[{"pmid": 32463093, "title": "COVID-19 Immunity Passport to Ease Travel Restrictions?", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Chen, Lin H", "Freedman, David O", "Visser, Leo G"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463093", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447742, "pmcid": "PMC7245177", "title": "Clinical Insights into the Gastrointestinal Manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Dig Dis Sci", "authors": ["Kopel, Jonathan", "Perisetti, Abhilash", "Gajendran, Mahesh", "Boregowda, Umesha", "Goyal, Hemant"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447742", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The month of December 2019 became a critical part of the time of humanity when the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in the Wuhan, Hubei Province in China. As of April 13th, 2020, there have been approximately 1.9 million cases and 199,000 deaths across the world, which were associated with COVID-19. The COVID-19 is the seventh coronavirus to be identified to infect humans. In the past, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome were the two coronaviruses that infected humans with a high fatality, particularly among the elderly. Fatalities due to COVID-19 are higher in patients older than 50\u00a0years of age or those with multimorbid conditions. The COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, with the most common symptoms being high fever, cough, myalgia, atypical symptoms included sputum production, headache, hemoptysis and diarrhea. However, the incubation period can range from 2 to 14\u00a0days without any symptoms. It is particularly true with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in which patients can still shed the virus even after pulmonary symptoms have resolved. Given the high percentage of COVID-19 patients that present with GI symptoms (e.g., nausea and diarrhea), screening patients for GI symptoms remain essential. Recently, cases of fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19 have been confirmed in the USA and China, indicating that the virus can replicate in both the respiratory and digestive tract. Moreover, the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic procedures, treatments and prevention of the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 remain to be elucidated."}, {"pmid": 32380272, "pmcid": "PMC7198418", "title": "Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical correlates of insomnia in volunteer and at home medical staff during the COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Li, Xingxing", "Yu, Haihang", "Bian, Guolin", "Hu, Zhenyu", "Liu, Xiaoli", "Zhou, Qi", "Yu, Chang", "Wu, Xiang", "Yuan, Ti-Fei", "Zhou, Dongsheng"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380272", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532719, "title": "Symptom management and end-of-life care of residents with COVID-19 in long-term care homes.", "journal": "Can Fam Physician", "authors": ["Khosravani, Houman", "Steinberg, Leah", "Incardona, Nadia", "Quail, Patrick", "Perri, Giulia-Anna"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532719", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449663, "title": "Salvation in a Time of Plague.", "journal": "AMA J Ethics", "authors": ["Sweeney, Ginia"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449663", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health workers offer their skills and care to COVID-19 pandemic patients, just as St Roch offered healing to those stricken by bubonic plague during the Renaissance. This article interprets 3 works of art in light of Roch's story of illness and recovery and applies key insights of ethical, artistic, and clinical relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32119823, "pmcid": "PMC7159019", "title": "A family cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infection involving 11 patients in Nanjing, China.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Huang, Rui", "Xia, Juan", "Chen, Yuxin", "Shan, Chun", "Wu, Chao"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119823", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384707, "title": "Decision-Making in COVID-19 and Frailty.", "journal": "Geriatrics (Basel)", "authors": ["Moug, Susan", "Carter, Ben", "Myint, Phyo Kyaw", "Hewitt, Jonathan", "McCarthy, Kathryn", "Pearce, Lyndsay"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384707", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We write in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the important recognition of co-existing frailty [COVID-19 rapid guideline: critical care in adults; NICE NG159] [...]."}, {"pmid": 32531146, "title": "Maternal transmission of SARS-COV-2 to the neonate, and possible routes for such transmission: A systematic review and critical analysis.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Walker, Kate F", "O'Donoghue, Keelin", "Grace, Nicky", "Dorling, Jon", "Comeau, Jeannette L", "Li, Wentao", "Thornton, Jim G"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531146", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early reports of COVID-19 in pregnancy described management by caesarean, strict isolation of the neonate and formula feeding, is this practise justified? To estimate the risk of the neonate becoming infected with SARS-COV-2 by mode of delivery, type of infant feeding and mother-infant interaction SEARCH STRATEGY: Two biomedical databases were searched between September 2019 - June 2020. Case reports or case series of pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19, where neonatal outcomes were reported. Data was extracted on mode of delivery, infant infection status, infant feeding and mother-infant interaction. For reported infant infection a critical analysis was performed to evaluate the likelihood of vertical transmission. We included 49 studies which included 666 neonates and 655 women where information was provided on the mode of delivery and the infant's infection status. 28/666 (4%) neonates had confirmed COVID-19 infection postnatally. Of the 291 women who delivered vaginally, 8/292 (2.7%) neonates were positive. Of the 364 women who had a Caesarean birth, 20/374 (5.3%) neonates were positive. Of the 28 neonates with confirmed COVID-19 infection, 7 were breast fed, 3 formula fed, 1 was given expressed breast milk and in 17 neonates the method of infant feeding was not reported. Neonatal COVID-19 infection is uncommon, uncommonly symptomatic, and the rate of infection is no greater when the baby is born vaginally, breastfed or allowed contact with the mother."}, {"pmid": 32445201, "title": "SARS-CoV-2-associated Guillain-Barre syndrome with dysautonomia.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Su, Xiaowei W", "Palka, Sydney V", "Rao, Rahul R", "Chen, Fred S", "Brackney, Christopher R", "Cambi, Franca"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445201", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32257772, "pmcid": "PMC7104689", "title": "Cross-Country Comparison of Case Fatality Rates of COVID-19/SARS-COV-2.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "authors": ["Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif", "Rahim, Fakher"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257772", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Case fatality rates (CFR) and recovery rates are important readouts during epidemics and pandemics. In this article, an international analysis was performed on the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Data were retrieved from accurate databases according to the user's guide of data sources for patient registries, CFR and recovery rates were calculated for each country. A comparison of CFR between countries with total cases \u2265 1,000 was observed for 12th and 23rd March. Italy's CFR was the highest of all countries studied for both time points (12th March, 6.22% versus 23rd March, 9.26%). The data showed that even though Italy was the only European country reported on 12rd March, Spain and France had the highest CFR of 6.16 and 4.21%, respectively, on 23rd March, which was strikingly higher than the overall CFR of 3.61%. Obtaining detailed and accurate medical history from COVID-19 patients, and analyzing CFR alongside the recovery rate, may enable the identification of the highest risk areas so that efficient medical care may be provided. This may lead to the development of point-of-care tools to help clinicians in stratifying patients based on possible requirements in the level of care, to increase the probabilities of survival from COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32383802, "pmcid": "PMC7267460", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 in the diagnosis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.", "journal": "Depress Anxiety", "authors": ["Fontenelle, Leonardo F", "Miguel, Euripedes C"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383802", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233719, "title": "The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Torales, Julio", "O'Higgins, Marcelo", "Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio", "Ventriglio, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233719", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus infection among humans in Wuhan (China) and its spreading around the globe is heavily impacting on the global health and mental health. Despite all resources employed to counteract the spreading of the virus, additional global strategies are needed to handle the related mental health issues. Published articles concerning mental health related to the COVID-19 outbreak and other previous global infections have been considered and reviewed. This outbreak is leading to additional health problems such as stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, denial, anger and fear globally. Collective concerns influence daily behaviors, economy, prevention strategies and decision-making from policy makers, health organizations and medical centers, which can weaken strategies of COVID-19 control and lead to more morbidity and mental health needs at global level."}, {"pmid": 32483525, "pmcid": "PMC7236721", "title": "A fatal case of COVID-19 due to metabolic acidosis following dysregulate inflammatory response (cytokine storm).", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Chhetri, Shabnam", "Khamis, Faryal", "Pandak, Nenad", "Al Khalili, Huda", "Said, Elias", "Petersen, Eskild"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483525", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 has been expanding worldwide. As of 17 April 2020, the death toll stands at a sobering 147,027 and over two million cases, this has been straining the health care systems all over. Respiratory failure has been cited as the major cause of death but here we present a case about a patient who instead succumbed to severe metabolic acidosis with multiple organ failure."}, {"pmid": 32495372, "title": "Terminal complement inhibition dampens the inflammation during COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Kulasekararaj, Austin G", "Lazana, Ioanna", "Large, Joanna", "Posadas, Kristina", "Eagleton, Helen", "Villajin, John Lord", "Zuckerman, Mark", "Gandhi, Shreyans", "Marsh, Judith Cw"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495372", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging evidence suggests that activation of the complement system is critical in the pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 related lung injury. Inhibition of the terminal complement pathway by targeting complement protein 5 (C5) may be an effective therapeutic intervention in CoV-mediated disease.1 Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disease characterized by intravascular haemolysis, increased thromboembolic risk and bone marrow failure.2."}, {"pmid": 32133829, "title": "[Analysis of bronchoscope-guided tracheal intubation in 12 cases with coronavirus disease 2019 under the personal protective equipment with positive pressure protective hood].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Cai, S J", "Wu, L L", "Chen, D F", "Li, Y X", "Liu, Y J", "Fan, Y Q", "Du, S H", "Huang, H", "Liu, N", "Cheng, L L", "Deng, X L", "Li, S Y"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133829", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Endotracheal intubation is an independent risk factor for respiratory infectious diseases. We conducted a retrospective study in 12 cases with COVID-19 who underwent endotracheal intubation at ICU of the Guangzhou eighth hospital from January 20 to February 10, 2020. The intubation procedure, anesthetic regimen, and complication were collected and analyzed. The 9 healthcare workers who involved in intubation received virus nucleic acid test and 14 days temperature monitoring. All 12 patients were successfully intubated under the guidance of bronchoscope, without any complications. Midazolam, Propofol and Morphine or fentanyl were used for sedation and analgesia, avoiding patients cough and agitated during the procedure. The 9 healthcare workers were protected under the Personal Protective Equipment(PPE) with positive pressure protective hood. The detection of oropharyngeal swab virus nucleic acid were negative in all 9 healthcare workers, none of them had fever or any respiratory symptoms. The PPE with positive pressure protective hood should be needed to perform bronchoscope-guided endotracheal intubation in patients with COVID-19, it could strengthen to protect healthcare workers from virus exposure."}, {"pmid": 32464624, "title": "Cytokine Blood Filtration Responses in COVID-19.", "journal": "Blood Purif", "authors": ["Al Shareef, Khaled", "Bakouri, Mohsen"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464624", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The real issue with the COVID-19 pandemic is that a rapidly increasing number of patients with life-threatening complications are admitted in hospitals and are not well-administered. Although a limited number of patients use the intensive care unit (ICU), they consume medical resources, safety equipment, and enormous equipment with little possibility of rapid recovery and ICU discharge. This work reviews effective methods of using filtration devices in treatment to reduce the level of various inflammatory mediators and discharge patients from the ICU faster. Extracorporeal technologies have been reviewed as a medical approach to absorb cytokines. Although these devices do not kill or remove the virus, they are a promising solution for treating patients and their faster removal from the ICU, thus relieving the bottleneck."}, {"pmid": 32322918, "pmcid": "PMC7175449", "title": "Thrombotic events in SARS-CoV-2 patients: an urgent call for ultrasound screening.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Tavazzi, Guido", "Civardi, Luca", "Caneva, Luca", "Mongodi, Silvia", "Mojoli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322918", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414523, "pmcid": "PMC7207130", "title": "Non-Covid-19 clinical research in the era of pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Eke, Onyinyechi F", "Morone, Christina C", "Liteplo, Andrew S", "Shokoohi, Hamid"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414523", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471003, "title": "Keeping Journal Club Relevant in a Pandemic: The 'Rapid Fire' 5-Minute Format.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Chu, David C"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471003", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There has been an explosion of data published in a short period of time about COVID-19. It can be difficult for learners to stay on top of the latest information while also critically appraising each new piece of information. As a result, there can be a lack of local consensus on how to best manage these patients as new data continually becomes available."}, {"pmid": 32381264, "pmcid": "PMC7192101", "title": "Confirmation of the high cumulative incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19: An updated analysis.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Klok, F A", "Kruip, M J H A", "van der Meer, N J M", "Arbous, M S", "Gommers, D", "Kant, K M", "Kaptein, F H J", "van Paassen, J", "Stals, M A M", "Huisman, M V", "Endeman, H"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381264", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We recently reported a high cumulative incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of three Dutch hospitals. In answering questions raised regarding our study, we updated our database and repeated all analyses. We re-evaluated the incidence of the composite outcome of symptomatic acute pulmonary embolism (PE), deep-vein thrombosis, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction and/or systemic arterial embolism in all COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICUs of 2 Dutch university hospitals and 1 Dutch teaching hospital from ICU admission to death, ICU discharge or April 22nd 2020, whichever came first. We studied the same 184 ICU patients as reported on previously, of whom a total of 41 died (22%) and 78 were discharged alive (43%). The median follow-up duration increased from 7 to 14\u00a0days. All patients received pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. The cumulative incidence of the composite outcome, adjusted for competing risk of death, was 49% (95% confidence interval [CI] 41-57%). The majority of thrombotic events were PE (65/75; 87%). In the competing risk model, chronic anticoagulation therapy at admission was associated with a lower risk of the composite outcome (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.29, 95%CI 0.091-0.92). Patients diagnosed with thrombotic complications were at higher risk of all-cause death (HR 5.4; 95%CI 2.4-12). Use of therapeutic anticoagulation was not associated with all-cause death (HR 0.79, 95%CI 0.35-1.8). In this updated analysis, we confirm the very high cumulative incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32270420, "pmcid": "PMC7141488", "title": "Management of Cancer Surgery Cases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations.", "journal": "Ann Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Bartlett, David L", "Howe, James R", "Chang, George", "Crago, Aimee", "Hogg, Melissa", "Karakousis, Giorgos", "Levine, Edward", "Maker, Ajay", "Mamounas, Eleftherios", "McGuire, Kandace", "Merchant, Nipun", "Shibata, David", "Sohn, Vance", "Solorzano, Carmen", "Turaga, Kiran", "White, Richard", "Yang, Anthony", "Yoon, Sam"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270420", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525803, "title": "The patient-urologist relationship in the COVID-19 era and beyond.", "journal": "Can Urol Assoc J", "authors": ["Patel, Hiren V", "Srivastava, Arnav", "Tabakin, Alexandra L", "Jang, Thomas L", "Singer, Eric A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525803", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226289, "pmcid": "PMC7098029", "title": "Perspectives on therapeutic neutralizing antibodies against the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Zhou, Guangyu", "Zhao, Qi"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226289", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A newly identified novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is causing pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome across the world. Epidemiology, genomics, and pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 show high homology with that of SARS-CoV. Current efforts are focusing on development of specific antiviral drugs. Therapeutic neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 will be greatly important therapeutic agents for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herein, the host immune responses against SARS-CoV discussed in this review provide implications for developing NAbs and understanding clinical interventions against SARS-CoV-2. Further, we describe the benefits, challenges and considerations of NAbs against SARS-CoV-2. Although many challenges exist, NAbs still offer a therapeutic option to control the current pandemic and the possible re-emergence of the virus in the future, and their development therefore remains a high priority."}, {"pmid": 32334676, "pmcid": "PMC7180020", "title": "Mitigating the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on sickle cell disease services in African countries.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Dexter, Daniel", "Simons, David", "Kiyaga, Charles", "Kapata, Nathan", "Ntoumi, Francine", "Kock, Richard", "Zumla, Alimuddin"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334676", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487487, "pmcid": "PMC7250759", "title": "Tele-oncology in the COVID-19 Era: The Way Forward?", "journal": "Trends Cancer", "authors": ["Shirke, Manasi Mahesh", "Shaikh, Safwan Ahmed", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487487", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has had a devastating impact on the care of cancer patients. Thus, tele-oncology has become a necessity to improve cancer care. Several organisations have issued guidelines for its use during COVID-19. Despite certain shortcomings, tele-oncology has great potential to help cancer patients during COVID-19 and in the future."}, {"pmid": 32406360, "title": "COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE GREEK HEALTH CARE SYSTEM.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Giannopoulou, Ioanna", "Tsobanoglou, George Odysseas"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406360", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After coming out of the state debt crisis, Greece is facing yet another crisis - that of the COVID-19 pandemic. The key challenges facing the organizational structure and function of the Greek public health system in order to meet the populations' health needs are discussed. Social distancing, through imposed national lockdown very early in the pandemic, has been a key emergency public health measure that has saved lives. However, the system needs to enhance its capacity, through strengthening primary health and social support care, to be able to meet existing unmet health needs, the impact of the pandemic on mental health, as well as to tackle future new waves of outbreak. The related changes in health service provisions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic call for developing new models and novel approaches for delivering effective mental health services."}, {"pmid": 32167816, "title": "Using public health law to contain the spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Griffith, Richard"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167816", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, considers what powers are available to ministers, health and local authorities to minimise the spread of the novel coronavirus and the disease it causes."}, {"pmid": 32434615, "title": "Assessment and Management of Anorexia Nervosa during COVID-19.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Walsh, O", "McNicholas, F"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434615", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Management of the high rates of medical and psychiatric complications, including self-harm and suicide, associated with Anorexia Nervosa require regular clinical review. However, during the current pandemic, face to face clinical assessments carry the risk of infection and transmission in this vulnerable cohort already compromised by low weight and lowered immunity. This paper describes how one service has had to adapt usual care during the COVID-19 pandemic without contributing excessively to carer burden or compromising patient safety."}, {"pmid": 32495654, "title": "Targeting SARS-CoV-2 using polycomb inhibitors as antiviral agents.", "journal": "Epigenomics", "authors": ["Ayaz, Sameer", "Crea, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495654", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32184205, "title": "Covid-19: UK starts social distancing after new model points to 260 000 potential deaths.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184205", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223003, "title": "European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis (ETFAD) statement on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2)-infection and atopic dermatitis.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Wollenberg, Andreas", "Flohr, Carsten", "Simon, Dagmar", "Cork, Michael J", "Thyssen, Jacob P", "Bieber, Thomas", "de Bruin-Weller, Marjolein S", "Weidinger, Stephan", "Deleuran, Mette", "Taieb, Alain", "Paul, Carle", "Trzeciak, Magdalena", "Werfel, Thomas", "Seneschal, Julien", "Barbarot, Sebastien", "Darsow, Ulf", "Torrelo, Antonio", "Stalder, Jean-Francois", "Svensson, Ake", "Hijnen, Dirkjan", "Gelmetti, Carlo", "Szalai, Zsuzsanna", "Gieler, Uwe", "De Raeve, Linda", "Kunz, Barbara", "Spuls, Phyllis", "von Kobyletzki, Laura B", "Folster-Holst, Regina", "Chernyshov, Pavel V", "Cristen-Zaech, Stephanie", "Heratizadeh, Annice", "Ring, Johannes", "Vestergaard, Christian"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223003", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease with elevated risk of respiratory comorbidities.1,2 Severely affected patients are often treated with immune-modulating systemic drugs.3,4 On March 11th 2020, the World Health Organization declared the 2019 novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-Cov-2) epidemic to be a pandemic. The number of cases worldwide is increasing exponentially and poses a major health threat, especially for those who are elderly, immuno-compromised, or have comorbidities. This also applies to AD patients on systemic immune-modulating treatment. In these days of uncertainty, reallocation of medical resources, curfew, hoarding, and shutdown of normal social life, patients, caregivers and doctors ask questions regarding the continuation of systemic immune-modulating treatment of AD patients. The ETFAD decided to address some of these questions here."}, {"pmid": 32321645, "pmcid": "PMC7158776", "title": "The continuing evolution of COVID-19 imaging pathways in the UK: a British Society of Thoracic Imaging expert reference group update.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Hare, S S", "Rodrigues, J C L", "Nair, A", "Jacob, J", "Upile, S", "Johnstone, A", "Mcstay, R", "Edey, A", "Robinson, G"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321645", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281877, "title": "COVID-19 Lung Injury is Not High Altitude Pulmonary Edema.", "journal": "High Alt Med Biol", "authors": ["Luks, Andrew", "Freer, Luanne", "Grissom, Colin", "McIntosh, Scott E", "Schoene, Robert B", "Swenson, Erik", "Hackett, Peter H"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281877", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Not applicable."}, {"pmid": 32425430, "pmcid": "PMC7233223", "title": "Out Patient Department practices in orthopaedics amidst COVID-19: The evolving model.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Lal, Hitesh", "Sharma, Deepak Kumar", "Patralekh, Mohit Kumar", "Jain, Vijay Kumar", "Maini, Lalit"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425430", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic on 11th March 2020 by the World Health Organization and consequent lockdown imposed in several areas resulted in a marked reduction in orthopaedic practice. Although some guidelines for patient care in orthopaedic practice have been published, overall, publications focusing exclusively on guidelines on starting orthopaedic outpatient departments (OPD) after the COVID-19 lockdown amidst the on-going pandemic are lacking. We hereby propose the evolving knowledge in changes in OPD management practices for orthopaedic surgeons in the COVID- 19 era. The emphasis on online registration (e-registration) should be given impetus and become the new norm supplemented by telephonic and spot registration for the uneducated patients. The review highlights the safety of patient and orthopaedic surgeons in OPD by screening and maintaining hygiene at various levels. The article also mentions the duties of the help desk, OPD hall supervisor and the new norms of Air Conditioning, ventilation, safe use of elevators, sanitization of OPD premises and biomedical waste disposal. The optimum and safe utilization of human & material resources, DO's and DON'Ts for patients & health staff have also been proposed. The reorganization of plaster room, the precaution during plastering, fracture clinic, dressing and injection room services are discussed as per evolving guidelines. This article will give deep insight into the OPD plan &telemedicine graphically also. The authors suggest updating and downward permeation of existing e-infrastructure of government health services that is up-gradation of existing tertiary level online registration services, a paperless model of OPD Consultation & dispensation. The future updating of Aarogya Setu App (https://mygov.in/aarogya-setu-app/). for convenient online OPD registration and dispensation has been discussed and proposed. This review will help in containing the spread of COVID 19 and build upon the health gains achieved after lockdown. The easy concept of CCCATTT has been introduced, and the OPD Plan has also been suggested. We have endeavoured to holistically detail an orthopaedic OPD setup and its upkeep in COVID-19 pandemic, but since the knowledge of COVID 19 is ever-evolving it needs replenishment by regular education for health staff."}, {"pmid": 32392332, "pmcid": "PMC7239205", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients: what still needs to be known about the kinetics.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Martin-Blondel, G", "Ruiz, S", "Murris, M", "Faguer, S", "Duhalde, V", "Eyvrard, F", "Izopet, J", "Mansuy, J M", "Rolland, Y", "Delavigne, K", "Guimbaud, R", "Pugnet, G", "Conil, J M", "Georges, B", "Delobel, P", "Minville, V", "Silva Sifontes, S", "Concordet, D", "Gandia, P"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392332", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Different dosage regimens of hydroxychloroquine are used to manage COVID-19 patients, without information on the pharmacokinetics in this population.Blood samples (n=101) were collected from 57 COVID-19 patients for 7 days and concentrations were compared with simulated kinetic profiles.Hydroxychloroquine exposure is low and cannot be predicted by other populations."}, {"pmid": 32461489, "title": "Silent casualty of COVID-19: Training and education.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Farooqui, Javed Hussain", "Das, Sima", "Sabherwal, Shalinder", "Mathur, Umang", "Iqbal, Sana"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461489", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501755, "title": "Web Exclusive. Annals On Call - Disparities and COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Centor, Robert M", "Essien, Utibe R"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501755", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529918, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic Exposes Limited Understanding of Ageism.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Reynolds, Laurinda"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529918", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, justification for orders to shelter in place have emphasized the vulnerability of older people. Although other at-risk groups were sometimes mentioned, the emphasis on older people could have effects on attitudes about aging and older people for decades to come. This essay provides a comprehensive biopsychosocial description of ageism and discusses the pandemic as a \"focusing event\" that exemplifies the extreme social consequence of ageism for the entire older population. It suggests revisions to the Elder Justice Act and utilization of programs such as the Reframing Aging, Age-Friendly University, and Ageism First Aid initiatives to reduce ageism in the wake of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32347198, "pmcid": "PMC7189647", "title": "Epidemiological characteristics of the first 53 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 epidemic in Hong Kong, 13 February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Kwok, Kin On", "Wong, Valerie Wing Yu", "Wei, Wan In", "Wong, Samuel Yeung Shan", "Tang, Julian Wei-Tze"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347198", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BackgroundCOVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, first appeared in China and subsequently developed into an ongoing epidemic. Understanding epidemiological factors characterising the transmission dynamics of this disease is of fundamental importance.AimsThis study aimed to describe key epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 in Hong Kong.MethodsWe extracted data of confirmed COVID-19 cases and their close contacts from the publicly available information released by the Hong Kong Centre for Health Protection. We used doubly interval censored likelihood to estimate containment delay and serial interval, by fitting gamma, lognormal and Weibull distributions to respective empirical values using Bayesian framework with right truncation. A generalised linear regression model was employed to identify factors associated with containment delay. Secondary attack rate was also estimated.ResultsThe empirical containment delay was 6.39\u2009days; whereas after adjusting for right truncation with the best-fit Weibull distribution, it was 10.4\u2009days (95%\u2009CrI:\u20097.15 to 19.81). Containment delay increased significantly over time. Local source of infection and number of doctor consultations before isolation were associated with longer containment delay. The empirical serial interval was 4.58-6.06\u2009days; whereas the best-fit lognormal distribution to 26 certain-and-probable infector-infectee paired data gave an estimate of 4.77\u2009days (95%\u2009CrI:\u20093.47 to 6.90) with right-truncation. The secondary attack rate among close contacts was 11.7%.ConclusionWith a considerable containment delay and short serial interval, contact-tracing effectiveness may not be optimised to halt the transmission with rapid generations replacement. Our study highlights the transmission risk of social interaction and pivotal role of physical distancing in suppressing the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32407155, "title": "Publication Ethics During Public Health Emergencies Such as the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Smith, Maxwell J", "Upshur, Ross E G", "Emanuel, Ezekiel J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407155", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health emergencies require real-time, accurate information to guide effective responses. Rapid publication of information can, therefore, advance both the scientific validity and the social value of research conducted in these contexts. Consequently, medical journals place a high priority on rapidly publishing reports on these emergencies, which the media often report on to the public. Today, the focus is on the rapid publication of research related to the COVID-19 outbreak. Tomorrow, it might be an influenza pandemic or a crisis related to a vaping-related illness. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 14, 2020: e1-e2. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305686)."}, {"pmid": 32251718, "pmcid": "PMC7195011", "title": "ACE2 at the centre of COVID-19 from paucisymptomatic infections to severe pneumonia.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Rivellese, Felice", "Prediletto, Edoardo"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251718", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487460, "pmcid": "PMC7256518", "title": "Outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for patients with COVID-19: A pooled analysis of 331 cases.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Melhuish, Thomas M", "Vlok, Ruan", "Thang, Christopher", "Askew, Judith", "White, Leigh"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487460", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393500, "title": "Covid-19: GPs can't get results of tests carried out at drive-through centres.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393500", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345523, "pmcid": "PMC7167557", "title": "The Shifting Landscape of Genitourinary Oncology During the COVID-19 Pandemic and how Italian Oncologists Reacted: Results from a National Survey.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Marandino, Laura", "Di Maio, Massimo", "Procopio, Giuseppe", "Cinieri, Saverio", "Beretta, Giordano Domenico", "Necchi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345523", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335177, "pmcid": "PMC7179502", "title": "The economics of infection prevention: why it is crucial to invest in hand hygiene and nurses during the novel coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Peters, Alexandra", "Lotfinejad, Nasim", "Simniceanu, Alice", "Pittet, Didier"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335177", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502274, "title": "Estimating COVID-19 outbreak risk through air travel.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Daon, Yair", "Thompson, Robin N", "Obolski, Uri"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502274", "countries": ["United States", "India", "Brazil", "China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Substantial limitations have been imposed on passenger air travel to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 between regions and countries. However, as case numbers decrease, air travel will gradually resume. We considered a future scenario in which case numbers are low and air travel returns to normal. Under that scenario, there will be a risk of outbreaks in locations worldwide due to imported cases. We estimated the risk of different locations acting as sources of future COVID-19 outbreaks elsewhere. We use modelled global air travel data and population density estimates from locations worldwide to analyse the risk that 1364 airports are sources of future COVID-19 outbreaks. We use a probabilistic, branching-process based approach that considers the volume of air travelers between airports and the reproduction number at each location, accounting for local population density. Under the scenario we model, we identify airports in East Asia as having the highest risk of acting as sources of future outbreaks. Moreover, we investigate the locations most likely to cause outbreaks due to air travel in regions that are large and potentially vulnerable to outbreaks: India, Brazil and Africa. We find that outbreaks in India and Brazil are most likely to be seeded by individuals travelling from within those regions. We find that this is also true for less vulnerable regions, such as the United States, Europe, and China. However, outbreaks in Africa due to imported cases are instead most likely to be initiated by passengers travelling from outside the continent. Variation in flight volumes and destination population densities create a non-uniform distribution of the risk that different airports pose of acting as the source of an outbreak. Accurate quantification of the spatial distribution of outbreak risk can therefore facilitate optimal allocation of resources for effective targeting of public health interventions."}, {"pmid": 32376653, "title": "Covid-19: Projections of mortality in the US rise as states open up.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376653", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391861, "title": "Telepsychiatry and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic-Current and Future Outcomes of the Rapid Virtualization of Psychiatric Care.", "journal": "JAMA Psychiatry", "authors": ["Shore, Jay H", "Schneck, Christopher D", "Mishkind, Matthew C"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391861", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255475, "pmcid": "PMC7184462", "title": "Denominator matters in estimating COVID-19 mortality rates.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Gaye, Bamba", "Fanidi, Anouar", "Jouven, Xavier"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255475", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402090, "pmcid": "PMC7272838", "title": "Review article: COVID-19 and liver disease-what we know on 1st May 2020.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Garrido, Isabel", "Liberal, Rodrigo", "Macedo, Guilherme"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402090", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), became a global threat to human health. Liver impairment has been frequently reported as a common manifestation, although its clinical significance is still unclear, particularly in patients with underlying chronic liver disease (CLD). To summarise the changes in liver function tests during SARS-CoV-2 infection and the impact of COVID-19 in patients with underlying CLD. A literature review using online database PubMed was done using the search terms \"SARS-CoV-2\", \"COVID-19\", \"liver\", \"cirrhosis\" and \"liver transplantation\". COVID-19 is frequently associated with different degrees of abnormal liver function tests, most notably transaminases, which are usually transitory and of mild degree. Available evidence suggests that liver injury may result from direct pathogenic effect by the virus, systemic inflammation or toxicity from commonly used drugs in this subset of patients. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is associated with minimal or no increase in liver enzymes, thus the presence of abnormal liver function tests should trigger evaluation for underlying liver diseases. Although it seems that patients with CLD are not at greater risk for acquiring the infection, those with cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune liver diseases or liver transplant may have a greater risk for severe COVID-19. Abnormal liver function tests during the course of COVID-19 are common, though clinically significant liver injury is rare. Further research is needed focusing on the effect of existing liver-related comorbidities on treatment and outcome of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32188590, "title": "Covid-19 exposes weaknesses in European response to outbreaks.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Anderson, Michael", "Mckee, Martin", "Mossialos, Elias"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188590", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363045, "pmcid": "PMC7194659", "title": "Recommended prophylactic and management strategies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in transplant recipients.", "journal": "Chronic Dis Transl Med", "authors": ["Ju, Chun-Rong", "Lian, Qiao-Yan", "Zhang, Jian-Heng", "Qiu, Tao", "Cai, Zhi-Tao", "Jiang, Wen-Yang", "Zhang, Jing", "Cheng, Qin", "Chen, Gang", "Li, Ning", "Wang, Chun-Yan", "He, Jian-Xing"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363045", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, increasing attention has been paid to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in Wuhan, China. SARS-CoV-2 primarily invades the respiratory tract and lungs, leading to pneumonia and other systemic disorders. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 in transplant recipients has raised significant concerns, especially because there is a large population of transplant recipients in China. Based on the current epidemic situation, this study reviewed publications on this virus and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), analyzed common features of respiratory viral pneumonias, and presented the currently reported clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in transplant recipients to improve strategies regarding the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in this special population."}, {"pmid": 32492991, "title": "Utility of lateral flow tests in SARS-CoV-2 infection monitorization.", "journal": "Rev Esp Quimioter", "authors": ["Candel, F J", "Vinuela-Prieto, J M", "Gonzalez Del Castillo, J", "Barreiro Garcia, P", "Fragiel Saavedra, M", "Hernandez Piriz, A", "Jimenez Virumbrales, D", "Canora Lebrato, J", "Garcia de Casasola, G", "Gil Prieto, R", "San-Roman Montero, J", "Ortega Anselmi, J", "Barba Martin, R", "Prados Roa, F", "Marco Martinez, J", "Zapatero Gaviria, A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492991", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for medical and public health reasons, to allow the best treatment of cases and the best control of the pandemic. Serology testing allows for the detection of asymptomatic infections and 19-COVID cases once the virus has been cleared. We analyzed the usefulness of the SARS-CoV-2 rapid test of Autobio and tried to correlate its pattern with the severity of COVID19 infection. We analyzed the accuracy and clinical usefulness of a point-of-care IgM and/or IgG test for SARS-CoV-2 in 35 COVID-19 patients [12 (34.3%) mild-moderate and 23 (65.7%) severe-critical] admitted to a field hospital in Madrid, as well as in 5 controls. The mean time from the first day of symptoms to the antibody test was 28 days (SD: 8.7), similar according to the severity of the disease. All patients with SARS-CoV-2 PCR+ showed the corresponding IgG positivity, while these results were negative in all control individuals. A total of 26 (74%) cases also presented with positive IgM, 19 (83%) were severe-critical cases and 7 (58%) were mild-moderate cases. The IgM response lasted longer in the severe critical cases (mean: 29.7 days; SD: 8.4) compared to the moderate cases (mean: 21.2 days; SD: 2.0).. Rapid serology tests are useful for the diagnosis of patients with COVID-19 (mainly IgG detection) and may also be correlated with the severity of the infection (based on IgM detection)."}, {"pmid": 32334323, "pmcid": "PMC7162626", "title": "Recommendations for triage, prioritization and treatment of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Breast", "authors": ["Curigliano, Giuseppe", "Cardoso, Maria Joao", "Poortmans, Philip", "Gentilini, Oreste", "Pravettoni, Gabriella", "Mazzocco, Ketti", "Houssami, Nehmat", "Pagani, Olivia", "Senkus, Elzbieta", "Cardoso, Fatima"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334323", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated disease (COVID-19) outbreak seriously challenges globally all health care systems and professionals. Expert projections estimate that despite social distancing and lockdown being practiced, we have yet to feel the full impact of COVID-19. In this manuscript we provide guidance to prepare for the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer patients and advise on how to triage, prioritize and organize diagnostic procedures, surgical, radiation and medical treatments."}, {"pmid": 32311040, "pmcid": "PMC7188129", "title": "COVID-19: Health prevention and control in non-healthcare settings.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Belingheri, Michael", "Paladino, Maria Emilia", "Riva, Michele Augusto"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311040", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430111, "pmcid": "PMC7196899", "title": "Achieving Safe, Effective, and Compassionate Quarantine or Isolation of Older Adults With Dementia in Nursing Homes.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Iaboni, Andrea", "Cockburn, Amy", "Marcil, Meghan", "Rodrigues, Kevin", "Marshall, Cecelia", "Garcia, Mary Anne", "Quirt, Hannah", "Reynolds, Katelyn B", "Keren, Ron", "Flint, Alastair J"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430111", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nursing homes are facing the rapid spread of COVID-19 among residents and staff and are at the centre of the public health emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As policy changes and interventions designed to support nursing homes are put into place, there are barriers to implementing a fundamental, highly effective element of infection control, namely the isolation of suspected or confirmed cases. Many nursing home residents have dementia, associated with impairments in memory, language, insight, and judgment that impact their ability to understand and appreciate the necessity of isolation and to voluntarily comply with isolation procedures. While there is a clear ethical and legal basis for the involuntary confinement of people with dementia, the potential for unintended harm with these interventions is high, and there is little guidance for nursing homes on how to isolate safely, while maintaining the human dignity and personhood of the individual with dementia. In this commentary, we discuss strategies for effective, safe, and compassionate isolation care planning, and present a case vignette of a person with dementia who is placed in quarantine on a dementia unit."}, {"pmid": 32408770, "title": "Moving Health Education and Behavior Upstream: Lessons From COVID-19 for Addressing Structural Drivers of Health Inequities.", "journal": "Health Educ Behav", "authors": ["Schulz, Amy J", "Mehdipanah, Roshanak", "Chatters, Linda M", "Reyes, Angela G", "Neblett, Enrique W Jr", "Israel, Barbara A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408770", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this Perspective, we build on social justice and emancipatory traditions within the field of health education, and the field's long-standing commitment to building knowledge and shared power to promote health equity, to examine lessons and opportunities for health education emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic. Examining patterns that emerged as the pandemic unfolded in Metropolitan Detroit, with disproportionate impacts on African American and low-income communities, we consider conditions that contributed to excess exposure, mortality, and reduced access to critical health protective resources. Using a life course framework, we consider enduring impacts of the pandemic for health equity. Finally, we suggest several strategic actions in three focal areas-environment, occupation, and housing-that can be taken by health educators working in partnership with community members, researchers, and decision makers, using, for example, a community-based participatory research approach, to reduce adverse impacts of COVID-19 and promote long-term equity in health."}, {"pmid": 32317345, "title": "Covid-19 and mental health: a transformational opportunity to apply an evidence-based approach to clinical practice and research.", "journal": "Evid Based Ment Health", "authors": ["Smith, Katharine", "Ostinelli, Edoardo", "Cipriani, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317345", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32133962, "title": "Effective Chemicals against Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in China.", "journal": "Curr Top Med Chem", "authors": ["Liu, Wei", "Zhu, Hai-Liang", "Duan, Yongtao"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133962", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304691, "pmcid": "PMC7158836", "title": "Pregnant vs nonpregnant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and coronavirus disease 2019 hospital admissions: the first 4 weeks in New York.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Tekbali, Asma", "Grunebaum, Amos", "Saraya, Abraham", "McCullough, Laurence", "Bornstein, Eran", "Chervenak, Frank A"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304691", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198754, "title": "Prepare to adapt: blood supply and transfusion support during the first 2 weeks of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic affecting Washington State.", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Pagano, Monica B", "Hess, John R", "Tsang, Hamilton C", "Staley, Elizabeth", "Gernsheimer, Terry", "Sen, Nina", "Clark, Christine", "Nester, Theresa", "Bailey, Curt", "Alcorn, Kirsten"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198754", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first coronavirus (COVID-19) case was reported in United States in the state of Washington, approximately 3\u2009months after the outbreak in Wuhan, China. Three weeks later, the US federal government declared the pandemic a national emergency. The number of confirmed COVID-19 positive cases increased rather rapidly and changed routine daily activities of the community. This brief report describes the response from the hospital, the regional blood center, and the hospital-based transfusion services to the events that took place in the community during the initial phases of the pandemic. In Washington State, the first week of March started with four confirmed cases and ended with 150; by the end of the second week of March there were more than 700 cases of confirmed COVID-19. During the first week, blood donations dropped significantly. Blood units provided from blood centers of nonaffected areas of the country helped keep inventory stable and allow for routine hospital operations. The hospital-based transfusion service began prospective triaging of blood orders to monitor and prioritize blood usage. In the second week, blood donations recovered, and the hospital postponed elective procedures to ensure staff and personal protective equipment were appropriate for the care of critical patients. As community activities are disrupted and hospital activities switch from routine operations to pandemic focused and urgent care oriented, the blood supply and usage requires a number of transformations."}, {"pmid": 32383728, "pmcid": "PMC7210505", "title": "Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Positivity Rate in Outpatients in Seattle and Washington State, March 1-April 16, 2020.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Randhawa, April Kaur", "Fisher, Leigh H", "Greninger, Alexander L", "Li, Shuying Sue", "Andriesen, Jessica", "Corey, Lawrence", "Jerome, Keith R"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383728", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32257554, "pmcid": "PMC7069463", "title": "Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infusion Shows Promise for Combating Coronavirus (COVID-19)- Induced Pneumonia.", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Shetty, Ashok K"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257554", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new study published by the journal Aging & Disease reported that intravenous administration of clinical-grade human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in improved functional outcomes (Leng et al., Aging Dis, 11:216-228, 2020). This study demonstrated that intravenous infusion of MSCs is a safe and effective approach for treating patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, including elderly patients displaying severe pneumonia. COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory illness caused by a new coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, treating COVID-19 patients, particularly those afflicted with severe pneumonia, is challenging as no specific drugs or vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are available. Therefore, MSC therapy inhibiting the overactivation of the immune system and promoting endogenous repair by improving the lung microenvironment after the SARS-CoV-2 infection found in this study is striking. Additional studies in a larger cohort of patients are needed to validate this therapeutic intervention further, however."}, {"pmid": 32054787, "pmcid": "PMC7104368", "title": "Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir (GS-5734) treatment in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["de Wit, Emmie", "Feldmann, Friederike", "Cronin, Jacqueline", "Jordan, Robert", "Okumura, Atsushi", "Thomas, Tina", "Scott, Dana", "Cihlar, Tomas", "Feldmann, Heinz"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32054787", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The continued emergence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) cases with a high case fatality rate stresses the need for the availability of effective antiviral treatments. Remdesivir (GS-5734) effectively inhibited MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) replication in vitro, and showed efficacy against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV in a mouse model. Here, we tested the efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir treatment in a nonhuman primate model of MERS-CoV infection, the rhesus macaque. Prophylactic remdesivir treatment initiated 24 h prior to inoculation completely prevented MERS-CoV-induced clinical disease, strongly inhibited MERS-CoV replication in respiratory tissues, and prevented the formation of lung lesions. Therapeutic remdesivir treatment initiated 12 h postinoculation also provided a clear clinical benefit, with a reduction in clinical signs, reduced virus replication in the lungs, and decreased presence and severity of lung lesions. The data presented here support testing of the efficacy of remdesivir treatment in the context of a MERS clinical trial. It may also be considered for a wider range of coronaviruses, including the currently emerging novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32380453, "pmcid": "PMC7186204", "title": "What dentists need to know about COVID-19.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Baghizadeh Fini, Maryam"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380453", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article aims at collecting all information needed for dentists regarding the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the world by reviewing articles published by now. In late 2019, a pneumonia outbreak of uncertain etiology happened in Wuhan, China. There were many reports related to a live-animal and seafood market, supporting that the pathogens were transferred from animals to humans, rapidly evolving into transmission from human to human. The pathogen was classified as 2019 Novel Corona Virus (2019-nCoV), and the disease was named COrona VIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given that COVID-19 has lately been detected in infected patients' saliva, the COVID-19 outbreak is an alert that all dental and other health professionals must be vigilant in defending against the infectious disease spread, and it may enable to assess whether non-invasive saliva diagnostic for COVID-19. There has so far been no evidence from randomized controlled trials to prescribe any particular anti-nCoV treatment or vaccine, and COVID-19 management has been widely supportive. Since the ACE-2 was expressing on oral cavity mucosa, there is a potentially huge COVID-19 infectious vulnerability risk for oral cavity and brought up a proof for the future prevention procedure in dental practice and daily life. As a result, the whole dental teams should be vigilant and keep patients and themselves in a safe environment by following the guideline in this study."}, {"pmid": 32268713, "title": "[Investigation on demands for antenatal care services among 2 002 pregnant women during the epidemic of COVID-19 in Shanghai].", "journal": "Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Du, L", "Gu, Y B", "Cui, M Q", "Li, W X", "Wang, J", "Zhu, L P", "Xu, B"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268713", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To identify problems and demands for antenatal care (ANC) among pregnant women in different trimesters of pregnancy in Shanghai for optimizing ANC service during the epidemic of COVID-19. Method: s Organized by maternal and child health care institute in the 16 districts of Shanghai, a cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who came to pregnancy registration in the community health centers or attended ANC in midwifery hospitals from February 7 to February 12, 2020. Consented participating women completed a semi-structured online questionnaire voluntarily. Data was analyzed using frequency,chi-square test and scoring. Result: s A total of 2 002 valid questionnaires were collected from 183 community health centers and 67 midwifery hospitals. About 94.6%(1 894/2 002) of the pregnant women worried about being infected during the COVID-19 epidemic, and 14.7% (294/2 002) demanded for psychological consultation. Time-lapse appointments for ANC were requested by 87.7% (1 756/2 002) of the participants for avoiding presenting themselves in people-density places. Compared with other pregnancy trimesters, pregnant women in the second trimester were more willing to reduce the frequency of ANC (35.2% versus 39.5% versus 48.1%, P<0.01). Compared with multiparas, primiparas were more willing to have online consultation and guidance (49.2% versus 63.8%, P<0.01). Regarding the needs for health knowledge on COVID-19, personal protection against 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was the most concerned for pregnant women, and 71.0% (1 421/2 002) of them preferred to obtain knowledge through health applications, official Weibo and WeChat. Conclusions: Pregnant women in Shanghai critically concern about the risk of 2019-nCoV infections, and highly demand knowledge and measures on prevention and protection from COVID-19. They ask for having time-lapse appointments for ANC and online access to health information and services. Maternal and child care institutes should understand the demands of pregnant women, optimize the means of ANC service, and provide tailored and accessible health education and service for the safety of mother and child."}, {"pmid": 32373993, "title": "Efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Meo, S A", "Klonoff, D C", "Akram, J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373993", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also called COVID-19, has caused a pandemic which has swiftly involved the entire world and raised great public health concerns. The scientific community is actively exploring treatments that would potentially be effective in combating COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine has been demonstrated to limit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro. In malarial pandemic countries, chloroquine is widely used to treat malaria. In malarial non-pandemic nations, chloroquine is not widely used. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine share similar chemical structures and mechanisms of action. The aim of this study was to indirectly investigate the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 by determining the prevalence of COVID-19 in malaria pandemic and non-pandemic nations. We sought evidence to support or refute the hypothesis that these drugs could show efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19. We reviewed in vitro studies, in vivo studies, original studies, clinical trials, and consensus reports, that were conducted to evaluate the antiviral activities of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. The studies on \"COVID-19 and its allied treatment were found from World Health Organization (WHO), ISI-Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and clinical trial registries. The search was based on keywords: antiviral drugs, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19, COVID-19 treatment modalities, and coronavirus. In addition, we analyzed the prevalence of COVID-19 in malaria pandemic and non-pandemic countries. The review and analyses were performed on March 28, 2020. For this study, we identified a total of 09 published articles: 03 clinical trials with sample size 150; 03 in vitro studies and 03 expert consensus reports. These studies were all suggestive that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine can successfully treat COVID-19 infections. We found that COVID-19 infections are highly pandemic in countries where malaria is least pandemic and are least pandemic in nations where malaria is highly pandemic. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have antiviral characteristics in vitro. The findings support the hypothesis that these drugs have efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19. People are currently using these drugs for malaria. It is reasonable, given the hypothetical benefit of these two drugs, that they are now being tested in clinical trials to assess their effectiveness to combat this global health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32470862, "pmcid": "PMC7240263", "title": "Coronavirus and quarantine: will we sacrifice our elderly to protect them?", "journal": "Arch Gerontol Geriatr", "authors": ["Bouillon-Minois, Jean-Baptiste", "Lahaye, Clement", "Dutheil, Frederic"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470862", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303711, "title": "COVID-19 Research in Brief: 11 April to 17 April, 2020.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Carvalho, Thiago"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303711", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145216, "pmcid": "PMC7133645", "title": "Clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Yangli", "Chen, Haihong", "Tang, Kejing", "Guo, Yubiao"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145216", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469283, "title": "The future of cancer research after COVID-19 pandemic: recession?", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Kourie, Hampig Raphael", "Eid, Roland", "Haddad, Fady", "Ghosn, Marwan", "Sarkis, Dolla Karam"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469283", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416766, "pmcid": "PMC7255203", "title": "An appeal for practical social justice in the COVID-19 global response in low-income and middle-income countries.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Kelley, Maureen", "Ferrand, Rashida A", "Muraya, Kui", "Chigudu, Simukai", "Molyneux, Sassy", "Pai, Madhukar", "Barasa, Edwine"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333290, "pmcid": "PMC7181399", "title": "The \"piecework anesthetists\" solution to the lack of ventilators during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Samson, Benoit"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333290", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404341, "title": "Response to: 'Patients with lupus are not protected from COVID-19: a comment' by Sawalha, 'No evidence so far on the protective effect of hydroxycloroquin to prevent COVID-19: response to the Comment by Joob and Wiwanitkit' by Romao et al and 'SLE patients are not immune to COVID-19: importance of sending the right message across' by Goyal.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404341", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405150, "pmcid": "PMC7219372", "title": "Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Sanguino, Clara", "Ausin, Berta", "Castellanos, Miguel Angel", "Saiz, Jesus", "Lopez-Gomez, Aida", "Ugidos, Carolina", "Munoz, Manuel"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405150", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic caused by Covid-19 has been an unprecedented social and health emergency worldwide. This is the first study in the scientific literature reporting the psychological impact of the Covid-19 outbreak in a sample of the Spanish population. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey of 3480 people. The presence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was evaluated with screening tests from 14 March. Sociodemographic and Covid-19-related data was collected. Additionally, spiritual well-being, loneliness, social support, discrimination and sense of belonging were assessed. Descriptive analyses were carried out and linear regression models compiled. The 18.7% of the sample revealed depressive, 21.6% anxiety and 15.8% PTSD symptoms. Being in the older age group, having economic stability and the belief that adequate information had been provided about the pandemic were negatively related to depression, anxiety and PTSD. However, female gender, previous diagnoses of mental health problems or neurological disorders, having symptoms associated with the virus, or those with a close relative infected were associated with greater symptomatology in all three variables. Predictive models revealed that the greatest protector for symptomatology was spiritual well-being, while loneliness was the strongest predictor of depression, anxiety and PTSD. The impact on our mental health caused by the pandemic and the measures adopted during the first weeks to deal with it are evident. In addition, it is possible to identify the need of greater psychological support in general and in certain particularly vulnerable groups."}, {"pmid": 32292816, "pmcid": "PMC7104048", "title": "Surveillance to improve evidence for community control decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic - Opening the animal epidemic toolbox for public health.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Foddai, Alessandro", "Lindberg, Ann", "Lubroth, Juan", "Ellis-Iversen, Johanne"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292816", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the first few months of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has reached Europe. Health systems all over the world are trying to control the outbreak in the shortest possible time. Exotic disease outbreaks are not uncommon in animal health and randomised surveillance is frequently used as support for decision-making. This editorial discusses the possibilities of practicing One Health, by using methods from animal health to enhance surveillance for COVID-19 to provide an evidence base fort decision-making in communities and countries."}, {"pmid": 32391662, "title": "[Diagnostic efficacy of three test kits for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Shen, Lihua", "Huang, Fei", "Chen, Xiang", "Xiong, Zuan", "Yang, Xiaoyu", "Li, Hui", "Cheng, Feng", "Guo, Jian", "Gong, Guofu"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391662", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare the diagnostic efficacy among three RT-PCR test kits for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid detection. The throat swab samples from 40 hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 16 hospitalized non-COVID-19 patients were recruited. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid was detected in throat swab samples with RT-PCR test kits from Sansure Biotech (\"Sansure\" for short), Jiangsu Bioperfectus Technologies (\"Bioperfectus\" for short) and BGI Genomics (\"BGI\" for short). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and Kappa value were analyzed. The viral nucleic acid was extracted from the throat swab samples by one-step cleavage and magnetic bead methods, and the efficacy of two extraction methods was also compared. The results of magnetic bead method for nucleic acid extraction by two different extractors (Sansure Natch CS S12C Fully Automated Nucleic Acid Extraction System vs. Tianlong NP968-C Nucleic Acid Extractor) were also compared. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and kappa value were 95.00%, 87.50%, 95.00%, 87.50%and 0.825 for Sansure kit; 90.00%, 87.50%, 94.74%, 77.78%and 0.747 for the Bioperfectus kit, and 82.50%, 81.25%, 91.67%, 65.00%and 0.593 for the BGI kit, respectively. The positive, negative and total coincident rates and kappa value of viral nucleic acid detection results using the samples extracted by one-step cleavage and magnetic bead methods were 95.24%, 100.00%, 96.43%and 0.909, respectively, but the one-step cleavage method took only 25 min, while the magnetic bead method required 180 min. The positive, negative and total coincident rates and kappa value of viral nucleic acid detection results using the samples extracted by the two different nucleic acid extractors were 85.00%, 100.00%, 89.29% and 0.764, respectively. The detection efficacy for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid by the Sansure kit is relatively higher and the one-step cleavage method has advantages of convenient operation and less time consuming."}, {"pmid": 32348404, "title": "What is the role of Primary Health Care in the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Sarti, Thiago Dias", "Lazarini, Welington Serra", "Fontenelle, Leonardo Ferreira", "Almeida, Ana Paula Santana Coelho"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348404", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497341, "title": "Acute complicated type B aortic dissection during the New York City COVID-19 surge.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Ikeda, Shinichiro", "Shih, Michael", "Rhee, Robert Y", "Youdelman, Benjamin A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497341", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in New York City (NYC) is dramatic. COVID-19 cases surged, hospitals expanded to meet capacity, and NYC remains the global epicenter of this pandemic. During this unprecedented time, a young woman with known Marfan syndrome presented with an acute complicated type B aortic dissection to our Aortic Center. Using the provisional extension to induce a complete attachment technique, we treated this patient and quickly discharged her the next day to decrease the risk of COVID-19 infection. Her progress was monitored using frequent phone calls and one office visit at two weeks."}, {"pmid": 32294823, "title": "[Rapid investigation plan of clinical courses and key diagnosis and treatment equipment requirements for the patients of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294823", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307956, "title": "[Ethical decision-making framework for the allocation of scarce mechanical ventilators during the COVID-19 crisis].", "journal": "Harefuah", "authors": ["Peled Raz, Maya"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307956", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349051, "pmcid": "PMC7219831", "title": "Early Acute Respiratory Support for Pregnant Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Pacheco, Luis D", "Saad, Antonio F", "Saade, George"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349051", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting pregnant patients worldwide. Although it appears that the severity of disease is reduced in pregnant patients, some are likely to develop severe disease. Our objective is to summarize the basic initial respiratory support interventions recommended for pregnant patients with infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)."}, {"pmid": 32355892, "pmcid": "PMC7190522", "title": "Radiological findings for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med Clin (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Sanchez-Oro, Raquel", "Torres Nuez, Julio", "Martinez-Sanz, Gloria"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355892", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275256, "title": "Vademecum for the treatment of people with COVID-19. Edition 2.0, 13 March 2020.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Lombardy Section Italian Society Infectious And Tropical Diseases, -"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275256", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of COVID-19 epidemic in Italy, and particularly in Lombardy determined the need to standardize the therapeutic approach in order to offer the same indications for all hospitals in Lombardy. However, no specific drug has been previously approved for the COVID-19 treatment. The Lombardy Section of the Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases provided this \u00abvademecum\u00bb with the aim to explore the current evidence about the drugs likely to be efficacious in the treatment of COVID-19. Moreover, a multidisciplinary group including critical care specialists has been created in order to provide indications about supporting measures and the use of steroids. A new grading scale has been proposed to help patients' stratification according to the severity of the respiratory conditions. Lastly, a collaborating group with immunologists and rheumatologists has been built with the aim of providing some guidance about the use of tocilizumab, a promising option for the treatment of the hyperinflammatory state occurring in most patients affected by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32384909, "pmcid": "PMC7209968", "title": "Our recommendations for acute management of COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Mojoli, Francesco", "Mongodi, Silvia", "Orlando, Anita", "Arisi, Eric", "Pozzi, Marco", "Civardi, Luca", "Tavazzi, Guido", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Iotti, Giorgio Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384909", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321903, "title": "A practice of anesthesia scenario design for emergency cesarean section in patients with COVID-19 infection based on the role of standard patient.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Kang, Yin", "Deng, Longjiao", "Zhang, Dengwen", "Wang, Yuehong", "Wang, Gang", "Mei, Li", "Zhou, Guobin", "Shu, Haihua"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321903", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus (COVID-19) has been characterized as a world pandemic by WHO since March 11, 2020. Although it is likely that COVID-19 transmission is primarily via droplets and close contact, airborne transmission and fecal-oral route remains a possibility. The medical staff working in the operating room, such as anesthesiologists, surgeons and nurses, are at high risk of exposure to virus due to closely contacting patients. The perioperative management is under great challenge while performing surgeries for patients suffering COVID-19, including emergency cesarean section, which is one of the most common surgeries under such circumstances. How to prevent medical staff from cross-infection is an issue of great concern. In this article, we give a practice of anesthesia scenario design for emergency cesarean section in a supposed standard patient suffering COVID-19, aimed to optimize the work flow and implement the protective details through simulation of a real operation scenario, which may be useful for training and clinical practice of anesthesia management for patients suffering COVID-19 or other fulminating infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32278670, "pmcid": "PMC7144603", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 in Spanish Intensive Care Units: Early experience with 15-day survival in Vitoria.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Barrasa, Helena", "Rello, Jordi", "Tejada, Sofia", "Martin, Alejandro", "Balziskueta, Goiatz", "Vinuesa, Cristina", "Fernandez-Miret, Borja", "Villagra, Ana", "Vallejo, Ana", "San Sebastian, Ana", "Cabanes, Sara", "Iribarren, Sebastian", "Fonseca, Fernando", "Maynar, Javier"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278670", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in Spain in February 2020, with 216% intensive care unit (ICU) capacity expanded in Vitoria by March 18th, 2020. We identified patients from the two public hospitals in Vitoria who were admitted to ICU with confirmed infection by SARS-CoV-2. Data reported here were available in April 6th, 2020. Mortality was assessed in those who completed 15-days of ICU stay. We identified 48 patients (27 males) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] age of patients was 63 [51-75] years. Symptoms began a median of 7 [5-12] days before ICU admission. The most common comorbidities identified were obesity (48%), arterial hypertension (44%) and chronic lung disease (37%). All patients were admitted by hypoxemic respiratory failure and none received non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Forty-five (94%) underwent intubation, 3 (6%) high flow nasal therapy (HFNT), 1 (2%) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and 22 (46%) required prone position. After 15 days, 14/45 (31%) intubated patients died (13% within one week), 10/45 (22%) were extubated, and 21/45 (47%) underwent mechanical ventilation. Six patients had documented super-infection. Procalcitonin plasma above 0.5\u03bcg/L was associated with 16% vs. 19% (p=0.78) risk of death after 7 days. This early experience with SARS-CoV-2 in Spain suggests that a strategy of right oxygenation avoiding non-invasive mechanical ventilation was life-saving. Seven-day mortality in SARS-CoV-2 requiring intubation was lower than 15%, with 80% of patients still requiring mechanical ventilation. After 15 days of ICU admission, half of patients remained intubated, whereas one third died."}, {"pmid": 32466163, "title": "Mental Health Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemics and the Mitigation Effects of Exercise: A Longitudinal Study of College Students in China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Zhang, Yao", "Zhang, Haoyu", "Ma, Xindong", "Di, Qian"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466163", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "(1) Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency that has caused worldwide concern. Vast resources have been allocated to control the pandemic and treat patients. However, little attention has been paid to the adverse impact on mental health or effective mitigation strategies to improve mental health. (2) Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the adverse impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on Chinese college students' mental health, understand the underlying mechanisms, and explore feasible mitigation strategies. (3) Methods: During the peak time of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, we conducted longitudinal surveys of sixty-six college students. Structured questionnaires collected information on demographics, physical activity, negative emotions, sleep quality, and aggressiveness level. A mixed-effect model was used to evaluate associations between variables, and the mediating effect of sleep quality was further explored. A generalized additive model was used to determine the dose-response relationships between the COVID-19 death count, physical activity, and negative emotions. (4) Results: The COVID-19 death count showed a direct negative impact on general sleep quality (\u03b2 = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.55, 2.19) and reduced aggressiveness (\u03b2 = -6.57, 95% CI: -12.78, -0.36). In contrast, the COVID-19 death count imposed not a direct but an indirect impact on general negative emotions (indirect effect (IE) = 0.81, p = 0.012), stress (IE = 0.40, p < 0.001), and anxiety (IE = 0.27, p = 0.004) with sleep quality as a mediator. Moreover, physical activity directly alleviated general negative emotions (\u03b2 = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.22, -0.01), and the maximal mitigation effect occurred when weekly physical activity was about 2500 METs. (5) Conclusions: (a) The severity of the COVID-19 outbreak has an indirect effect on negative emotions by affecting sleep quality. (b) A possible mitigation strategy for improving mental health includes taking suitable amounts of daily physical activity and sleeping well."}, {"pmid": 32497290, "title": "Epidemiological evidence for association between higher influenza vaccine uptake in the elderly and lower COVID-19 deaths in Italy.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Marin-Hernandez, Daniela", "Schwartz, Robert E", "Nixon, Douglas F"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497290", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291701, "pmcid": "PMC7155392", "title": "Recommendations for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic from IFSO.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Yang, Wah", "Wang, Cunchuan", "Shikora, Scott", "Kow, Lilian"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291701", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310621, "pmcid": "PMC7158880", "title": "Coronavirus Infections in Children Including COVID-19: An Overview of the Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Options in Children.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Zimmermann, Petra", "Curtis, Nigel"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310621", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of enveloped, single-stranded, zoonotic RNA viruses. Four CoVs commonly circulate among humans: HCoV2-229E, -HKU1, -NL63 and -OC43. However, CoVs can rapidly mutate and recombine leading to novel CoVs that can spread from animals to humans. The novel CoVs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012. The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is currently causing a severe outbreak of disease (termed COVID-19) in China and multiple other countries, threatening to cause a global pandemic. In humans, CoVs mostly cause respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Clinical manifestations range from a common cold to more severe disease such as bronchitis, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure and even death. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 seem to less commonly affect children and to cause fewer symptoms and less severe disease in this age group compared with adults, and are associated with much lower case-fatality rates. Preliminary evidence suggests children are just as likely as adults to become infected with SARS-CoV-2 but are less likely to be symptomatic or develop severe symptoms. However, the importance of children in transmitting the virus remains uncertain. Children more often have gastrointestinal symptoms compared with adults. Most children with SARS-CoV present with fever, but this is not the case for the other novel CoVs. Many children affected by MERS-CoV are asymptomatic. The majority of children infected by novel CoVs have a documented household contact, often showing symptoms before them. In contrast, adults more often have a nosocomial exposure. In this review, we summarize epidemiologic, clinical and diagnostic findings, as well as treatment and prevention options for common circulating and novel CoVs infections in humans with a focus on infections in children."}, {"pmid": 32319151, "pmcid": "PMC7264722", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: some lessons learned about crisis preparedness and management, and the need for international benchmarking to reduce deficits.", "journal": "Environ Microbiol", "authors": ["Timmis, Kenneth", "Brussow, Harald"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319151", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463809, "title": "Universal and Serial Laboratory Testing for SARS-CoV-2 at a Long-Term Care Skilled Nursing Facility for Veterans - Los Angeles, California, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Dora, Amy V", "Winnett, Alexander", "Jatt, Lauren P", "Davar, Kusha", "Watanabe, Mika", "Sohn, Linda", "Kern, Hannah S", "Graber, Christopher J", "Goetz, Matthew B"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463809", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 28, 2020, two residents of a long-term care skilled nursing facility (SNF) at the Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (VAGLAHS) had positive test results for SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing of nasopharyngeal specimens collected on March 26 and March 27. During March 29-April 23, all SNF residents, regardless of symptoms, underwent serial (approximately weekly) nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing, and positive results were communicated to the county health department. All SNF clinical and nonclinical staff members were also screened for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR during March 29-April 10. Nineteen of 99 (19%) residents and eight of 136 (6%) staff members had positive test results for SARS-CoV-2 during March 28-April 10; no further resident cases were identified on subsequent testing on April 13, April 22, and April 23. Fourteen of the 19 residents with COVID-19 were asymptomatic at the time of testing. Among these residents, eight developed symptoms 1-5 days after specimen collection and were later classified as presymptomatic; one of these patients died. This report describes an outbreak of COVID-19 in an SNF, with case identification accomplished by implementing several rounds of RT-PCR testing, permitting rapid isolation of both symptomatic and asymptomatic residents with COVID-19. The outbreak was successfully contained following implementation of this strategy."}, {"pmid": 32359967, "pmcid": "PMC7184015", "title": "Increased risk of ocular injury seen during lockdown due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Cont Lens Anterior Eye", "authors": ["Hamroush, Ahmed", "Qureshi, Madyan", "Shah, Sunil"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359967", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360337, "pmcid": "PMC7194681", "title": "Factors Associated with Preventive Behaviours of COVID-19 among Hospital Staff in Iran in 2020: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Barati, Majid", "Bashirian, Saeed", "Jenabi, Ensiyeh", "Khazaei, Salman", "Karimi-Shahanjarini, Akram", "Zareian, Sepideh", "Rezapur-Shahkolai, Forouzan", "Moeini, Babak"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360337", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study was conducted for predicting preventive behaviours of healthcare workers (HCW) towards Covid-19 based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on 761 HCW in Hamadan, Iran, using multi-stage random sampling. The preventive behaviours against COVID-19 among HCW were assessed at a relatively desirable level. Based on the PMT, threat and coping appraisal were predictors of protection motivation to conduct COVID-19 preventive behaviours (P<0.001). The intention was also predictive of COVID-19 preventive behaviours (P<0.001). Consideration of personnel's self-efficacy and their knowledge regarding the effectiveness of protective behaviours in designing staff training programs are recommended."}, {"pmid": 32428213, "title": "Limiting moral injury in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Roycroft, Matthew", "Wilkes, Daniel", "Pattani, Shriti", "Fleming, Simon", "Olsson-Brown, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428213", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417015, "pmcid": "PMC7203033", "title": "Risk of peripheral arterial thrombosis in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Mestres, Gaspar", "Puigmacia, Roger", "Blanco, Carla", "Yugueros, Xavier", "Esturrica, Montserrat", "Riambau, Vincent"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417015", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511058, "title": "COVID-19 Interview: Dr. Belgin Eroglu Kesim on Women in Science Advancing SARS-CoV-2 Tests-\"One Health\" and Changing the World for the Better.", "journal": "OMICS", "authors": ["Eroglu Kesim, Belgin", "Ozdemir, Vural"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511058", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404493, "title": "COVID-19: some unanswered questions.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Welsby, Philip D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404493", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455512, "title": "[Application and thinking of health standards related to public health in prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xu, X", "Jiang, Y C", "Yang, Y Q", "Zheng, Y M", "Sun, N L", "Tian, C W", "Yao, M J", "Bing, P F", "Li, J", "Lei, S W"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455512", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To systematically analyze the basic characteristics and contents of the current health standards for infectious disease, environmental health, school health and disinfection in the context of COVID-19 prevention and control, and provide support for the further optimization of epidemic prevention and control guidelines and reference for the revision and improvement of related health standards. Methods: Public health standards used in COVID-19 prevention and control were selected for a systematic comparison with \"The Plan of COVID19 Prevention and Control\" (the 6th Edition) and other epidemic prevention and control guidelines from the perspectives of application scope and technical elements. Results: The current standards of public health are with scientificity, timeliness and feasibility. The application scope and technical elements of the current public health standards basically meet the needs of the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, but the public health standardization system still needs improvement, and some public health standards need to be revised. Conclusions: The implementation of current public health standards can provide strong technical support for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic. The experience obtained from COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control might promote the further improvement of the health standardization system."}, {"pmid": 32350060, "pmcid": "PMC7199529", "title": "Changes in contact patterns shape the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Zhang, Juanjuan", "Litvinova, Maria", "Liang, Yuxia", "Wang, Yan", "Wang, Wei", "Zhao, Shanlu", "Wu, Qianhui", "Merler, Stefano", "Viboud, Cecile", "Vespignani, Alessandro", "Ajelli, Marco", "Yu, Hongjie"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350060", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Intense non-pharmaceutical interventions were put in place in China to stop transmission of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). As transmission intensifies in other countries, the interplay between age, contact patterns, social distancing, susceptibility to infection, and COVID-19 dynamics remains unclear. To answer these questions, we analyze contact surveys data for Wuhan and Shanghai before and during the outbreak and contact tracing information from Hunan Province. Daily contacts were reduced 7-8-fold during the COVID-19 social distancing period, with most interactions restricted to the household. We find that children 0-14 years are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than adults 15-64 years of age (odds ratio 0.34, 95%CI 0.24-0.49), while in contrast, individuals over 65 years are more susceptible to infection (odds ratio 1.47, 95%CI: 1.12-1.92). Based on these data, we build a transmission model to study the impact of social distancing and school closure on transmission. We find that social distancing alone, as implemented in China during the outbreak, is sufficient to control COVID-19. While proactive school closures cannot interrupt transmission on their own, they can reduce peak incidence by 40-60% and delay the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32417268, "pmcid": "PMC7227544", "title": "'Led by the science', evidence gaps, and the risks of aerosol transmission of SARS-COV-2.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Simonds, Anita K"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417268", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341719, "pmcid": "PMC7182506", "title": "Covid-19 pandemic by the \"real-time\" monitoring: the Tunisian case and lessons for global epidemics in the context of 3PM strategies.", "journal": "EPMA J", "authors": ["Chaari, Lotfi", "Golubnitschaja, Olga"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341719", "countries": ["China", "Tunisia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 is neither the first nor the last viral epidemic which societies around the world are, were and will be affected by. Which lessons should be taken from the current pandemic situation? The Covid-19 disease is still not well characterised, and many research teams all over the world are working on prediction of the epidemic scenario, protective measures to populations and sub-populations, therapeutic and vaccination issues, amongst others. Contextually, countries with currently low numbers of Covid-19-infected individuals such as Tunisia are intended to take lessons from those countries which already reached the exponential phase of the infection distribution as well as from those which have the exponential phase behind them and record a minor number of new cases such as China. To this end, in Tunisia, the pandemic wave has started with a significant delay compared with Europe, the main economic partner of the country. In this paper, we do analyse the current pandemic situation in this country by studying the infection evolution and considering potential protective strategies to prevent a pandemic scenario. The model is predictive based on a large number of undetected Covid-19 cases that is particularly true for some country regions such as Sfax. Infection distribution and mortality rate analysis demonstrate a highly heterogeneous picture over the country. Qualitative and quantitative comparative analysis leads to a conclusion that the reliable \"real-time\" monitoring based on the randomised laboratory tests is the optimal predictive strategy to create the most effective evidence-based preventive measures. In contrast, lack of tests may lead to incorrect political decisions causing either unnecessary over-protection of the population that is risky for a long-term economic recession, or under-protection of the population leading to a post-containment pandemic rebound. Recommendations are provided in the context of advanced predictive, preventive and personalised (3P)\u00a0medical approach."}, {"pmid": 32087216, "pmcid": "PMC7130311", "title": "A Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Call for Action.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Zhang, Yi", "Xu, Jiuyang", "Li, Hui", "Cao, Bin"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087216", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408731, "title": "Covid-19 infection in kidney transplant recipients: endocrine and metabolic issues.", "journal": "Minerva Endocrinol", "authors": ["Sarno, Gerardo", "Montalti, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408731", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179910, "pmcid": "PMC7184401", "title": "Clinical Outcomes in 55 Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Who Were Asymptomatic at Hospital Admission in Shenzhen, China.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Yanrong", "Liu, Yingxia", "Liu, Lei", "Wang, Xianfeng", "Luo, Nijuan", "Li, Ling"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179910", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An epidemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread unexpectedly in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, since December 2019. There are few reports about asymptomatic contacts of infected patients identified as positive for SARS-CoV-2 through screening. We studied the epidemiological and clinical outcomes in 55 asymptomatic carriers who were laboratory confirmed to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 through nucleic acid testing of pharyngeal swab samples. The asymptomatic carriers seldom occurred among young people (aged 18-29 years) who had close contact with infected family members. In the majority of patients, the outcome was mild or ordinary 2019 novel coronavirus disease during hospitalization."}, {"pmid": 32288968, "pmcid": "PMC7128746", "title": "A data driven time-dependent transmission rate for tracking an epidemic: a case study of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Sci Bull (Beijing)", "authors": ["Huang, Norden E", "Qiao, Fangli"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288968", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493734, "title": "New spectrum of COVID-19 manifestations in children: Kawasaki-like syndrome and hyperinflammatory response.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Panupattanapong, Sirada", "Brooks, Elizabeth B"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493734", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since late April 2020, data regarding Kawasaki-like syndrome and hyperinflammatory response in children associated with COVID-19 has rapidly emerged. Much remains unknown about the risk factors, pathogenesis, prognosis, and specific therapy for this emerging manifestation of COVID-19 known as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). MIS-C is rare and early recognition is crucial though no standardized treatment guideline have been established. Worldwide collaboration will be important as more cases are recognized going forward."}, {"pmid": 32409866, "pmcid": "PMC7224589", "title": "We Asked the Experts: Virtual Learning in Surgical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic-Shaping the Future of Surgical Education and Training.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Ehrlich, Haley", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409866", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492613, "pmcid": "PMC7247458", "title": "COVID-19's impact on the atmospheric environment in the Southeast Asia region.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Kanniah, Kasturi Devi", "Kamarul Zaman, Nurul Amalin Fatihah", "Kaskaoutis, Dimitris G", "Latif, Mohd Talib"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492613", "countries": ["China", "Malaysia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its first appearance in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, the new coronavirus (COVID-19) has evolved a global pandemic within three months, with more than 4.3 million confirmed cases worldwide until mid-May 2020. As many countries around the world, Malaysia and other southeast Asian (SEA) countries have also enforced lockdown at different degrees to contain the spread of the disease, which has brought some positive effects on natural environment. Therefore, evaluating the reduction in anthropogenic emissions due to COVID-19 and the related governmental measures to restrict its expansion is crucial to assess its impacts on air pollution and economic growth. In this study, we used aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations from Himawari-8 satellite, along with tropospheric NO2 column density from Aura-OMI over SEA, and ground-based pollution measurements at several stations across Malaysia, in order to quantify the changes in aerosol and air pollutants associated with the general shutdown of anthropogenic and industrial activities due to COVID-19. The lockdown has led to a notable decrease in AOD over SEA and in the pollution outflow over the oceanic regions, while a significant decrease (27% - 30%) in tropospheric NO2 was observed over areas not affected by seasonal biomass burning. Especially in Malaysia, PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and CO concentrations have been decreased by 26-31%, 23-32%, 63-64%, 9-20%, and 25-31%, respectively, in the urban areas during the lockdown phase, compared to the same periods in 2018 and 2019. Notable reductions are also seen at industrial, suburban and rural sites across the country. Quantifying the reductions in major and health harmful air pollutants is crucial for health-related research and for air-quality and climate-change studies."}, {"pmid": 32165562, "title": "Genome analyses help track coronavirus' moves.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Kupferschmidt, Kai"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165562", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222158, "pmcid": "PMC7194529", "title": "A citizen's thoughts about COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chow, Ronald"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222158", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522369, "title": "Surgealousy.", "journal": "J Surg Res", "authors": ["Connolly, Margaret R"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522369", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Answering the call to care for patients with COVID-19 stirs a range of emotions. This perspective explores an individual surgical resident's early experience in the coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32289214, "pmcid": "PMC7175425", "title": "Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Icelandic Population.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Gudbjartsson, Daniel F", "Helgason, Agnar", "Jonsson, Hakon", "Magnusson, Olafur T", "Melsted, Pall", "Norddahl, Gudmundur L", "Saemundsdottir, Jona", "Sigurdsson, Asgeir", "Sulem, Patrick", "Agustsdottir, Arna B", "Eiriksdottir, Berglind", "Fridriksdottir, Run", "Gardarsdottir, Elisabet E", "Georgsson, Gudmundur", "Gretarsdottir, Olafia S", "Gudmundsson, Kjartan R", "Gunnarsdottir, Thora R", "Gylfason, Arnaldur", "Holm, Hilma", "Jensson, Brynjar O", "Jonasdottir, Aslaug", "Jonsson, Frosti", "Josefsdottir, Kamilla S", "Kristjansson, Thordur", "Magnusdottir, Droplaug N", "le Roux, Louise", "Sigmundsdottir, Gudrun", "Sveinbjornsson, Gardar", "Sveinsdottir, Kristin E", "Sveinsdottir, Maney", "Thorarensen, Emil A", "Thorbjornsson, Bjarni", "Love, Arthur", "Masson, Gisli", "Jonsdottir, Ingileif", "Moller, Alma D", "Gudnason, Thorolfur", "Kristinsson, Karl G", "Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur", "Stefansson, Kari"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289214", "countries": ["Iceland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the current worldwide pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) was first diagnosed in Iceland at the end of February. However, data are limited on how SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19, enters and spreads in a population. We targeted testing to persons living in Iceland who were at high risk for infection (mainly those who were symptomatic, had recently traveled to high-risk countries, or had contact with infected persons). We also carried out population screening using two strategies: issuing an open invitation to 10,797 persons and sending random invitations to 2283 persons. We sequenced SARS-CoV-2 from 643 samples. As of April 4, a total of 1221 of 9199 persons (13.3%) who were recruited for targeted testing had positive results for infection with SARS-CoV-2. Of those tested in the general population, 87 (0.8%) in the open-invitation screening and 13 (0.6%) in the random-population screening tested positive for the virus. In total, 6% of the population was screened. Most persons in the targeted-testing group who received positive tests early in the study had recently traveled internationally, in contrast to those who tested positive later in the study. Children under 10 years of age were less likely to receive a positive result than were persons 10 years of age or older, with percentages of 6.7% and 13.7%, respectively, for targeted testing; in the population screening, no child under 10 years of age had a positive result, as compared with 0.8% of those 10 years of age or older. Fewer females than males received positive results both in targeted testing (11.0% vs. 16.7%) and in population screening (0.6% vs. 0.9%). The haplotypes of the sequenced SARS-CoV-2 viruses were diverse and changed over time. The percentage of infected participants that was determined through population screening remained stable for the 20-day duration of screening. In a population-based study in Iceland, children under 10 years of age and females had a lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection than adolescents or adults and males. The proportion of infected persons identified through population screening did not change substantially during the screening period, which was consistent with a beneficial effect of containment efforts. (Funded by deCODE Genetics-Amgen.)."}, {"pmid": 32353760, "pmcid": "PMC7195328", "title": "Comparison of the Panther Fusion and a laboratory-developed test targeting the envelope gene for detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Hogan, Catherine A", "Sahoo, Malaya K", "Huang, ChunHong", "Garamani, Natasha", "Stevens, Bryan", "Zehnder, James", "Pinsky, Benjamin A"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353760", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Numerous nucleic acid amplification assays have recently received emergency use authorization (EUA) for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and there is a need to assess their test performance relative to one another. The aim of this study was to compare the test performance of the Hologic Panther Fusion SARS-CoV-2 assay targeting two regions of open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab) to a high complexity molecular-based, laboratory-developed EUA from Stanford Health Care (SHC) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) gene. We performed a diagnostic comparison study by testing nasopharyngeal samples on the two assays. Assay agreement was assessed by overall percent agreement and Cohen's kappa coefficient. A total of 184 nasopharyngeal samples were tested using the two assays, of which 180 showed valid results and were included for the comparative analysis. Overall percent agreement between the assays was 98.3 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 95.2-99.7) and kappa coefficient was 0.97 (95 % CI 0.93-1.0). One sample was detected on the SHC laboratory developed test (LDT) and not on the Panther Fusion, and had a Ct of 35.9. Conversely, 2 samples were detected on the Panther Fusion and not on the LDT, and had Ct values of 37.2 and 36.6. The Panther Fusion SARS-CoV-2 assay and the SHC LDT perform similarly on clinical nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Other considerations, including reagent availability, turnaround time, labor requirements, cost and instrument throughput should guide the decision of which assay to perform."}, {"pmid": 32425467, "pmcid": "PMC7227492", "title": "A Geriatric Psychiatry Virtual Rotation during Covid-19.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Collier, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425467", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410167, "pmcid": "PMC7224162", "title": "Vertebral compression fractures in multiple myeloma: redefining the priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Aging Clin Exp Res", "authors": ["Giorgi, P D", "Schiro, G R", "Capitani, D", "D'Aliberti, G", "Gallazzi, E"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410167", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448098, "title": "Structural and simulation analysis of hotspot residues interactions of SARS-CoV 2 with human ACE2 receptor.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Veeramachaneni, Ganesh Kumar", "Thunuguntla, V B S C", "Bobbillapati, Janakiram", "Bondili, Jayakumar Singh"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448098", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel corona virus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV 2) pandemic outbreak was alarming. The binding of SARS-CoV (CoV) spike protein (S-Protein) Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) to Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor initiates the entry of corona virus into the host cells leading to the infection. However, considering the mutations reported in the SARS-CoV 2 (nCoV), the structural changes and the binding interactions of the S-protein RBD of nCoV were not clear. The present study was designed to elucidate the structural changes, hot spot binding residues and their interactions between the nCoV S-protein RBD and ACE2 receptor through computational approaches. Based on the sequence alignment, a total of 58 residues were found mutated in nCoV S-protein RBD. These mutations led to the structural changes in the nCoV S-protein RBD 3d structure with 4 helices, 10 sheets and intermittent loops. The nCoV RBD was found binding to ACE2 receptor with 11 hydrogen bonds and 1 salt bridge. The major hot spot amino acids involved in the binding identified by interaction analysis after simulations includes Glu 35, Tyr 83, Asp 38, Lys 31, Glu 37, His 34 amino acid residues of ACE2 receptor and Gln 493, Gln 498, Asn 487, Tyr 505 and Lys 417 residues in nCoV S-protein RBD. Based on the hydrogen bonding, RMSD and RMSF, total and potential energies, the nCoV was found binding to ACE2 receptor with higher stability and rigidity. Concluding, the hotspots information will be useful in designing blockers for the nCoV spike protein RBD. [Formula: see text]Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32530929, "title": "Rapid detection of novel coronavirus/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Lamb, Laura E", "Bartolone, Sarah N", "Ward, Elijah", "Chancellor, Michael B"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530929", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel Corona virus/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV), and the subsequent disease caused by the virus (coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19), is an emerging global health concern that requires a rapid diagnostic test. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is currently the standard for SARS-CoV-2 detection; however, Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) may allow for faster and cheaper field based testing at point-of-risk. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid screening diagnostic test that could be completed in 30-45 minutes. Simulated patient samples were generated by spiking serum, urine, saliva, oropharyngeal swabs, and nasopharyngeal swabs with a portion of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic sequence. RNA isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs collected from actual COVID-19 patients was also tested. The samples were tested using RT-LAMP as well as by conventional qRT-PCR. Specificity of the RT-LAMP was evaluated by also testing against other related coronaviruses. RT-LAMP specifically detected SARS-CoV-2 in both simulated patient samples and clinical specimens. This test was performed in 30-45 minutes. This approach could be used for monitoring of exposed individuals or potentially aid with screening efforts in the field and potential ports of entry."}, {"pmid": 32423895, "title": "Managing Ramadan queries in COVID-19.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Waqar, Salman", "Ghouri, Nazim"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423895", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32015560, "pmcid": "PMC7095972", "title": "Communication, collaboration and cooperation can stop the 2019 coronavirus.", "journal": "Nat Med", "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32015560", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534143, "title": "Estimating the undetected infections in the Covid-19 outbreak by harnessing capture-recapture methods.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bohning, Dankmar", "Rocchetti, Irene", "Maruotti, Antonello", "Holling, Heinz"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534143", "countries": ["Austria"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A major open question, affecting the decisions of policy makers, is the estimation of the true number of Covid-19 infections. Most of them are undetected, because of a large number of asymptomatic cases. We provide an efficient, easy to compute and robust lower bound estimator for the number of undetected cases. A modified version of the Chao estimator is proposed, based on the cumulative time-series distributions of cases and deaths. Heterogeneity has been addressed by assuming a geometrical distribution underlying the data generation process. An (approximated) analytical variance of the estimator has been derived to compute reliable confidence intervals at 95% level. A motivating application to the Austrian situation is provided and compared with an independent and representative study on prevalence of Covid-19 infection. Our estimates match well with the results from the independent prevalence study, but the capture-recapture estimate has less uncertainty involved as it is based on a larger sample size. Results from other European countries are mentioned in the discussion. The estimated ratio of the total estimated cases to the observed cases is around the value of 2.3 for all the analyzed countries. The proposed method answers to a fundamental open question: \"How many undetected cases are going around?\". CR methods provide a straightforward solution to shed light on undetected cases, incorporating heterogeneity that may arise in the probability of being detected."}, {"pmid": 32509258, "pmcid": "PMC7267810", "title": "COVID-19: hemoglobin, iron, and hypoxia beyond inflammation. A narrative review.", "journal": "Clin Pract", "authors": ["Cavezzi, Attilio", "Troiani, Emidio", "Corrao, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509258", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has been regarded as an infective-inflammatory disease, which affects mainly lungs. More recently, a multi-organ involvement has been highlighted, with different pathways of injury. A hemoglobinopathy, hypoxia and cell iron overload might have a possible additional role. Scientific literature has pointed out two potential pathophysiological mechanisms: i) severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV- 2) interaction with hemoglobin molecule, through CD147, CD26 and other receptors located on erythrocyte and/or blood cell precursors; ii) hepcidin-mimetic action of a viral spike protein, inducing ferroportin blockage. In this translational medicinebased narrative review, the following pathologic metabolic pathways, deriving from hemoglobin denaturation and iron metabolism dysregulation, are highlighted: i) decrease of functioning hemoglobin quote; ii) iron overload in cell/tissue (hyperferritinemia); iii) release of free toxic circulating heme; iv) hypoxemia and systemic hypoxia; v) reduction of nitric oxide; vi) coagulation activation; vii) ferroptosis with oxidative stress and lipoperoxidation; viii) mitochondrial degeneration and apoptosis. A few clinical syndromes may follow, such as pulmonary edema based on arterial vasoconstriction and altered alveolo-capillary barrier, sideroblastic-like anemia, endotheliitis, vasospastic acrosyndrome, and arterio- venous thromboembolism. We speculated that in COVID-19, beyond the classical pulmonary immune-inflammation view, the occurrence of an oxygen-deprived blood disease, with iron metabolism dysregulation, should be taken in consideration. A more comprehensive diagnostic/therapeutic approach to COVID-19 is proposed, including potential adjuvant interventions aimed at improving hemoglobin dysfunction, iron over-deposit and generalized hypoxic state."}, {"pmid": 32379115, "pmcid": "PMC7219834", "title": "What's Important: Weathering the COVID-19 Crisis: Time for Leadership, Vigilance, and Unity.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Halawi, Mohamad J", "Wang, Daniel D", "Hunt, Thomas R 3rd"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379115", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179000, "pmcid": "PMC7270642", "title": "Long-Term Care Facilities and the Coronavirus Epidemic: Practical Guidelines for a Population at Highest Risk.", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Dosa, David", "Jump, Robin L P", "LaPlante, Kerry", "Gravenstein, Stefan"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179000", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361706, "title": "Mental health framework: coronavirus pandemic in post-Katrina New Orleans.", "journal": "J Inj Violence Res", "authors": ["Shervington, Denese O", "Richardson, Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361706", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction defines disaster risk as the \"likelihood of loss of life, injury or destruction and damage from a disaster in a given period, and a product of the complex interactions that generate conditions of exposure, vulnerability and hazard\". Racial and ethnic minorities in the United States have been shown to have increased vulnerability and risk to disasters due to links between racism, vulnerability, and economic power, based on disadvantage related to different disaster stages: 1) reduced perception of personal disaster risk; 2) lack of preparedness; 3) reduced access and response to warning systems; 4) increased physical impacts due to substandard housing; 5) likelihood of poorer psychological outcomes; 6) cultural insensitivity on the part of emergency workers; 7) marginalization, lower socio-economic status, and less familiarity with support resources leading to protracted recovery; and 8) diminished standard of living, job loss, and exacerbated poverty during reconstruction and community rebuilding. Moreover, given that psychiatric morbidity is predictable in populations exposed to disasters, mental health and psychosocial support programs should increasingly become a standard part of a humanitarian response. In the crisis and immediate recovery phase of disasters, the focus should be on making survivors feel safe and giving them assistance in decreasing their anxiety by addressing their basic needs and welfare. So, it is critical that governmental institutions, business, and non-profit organizations proactively find mechanisms to work collaboratively and share resources. Special attention and extra resources must be directed towards vulnerable and marginalized populations. In this editorial we share lessons learned from experiencing disproportionate impact of health crisis and advocate for the notion that recovery efforts must address trauma at individual, interpersonal and community levels, and be based in a healing justice framework."}, {"pmid": 32474381, "pmcid": "PMC7248625", "title": "Is anosmia the price to pay in an immune-induced scorched-earth policy against COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Le Bon, S D", "Horoi, M"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474381", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), loss of smell has increasingly been reported as a frequent clinical sign. Understanding the underlying mechanism and the prognostic value of this symptom will help better manage patients. SARS-CoV-2, as SARS-CoV-1, may likely spread to the central nervous system (CNS) via the olfactory nerve, a known gateway for respiratory neurotropic viruses. We hypothesise that sudden loss of smell due to COVID-19 is the consequence of a protective host defence mechanism involving apoptosis of olfactory receptor neurons. Sacrificing smelling over neuroprotection is a logical strategy, even more so as olfaction is the only sense with the ability to regenerate in adults. Induced apoptosis of olfactory neurons has been shown in mice, successfully preventing neuroinvasion. On the other hand, adult olfactory neurogenesis has been shown to be regulated in part by the immune system, allowing to restore olfactory function. Understanding anosmia as part of a defence mechanism would support the concept of sudden anosmia as being a positive prognostic factor in the short term. Also, it may orient research to investigate the risk of future neurodegenerative disease linked to persisting coronavirus in neurons."}, {"pmid": 32291227, "pmcid": "PMC7128648", "title": "Physiotherapists during COVID-19: usual business, in unusual times.", "journal": "J Physiother", "authors": ["Haines, Kimberley J", "Berney, Sue"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291227", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531777, "title": "Breath analysis for detection of viral infection, the current position of the field.", "journal": "J Breath Res", "authors": ["Gould, Oliver", "Ratcliffe, Norman", "Krol, Ewelina", "de Lacy Costello, Ben P J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531777", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of rapid, cost effective, accurate, and non-invasive testing for viral infections. Volatile compounds (VCs) have been suggested for several decades as fulfilling these criteria. However currently very little work has been done in trying to diagnose viral infections using VCs. Much of the work carried out to date involves the differentiation of bacterial and viral sources of infection and often the detection of bacterial and viral co-infection. However, this has usually been done in vitro and very little work has involved the use of human participants. Viruses hijack the host cell metabolism and do not produce their own metabolites so identifying virus specific VCs is at best a challenging task. However, there are proteins and lipids that are potential candidates as markers of viral infection. The current understanding is that host cell glycolysis is upregulated under viral infection to increase the available energy for viral replication. There is some evidence that viral infection leads to the increase of production of fatty acids, alkanes, and alkanes related products. For instance, 2,3-butandione, aldehydes, 2,8-dimethyl-undecane and n-propyl acetate have all been correlated with viral infection. Currently, the literature points to markers of oxidative stress (e.g. nitric oxide, aldehydes etc) being the most useful in the determination of viral infection. The issue, however, is that there are also many other conditions that can lead to oxidative stress markers being produced. In this review a range of (mainly mass spectrometric) methods are discussed for viral detection in breath, including breath condensate. Currently MALDI-ToF-MS is likely to be the preferred method for the identification of viral strains and variants of those strains, however it is limited by its need for the viral strains to have been sequenced and logged in a database."}, {"pmid": 32518104, "title": "Restarting gastrointestinal endoscopy in the deceleration and early recovery phases of COVID-19 pandemic: Guidance from the British Society of Gastroenterology.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Rees, Colin J", "East, James E", "Oppong, Kofi", "Veitch, Andrew", "McAlindon, Mark", "Anderson, John", "Hayee, Bu", "Edwards, Cathryn", "McKinlay, Alastair", "Penman, Ian"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518104", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many non-emergency clinical services were suspended during COVID-19 pandemic peak. It is essential to develop a plan for restarting services following the peak. It is equally important to protect patients and staff and to use resources and personal protective equipment (PPE) efficiently. The British Society of Gastroenterology Endoscopy Committee and Quality Improvement Programme has produced guidance on how a restart can be safely delivered. Key recommendations include the following: all patients should have need for endoscopy assessed by senior clinicians and prioritised according to criteria we have outlined; once the need for endoscopy is confirmed, patients should undergo telephone screening for symptoms using systematic questionnaires; all outpatients should undergo RT-PCR testing for COVID-19 virus 1-3 days prior to endoscopy; and PPE should be determined by patient risk stratification, the nature of the procedure and the results of testing. While this guidance is tailored to endoscopy services, it could be adapted for any interventional medical discipline."}, {"pmid": 32169574, "pmcid": "PMC7128929", "title": "A commentary on \"World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Shah, Syed Ghulam Sarwar", "Farrow, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169574", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463367, "pmcid": "PMC7268668", "title": "Online Information Exchange and Anxiety Spread in the Early Stage of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak in South Korea: Structural Topic Model and Network Analysis.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Jo, Wonkwang", "Lee, Jaeho", "Park, Junli", "Kim, Yeol"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463367", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In case of a population-wide infectious disease outbreak, such as the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), people's online activities could significantly affect public concerns and health behaviors due to difficulty in accessing credible information from reliable sources, which in turn causes people to seek necessary information on the web. Therefore, measuring and analyzing online health communication and public sentiment is essential for establishing effective and efficient disease control policies, especially in the early stage of an outbreak. This study aimed to investigate the trends of online health communication, analyze the focus of people's anxiety in the early stages of COVID-19, and evaluate the appropriateness of online information. We collected 13,148 questions and 29,040 answers related to COVID-19 from Naver, the most popular Korean web portal (January 20, 2020, to March 2, 2020). Three main methods were used in this study: (1) the structural topic model was used to examine the topics in the online questions; (2) word network analysis was conducted to analyze the focus of people's anxiety and worry in the questions; and (3) two medical doctors assessed the appropriateness of the answers to the questions, which were primarily related to people's anxiety. A total of 50 topics and 6 cohesive topic communities were identified from the questions. Among them, topic community 4 (suspecting COVID-19 infection after developing a particular symptom) accounted for the largest portion of the questions. As the number of confirmed patients increased, the proportion of topics belonging to topic community 4 also increased. Additionally, the prolonged situation led to a slight increase in the proportion of topics related to job issues. People's anxieties and worries were closely related with physical symptoms and self-protection methods. Although relatively appropriate to suspect physical symptoms, a high proportion of answers related to self-protection methods were assessed as misinformation or advertisements. Search activity for online information regarding the COVID-19 outbreak has been active. Many of the online questions were related to people's anxieties and worries. A considerable portion of corresponding answers had false information or were advertisements. The study results could contribute reference information to various countries that need to monitor public anxiety and provide appropriate information in the early stage of an infectious disease outbreak, including COVID-19. Our research also contributes to developing methods for measuring public opinion and sentiment in an epidemic situation based on natural language data on the internet."}, {"pmid": 32379312, "pmcid": "PMC7239200", "title": "What COVID-19 is taking away from us.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Mapelli, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379312", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501513, "title": "How to Rapidly Determine First-in-Children Dosing for COVID-19 Therapeutics.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Watt, Kevin M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501513", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523926, "pmcid": "PMC7279910", "title": "Stress Cardiomyopathy in COVID-19 Disease.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Pasqualetto, Maria Cristina", "Secco, Eleonora", "Nizzetto, Manuele", "Scevola, Moreno", "Altafini, Lorella", "Cester, Alberto", "Rigo, Fausto"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523926", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia may develop stress cardiomyopathy, also known as Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), at different stages during the disease and with different degrees of left ventricular dysfunction. We describe three cases of TTS in COVID-19-positive patients with different clinical presentations and outcomes. One of them died, while in the other two coronary angiography confirmed the diagnosis but was postponed until after pneumonia resolution because of the risk of virus spread. An association between COVID-19 and cardiac involvement is highlighted.The incidence of Takotsubo syndrome has increased during this pandemic, possibly because it is caused by acute stress."}, {"pmid": 32302399, "pmcid": "PMC7188148", "title": "A COVID-19 Patient Who Underwent Endonasal Endoscopic Pituitary Adenoma Resection: A Case Report.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Zhu, Wende", "Huang, Xing", "Zhao, Hongyang", "Jiang, Xiaobing"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302399", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A pituitary adenoma patient who underwent surgery in our department was diagnosed with COVID-19 and 14 medical staff were confirmed infected later. This case has been cited several times but without accuracy or entirety, we feel obligated to report it and share our thoughts on the epidemic among medical staff and performing endonasal endoscopic surgery during COVID-19 pandemic. The patient developed a fever 3 d post endonasal endoscopic surgery during which cerebrospinal leak occurred, and was confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection later. Several medical staff outside the operating room were diagnosed with COVID-19, while the ones who participated in the surgery were not. The deceptive nature of COVID-19 results from its most frequent onset symptom, fever, a clich\u00e9 in neurosurgery, which makes it hard for surgeons to differentiate. The COVID-19 epidemic among medical staff in our department was deemed as postoperative rather than intraoperative transmission, and attributed to not applying sufficient personal airway protection. Proper personal protective equipment and social distancing between medical staff contributed to limiting epidemic since the initial outbreak. Emergency endonasal endoscopic surgeries are feasible since COVID-19 is still supposed to be containable when the surgeries are performed in negative pressure operating rooms with personal protective equipment and the patients are kept under quarantine postoperatively. However, we do not encourage elective surgeries during this pandemic, which might put patients in conditions vulnerable to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32379319, "pmcid": "PMC7239172", "title": "Letter: Evaluation and Surgical Treatment of Functional Neurosurgery Patients With Implanted Deep Brain Stimulation and Vagus Nerve Stimulation Pulse Generators During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Gross, Robert E", "Buetefisch, Cathrin M", "Miocinovic, Svjetlana", "Bullinger, Katie L", "Okun, Michael S", "Ostrem, Jill L", "Foote, Kelly D", "Starr, Phillip A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379319", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339883, "pmcid": "PMC7181977", "title": "Non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies for outbreak of COVID-19 in Hangzhou, China.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Kong, Q", "Jin, H", "Sun, Z", "Kao, Q", "Chen, J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339883", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464110, "pmcid": "PMC7247781", "title": "Human rights protections are needed alongside PPE for health-care workers responding to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Amon, Joseph J"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464110", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424745, "pmcid": "PMC7234446", "title": "SARS-COV-2 infection in children and newborns: a systematic review.", "journal": "Eur J Pediatr", "authors": ["Liguoro, Ilaria", "Pilotto, Chiara", "Bonanni, Margherita", "Ferrari, Maria Elena", "Pusiol, Anna", "Nocerino, Agostino", "Vidal, Enrico", "Cogo, Paola"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424745", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent outbreak of a novel Coronavirus responsible for a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading globally. The aim of this study was to systematically review main clinical characteristics and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in pediatric age. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed database. Papers published between 1 January and 1 May 2020 including children aged 0-18\u00a0years were selected. Sixty-two studies and three reviews were included, with a total sample size of 7480 children (2428/4660 males, 52.1%; weighted mean age 7.6\u00a0years). Patients showed mainly mild (608/1432, 42.5%) and moderate (567/1432, 39.6%) signs of the infection. About 2% of children were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. The most commonly described symptoms were fever (51.6%) and cough (47.3%). Laboratory findings were often unremarkable. Children underwent a chest CT scan in 73.9% of all cases, and 32.7% resulted normal. Overall, the estimated mortality was 0.08%. A higher proportion of newborns was severely ill (12%) and dyspnea was the most common reported sign (40%).Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 affects children less severely than adults. Laboratory and radiology findings are mainly nonspecific. Larger epidemiological and clinical cohort studies are needed to better understand possible implications of COVID-19 infection in children.What is Known:\u2022 A novel Coronavirus has been recently identified as responsible for a new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) spreading globally.\u2022 There is limited evidence on SARS-CoV2 infection in children.What is New:\u2022 Systematically reviewed available evidence showed that children with SARS-CoV-2 infection may have a less severe pattern of disease in comparison to adults.\u2022 Blood tests and radiology findings are mainly nonspecific in children but may help to identify those who are severely ill."}, {"pmid": 32409499, "title": "Obesity Is a Risk Factor for Greater COVID-19 Severity.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Gao, Feng", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Wang, Xiao-Bo", "Sun, Qing-Feng", "Pan, Ke-Hua", "Wang, Ting-Yao", "Chen, Yong-Ping", "Targher, Giovanni", "Byrne, Christopher D", "George, Jacob", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409499", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522296, "title": "Risk following a SARS-CoV-2 exposure from a nocturnal hemodialysis patient utilizing continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Lowe, Christopher F", "Kiaii, Mercedeh", "Aparicio, Laila", "Chinybaeva, Leila", "Coughlin, Sandy", "Sekirov, Inna", "Morshed, Muhammad", "Leung, Victor"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522296", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504135, "pmcid": "PMC7274567", "title": "Point-of-care lung ultrasound in three neonates with COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Pediatr", "authors": ["Gregorio-Hernandez, R", "Escobar-Izquierdo, A B", "Cobas-Pazos, J", "Martinez-Gimeno, A"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504135", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since March 2020, the world is involved in the COVID-19 pandemic, a disease caused by a novel virus called SARS-CoV-2. Some authors have described the ultrasonographic findings of COVID-19 pneumonia in adults and children, but data on neonates are lacking. Our objective was to describe the ultrasonographic lung pattern on newborns with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Newborns who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 PCR in respiratory samples and were evaluated with point-of-care lung ultrasound (LU) from March to April 2020 were included. LU was performed bedside by a single investigator at the time of diagnosis and every 48 h during the first week following diagnosis. Six areas were studied. Three neonates were included. Infants' comorbidities included meconium aspiration syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and Hirschsprung's disease. One required mechanical ventilation. No deaths occurred. LU showed B-lines, consolidation, and spared areas. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion was observedConclusions: LU could be of value when managing COVID-19 neonates. We describe the findings of lung ultrasound monitoring during the first week following diagnosis in three neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection.What is known:\u2022 Lung ultrasound (LU) is a useful tool in COVID-19 management in adults. To date, no report on LU and neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection has been published.What is new:\u2022 This study adds evidence about LU findings in neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32314551, "title": "Transplant programs during COVID-19: Unintended consequences for health inequality.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Sharma, Shivani", "Lawrence, Christopher", "Giovinazzo, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314551", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497794, "pmcid": "PMC7263219", "title": "Social consequences of COVID-19 in a low resource setting in Sierra Leone, West Africa.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Buonsenso, Danilo", "Cinicola, Bianca", "Raffaelli, Francesca", "Sollena, Pietro", "Iodice, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497794", "countries": ["Sierra Leone"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Economical and psychological consequences of the lockdown in low-resource setting in rural Africa are unknown. We drafted a survey in order to address the social impact of COVID-19 lockdown on a rural village in Sierra Leone. The survey developed by the study group and translated in the local language, distributed to the householders of the village on April 13th and responses collected on April 14th, when Sierra Leone was on day 11 of lockdown. The questions aimed to assess in the community the following items: age group, main activities before lockdown, change in income and ability to feed the family during lockdown, anxiety during lockdown. 78 householders (100% of Bureh Town) replied. All, expect one, declared a 51-80% (19.2%) to 81-100% (79.4%) reduction of weekly income compared with the pre-lockdown period, declaring difficulties in providing food for the family members (82%), and anxiety (60%). Our analyses showed that people lost their jobs and have difficulties in providing food for their families."}, {"pmid": 32517463, "title": "Impact of Spanish Public Health Measures on Emergency Visits and COVID- 19 diagnosed cases during the pandemic in Madrid.", "journal": "Rev Esp Quimioter", "authors": ["Martin-Sanchez, F J", "Valls Carbo, A", "Lopez Picado, A", "Martinez-Valero, C", "Miranda, J D", "Leal Pozuleo, J M", "Gonzalez Del Castillo, J"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517463", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Changes in Public Health recommendations may have changed the number of emergency visits and COVID-19 diagnosed cases in an Emergency Department in Madrid. This retrospective case series study included all consecutive patients in a tertiary and urban ED in Madrid from 1st to 31st March. The sample was divided: NonCOVID-19, Non-investigated COVID-19, Possible COVID-19, Probable COVID-19, Confirmed COVID-19. Differences between public health periods were tested by ANOVA for each cohort, and by ANCOVA including the number of PCR tests (%) as covariate. A total of 7,163 (4,071 Non-COVID-19, 563 Non-investigated COVID-19, 870 Possible, 648 Probable and 1,011 Confirmed COVID-19) cases were included. Public Health measurements applied during each period showed a clear effect on the case proportion for the five cohorts. The variability of case definitions and diagnostic test criteria may have impact on the number of emergency visits and COVID-19 diagnosed cases in Emergency Department."}, {"pmid": 32241778, "title": "Lessons from the Experience in Wuhan to Reduce Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Patients Undergoing Long-Term Hemodialysis.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Li, Junhua", "Xu, Gang"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241778", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450986, "pmcid": "PMC7244408", "title": "Research and Publishing in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Injury", "authors": ["Civil, Ian D", "Giannoudis, Peter V"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450986", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32119807, "title": "Imported Novel Coronavirus Infections: Observation on Active and Passive Case Detection in Thailand.", "journal": "Popul Health Manag", "authors": ["Sookaromdee, Pathum", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119807", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293716, "pmcid": "PMC7262119", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 3,062 COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhu, Jieyun", "Ji, Pan", "Pang, Jielong", "Zhong, Zhimei", "Li, Hongyuan", "He, Cuiying", "Zhang, Jianfeng", "Zhao, Chunling"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293716", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aim to systematically review the clinical characteristics of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Seven datebases were searched to collect studies about the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 from 1 January 2020 to 28 February 2020. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata12.0 software. A total of 38 studies involving 3 062 COVID-19 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that a higher proportion of infected patients were male (56.9%). The incidence rate of respiratory failure or ARDS was 19.5% and the fatality rate was 5.5%. Fever (80.4%), fatigue (46%), cough (63.1%) and expectoration (41.8%) were the most common clinical manifestations. Other common symptoms included muscle soreness (33%), anorexia (38.8%), chest tightness (35.7%), shortness of breath (35%), dyspnea (33.9%). Minor symptoms included nausea and vomiting (10.2%), diarrhea (12.9%), headache (15.4%), pharyngalgia(13.1%), shivering (10.9%) and abdominal pain (4.4%). Patients with asymptomatic was 11.9%. Normal leukocytes counts (69.7%), lymphopenia (56.5%), elevated C-reactive protein levels (73.6%), elevated ESR (65.6%) and oxygenation index decreased (63.6%) were observed in most patients. About 37.2% of patients with elevated D-dimer, 25.9% of patients with leukopenia, along with abnormal levels of liver function (29%) and renal function (25.5%). Other findings included leukocytosis (12.6%) and elevated procalcitonin (17.5%). Only 25.8% of patients had lesions involving single lung and 75.7% of patients had lesions involving bilateral lungs. The most commonly experienced symptoms of COVID-19 patients were fever, fatigue, cough and expectoration. A relatively small percentage of patients were asymptomatic. Most patients showed normal leucocytes counts, lymphopenia, elevated levels of C-reactive protein and ESR. Bilateral lungs involvement was common. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32313822, "pmcid": "PMC7166095", "title": "Recent apprise on coronavirus and its terrible insinuations.", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Bhattacharya, Sankha", "Sharma, Priyanka", "Mathur, Harshita", "Rasheed, Haamid", "Singh, Saranjit", "Rajput, Geeta", "Agnihotri, Suyash", "Nirmal, Puneet", "Kaur, Sukhbir"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313822", "countries": ["China", "India", "Japan", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Epidemically increased evidence reveals that the link between the 2019-nCoV and other similar strain of coronaviruses circulating in bats and specifically the Rhinopodous bat sub-species. These sub-species are ample and widely present in Southern China, Middle East Africa and Europe. Recent studies show that more than 500 CoV have been identified in bats in China. The Center for Diseases Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization maintains a website that is updated frequently with new cases of MERS-CoV infection. As per WHO Situation report 16th, 24,554 number of cases confirmed globally out of which 99.22% cases from china. A new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is causing respiratory syndrome mostly in Hubei Province, China. Corona Virus spread over 24 countries including Japan, India, Korea, and other countries 2019-CoV infection vary from mild, moderate or severe illness; the later includes severe pneumonia, ARDS, sepsis and septic shock. There are two diagnostic tests for coronavirus infection i.e. molecular test and serology test. In this review article there are the various recent cases of the patients that are suffering from the corona virus, the outcome of these studies is that corona virus infection is an epidemic disease which affects Central Nervous System (CNS)."}, {"pmid": 32437377, "pmcid": "PMC7241742", "title": "Is social connectedness a risk factor for the spreading of COVID-19 among older adults? The Italian paradox.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Liotta, Giuseppe", "Marazzi, Maria Cristina", "Orlando, Stefano", "Palombi, Leonardo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437377", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy was one of the first European countries affected by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, with over 105,000 infected people and close to 13,000 deaths, until March 31st. The pandemic has hit especially hard because of the country's demographic structure, with a high percentage of older adults. The authors explore the possibility, recently aired in some studies, of extensive intergenerational contact as a possible determinant of the severity of the pandemic among the older Italian adults. We analyzed several variables to test this hypothesis, such as the percentage of infected patients aged >80 years, available nursing home beds, COVID-19 incidence rate, and the number of days from when the number of positive tests exceeded 50 (epidemic maturity). We also included in the analysis mean household size and percentage of households comprising one person, in the region. Paradoxically, the results are opposite of what was previously reported. The pandemic was more severe in regions with higher family fragmentation and increased availability of residential health facilities."}, {"pmid": 32396400, "title": "No deleterious effect of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic on glycaemic control, measured by glucose monitoring, in adults with type 1 diabetes.", "journal": "Diabetes Technol Ther", "authors": ["Beato-Vibora, Pilar Isabel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396400", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the health public authorities to impose extraordinary policies to limit the virus spread. Lockdown has been recognized as an effective measure to minimise the risk of infection. The effect of this extreme and prolonged situation on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unknown. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) allow health care professionals to remotely monitored sensor glucose levels. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of lockdown on glycaemic control in adults with T1D. People with T1D on multiple daily insulin injections and using CGM or FGM were included. Sensor data from the 2 weeks before the start of the COVID-19 lockdown and from the 2 weeks after 5 weeks of consecutive lockdown were compared. 147 subjects were selected (age: 39\u00b114 years (15-80), 54% male (n=80), diabetes duration: 18\u00b111 years). Forty six percent (n=68) were CGM users and 54% (n=79) FGM users. Estimated HbA1c was reduced from 57\u00b111 mmol/l to 55\u00b111 mmol/l (7.38\u00b11.0% to 7.16\u00b11.0%), (p<0.001). Time 70-180 mg/dl was increased from 60.3\u00b116.0 to 62.8\u00b117.0 (p=0.009). Time >180 mg/dl and >250 mg/dl were reduced from 36.0\u00b117.2 to 32.6\u00b117.5 (p<0.001) and from 11.9\u00b111.8 to 9.4\u00b110.3%, (p=0.001), respectively. Time in hypoglycaemia remained unchanged. Estimated HbA1c and time in range 70-180 mg/dl showed an improvement in 62% (n=91) of the subjects. Sensor use (93%) and coefficient of variation (36%) remained unchanged. No deterioration in glycaemic control was found as a result of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32510208, "title": "Single-Use Plastics and COVID-19: Scientific Evidence and Environmental Regulations.", "journal": "Environ Sci Technol", "authors": ["Hale, R C", "Song, B"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510208", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253132, "pmcid": "PMC7102611", "title": "The impending storm: COVID-19, pandemics and our overwhelmed emergency departments.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Mareiniss, Darren P"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253132", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32096116, "pmcid": "PMC7056754", "title": "The Risk and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Infections Among Inpatients in Psychiatric Hospitals.", "journal": "Neurosci Bull", "authors": ["Zhu, Yuncheng", "Chen, Liangliang", "Ji, Haifeng", "Xi, Maomao", "Fang, Yiru", "Li, Yi"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096116", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391908, "pmcid": "PMC7239158", "title": "From plague to coronavirus: vessel trajectory data from ship automatic identification systems for epidemic modeling1.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Hoffmann Pham, Katherine E", "Luengo-Oroz, Miguel"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391908", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In addition to moving people and goods, ships can spread disease. Vessel trajectory data from ship Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) is available online and can be extracted and analyzed, as we illustrate in the case of the current coronavirus epidemic. This data should be included in epidemiological models of disease transmission to complement air traffic data and inform operational responses."}, {"pmid": 32292843, "pmcid": "PMC7142676", "title": "Southern Italy: How the supply of radiation therapy, patient outcomes, and risk to health care providers have changed during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Portaluri, Maurizio", "Tramacere, Francesco", "Portaluri, Tommaso", "Gianicolo, Emilio A L"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292843", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490892, "title": "Safety model for chest drainage in pandemic by COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Col Bras Cir", "authors": ["Carvalho, Erlon DE Avila", "Oliveira, Marina Varela Braga DE"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490892", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over one million cases of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been confirmed worldwide, with the death toll exceeding 50,000 people. An important issue to be addressed concerns the exposure of health professionals to this new virus. The first reports from Wuhan province, China, described infection rates of up to 29% among healthcare professionals before the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was fully regulated. There are several protocols on the correct use of PPE during aerosol-generating procedures. However, there is no specific guidance on how to proceed in cases of need for chest tubes in patients with positive COVID-19 active air leak. The objective of this work is to assist surgeons of the most diverse specialties during the chest drainage of a patient with COVID-19 and to avoid a risk of contamination to the professional and the environment."}, {"pmid": 32311109, "pmcid": "PMC7264799", "title": "Positive result of Sars-Cov-2 in faeces and sputum from discharged patient with COVID-19 in Yiwu, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Youjiang", "Hu, Yingying", "Yu, Yuanyuan", "Zhang, Xiaodong", "Li, Bin", "Wu, Jianguo", "Li, Junyu", "Wu, Yingping", "Xia, Xiaoping", "Tang, Huina", "Xu, Jian"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311109", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the effective prevention and control of COVID - 19 in China, the number of cured cases increased significantly. Further monitoring of the disease prognosis and effective control of the \"relapse\" of the epidemic become the next focus of work. To analyse the clinical prognosis of discharged COVID-19 patients by monitoring their SAR-CoV-2 nucleic acid status, which may provide evidence to establish discharge standards and follow-up management for COVID-19 patients. We included 13 discharged COVID-19 patients who were quarantined for 4-week at home. The patient's daily clinical signs were recorded and sputum and faecal specimens were regularly sent for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. The time between initial symptoms and meeting discharge criteria was 18 - 44 days with an average of 25 \u00b1 6 days. The faecal samples of two patients still tested positive after meeting discharge criteria and the sputum samples of four patients returned positive 5 - 14 days after discharge. The rate of a recurring positive test result in samples from the respiratory system was 31%(4/13). Under the present discharge criteria, the high presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in faecal and respiratory samples of discharged COVID-19 patients indicate potential infectivity. Therefore, we suggest that faecal virus nucleic acid should be tested as a routine monitoring index for COVID-19 and a negative result be added to the criteria. Simultaneously, we should strengthen the regular follow-up of discharged patients with continuous monitoring of the recurrence of viral nucleic acid. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32521074, "title": "COVID-19 in Lung Transplant Recipients.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Myers, Catherine N", "Scott, J Harwood", "Criner, Gerard J", "Cordova, Francis C", "Mamary, A James", "Marchetti, Nathaniel", "Shenoy, Kartik V", "Galli, Jonathan A", "Mulhall, Patrick D", "Brown, James C", "Shigemura, Norihisa", "Sehgal, Sameep"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521074", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Solid organ transplant recipients are considered at a high risk for severe COVID-19 disease due to chronic immunosuppression, though their risk compared to that of the general population remains unclear. Management of lung transplant recipients can be particularly challenging given high levels of maintenance immunosuppression, high incidence of rejection, constant exposure of the graft to the external environment, and diagnostic uncertainty in patients with respiratory symptoms. There is currently limited data on manifestations, management, and outcomes in lung transplant recipients who develop this novel infection (1)."}, {"pmid": 32437770, "pmcid": "PMC7211728", "title": "COVID-19: Clinical course and outcomes of 36 maintenance hemodialysis patients from a single center in Spain.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Goicoechea, Marian", "Sanchez Camara, Luis Alberto", "Macias, Nicolas", "Munoz de Morales, Alejandra", "Gonzalez Rojas, Angela", "Bascunana, Arturo", "Arroyo, David", "Vega, Almudena", "Abad, Soraya", "Verde, Eduardo", "Garcia Prieto, Ana Maria", "Verdalles, Ursula", "Barbieri, Diego", "Felipe Delgado, Andres", "Carbayo, Javier", "Mijaylova, Antonia", "Perez de Jose, Ana", "Melero, Rosa", "Tejedor, Alberto", "Rodriguez Benitez, Patrocinio", "de Jose, Ana Perez", "Rodriguez Ferrero, Maria Luisa", "Anaya, Fernando", "Rengel, Manuel", "Barraca, Daniel", "Luno, Jose", "Aragoncillo, Ines"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437770", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2-pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Unfortunately, there is lack of evidence about the optimal management of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), even less in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) therapy than in the general population. In this retrospective observational single-center study we analyzed the clinical course and outcomes of all MHD patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from March 12th to April 10th, 2020 as confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction. Baseline features, clinical course, laboratory data, and different therapies were compared between survivors and non-survivors to identify risk factors associated with mortality. Among the 36 patients, 11 (30.5%) died and 7 could be discharged within the observation period. Clinical and radiological evolution during the first week of admission were predictive of mortality. Among the 36 patients, 18 had worsening of their clinical status, as defined by severe hypoxia with oxygen therapy requirements greater than 4 Liters/minute and radiological worsening. Significantly 11 out of those 18 patients (61.1%) died. None of the classical cardiovascular risk factors in the general population were associated with higher mortality. However, a longer time on hemodialysis (hazard ratio 1.008(95% confidence interval 1.001-1.015) per year), increased LDH levels (1.006(1.001-1.011), and lower lymphocyte count (0.996 (0.992-1.000) one week after clinical onset were all significantly associated with higher mortality risk. Thus, the mortality among hospitalized hemodialysis patients diagnosed with COVID-19 is high. Lymphopenia and increased LDH levels were associated with poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32303108, "pmcid": "PMC7264586", "title": "Serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 for experimental, domestic, companion and wild animals excludes intermediate hosts of 35 different species of animals.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Deng, Junhua", "Jin, Yipeng", "Liu, Yuxiu", "Sun, Jie", "Hao, Liying", "Bai, Jingjing", "Huang, Tian", "Lin, Degui", "Jin, Yaping", "Tian, Kegong"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303108", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in 123 countries with more than 5,000 patients died from it. However, the original and intermediate hosts of the virus remain unknown. In this study, 1,914 serum samples from 35 animal species were used for detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies using double-antigen sandwich ELISA after validating its specificity and sensitivity. The results showed that no SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were detected in above samples which excluded the possibility of 35 animal species as intermediate host for SARS-CoV-2. More importantly, companion animals including pet dogs (including one dog the SARS-CoV-2 patient kept and two dogs which had close contact with it) and cats, street dogs and cats also showed serological negative to SARS-CoV-2, which relieved the public concerns for the pets as SARS-CoV-2 carriers."}, {"pmid": 32518411, "title": "Genomic search for COVID-19 severity clues.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518411", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431021, "title": "Experience of Remote Cardiac Care during Covid-19 Pandemic: the V-LAP device in advanced heart failure.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["D'Amario, Domenico", "Restivo, A", "Canonico, F", "Rodolico, D", "Galli, M", "Burzotta, F", "Vergallo, R", "Trani, C", "Aspromonte, N", "Crea, Filippo"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431021", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419128, "title": "Resuscitation of the patient with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 when wearing personal protective equipment: A randomized multicenter crossover simulation trial.", "journal": "Cardiol J", "authors": ["Malysz, Marek", "Dabrowski, Marek", "Bottiger, Bernd W", "Smereka, Jacek", "Kulak, Klaudia", "Szarpak, Agnieszka", "Jaguszewski, Milosz", "Filipiak, Krzysztof J", "Ladny, Jerzy R", "Ruetzler, Kurt", "Szarpak, Lukasz"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419128", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the study was to evaluate various methods of chest compressions in patients with suspected/confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection conducted by medical students wearing full personal protective equipment (PPE) for aerosol generating procedures (AGP). This was prospective, randomized, multicenter, single-blinded, crossover simulation trial. Thirty-five medical students after an advanced cardiovascular life support course, which included performing 2-min continuous chest compression scenarios using 3 methods: (A) manual chest compression (CC), (B) compression with CPRMeter, (C) compression with LifeLine ARM device. During resuscitation they are wearing full personal protective equipment for aerosol generating procedures. The median chest compression depth using manual CC, CPRMeter and LifeLine ARM varied and amounted to 40 (38-45) vs. 45 (40-50) vs. 51 (50-52) mm, respectively (p = 0.002). The median chest compression rate was 109 (IQR; 102-131) compressions per minute (CPM) for manual CC, 107 (105-127) CPM for CPRMeter, and 102 (101-102) CPM for LifeLine ARM (p = 0.027). The percentage of correct chest recoil was the highest for LifeLine ARM - 100% (95-100), 80% (60-90) in CPRMeter group, and the lowest for manual CC - 29% (26-48). According to the results of this simulation trial, automated chest compression devices (ACCD) should be used for chest compression of patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19. In the absence of ACCD, it seems reasonable to change the cardiopulmonary resuscitation algorithm (in the context of patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19) by reducing the duration of the CPR cycle from the current 2-min to 1-min cycles due to a statistically significant reduction in the quality of chest compressions among rescuers wearing PPE AGP."}, {"pmid": 32397951, "title": "The expression level of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 determines the severity of COVID-19: lung and heart tissue as targets.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Babadaei, Mohammad Mahdi Nejadi", "Hasan, Anwarul", "Bloukh, Samir Haj", "Edis, Zehra", "Sharifi, Majid", "Kachooei, Ehsan", "Falahati, Mojtaba"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397951", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Researchers have reported some useful information about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leading to CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several studies have been performed in order to develop antiviral drugs, from which a few have been prescribed to patients. Also, several diagnostic tests have been designed to accelerate the process of identifying and treating COVID-19. It has been well-documented that the surface of host cells is covered by some receptors, known as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which mediates the binding and entry of CoV. After entering, the viral RNA interrupts the cell proliferation system to activate self-proliferation. However, having all the information about the outbreakof the SARS-COV-2, it is not still clear which factors determine the severity of lung and heart function impairment induced by COVID-19. A major step in exploring SARS-COV-2 pathogenesis is to determine the distribution of ACE2 in different tissues . In this review, the structure and origin of CoV, the role of ACE2 as a receptor of SARS-COV-2 on the surface of host cells, and the ACE2 distribution in different tissues with a focus on lung and cardiovascular system have been discussed. It was also revealed that acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) may result in the clinical severity of COVID-19. In conclusion, this review may provide useful information in developing some promising strategies to end up with a worldwide COVID-19 pandemic.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32317432, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned and future directions.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Khanna, Rohit C", "Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria", "Gilbert, Suzanne S", "Honavar, Santosh G", "Murthy, Gudlavalleti S V"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317432", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging pandemics show that humans are not infallible and communities need to be prepared. Coronavirus outbreak was first reported towards the end of 2019 and has now been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Worldwide countries are responding differently to the virus outbreak. A delay in detection and response has been recorded in China, as well as in other major countries, which led to an overburdening of the local health systems. On the other hand, some other nations have put in place effective strategies to contain the infection and have recorded a very low number of cases since the beginning of the pandemics. Restrictive measures like social distancing, lockdown, case detection, isolation, contact tracing, and quarantine of exposed had revealed the most efficient actions to control the disease spreading. This review will help the readers to understand the difference in response by different countries and their outcomes. Based on the experience of these countries, India responded to the pandemic accordingly. Only time will tell how well India has faced the outbreak. We also suggest the future directions that the global community should take to manage and mitigate the emergency."}, {"pmid": 32454342, "pmcid": "PMC7237899", "title": "The role of Instagram in public health education in COVID-19 in Iran.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Dabbagh, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454342", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470164, "title": "Estimation of the basic reproduction number, average incubation time, asymptomatic infection rate, and case fatality rate for COVID-19: Meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["He, Wenqing", "Yi, Grace Y", "Zhu, Yayuan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470164", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been found to be caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, comprehensive knowledge of COVID-19 remains incomplete and many important features are still unknown. This manuscript conducts a meta-analysis and a sensitivity study to answer the questions: What is the basic reproduction number? How long is the incubation time of the disease on average? What portion of infections are asymptomatic? And ultimately, what is the case fatality rate? Our studies estimate the basic reproduction number to be 3.15 with the 95% CI (2.41-3.90), the average incubation time to be 5.08 days with the 95% CI (4.77-5.39) (in day), the asymptomatic infection rate to be 46% with the 95% CI (18.48%-73.60%), and the case fatality rate to be 2.72% with 95% CI (1.29%-4.16%) where asymptomatic infections are accounted for."}, {"pmid": 32443133, "title": "Far from Home.", "journal": "Am J Nurs", "authors": ["Phipps, Marcy"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443133", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A flight nurse cares for one of COVID-19's many 'peripheral victims.'"}, {"pmid": 32315380, "title": "Web Exclusive. Annals for Hospitalists Inpatient Notes - Preparing for Battle: How Hospitalists Can Manage the Stress of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Morganstein, Joshua C"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315380", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[Figure: see text]."}, {"pmid": 32237998, "title": "An assessment of United States dermatology practices during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Muddasani, Suraj", "Housholder, Anne", "Fleischer, Alan B"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237998", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives: The COVID-19 outbreak is a serious threat to public health and social distancing on the part of individuals can help contain the epidemic. It is unknown if dermatologists are assisting with the public health officials' recommendations for social distancing by closing their practice or limiting their practice to the treatment of emergency conditions. This study examines the activity level of dermatology practices during the United States COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: We performed scripted phone calls to 60 dermatology practices in six different counties in the United Stated during the COVID-19 outbreak. We assessed if practices are open and if they are serving patients with urgent and non-urgent conditions.Results: Of the 60 dermatologists selected for the study, 55 were successfully contacted (92% contact rate). Of these practices, 29 (53%) were open, 17 (31%) were only seeing urgent patients and 9 (16%) were closed. New York, New York had 2 (20%) open offices which was the lowest proportion of any county (p = .04). Counties with higher prevalence had fewer open offices (p < .01, R2 = .7).Conclusions: Many practices have restricted their level of operation especially in higher areas of COVID-19 prevalence, likely to help facilitate social distancing."}, {"pmid": 32100980, "title": "[Chemotherapy strategy for colorectal cancer under the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Y H", "Shen, L", "Li, J"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100980", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) makes the medical treatment of colorectal cancers difficult. Cancer patients are more susceptible to infection and tumor history is defined as an important factor of poor prognosis, which challenges both doctors and patients. For metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, maintenance therapy is the optimal choice. The patients with tumor progression or poor biological behaviorshould receive or or continue combination chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy should reduce the intensity of treatment and shorten the therapy time. Fever patients during chemotherapy need to receive differential diagnosis and screening according to national standards. Patients with stable diseases and good general conditions may delay imaging examination.. Clinicians should make individual clinical decisions based on the specifics of each patient durding epidemic situation."}, {"pmid": 32429006, "pmcid": "PMC7272805", "title": "Mental health participation in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Depress Anxiety", "authors": ["Stein, Murray B"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429006", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371056, "pmcid": "PMC7252050", "title": "Care of critically ill pregnant patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a case series.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Hirshberg, Adi", "Kern-Goldberger, Adina R", "Levine, Lisa D", "Pierce-Williams, Rebecca", "Short, William R", "Parry, Samuel", "Berghella, Vincenzo", "Triebwasser, Jourdan E", "Srinivas, Sindhu K"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371056", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372809, "pmcid": "PMC7195036", "title": "Facing two deadly viruses.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Yeung, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372809", "countries": ["Congo"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As covid-19 begins to take hold, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has detected its first new Ebola cases in months, reports Peter Yeung."}, {"pmid": 32389847, "pmcid": "PMC7204665", "title": "Urgent need for evaluating agonists of angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis for treating patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shete, Ashwini"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389847", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "ACE2 is a receptor of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells, and its upregulation has been implicated in increasing susceptibility of individuals to this infection. The clinical picture of COVID-19 suggests a role of ACE2 blockade, rather than its overexpression, in causing the pathogenesis. ACE2 blockade results in increased angiotensin II activity with simultaneous hampering of functions of angiotensin-(1-7)/MasR axis. Acute respiratory distress due to interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, cardiomyopathy and shock reported in COVID-19 patients can be explained by imbalanced angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) activities. Failure of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers to control the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections indicates the importance of simultaneous induction of angiotensin-(1-7)/MasR axis for correcting pathological conditions in COVID-19 through its anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and cardioprotective roles. MasR agonists have also shown organ protective effects in a number of animal studies. Unfortunately, these agonists have not been tested in clinical studies. Their evaluation in seriously ill COVID-19 patients is urgently warranted to reduce mortality due to infection."}, {"pmid": 32382119, "title": "How do children spread the coronavirus? The science still isn't clear.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382119", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400858, "pmcid": "PMC7239257", "title": "Are Patients With Alcohol Use Disorders at Increased Risk for Covid-19 Infection?", "journal": "Alcohol Alcohol", "authors": ["Testino, Gianni"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400858", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217113, "pmcid": "PMC7270569", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Dashraath, Pradip", "Wong, Jing Lin Jeslyn", "Lim, Mei Xian Karen", "Lim, Li Min", "Li, Sarah", "Biswas, Arijit", "Choolani, Mahesh", "Mattar, Citra", "Su, Lin Lin"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217113", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading globally at an accelerated rate, with a basic reproduction number (R0) of 2-2.5, indicating that 2-3 persons will be infected from an index patient. A serious public health emergency, it is particularly deadly in vulnerable populations and communities in which healthcare providers are insufficiently prepared to manage the infection. As of March 16, 2020, there are more than 180,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide, with more than 7000 related deaths. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been isolated from asymptomatic individuals, and affected patients continue to be infectious 2 weeks after cessation of symptoms. The substantial morbidity and socioeconomic impact have necessitated drastic measures across all continents, including nationwide lockdowns and border closures. Pregnant women and their fetuses represent a high-risk population during infectious disease outbreaks. To date, the outcomes of 55 pregnant women infected with COVID-19 and 46 neonates have been reported in the literature, with no definite evidence of vertical transmission. Physiological and mechanical changes in pregnancy increase susceptibility to infections in general, particularly when the cardiorespiratory system is affected, and encourage rapid progression to respiratory failure in the gravida. Furthermore, the pregnancy bias toward T-helper 2 (Th2) system dominance, which protects the fetus, leaves the mother vulnerable to viral infections, which are more effectively contained by the Th1 system. These unique challenges mandate an integrated approach to pregnancies affected by SARS-CoV-2. Here we present a review of COVID-19 in pregnancy, bringing together the various factors integral to the understanding of pathophysiology and susceptibility, diagnostic challenges with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, therapeutic controversies, intrauterine transmission, and maternal-fetal complications. We discuss the latest options in antiviral therapy and vaccine development, including the novel use of chloroquine in the management of COVID-19. Fetal surveillance, in view of the predisposition to growth restriction and special considerations during labor and delivery, is addressed. In addition, we focus on keeping frontline obstetric care providers safe while continuing to provide essential services. Our clinical service model is built around the principles of workplace segregation, responsible social distancing, containment of cross-infection to healthcare providers, judicious use of personal protective equipment, and telemedicine. Our aim is to share a framework that can be adopted by tertiary maternity units managing pregnant women in the flux of a pandemic while maintaining the safety of the patient and healthcare provider at its core."}, {"pmid": 32160148, "pmcid": "PMC7258479", "title": "Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus in Patient with Pneumonia, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wu, Xiaojing", "Cai, Ying", "Huang, Xu", "Yu, Xin", "Zhao, Li", "Wang, Fan", "Li, Quanguo", "Gu, Sichao", "Xu, Teng", "Li, Yongjun", "Lu, Binghuai", "Zhan, Qingyuan"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160148", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report co-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus in a patient with pneumonia in China. The case highlights possible co-detection of known respiratory viruses. We noted low sensitivity of upper respiratory specimens for SARS-CoV-2, which could further complicate recognition of the full extent of disease."}, {"pmid": 32317557, "pmcid": "PMC7217117", "title": "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Treatment of Severe Pulmonary and Cardiac Compromise in COVID-19: Experience with 32 patients.", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Jacobs, Jeffrey P", "Stammers, Alfred H", "St Louis, James", "Hayanga, J W Awori", "Firstenberg, Michael S", "Mongero, Linda B", "Tesdahl, Eric A", "Rajagopal, Keshava", "Cheema, Faisal H", "Coley, Tom", "Badhwar, Vinay", "Sestokas, Anthony K", "Slepian, Marvin J"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317557", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As COVID-19 cases surge worldwide, an urgent need exists to enhance our understanding of the role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the management of severely ill patients with COVID-19 who develop acute respiratory and cardiac compromise refractory to conventional therapy. The purpose of this manuscript is to review our initial clinical experience in 32 patients with confirmed COVID-19 treated with ECMO.A multi-institutional registry and database was created and utilized to assess all patients who were supported with ECMO provided by SpecialtyCare. Data captured included patient characteristics, pre-COVID-19 risk factors and comorbidities, confirmation of COVID-19 diagnosis, features of ECMO support, specific medications utilized to treat COVID-19, and short-term outcomes through hospital discharge. This analysis includes all of our patients with COVID-19 supported with ECMO, with an analytic window starting March 17, 2020 when our first COVID-19 patient was placed on ECMO, and ending April 9, 2020.During the 24 days of this study, 32 consecutive patients with COVID-19 were placed on ECMO at 9 different hospitals. As of the time of analysis, 17 remain on ECMO, 10 died prior to or shortly after decannulation, and 5 are alive and extubated after removal from ECMO, with one of these 5 discharged from the hospital. Adjunctive medication in the surviving patients while on ECMO was as follows: 4 of 5 survivors received intravenous steroids, 3 of 5 survivors received antiviral medications (Remdesivir), 2 of 5 survivors were treated with anti-interleukin-6-receptor monoclonal antibodies (Tocilizumab or Sarilumab), and 1 of 5 survivors received hydroxychloroquine.An analysis of 32 COVID-19 patients with severe pulmonary compromise supported with ECMO suggests that ECMO may play a useful role in salvaging select critically ill patients with COVID-19. Additional patient experience and associated clinical and laboratory data must be obtained to further define the optimal role of ECMO in patients with COVID-19 and ARDS. These initial data may provide useful information to help define the best strategies to care for these challenging patients, and may also provide a framework for much-needed future research about the use of ECMO to treat patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32410913, "pmcid": "PMC7221379", "title": "Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Preparedness for the Novel Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic: A New York City Hospital Perspective.", "journal": "Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care", "authors": ["Verma, Sourabh", "Lumba, Rishi", "Lighter, Jennifer L", "Bailey, Sean M", "Wachtel, Elena V", "Kunjumon, Bgee", "Alessi, Samantha", "Mally, Pradeep V"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410913", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, China reported a cluster of cases of pneumonia associated with a novel pathogenic coronavirus provisionally named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Since then, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported in more than 180 countries with approximately 3 million known infections and more than 210,000 deaths attributed to this disease. The majority of confirmed COVID-19 cases have been reported in adults, especially older individuals with co-morbidities. Children have had a relatively lower rate and a less serious course of infection as reported in the literature to date. One of the most vulnerable pediatric patient populations is cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit. There is limited data on the effect of COVID-19 in fetal life, and among neonates after birth. Therefore there is an urgent need for proactive preparation, and planning to combat COVID-19, as well as to safeguard patients, their families, and healthcare personnel. This review article is based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) current recommendations for COVID-19 and its adaptation to our local resources. The aim of this article is to provide basic consolidated guidance and checklists to clinicians in the neonatal intensive care units in key aspects of preparation needed to counter exposure or infection with COVID-19. We anticipate that CDC will continue to update their guidelines regarding COVID-19 as the situation evolves, and we recommend monitoring CDC's updates for the most current information."}, {"pmid": 32527928, "title": "Type I and III interferons disrupt lung epithelial repair during recovery from viral infection.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Major, Jack", "Crotta, Stefania", "Llorian, Miriam", "McCabe, Teresa M", "Gad, Hans Henrik", "Priestnall, Simon L", "Hartmann, Rune", "Wack, Andreas"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527928", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Excessive cytokine signaling frequently exacerbates lung tissue damage during respiratory viral infection. Type I (IFN-\u03b1/\u03b2) and III (IFN-\u03bb) interferons are host-produced antiviral cytokines. Prolonged IFN-\u03b1/\u03b2 responses can lead to harmful proinflammatory effects, whereas IFN-\u03bb mainly signals in epithelia, inducing localized antiviral immunity. Here we show that IFN signaling interferes with lung repair during influenza recovery, with IFN-\u03bb driving these effects most potently. IFN-induced p53 directly reduces epithelial proliferation and differentiation, increasing disease severity, and susceptibility to bacterial superinfections. Thus, excessive or prolonged IFN-production aggravates viral infection by impairing lung epithelial regeneration. Therefore, timing and duration are critical parameters of endogenous IFN action and should be considered carefully for IFN therapeutic strategies against viral infections like influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32410823, "pmcid": "PMC7221363", "title": "Covid19 pandemic; A practicing head and neck surgeon's perspective of an institutional model.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Varghese, Bipin T"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410823", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339510, "pmcid": "PMC7182515", "title": "Regional Planning for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Allocation During Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Prekker, Matthew E", "Brunsvold, Melissa E", "Bohman, J Kyle", "Fischer, Gwenyth", "Gram, Kendra L", "Litell, John M", "Saavedra-Romero, Ramiro", "Hick, John L"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339510", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health systems confronting the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic must plan for surges in ICU demand and equitably distribute resources to maximize benefit for critically ill patients and the public during periods of resource scarcity. For example, morbidity and mortality could be mitigated by a proactive regional plan for the triage of mechanical ventilators. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a resource-intensive and potentially life-saving modality in severe respiratory failure, has generally not been included in proactive disaster preparedness until recently. This paper explores underlying assumptions and triage principles that could guide the integration of ECMO resources into existing disaster planning. Drawing from a collaborative framework developed by one US metropolitan area with multiple adult and pediatric extracorporeal life support centers, this paper aims to inform decision-making around ECMO use during a pandemic such as COVID-19. It also addresses the ethical and practical aspects of not continuing to offer ECMO during a disaster."}, {"pmid": 32484718, "title": "Coronavirus pandemic: how is neurosurgical-oncology practice affected?", "journal": "Br J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Hatiboglu, Mustafa Aziz", "Sinclair, Georges"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484718", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497768, "pmcid": "PMC7263234", "title": "After the COVID 19 outbreak in Italy: What have we learnt?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["De Filippis, Giuseppe", "Cavazzana, Laura", "Errico, Marisa", "Olivieri, Pietro", "Parravicini, Elena", "Curci, Rossella", "De Murtas, Giovanni", "Gimigliano, Alessandra", "Carnevali, Davide", "Letzgus, Matteo", "Visconti, Alessandro", "Castaldi, Silvana", "Auxilia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497768", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237554, "title": "[Emerging infections, the great challenge of global health: Covid-19].", "journal": "Salud Publica Mex", "authors": ["Alpuche-Arand, Celia M"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237554", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356031, "pmcid": "PMC7190803", "title": "Prioritizing Community Partners and Community HIV Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Operario, Don", "King, Elizabeth J", "Gamarel, Kristi E"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356031", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425314, "pmcid": "PMC7233249", "title": "Future for coronavirus disease 2019: India.", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Roy, Manas Pratim"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425314", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215598, "pmcid": "PMC7099530", "title": "Neonatal Early-Onset Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in 33 Neonates Born to Mothers With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Zeng, Lingkong", "Xia, Shiwen", "Yuan, Wenhao", "Yan, Kai", "Xiao, Feifan", "Shao, Jianbo", "Zhou, Wenhao"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215598", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369687, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic-Induced Panic Disorder.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Bhatia, Manjeet Singh", "Goyal, Sheenam", "Singh, Apala", "Daral, Ankit"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369687", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507006, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore: what does it mean for arthroplasty?", "journal": "Acta Orthop", "authors": ["Decruz, Joshua", "Prabhakar, Sumanth", "Ding, Benjamin Tze Kiong", "Kunnasegaran, Remesh"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507006", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and purpose - The ongoing Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken a toll on healthcare systems around the world. This has led to guidelines advising against elective procedures, which includes elective arthroplasty. Despite arthroplasty being an elective procedure, some arthroplasties are arguably essential, as pain or functional impairment maybe devastating for patients, especially during this difficult period. We describe our experience as the Division of Arthroplasty in the hospital at the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore.Patients and methods - The number of COVID-19 cases reported both nationwide and at our institution from February 2020 to date were reviewed. We then collated the number of arthroplasties that we were able to cope with on a weekly basis and charted it against the number of new COVID-19 cases admitted to our institution and the prevalence of COVID-19 within the Singapore population.Results - During the COVID-19 pandemic period, a significant decrease in the volume of arthroplasties was seen. 47 arthroplasties were performed during the pandemic period from February to April, with a weekly average of 5 cases. This was a 74% reduction compared with our institutional baseline. The least number of surgeries were performed during early periods of the pandemic. This eventually rose to a maximum of 47% of our baseline numbers. Throughout this period, no cases of COVID-19 infection were reported amongst the orthopedic inpatients at our institution.Interpretation - During the early periods of the pandemic, careful planning was required to evaluate the pandemic situation and gauge our resources and manpower. Our study illustrates the number of arthroplasties that can potentially be done relative to the disease curve. This could serve as a guide to reinstating arthroplasty as the pandemic dies down. However, it is prudent to note that these situations are widely dynamic and frequent re-evaluation is required to secure patient and healthcare personnel safety, while ensuring appropriate care is delivered."}, {"pmid": 32278764, "pmcid": "PMC7144611", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: Knowledge in progress.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Hussain, Akhtar", "Bhowmik, Bishwajit", "do Vale Moreira, Nayla Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278764", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to briefly review the general characteristics of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and provide a better understanding of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in people with diabetes, and its management. We searched for articles in PubMed and Google Scholar databases till 02 April 2020, with the following keywords: \"SARS-CoV-2\", \"COVID-19\", \"infection\", \"pathogenesis\", \"incubation period\", \"transmission\", \"clinical features\", \"diagnosis\", \"treatment\", \"diabetes\", with interposition of the Boolean operator \"AND\". The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is heterogeneous, ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure and death. Older age, diabetes and other comorbidities are reported as significant predictors of morbidity and mortality. Chronic inflammation, increased coagulation activity, immune response impairment, and potential direct pancreatic damage by SARS-CoV-2 might be among the underlying mechanisms of the association between diabetes and COVID-19. No conclusive evidence exists to support the discontinuation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers or thiazolidinediones because of COVID-19 in people with diabetes. Caution should be taken to potential hypoglycemic events with the use of chloroquine in these subjects. Patient tailored therapeutic strategies, rigorous glucose monitoring and careful consideration of drug interactions might reduce adverse outcomes. Suggestions are made on the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19, and its management. No definite conclusions can be made based on current limited evidence. Further research regarding this relationship and its clinical management is warranted."}, {"pmid": 32522738, "title": "Community health workers for pandemic response: a rapid evidence synthesis.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Bhaumik, Soumyadeep", "Moola, Sandeep", "Tyagi, Jyoti", "Nambiar, Devaki", "Kakoti, Misimi"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522738", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), affects 213 countries or territories globally. We received a request from National Health Systems Resource Centre, a public agency in India, to conduct rapid evidence synthesis (RES) on community health workers (CHWs) for COVID-19 prevention and control in 3 days. We searched PubMed, websites of ministries (n=3), public agencies (n=6), multilateral institutions (n=3), COVID-19 resource aggregators (n=5) and preprints (n=1) (without language restrictions) for articles on CHWs in pandemics. Two reviewers screened the records independently with a third reviewer resolving disagreements. One reviewer extracted data with another reviewer cross-checking it. A framework on CHW performance in primary healthcare not specific to pandemic was used to guide data extraction and narrative analysis. We retrieved 211 records and finally included 36 articles. Most of the evidence was from low-and middle-income countries with well-established CHW programmes. Evidence from CHW programmes initiated during pandemics and for CHW involvement in pandemic response in high-income countries was scant. CHW roles and tasks change substantially during pandemics. Clear guidance, training for changed roles and definition of what constitutes essential activities (ie, those that must to be sustained) is required. Most common additional activities during pandemics were community awareness, engagement and sensitisation (including for countering stigma) and contact tracing. CHWs were reported to be involved in all aspects of contact tracing - this was reported to affect routine service delivery. CHWs have often been stigmatised or been socially ostracised during pandemics. Providing PPE, housing allowance, equal training opportunities, transportation allowance, improving salaries (paid on time and for a broad range of services) and awards in high-profile public events contributed to better recruitment and retention. We also created inventories of resources with guiding notes on guidelines for health workers (n=24), self-isolation in the community (n=10) and information, education and counselling materials on COVID-19 (n=16). CHWs play a critical role in pandemics. It is important to ensure role clarity, training, supportive supervision, as well as their work satisfaction, health and well-being. More implementation research on CHWs in pandemics is required."}, {"pmid": 32186279, "title": "Facing challenges with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreak", "journal": "Virologie (Montrouge)", "authors": ["van der Werf, Sylvie", "Peltekian, Cecile"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32186279", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489343, "pmcid": "PMC7259441", "title": "Descriptive characteristics of hospitalized adult smokers and never-smokers with COVID-19.", "journal": "Tob Induc Dis", "authors": ["Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi", "Ghobadi, Hassan", "Taleb, Ziyad Ben", "Ward, Kenneth D", "Adham, Davoud", "Matin, Somaieh", "Fazlzadeh, Mehdi", "Narimani, Sajjad"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489343", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221278, "title": "Alcohol consumption in the Covid-19 Era.", "journal": "Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol", "authors": ["Testino, Gianni", "Pellicano, Rinaldo"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221278", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505227, "title": "Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science.", "journal": "Immunity", "authors": ["Vabret, Nicolas", "Britton, Graham J", "Gruber, Conor", "Hegde, Samarth", "Kim, Joel", "Kuksin, Maria", "Levantovsky, Rachel", "Malle, Louise", "Moreira, Alvaro", "Park, Matthew D", "Pia, Luisanna", "Risson, Emma", "Saffern, Miriam", "Salome, Berengere", "Esai Selvan, Myvizhi", "Spindler, Matthew P", "Tan, Jessica", "van der Heide, Verena", "Gregory, Jill K", "Alexandropoulos, Konstantina", "Bhardwaj, Nina", "Brown, Brian D", "Greenbaum, Benjamin", "Gumus, Zeynep H", "Homann, Dirk", "Horowitz, Amir", "Kamphorst, Alice O", "Curotto de Lafaille, Maria A", "Mehandru, Saurabh", "Merad, Miriam", "Samstein, Robert M"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505227", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide, igniting an unprecedented effort from the scientific community to understand the biological underpinning of COVID19 pathophysiology. In this Review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immunological pathways that likely contribute to disease severity and death. We also discuss the rationale and clinical outcome of current therapeutic strategies as well as prospective clinical trials to prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32496263, "title": "Factors affecting the adoption of telemedicine during COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Mishra, Vinaytosh"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496263", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has put restriction of travel, and social distancing has become a new normal. This outbreak of the pandemic has made telemedicine more relevant than ever. The objective of this study is to identify the factors affecting the rate of adoption of telemedicine and effect of the COVID-19 on these factors. The research develops five hypotheses to test the influence of a disease outbreak on the rate of telemedicine adoption. The method used for the study is the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the sampling method used for the study is purposive sampling. The respondents were taken from a multispecialty clinic in North India and the sample size for the study is 43. The study concludes that patients are seeing more value in the use of telemedicine during COVID-19. They are more willing to experiment with telemedicine and are not intimidated by the technology related to telemedicine."}, {"pmid": 32100485, "pmcid": "PMC7082662", "title": "Chest Radiographic and CT Findings of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Analysis of Nine Patients Treated in Korea.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Yoon, Soon Ho", "Lee, Kyung Hee", "Kim, Jin Yong", "Lee, Young Kyung", "Ko, Hongseok", "Kim, Ki Hwan", "Park, Chang Min", "Kim, Yun Hyeon"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100485", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study presents a preliminary report on the chest radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia in Korea. As part of a multi-institutional collaboration coordinated by the Korean Society of Thoracic Radiology, we collected nine patients with COVID-19 infections who had undergone chest radiography and CT scans. We analyzed the radiographic and CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia at baseline. Fisher's exact test was used to compare CT findings depending on the shape of pulmonary lesions. Three of the nine patients (33.3%) had parenchymal abnormalities detected by chest radiography, and most of the abnormalities were peripheral consolidations. Chest CT images showed bilateral involvement in eight of the nine patients, and a unilobar reversed halo sign in the other patient. In total, 77 pulmonary lesions were found, including patchy lesions (39%), large confluent lesions (13%), and small nodular lesions (48%). The peripheral and posterior lung fields were involved in 78% and 67% of the lesions, respectively. The lesions were typically ill-defined and were composed of mixed ground-glass opacities and consolidation or pure ground-glass opacities. Patchy to confluent lesions were primarily distributed in the lower lobes (p = 0.040) and along the pleura (p < 0.001), whereas nodular lesions were primarily distributed along the bronchovascular bundles (p = 0.006). COVID-19 pneumonia in Korea primarily manifested as pure to mixed ground-glass opacities with a patchy to confluent or nodular shape in the bilateral peripheral posterior lungs. A considerable proportion of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had normal chest radiographs."}, {"pmid": 32406420, "pmcid": "PMC7217764", "title": "High-resolution CT features of the COVID-19 infection in Nanchong City: Initial and follow-up changes among different clinical types.", "journal": "Radiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jiang, Yuting", "Guo, Dandan", "Li, Chunping", "Chen, Tianwu", "Li, Rui"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406420", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss the high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients among different clinical types on initial and follow-up CT. Seven COVID-19 patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical Collage were enrolled. All patients underwent initial and follow-up chest HRCT. The main CT features and semi-quantitative score which represent disease severity among different clinical types were evaluated. On initial CT, the main abnormalities observed in common and severe cases respectively were pure ground glass opacities (GGOs) and patchy consolidation surrounded by GGOs. Critical cases had multiple consolidation surrounded by wide range of GGOs distributed in the whole lung fields. The scope and density score in common (4.5 and 5), severe (9.5 and 9.5) and critical (19 and 12) cases were increased by gradient. On follow-up CT, common and severe types manifested as decreasing density of lesion, absorbed consolidation and GGOs. Critical cases showed progression of the disease. The extent and progression scores in common and severe patients were significantly decreased, while the range score of patients with critical disease reached the highest points, accompanied with an increase in the density score. CT scanning can accurately assess the severity of COVID-19, and help to monitor disease transformation during follow-up among different clinical conditions."}, {"pmid": 32226294, "pmcid": "PMC7098034", "title": "Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Zhong, Bao-Liang", "Luo, Wei", "Li, Hai-Mei", "Zhang, Qian-Qian", "Liu, Xiao-Ge", "Li, Wen-Tian", "Li, Yi"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226294", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Unprecedented measures have been adopted to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in China. People's adherence to control measures is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. In this study, we investigated Chinese residents' KAP towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise period of the outbreak. An online sample of Chinese residents was successfully recruited via the authors' networks with residents and popular media in Hubei, China. A self-developed online KAP questionnaire was completed by the participants. The knowledge questionnaire consisted of 12 questions regarding the clinical characteristics and prevention of COVID-19. Assessments on residents' attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 included questions on confidence in winning the battle against COVID-19 and wearing masks when going out in recent days. Among the survey completers (n=6910), 65.7% were women, 63.5% held a bachelor degree or above, and 56.2% engaged in mental labor. The overall correct rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 90%. The majority of the respondents (97.1%) had confidence that China can win the battle against COVID-19. Nearly all of the participants (98.0%) wore masks when going out in recent days. In multiple logistic regression analyses, the COVID-19 knowledge score (OR: 0.75-0.90, P<0.001) was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of negative attitudes and preventive practices towards COVID-2019. Most Chinese residents of a relatively high socioeconomic status, in particular women, are knowledgeable about COVID-19, hold optimistic attitudes, and have appropriate practices towards COVID-19. Health education programs aimed at improving COVID-19 knowledge are helpful for Chinese residents to hold optimistic attitudes and maintain appropriate practices. Due to the limited sample representativeness, we must be cautious when generalizing these findings to populations of a low socioeconomic status."}, {"pmid": 32425468, "pmcid": "PMC7227501", "title": "Promoting Technology and Virtual Visits to Improve Older Adult Mental Health in the Face of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Gould, Christine E", "Hantke, Nathan C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425468", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321732, "title": "Remdesivir in covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Ferner, Robin E", "Aronson, Jeffrey K"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321732", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327745, "title": "Without food, there can be no exit from the pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Torero, Maximo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327745", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437933, "pmcid": "PMC7211726", "title": "Viral dynamics in asymptomatic patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhou, Rui", "Li, Furong", "Chen, Fengjuan", "Liu, Huamin", "Zheng, Jiazhen", "Lei, Chunliang", "Wu, Xianbo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437933", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data are limited on the viral load, viral shedding patterns, and potential infectivity of asymptomatic patients (APs) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study included 31 adult patients who were virologically confirmed to have COVID-19 but were asymptomatic on admission. Among these 31 patients, 22 presented symptoms after admission and were defined as asymptomatic patients in the incubation period (APIs); the other nine patients remained asymptomatic during hospitalization and were defined as asymptomatic patients (APs). The median cycle threshold (Ct) value of APs (39.0, interquartile range (IQR) 37.5-39.5) was significantly higher than that of APIs (34.5, IQR 32.2-37.0), indicating a lower viral load in APs. However, the duration of viral shedding remained similar in the two groups (7 days, IQR 5-14 days vs. 8 days, IQR 5-16 days). The study findings demonstrated that although APs with COVID-19 have a lower viral load, they still have certain period of viral shedding, which suggests the possibility of transmission during their asymptomatic period. Further longitudinal surveillance of these asymptomatic cases via virus nucleic acid testing are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32378705, "pmcid": "PMC7225408", "title": "A virus that has gone viral: amino acid mutation in S protein of Indian isolate of Coronavirus COVID-19 might impact receptor binding, and thus, infectivity.", "journal": "Biosci Rep", "authors": ["Saha, Priyanka", "Banerjee, Arup Kumar", "Tripathi, Prem Prakash", "Srivastava, Amit Kumar", "Ray, Upasana"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378705", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since 2002, \u03b2 coronaviruses (CoVs) have caused three zoonotic outbreaks, SARS-CoV in 2002, MERS-CoV in 2012, and the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 late in 2019 (also named as COVID-19 or novel coronavirus 2019 or nCoV2019). Spike (S) protein, one of the structural proteins of this virus plays key role in receptor (ACE2) binding and thus virus entry. Thus, this protein has attracted scientists for detailed study and therapeutic targeting. As the nCoV2019 takes its course throughout the world, more and more sequence analyses are being done and genome sequences are being deposited in various databases. From India, two clinical isolates have been sequenced and the full genome has been deposited in GenBank. We have performed sequence analyses of the Spike protein of the Indian isolates and compared with that of the Wuhan, China (where the outbreak was first reported). While all the sequences of Wuhan isolates are identical, we found point mutations in the Indian isolates. Out of the two isolates, one was found to harbor a mutation in its receptor-binding domain (RBD) at position 407. At this site, arginine (a positively charged amino acid) was replaced by isoleucine (a hydrophobic amino acid that is also a C-\u03b2 branched amino acid). This mutation has been seen to change the secondary structure of the protein at that region and this can potentially alter receptor binding of the virus. Although this finding needs further validation and more sequencing, the information might be useful in rational drug designing and vaccine engineering."}, {"pmid": 32379883, "pmcid": "PMC7236892", "title": "Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Metlay, Joshua P", "Waterer, Grant W"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379883", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32056407, "pmcid": "PMC7025910", "title": "Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of COVID-19 Infection in Korea: the Application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19 Infected Pneumonia Monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lim, Jaegyun", "Jeon, Seunghyun", "Shin, Hyun Young", "Kim, Moon Jung", "Seong, Yu Min", "Lee, Wang Jun", "Choe, Kang Won", "Kang, Yu Min", "Lee, Baeckseung", "Park, Sang Joon"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32056407", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since mid-December of 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been spreading from Wuhan, China. The confirmed COVID-19 patients in South Korea are those who came from or visited China. As secondary transmissions have occurred and the speed of transmission is accelerating, there are rising concerns about community infections. The 54-year old male is the third patient diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in Korea. He is a worker for a clothing business and had mild respiratory symptoms and intermittent fever in the beginning of hospitalization, and pneumonia symptoms on chest computerized tomography scan on day 6 of admission. This patient caused one case of secondary transmission and three cases of tertiary transmission. Hereby, we report the clinical findings of the index patient who was the first to cause tertiary transmission outside China. Interestingly, after lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra, AbbVie) was administered, \u03b2-coronavirus viral loads significantly decreased and no or little coronavirus titers were observed."}, {"pmid": 32209811, "pmcid": "PMC7172573", "title": "Angiotensin II for the Treatment of COVID-19-Related Vasodilatory Shock.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Chow, Jonathan H", "Mazzeffi, Michael A", "McCurdy, Michael T"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209811", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501114, "title": "Air Hunger and Psychological Trauma in Ventilated COVID-19 Patients: An Urgent Problem.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Worsham, Christopher M", "Banzett, Robert B", "Schwartzstein, Richard M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501114", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292637, "pmcid": "PMC7141553", "title": "Application of refined management in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in non-isolated areas of a general hospital.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Sci", "authors": ["Xu, Caijuan", "Jin, Jingfen", "Song, Jianping", "Yang, Yan", "Yao, Meiqi", "Zhang, Yuping", "Zao, Ruiyi", "Chen, Zhimei"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292637", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article summarizes the experience in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) epidemic in non-isolated areas in a general hospital. Based on refined management theory, we professionally developed the standards for prevention and control of COVID-19 in non-isolated areas, systematically implemented various prevention and control measures, performed gridding audit, effectively communicated among teams and between doctors and patients assisted by information techniques, and reported results for quality improvement. There was no hospital acquired COVID-19 infections among staff in the hospital. The rates of mask wearing, epidemiological history screening and the medical supplies disinfection were all 100% in the hospital. The accuracy rate of mask wearing of patients and their families was 73.79% and the compliance of their hand hygiene was 40.78%. Refined management strategies for the prevention and control of COVID-19 infection in non-isolated areas of the general hospital are effective. The accuracy rate of mask wearing and hand hygiene compliance of patients and their families need to be further improved."}, {"pmid": 32241953, "title": "Treating multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Brownlee, Wallace", "Bourdette, Dennis", "Broadley, Simon", "Killestein, Joep", "Ciccarelli, Olga"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241953", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361215, "pmcid": "PMC7162748", "title": "Delirium and sleep disturbances in COVID-19: a possible role for melatonin in hospitalized patients?", "journal": "Sleep Med", "authors": ["Zambrelli, Elena", "Canevini, Mariapaola", "Gambini, Orsola", "D'Agostino, Armando"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361215", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274522, "pmcid": "PMC7142323", "title": "Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Kessler, Thorsten", "Schunkert, Heribert"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274522", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495575, "title": "[Analysis of 131 cases of COVID-19 treated with Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Ling", "Cheng, Zhi-Qiang", "Liu, Fang", "Xia, Yang", "Chen, Yong-Gang"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495575", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, Donghua Hospital information management system and Meikang clinical pharmacy management system were used to collect medical records of all inpatients diagnosed as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) in Wuhan Third Hospital. The statistics was based on the data of the cases treated with Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction, including demographic statistics, clinical cha-racteristics before medication, outcome of after medication and efficacy of drug combination. Excel 2003 and SPSS Clementine 12.0 software were used to conduct statistics on the included cases, and Apriori algorithm and association rules were used for the association analysis on drug combination. A total of 131 cases of COVID-19 were treated with Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction combined with Chinese and Western medicine. All of the patients were cured and discharged. The drug combination mainly included Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction, abidor, Lianhua Qingwen, moxifloxacin, Qiangli Pipa Lu, vitamin C, glycyrrhizinate diammonium, pantoprazole and Shufeng Jiedu. There is a certain regularity and effectiveness in the treatment of COVID-19 infection patients with the combination of Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction and other drugs, but the rationality and safety still need to be further verified."}, {"pmid": 32271947, "title": "Delivery in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2: A fast review.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Parazzini, Fabio", "Bortolus, Renata", "Mauri, Paola Agnese", "Favilli, Alessandro", "Gerli, Sandro", "Ferrazzi, Enrico"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271947", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few case reports and clinical series exist on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 who delivered. To review the available information on mode of delivery, vertical/peripartum transmission, and neonatal outcome in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. Combination of the following key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and pregnancy in Embase and PubMed databases. Papers reporting cases of women infected with SARS-CoV-2 who delivered. The following was extracted: author; country; number of women; study design; gestational age at delivery; selected clinical maternal data; mode of delivery; selected neonatal outcomes. In the 13 studies included, vaginal delivery was reported in 6 cases (9.4%; 95% CI, 3.5-19.3). Indication for cesarean delivery was worsening of maternal conditions in 31 cases (48.4%; 95% CI, 35.8-61.3). Two newborns testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-PCR assay were reported. In three neonates, SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM levels were elevated but the RT-PCR test was negative. The rate of vertical or peripartum transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is low, if any, for cesarean delivery; no data are available for vaginal delivery. Low frequency of spontaneous preterm birth and general favorable immediate neonatal outcome are reassuring."}, {"pmid": 32469263, "title": "[Renal Monomorphology in COVID-19 with Acute Renal Insufficiency].", "journal": "Praxis (Bern 1994)", "authors": ["Tuma, Jan", "Neugebauer, Felix", "Rohacek, Martin", "Serra, Andreas"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469263", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Renal Monomorphology in COVID-19 with Acute Renal Insufficiency Abstract. A 78-year-old ventilator-dependent COVID-19 patient developed severe renal failure with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 20 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and nephrotic proteinuria. Sonography showed echo-dense and enlarged kidneys with high resistance indices (>0.8). Echocontrast sonography showed a delayed renal perfusion. In the further course of the disease renal function recovered, kidney size decreased and the renal perfusion normalized. An acute COVID-19-associated interstitial nephritis is postulated."}, {"pmid": 32203367, "title": "Coronavirus vaccines: five key questions as trials begin.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203367", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241075, "title": "General practice, COVID-19 and living with uncertainty", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Stone, Louise"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241075", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A lifetime of general practice brings with it the privilege of acquired wisdom. We swim in uncertainty and have learned to work within its scope."}, {"pmid": 32281757, "title": "[Covid-19 in patients on dialysis: infection prevention and control strategies].", "journal": "G Ital Nefrol", "authors": ["Brioni, Elena", "Leopaldi, Donato", "Magnaghi, Cristiano", "Franchetti, Rosalia", "Granellini, Elisa", "Pegoraro, Marisa", "Gambirasio, Maria Cristina", "Mazzacani, Paolo", "Parisotto, Maria Teresa"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 is a disease caused by a new coronavirus presenting a variability of flu-like symptoms including fever, cough, myalgia and fatigue; in severe cases, patients develop pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis and septic shock, that can result in their death. This infection, which was declared a global epidemic by the World Health Organization, is particularly dangerous for dialysis patients, as they are frail and more vulnerable to infections due to the overlap of multiple pathologies. In patients with full-blown symptoms, there is a renal impairment of various degrees in 100% of the subjects observed. However, as Covid-19 is an emerging disease, more work is needed to improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies. It is essential to avoid nosocomial spread; in order to control and reduce the rate of infections it is necessary to strengthen the management of medical and nursing personnel through the early diagnosis, isolation and treatment of patients undergoing dialysis treatment. We cover here a series of recommendations for the treatment of dialysis patients who are negative to the virus, and of those who are suspected or confirmed positive."}, {"pmid": 32331964, "pmcid": "PMC7167566", "title": "CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Haen, Pierre", "Caruhel, Jean-Baptiste", "Laversanne, Sophie", "Cordier, Pierre-Yves"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331964", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247925, "pmcid": "PMC7194516", "title": "Repurposing antimalarials and other drugs for COVID-19.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Schlagenhauf, Patricia", "Grobusch, Martin P", "Maier, Julian D", "Gautret, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247925", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243535, "pmcid": "PMC7184429", "title": "Shenzhen' experience on containing 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia transmission.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Fang, Y", "Zhang, S", "Yu, Zhijian", "Wang, H", "Deng, Q"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243535", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243697, "title": "COVID-19 in posttransplant patients-report of 2 cases.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Huang, Jiaofeng", "Lin, Heng", "Wu, Yinlian", "Fang, Yingying", "Kumar, Rahul", "Chen, Gongping", "Lin, Su"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243697", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic since March 2020. We describe here 2 cases of COVID-19 infection in a posttransplant setting. First one is a 59-year-old renal transplant recipient; the second is a 51-year-old allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipient. Both patients were on immunosuppressant therapy and had stable graft function before COVID-19 infection. After the diagnosis of COVID-19, immunosuppressive agents were discontinued and methylprednisolone with prophylactic antibiotics were initiated, however, the lung injury progressed. The T cells were extremely low in both patients after infection. Both patients died despite the maximal mechanical ventilatory support. Therefore, the prognosis of COVID-19 pneumonia following transplantation is not optimistic and remains guarded. Lower T cell count may be a surrogate for poor outcome."}, {"pmid": 32284146, "pmcid": "PMC7124283", "title": "Keratoconjunctivitis as the initial medical presentation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Can J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Cheema, Marvi", "Aghazadeh, Helya", "Nazarali, Samir", "Ting, Andrew", "Hodges, Jennifer", "McFarlane, Alexandra", "Kanji, Jamil N", "Zelyas, Nathan", "Damji, Karim F", "Solarte, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284146", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with an initial medical presentation of keratoconjunctivitis, the first such reported case in North America. The patient's primary symptom was a red eye with watery discharge, though she did have mild respiratory symptoms, without fever. She was diagnosed with keratoconjunctivitis; evolving corneal findings were characterized through repeat visits to ophthalmology. A conjunctival swab of the affected eye was positive for the SAR-CoV-2 virus. This case emphasizes the importance of ensuring that first-line health care providers, including ophthalmologists, optometrists, emergency physicians, and family physicians, consider COVID-19 on the differential for any patient with recent travel who presents with acute conjunctivitis. Having a high index of suspicion with this presentation would allow for appropriate precautions to be taken to prevent further spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32292217, "pmcid": "PMC7131747", "title": "Opinion to address a potential personal protective equipment shortage in the global community during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Polym Degrad Stab", "authors": ["Dargaville, Tim", "Spann, Kirsten", "Celina, Mathew"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292217", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic is stretching the global supply situation for face masks and PPE beyond production capacity. This is a call for the R&D community, particularly in the polymer degradation and stability arena, to engage and collaborate with virology and bio-medical experts. We require comparative R&D for extended, reuse and recyclability options, as well as large scale approaches and methods that could quickly be applied on the local level by the public who are not experts and may only have limited resources."}, {"pmid": 32388324, "pmcid": "PMC7270738", "title": "Clinical considerations for patients with diabetes in times of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Hussain, Akhtar", "do Vale Moreira, Nayla Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388324", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282061, "pmcid": "PMC7262262", "title": "Editorial - COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Barret, John"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282061", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521987, "title": "[Experience of teaching and training for medical students at gastrointestinal surgery department under COVID-19 epidemic situation].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chang, W J", "Jiang, Y D", "Xu, J M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521987", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In hospitals and medical schools as densely populated sites with high risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is vital to adjust the teaching and training strategy for medical students to ensure curriculum completion with safety. This article aims to introduce the experience of teaching and training for medical students under the epidemic situation at Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University and Zhongshan Hospital. The content includes exploring diversified online teaching models for undergraduate surgery courses and clinical practice, carrying out online graduate education and dissertation plans, and strengthening comprehensive education of medical humanity combined with knowledge of COVID-19 prevention. Through implementation of the above teaching strategies, scheduled learning plans of medical students can be well completed in an orderly, safe and quality-ensured manner. Our experience provides practical solution of medical teaching and could be advisable for other medical colleges and teaching hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32078803, "pmcid": "PMC7133590", "title": "Timely research papers about COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Xiang, Yu-Tao", "Li, Wen", "Zhang, Qinge", "Jin, Yu", "Rao, Wen-Wang", "Zeng, Liang-Nan", "Lok, Grace K I", "Chow, Ines H I", "Cheung, Teris", "Hall, Brian J"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32078803", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319884, "pmcid": "PMC7200848", "title": "Extended use or reuse of N95 respirators during COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of national regulatory authority recommendations.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Kobayashi, Leticia Mitiko", "Marins, Bianca Ramos", "Costa, Patricia Cristina Dos Santos", "Perazzo, Hugo", "Castro, Rodolfo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319884", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274774, "title": "[Obstetric Anesthesia During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic - a Brief Overview of Published Recommendations for Action by National and International Specialist Societies and Committees].", "journal": "Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther", "authors": ["Kranke, Peter", "Weibel, Stephanie", "Sitter, Magdalena", "Meybohm, Patrick", "Girard, Thierry"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274774", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The most common human corona viruses cause common colds. But three of these viruses cause more serious, acute diseases; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS by MERS-CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) by SARS-CoV and COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2. The current outbreak was classified by the WHO as a \"global public health emergency\". Despite all efforts to reduce the surgical lists and to cancel or postpone non-time-critical surgical interventions, some surgical and anesthetic interventions outside of intensive care medicine are still necessary and must be performed. This is particularly true for obstetric interventions and neuraxial labor analgesia. Workload in the delivery room is presumably not going to decrease and planned cesarean sections cannot be postponed. In the meantime, the clinical course and outcome of some COVID-19 patients with an existing pregnancy or peripartum courses have been reported. There are already numerous recommendations from national and international bodies regarding the care of such patients. Some of these recommendations will be summarized in this manuscript. The selection of aspects should by no means be seen as a form of prioritization. The general treatment principles in dealing with COVID-19 patients and the recommendations for action in intensive care therapy also apply to pregnant and postpartum patients. In this respect, there are naturally considerable redundancies and only a few aspects apply strictly or exclusively to the cohort of obstetric patients. In summary, at present it must be stated that the general care recommendations that also apply to non-COVID-19 patients are initially valid with regard to obstetric anesthesia. Nevertheless, the special requirements on the part of hygiene and infection protection result in special circumstances that should be taken into account when caring for pregnant patients from an anesthetic point of view. These relate to both medical aspects, but also to a particular extent logistics issues with regard to spatial separation, staffing and material resources."}, {"pmid": 32302561, "pmcid": "PMC7161511", "title": "COVID-19: Navigating Uncertainties Together.", "journal": "Cell", "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302561", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380269, "pmcid": "PMC7196901", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Consideration for Brain Infection.", "journal": "Neuroscience", "authors": ["Mao, Xiao-Yuan", "Jin, Wei-Lin"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380269", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32185370, "pmcid": "PMC7075270", "title": "Information Typology in Coronavirus (COVID-19) Crisis; a Commentary.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ashrafi-Rizi, Hasan", "Kazempour, Zahra"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185370", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366511, "title": "Developing a vaccine for covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Caddy, Sarah"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366511", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371403, "title": "A personal historical perspective of HIV.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Welsby, Philip D"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371403", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "All animal life on earth is thought to have a common origin and have common genetic mechanisms. Evolution has enabled differentiation of species. Pathogens likewise have evolved within various species and mostly come to a settled dynamic equilibrium such that co-existence results (pathogens ideally should not kill their hosts). Problems arise when pathogens jump species because the new host had not developed any resistance. These infections from related species are known as zoonoses. COVID-19 is the latest example of a virus entering another species but HIV (and various strains of influenza) were previous examples."}, {"pmid": 32512742, "title": "Public Health Emergency and Crisis Management: Case Study of SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Choi, Hemin", "Cho, Wonhyuk", "Kim, Min-Hyu", "Hur, Joon-Young"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512742", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused an unparalleled public health crisis, delivering an immense shock to humanity. With the virus's health consequences largely unknown, different health systems around the globe have pursued various avenues of crisis management. South Korea, troubled early by the virus, was once the second most affected nation in the world. Arrays of measures in South Korea, such as large-scale diagnostic testing and technology-based comprehensive contact tracing, have brought about debates among public health experts and medical professionals. This case study describes the major cluster transmissions in SARS-CoV-2 hotspots in South Korea (such as a religious sect, a call center, logistics facilities, and nightclubs) and offers early observations on how South Korean public health authorities acted in response to the initial outbreak of the virus and to the new waves prompted by re-opening economies. We then discuss the way in which South Korea's experience can act as a reference for shaping other countries' public health strategies in pandemic crisis management."}, {"pmid": 32241328, "pmcid": "PMC7171227", "title": "Limited Early Warnings and Public Attention to Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China, January-February, 2020: A Longitudinal Cohort of Randomly Sampled Weibo Users.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Zhu, Yuner", "Fu, King-Wa", "Grepin, Karen A", "Liang, Hai", "Fung, Isaac Chun-Hai"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241328", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Awareness and attentiveness have implications for the acceptance and adoption of disease prevention and control measures. Social media posts provide a record of the public's attention to an outbreak. To measure the attention of Chinese netizens to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pre-established nationally representative cohort of Weibo users was searched for COVID-19-related key words in their posts. COVID-19-related posts (N = 1101) were retrieved from a longitudinal cohort of 52 268 randomly sampled Weibo accounts (December 31, 2019-February 12, 2020). Attention to COVID-19 was limited prior to China openly acknowledging human-to-human transmission on January 20. Following this date, attention quickly increased and has remained high over time. Particularly high levels of social media traffic appeared around when Wuhan was first placed in quarantine (January 23-24, 8-9% of the overall posts), when a scandal associated with the Red Cross Society of China occurred (February 1, 8%), and, following the death of Dr Li Wenliang (February 6-7, 11%), one of the whistleblowers who was reprimanded by the Chinese police in early January for discussing this outbreak online. Limited early warnings represent missed opportunities to engage citizens earlier in the outbreak. Governments should more proactively communicate early warnings to the public in a transparent manner."}, {"pmid": 32515339, "title": "[Isoflavones have therapeutic efficacy inoestrogen deficiency].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Hellfritzsch, Maja", "Kumler, Thomas", "Hansen, Anette Tarp", "Tang, Marianne", "Berthelsen, Kasper Gymoese", "Fialla, Annette Dam", "Andersen, Anita Sylvest", "Kampmann, Peter", "Hvas, Anne-Mette"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515339", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The importance of venous thromboembolism (VTE) as a major complication in patients with severe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is becoming increasingly evident. In this review, we describe the proposed pathophysiology of the prothrombotic coagulation changes observed in patients with COVID-19. Further, based on a review of the currently available evidence on VTE prevalence in patients with COVID-19, we present and discuss the recommendations from the Danish Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis on the use of thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32341229, "title": "Saudi association for the study of liver diseases and transplantation position statement on liver transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Saudi J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Al-Judaibi, Bandar", "Almaghrabi, Reem", "Alghamdi, Mohammed", "Al-Hamoudi, Waleed K", "AlQahtani, Mohammed", "Abaalkhail, Faisal", "Shagrani, Mohammed", "Sanai, Faisal M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341229", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO), on March 11th 2020, upgraded the status of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from epidemic to pandemic. Over two million individuals have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, and as of April, 14th 2020, there were over 5000 confirmed cases in Saudi Arabia (SA). Many countries, including SA, have imposed major restrictions on travel, and everyday life, and the implications of these necessary changes are being felt in liver transplant (LT) centers in SA. Concerns remain that there is an increased risk for individuals over 65 years of age, with underlying medical conditions, or for those who are immunocompromised. Therefore, the Saudi Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and Transplantation (SASLT) established an urgent task force to launch a statement that can be utilized by LT centers as a guidance in the management of patients with advanced liver disease from the time of LT listing to the post-operative care of transplanted patients."}, {"pmid": 32162702, "pmcid": "PMC7228329", "title": "COVID-19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Long-Quan", "Huang, Tian", "Wang, Yong-Qing", "Wang, Zheng-Ping", "Liang, Yuan", "Huang, Tao-Bi", "Zhang, Hui-Yun", "Sun, Weiming", "Wang, Yuping"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162702", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical data, discharge rate, and fatality rate of COVID-19 patients for clinical help. The clinical data of COVID-19 patients from December 2019 to February 2020 were retrieved from four databases. We statistically analyzed the clinical symptoms and laboratory results of COVID-19 patients and explained the discharge rate and fatality rate with a single-arm meta-analysis. The available data of 1994 patients in 10 literatures were included in our study. The main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients were fever (88.5%), cough (68.6%), myalgia or fatigue (35.8%), expectoration (28.2%), and dyspnea (21.9%). Minor symptoms include headache or dizziness (12.1%), diarrhea (4.8%), nausea and vomiting (3.9%). The results of the laboratory showed that the lymphocytopenia (64.5%), increase of C-reactive protein (44.3%), increase of lactic dehydrogenase (28.3%), and leukocytopenia (29.4%) were more common. The results of single-arm meta-analysis showed that the male took a larger percentage in the gender distribution of COVID-19 patients 60% (95% CI [0.54, 0.65]), the discharge rate of COVID-19 patients was 52% (95% CI [0.34,0.70]), and the fatality rate was 5% (95% CI [0.01,0.11])."}, {"pmid": 32398268, "title": "Lung ultrasound in the monitoring of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Tung-Chen, Yale"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398268", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are the most common severe complications. There is growing evidence regarding the imaging findings of COVID-19 in chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans; however, their availability to clinical staff in this pandemic outbreak might be compromised. At this moment, the role of lung ultrasound (LUS) has yet to be explored. The purpose of this case report is to describe the natural course of the disease in mild infection managed at home. We report a 35-year-old man with recently diagnosed COVID-19 infection. Clinical examination was unremarkable. The diagnosis of mild disease was made clinically which was later reaffirmed by LUS after identifying a bilateral small pleural effusion and a thickened pleural line. During follow up, subpleural consolidations appeared before symptoms slightly aggravated (cough, tiredness and fever). The patient's condition improved after adjustment of therapy at home. LUS is an excellent tool in the characterisation of COVID-19 infection and is more available than CT or X-ray. We emphasise the utility and the opportunity that LUS presents in some clinical scenarios, like this COVID-19 pandemic, and how it may serve as a monitoring and therapy guide."}, {"pmid": 32343682, "title": "Strengths and limitations of mathematical models in pandemicsthe case of COVID-19 in Chile.", "journal": "Medwave", "authors": ["Rojas-Vallejos, Jorge"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343682", "countries": ["Chile"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This short paper focuses on the role of mathematical models to analyze the impact of pandemics on health resources and the different trade-offs that may be included in them. There is a large body of literature suggesting that mathematical modeling may be helpful to estimate how much additional equipment and infrastructure are necessary to mitigate an increase in demand for health services during a large-scale outbreak of an infectious disease. I comment on the crucial role of these models with a special focus on their strengths and limitations."}, {"pmid": 32482414, "pmcid": "PMC7205640", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 11 asymptomatic patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Fu, Bao", "Fu, Xiaoyun"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482414", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301956, "pmcid": "PMC7184385", "title": "After Covid-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wenzel, Richard P"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301956", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464158, "pmcid": "PMC7247486", "title": "Correlation between immune response and self-reported depression during convalescence from COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Yuan, Bo", "Li, Weixin", "Liu, Hanqing", "Cai, Xin", "Song, Shuo", "Zhao, Jia", "Hu, Xiaopeng", "Li, Zhiwen", "Chen, Yongxin", "Zhang, Kai", "Liu, Zhiyong", "Peng, Jing", "Wang, Cheng", "Wang, Jianchun", "An, Yawen"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464158", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Self-reported depression has been observed in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients, infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), during discharge from the hospital. However, the cause of this self-reported depression during the convalescent period remains unclear. Here, we report the mental health status of 96 convalescent COVID-19 patients who were surveyed using an online questionnaire at the Shenzhen Samii Medical Center from March 2 to March 12, 2020 in Shenzhen, China. After obtaining their informed consent, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients, including routine blood and biochemical data. The results suggested that patients with self-reported depression exhibited increased immune response, as indicated by increased white blood cell and neutrophil counts, as well as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. However, the mechanism linking self-reported depression to these cellular changes needs further study. In conclusion, self-reported depression occurred at an early stage in convalescent COVID-19 patients, and changes in immune function were apparent during short-term follow-up of these patients after discharge. Appropriate psychological interventions are necessary, and changes in immune function should be emphasized during long-term follow up of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32378743, "pmcid": "PMC7267280", "title": "Acro-ischemia in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Suarez-Valle, A", "Fernandez-Nieto, D", "Diaz-Guimaraens, B", "Dominguez-Santas, M", "Carretero, I", "Perez-Garcia, B"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378743", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dermatological manifestations of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may include unspecific macular erythematous rash, urticarial lesions and chickenpox-like vesicles1,2 . Acroischemic lesions have been described in two different types of COVID-19 patients. Firstly, critically ill patients with severe limb ischemia and secondly, paucisymptomatic young patients with chilblain-like lesions3 . The etiopathogenesis and clinical implications of these lesions remains unclear."}, {"pmid": 32438951, "title": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: Now is the time to refresh pandemic plans.", "journal": "J Bus Contin Emer Plan", "authors": ["Koonin, Lisa M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438951", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article outlines practical steps that businesses can take now to prepare for a pandemic. Given the current growing spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) around the world, it is imperative that businesses review their pandemic plans and be prepared in case this epidemic expands and affects more people and communities. Preparing for a potential infectious disease pandemic from influenza or a novel corona virus is an essential component of a business continuity plan, especially for businesses that provide critical healthcare and infrastructure services. Although many businesses and organisations have a pandemic plan or address pandemic preparedness in their business continuity plans, few have recently tested and updated their plans. Pandemics can not only interrupt an organisation's operations and compromise long-term viability of an enterprise, but also disrupt the provision of critical functions. Businesses that regularly test and update their pandemic plan can significantly reduce harmful impacts to the business, play a key role in protecting employees' and customers' health and safety, and limit the negative impact of a pandemic on the community and economy."}, {"pmid": 32425248, "pmcid": "PMC7229715", "title": "Survey of ophthalmology in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Surv Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Gittinger, John W Jr"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425248", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212099, "pmcid": "PMC7094991", "title": "COVID-19 may transmit through aerosol.", "journal": "Ir J Med Sci", "authors": ["Wang, Juan", "Du, Guoqiang"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212099", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450750, "title": "How Strong Is the Duty to Treat in a Pandemic? Ethics in Practice: Point-Counterpoint.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Redmann, Andrew J", "Manning, Amy", "Kennedy, Aimee", "Greinwald, John H", "deAlarcon, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450750", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407516, "pmcid": "PMC7239113", "title": "Response to letter to the editor: \"Lung Ultrasound early detection and monitoring in Covid-19 Pneumonia: fact and fiction\".", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Ji, Li", "Cao, Chunyan", "Li, Yuman", "Xie, Mingxing"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407516", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518105, "title": "Rehabilitation after COVID-19: an evidence-based approach.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Wade, Derick T"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518105", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After severe COVID-19 disease, many patients will experience a variety of problems with normal functioning and will require rehabilitation services to overcome these problems. The principles of and evidence on rehabilitation will allow an effective response. These include a simple screening process; use of a multi-disciplinary expert team; four evidence-based classes of intervention (exercise, practice, psychosocial support, and education particularly about self-management); and a range of tailored interventions for other problems. The large number of COVID-19 patients needing rehabilitation coupled with the backlog remaining from the crisis will challenge existing services. The principles underpinning vital service reconfigurations needed are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32210741, "pmcid": "PMC7081067", "title": "Unrevealing sequence and structural features of novel coronavirus using in silico approaches: The main protease as molecular target.", "journal": "EXCLI J", "authors": ["Ortega, Joseph Thomas", "Serrano, Maria Luisa", "Pujol, Flor Helene", "Rangel, Hector Rafael"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210741", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Direct-acting antivirals are effective tools to control viral infections. SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus associated with the epidemiological outbreak in late 2019. Previous reports showed that HIV-1 protease inhibitors could block SARS-CoV main protease. Based on that and using an in silico approach, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 main protease as a target for HIV-1 protease inhibitors to reveal the structural features related to their antiviral effect. Our results showed that several HIV inhibitors such as lopinavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir produce strong interaction with the active site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Furthermore, broad library protease inhibitors obtained from PubChem and ZINC (www.zinc.docking.org) were evaluated. Our analysis revealed 20 compounds that could be clustered into three groups based on their chemical features. Then, these structures could serve as leading compounds to develop a series of derivatives optimizing their activity against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. Altogether, the results presented in this work contribute to gain a deep understanding of the molecular pharmacology of SARS-CoV-2 treatment and validate the use of protease inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32452556, "title": "A novel COVID-19 based truck driver syndemic? Implications for public health, safety, and vital supply chains.", "journal": "Am J Ind Med", "authors": ["Lemke, Michael Kenneth", "Apostolopoulos, Yorghos", "Sonmez, Sevil"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452556", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "U.S. long-haul truck drivers traverse great distances and interact with numerous individuals, rendering them vulnerable to acquiring and transmitting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Together, the unique co-occurrence of pronounced health disparities and known COVID-19 infection, morbidity, and mortality risks suggest the possibility of a novel COVID-19 based truck driver syndemic due to advanced driver age and endemic health issues. In turn, COVID-19 sequelae may perpetuate existing health disparities. The co-occurrence of afflictions may also result in compromised safety performance. To curb the likelihood of a COVID-19 based truck driver syndemic, several action stepsare needed. First, key COVID-19 metrics need to be established for this population. Second, relationships between long-haul trucker network attributes and COVID-19 spread need to bedelineated. Third, mutually reinforcing interactions between endemic health disparities and COVID-19 vulnerability need to be elucidated. Finally, grounded in the aforementioned steps, policies and interventions need to be identified and implemented."}, {"pmid": 32229766, "pmcid": "PMC7188064", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and Acute Myocardial Infarction: Management Protocol From a British Cardiac Centre.", "journal": "Crit Pathw Cardiol", "authors": ["Abdelaziz, Hesham K", "Patel, Billal", "Chalil, Shajil", "Choudhury, Tawfiq"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229766", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449247, "title": "Reply to letter: Acute-onset smell and taste disorders in the context of Covid-19: a pilot multicenter PCR-based case-control study.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Beltran-Corbellini, Alvaro", "Chico-Garcia, Juan Luis", "Martinez-Poles, Javier", "Rodriguez-Jorge, Fernando", "Alonso-Canovas, Araceli"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449247", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We thank our colleagues for their constructive discussion on our recently published study1 . Regarding prevalence, indeed, growing literature yields a variable frequency of loss of smell (LOS) in Covid-19 patients, that may be hypothetically due to differences in the location and amount of viral load, to the different immune response between younger mild-symptomatic outpatients (higher prevalence) and more severely affected inpatients (lower prevalence)1,2 , and to the variable methods of measurement."}, {"pmid": 32210483, "pmcid": "PMC7071545", "title": "The Battle Against COVID-19: Where Do We Stand Now?", "journal": "Iran J Med Sci", "authors": ["Negahdaripour, Manica"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210483", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422085, "pmcid": "PMC7224607", "title": "Cytokine Levels in the Body Fluids of a Patient With COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Report.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Wang, Changsong", "Kang, Kai", "Gao, Yan", "Ye, Ming", "Lan, Xiuwen", "Li, Xueting", "Zhao, Mingyan", "Yu, Kaijiang"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422085", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475829, "title": "COVID-19: bringing out the best in anesthesiologists and looking toward the future.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["McCartney, Colin Jl", "Mariano, Edward R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475829", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489176, "pmcid": "PMC7268272", "title": "Rapid response infrastructure for pandemic preparedness in a tertiary care hospital: lessons learned from the COVID-19 outbreak in Cologne, Germany, February to March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Augustin, Max", "Schommers, Philipp", "Suarez, Isabelle", "Koehler, Philipp", "Gruell, Henning", "Klein, Florian", "Maurer, Christian", "Langerbeins, Petra", "Priesner, Vanessa", "Schmidt-Hellerau, Kirsten", "Malin, Jakob J", "Stecher, Melanie", "Jung, Norma", "Wiesmuller, Gerhard", "Meissner, Arne", "Zweigner, Janine", "Langebartels, Georg", "Kolibay, Felix", "Suarez, Victor", "Burst, Volker", "Valentin, Philippe", "Schedler, Dirk", "Cornely, Oliver A", "Hallek, Michael", "Fatkenheuer, Gerd", "Rybniker, Jan", "Lehmann, Clara"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489176", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused tremendous pressure on hospital infrastructures such as emergency rooms (ER) and outpatient departments. To avoid malfunctioning of critical services because of large numbers of potentially infected patients seeking consultation, we established a COVID-19 rapid response infrastructure (CRRI), which instantly restored ER functionality. The CRRI was also used for testing of hospital personnel, provided epidemiological data and was a highly effective response to increasing numbers of suspected COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32247030, "pmcid": "PMC7194581", "title": "A military perspective on the vascular surgeon's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Rasmussen, Todd E", "Koelling, Erin E"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247030", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377641, "pmcid": "PMC7200130", "title": "Initial data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance provider registries.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Vanjak, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377641", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380370, "pmcid": "PMC7189200", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on the air quality during the partial lockdown in Sao Paulo state, Brazil.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Nakada, Liane Yuri Kondo", "Urban, Rodrigo Custodio"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380370", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic, and in late March 2020 partial lockdown was ordered by the S\u00e3o Paulo state government. The aim of this study was to assess impacts on air quality in S\u00e3o Paulo - Brazil, during the partial lockdown implemented to provide social distancing required due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We have analyzed data from four air quality stations in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil to assess air pollutant concentration variations during the partial lockdown. Data were compared to the five-year monthly mean and to the four-week before the partial lockdown. Overall, drastic reductions on NO (up to -77.3%), NO2 (up to -54.3%), and CO (up to -64.8%) concentrations were observed in the urban area during partial lockdown compared to the five-year monthly mean. By contrast, an increase of approximately 30% in ozone concentrations was observed in urban areas highly influenced by vehicle traffic, probably related to nitrogen monoxide decreases. Although the partial lockdown has contributed to a positive impact on air quality, it is important to take into account the negative impacts on social aspects, considering the deaths caused by COVID-19 and also the dramatic economic effects."}, {"pmid": 32529545, "pmcid": "PMC7289229", "title": "Natural Products as Potential Leads Against Coronaviruses: Could They be Encouraging Structural Models Against SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Nat Prod Bioprospect", "authors": ["Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan", "Senol Deniz, F Sezer"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529545", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New coronavirus referred to SARS-CoV-2 has caused a worldwide pandemic (COVID-19) declared by WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is akin to SARS-CoV, which was the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 as well as to that of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012. SARS-CoV-2 has been revealed to belong to Coronaviridiae family as a member of \u03b2-coronaviruses. It has a positive-sense single-stranded RNA with the largest RNA genome. Since its genomic sequence has a notable similarity to that of SARS-CoV, antiviral drugs used to treat SARS and MERS are now being also applied for COVID-19 treatment. In order to combat SARS-CoV-2, many drug and vaccine development studies at experimental and clinical levels are currently conducted worldwide. In this sense, medicinal plants and the pure natural molecules isolated from plants have been reported to exhibit significant inhibitory antiviral activity against SARS-CoV and other types of coronaviruses. In the present review, plant extracts and natural molecules with the mentioned activity are discussed in order to give inspiration to researchers to take these molecules into consideration against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32275347, "pmcid": "PMC7262276", "title": "Myocardial localization of coronavirus in COVID-19 cardiogenic shock.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Tavazzi, Guido", "Pellegrini, Carlo", "Maurelli, Marco", "Belliato, Mirko", "Sciutti, Fabio", "Bottazzi, Andrea", "Sepe, Paola Alessandra", "Resasco, Tullia", "Camporotondo, Rita", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Paolucci, Stefania", "Pelenghi, Stefano", "Iotti, Giorgio Antonio", "Mojoli, Francesco", "Arbustini, Eloisa"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275347", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the first case of acute cardiac injury directly linked to myocardial localization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02 (SARS-CoV-2) in a 69-year-old patient with flu-like symptoms rapidly degenerating into respiratory distress, hypotension, and cardiogenic shock. The patient was successfully treated with venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and mechanical ventilation. Cardiac function fully recovered in 5\u2009days and ECMO was removed. Endomyocardial biopsy demonstrated low-grade myocardial inflammation and viral particles in the myocardium suggesting either a viraemic phase or, alternatively, infected macrophage migration from the lung."}, {"pmid": 32402610, "pmcid": "PMC7203021", "title": "COVID-19: Neurology residents' perspective.", "journal": "J Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["AlGaeed, Mohanad", "Grewal, Manjot", "Richardson, Perry K", "Leon Guerrero, Christopher R"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402610", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Throughout this pandemic, neurology resident education and service has, and will continue to be, affected during this unprecedented time. Balancing the safety of our residents as well as the anticipated inpatient service demands, we have, and continue to, make changes to meet the needs of our community. Education certainly has been affected but we have made great effort to maintain normalcy. We are leveraging web-based technologies to continue formal didactics. The American Academy of Neurology has provided program directors with various tools to share to provide high-yield academic education. AAN Synapse, distance learning modules, and podcasts are a few examples. Each residency training program will likely face different challenges depending on location and community structure. We have an obligation to help all of our colleagues in the hospital in providing quality and compassionate care during this time of need. Our training and education will only benefit from this experience teaching us lessons on adaptability, the importance of teamwork, and self-sacrifice."}, {"pmid": 32291382, "pmcid": "PMC7240229", "title": "Coronavirus Vaccine: Light at the End of the Tunnel.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Ella, Krishna M", "Mohan, V Krishna"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291382", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently facing an unprecedented global pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Predicting the next source of the pandemic can be very challenging. As vaccination is the best way to prevent an infectious disease, the development of an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 can not only reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with it, but can also lessen the economic impact. As the traditional method of vaccine development takes many years for a vaccine to be available to the society, the vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2 should be speeded up using a pandemic approach\u00a0with fast-track approvals from the regulatory authorities. Various challenges associated with developing a vaccine during the pandemic such as technological hurdles, clinical development pathways, regulatory issues, and support from global funding agencies are expressed here."}, {"pmid": 32376402, "pmcid": "PMC7252184", "title": "Transcriptional landscape of SARS-CoV-2 infection dismantles pathogenic pathways activated by the virus, proposes unique sex-specific differences and predicts tailored therapeutic strategies.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Fagone, Paolo", "Ciurleo, Rosella", "Lombardo, Salvo Danilo", "Iacobello, Carmelo", "Palermo, Concetta Ilenia", "Shoenfeld, Yehuda", "Bendtzen, Klaus", "Bramanti, Placido", "Nicoletti, Ferdinando"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376402", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) has posed a serious threat to global health. As no specific therapeutics are yet available to control disease evolution, more in-depth understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms induced by SARS-CoV-2 will help to characterize new targets for the management of COVID-19. The present study identified a specific set of biological pathways altered in primary human lung epithelium upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a comparison with SARS-CoV from the 2003 pandemic was studied. The transcriptomic profiles were also exploited as possible novel therapeutic targets, and anti-signature perturbation analysis predicted potential drugs to control disease progression. Among them, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), serine-threonine kinase (AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and I kappa B Kinase (IKK) inhibitors emerged as candidate drugs. Finally, sex-specific differences that may underlie the higher COVID-19 mortality in men are proposed."}, {"pmid": 32105614, "title": "Chinese medical staff request international medical assistance in fighting against COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Zeng, Yingchun", "Zhen, Yan"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105614", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515806, "title": "How Will COVID-19 Affect the Health Care Economy?", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Cutler, David"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515806", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32288418, "pmcid": "PMC7137902", "title": "D(2)EA: Depict the Epidemic Picture of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci", "authors": ["Liu, Chenzhengyi", "Zhao, Jingwei", "Liu, Guohang", "Gao, Yuanning", "Gao, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288418", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has aroused a global alert. To release social panic and guide future schedules, this article proposes a novel mathematical model, the Delay Differential Epidemic Analyzer (D2EA), to analyze the dynamics of epidemic and forecast its future trends. Based on the traditional Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model, the D2EA model innovatively introduces a set of quarantine states and applies both ordinary differential equations and delay differential equations to describe the transition between two states. Potential variations of practical factors are further considered to reveal the true epidemic picture. In the experiment part, we use the D2EA model to simulate the epidemic in Hubei Province. Fitting to the collected real data as non-linear optimization, the D2EA model forecasts that the accumulated confirmed infected cases in Hubei Province will reach the peak at the end of February and then steady down. We also evaluate the effectiveness of the quarantine measures and schedule the date to reopen Hubei Province."}, {"pmid": 32253110, "pmcid": "PMC7128728", "title": "Introduction to the special issue: Tumor antigens in the time of the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Semin Immunol", "authors": ["Finn, Olivera J"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253110", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354664, "pmcid": "PMC7141638", "title": "After corona: there is life after the pandemic.", "journal": "Reprod Biomed Online", "authors": ["Tesarik, Jan"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354664", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has focused the attention of medical-care providers away from non-life-threatening diseases, including infertility. Although infertility does not jeopardize the physical survival of infertile couples, it does jeopardize their future quality of life. Human infertility can be caused by a number of factors, some of which are age-dependent, and their effects may become irreversible if appropriate measures are not taken in time to prevent irreversible childlessness. Accordingly, each case of infertility should be evaluated comprehensively to establish its position of priority. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) makes it possible to separate fertilization and pregnancy in time. Whereas pregnant women infected with coronavirus may have an increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes, gametes do not transmit COVID-19. Thus, performing ovarian stimulation and fertilization without delay, freezing the resulting embryos and delaying embryo transfer until the end of the pandemic appears to be the best strategy at present."}, {"pmid": 32478867, "title": "Management of primary skin cancer during a pandemic: Multidisciplinary recommendations.", "journal": "Cancer", "authors": ["Baumann, Brian C", "MacArthur, Kelly M", "Brewer, Jerry D", "Mendenhall, William M", "Barker, Christopher A", "Etzkorn, Jeremy R", "Jellinek, Nathaniel J", "Scott, Jeffrey F", "Gay, Hiram A", "Baumann, John C", "Manian, Farrin A", "Devlin, Phillip M", "Michalski, Jeff M", "Lee, Nancy Y", "Thorstad, Wade L", "Wilson, Lynn D", "Perez, Carlos A", "Miller, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478867", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, providers and patients must engage in shared decision making regarding the pros and cons of early versus delayed interventions for localized skin cancer. Patients at highest risk of COVID-19 complications are older; are immunosuppressed; and have diabetes, cancer, or cardiopulmonary disease, with multiple comorbidities associated with worse outcomes. Physicians must weigh the patient's risk of COVID-19 complications in the event of exposure against the risk of worse oncologic outcomes from delaying cancer therapy. Herein, the authors have summarized current data regarding the risk of COVID-19 complications and mortality based on age and comorbidities and have reviewed the literature assessing how treatment delays affect oncologic outcomes. They also have provided multidisciplinary recommendations regarding the timing of local therapy for early-stage skin cancers during this pandemic with input from experts at 11 different institutions. For patients with Merkel cell carcinoma, the authors recommend prioritizing treatment, but a short delay can be considered for patients with favorable T1 disease who are at higher risk of COVID-19 complications. For patients with melanoma, the authors recommend delaying the treatment of patients with T0 to T1 disease for 3\u00a0months if there is no macroscopic residual disease at the time of biopsy. Treatment of tumors \u2265T2 can be delayed for 3\u00a0months if the biopsy margins are negative. For patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, those with Brigham and Women's Hospital T1 to T2a disease can have their treatment delayed for 2 to 3\u00a0months unless there is rapid growth, symptomatic lesions, or the patient is immunocompromised. The treatment of tumors \u2265T2b should be prioritized, but a 1-month to 2-month delay is unlikely to worsen disease-specific mortality. For patients with squamous cell carcinoma in situ and basal cell carcinoma, treatment can be deferred for 3\u00a0months unless the individual is highly symptomatic."}, {"pmid": 32349113, "pmcid": "PMC7227209", "title": "COVID-19: Special Precautions in Ophthalmic Practice and FAQs on Personal Protection and Mask Selection.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)", "authors": ["Lam, Dennis S C", "Wong, Raymond Lai Man", "Lai, Kenny Ho Wa", "Ko, Chung-Nga", "Leung, Hiu Ying", "Lee, Vincent Yau Wing", "Lau, Johnson Yiu Nam", "Huang, Suber S"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349113", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2, was first reported in December 2019. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020 and as of April 17, 2020, 210 countries are affected with >2,000,000 infected and 140,000 deaths. The estimated case fatality rate is around 6.7%. We need to step up our infection control measures immediately or else it may be too late to contain or control the spread of COVID-19. In case of local outbreaks, the risk of infection to healthcare workers and patients is high. Ophthalmic practice carries some unique risks and therefore high vigilance and special precautions are needed. We share our protocols and experiences in the prevention of infection in the current COVID-19 outbreak and the previous severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in Hong Kong. We also endeavor to answer the key frequently asked questions in areas of the coronaviruses, COVID-19, disease transmission, personal protection, mask selection, and special measures in ophthalmic practices. COVID-19 is highly infectious and could be life-threatening. Using our protocol and measures, we have achieved zero infection in our ophthalmic practices in Hong Kong and China. Preventing spread of COVID-19 is possible and achievable."}, {"pmid": 32514318, "pmcid": "PMC7267289", "title": "Some lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Pharm Health Serv Res", "authors": ["Wertheimer, Albert"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514318", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501640, "title": "On the clinical psychologist's role in the time of COVID-19, with particular reference to experience gained in pediatric oncology.", "journal": "Psychooncology", "authors": ["Clerici, Carlo Alfredo", "Massimino, Maura", "Ferrari, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501640", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic seems to be developing into a planetary-scale mental health experiment, undermining the foundations of our being human, obliging us to keep physically apart from one another, and inducing us to see other people as a potential threat. In the world of pediatric oncology, we have found ourselves up against new challenges. In this article, we discuss the difficulties found in conducting psychological support sessions while complying with physical distancing rules, as well as wearing protective face masks, and even gloves; or while using modern remote communication telecommunications. The classic reasons behind requests for psychological support have been compounded by other, novel problems, such as: fewer relational resources for families at home, less chance to socialize, hospital stays with only one parent, the suspension of all teaching and group activities on the ward, economic difficulties caused by the pandemic, the rising levels of family conflictuality and generalized anxiety. It is essential to find new solutions that can be promptly implemented, reconfiguring the way we humanize our hospital wards."}, {"pmid": 32298412, "pmcid": "PMC7179996", "title": "Estimating the Maximum Capacity of COVID-19 Cases Manageable per Day Given a Health Care System's Constrained Resources.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Giannakeas, Vasily", "Bhatia, Deepit", "Warkentin, Matthew T", "Bogoch, Isaac I", "Stall, Nathan M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298412", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405033, "pmcid": "PMC7220623", "title": "COVID-19 and endoscopy: implications for healthcare and digestive cancer screening.", "journal": "Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Gralnek, Ian M", "Hassan, Cesare", "Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405033", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439366, "pmcid": "PMC7235573", "title": "Arrhythmic profile and 24-hour QT interval variability in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Cipriani, Alberto", "Zorzi, Alessandro", "Ceccato, Davide", "Capone, Federico", "Parolin, Matteo", "Donato, Filippo", "Fioretto, Paola", "Pesavento, Raffaele", "Previato, Lorenzo", "Maffei, Pietro", "Saller, Alois", "Avogaro, Angelo", "Sarais, Cristiano", "Gregori, Dario", "Iliceto, Sabino", "Vettor, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439366", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin combination therapy is often prescribed for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring is warranted because both medications cause corrected QT-interval (QTc) prolongation. Whether QTc duration significantly varies during the day, potentially requiring multiple ECGs, remains to be established. We performed 12\u2011lead ECGs and 12\u2011lead 24-h Holter ECG monitoring in all patients aged <80\u00a0years admitted to our medical unit for COVID-19, in oral therapy with hydroxychloroquine (200\u00a0mg, twice daily) and azithromycin (500\u00a0mg, once daily) for at least 3\u00a0days. A group of healthy individuals matched for age and sex served as control. Out of 126 patients, 22 (median age 64, 82% men) met the inclusion criteria. ECG after therapy showed longer QTc-interval than before therapy (450 vs 426\u00a0ms, p\u00a0=\u00a0.02). Four patients had a QTc\u00a0\u2265\u00a0480\u00a0ms: they showed higher values of aspartate aminotransferase (52 vs 30\u00a0U/L, p\u00a0=\u00a0.03) and alanine aminotransferase (108 vs 33\u00a0U/L, p\u00a0<\u00a0.01) compared with those with QTc\u00a0<\u00a0480\u00a0ms. At 24-h Holter ECG monitoring, 1 COVID-19 patient and no control had \u22651 run of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (p\u00a0=\u00a0.4). No patients showed \"R on T\" premature ventricular beats. Analysis of 24-h QTc dynamics revealed that COVID-19 patients had higher QTc values than controls, with no significant hourly variability. Therapy with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin prolongs QTc interval in patients with COVID-19, particularly in those with high levels of transaminases. Because QTc duration remains stable during the 24\u00a0h, multiple daily ECG are not recommendable."}, {"pmid": 32413354, "pmcid": "PMC7217073", "title": "Age, inflammation and disease location are critical determinants of intestinal expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in inflammatory bowel disease.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Krzysztof, Nowak Jan", "Christoffer, Lindstrom Jonas", "Rahul, Kalla", "Ricanek, Petr", "Jonas, Halfvarson", "Jack, Satsangi"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413354", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435879, "pmcid": "PMC7237873", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spanish children with chronic kidney pathologies.", "journal": "Pediatr Nephrol", "authors": ["Melgosa, M", "Madrid, A", "Alvarez, O", "Lumbreras, J", "Nieto, F", "Parada, E", "Perez-Beltran, V"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435879", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is little information about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children with underlying chronic renal pathologies. From March until April 15, 2020, 16 children with chronic renal pathologies were diagnosed with COVID-19 in Spain. Of these, 6 had end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) (3 transplant recipients and 3 on chronic hemodialysis). The severity of symptoms was mild in all the patients, with little radiological involvement. Three patients were asymptomatic. Fever and upper respiratory symptoms were the most frequent findings. Basal glomerular filtration worsened in 3 patients; however, recovery was rapidly achieved with rehydration and drug dose adjustment. In 2 patients diagnosed with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, COVID-19 provoked a disease relapse. None required oxygen therapy, and 7 could be managed as outpatients. COVID-19 disease appears to have a similar clinical course in children with underlying chronic renal pathologies, even in immunosuppressed cases, as in healthy children of the same age; however, special attention must be paid to fluid management and drug dose adjustment."}, {"pmid": 32251688, "pmcid": "PMC7129532", "title": "China empowers Internet hospital to fight against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Sun, Shuangyi", "Yu, Keting", "Xie, Zhen", "Pan, Xiaoting"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251688", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444876, "title": "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via close contact and respiratory droplets among hACE2 mice.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bao, Linlin", "Gao, Hong", "Deng, Wei", "Lv, Qi", "Yu, Haisheng", "Liu, Mingya", "Yu, Pin", "Liu, Jiangning", "Qu, Yajin", "Gong, Shuran", "Lin, Kaili", "Qi, Feifei", "Xu, Yanfeng", "Li, Fengli", "Xiao, Chong", "Xue, Jing", "Song, Zhiqi", "Xiang, Zhiguang", "Wang, Guanpeng", "Wang, Shunyi", "Liu, Xing", "Zhao, Wenjie", "Han, Yunlin", "Wei, Qiang", "Qin, Chuan"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444876", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We simulated three transmission modes including close contact, respiratory droplets and aerosol routes in labratory. SARS-CoV-2 can be highly transmitted among naive hACE2 mice via close contact because 7/13 naive hACE2 mice were SARS-CoV-2 antibodies seropositivity on 14 days after introduced into the same cage with 3 infected-hACE2 mice. For respiratory droplets, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from 3/10 naive hACE2 mice showed seropositivity on 14 days after introduced into the grids separated same cage from 3 infected-hACE2 mice. Additionally, hACE2 mice cannot be experimentally infected via aerosol inoculation until continued up to 25 min with high virus concentrations."}, {"pmid": 32431217, "title": "Withanone and caffeic acid phenethyl ester are predicted to interact with main protease (M(pro)) of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibit its activity.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Kumar, Vipul", "Dhanjal, Jaspreet Kaur", "Kaul, Sunil C", "Wadhwa, Renu", "Sundar, Durai"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431217", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV) has caused a large number of deaths around the globe. There is an urgent need to understand this new virus and develop prophylactic and therapeutic drugs. Since drug development is an expensive, intense and time-consuming path, timely repurposing of the existing drugs is often explored wherein the research avenues including genomics, bioinformatics, molecular modeling approaches offer valuable strengths. Here, we have examined the binding potential of Withaferin-A (Wi-A), Withanone (Wi-N) (active withanolides of Ashwagandha) and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE, bioactive ingredient of propolis) to a highly conserved protein, Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. We found that Wi-N and CAPE, but not Wi-A, bind to the substrate-binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with efficacy and binding energies equivalent to an already claimed N3 protease inhibitor. Similar to N3 inhibitor, Wi-N and CAPE were interacting with the highly conserved residues of the proteases of coronaviruses. The binding stability of these molecules was further analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations. The binding free energies calculated using MM/GBSA for N3 inhibitor, CAPE and Wi-N were also comparable. Data presented here predicted that these natural compounds may possess the potential to inhibit the functional activity of SARS-CoV-2 protease (an essential protein for virus survival), and hence (i) may connect to save time and cost required for designing/development, and initial screening for anti-COVID drugs, (ii) may offer some therapeutic value for the management of novel fatal coronavirus disease, (iii) warrants prioritized further validation in the laboratory and clinical tests.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32473074, "title": "Coronavirus confinement: a chance to learn on oral cancer. The Spanish experience.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Varela-Centelles, Pablo", "Lopez-Jornet, Pia", "Gonzalez-Mourelle, Alicia", "Seoane, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473074", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287795, "pmcid": "PMC7130703", "title": "African nations step up efforts to prevent spread of coronavirus.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["MacKenzie, Debora"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287795", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296257, "pmcid": "PMC7158768", "title": "[Exercising in times of COVID-19: what do experts recommend doing within four walls?]", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Rodriguez, Miguel Angel", "Crespo, Irene", "Olmedillas, Hugo"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296257", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320359, "title": "The Prevalence, Characteristics, and Prevention Status of Skin Injury Caused by Personal Protective Equipment Among Medical Staff in Fighting COVID-19: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study.", "journal": "Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle)", "authors": ["Jiang, Qixia", "Song, Siping", "Zhou, Jihong", "Liu, Yuxiu", "Chen, Aihua", "Bai, Yuxuan", "Wang, Jing", "Jiang, Zhixia", "Zhang, Yanhong", "Liu, Haiying", "Hua, Jiao", "Guo, Jinli", "Han, Qiuying", "Tang, Yongli", "Xue, Jiayu"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320359", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and preventive status of skin injuries caused by personal protective equipment (PPE) in medical staff. Approach: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online for understanding skin injuries among medical staff fighting COVID-19 in February 8-22, 2020. Participants voluntarily answered and submitted the questionnaire with cell phone. The questionnaire items included demographic data, grade of PPE and daily wearing time, skin injury types, anatomical sites, and preventive measures. Univariable analyses and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors associated with skin injuries. Results: A total of 4,308 respondents were collected from 161 hospitals and 4,306 respondents were valid. The overall prevalence of skin injuries was 42.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 41.30-44.30) with three types of device-related pressure injuries, moist-associated skin damage, and skin tear. Co-skin injuries and multiple location injuries were 27.4% and 76.8%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis indicated that sweating (95% CI for odds ratio [OR] 87.52-163.11), daily wearing time (95% CI for OR 1.61-3.21), male (95% CI for OR 1.11-2.13), and grade 3 PPE (95% CI for OR 1.08-2.01) were associated with skin injuries. Only 17.7% of respondents took prevention and 45.0% of skin injuries were treated. Innovation: This is the first cross-sectional survey to understand skin injuries in medical staff caused by PPE, which is expected to be a benchmark. Conclusion: The skin injuries among medical staff are serious, with insufficient prevention and treatment. A comprehensive program should be taken in the future."}, {"pmid": 32340531, "pmcid": "PMC7232875", "title": "Increasing the Signal-to-Noise Ratio: COVID-19 Clinical Synopsis for Outpatient Providers.", "journal": "J Prim Care Community Health", "authors": ["Sartor, Zach", "Hess, Burritt"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340531", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which is the cause of coronavirus disease (COVID-19 formally 2019-nCoV), has received widespread attention from the medical community. Despite the rapid publication of research on the virus and the disease it causes, there is a lack of concise and relevant material to help busy medical providers navigate recognition and management of the disease in the ambulatory setting. This review article aims to bridge this gap by briefly reviewing the key points of the evaluation and treatment of patients with COVID-19 in the ambulatory clinic environment."}, {"pmid": 32397698, "title": "[Investigation of a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 in Ningbo].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ye, L X", "Wang, H B", "Lu, H C", "Chen, B B", "Zhu, Y Y", "Gu, S H", "Wang, J M", "Pan, X X", "Fang, T", "Dong, H J"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397698", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 after a mass gathering activity in Ningbo of Zhejiang province and analyze the transmission chain and status of infection cases of different generations. Methods: The tracking of all the close contacts of the first COVID-19 case and epidemiological investigation were conducted on January 29, 2020 after a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 related with a Buddhism rally on January 19 (the 1.19 rally) in Ningbo occurred. The swabs of nose/throat of the cases and close contacts were collected and tested for nucleic acids by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. Results: From January 26 to February 20, 2020, a total of 67 COVID-19 cases and 15 asymptomatic infection cases related with the 1.19 rally were reported in Ningbo. The initial case was the infection source who infected 29 second generation cases and 4 asymptomatic infection cases, in whom 23 second generation cases and 3 asymptomatic infection cases once took bus with the initial case, the attack rate was 33.82% (23/68) and the infection rate was 38.24% (26/68). The risks of suffering from COVID-19 and being infected were 28.91 times and 26.01 times higher in rally participants taking bus with initial case compared with those taking no bus with initial case. In this epidemic, 37 third+ generation cases and 11 related asymptomatic infection cases occurred, the attack rate was 2.88% (37/1 283) and the infection rate was 4.76% (48/1 008). The main transmission routes included vehicle sharing and family transmission. Conclusion: It was a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 caused by a super spreader in a massive rally. The epidemic has been under effective control."}, {"pmid": 32285928, "title": "Cloth masks versus medical masks for COVID-19 protection.", "journal": "Cardiol J", "authors": ["Szarpak, Lukasz", "Smereka, Jacek", "Filipiak, Krzysztof J", "Ladny, Jerzy R", "Jaguszewski, Milosz"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285928", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526661, "title": "Endovascular simulation as a supplemental training tool during the COVID-19 national emergency.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Kesselman, Andrew", "Lamparello, Nicole A", "Malhotra, Anuj", "Winokur, Ronald S", "Pua, Bradley B"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526661", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID pandemic raises many concerns as our healthcare system is pushed to its limits and as a consequence, Interventional Radiology training may be compromised. Endovascular simulators allow trainees many benefits to build and maintain endovascular skills in a safe environment. Our experience demonstrates a methodology to maintain IR training with use of didactic and simulation supplementation during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may be helpful for incorporation at other institutions facing similar challenges."}, {"pmid": 32449192, "title": "The negative impact of COVID-19 on contraception and sexual and reproductive health: Could immediate postpartum LARCs be the solution?", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Makins, Anita", "Arulkumaran, Sabaratnam"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449192", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has taken much of the world by surprise. With over 4\u00a0700\u00a0000 infections to date across 188 countries and more than 310\u00a0000 deaths worldwide over the course of just 5 months, we were remarkably unprepared.[1] Although the focus has rightly been on the provision of adequate health care for those falling ill from the virus and the search for a cure or vaccine, we must be aware that looming in the background are the usual health issues that millions of people face every day, and that these will not go away during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32507468, "title": "Measuring grip strength in COVID-19: A simple way to predict overall frailty/impairment.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Ekiz, Timur", "Kara, Murat", "Ozcakar, Levent"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507468", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423607, "pmcid": "PMC7227491", "title": "[semFYC and Family Medicine in the time of the Coronavirus].", "journal": "Aten Primaria", "authors": ["Iparraguirre, S Tranche", "Alvarez, Remedios Martin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423607", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292245, "pmcid": "PMC7110288", "title": "The coronavirus pandemic: How can design help?", "journal": "Res Eng Des", "authors": ["Reich, Yoram"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292245", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311790, "pmcid": "PMC7264631", "title": "Comparing Rapid Scoring Systems in Mortality Prediction of Critically Ill Patients With Novel Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Hu, Hai", "Yao, Ni", "Qiu, Yanru"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311790", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid and early severity-of-illness assessment appears to be important for critically ill patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the rapid scoring system on admission of these patients. A total of 138 medical records of critically ill patients with COVID-19 were included in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics on admission used for calculating Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) and Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) and outcomes (survival or death) were collected for each case and extracted for analysis. All patients were divided into two age subgroups (<65 years and \u226565\u00a0years). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed for overall patients and both subgroups. The median [25th quartile, 75th quartile] of MEWS of survivors versus nonsurvivors were 1 [1, 2] and 2 [1, 3] and those of REMS were 5 [2, 6] and 7 [6, 10], respectively. In overall analysis, the area under the ROC curve for the REMS in predicting mortality was 0.833 (95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0= 0.737 to 0.928), higher than that of MEWS (0.677, 95% CI\u00a0= 0.541 to 0.813). An optimal cutoff of REMS (\u22656) had a sensitivity of 89.5%, a specificity of 69.8%, a positive predictive value of 39.5%, and a negative predictive value of 96.8%. In the analysis of subgroup of patients aged <65\u00a0years, the area under the ROC curve for the REMS in predicting mortality was 0.863 (95% CI\u00a0= 0.743 to 0.941), higher than that of MEWS (0.603, 95% CI\u00a0= 0.462 to 0.732). To our knowledge, this study was the first exploration on rapid scoring systems for critically ill patients with COVID-19. The REMS could provide emergency clinicians with an effective adjunct risk stratification tool for critically ill patients with COVID-19, especially for the patients aged <65\u00a0years. The effectiveness of REMS for screening these patients is attributed to its high negative predictive value."}, {"pmid": 32221132, "title": "In Silico assessment of the impact of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) genomic variation on published real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection assays.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Fan, Hang", "Zhang, Xiang-Li-Lan", "Zhang, Ya-Wei", "Huang, Yong", "Teng, Yue", "Guo, Yan", "Mi, Zhi-Qiang", "Yang, Rui-Fu", "Song, Ya-Jun", "Cui, Yu-Jun"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221132", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343444, "pmcid": "PMC7267369", "title": "Special considerations for elderly patients with head and neck cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Sharma, Arun", "Crosby, Dana L"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343444", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Elderly patients with head and neck cancer are at increased risk of adverse outcomes during and after treatment of head and neck cancer. COVID-19 severity and mortality can be expected to be significantly greater in elderly patients with head and neck cancer, given that increased age, comorbidities, and presence of malignancy are known risk factors for disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, their management requires multidisciplinary consensus and patient input. A thorough geriatric assessment, which has been shown to be beneficial prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, could be particularly helpful in this patient population with the added dimension of COVID-19 risk. In many cases, prudent treatment plan modification may allow for overall best outcomes. Furthermore, recruitment of social services and, when appropriate, palliative care, may allow for optimal management of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32104907, "pmcid": "PMC7217143", "title": "A systematic review of lopinavir therapy for SARS coronavirus and MERS coronavirus-A possible reference for coronavirus disease-19 treatment option.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yao, Tian-Tian", "Qian, Jian-Dan", "Zhu, Wen-Yan", "Wang, Yan", "Wang, Gui-Qiang"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32104907", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the past few decades, coronaviruses have risen as a global threat to public health. Currently, the outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) from Wuhan caused a worldwide panic. There are no specific antiviral therapies for COVID-19. However, there are agents that were used during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) epidemics. We could learn from SARS and MERS. Lopinavir (LPV) is an effective agent that inhibits the protease activity of coronavirus. In this review, we discuss the literature on the efficacy of LPV in vitro and in vivo, especially in patients with SARS and MERS, so that we might clarify the potential for the use of LPV in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32445726, "pmcid": "PMC7239786", "title": "Covid-19 mortality in Italian doctors.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Manzoni, Paolo", "Milillo, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445726", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507411, "title": "Thoracic Surgeons' Insights: Improving Thoracic Surgery Outcomes During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Chen, Ke-Neng", "Gao, Shugeng", "Liu, Lunxu", "He, Jianxing", "Jiang, Ge-Ning", "He, Jie"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507411", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449328, "pmcid": "PMC7246190", "title": "Seventy-two Hours, Targeting Time from First COVID-19 Symptom Onset to Hospitalization.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Na, Baeg Ju", "Park, Yoojin", "Huh, In Sil", "Kang, Cho Ryok", "Lee, Jaekyung", "Lee, Jin Yong"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449328", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501355, "pmcid": "PMC7252103", "title": "Emerging study on the transmission of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) from urban perspective: Evidence from China.", "journal": "Cities", "authors": ["Liu, Lu"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501355", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study presents an in-depth investigation on the transmission of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) from the urban perspective. It focuses on the \"aftermath\" of the outbreak and the spread of the infection among cities. Especially, this study provides insights of the fundamentals of the factors that may affect the spread of the infection in cities, where the marginal effects of some most influential factors to the virus transmission are estimated. It reveals that the distance to epicenter is a very strong influential factor, and is negatively linked with the spread of COVID-19. In addition, subway, wastewater and residential garbage are positively connected with the virus transmission. Moreover, both urban area and population density are negatively associated with the spread of COVID-19 at the early stage of the epidemic. Furthermore, this study also provides high precision estimation of the number of COVID-19 infection in Wuhan city, which is the epicenter of the outbreak in China. Based on the real-world data of cities outside Wuhan on March 2, 2020, the estimated number is 56,944.866 (mean value), which is very close to the officially reported number. The methodology and main conclusions shown in this paper are of general interest, and they can be applied to other countries to help understand the local transmission of COVID-19 as well."}, {"pmid": 32344275, "pmcid": "PMC7177090", "title": "Dapsone, colchicine and olanzapine as treatment adjuncts to prevent COVID-19 associated adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Altschuler, Eric L", "Kast, Richard E"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344275", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399522, "title": "Ultrasonography and SARS-CoV 2 infection: a review of what we know and do not yet know.", "journal": "Med Ultrason", "authors": ["Dudea, Sorin M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399522", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "."}, {"pmid": 32387792, "pmcid": "PMC7191293", "title": "Psychological crisis intervention response to the COVID 19 pandemic: A Tunisian centralised Protocol.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Zgueb, Yosra", "Bourgou, Soumaya", "Neffeti, Aida", "Amamou, Badii", "Masmoudi, Jawaher", "Chebbi, Henda", "Somrani, Naoufel", "Bouasker, Anissa"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387792", "countries": ["Tunisia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In order to manage the urgent psychological need for support in response to the anticipated reaction of the population to the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed a new psychological crisis intervention model by implementing a centralised psychological support system for all of Tunisia. We set up a helpline which is accessible throughout the country, including those without access to Internet. This model integrates medical students, child and adolescent psychiatrists, psychiatrists, psychologists and social services to provide psychological intervention to the general population and medical staff. It will make a sound basis for developing a more effective psychological crisis intervention response system."}, {"pmid": 32245784, "pmcid": "PMC7164391", "title": "A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Yuan, Meng", "Wu, Nicholas C", "Zhu, Xueyong", "Lee, Chang-Chun D", "So, Ray T Y", "Lv, Huibin", "Mok, Chris K P", "Wilson, Ian A"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245784", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now become a pandemic, but there is currently very little understanding of the antigenicity of the virus. We therefore determined the crystal structure of CR3022, a neutralizing antibody previously isolated from a convalescent SARS patient, in complex with the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein at 3.1-angstrom resolution. CR3022 targets a highly conserved epitope, distal from the receptor binding site, that enables cross-reactive binding between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Structural modeling further demonstrates that the binding epitope can only be accessed by CR3022 when at least two RBDs on the trimeric S protein are in the \"up\" conformation and slightly rotated. These results provide molecular insights into antibody recognition of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32375016, "title": "Workforce Survival: Tracking Potential COVID-19 Exposure Amid Socioeconomic Activities Using Automatic Log-Keeping Apps.", "journal": "Popul Health Manag", "authors": ["Xia, Yang"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420710, "title": "Clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective single-center experience of a designated hospital in Poland.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Nowak, Blazej", "Szymanski, Piotr", "Pankowski, Igor", "Szarowska, Agnieszka", "Zycinska, Katarzyna", "Rogowski, Wojciech", "Gil, Robert", "Furmanek, Mariusz", "Tatur, Jacek", "Zaczynski, Artur", "Krol, Zbigniew", "Wierzba, Waldemar"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420710", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first reported case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201119) in Poland, the worldwide pandemic has spread throughout the country, leading to many hospital admissions. There has been an urgent need to determine clinical characteristics of Polish patients with laboratory\u2011confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2011CoV 2) infection in the clinical setting. The aim of this retrospective study was to outline characteristics and short\u2011 term outcomes of SARS\u2011CoV\u20112-positive patients. We retrospectively assessed 169 consecutive patients with laboratory\u2011 confirmed COVID\u2011 19 with regard to their clinical manifestations, radiological findings, treatment, complications, and outcomes. Of the 169 patients, more than half was aged 65 years or older (88; 52.1%), 51.5% were male, and 78.3% had comorbidities. The majority of patients (106; 62.7%) were transferred from outbreak locations in medical facilities. The most common symptoms on admission were fever (42%), shortness of breath (35%), and fatigue (33%). Twenty seven (15.4%) patients required intensive care unit admission. Overall mortality was 26.3% (n = 46) and was significantly higher in patients transferred from other facilities (38 out of 106; 35.8%), than in patients admitted directly to the hospital (8 out of 63; 12.69%; P <0.001). Seventeen out of 29 patients admitted to the intensive care unit died (mortality, 58.6%), including 30 out of 41 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (73.2% mortality rate). Polish patients with COVID\u201119 have similar characteristics and risk factors for adverse outcomes to those observed in countries in which outbreaks occurred earlier. Significantly higher mortality in patients transferred from other centers warrants special attention and transfer policy should be verified."}, {"pmid": 32468229, "pmcid": "PMC7255447", "title": "Melanoma Screening Days During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Strategies to Adopt.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)", "authors": ["Villani, Alessia", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Costa, Claudia", "Scalvenzi, Massimiliano"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468229", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Melanoma is one of the most common cancers, with an increasing incidence worldwide. Disease stage represents the most important prognosis factor; therefore, early diagnosis is essential for melanoma patients' survival rates. Following the outbreak in China, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread all over the world and the majority of dermatological visits have been postponed. These measures could cause a delay in melanoma diagnosis and management leading to an increase of morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Herein we propose an alternative model of skin cancer screening and the organization of screening campaigns in order to detect malignant lesions early during this emergency period."}, {"pmid": 32501301, "pmcid": "PMC7252045", "title": "A rapid screening method for testing the efficiency of masks in breaking down aerosols.", "journal": "Microchem J", "authors": ["Amendola, Luca", "Saurini, Maria Teresa", "Di Girolamo, Francesco", "Arduini, Fabiana"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501301", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The highest risk of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 to be spread through human-to-human transmission has boosted the use of personal protective equipment at worldwide level. In Europe, the medical face masks must be tested to certify the essential requirements in agreement with European Standard EN 14683:2019, and face masks for industrial use in agreement with European Standard EN 149:2009. Due to the need of large quantitative of medical and non-medical face masks in coronavirus outbreak, several Italian industries are working for shift a portion of their manufacturing capacity for producing medical and non-medical face mask. For screening evaluation of the effectiveness of personal protective equipment produced by reconverted industries, ARPA Lazio and the Department of Chemical Science and Technologies of Tor Vergata University have set-up an analytical system able to simulate the respiratory action and to measure the percentage of particles that pass through the face masks using optical particle counter (based on the EN 16890: 2017 that uses the same light scattering principle to evaluate the filter filtration efficiency). This set-up was challenged using face masks produced by reconverted industries and the data were compared with ones obtained using medical face mask."}, {"pmid": 32517639, "title": "Mental Health Policy in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatr Serv", "authors": ["Goldman, Matthew L", "Druss, Benjamin G", "Horvitz-Lennon, Marcela", "Norquist, Grayson S", "Kroeger Ptakowski, Kristin", "Brinkley, Amy", "Greiner, Miranda", "Hayes, Heath", "Hepburn, Brian", "Jorgensen, Shea", "Swartz, Marvin S", "Dixon, Lisa B"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517639", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The response to the global COVID-19 pandemic has important ramifications for mental health systems and the patients they serve. This article describes significant changes in mental health policy prompted by the COVID-19 crisis across five major areas: legislation, regulation, financing, accountability, and workforce development. Special considerations for mental health policy are discussed, including social determinants of health, innovative technologies, and research and evaluation. These extraordinary advances provide an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the effects of mental health policies that may be adopted in the post-COVID-19 era in the United States."}, {"pmid": 32303965, "pmcid": "PMC7163913", "title": "Association between population migration and epidemic control of Coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Ding, Yu", "Luo, Sihui", "Zheng, Xueying", "Ling, Ping", "Yue, Tong", "Liu, Zhirong", "Weng, Jianping"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303965", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358960, "pmcid": "PMC7197588", "title": "Evaluation of COVID-19 RT-qPCR test in multi-sample pools.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yelin, Idan", "Aharony, Noga", "Shaer Tamar, Einat", "Argoetti, Amir", "Messer, Esther", "Berenbaum, Dina", "Shafran, Einat", "Kuzli, Areen", "Gandali, Nagham", "Shkedi, Omer", "Hashimshony, Tamar", "Mandel-Gutfreund, Yael", "Halberthal, Michael", "Geffen, Yuval", "Szwarcwort-Cohen, Moran", "Kishony, Roy"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358960", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 lead to a current pandemic of unprecedented scale. Though diagnostic tests are fundamental to the ability to detect and respond, overwhelmed healthcare systems are already experiencing shortages of reagents associated with this test, calling for a lean immediately-applicable protocol. RNA extracts of positive samples were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 using RT-qPCR, alone or in pools of different sizes (2-, 4-, 8- ,16-, 32- and 64-sample pools) with negative samples. Transport media of additional 3 positive samples were also tested when mixed with transport media of negative samples in pools of 8. A single positive sample can be detected in pools of up to 32 samples, using the standard kits and protocols, with an estimated false negative rate of 10%. Detection of positive samples diluted in even up to 64 samples may also be attainable, though may require additional amplification cycles. Single positive samples can be detected when pooling either after or prior to RNA extraction. As it uses the standard protocols, reagents and equipment, this pooling method can be applied immediately in current clinical testing laboratories. We hope that such implementation of a pool test for COVID-19 would allow expanding current screening capacities thereby enabling the expansion of detection in the community, as well as in close organic groups, such as hospital departments, army units, or factory shifts."}, {"pmid": 32374832, "pmcid": "PMC7239176", "title": "Should international medical electives to resource-poor countries continue during COVID-19?", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["McMaster, David", "Veremu, Munashe", "Jonas, Kpanna M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374832", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386571, "pmcid": "PMC7252187", "title": "Tropism, replication competence, and innate immune responses of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in human respiratory tract and conjunctiva: an analysis in ex-vivo and in-vitro cultures.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Hui, Kenrie P Y", "Cheung, Man-Chun", "Perera, Ranawaka A P M", "Ng, Ka-Chun", "Bui, Christine H T", "Ho, John C W", "Ng, Mandy M T", "Kuok, Denise I T", "Shih, Kendrick C", "Tsao, Sai-Wah", "Poon, Leo L M", "Peiris, Malik", "Nicholls, John M", "Chan, Michael C W"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386571", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019, causing a respiratory disease (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) of varying severity in Wuhan, China, and subsequently leading to a pandemic. The transmissibility and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 remain poorly understood. We evaluate its tissue and cellular tropism in human respiratory tract, conjunctiva, and innate immune responses in comparison with other coronavirus and influenza virus to provide insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis. We isolated SARS-CoV-2 from a patient with confirmed COVID-19, and compared virus tropism and replication competence with SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 (H1N1pdm) in ex-vivo cultures of human bronchus (n=5) and lung (n=4). We assessed extrapulmonary infection using ex-vivo cultures of human conjunctiva (n=3) and in-vitro cultures of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. Innate immune responses and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression were investigated in human alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages. In-vitro studies included the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus (H5N1) and mock-infected cells as controls. SARS-CoV-2 infected ciliated, mucus-secreting, and club cells of bronchial epithelium, type 1 pneumocytes in the lung, and the conjunctival mucosa. In the bronchus, SARS-CoV-2 replication competence was similar to MERS-CoV, and higher than SARS-CoV, but lower than H1N1pdm. In the lung, SARS-CoV-2 replication was similar to SARS-CoV and H1N1pdm, but was lower than MERS-CoV. In conjunctiva, SARS-CoV-2 replication was greater than SARS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 was a less potent inducer of proinflammatory cytokines than H5N1, H1N1pdm, or MERS-CoV. The conjunctival epithelium and conducting airways appear to be potential portals of infection for SARS-CoV-2. Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 replicated similarly in the alveolar epithelium; SARS-CoV-2 replicated more extensively in the bronchus than SARS-CoV. These findings provide important insights into the transmissibility and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and differences with other respiratory pathogens. US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University Grants Committee of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Health and Medical Research Fund, Food and Health Bureau, Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China."}, {"pmid": 32406591, "pmcid": "PMC7272808", "title": "#SendHelpNow: Mental wellness and virtual connection in the age of coronavirus.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Brawner, Bridgette M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406591", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387329, "pmcid": "PMC7202840", "title": "Reply to comment on \"Should anti-diabetic medications be reconsidered amid COVID-19 pandemic?\"", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Pal, Rimesh", "Bhadada, Sanjay K"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387329", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246782, "title": "Respiratory failure alone does not suggest central nervous system invasion by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Turtle, Lance"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246782", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526530, "title": "COVID-19 sampling from the middle ear and mastoid: A case report.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Wanna, George B", "Schwam, Zachary G", "Kaul, Vivian F", "Cosetti, Maura K", "Perez, Enrique", "Filip, Peter", "Javaid, Waleed", "Kandel, Avi", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto", "Govindaraj, Satish", "Genden, Eric M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526530", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366158, "title": "Creation of Educational Videos for Patients Undergoing Nonelective Surgery: Tools for the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Sell, Elizabeth", "Chao, Tiffany", "Shah, Mitali", "Rajasekaran, Karthik"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366158", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, there is a lack of reliable patient-centric educational videos in otolaryngology. In light of COVID-19, otolaryngologists have had to see patients through virtual visits and have been encouraged to send patients home after nonelective surgery. Additionally, most hospitals are not permitting patients' family members and caretakers to enter patient rooms, thus often preventing them from receiving adequate education on postoperative care. Embracing educational videos as a valuable tool will improve communication with patients, especially during the times of COVID-19 and beyond. The goal of this commentary is to describe our early lessons learned in developing educational videos in a streamlined, efficient, and accessible format that can be shared among all members of the multidisciplinary and design production team. Background on the use of multimedia to reduce patient anxiety and frustration with surgical interventions is provided."}, {"pmid": 32512569, "title": "COVID-19 Attacks the Kidney: Ultrastructural Evidence for the Presence of Virus in the Glomerular Epithelium.", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Abbate, Mauro", "Rottoli, Daniela", "Gianatti, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512569", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358216, "title": "CREST-2 experience with the evolving challenges of COVID-19: A clinical trial in a pandemic.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Meschia, James F", "Barrett, Kevin M", "Brown, Robert D Jr", "Turan, Tanya N", "Howard, Virginia J", "Voeks, Jenifer H", "Lal, Brajesh K", "Howard, George", "Brott, Thomas G"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has disrupted the lives of whole communities and nations. The multinational multicenter National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Carotid Revascularization and Medical Management for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis Trial stroke prevention trial rapidly experienced the effects of the pandemic and had to temporarily suspend new enrollments and shift patient follow-up activities from in-person clinic visits to telephone contacts. There is an ethical obligation to the patients to protect their health while taking every feasible step to ensure that the goals of the trial are successfully met. Here, we describe the effects of the pandemic on the trial and steps that are being taken to mitigate the effects of the pandemic so that trial objectives can be met."}, {"pmid": 32027848, "pmcid": "PMC7130021", "title": "Coronavirus in China.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Burki, Talha Khan"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32027848", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468329, "pmcid": "PMC7254973", "title": "Impact of Potential Physiological Changes due to COVID-19 Home Confinement on Athlete Health Protection in Elite Sports: a Call for Awareness in Sports Programming.", "journal": "Sports Med", "authors": ["Sarto, F", "Impellizzeri, F M", "Sporri, J", "Porcelli, S", "Olmo, J", "Requena, B", "Suarez-Arrones, L", "Arundale, A", "Bilsborough, J", "Buchheit, M", "Clubb, J", "Coutts, A", "Nabhan, D", "Torres-Ronda, L", "Mendez-Villanueva, A", "Mujika, I", "Maffiuletti, N A", "Franchi, M V"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370923, "pmcid": "PMC7194696", "title": "Disruption of Arthroplasty Practice in an Orthopedic Center in Northern Italy During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["D'Apolito, Rocco", "Faraldi, Martina", "Ottaiano, Immacolata", "Zagra, Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370923", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has put strain on many healthcare systems around the world, with important consequences. The aim of this paper is to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hip and knee arthroplasties in an Italian high-volume orthopedic center, located in the region of the country first and worst affected by the Coronavirus. Data from an institutional database were retrospectively analyzed to obtain the number of hip and knee arthroplasties performed from February 24 to April 10 2020. The figures were compared with those of the same 7-week period of the last year (2019). The number of hip and knee arthroplasties showed a decrease from 706 in the same period of 2019 to 166 (76.5% less) in the current year. In 2019, a mean of 101 \u00b1 9 hip and knee arthroplasties were performed per week compared with a mean of 24 \u00b1 34 in 2020. Ten patients tested positive for SARS-CoV2 during their hospital stay. Two of these patients died after a regular postoperative period after developing unexpectedly COVID-19 during rehabilitation. The mortality in the 7-week period of the current year was 1.2% compared with 0% in\u00a02019. The outbreak of COVID-19 had a considerable effect in our center on the number of hip and knee arthroplasties that rapidly decreased to 0 in parallel to the worsening of the situation in the country. Efforts will be soon requested because our practice is going to deal with the after-effects of the pandemic in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32282344, "pmcid": "PMC7176260", "title": "Attending to the Emotional Well-Being of the Health Care Workforce in a New York City Health System During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Ripp, Jonathan", "Peccoralo, Lauren", "Charney, Dennis"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282344", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an enormous strain on health care workers, and its potential impact has implications for the physical and emotional well-being of the work force. As hospital systems run far over capacity, facing possible shortages of critical care medical resources and personal protective equipment as well as clinician deaths, the psychological stressors necessitate a strong well-being support model for staff. At the Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS) in New York City, health care workers have been heroically providing front-line care to COVID-19 patients while facing their own appropriate fears for their personal safety in the setting of contagion. This moral obligation cannot be burdened by unacceptable risks; the health system's full support is required to address the needs of its workforce.In this Invited Commentary, the authors describe how an MSHS Employee, Faculty, and Trainee Crisis Support Task Force-created in early March 2020 and composed of behavioral health, human resources, and well-being leaders from across the health system-used a rapid needs assessment model to capture the concerns of the workforce related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The task force identified 3 priority areas central to promoting and maintaining the well-being of the entire MSHS workforce during the pandemic: meeting basic daily needs; enhancing communications for delivery of current, reliable, and reassuring messages; and developing robust psychosocial and mental health support options. Using a work group strategy, the task force operationalized the roll-out of support initiatives for each priority area. Attending to the emotional well-being of health care workers has emerged as a central element in the MSHS COVID-19 response, which continues to be committed to the physical and emotional needs of a workforce that courageously faces this crisis."}, {"pmid": 32461494, "title": "Comments on: All India Ophthalmic Society-Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Consensus statement on preferred practices during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Sampangi, Raju", "Hemalatha, B C"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461494", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196707, "pmcid": "PMC7228290", "title": "The clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients coinfected with 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza virus in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ding, Qiang", "Lu, Panpan", "Fan, Yuhui", "Xia, Yujia", "Liu, Mei"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196707", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since then the novel coronavirus pneumonia disease has been spreading quickly and many countries and territories have been affected, with major outbreaks in China, South Korea, Italy, and Iran. Influenza virus has been known as a common pathogen in winter and it can cause pneumonia. It was found clinically that very few patients were diagnosed with both COVID-19 and influenza virus. A total of 5 of the 115 patients confirmed with COVID-19 were also diagnosed with influenza virus infection, with three cases being influenza A and two cases being influenza B. In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics of those patients who got infected with COVID-19 as well as influenza virus. Common symptoms at onset of illness included fever (five [100%] patients), cough (five [100%] patients), shortness of breath (five [100%] patients), nasal tampon (three [60%] patients), pharyngalgia (three [60%] patients), myalgia (two [40%] patients), fatigue (two [40%] patients), headache (two [40%] patients), and expectoration (two [40%] patients). The laboratory results showed that compared to the normal values, the patients' lymphocytes were reduced (four [80%] patients), and liver functions alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (two [40%] patients and two [40%] patients) and C-reactive protein (four [80%] patients) were increased when admitted to hospital. They stayed in the hospital for 14, 30, 17, 12, and 19 days (28.4\u2009\u00b1\u20097.02), respectively. The main complications for the patients were acute respiratory distress syndrome (one [20%] patients), acute liver injury (three [60%] patients), and diarrhea (two [40%] patients). All patients were given antiviral therapy (including oseltamivir), oxygen inhalation, and antibiotics. Three patients were treated with glucocorticoids including two treated with oral glucocorticoids. One of the five patients had transient hemostatic medication for hemoptysis. Fortunately, all patients did not need intensive care unit and were discharged from the hospital without death. In conclusion, those patients with both COVID-19 and influenza virus infection did not appear to show a more severe condition because based on the laboratory findings, imaging studies, and patient prognosis, they showed similar clinical characteristics as those patients with COVID-19 infection only. However, it is worth noting that the symptoms of nasal tampon and pharyngalgia may be more prone to appear for those coinfection patients."}, {"pmid": 32358880, "pmcid": "PMC7267631", "title": "Head and neck survivorship care in the times of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Huang, Victoria W", "Imam, Sarah A", "Nguyen, Shaun A"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358880", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the arrival of the coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) in the United\u2009States, care practice paradigms have drastically changed. Data from China suggest that the new virus poses additional risks as case fatality of patients with cancer was higher at 5.6% compared to 2.3% of the general population. There are three proposed major strategies to address care for patients with cancer in this SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with postponing treatment for those with stable cancer, increasing personal protection provisions for patients with cancer, and increasing monitoring if a patient becomes infected with SARS-CoV-2. In this present commentary, we discuss the unique mental health challenges and burdens of patients with head and neck cancer in the times of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and approaches to mitigate these stressors through telemedicine to reduce future burdens to the patient and the health care system."}, {"pmid": 32283004, "pmcid": "PMC7175422", "title": "Universal Screening for SARS-CoV-2 in Women Admitted for Delivery.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Sutton, Desmond", "Fuchs, Karin", "D'Alton, Mary", "Goffman, Dena"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349055, "pmcid": "PMC7253049", "title": "Is COVID Evolution Due to Occurrence of Pulmonary Vascular Thrombosis?", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Saba, Luca", "Sverzellati, Nicola"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349055", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this hypothesis paper, we suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may induce intravascular pulmonary thrombosis, which may result in the rapid worsening of clinical conditions and, eventually, exitus. Previously published papers have demonstrated that increased levels of D-dimer at hospital admission correlate with a more severe disease (0.5\u2009mg/L) or occurrence of death (1\u2009mg/L). The potential prothrombotic action of the SARS-CoV-2 is supported by the topographical involvement of the lung regions with a predilection for the lower lobe with peripheral involvement. If this hypothesis is demonstrated, this could suggest the benefit of using antithrombotic/coagulation regimens for SARS-CoV-2 and, at the same time, the urgency to identify drugs that could alter the inflammatory storm, thus protecting the vessel wall."}, {"pmid": 32316712, "pmcid": "PMC7210083", "title": "[Explore the Optimal Resolvent of Medical Needs and Mental Health for Patients with Lung Cancer during Epidemic Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xu, Haiyan", "Yang, Ke", "Yang, Guangjian", "Yang, Lu", "Mi, Yuling", "Cui, Xiaohong", "Yang, Min", "Wang, Dan", "Wang, Yan"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316712", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the rapid spread of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) worldwide and the escalation of prevention and control efforts, the routine medical needs of patients have been restricted. The aims were to investigate medical needs of lung cancer patients and their mental health status during the epidemic periods, so as to provide rational recommendations for subsequent diagnosis and treatment. The questionnaire was sent in the form of an electronic questionnaire at 7am on 4th, March, 2020, until 7am 6th, March, 2020, 368 questionnaires were recollected from 25 provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities) in 48 h. Of the 368 patients, 18 patients were excluded as they didn't receive anti-tumor treatment, and 350 patients were included in the final analysis. 229 cases were treated with oral targeted drugs, and 121 cases were treated with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. 41.3% of patients treated with intravenous chemotherapy or immunotherapy experienced treatment discontinuation, and the proportion of treatment discontinuation in chemotherapy or immunotherapy was higher than those treated with oral targeted drugs (21.0%). Whether oral targeted drugs or intravenous chemotherapy or immunotherapy, more than 60% of patients experienced delays in imaging examinations. Nearly one third of patients developed new symptoms or exacerbation of existing symptoms. 26.6%-28.9% of patients have changed their treatment plans through online consultation. During novel coronavirus pneumonia, 40%-75% of lung cancer patients have mental health problems, and more than 95% of patients support government's prevention and control measures. During the emergence of NCP, the medical needs of patients with lung cancer have not been enough, especially those who discontinued chemotherapy or immunotherapy. When medical institution resumes work, priority should be given to them. At the same time, mental health problems of patients should be valued and resolved timely."}, {"pmid": 32092385, "pmcid": "PMC7127192", "title": "The continuous evolution and dissemination of 2019 novel human coronavirus.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Jiahao", "Ma, Kaixiong", "Li, Huanan", "Liao, Ming", "Qi, Wenbao"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092385", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397515, "pmcid": "PMC7246949", "title": "Analysis of Imported Cases of COVID-19 in Taiwan: A Nationwide Study.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Liu, Jui-Yao", "Chen, Tzeng-Ji", "Hwang, Shinn-Jang"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397515", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the early stages of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, containment of disease importation from epidemic areas was essential for outbreak control. This study is based on publicly accessible data on confirmed COVID-19 cases in Taiwan extracted from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control website. We analysed the characteristics, infection source, symptom presentation, and route of identification of the 321 imported cases that were identified from 21 January to 6 April 2020. They were mostly returned Taiwanese citizens who had travelled to one or more of 37 countries for tourism, business, work, or study. Half of these cases developed symptoms before arrival, most of the remainder developed symptoms 1-13 days (mean 4.0 days) after arrival, and 3.4% never developed symptoms. Three-quarters of the cases had respiratory symptoms, 44.9% had fever, 13.1% lost smell or taste, and 7.2% had diarrhoea. Body temperature and symptom screening at airports identified 32.7% of the cases. Of the remainder, 27.7% were identified during home quarantining, 16.2% were identified via contact tracing, and 23.4% were reported by hospitals. Under the strict enforcement of these measures, the incidence of locally acquired COVID-19 cases in Taiwan remains sporadic. In conclusion, proactive border control measures are effective for preventing community transmission of this disease."}, {"pmid": 32422408, "pmcid": "PMC7227531", "title": "Saliva sample as a non-invasive specimen for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019: a cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Pasomsub, E", "Watcharananan, S P", "Boonyawat, K", "Janchompoo, P", "Wongtabtim, G", "Suksuwan, W", "Sungkanuparph, S", "Phuphuakrat, A"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422408", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amid the increasing number of pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, there is a need for a quick and easy method to obtain a non-invasive sample for the detection of this novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2). We aimed to investigate the potential use of saliva samples as a non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of COVID-19. From 27 March to 4 April 2020, we prospectively collected saliva samples and a standard nasopharyngeal and throat swab in persons seeking care at an acute respiratory infection clinic in a university hospital during the outbreak of COVID-19. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed, and the results of the two specimens were compared. Two-hundred pairs of samples were collected. Sixty-nine (34.5%) individuals were male, and the median (interquartile) age was 36 (28-48) years. Using nasopharyngeal and throat swab RT-PCR as the reference standard, the prevalence of COVID-19 diagnosed by nasopharyngeal and throat swab RT-PCR was 9.5%. The sensitivity and specificity of the saliva sample RT-PCR were 84.2% (95% CI 60.4%-96.6%), and 98.9% (95% CI 96.1%-99.9%), respectively. An analysis of the agreement between the two specimens demonstrated 97.5% observed agreement (\u03ba coefficient 0.851, 95% CI 0.723-0.979; p\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Saliva might be an alternative specimen for the diagnosis of COVID-19. The collection is non-invasive, and non-aerosol generating. This method could facilitate the diagnosis of the disease, given the simplicity of specimen collection and good diagnostic performance."}, {"pmid": 32271606, "title": "Fighting COVID-19 in Iran; Economic Challenges Ahead.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Zandifar, Atefeh", "Badrfam, Rahim"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271606", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358325, "title": "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7).", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358325", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493663, "pmcid": "PMC7200367", "title": "POCUS to Guide Fluid Therapy in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Thalappillil, Richard", "Tam, Christopher W"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493663", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344441, "title": "General Guidelines in the Management of an Obstetrical Patient on the Labor and Delivery Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Stephens, Angela J", "Barton, John R", "Bentum, Nana-Ama Ankumah", "Blackwell, Sean C", "Sibai, Baha M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344441", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection that was first identified in China. Since its emergence in December 2019, the virus has rapidly spread, transcending geographic barriers. The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have declared COVID-19 as a public health crisis. Data regarding COVID-19 in pregnancy is limited, consisting of case reports and small cohort studies. However, obstetric patients are not immune from the current COVID-19 pandemic, and obstetric care will inevitably be impacted by the current epidemic. As such, clinical protocols and practice on labor and delivery units must adapt to optimize the safety of patients and health care workers and to better conserve health care resources. In this commentary, we provide suggestions to meet these goals without impacting maternal or neonatal outcomes. KEY POINTS: \u2022 Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic.\u2022 COVID-19 impacts care of obstetric patients.\u2022 Health care should be adapted for the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32527762, "title": "Risks to Bangladeshi children and young people during covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rahman, Md Sazedur", "Lassi, Zohra S", "Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammad"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527762", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338559, "title": "Low dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia: is there any supportive evidence?", "journal": "Int J Radiat Biol", "authors": ["Salomaa, Sisko", "Cardis, Elisabeth", "Bouffler, Simon D", "Atkinson, Michael J", "Hamada, Nobuyuki"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338559", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399260, "pmcid": "PMC7204931", "title": "Covid-19 and mobile phone hygiene in healthcare settings.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Panigrahi, Sunil Kumar", "Pathak, Vineet Kumar", "Kumar, M Mohan", "Raj, Utsav", "Priya P, Karpaga"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399260", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303741, "pmcid": "PMC7188171", "title": "Will COVID-19 infection be less severe in ulcerative colitis than in Crohn's patients due to a lower rate of smokers?", "journal": "J Crohns Colitis", "authors": ["Peyrin-Biroulet, Carina", "D'Amico, Ferdinando", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303741", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275254, "title": "Videoconferences of Infectious Diseases: An educational tool that transcends borders. A useful tool also for the current COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Gonzales-Zamora, Jose A", "Alave, Jorge", "De Lima-Corvino, Daniela F", "Fernandez, Anmary"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275254", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Not available."}, {"pmid": 32522810, "title": "Fighting on two fronts: drug-drug interactions in people living with HIV infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Eur J Hosp Pharm", "authors": ["Bahap, Melda", "Kara, Emre", "Sain Guven, Gulay"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522810", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303696, "pmcid": "PMC7186930", "title": "Macrophages: a Trojan horse in COVID-19?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Park, Matthew D"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303696", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460184, "pmcid": "PMC7236718", "title": "Projected increases in suicide in Canada as a consequence of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["McIntyre, Roger S", "Lee, Yena"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460184", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Macroeconomic indicators, notably unemployment, are significant moderators of suicide. We projected the number of excess suicides in Canada as a consequence of the impact of COVID-19 on unemployment. Annual suicide mortality (2000-2018) and unemployment (2000-2019) data were derived from Statistics Canada. Time-trend regression models were used to evaluate and predict the number of excess suicides in 2020 and 2021 for two possible projection scenarios following the COVID-19 pandemic: 1) an increase in unemployment of 1.6% in 2020, 1.2% in 2021, or 2) an increase in unemployment of 10.7% in 2020, 8.9% in 2021. A percentage point increase in unemployment was associated with a 1.0% increase in suicide between 2000 and 2018. In the first scenario, the rise in unemployment rates resulted in a projected total of 418 excess suicides in 2020-2021 (suicide rate per 100,000: 11.6 in 2020). In the second scenario, the projected suicide rates per 100,000 increased to 14.0 in 2020 and 13.6 in 2021, resulting in 2114 excess suicides in 2020-2021. These results indicate that suicide prevention in the context of COVID-19-related unemployment is a critical priority. Furthermore, timely access to mental healthcare, financial provisions and social/labour support programs, as well as optimal treatment for mental disorders is urgently needed."}, {"pmid": 32243297, "pmcid": "PMC7173023", "title": "Coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2: A Brief Overview.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Ludwig, Stephan", "Zarbock, Alexander"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243297", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019 several cases of pneumonia of unknown origin were reported from China, which in early January 2020 were announced to be caused by a novel coronavirus. The virus was later denominated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and defined as the causal agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite massive attempts to contain the disease in China, the virus has spread globally, and COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Here we provide a short background on coronaviruses and describe in more detail the novel SARS-CoV-2 and attempts to identify effective therapies against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32424574, "pmcid": "PMC7233193", "title": "Letter to editor: the burden of covid-19 in neuro-oncological patients.", "journal": "J Neurooncol", "authors": ["Giorgia, Simonetti", "Paola, Gaviani", "Antonio, Silvani"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424574", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460532, "title": "Cardiology practice in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Monsuez, Jean-Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460532", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474032, "pmcid": "PMC7255723", "title": "COVID-19 patients with hypertension have more severity condition, and ACEI/ARB treatment have no infulence on the clinical severity and outcome.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Hu, Jianhua", "Zhang, Xiaoli", "Zhang, Xuan", "Zhao, Hong", "Lian, Jiangshan", "Hao, Shaorui", "Jia, Hongyu", "Yang, Meifang", "Lu, Yingfeng", "Xiang, Dairong", "Cai, Huan", "Zhang, Shanyan", "Gu, Jueqing", "Ye, Chanyuan", "Yu, Guodong", "Jin, Ciliang", "Zheng, Lin", "Yang, Yida", "Sheng, Jifang"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474032", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342609, "pmcid": "PMC7267613", "title": "The Use of Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation to Treat Respiratory Symptoms Associated With COVID-19: A Theoretical Hypothesis and Early Clinical Experience.", "journal": "Neuromodulation", "authors": ["Staats, Peter", "Giannakopoulos, Georgios", "Blake, Justyna", "Liebler, Eric", "Levy, Robert M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342609", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a pandemic with no specific therapeutic agents and substantial mortality, and finding new treatments is critical. Most cases are mild, but a significant minority of patients develop moderate to severe respiratory symptoms, with the most severe cases requiring intensive care and/or ventilator support. This respiratory compromise appears to be due to a hyperimmune reaction, often called a cytokine storm. Vagus nerve stimulation has been demonstrated to block production of cytokines in sepsis and other medical conditions. We hypothesize that non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) might provide clinical benefits in patients with respiratory symptoms similar to those associated with COVID-19. Information on two case reports was obtained via email correspondence and phone interviews with the patients. Both patients reported clinically meaningful benefits from nVNS therapy. In case 1, the patient used nVNS to expedite symptomatic recovery at home after hospital discharge and was able to discontinue use of opioid and cough suppressant medications. In case 2, the patient experienced immediate and consistent relief from symptoms of chest tightness and shortness of breath, as well as an improved ability to clear his lungs. Preliminary observations and a strong scientific foundation suggest that nVNS might provide clinical benefits in patients with COVID-19 via multiple mechanisms."}, {"pmid": 32320081, "pmcid": "PMC7264804", "title": "How to Perform Pediatric Lung Ultrasound Examinations in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["De Rose, Cristina", "Inchingolo, Riccardo", "Smargiassi, Andrea", "Zampino, Giuseppe", "Valentini, Piero", "Buonsenso, Danilo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320081", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374952, "title": "Racial Health Disparities and Covid-19 - Caution and Context.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Chowkwanyun, Merlin", "Reed, Adolph L Jr"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374952", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360862, "title": "Virtual Ophthalmology: Telemedicine in a Covid-19 Era.", "journal": "Am J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Saleem, Sophia Mirza", "Pasquale, Louis R", "Sidoti, Paul A", "Tsai, James C"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360862", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss the effects of the SARS-Cov-2 betacoronavirus on ambulatory ophthalmology practices, the value proposition of telemedicine, tele-ophthalmology implementation methodologies, and the accelerated future of telemedicine. Review of the current telehealth landscape including usage, policies, and techniques for ambulatory practice integration. We provide author-initiated review of recent trends in telehealth, governmental recommendations for healthcare delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic, and a PubMed Central query for telemedicine in ophthalmology or tele-ophthalmology. In addition, authors' comprehensive experience in telemedicine design and implementation is provided. A summary describing the present state of telehealth, tele-ophthalmology modeling, care delivery, and the proposed impact of telehealth surges on the future of ophthalmology practice. Recent patient and provider interest in telemedicine, the relaxation of regulatory restrictions, increased remote care reimbursement, and ongoing social distancing practices compels many ophthalmologists to consider virtualizing services."}, {"pmid": 32418258, "title": "For Us, COVID-19 Is Personal.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Blanchard, Janice", "Haile-Mariam, Tenagne", "Powell, Natasha N", "Terry, Aisha", "Fair, Malika", "Wilder, Marcee", "Nakitende, Damali", "Lucas, Jared", "Davis, Griffin L", "Haywood, Yolanda"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418258", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424616, "pmcid": "PMC7234447", "title": "A special symptom of olfactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019: report of three cases.", "journal": "J Neurovirol", "authors": ["Chen, Chen", "Chen, Moxian", "Cheng, Cong", "Chi, Yun", "Hu, Zhiliang", "Liu, Yuan", "Huang, Shan", "Lv, Yanling", "Liang, Chongfeng", "Jiao, Damin", "Yi, Yongxiang", "Zhang, Xia", "Sun, Wenkui", "Wei, Hongxia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424616", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Three patients of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) showed the symptoms of olfactory dysfunction. Clinical characteristics and treatment were retrospective analyzed. Olfactory disorders are uncommon symptoms of COVID-19 in China. Early diagnosis and intervention are keys to the recovery of olfactory disorders. Particular attention should be devoted to olfactory dysfunction."}, {"pmid": 32453191, "title": "Successful electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with confirmed, symptomatic covid-19.", "journal": "J ECT", "authors": ["Braithwaite, Richard", "McKeown, Hollie L", "Lawrence, Victor J", "Cramer, Oliver"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453191", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468635, "title": "Food as medicine: a possible preventive measure against coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Fan, Yang", "Zhang, Yue", "Tariq, Akash", "Jiang, Xiaolan", "Ahamd, Zeeshan", "Zhihao, Zhang", "Idrees, Muhammad", "Azizullah, Azizullah", "Adnan, Muhammad", "Bussmann, Rainer W"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468635", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent and ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a huge global challenge. The outbreak, which first occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China and then rapidly spread to other provinces and to more than 200 countries abroad, has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Those with compromised immune systems and/or existing respiratory, metabolic or cardiac problems are more susceptible to the infection and are at higher risk of serious illness or even death. The present review was designed to report important functional food plants with immunomodulatory and anti-viral properties. Data on medicinal food plants was retrieved and downloaded from English-language journals using online search engines. The functional food plants herein documented might not only enhance the immune system and cure respiratory tract infections but can also greatly impact the overall health of the general public. As many people in the world are now confined to their homes, inclusion of these easily accessible plants in the daily diet may help to strengthen the immune system and guard against infection by SARS-CoV-2. This might reduce the risk of COVID-19 and initiate a rapid recovery in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32379193, "title": "A CASE OF CHILDHOOD COVID-19 INFECTION WITH PLEURAL EFFUSION COMPLICATED BY POSSIBLE SECONDARY MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE INFECTION.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Chen, Hong-Rui", "Zou, Hao", "Xue, Mei", "Chen, Zhen-Bing", "Chen, Wan-Xin"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379193", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case of childhood coronavirus disease 2019 infection with pleural effusion complicated by possible secondary Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Fever and pulmonary lesions on computed tomography were the early clinical manifestations, and the patient developed nonproductive cough later. The hydrothorax in this coronavirus disease 2019 case was exudative, showing predominantly mature lymphocytes."}, {"pmid": 32395910, "pmcid": "PMC7272939", "title": "Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Patients With COVID-19: Pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, or Something Else?", "journal": "J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["Soldati, Gino", "Giannasi, Gianfranco", "Smargiassi, Andrea", "Inchingolo, Riccardo", "Demi, Libertario"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395910", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a very heterogeneous disease. Some aspects of COVID-19 pneumonia question the real nature of ground glass opacities and its consolidative lesions. It has been hypothesized that COVID-19 lung involvement could represent not only a viral effect but also an immune response induced by the infection, causing epithelial/endothelial lesions and coagulation disorders. We report 3 cases of COVID-19 pneumonia in which contrast-enhanced ultrasound was suggestive of consolidations with perfusion defects, at least in part caused by ischemic or necrotic changes and not only by inflammatory or atelectasis events."}, {"pmid": 32415723, "title": "Australian and New Zealand consensus statement on the management of lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and myeloma during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Intern Med J", "authors": ["Di Ciaccio, Pietro", "McCaughan, Georgia", "Trotman, Judith", "Ho, Phoebe Joy", "Cheah, Chan Y", "Gangatharan, Shane", "Wight, Joel", "Ku, Matthew", "Quach, Hang", "Gasiorowski, Robin", "Polizzotto, Mark N", "Prince, Henry Miles", "Mulligan, Stephen", "Tam, Constantine S", "Gregory, Gareth", "Hapgood, Greg", "Spencer, Andrew", "Dickinson, Michael", "Latimer, Maya", "Johnston, Anna", "Armytage, Tasman", "Lee, Cindy", "Cochrane, Tara", "Berkhahn, Leanne", "Weinkove, Robert", "Doocey, Richard", "Harrison, Simon J", "Webber, Nicholas", "Lee, Hui-Peng", "Chapman, Scott", "Campbell, Belinda A", "Gibbs, Simon D J", "Hamad, Nada"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415723", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic poses a unique challenge to the care of patients with haematological malignancies. Viral pneumonia is known to cause disproportionately severe disease in patients with cancer, and patients with lymphoma, myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia are likely to be at particular risk of severe disease related to COVID-19. This statement has been developed by consensus among authors from Australia and New Zealand. We aim to provide supportive guidance to clinicians making individual patient decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular during periods that access to healthcare resources may be limited. General recommendations include those to minimise patient exposure to COVID-19, including the use of telehealth, avoidance of non-essential visits and minimisation of time spent by patients in infusion suites and other clinical areas. This statement also provides recommendations where appropriate in assessing indications for therapy, reducing therapy-associated immunosuppression and reducing healthcare utilisation in patients with specific haematological malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific decisions regarding therapy of haematological malignancies will need to be individualised, based on disease risk, risks of immunosuppression, rates of community transmission of COVID-19 and available local healthcare resources."}, {"pmid": 32243596, "pmcid": "PMC7228366", "title": "Global approaches for global challenges: The possible support of rehabilitation in the management of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Coraci, Daniele", "Fusco, Augusto", "Frizziero, Antonio", "Giovannini, Silvia", "Biscotti, Lorenzo", "Padua, Luca"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243596", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32228732, "pmcid": "PMC7156571", "title": "Epidemiological Characteristics on the Clustering Nature of COVID-19 in Qingdao City, 2020: A Descriptive Analysis.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Jia, Jing", "Hu, Xiaowen", "Yang, Feng", "Song, Xin", "Dong, Liyan", "Zhang, Jingfei", "Jiang, Fachun", "Gao, Ruqin"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228732", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As an emerging infectious disease, COVID-19 has involved many countries and regions. With the further development of the epidemic, the proportion of clusters has increased. In our study, we collected information on COVID-19 clusters in Qingdao City. The epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations were analyzed. Eleven clusters of COVID-19 were reported in Qingdao City between January 29, and February 23, 2020, involving 44 confirmed cases, which accounted for 73.33% of all confirmed cases. From January 19 to February 2, 2020, the cases mainly concentrated in the district that had many designated hospitals. Patients aged 20-59 y old accounted for the largest proportion (68.18%) of cases; the male-to-female sex ratio was 0.52:1. Three cases were infected from exposure to confirmed cases. The average incubation period was 6.28 d. The median number of cases per cluster was 4, and the median duration time was 6 d. The median cumulative number of exposed persons was 53. More attention should be paid to the epidemic of clusters in prevention and control of COVID-19. In addition to isolating patients, it is essential to track, screen, and isolate those who have come in close contact with patients. Self-isolation is the key especially for healthy people in the epidemic area."}, {"pmid": 32125934, "pmcid": "PMC7233393", "title": "Helping the Radiologist: The Role of Scientific Journals to Help Prevent the Spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Li, Xiaohu", "Qian, Yinfeng", "Liu, Bin", "Yu, Yongqiang"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125934", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336644, "pmcid": "PMC7152887", "title": "Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Diffusion when Performing Minimally Invasive Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Novara, Giacomo", "Giannarini, Gianluca", "De Nunzio, Cosimo", "Porpiglia, Francesco", "Ficarra, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336644", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434402, "title": "Psychological health during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Sonia"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434402", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current ongoing pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) has globally affected 213 countries and territories with more than 2.5 million confirmed cases and thousands of casualties. The unpredictable and uncertain COVID-19 outbreak has the potential of adversely affecting the psychological health on individual and community level. Currently all efforts are focused on the understanding of epidemiology, clinical features, mode of transmission, counteract the spread of the virus, and challenges of global health, while crucially significant mental health has been overlooked in this endeavor. This review is to evaluate past outbreaks to understand the extent of adverse effects on psychological health, psychological crisis intervention, and mental health management plans. Published previous and current articles on PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Elsevier about psychological impact of infectious diseases outbreaks and COVID-19 has been considered and reviewed. COVID-19 is leading to intense psychosocial issues and comprising mental health marking a secondary health concern all around the world. Globally implementing preventive and controlling measures, and cultivating coping and resilience are challenging factors; modified lifestyle (lockdown curfew, self-isolation, social distancing and quarantine); conspiracy theories, misinformation and disinformation about the origin, scale, signs, symptoms, transmission, prevention and treatment; global socioeconomic crisis; travel restrictions; workplace hazard control; postponement and cancellation of religious, sports, cultural and entertainment events; panic buying and hoarding; incidents of racism, xenophobia, discrimination, stigma, psychological pressure of productivity, marginalization and violence; overwhelmed medical centers and health organizations, and general impact on education, politics, socioeconomic, culture, environment and climate - are some of the risk factors to aggravate further problems."}, {"pmid": 32352618, "pmcid": "PMC7267343", "title": "Emergency room neurology in times of COVID-19: malignant ischaemic stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Pinto, T", "Luna-Rodriguez, A", "Moreno-Estebanez, A", "Agirre-Beitia, G", "Rodriguez-Antiguedad, A", "Ruiz-Lopez, M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352618", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515367, "title": "COVID-19 National Pakistan Guidelines: Radiological Society of Pakistan (RSP) Recommendations Regarding Utilisation of Chest Imaging.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Khan, Aman Nawaz", "Din, Najam Ud", "Umer, Ummara Siddique"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515367", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32182347, "pmcid": "PMC7184438", "title": "Perinatal Transmission of COVID-19 Associated SARS-CoV-2: Should We Worry?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Fan, Cuifang", "Lei, Di", "Fang, Congcong", "Li, Chunyan", "Wang, Ming", "Liu, Yuling", "Bao, Yan", "Sun, Yanmei", "Huang, Jinfa", "Guo, Yuping", "Yu, Ying", "Wang, Suqing"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32182347", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We presented two cases of COVID-19 associated SARS-CoV-2 infection during third trimester of pregnancy. Both mothers and newborns had excellent outcomes. We failed to identify SARS-CoV-2 in all the products of conception and the newborns. This report provided evidence of low risk of intrauterine infection by vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32353634, "pmcid": "PMC7185015", "title": "COVID-19: Immunology and treatment options.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Felsenstein, Susanna", "Herbert, Jenny A", "McNamara, Paul S", "Hedrich, Christian M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353634", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 causes COVID-19, a pandemic threatening millions. As protective immunity does not exist in humans and the virus is capable of escaping innate immune responses, it can proliferate, unhindered, in primarily infected tissues. Subsequent cell death results in the release of virus particles and intracellular components to the extracellular space, which result in immune cell recruitment, the generation of immune complexes and associated damage. Infection of monocytes/macrophages and/or recruitment of uninfected immune cells can result in massive inflammatory responses later in the disease. Uncontrolled production of pro-inflammatory mediators contributes to ARDS and cytokine storm syndrome. Antiviral agents and immune modulating treatments are currently being trialled. Understanding immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV2 and the resulting delayed massive immune response will result in the identification of biomarkers that predict outcomes as well as phenotype and disease stage specific treatments that will likely include both antiviral and immune modulating agents."}, {"pmid": 32462566, "pmcid": "PMC7251799", "title": "Online Crowdfunding Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Rajwa, Pawel", "Hopen, Philip", "Mu, Lin", "Paradysz, Andrzej", "Wojnarowicz, Jakub", "Gross, Cary P", "Leapman, Michael S"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462566", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207032, "pmcid": "PMC7095065", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hubei, China.", "journal": "Curr Med Sci", "authors": ["Zheng, Fang", "Liao, Chun", "Fan, Qi-Hong", "Chen, Hong-Bo", "Zhao, Xue-Gong", "Xie, Zhong-Guo", "Li, Xi-Lin", "Chen, Chun-Xi", "Lu, Xiao-Xia", "Liu, Zhi-Sheng", "Lu, Wei", "Chen, Chun-Bao", "Jiao, Rong", "Zhang, Ai-Ming", "Wang, Jin-Tang", "Ding, Xi-Wei", "Zeng, Yao-Guang", "Cheng, Li-Ping", "Huang, Qing-Feng", "Wu, Jiang", "Luo, Xi-Chang", "Wang, Zhu-Jun", "Zhong, Yan-Yan", "Bai, Yan", "Wu, Xiao-Yan", "Jin, Run-Ming"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207032", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, COVID-19 has occurred unexpectedly and emerged as a health problem worldwide. Despite the rapidly increasing number of cases in subsequent weeks, the clinical characteristics of pediatric cases are rarely described. A cross-sectional multicenter study was carried out in 10 hospitals across Hubei province. A total of 25 confirmed pediatric cases of COVID-19 were collected. The demographic data, epidemiological history, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiological data, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Of 25 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the boy to girl ratio was 1.27:1. The median age was 3 years. COVID-19 cases in children aged <3 years, 3.6 years, and \u22656-years patients were 10 (40%), 6 (24%), and 9 (36%), respectively. The most common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (13 [52%]), and dry cough (11 [44%]). Chest CT images showed essential normal in 8 cases (33.3%), unilateral involvement of lungs in 5 cases (20.8%), and bilateral involvement in 11 cases (45.8%). Clinical diagnoses included upper respiratory tract infection (n=8), mild pneumonia (n=15), and critical cases (n=2). Two critical cases (8%) were given invasive mechanical ventilation, corticosteroids, and immunoglobulin. The symptoms in 24 (96%) of 25 patients were alleviated and one patient had been discharged. It was concluded that children were susceptible to COVID-19 like adults, while the clinical presentations and outcomes were more favorable in children. However, children less than 3 years old accounted for majority cases and critical cases lied in this age group, which demanded extra attentions during home caring and hospitalization treatment."}, {"pmid": 32519165, "title": "Incidence and consequences of systemic arterial thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Cantador, Estefania", "Nunez, Alberto", "Sobrino, Pilar", "Espejo, Victoria", "Fabia, Lucia", "Vela, Lydia", "de Benito, Luis", "Botas, Javier"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519165", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A high incidence of thrombotic events, particularly deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, has been clearly documented in COVID-19 patients. In addition, small series of patients with coronary, cerebrovascular and peripheral arterial thrombotic events have also been reported, but their true incidence and consequences are not well described, and constitute the objective of this study. From February 1st to April 21st, 2020, 2115 COVID-19 patients were treated at Hospital Universitario Fundaci\u00f3n Alcorc\u00f3n (Madrid, Spain), and 1419 were eventually admitted. Patient characteristics and outcomes were collected by reviewing their electronic medical records. Fourteen patients had a systemic arterial thrombotic event, which represents a 1% incidence in relation to the total number of hospitalized patients. Three patients suffered an acute coronary syndrome, two with persistent ST-segment elevation, one of whom was treated invasively, and one with transient ST-segment elevation. Eight patients had a cerebrovascular event. Six suffered an acute ischemic stroke and two a transient ischemic attack, 50% of them had a Rankin score\u2009\u2265\u20093 at discharge. Three additional patients had a limb thrombotic event, all of them infrapopliteal, and were managed conservatively. All three cases developed necrosis of the toes, two of them with bilateral involvement. The hospitalization death rate of patients with an arterial event was 28.6%. Although COVID-19 may favor the occurrence of thrombotic events, the destabilization and thrombosis of arterial atherosclerotic plaques do not seem to be a frequent mechanism which warrants the need for specific systematic preventive measures."}, {"pmid": 32340733, "pmcid": "PMC7158777", "title": "Rapid ramp-up of powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) training for infection prevention and control during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Chen, Qingyan", "Lim, Beatrice", "Ong, Shimin", "Wong, Wan-Yi", "Kong, Yu-Chin"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340733", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410815, "pmcid": "PMC7221382", "title": "The COvid-19 Vascular sERvice (COVER) Study: An International Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) Collaborative Study Assessing the Provision, Practice, and Outcomes of Vascular Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg", "authors": ["Benson, Ruth A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410815", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32178593, "pmcid": "PMC7103712", "title": "Emerging WuHan (COVID-19) coronavirus: glycan shield and structure prediction of spike glycoprotein and its interaction with human CD26.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Vankadari, Naveen", "Wilce, Jacqueline A"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178593", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of pneumonia-causing COVID-19 in China is an urgent global public health issue with an increase in mortality and morbidity. Here we report our modelled homo-trimer structure of COVID-19 spike glycoprotein in both closed (ligand-free) and open (ligand-bound) conformation, which is involved in host cell adhesion. We also predict the unique N- and O-linked glycosylation sites of spike glycoprotein that distinguish it from the SARS and underlines shielding and camouflage of COVID-19 from the host the defence system. Furthermore, our study also highlights the key finding that the S1 domain of COVID-19 spike glycoprotein potentially interacts with the human CD26, a key immunoregulatory factor for hijacking and virulence. These findings accentuate the unique features of COVID-19 and assist in the development of new therapeutics."}, {"pmid": 32266754, "pmcid": "PMC7235495", "title": "COVID-19: Risk groups, mechanistic insights and challenges.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Stein, Richard Albert"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266754", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385510, "pmcid": "PMC7239099", "title": "Letter: Preliminary National Survey Results Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Students Pursuing Careers in Neurosurgery.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Garcia, Roxanna M", "Reynolds, Rebecca A", "Weiss, Hannah K", "Chambless, Lola B", "Lam, Sandi", "Dahdaleh, Nader S", "Rosseau, Gail"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385510", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371384, "title": "Covid-19: GPs have a fortnight to start organising weekly care home reviews, says NHS.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371384", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394092, "pmcid": "PMC7213539", "title": "Mental health services for children in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of an expert-based national survey among child and adolescent psychiatric hospitals.", "journal": "Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Cui, Yonghua", "Li, Ying", "Zheng, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394092", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530893, "title": "Terminology, communication, and information systems in nonoperating room anaesthesia in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Curr Opin Anaesthesiol", "authors": ["Jelly, Christina A", "Ende, Holly", "Freundlich, Robert E"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530893", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nonoperating room anaesthesia (NORA) is a rapidly growing and important area of anaesthesia care. We would contend that anaesthesia informatics principles and innovations that have been widely applied in numerous diverse domains could be successfully applied in NORA environments, resulting in significant improvements in anaesthesia care delivery. We highlight key recent studies from the perioperative and informatics literature, placing each in the context of how it has, or how it may conceivably be applied to, improved NORA care. There is significant opportunity for anaesthesiologists and clinical informaticians to collaborate and apply major advances in the perioperative informatics field to NORA environments, particularly given rapid recent changes in the field during the COVID-19 epidemic. Given the complexity of NORA patients and care delivered in NORA environments, applied clinical informatics has the potential to drastically improve care delivered."}, {"pmid": 32493967, "title": "Global supply-chain effects of COVID-19 control measures.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["Guan, Dabo", "Wang, Daoping", "Hallegatte, Stephane", "Davis, Steven J", "Huo, Jingwen", "Li, Shuping", "Bai, Yangchun", "Lei, Tianyang", "Xue, Qianyu", "Coffman, D'Maris", "Cheng, Danyang", "Chen, Peipei", "Liang, Xi", "Xu, Bing", "Lu, Xiaosheng", "Wang, Shouyang", "Hubacek, Klaus", "Gong, Peng"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493967", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Countries have sought to stop the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by severely restricting travel and in-person commercial activities. Here, we analyse the supply-chain effects of a set of idealized lockdown scenarios, using the latest global trade modelling framework. We find that supply-chain losses that are related to initial COVID-19 lockdowns are largely dependent on the number of countries imposing restrictions and that losses are more sensitive to the duration of a lockdown than its strictness. However, a longer containment that can eradicate the disease imposes a smaller loss than shorter ones. Earlier, stricter and shorter lockdowns can minimize overall losses. A 'go-slow' approach to lifting restrictions may reduce overall damages if it avoids the need for further lockdowns. Regardless of the strategy, the complexity of global supply chains will magnify losses beyond the direct effects of COVID-19. Thus, pandemic control is a public good that requires collective efforts and support to lower-capacity countries."}, {"pmid": 32405075, "pmcid": "PMC7217770", "title": "Surgical perspectives and patways in an emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Alemanno, Giovanni", "Tomaiuolo, Matteo", "Peris, Adriano", "Batacchi, Stefano", "Nozzoli, Carlo", "Prosperi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514682, "title": "Managing anticoagulation in the COVID-19 era between lockdown and reopening phases.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Poli, Daniela", "Tosetto, Alberto", "Palareti, Gulatiero", "Barcellona, Doris", "Ciampa, Antonio", "Grandone, Elvira", "Manotti, Cesare", "Moia, Marco", "Squizzato, Alessandro", "Toschi, Vincenzo", "Testa, Sophie"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514682", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients on anticoagulant treatment are constantly increasing, with an estimated prevalence in Italy of 2% of the total population. The recent spreadout of the COVID-19 pandemic requires a re-organization of Anticoagulation Clinics to prevent person-to-person viral diffusion and continue to offer the highest possible quality of assistance to patients. In this paper, based on the Italian Federation of Anticoagulation Clinics statements, we offer some advice aimed at improving patient care during COVID-19 pandemic, with particular regard to the lockdown and reopening periods. We give practical guidance regarding the following points: (1) re-thinking the AC organization, (2) managing patients on anticoagulants when they become infected by the virus, (3) managing anticoagulation surveillance in non-infected patients during the lockdown period, and (4) organizing the activities during the reopening phases."}, {"pmid": 32360484, "pmcid": "PMC7194979", "title": "Chemical composition and pharmacological mechanism of Qingfei Paidu Decoction and Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): In silico and experimental study.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Yang, Ruocong", "Liu, Hao", "Bai, Chen", "Wang, Yingchao", "Zhang, Xiaohui", "Guo, Rui", "Wu, Siying", "Wang, Jianxun", "Leung, Elaine", "Chang, Hang", "Li, Peng", "Liu, Tiegang", "Wang, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360484", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a huge threaten to global health, which raise urgent demand of developing efficient therapeutic strategy. The aim of the present study is to dissect the chemical composition and the pharmacological mechanism of Qingfei Paidu Decoction (QFPD), a clinically used Chinese medicine for treating COVID-19 patients in China. Through comprehensive analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS), a total of 129 compounds of QFPD were putatively identified. We also constructed molecular networking of mass spectrometry data to classify these compounds into 14 main clusters, in which exhibited specific patterns of flavonoids (45 %), glycosides (15 %), carboxylic acids (10 %), and saponins (5 %). The target network model of QFPD, established by predicting and collecting the targets of identified compounds, indicated a pivotal role of Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction (MXSG) in the therapeutic efficacy of QFPD. Supportively, through transcriptomic analysis of gene expression after MXSG administration in rat model of LPS-induced pneumonia, the thrombin and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway were suggested to be essential pathways for MXSG mediated anti-inflammatory effects. Besides, changes in content of major compounds in MXSG during decoction were found by the chemical analysis. We also validate that one major compound in MXSG, i.e. glycyrrhizic acid, inhibited TLR agonists induced IL-6 production in macrophage. In conclusion, the integration of in silico and experimental results indicated that the therapeutic effects of QFPD against COVID-19 may be attributed to the anti-inflammatory effects of MXSG, which supports the rationality of the compatibility of TCM."}, {"pmid": 32219362, "title": "Association of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With Myocardial Injury and Mortality.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Bonow, Robert O", "Fonarow, Gregg C", "O'Gara, Patrick T", "Yancy, Clyde W"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219362", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475028, "title": "The life in Japan and status of private dental office at the times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Tada, Hidesuke", "Shao, Wenhua", "Ishimaru, Naozumi", "Kudo, Yasusei"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475028", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221171, "pmcid": "PMC7172565", "title": "Neuraxial procedures in COVID-19 positive parturients: a review of current reports.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Bauer, Melissa E", "Chiware, Ruth", "Pancaro, Carlo"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221171", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420943, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adolescents: An update on current clinical and diagnostic characteristics.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["De Sanctis, Vincenzo", "Ruggiero, Leopoldo", "Soliman, Ashraf T", "Daar, Shahina", "Di Maio, Salvatore", "Kattamis, Christos"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420943", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is defined as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, fatigue, cough, breathing difficulty that may lead to respiratory distress; a small population of patients may have diarrhea, nausea or vomiting. The highest infection rate occurs in adults; however, neonates, children, and adolescents can also be infected. As the outbreak continues to spread worldwide, attention has switched toward determinants of clinical manifes- tations and disease severity. The situation surrounding the outbreak is rapidly evolving and the information and recommendations are changing as new information becomes available. This paper summarises the cur- rent findings (April 3,2020) from a systematic literature review on the current knowledge of COVID-19 in adolescents (10-19 years according to the WHO definition) and reports the preliminary epidemiological data stated by the Italian National Institute of Health."}, {"pmid": 32471655, "pmcid": "PMC7237904", "title": "Overwhelming COVID-19 Clinical Trials: Call for Prospective Meta-Analyses.", "journal": "Trends Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Ma, Zhongren", "Liu, Jiaye", "Pan, Qiuwei"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471655", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506364, "title": "Hyperacute multi-organ thromboembolic storm in COVID-19: a case report.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Chibane, Sarah", "Gibeau, Guillaume", "Poulin, Frederic", "Tessier, Pierre", "Goulet, Michelle", "Carrier, Marc", "Lanthier, Sylvain"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506364", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute viral pneumonia, hypoxemic respiratory failure and severe inflammatory response are hallmarks of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19-associated inflammatory state may further lead to symptomatic thromboembolic complications despite prophylaxis. We report a 66-year-old female patient with post-mortem diagnosis of COVID-19 who presented progressive livedo racemosa, acute renal failure and myocardial injury, as well as an absence of respiratory symptoms. Transthoracic echocardiography showed severe spontaneous echo contrast in the right cardiac chambers and right-sided cardiac overload presumed to result from pulmonary microvascular thrombosis or embolism. D-dimer levels were increased. The patient developed an acute ischemic stroke and died 2\u00a0days following presentation despite therapeutic anticoagulation. Her predominantly thromboembolic presentation supports the concept of coronavirus infection of endothelial cells and hypercoagulability, or COVID-19 endotheliitis. The case we report highlights that COVID-19-associated hyperacute multi-organ thromboembolic storm may precede or present disproportionately to respiratory involvement."}, {"pmid": 32529116, "pmcid": "PMC7243793", "title": "Chemistry and Biology of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Chem", "authors": ["Domling, Alexander", "Gao, Li"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529116", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV or Wuhan coronavirus) caused an unprecedented fast-spreading worldwide pandemic. Although currently with a rather low mortality rate, the virus spread rapidly over the world using the modern world's traffic highways. The coronavirus (CoV) family members were responsible for several deadly outbreaks and epidemics during the last decade. Not only governments but also the scientific community reacted promptly to the outbreak, and information is shared quickly. For example, the genetic fingerprint was shared, and the 3D structure of key proteins was rapidly solved, which can be used for the discovery of potential treatments. An overview is given on the current knowledge of the spread, disease course, and molecular biology of SARS-CoV-2. We discuss potential treatment developments in the context of recent outbreaks, drug repurposing, and development timelines."}, {"pmid": 32363911, "title": "Telepsychiatry as a public health imperative: Slowing COVID-19.", "journal": "Aust N Z J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Khanna, Rahul", "Forbes, Malcom"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450416, "pmcid": "PMC7236729", "title": "University students' mental health amidst the COVID-19 quarantine in Greece.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Kaparounaki, Chrysi K", "Patsali, Mikaella E", "Mousa, Danai-Priskila V", "Papadopoulou, Eleni V K", "Papadopoulou, Konstantina K K", "Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450416", "countries": ["Greece"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 hit also Greece but due to early measures and their exceptional success, the death toll is one of the lowest in the world. Here we report the results from the analysis of the responses to an online survey, from the first 1000 university students, concerning the impact of the lockdown on their mental health. Overall, there was a 'horizontal' increase in scores; 42.5% for anxiety, 74.3% for depression, and 63.3% increase in total suicidal thoughts. Quantity of sleep increased in 66.3% but quality worsened in 43.0%. Quality of life worsened in 57.0% (same in 27.9%). There was a 25-3 fold increase in possible clinical cases of depression and an almost 8-fold increase in suicidal thoughts. Almost a third accept and one fifth are open to conspiracy theories concerning COVID-19. To our knowledge this is the first study reporting data concerning the impact of lockdown and quarantine on the mental health of university students. While the acute impact seems clear, the long-term consequences are unknown and although suicidal thoughts have risen substantially, it seems unlikely this will result in deaths. However, the results constitute a clear message that vulnerable populations are at a need for specific interventions concerning their mental health issues."}, {"pmid": 32496258, "title": "COVID-19 epidemiology: Through the eyes of vernacular newspapers.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Mahima, B N", "Tiwari, Hemant Kr", "Mahapatra, Payel", "Amudhan, Senthil", "Rao, Girish N"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496258", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Media plays an indispensable role in society to influence health literacy. To document COVID-19 coverage in Kannada daily newspapers, hardcopies of 455 editions were methodically reviewed. Content analysis and data coding of 11 of the possible 60 terms/concepts related to COVID-19 epidemiology, was undertaken. Across dailies, five different dimensions in reporting documented: reporting of statistics - both numbers and manner of reporting, reporting of epidemiological concepts/terms (frequency of use and frequency of reporting), focus of reporting, density of reporting and finally what is not reported which could have been reported (desirable reporting). Numbers were reported as headlines; >25% of listed items were covered; however, 20% of terms not covered would have helped. We looked at \"News\" as epidemiological information and identified the gaps in reporting. We conclude that vernacular print media in Karnataka has done a commendable job. A media communication plan is urgently needed."}, {"pmid": 32349382, "title": "An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for Remote Health Monitoring Using Impulse Radio UWB Transceiver.", "journal": "Sensors (Basel)", "authors": ["Khan, Faheem", "Ghaffar, Asim", "Khan, Naeem", "Cho, Sung Ho"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349382", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Non-invasive remote health monitoring plays a vital role in epidemiological situations such as SARS outbreak (2003), MERS (2015) and the recently ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 because it is extremely risky to get close to the patient due to the spread of contagious infections. Non-invasive monitoring is also extremely necessary in situations where it is difficult to use complicated wired connections, such as ECG monitoring for infants, burn victims or during rescue missions when people are buried during building collapses/earthquakes. Due to the unique characteristics such as higher penetration capabilities, extremely precise ranging, low power requirement, low cost, simple hardware and robustness to multipath interferences, Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) technology is appropriate for non-invasive medical applications. IR-UWB sensors detect the macro as well as micro movement inside the human body due to its fine range resolution. The two vital signs, i.e., respiration rate and heart rate, can be measured by IR-UWB radar by measuring the change in the magnitude of signal due to displacement caused by human lungs, heart during respiration and heart beating. This paper reviews recent advances in IR- UWB radar sensor design for healthcare, such as vital signs measurements of a stationary human, vitals of a non-stationary human, vital signs of people in a vehicle, through the wall vitals measurement, neonate's health monitoring, fall detection, sleep monitoring and medical imaging. Although we have covered many topics related to health monitoring using IR-UWB, this paper is mainly focused on signal processing techniques for measurement of vital signs, i.e., respiration and heart rate monitoring."}, {"pmid": 32345749, "title": "Outpatient Management of the Kidney Transplant Recipient during the SARS-CoV-2 Virus Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Gleeson, Shana E", "Formica, Richard N", "Marin, Ethan P"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345749", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32056396, "pmcid": "PMC7039716", "title": "Pneumonia Associated with 2019 Novel Coronavirus: Can Computed Tomographic Findings Help Predict the Prognosis of the Disease?", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Lee, Kyung Soo"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32056396", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419599, "title": "Are there positive lessons for Italy's NHS resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Baldino, Gennaro", "Argo, Antonella", "Stassi, Chiara", "Zerbo, Stefania", "Ventura Spagnolo, Elvira"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419599", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The authors evaluate the importance of prevention measures and health care from their own experience and briefly analyse the factors that may have contributed to the rapid spread of Covid-19 in Italy, and hope this will feed into appropriate and new and improved health policies."}, {"pmid": 32524963, "title": "Perspectives on Battling COVID-19 in Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Andrus, Jon Kim", "Evans-Gilbert, Tracy", "Santos, Jose Ignacio", "Guzman, Maria G", "Rosenthal, Philip J", "Toscano, Cristiana", "Valenzuela, Maria Teresa", "Siqueira, Marilda", "Etienne, Carissa", "Breman, Joel G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524963", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Perspectives on Battling COVID-19 in Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean."}, {"pmid": 32353270, "pmcid": "PMC7185931", "title": "Public health messaging and harm reduction in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Karamouzian, Mohammad", "Johnson, Cheyenne", "Kerr, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353270", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398188, "title": "A Positive-Pressure Environment Disposable Shield (PEDS) for COVID-19 Health Care Worker Protection.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Chien, Li-Chien", "Bey, Christian K", "Koenig, Kristi L"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398188", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has strained health care system resources and reduced the availability of life-sustaining and medical-grade personal protective equipment (PPE) though the combination of increased demand and disrupted manufacturing supply chains. As a result of these shortages, many health care providers have temporarily used largely untested, improvised PPE (iPPE). Lack of quality control for makeshift PPE and frequent repurposing of used items to conserve supplies increases both the risk of provider infection and nosocomial spread to uninfected patients. One strategy to reduce risk of infection and preserve existing equipment is the implementation of secondary barrier devices placed directly over patients or providers. The authors describe an inexpensive, disposable, positive-pressure head isolation unit that can be rapidly constructed from materials readily available in nearly all health care settings for under five US dollars. The unit was successfully deployed in Taiwan during the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak, and again during the COVID-19 pandemic. The iPPE worn directly by the health care workers (HCWs) can be donned prior to patient contact in the presence of an air source. This strategy may be more protective than a covering placed over the patient in an aerosol-generating environment, which requires the HCW to be in close contact with the patient prior to securing the protective device."}, {"pmid": 32457212, "title": "COVID-19 Transmission and Children: The Child is Not to Blame.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Lee, Benjamin", "Raszka, William V Jr"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457212", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393874, "title": "Coronavirus is spreading under the radar in US homeless shelters.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393874", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32161940, "pmcid": "PMC7108125", "title": "Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qin, Chuan", "Zhou, Luoqi", "Hu, Ziwei", "Zhang, Shuoqi", "Yang, Sheng", "Tao, Yu", "Xie, Cuihong", "Ma, Ke", "Shang, Ke", "Wang, Wei", "Tian, Dai-Shi"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161940", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan and rapidly spread throughout China. Demographic and clinical data of all confirmed cases with COVID-19 on admission at Tongji Hospital from January 10 to February 12, 2020, were collected and analyzed. The data of laboratory examinations, including peripheral lymphocyte subsets, were analyzed and compared between severe and non-severe patients. Of the 452 patients with COVID-19 recruited, 286 were diagnosed as severe infection. The median age was 58 years and 235 were male. The most common symptoms were fever, shortness of breath, expectoration, fatigue, dry cough and myalgia. Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocytes counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of na\u00efve helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. The novel coronavirus might mainly act on lymphocytes, especially T lymphocytes. Surveillance of NLR and lymphocyte subsets is helpful in the early screening of critical illness, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32451002, "pmcid": "PMC7243771", "title": "Implications of the current COVID-19 pandemic for communication in healthcare.", "journal": "Patient Educ Couns", "authors": ["Rubinelli, Sara", "Myers, Kara", "Rosenbaum, Marcy", "Davis, Denise"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451002", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347772, "title": "National Response to COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea and Lessons Learned for Other Countries.", "journal": "Health Syst Reform", "authors": ["Oh, Juhwan", "Lee, Jong-Koo", "Schwarz, Dan", "Ratcliffe, Hannah L", "Markuns, Jeffrey F", "Hirschhorn, Lisa R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347772", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Republic of Korea (South Korea) had the second highest number of cases globally yet was able to dramatically lower the incidence of new cases and sustain a low mortality rate, making it a promising example of strong national response. We describe the main strategies undertaken and selected facilitators and challenges in order to identify transferable lessons for other countries working to control the spread and impact of COVID-19. Identified strategies included early recognition of the threat and rapid activation of national response protocols led by national leadership; rapid establishment of diagnostic capacity; scale-up of measures for preventing community transmission; and redesigning the triage and treatment systems, mobilizing the necessary resources for clinical care. Facilitators included existing hospital capacity, the epidemiology of the COVID-19 outbreak, and strong national leadership despite political changes and population sensitization due to the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic. Challenges included sustaining adequate human resources and supplies in high-caseload areas. Key recommendations include (1) recognize the problem, (2) establish diagnostic capacity, (3) implement aggressive measures to prevent community transmission, (4) redesign and reallocate clinical resources for the new environment, and (5) work to limit economic impact through and while prioritizing controlling the spread and impact of COVID-19. South Korea's strategies to prevent, detect, and respond to the pandemic represent applicable knowledge that can be adopted by other countries and the global community facing the enormous COVID-19 challenges ahead."}, {"pmid": 32331343, "pmcid": "PMC7215653", "title": "Sex-Specific SARS-CoV-2 Mortality: Among Hormone-Modulated ACE2 Expression, Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Hypovitaminosis D.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["La Vignera, Sandro", "Cannarella, Rossella", "Condorelli, Rosita A", "Torre, Francesco", "Aversa, Antonio", "Calogero, Aldo E"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331343", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) appears to have a higher mortality rate in presence of comorbidities and in men. The latter suggests the presence of a possible sex-dependent susceptibility. An enzymatic system involved in this different predisposition could be represented by angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is activated and down-regulated by the spike protein of the virus and allows the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into epithelial cells and myocardium. Data on the experimental animal have shown that 17\u00df-estradiol increases the expression and activity of ACE2 in both adipose tissue and kidney. Spontaneously hypertensive male mice have a higher myocardial ACE2 expression than females and its levels decrease after orchiectomy. In addition to this first aspect, the recent evidence of an increased frequency of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 (a clinical element associated with a worse prognosis) calls the attention on the safety of treatment with testosterone, in particular in hypogonadal men with greater genetic predisposition. Evidence that sex hormones are able to modulate the expression of ACE2 could help in interpreting epidemiological results and in designing more appropriate intervention strategies. Moreover, the vitamin D deficiency in elderly men may be worthy of further study regarding the epidemiological aspects of this different susceptibility and lethality between sexes."}, {"pmid": 32339960, "pmcid": "PMC7194515", "title": "Clinical characteristics of older patients infected with COVID-19: A descriptive study.", "journal": "Arch Gerontol Geriatr", "authors": ["Niu, Shengmei", "Tian, Sijia", "Lou, Jing", "Kang, Xuqin", "Zhang, Luxi", "Lian, Huixin", "Zhang, Jinjun"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339960", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), which has spread in the world rapidly. Population have a susceptibility to COVID-19, older people were more susceptible to have a variety diseases than younger, including COVID-19 infection with no doubt. This study focused on older patients with COVID-19 infection and analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of them. We collected information on confirmed older patient transferred by Beijing Emergency Medical Service (EMS) to the designated hospitals from Jan 20 to Feb 29, 2020. The information including demographic, epidemiological, clinical, classification of severity and outcomes. All cases were categorized into three groups and compared the difference between aged 50-64 years, 65-79 years and older than 80 years. 56.7 % of elderly confirmed patients were male, fever (78.3 %), cough (56.7 %), dyspnea (30.0 %), and fatigue (23.3 %) were common symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Classification of severity has statistically significant differences between the three groups, compared with middle-aged patients and aged 65-79 years group, older than 80 years group had significant statistical differences in contacted to symptomatic case in 14 days. As of Feb 29, 38.3 % patients had discharged and 53.3 % patients remained in hospital in our study, the fatality of COVID-19 infection in elderly was 8.3 %. The COVID-19 infection is generally susceptible with a relatively high fatality rate in older patients, we should pay more attention to the elderly patients with COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32270479, "title": "Radiological findings and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Wu, Xiaoqing", "Sun, Ruihong", "Chen, Jianpu", "Xie, Yuanliang", "Zhang, Shutong", "Wang, Xiang"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270479", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To study chest CT images and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant patients to examine any correlation. Between December 31, 2019 and March 7, 2020, 23 hospitalized pregnant patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. Clinical presentations were collected retrospectively from records, including laboratory testing, chest CT imaging, and symptoms. Descriptive analysis and correlation of patients' clinical and CT characteristics were performed. Laboratory results from time of first admission and CT absorption (defined as reduction in lesion area, decrease in density, and absorption of some solid components) were compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Fifteen (65.2%) patients were asymptomatic with patchy ground-glass opacity in a single lung lobe. Eight (34.8%) patients were symptomatic with multiple patchy ground-glass shadows, consolidation, and fibrous stripes. Differences in lymphocyte percentage and neutrophil granulocyte rate between first admission and CT absorption were significant (P<0.001). Median absorption time was shorter in the asymptomatic group compared with the symptomatic group (5 vs 10\u00a0days; P<0.001). Median hospitalization time between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients was 14 vs 25.5\u00a0days; P>0.001. Median absorption time and length of hospitalization for all patients was 6\u00a0days (IQR 5-8) and 17\u00a0days (IQR 13-25), respectively. Radiological findings and clinical characteristics in pregnant women with COVID-19 were similar to those of non-pregnant women with COVID-19. Median absorption time and length of hospitalization in asymptomatic patients were significantly shorter than in symptomatic patients. Lymphocyte percentage and neutrophil granulocyte rate may be used as laboratory indicators of CT absorption."}, {"pmid": 32475692, "pmcid": "PMC7211567", "title": "[The effects of quarantine for SARS-CoV-2 on sleep: An online survey].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Hartley, S", "Colas des Francs, C", "Aussert, F", "Martinot, C", "Dagneaux, S", "Londe, V", "Waldron, L", "Royant-Parola, S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475692", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Explore the evolution of sleep during the SARS-CoV-2 quarantine period and define associated factors. An online survey of patients in quarantine. Questions targeted the conditions of quarantine, sleep related behaviours and exposure to factors known to affect sleep and circadian rhythms (light exposure and sport). In all, 1777 participants were included: 77% women and 72% aged 25-54 years. Quarantine conditions were most frequently in couples with children (36%) and in a house with a garden (51%). Forty-seven percent of participants reported a decrease in sleep quality during quarantine. Factors associated with a reduction in sleep quality by logistic regression were sleep reduction (OR 15.52 P<0.001), going to bed later (OR 1.72 P<0.001), getting up earlier (2.18 P=0.01), an increase in sleep-wake irregularity (OR 2.29 P<0.001), reduced exposure to daylight (OR 1.46 P=0.01) and increased screen use in the evenings (OR 1.33 P=0.04). Sleep quality tended to reduce during quarantine and this was associated with changes in sleep behaviours and light exposure, especially in the evening. In order to optimise sleep during quarantine, regular sleep and wake times, at least 1hour exposure to daylight and a reduction of screen use in the evenings are suggested."}, {"pmid": 32473875, "pmcid": "PMC7245650", "title": "Intellectual and developmental disability and COVID-19 case-fatality trends: TriNetX analysis.", "journal": "Disabil Health J", "authors": ["Turk, Margaret A", "Landes, Scott D", "Formica, Margaret K", "Goss, Katherine D"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473875", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite possibly higher risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19 among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), there has been limited reporting of COVID-19 trends for this population. To compare COVID-19 trends among people with and without IDD, overall and stratified by age. Data from the TriNetX COVID-19 Research Network platform was used to identify COVID-19 patients. Analysis focused on trends in comorbidities, number of cases, number of deaths, and case-fatality rate among patients with and without IDD who had a positive diagnosis for COVID-19 through May 14, 2020. People with IDD had higher prevalence of specific comorbidities associated with poorer COVID-19 outcomes. Distinct age-related differences in COVID-19 trends were present among those with IDD, with a higher concentration of COVID-19 cases at younger ages. In addition, while the overall case-fatality rate was similar for those with IDD (5.1%) and without IDD (5.4%), these rates differed by age: ages \u226417 - IDD 1.6%, without IDD <0.01%; ages 18-74 - IDD 4.5%, without IDD 2.7%; ages \u226575- IDD 21.1%, without IDD, 20.7%. Though of concern for all individuals, COVID-19 appears to present a greater risk to people with IDD, especially at younger ages. Future research should seek to document COVID-19 trends among people with IDD, with particular attention to age related trends."}, {"pmid": 32517963, "title": "Prevalence and Impact of Myocardial Injury in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Lala, Anuradha", "Johnson, Kipp W", "Januzzi, James L", "Russak, Adam J", "Paranjpe, Ishan", "Richter, Felix", "Zhao, Shan", "Somani, Sulaiman", "Van Vleck, Tielman", "Vaid, Akhil", "Chaudhry, Fayzan", "De Freitas, Jessica K", "Fayad, Zahi A", "Pinney, Sean P", "Levin, Matthew", "Charney, Alexander", "Bagiella, Emilia", "Narula, Jagat", "Glicksberg, Benjamin S", "Nadkarni, Girish", "Mancini, Donna M", "Fuster, Valentin"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517963", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The degree of myocardial injury, as reflected by troponin elevation, and associated outcomes among US hospitalized patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are unknown. To describe the degree of myocardial injury and associated outcomes in a large hospitalized cohort with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 admitted to one of five Mount Sinai Health System hospitals in New York City between February 27th and April 12th, 2020 with troponin-I (normal value <0.03ng/mL) measured within 24 hours of admission were included (n=2,736). Demographics, medical history, admission labs, and outcomes were captured from the hospitals' EHR. The median age was 66.4 years, with 59.6% men. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) including coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure, was more prevalent in patients with higher troponin concentrations, as were hypertension and diabetes. A total of 506 (18.5%) patients died during hospitalization. In all, 985 (36%) patients had elevated troponin concentrations. After adjusting for disease severity and relevant clinical factors, even small amounts of myocardial injury (e.g. troponin I 0.03-0.09ng/mL, n=455, 16.6%) were significantly associated with death (adjusted HR: 1.75, 95% CI 1.37-2.24; P<0.001) while greater amounts (e.g. troponin I>0.09 ng/dL, n=530, 19.4%) were significantly associated with higher risk (adjusted HR 3.03, 95% CI 2.42-3.80; P<0.001). Myocardial injury is prevalent among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 however troponin concentrations were generally present at low levels. Patients with CVD are more likely to have myocardial injury than patients without CVD. Troponin elevation among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 is associated with higher risk of mortality."}, {"pmid": 32520993, "title": "Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Among Attendees of Live Concert Events in Japan Using Contact Tracing Data.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Koizumi, Naoru", "Siddique, Abu Bakkar", "Andalibi, Ali"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520993", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418247, "title": "\"Transition to on-line is possible: solution for simulation-based teaching during pandemic\".", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Torres, Anna", "Domanska-Glonek, Ewa", "Dzikowski, Wojciech", "Korulczyk, Jan", "Torres, Kamil"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418247", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, Polish universities had to suspend all on-site activities due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. As a result, we were faced with the problem of how to convert a simulation-based course in geriatrics into distance-learning. The main focus of the original course (30 academic hours) is to expose fourth-year medical students, working in teams of three, to eight simulated cases including acute dyspnea (pneumonia), behavior change (somatic delirium), and cardio-pulmonary deterioration."}, {"pmid": 32427195, "pmcid": "PMC7232608", "title": "Weaker together or weaker apart? Great power relations after the coronavirus.", "journal": "Asia Eur J", "authors": ["Biscop, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427195", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425198, "pmcid": "PMC7229476", "title": "North American COVID-19 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NACMI) registry: Rationale, design, and implications.", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Dehghani, Payam", "Davidson, Laura J", "Grines, Cindy L", "Nayak, Keshav", "Saw, Jackie", "Kaul, Prashant", "Bagai, Akshay", "Garberich, Ross", "Schmidt, Christian", "Ly Md Sm, Hung Q", "Giri, Jay", "Meraj, Perwaiz", "Shah, Binita", "Garcia, Santiago", "Sharkey, Scott", "Wood, David A", "Welt, Frederick G", "Mahmud, Ehtisham M", "Henry, Timothy D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425198", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has resulted in a global pandemic. Patients with cardiovascular risk factors or established cardiovascular disease are more likely to experience severe or critical COVID-19 illness and myocardial injury is a key extra-pulmonary manifestation. These patients frequently present with ST-elevation on an electrocardiogram (ECG) due to multiple etiologies including obstructive, non-obstructive, and/or angiographically normal coronary arteries. The incidence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) mimics in COVID-19 positive hospitalized patients, and the association with morbidity and mortality is unknown. Understanding the natural history and appropriate management of COVID-19 patients presenting with ST elevation is essential to inform patient management decisions and protect healthcare workers. The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) and The Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology (CAIC) in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Interventional Council have collaborated to create a multi-center observational registry, North American COVID-19 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NACMI). This registry will enroll confirmed COVID-19 patients and persons under investigation (PUI) with new ST-segment elevation or new onset left bundle branch block (LBBB) on the ECG with clinical suspicion of myocardial ischemia. We will compare demographics, clinical findings, outcomes and management of these patients with a historical control group of over 15,000 consecutive STEMI activation patients from the Midwest STEMI Consortium using propensity matching. The primary clinical outcome will be in- hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as composite of all-cause mortality, stroke, recurrent MI, and repeat unplanned revascularization in COVID-19 confirmed or PUI. Secondary outcomes will include the following: reporting of etiologies of ST Elevation; cardiovascular mortality due to myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest and /or shock; individual components of the primary outcome; composite primary outcome at one year; as well as ECG and angiographic characteristics. The multicenter NACMI registry will collect data regarding ST elevation on ECG in COVID-19 patients to determine the etiology and associated clinical outcomes. The collaboration and speed with which this registry has been created, refined, and promoted serves as a template for future research endeavors."}, {"pmid": 32501731, "title": "Cholesterol: A new game player accelerating endothelial injuries caused by SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Cao, Xiaoling", "Yin, Rong", "Albrecht, Helmut", "Fan, Daping", "Tan, Wenbin"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501731", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global threat to public health. Functional impairments in multiple organs have been reported in COVID-19 including lungs, heart, kidney, liver, brain and vascular system. Patients with metabolic-associated preconditions such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes are susceptible to experience severe symptoms. The recent emerging evidence of coagulation disorders in COVID-19 suggests that vasculopathy appears to be an independent risk factor promoting disease severity and mortality of affected patients. We have recently found that the decreased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterols (LDL-c) correlate with disease severity in COVID-19 patients, indicating pathological interactions between dyslipidemia and vasculopothy in COVID-19 patients. However, this clinical manifestation has been unintentionally underestimated by physicians and scientific communities. As metabolic-associated morbidities are generally accompanied with endothelial cell (EC) dysfunctions, these pre-existing conditions may make ECs more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 attack. In this mini-review, we summarize the metabolic and vascular manifestations of COVID-19 with an emphasis on the association between changes in LDL-c levels and the development of severe symptoms as well as the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of LDL-c and SARS-CoV-2 on EC injuries and vasculopathy."}, {"pmid": 32291542, "pmcid": "PMC7154215", "title": "The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ge, Huipeng", "Wang, Xiufen", "Yuan, Xiangning", "Xiao, Gong", "Wang, Chengzhi", "Deng, Tianci", "Yuan, Qiongjing", "Xiao, Xiangcheng"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291542", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, pneumonia of unknown cause occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. On 7 January 2020, a novel coronavirus, named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in the throat swab sample of one patient. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the epidemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, COVID-19 has spread widely around the world, affecting more than seventy countries. China, with a huge burden of this disease, has taken strong measures to control the spread and improve the curative rate of COVID-19. In this review, we summarized the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19. A comprehensive understanding will help to control the disease."}, {"pmid": 32405266, "pmcid": "PMC7219401", "title": "Time series modelling to forecast the confirmed and recovered cases of COVID-19.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Maleki, Mohsen", "Mahmoudi, Mohammad Reza", "Wraith, Darren", "Pho, Kim-Hung"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405266", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses from the Coronaviridae family affecting neurological, gastrointestinal, hepatic and respiratory systems. In late 2019 a new member of this family belonging to the Betacoronavirus genera (referred to as COVID-19) originated and spread quickly across the world calling for strict containment plans and policies. In most countries in the world, the outbreak of the disease has been serious and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases has increased daily, while, fortunately the recovered COVID-19 cases have also increased. Clearly, forecasting the \"confirmed\" and \"recovered\" COVID-19 cases helps planning to control the disease and plan for utilization of health care resources. Time series models based on statistical methodology are useful to model time-indexed data and for forecasting. Autoregressive time series models based on two-piece scale mixture normal distributions, called TP-SMN-AR models, is a flexible family of models involving many classical symmetric/asymmetric and light/heavy tailed autoregressive models. In this paper, we use this family of models to analyze the real world time series data of confirmed and recovered COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32233163, "pmcid": "PMC7105506", "title": "Understanding and Interpretation of Case Fatality Rate of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Dong Hyun", "Choe, Young June", "Jeong, Jin Young"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233163", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502614, "pmcid": "PMC7266575", "title": "Cautious handling of urine from moderate to severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Nomoto, Hidetoshi", "Ishikane, Masahiro", "Katagiri, Daisuke", "Kinoshita, Noriko", "Nagashima, Mami", "Sadamasu, Kenji", "Yoshimura, Kazuhisa", "Ohmagari, Norio"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502614", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374400, "pmcid": "PMC7203604", "title": "Estimated Demand for US Hospital Inpatient and Intensive Care Unit Beds for Patients With COVID-19 Based on Comparisons With Wuhan and Guangzhou, China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Li, Ruoran", "Rivers, Caitlin", "Tan, Qi", "Murray, Megan B", "Toner, Eric", "Lipsitch, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374400", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sustained spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has happened in major US cities. Capacity needs in cities in China could inform the planning of local health care resources. To describe and compare the intensive care unit (ICU) and inpatient bed needs for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2 cities in China to estimate the peak ICU bed needs in US cities if an outbreak equivalent to that in Wuhan occurs. This comparative effectiveness study analyzed the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan and Guangzhou, China, from January 10 to February 29, 2020. Timing of disease control measures relative to timing of SARS-CoV-2 community spread. Number of critical and severe patient-days and peak number of patients with critical and severe illness during the study period. In Wuhan, strict disease control measures were implemented 6 weeks after sustained local transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Between January 10 and February 29, 2020, patients with COVID-19 accounted for a median (interquartile range) of 429 (25-1143) patients in the ICU and 1521 (111-7202) inpatients with serious illness each day. During the epidemic peak, 19\u202f425 patients (24.5 per 10\u202f000 adults) were hospitalized, 9689 (12.2 per 10\u202f000 adults) were considered in serious condition, and 2087 (2.6 per 10\u202f000 adults) needed critical care per day. In Guangzhou, strict disease control measures were implemented within 1 week of case importation. Between January 24 and February 29, COVID-19 accounted for a median (interquartile range) of 9 (7-12) patients in the ICU and 17 (15-26) inpatients with serious illness each day. During the epidemic peak, 15 patients were in critical condition and 38 were classified as having serious illness. The projected number of prevalent critically ill patients at the peak of a Wuhan-like outbreak in US cities was estimated to range from 2.2 to 4.4 per 10\u202f000 adults, depending on differences in age distribution and comorbidity (ie, hypertension) prevalence. Even after the lockdown of Wuhan on January 23, the number of patients with serious COVID-19 illness continued to rise, exceeding local hospitalization and ICU capacities for at least a month. Plans are urgently needed to mitigate the consequences of COVID-19 outbreaks on the local health care systems in US cities."}, {"pmid": 32434604, "title": "Psychiatric Symptoms Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Neuropsychiatr", "authors": ["Rohde, Christopher", "Hougaard Jefsen, Oskar", "Norremark, Bettina", "Aalkjaer Danielsen, Andreas", "Ostergaard, Soren Dinesen"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434604", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415882, "title": "Managing care for patients with sinonasal and anterior skull base cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Turri-Zanoni, Mario", "Battaglia, Paolo", "Karligkiotis, Apostolos", "Locatelli, Davide", "Castelnuovo, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has rapidly transformed health care delivery around the globe. Because of the heavy impact of COVID-19 spread, cancer treatments have necessarily been de-prioritized, thus exposing patients to increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to delayed care. In this scenario, cancer specialists need to assess critical oncology patients case by case to carefully balance risk vs benefit in treating tumors and preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we report early insights into how the management of patients with sinonasal and anterior skull base cancer might be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We provide recommendations for preoperative tests, indications for immediate care vs possible delayed treatment, and warnings relating to dural resection and intracranial dissection, given the potential neurotropism of SARS-CoV2 and practical suggestions for managing cancer care in a period of limited resources. We also postulate some thoughts on the promising role of telemedicine in multidisciplinary case discussions and posttreatment surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32268195, "pmcid": "PMC7130124", "title": "Epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus in Jiangsu Province, China after wartime control measures: A population-level retrospective study.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Ke-Wei", "Gao, Jie", "Wang, Hua", "Wu, Xiao-Long", "Yuan, Qin-Fang", "Guo, Fei-Yu", "Zhang, Zhi-Jie", "Cheng, Yang"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268195", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus emerged in China in December 2019, and human-to-human transmission was previously identified. This study aimed to compare the epidemiological characteristics in Jiangsu Province and assess whether so-called wartime control measures changed the trend of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the province. Epidemiological data were obtained from the websites of China's Bureau of Health and the People's Government of Jiangsu Province and informal online sources from January 22 to February 20, 2020. The cumulative number of patients in Jiangsu Province (over 79 million people) was 613. The number of daily confirmed new cases reached the inflection point on January 31 with the maximum of 39 cases. The temporal number of patients peaked from January 29 to February 9. The proportion of confirmed cases who were residents or travelers to Hubei Province was 100.0%-58.8% before January 31 and then gradually declined. The proportion of close contacts increased gradually from January 27 to February 17. The geographical distribution of COVID-2019 cases showed that all 13 cites reported confirmed new cases after only five days of the first confirmed new case in Suzhou. The cases were concentrated in Nanjing, Suzhou, and Xuzhou with a high population density (over eight million people). The epidemiological features of COVID-2019 cases in Wuxi, Jiangsu showed that seven confirmed cases were tourists from others areas beyond Hubei Province. The longest incubation period of COVID-2019 was 19 days based on the onset of laboratory-confirmed cases. The number of daily confirmed new cases in Jiangsu Province peaked around January 31 and then declined. This result emphasized that wartime control measures, such as putting cities on lockdown to limit population mobility in Jiangsu Province, resulted in dramatic reductions in COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32470627, "pmcid": "PMC7248630", "title": "COVID-19 treatments, QT interval and arrhythmic risk: the need for an international Registry on Arrhythmias.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Crotti, Lia", "Arbelo, Elena"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470627", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242936, "pmcid": "PMC7228339", "title": "SARS-CoV-2, the medical profession, ventilator beds, and mortality predictions: personal reflections of an Australian clinician.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Talley, Nicholas J"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242936", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401942, "pmcid": "PMC7213779", "title": "How psychosocial and economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic can interfere on bruxism and temporomandibular disorders?", "journal": "J Appl Oral Sci", "authors": ["Almeida-Leite, Camila Megale", "Stuginski-Barbosa, Juliana", "Conti, Paulo Cesar Rodrigues"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401942", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317217, "pmcid": "PMC7158784", "title": "Role of thymopoiesis and inflamm-aging in COVID-19 phenotype.", "journal": "Pediatr Neonatol", "authors": ["Scarpa, Raffaele", "Costa, Luisa", "Del Puente, Antonio", "Caso, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317217", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387924, "pmcid": "PMC7166310", "title": "Early CT features and temporal lung changes in COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Hu, Qiongjie", "Guan, Hanxiong", "Sun, Ziyan", "Huang, Lu", "Chen, Chong", "Ai, Tao", "Pan, Yueying", "Xia, Liming"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387924", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyse the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) early imaging features and the changing trend of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Forty-six patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who had an isolated lesion on the first positive CT were enrolled in this study. The following parameters were recorded for each lesion: sites, sizes, location (peripheral or central), attenuation (ground-glass opacity or consolidation), and other abnormalities (supply pulmonary artery dilation, air bronchogram, interstitial thickening, etc.). The follow-up CT images were compared with the previous CT scans, and the development of the lesions was evaluated. The lesions tended to be peripheral and subpleural. All the lesions exhibited ground-glass opacity with or without consolidation. A higher proportion of supply pulmonary artery dilation (89.13 % [41/46]) and air bronchogram (69.57 % [32/46]) were found. Other \ufb01ndings included thickening of the intralobular interstitium and a halo sign of ground glass around a solid nodule. Cavitation, calci\ufb01cation or lymphadelopathy were not observed. The reticular patterns were noted from the 14 days after symptoms onset in 7 of 20 patients (45 %). At 22-31 days, the lesions were completely absorbed only in 2 of 7 patients (28.57 %). The typical early CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia are ground-glass opacity, and located peripheral or subpleural location, and with supply pulmonary artery dilation. Reticulation was evident after the 2nd week and persisted in half of patients evaluated in 4 weeks after the onset. Long-term follow-up is required to determine whether the reticulation represents irreversible \ufb01brosis."}, {"pmid": 32406424, "pmcid": "PMC7218348", "title": "Covid-19: Why test? Who to test? How to test?", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406424", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515385, "title": "COVID-19: An otolaryngological perspective.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Kaur, Navjot", "Patro, Sourabha Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515385", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Otolaryngologists around the world are amongst the front-line fighters against the pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19). As knowledge about the disease epidemiology and clinical profile is rapidly evolving, we are still not sure about many different aspects of the disease transmission and presentation. Otolaryngologists regularly deal with the upper aerodigestive tract, which is the portal of transmission and site of multiplication of the virus. There is a substantial risk of getting infected and transmitting the disease further. We discuss the various recommendations pertaining to the emergency and elective procedures in otolaryngology, and head and neck surgeries in these difficult times, so as to sensitise the clinicians while dealing with such cases, till the pandemic is under control and things get back to normal."}, {"pmid": 32484443, "title": "Considerations for an Individual-Level Population Notification System for Pandemic Response: A Review and Prototype.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Sakib, Mohammad Nazmus", "Butt, Zahid A", "Morita, Plinio Pelegrini", "Oremus, Mark", "Fong, Geoffrey T", "Hall, Peter A"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484443", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, spread worldwide after its emergence in China. Whether rich or poor, all nations are struggling to cope with this new global health crisis. The speed of the threat's emergence and the quick response required from public health authorities and the public itself makes evident the need for a major reform in pandemic surveillance and notification systems. The development and implementation of a graded, individual-level pandemic notification system could be an effective tool to combat future threats of epidemics. This paper describes a prototype model of such a notification system and its potential advantages and challenges for implementation. Similar to other emergency alerts, this system would include a number of threat levels (level 1-5) with a higher level indicating increasing severity and intensity of safety measures (eg, level 1: general hygiene, level 2: enhanced hygiene, level 3: physical distancing, level 4: shelter in place, and level 5: lockdown). The notifications would be transmitted to cellular devices via text message (for lower threat levels) or push notification (for higher threat levels). The notification system would allow the public to be informed about the threat level in real time and act accordingly in an organized manner. New Zealand and the United Kingdom have recently launched similar alert systems designed to coordinate the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic response more efficiently. Implementing such a system, however, faces multiple challenges. Extensive preparation and coordination among all levels of government and relevant sectors are required. Additionally, such systems may be effective primarily in countries where there exists at least moderate trust in government. Advance and ongoing public education about the nature of the system and its steps would be an essential part of the system, such that all members of the public understand the meaning of each step in advance, similar to what has been established in systems for other emergency responses. This educational component is of utmost importance to minimize adverse public reaction and unintended consequences. The use of mass media and local communities could be considered where mobile phone penetration is low. The implementation of such a notification system would be more challenging in developing countries for several reasons, including inadequate technology, limited use of data plans, high population density, poverty, mistrust in government, and tendency to ignore or failure to understand the warning messages. Despite the challenges, an individual-level pandemic notification system could provide added benefits by giving an additional route for notification that would be complementary to existing platforms."}, {"pmid": 32371272, "pmcid": "PMC7195601", "title": "COVID-19 prevention and control strategies for psychiatric hospitals.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Li, Chao", "Zhao, Wenjing", "He, Changjiu", "Wu, Dongmei", "Yue, Yuchuan", "Chen, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414646, "pmcid": "PMC7201239", "title": "ACE2 receptor polymorphism: Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, hypertension, multi-organ failure, and COVID-19 disease outcome.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Devaux, Christian A", "Rolain, Jean-Marc", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414646", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged in Chinese people in December 2019 and has currently spread worldwide causing the COVID-19 pandemic with more than 150,000 deaths. In order for a SARS-CoV like virus circulating in wild life for a very long time to infect the index case-patient, a number of conditions must be met, foremost among which is the encounter with humans and the presence in homo sapiens of a cellular receptor allowing the virus to bind. Recently it was shown that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, binds to the human angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This molecule is a peptidase expressed at the surface of lung epithelial cells and other tissues, that regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Humans are not equal with respect to the expression levels of the cellular ACE2. Moreover, ACE2 polymorphisms were recently described in human populations. Here we review the most recent evidence that ACE2 expression and/or polymorphism could influence both the susceptibility of people to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the outcome of the COVID-19 disease. Further exploration of the relationship between the virus, the peptidase function of ACE2 and the levels of angiotensin II in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients should help to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease and the multi-organ failures observed in severe COVID-19 cases, particularly heart failure."}, {"pmid": 32362496, "pmcid": "PMC7183952", "title": "Urolithiasis Practice Patterns Following the COVID-19 Pandemic: Overview from the EULIS Collaborative Research Working Group.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Tefik, Tzevat", "Guven, Selcuk", "Villa, Luca", "Gokce, Mehmet Ilker", "Kallidonis, Panagiotis", "Petkova, Kremena", "Kiremit, Murat Can", "Sonmez, Mehmet Giray", "de Lorenzis, Elisa", "Eryildirim, Bilal", "Sarica, Kemal"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362496", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32188598, "title": "Covid-19: how doctors and healthcare systems are tackling coronavirus worldwide.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins", "Hayasaki, Erika", "Zastrow, Mark", "Pulla, Priyanka", "Smith, Paul", "Rada, Acer Garcia"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188598", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383171, "pmcid": "PMC7267605", "title": "Asymptomatic cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Yishan", "Kang, Hanyujie", "Liu, Xuefeng", "Tong, Zhaohui"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383171", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 March 2020, Chinese Health Authorization announced that numbers of asymptomatic cases with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will be made to the public daily. This was a very important step since different counties have different capacities for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection and control strategy for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak. We summarized the characteristics of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and the transmission potential of asymptomatic cases. Then we provided guidelines for the management of asymptomatic cases through quarantine and nucleic acid/serology tests."}, {"pmid": 32451655, "pmcid": "PMC7247744", "title": "Staying home during \"COVID-19\" decreased fractures, but trauma did not quarantine in one hundred and twelve adults and twenty eight children and the \"tsunami of recommendations\" could not lockdown twelve elective operations.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Hernigou, Jacques", "Morel, Xavier", "Callewier, Antoine", "Bath, Olivier", "Hernigou, Philippe"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451655", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic caused by COVID-19 is the biggest challenge for national health systems for a century. While most medical resources are allocated to treat COVID-19 patients, fractures still need to be treated, as some patients with non-deferrable pathologies. The aim of this paper is to report the early experience of an integrated team of orthopaedic surgeons during this period. This is a mono-geographic, observational, retrospective, descriptive study. We collected data from the beginning of the epidemic (1 March 2020), during the pandemic lockdown period (declared in the country on March 16, 2020) until the end of our study period on April 15, 2020. All the 140 patients presented to the Emergency Department of the hospital during this period with a diagnosis of fracture, or trauma (sprains, dislocations, wounds) were included in the cohort. In addition, 12 patients needing hospitalization for planning a non-deferrable elective surgical treatment were included. A group of patients from the two same hospitals and treated during the same period (1st March 2018 to April 15, 2018) but previously was used as control. Of these 152 patients (mean age 45.5 years; range 1 to 103), 100 underwent a surgical procedure and 52 were managed non-operatively. Twenty-eight were children and 124 were adults. The COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed for four patients. The frequency of patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis among this population treated in emergency was ten fold higher (2.6%; 4 among 152) than in the general population (0.30%) of the country. The mortality rate for patients with surgery was 2% (2 of 100 patients) and 50% (2 of 4) for those older than 60 years with COVID-19; it was null for patients who were managed non-operatively. As compared to the year 2018, the number of patients seen with trauma had decreased of 32% during the epidemic. Staying home during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased trauma frequency of 32%. The structural organization in our hospital allowed us to reduce the time to surgery and ultimately hospital stay, thereby maximizing the already stretched medical resources available to treat all the patients who needed orthopedic care during this period."}, {"pmid": 32327409, "title": "Covid-19: Indian government vows to protect healthcare workers from violence amid rising cases.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327409", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229753, "pmcid": "PMC7172566", "title": "To Protect Healthcare Workers Better, To Save More Lives.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Chen, Weiyun", "Huang, Yuguang"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229753", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has thus far caused a total of 81,747 confirmed cases with 3,283 deaths in China, and more than 370,000 confirmed cases including over 16,000 deaths around the world by March 24, 2020. This issue has received extensive attention from the international community and has become a major public health priority. As the pandemic progresses, it is regrettable to know the healthcare workers, including anesthesiologists, being infected constantly. Therefore, we would like to share our firsthand practical experience and perspective in China, focusing on the personal protection of healthcare workers and the risk factors related to their infection, based on the different stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in China."}, {"pmid": 32393595, "title": "Managing COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Mon, Ei Ye", "Mandelia, Yamini"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393595", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Children are less likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 than adults and often have a milder course of COVID-19 disease and a lower case fatality rate. Children account for an estimated 1% to 5% of those diagnosed with COVID-19. Even so, preschool-aged children, infants, and children with underlying health conditions may still be at risk for severe disease and complications. Unique aspects of COVID-19 presentation and disease course in children and possible vertical transmission to newborns from COVID-19-positive mothers are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32419737, "pmcid": "PMC7225701", "title": "[Asthma and COVID-19: a risk population?]", "journal": "Rev Mal Respir", "authors": ["Underner, M", "Peiffer, G", "Perriot, J", "Jaafari, N"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419737", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360057, "pmcid": "PMC7165298", "title": "Clarifying appropriate personal protective equipment for obstetric anaesthetists amongst controversy and confusion in COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lucas, Nuala", "Bampoe, Sohail", "Odor, Peter M"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360057", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513261, "title": "Who is going to pay the price of Covid-19? Reflections about an unequal Brazil.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Ribeiro, Fabiana", "Leist, Anja"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513261", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused high mortality rates among older people, and in order to avoid a healthcare system crisis, almost all countries worldwide have adopted social isolation measures to prevent the spread of the disease. However, in Brazil, a country demarcated by economic inequalities, in which approximately 25% of the population live below the poverty line, these measures will cost severe economic losses and accentuated starvation. For this reason, the underprivileged population should be immediately prioritized and well informed through good practice to avoid the virus. Since, government discrepancies in dealing with the COVID-19 outbreak leaves the population without congruent guidelines on how to react or what to believe, allowing the spread of fake news and political crises. Here, we discuss who will pay the price of the Brazilian government denying the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and suggest some measures to ensure that clear information and protection reach this population."}, {"pmid": 32303564, "title": "Comparison of Abbott ID Now, Diasorin Simplexa, and CDC FDA EUA methods for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal and nasal swabs from individuals diagnosed with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Rhoads, Daniel D", "Cherian, Sree S", "Roman, Katharine", "Stempak, Lisa M", "Schmotzer, Christine L", "Sadri, Navid"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303564", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dozens of in vitro diagnostics (IVDs) have received emergency use authorization (EUA) from the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, but little has been studied to determine how well these assays perform using clinical specimens.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32173256, "pmcid": "PMC7102632", "title": "SARS Coronavirus Redux.", "journal": "Trends Immunol", "authors": ["Qing, Enya", "Gallagher, Tom"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173256", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As an atypical pneumonia began to appear in December 2019, Zhou et al. worked with remarkable speed to identify the associated virus, determine its relationship to animal viruses, and evaluate factors conferring infection susceptibility and resistance. These foundational results are being advanced to control the current worldwide human coronavirus epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32496527, "title": "Incidence of COVID-19 in Pediatric Surgical Patients Among 3 US Children's Hospitals.", "journal": "JAMA Surg", "authors": ["Lin, Elaina E", "Blumberg, Todd J", "Adler, Adam C", "Fazal, Faris Z", "Talwar, Divya", "Ellingsen, Kyle", "Shah, Apurva S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496527", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416410, "pmcid": "PMC7189199", "title": "Is it fair to hope that patients with Type 1 Diabetes (autoimmune) may be spared by the infection of Covid-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Tatti, Patrizio", "Tonolo, Giancarlo", "Zanfardino, Angela", "Iafusco, Dario"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416410", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The CoV-19 infection appears to be unusual among patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, although they are considered a fragile population. We think that this in part due to the peculiar immune condition that leads to the destruction of the Beta cells."}, {"pmid": 32413251, "title": "Nebulized Treatments and the Possible Risk of Coronavirus Transmission: Where Is the Evidence?", "journal": "Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis", "authors": ["Tashkin, Donald P", "Barjaktarevic, Igor Z"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413251", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317154, "pmcid": "PMC7162785", "title": "Community Pharmacists: On the frontline of health service against COVID-19 in LMICs.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Hedima, Erick Wesley", "Adeyemi, Michael Samuel", "Ikunaiye, Nasiru Yakubu"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317154", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is a global public health crisis which has affected healthcare practice across professions. In the context of this pandemic, there is a need to highlight the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists. Community pharmacists are the most accessible healthcare professionals to the general public and have a lot to offer amid the COVID-19 response. This have led to significant changes in the health systems of many countries. This article seeks to highlight additional roles and activities relating to the public health response that can be undertaken by community pharmacists that could help to reduce pressure on general practice and other areas of the health service."}, {"pmid": 32277235, "pmcid": "PMC7184335", "title": "My Future in Medicine: How COVID-19 is Inspiring the Next Generation of Infectious Disease Specialists.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Allen, Jawara"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277235", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283316, "pmcid": "PMC7151422", "title": "Early Appearance of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Associated Pulmonary Infiltrates During Daily Radiotherapy Imaging for Lung Cancer.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Suppli, Morten Hiul", "Riisgaard de Blanck, Steen", "Elgaard, Tenna", "Josipovic, Mirjana", "Pohl, Mette"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283316", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179860, "title": "Don't rush to deploy COVID-19 vaccines and drugs without sufficient safety guarantees.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Jiang, Shibo"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179860", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332019, "title": "Covid-19: Trust withdraws guidance that doctors need not put \"covid-19\" on death certificates.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332019", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349120, "title": "Population flow drives spatio-temporal distribution of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Jia, Jayson S", "Lu, Xin", "Yuan, Yun", "Xu, Ge", "Jia, Jianmin", "Christakis, Nicholas A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349120", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sudden, large-scale and diffuse human migration can amplify localized outbreaks of disease into widespread epidemics1-4. Rapid and accurate tracking of aggregate population flows may therefore be epidemiologically informative. Here we use 11,478,484\u00a0counts of mobile phone data from individuals leaving or transiting through the prefecture of Wuhan between 1\u00a0January and 24\u00a0January 2020 as they moved to 296\u00a0prefectures throughout mainland\u00a0China. First, we document the efficacy of quarantine in ceasing movement. Second, we show that the distribution of population outflow from Wuhan accurately predicts the relative frequency and geographical distribution of infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) until 19\u00a0February 2020, across mainland China. Third, we develop a spatio-temporal 'risk source' model that leverages population flow data (which operationalize the risk that emanates from epidemic epicentres) not only to forecast the distribution of confirmed cases, but also to identify regions that have a high risk of transmission at an early stage. Fourth, we use this risk source model to statistically derive the geographical spread of COVID-19 and the growth pattern based on the population outflow from Wuhan; the model yields a benchmark trend and an index for assessing the risk of community transmission of COVID-19 over time for different locations. This approach can be used by policy-makers in any nation with available data to make rapid and accurate risk assessments and to plan the allocation of limited resources ahead of ongoing outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32498267, "title": "The Psychological Impacts of a COVID-19 Outbreak on College Students in China: A Longitudinal Study.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Li, Hong Yan", "Cao, Hui", "Leung, Doris Y P", "Mak, Yim Wah"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498267", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak in Wuhan, China in late 2019 of a highly infectious new coronary pneumonia (COVID-19) led to the imposition of countrywide confinement measures from January to March 2020. This is a longitudinal study on changes in the mental health status of a college population before and after their COVID-19 confinement for the first two weeks, focusing on states of psychological distress, depression, anxiety and affectivity. The influence of possible stressors on their mental health were investigated, including inadequate supplies and fears of infection. Five hundred and fifty-five undergraduate students were recruited from Hebei Agricultural University in Baoding, China. The participants completed two online surveys-on anxiety and depression, and on positive and negative affect. One survey was conducted before the confinement and the other was conducted 15-17 days after the start of the confinement. Increases in negative affect and symptoms of anxiety and depression (p-values < 0.001) were observed after 2 weeks of confinement. Inadequate supplies of hand sanitizers, a higher year of study, and higher scores on anxiety and depression were common predictors of increased negative affect, anxiety, and depression across the confinement period. The results suggest that healthcare policymakers should carefully consider the appropriate confinement duration, and ensure adequate supplies of basic infection-control materials."}, {"pmid": 32338805, "pmcid": "PMC7267638", "title": "Tobacco use and vaping in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Singh, Arjun Gurmeet", "Chaturvedi, Pankaj"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338805", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health crises have become a popular topic of discussion. In the wave of the ongoing pandemic, experts have suggested the role of vaping and other tobacco product use exemplifying the vulnerability of the population to contract the COVID-19. We discuss some of the events that led up to these conclusions and also offer a unique insight into another form of tobacco use that is potentially propagating its spread especially in the South Asian region-chewed tobacco. Both of these have been a perennial issue that head and neck cancer surgeons have been dealing with. Governments and head and neck cancer care providers now have an opportunity to deal with a common enemy in the midst of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32305588, "pmcid": "PMC7161506", "title": "Cytokine storm and immunomodulatory therapy in COVID-19: Role of chloroquine and anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Zhao, Ming"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305588", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339235, "pmcid": "PMC7197582", "title": "A Quantitative Framework for Modeling COVID-19 Risk During Adjuvant Therapy Using Published Randomized Trials of Glioblastoma in the Elderly.", "journal": "Neuro Oncol", "authors": ["Tabrizi, Shervin", "Trippa, Lorenzo", "Cagney, Daniel", "Tanguturi, Shyam", "Ventz, Steffen", "Fell, Geoffrey", "Wen, Patrick Y", "Alexander, Brian M", "Rahman, Rifaquat"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339235", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, contact with the healthcare system for cancer treatment can increase risk of infection and associated mortality. Treatment recommendations must consider this risk for elderly and vulnerable cancer patients. We re-analyzed trials in elderly glioblastoma (GBM) patients, incorporating COVID-19 risk, in order to provide a quantitative framework for comparing different radiation (RT) fractionation schedules on patient outcomes. We extracted individual patient-level data (IPLD) for 1,321 patients from Kaplan-Meier curves from five randomized trials on treatment of elderly GBM patients including available subanalyses based on MGMT methylation status. We simulated trial data with incorporation of COVID-19 associated mortality risk in several scenarios (low, medium, and high infection and mortality risks). Median overall survival and hazard ratios were calculated for each simulation replicate. Our simulations reveal how COVID-19-associated risks affect survival under different treatment regimens. Hypofractionated RT with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) demonstrated the best outcomes in low and medium risk scenarios. In frail elderly patients, shorter courses of RT are preferable. In patients with methylated MGMT receiving single modality treatment, TMZ-alone treatment approaches may be an option in settings with high COVID-19-associated risk. Incorporation of COVID-19-associated risk models into analysis of randomized trials can help guide clinical decisions during this pandemic. In elderly GBM patients, our results support prioritization of hypofractionated RT and highlight the utility of MGMT methylation status in decision-making in pandemic scenarios. Our quantitative framework can serve as a model for assessing COVID-19 risk associated with treatment across neuro-oncology."}, {"pmid": 32395831, "pmcid": "PMC7272820", "title": "Rapid Dissemination of Protocols for Managing Neurology Inpatients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Neurol", "authors": ["Cervantes-Arslanian, Anna", "Lau, K H Vincent", "Anand, Pria", "Shulman, Julie G", "Ford, Thomas", "Takahashi, Courtney", "Daneshmand, Ali", "Nguyen, Thanh N", "Suchdev, Kushak", "Abdennadher, Myriam", "Saxena, Aneeta", "Macone, Amanda", "Perloff, Michael", "Zhu, Shuhan", "Greer, David M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395831", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368894, "pmcid": "PMC7202248", "title": "Can N95 Respirators Be Reused after Disinfection? How Many Times?", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Liao, Lei", "Xiao, Wang", "Zhao, Mervin", "Yu, Xuanze", "Wang, Haotian", "Wang, Qiqi", "Chu, Steven", "Cui, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368894", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a major shortage of N95 respirators, which are essential for protecting healthcare professionals and the general public who may come into contact with the virus. Thus, it is essential to determine how we can reuse respirators and other personal protective equipment in these urgent times. We investigated multiple commonly used disinfection schemes on media with particle filtration efficiency of 95%. Heating was recently found to inactivate the virus in solution within 5 min at 70 \u00b0C and is among the most scalable, user-friendly methods for viral disinfection. We found that heat (\u226485 \u00b0C) under various humidities (\u2264100% relative humidity, RH) was the most promising, nondestructive method for the preservation of filtration properties in meltblown fabrics as well as N95-grade respirators. At 85 \u00b0C, 30% RH, we were able to perform 50 cycles of heat treatment without significant changes in the filtration efficiency. At low humidity or dry conditions, temperatures up to 100 \u00b0C were not found to alter the filtration efficiency significantly within 20 cycles of treatment. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was a secondary choice, which was able to withstand 10 cycles of treatment and showed small degradation by 20 cycles. However, UV can potentially impact the material strength and subsequent sealing of respirators. Finally, treatments involving liquids and vapors require caution, as steam, alcohol, and household bleach all may lead to degradation of the filtration efficiency, leaving the user vulnerable to the viral aerosols."}, {"pmid": 32425282, "pmcid": "PMC7228690", "title": "Practicing Corona - Towards a research agenda of health policies.", "journal": "Health Policy", "authors": ["Bal, Roland", "de Graaff, Bert", "van de Bovenkamp, Hester", "Wallenburg, Iris"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425282", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As Corona virus is putting a huge stress on healthcare systems around the world, analysts of health policy will have to respond with starting up research on the consequences of current policies. In this paper, we propose an agenda for research of health policy from a governance perspective, focussing on the consequences of decision-making structures and practices, the mediatisation of the pandemic, the organisation of healthcare systems and the role of expertise."}, {"pmid": 32387005, "pmcid": "PMC7252007", "title": "COVID-19 will severely impact older people's lives, and in many more ways than you think!", "journal": "Braz J Phys Ther", "authors": ["Pelicioni, Paulo H S", "Lord, Stephen R"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387005", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317411, "title": "Responding to COVID-19 pandemic: Why a strong health system is required.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Dikid, Tanzin", "Chaudhary, Sushma", "Goel, Kapil", "Padda, Preeti", "Sahu, Rajesh", "Kumar, Tripurari", "Jain, S K", "Singh, S K", "Narain, Jai Prakash"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317411", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374538, "title": "[Emergency department : COVID-19 crisis and organizational aspects].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Ageron, Francois-Xavier", "Sarasin, Francois", "Pasquier, Mathieu", "Carron, Pierre-Nicolas"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergency departments are on the front line in the management of COVID-19 cases, from screening to the initial management of the most severe cases. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 range from non-specific symptoms to adult acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Diagnosis is based on PCR from a nasopharyngeal swab and emergency treatment rely on oxygen therapy. Patient's orientation (home, hospitalization, admission in intensive care unit) is a central aspect of emergency management. The shift from a strategy of systematic recognition of potential cases to the one of epidemic mitigation required hospital emergency medicine services to implement crisis management measures, to guarantee admission and hospitalization capacity."}, {"pmid": 32191340, "pmcid": "PMC7228411", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives on an unfolding crisis.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Spinelli, A", "Pellino, G"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191340", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371561, "title": "Pulmonary function testing precautions in a time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Ramos, Jose Angel"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371561", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, Cleveland Clinic has put in place several pulmonary function testing precautions to reduce the risk of infection. Precautions include efforts to perform only essential testing, wear personal protective equipment, reduce exposure to aerosolized particles, manage virtually by phone conference, conserve scare medications, clean equipment as recommended, consolidate testing, and defer testing."}, {"pmid": 32492290, "title": "Review of the present features and the infection control challenges of COVID-19 pandemic in dialysis facilities.", "journal": "Kaohsiung J Med Sci", "authors": ["Lee, Jia-Jung", "Hwang, Shang-Jyh", "Huang, Jee-Fu"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492290", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 has swept the world causing suffering, death, loss, and massive economy damage. The dialysis population is vulnerable and the dialysis facility is critical in maintaining operations and avoiding disease transmission. The present information regarding the clinical features of COVID-19 infection in the dialysis population was collected, and the useful measures of COVID-19 infection prevention and infection control in the dialysis facilities were summarized. Leadership, education, preparedness, management, and recovery phase were determined to be the critical procedures. It is hoped this updated interim review might provide information for medical professionals to take proactive action to best prepare and mitigate damage when facing the COVID-19 pandemic challenge."}, {"pmid": 32249845, "pmcid": "PMC7132550", "title": "Fighting COVID-19 exhausts T cells.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Moon, Chang"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249845", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353224, "title": "Home ventilators for invasive ventilation of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care Resusc", "authors": ["Monti, Giacomo", "Cremona, George", "Zangrillo, Alberto", "Lombardi, Gaetano", "Sartini, Chiara", "Sartorelli, Marianna", "Colombo, Sergio", "Serpa Neto, Ary", "Landoni, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353224", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238024, "pmcid": "PMC7157961", "title": "A case of imported COVID-19 diagnosed by PCR-positive lower respiratory specimen but with PCR-negative throat swabs.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Hase, Ryota", "Kurita, Takashi", "Muranaka, Emiri", "Sasazawa, Hiroki", "Mito, Haruki", "Yano, Yudai"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238024", "countries": ["Japan", "China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 35-year-old woman presented with fever and mild diarrhoea without any respiratory symptoms 9\u2009days after travelling to Japan from Wuhan, China. Her computed tomography scan revealed pneumonia. The first polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test on throat swab for the novel corona virus upon admission was negative. Therefore, she was treated for community-acquired pneumonia, but fever persisted. On hospital day 5, PCR test on induced sputum was positive, but a second polymerase chain reaction test on throat swab remained negative. She was discharged, fully recovered, on hospital day 12. A lower respiratory tract specimen should be obtained for better diagnosis of corona virus disease 2019, even in the absence of respiratory symptoms for patients with significant travel or exposure history."}, {"pmid": 32395930, "title": "Emergency ventilatory support for acute adult respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19.", "journal": "Emergencias", "authors": ["Cinesi Gomez, Cesar", "Carratala Perales, Jose Manuel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395930", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323923, "pmcid": "PMC7264789", "title": "Aerosol or droplet: critical definitions in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Kohanski, Michael A", "Palmer, James N", "Cohen, Noam A"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323923", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493522, "title": "The impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Stroke Volume.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Pasarikovski, Christopher R", "da Costa, Leodante"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493522", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312568, "pmcid": "PMC7131295", "title": "Experience and suggestion of medical practices for burns during the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Burns", "authors": ["Ma, Siyuan", "Yuan, Zhiqiang", "Peng, Yizhi", "Chen, Jing", "Li, Haisheng", "Luo, Qizhi", "Song, Huapei", "Xiang, Fei", "Tan, Jianglin", "Zhou, Junyi", "Ning, Li", "Hu, Gaozhong", "Luo, Gaoxing"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312568", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is spreading almost all over the world at present, which is caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). It was an epidemic firstly in Hubei province of China. The Chinese government has formally set COVID-19 in the statutory notification and control system for infectious diseases according to the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. China currently is still struggling to respond to COVID-19 though intensive actions with progress made. The Burn Department of our hospital is one of sections with the highest infectious risk of COVID-19. Based on our own experience and the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (7th Version) with other regulations and literature, we describe our experience with suggestions for medical practices for burn units during the COVID-19 outbreak. We hope these experiences and suggestions benefit our international colleagues during the pandemic of the COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32433217, "title": "SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Evolving Reality, Global Response, Knowledge Gaps and Opportunities.", "journal": "Shock", "authors": ["Osuchowski, Marcin F", "Aletti, Federico", "Cavaillon, Jean-Marc", "Flohe, Stefanie B", "Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J", "Huber-Lang, Markus", "Relja, Borna", "Skirecki, Tomasz", "Szabo, Andrea", "Maegele, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433217", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Approximately 3 billion people around the world have gone into some form of social separation to mitigate the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The uncontrolled influx of patients in need of emergency care has rapidly brought several national health systems to near-collapse with deadly consequences to those afflicted by COVID-19 and other critical diseases associated with COVID-19. Solid scientific evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 remains scarce; there is an urgent need to expand our understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology to facilitate precise and targeted treatments. The capacity for rapid information dissemination has emerged as a double-edged sword; the existing gap of high-quality data is frequently filled by anecdotal reports, contradictory statements and misinformation. This review addresses several important aspects unique to the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic highlighting the most relevant knowledge gaps and existing windows-of-opportunity. Specifically, focus is given to SARS-CoV-2 immunopathogenesis in the context of experimental therapies and pre-clinical evidence and their applicability in supporting efficacious clinical trial planning. The review discusses the existing challenges of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics and the potential application of translational technology for epidemiological predictions, patient monitoring and treatment decision-making in COVID-19. Furthermore, solutions for enhancing international strategies in translational research, cooperative networks and regulatory partnerships are contemplated."}, {"pmid": 32360498, "title": "Clinical features of critically ill patients with confirmed COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Chu, Yanan", "Li, Tong", "Fang, Qiang", "Wang, Xingxiang"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360498", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222166, "pmcid": "PMC7194709", "title": "Antihypertensive drugs and risk of COVID-19?", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Tignanelli, Christopher J", "Ingraham, Nicholas E", "Sparks, Matthew A", "Reilkoff, Ronald", "Bezdicek, Tamara", "Benson, Bradley", "Schacker, Timothy", "Chipman, Jeffrey G", "Puskarich, Michael A"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222166", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395702, "pmcid": "PMC7211041", "title": "The role of growth factor receptors in viral infections: An opportunity for drug repurposing against emerging viral diseases such as COVID-19?", "journal": "FASEB Bioadv", "authors": ["Hondermarck, Hubert", "Bartlett, Nathan W", "Nurcombe, Victor"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395702", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Growth factor receptors are known to be involved in the process of viral infection. Many viruses not only use growth factor receptors to physically attach to the cell surface and internalize, but also divert receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in order to replicate. Thus, repurposing drugs that have initially been developed to target growth factor receptors and their signaling in cancer may prove to be a fast track to effective therapies against emerging new viral infections, including the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32419077, "pmcid": "PMC7231527", "title": "Spontaneous Bleedings in COVID-19 Patients: An Emerging Complication.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Bargellini, Irene", "Cervelli, Rosa", "Lunardi, Alessandro", "Scandiffio, Rossella", "Daviddi, Francesco", "Giorgi, Luigi", "Cicorelli, Antonio", "Crocetti, Laura", "Cioni, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419077", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239459, "pmcid": "PMC7110984", "title": "Warning Against the Use of Anti-Inflammatory Medicines to Cure COVID-19: Building Castles in the Air.", "journal": "Adv Ther", "authors": ["Varrassi, Giustino"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239459", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437697, "pmcid": "PMC7234773", "title": "Silent COVID-19: what your skin can reveal.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Guarneri, Claudio", "Rullo, Emmanuele Venanzi", "Pavone, Piero", "Berretta, Massimiliano", "Ceccarelli, Manuela", "Natale, Alfonso", "Nunnari, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437697", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395012, "pmcid": "PMC7212734", "title": "Planning and pandemics COVID 19 illuminates why urban planners should have listened to food advocates all along.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Raja, Samina"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395012", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371558, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine use in the COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Littlejohn, Emily"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371558", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has multiple potential antiviral mechanisms of action that differ according to the pathogen studied (eg, Chikungunya, Dengue virus, human immunodeficiency virus, poliovirus, Zika virus). Data on HCQ for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are rapidly evolving. To date there is no evidence from randomized controlled trials that any single therapy improves outcomes in patients infected with COVID-19. There are also no clinical trial data supporting prophylactic HCQ therapy in COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use in patients with COVID-19 is being investigated examining prophylaxis, postexposure prophylaxis, and treatment regimens."}, {"pmid": 32483006, "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Endoscopic Training.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Kumar, Shria", "Prenner, Stacey", "Kochman, Michael L"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483006", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527699, "pmcid": "PMC7250776", "title": "[The RAAS and SARS-CoV-2: A riddle to solve].", "journal": "Hipertens Riesgo Vasc", "authors": ["Choi, M", "Aiello, E A", "Ennis, I L", "Villa-Abrille, M C"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527699", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of COVID-19 was reported on 31 December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Ever since there has been unprecedented and growing interest in learning about all aspects of this new disease. Debate has been generated as to the association between antihypertensive therapy with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors and SARS-CoV-2 infection. While many questions as yet remain unanswered, the aim of this report is to inform health professionals about the current state of knowledge. Because this is an ever-evolving topic, the recommendation is that it be updated as new evidence becomes available. Below, we provide a review of pre-clinical and clinical studies that link coronavirus to the RAAS."}, {"pmid": 32374024, "title": "Polish Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics statement on safety measures and performance of ultrasound examinations in obstetrics and gynecology during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Ginekol Pol", "authors": ["Borowski, Dariusz", "Sieroszewski, Piotr", "Czuba, Bartosz", "Jaczynska, Renata", "Anna, Kajdy", "Kwiatkowski, Sebastian", "Wiechec, Marcin", "Nocun, Agnieszka", "Kaczmarek, Piotr", "Cnota, Wojciech", "Pietryga, Marek", "Basta, Pawel", "Kosinski, Przemyslaw", "Pomorski, Michal", "Rybak-Krzyszkowska, Magda", "Wegrzyn, Piotr", "Wielgos, Miroslaw", "Zimmer, Mariusz"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374024", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present recommendations on performance and safety measures of ultrasound examinations in obstetrics and gynecology during the SARS COV-2 pandemic. The statement was prepared based on the current knowledge on the coronavirus by the Ultrasound Section of the Polish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. It has to be noted that the presented guidance is based on limited evidence and is primarily based on experiences published by authors from areas most affected by the virus thus far, such as China, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Italy. We realize that the pandemic situation is very dynamic. New data is published every day. Despite the imposed limitations related to the necessity of social distancing, it is crucial to remember that providing optimal care in safe conditions should remain the primary goal of healthcare providers. We plan to update the current guidelines as the situation develops."}, {"pmid": 32255359, "title": "Clinical utility of cardiac troponin measurement in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Ann Clin Biochem", "authors": ["Gaze, David C"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255359", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes the disease COVID-19, a severe acute respiratory syndrome. COVID-19 is now a global pandemic and public health emergency due to rapid human-to-human transmission. The impact is far-reaching, with enforced social distancing and isolation, detrimental effects on individual physical activity and mental wellbeing, education in the young and economic impact to business. Whilst most COVID-19 patients demonstrate mild-to-moderate symptoms, those with severe disease progression are at a higher risk of mortality. As more is learnt about this novel disease, it is becoming evident that comorbid cardiovascular disease is associated with a greater severity and increased mortality. Many patients positive for COVID-19 demonstrate increased concentrations of cardiac troponin, creating confusion in clinical interpretation. While myocardial infarction is associated with acute infectious respiratory disease, the majority of COVID-19 patients demonstrate stable cTn rather than the dynamically changing values indicative of an acute coronary syndrome. Although full understanding of the mechanism of cTn release in COVID-19 is currently lacking, this mini-review assesses the limited published literature with a view to offering insight to pathophysiological mechanisms and reported treatment regimens."}, {"pmid": 32205268, "pmcid": "PMC7118543", "title": "Buffer areas in emergency department to handle potential COVID-19 community infection in Taiwan.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Tren-Yi", "Lai, Huei-Wen", "Hou, I-Lun", "Lin, Ching-Hsiung", "Chen, Mu-Kuan", "Chou, Chu-Chung", "Lin, Yan-Ren"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205268", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384401, "title": "How Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak Is Impacting Colorectal Cancer Patients in Italy: A Long Shadow Beyond Infection.", "journal": "Dis Colon Rectum", "authors": ["Pellino, Gianluca", "Spinelli, Antonino"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384401", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271599, "title": "COVID19 Prevention & Care; A Cancer Specific Guideline.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Motlagh, Ali", "Yamrali, Maisa", "Azghandi, Samira", "Azadeh, Payam", "Vaezi, Mohammad", "Ashrafi, Farzaneh", "Zendehdel, Kazem", "Mirzaei, Hamidreza", "Basi, Ali", "Rakhsha, Afshin", "Seifi, Sharareh", "Tabatabaeefar, Morteza", "Elahi, Ahmad", "Pirjani, Pouneh", "Moadab Shoar, Leila", "Nadarkhani, Faranak", "Khoshabi, Mostafa", "Bahar, Massih", "Esfahani, Fatemeh", "Fudazi, Hossein", "Samiei, Farhad", "Farazmand, Borna", "Ahmari, Azin", "Vand Rajabpour, Mojtaba", "Janbabaei, Ghasem", "Raisi, Alireza", "Ostovar, Afshin", "Malekzadeh, Reza"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271599", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11th 2020, the coronavirus outbreak was declared a pandemic by the WHO. One of the groups that is considered high risk in this pandemic are cancer patients as they are treated with a variety of immune system suppressor treatment modalities and this puts them in a great risk for infectious disease (including COVID-19). Therefore, cancer patients require higher level measures for preventing and treating infectious diseases. furthermore, cancer patients may bear additional risk due to the restriction of access to the routine diagnostic and therapeutic services during such epidemic. Since most of the attention of health systems is towards patients affected with COVID-19, the need for structured and unified approaches to COVID-19 prevention and care specific to cancer patients and cancer centers is felt more than ever. This article provides the recommendations and possible actions that should be considered by patients, their caregivers and families, physician, nurses, managers and staff of medical centers involved in cancer diagnosis and treatment. We pursued two major goals in our recommendations: first, limiting the exposure of cancer patients to medical environments and second, modifying the treatment modalities in a manner that reduces the probability of myelosuppression such as delaying elective diagnostic and therapeutic services, shortening the treatment course, or prolonging the interval between treatment courses."}, {"pmid": 32389592, "pmcid": "PMC7151453", "title": "Practical Steps to Improve Air Flow in Long-Term Care Resident Rooms to Reduce COVID-19 Infection Risk.", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Lynch, Richard M", "Goring, Reginald"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389592", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The potential for spread of COVID-19 infections in skilled nursing facilities and other long-term care sites poses new challenges for nursing home administrators to protect patients and staff. It is anticipated that as acute care hospitals reach capacity, nursing homes may retain COVID-19 infected residents longer prior to transferring to an acute care hospital. This article outlines 5 pragmatic steps that long-term care facilities can take to manage airflow within resident rooms to reduce the potential for spread of infectious airborne droplets into surrounding areas, including hallways and adjacent rooms, using strategies adapted from negative-pressure isolation rooms in acute care facilities."}, {"pmid": 32513320, "title": "Health-protective behaviour, social media usage, and conspiracy belief during the COVID-19 public health emergency.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Allington, Daniel", "Duffy, Bobby", "Wessely, Simon", "Dhavan, Nayana", "Rubin, James"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513320", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526763, "title": "COVID-19 Experience in Hemodialysis Patients: A Cue for Therapeutic Heparin-Based Strategies?", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Pisani, Antonio", "Rizzo, Manuela", "Angelucci, Valentina", "Riccio, Eleonora"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526763", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In our opinion, the use of heparin could play a crucial role in these patients. In fact, recent studies have shown that heparin, the most commonly used anticoagulant during HD procedures, had anti-inflammatory properties and a direct antiviral action, due to its ability to prevent SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry into host cells. These activities, together with its anticoagulant action, could explain the ability of heparin to ameliorate COVID-19 clinical course."}, {"pmid": 32345343, "pmcid": "PMC7186945", "title": "COVID-19: ICU delirium management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Kotfis, Katarzyna", "Williams Roberson, Shawniqua", "Wilson, Jo Ellen", "Dabrowski, Wojciech", "Pun, Brenda T", "Ely, E Wesley"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345343", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2-causing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), emerged as a public health threat in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Delirium, a dangerous untoward prognostic development, serves as a barometer of systemic injury in critical illness. The early reports of 25% encephalopathy from China are likely a gross underestimation, which we know occurs whenever delirium is not monitored with a valid tool. Indeed, patients with COVID-19 are at accelerated risk for delirium due to at least seven factors including (1) direct central nervous system (CNS) invasion, (2) induction of CNS inflammatory mediators, (3) secondary effect of other organ system failure, (4) effect of sedative strategies, (5) prolonged mechanical ventilation time, (6) immobilization, and (7) other needed but unfortunate environmental factors including social isolation and quarantine without family. Given early insights into the pathobiology of the virus, as well as the emerging interventions utilized to treat the critically ill patients, delirium prevention and management will prove exceedingly challenging, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). The main focus during the COVID-19 pandemic lies within organizational issues, i.e., lack of ventilators, shortage of personal protection equipment, resource allocation, prioritization of limited mechanical ventilation options, and end-of-life care. However, the standard of care for ICU patients, including delirium management, must remain the highest quality possible with an eye towards long-term survival and minimization of issues related to post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). This article discusses how ICU professionals (e.g., physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, pharmacologists) can use our knowledge and resources to limit the burden of delirium on patients by reducing modifiable risk factors despite the imposed heavy workload and difficult clinical challenges posed by the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32468219, "title": "Excess mortality from COVID-19: a commentary on the Italian experience.", "journal": "Int J Public Health", "authors": ["Pasquariello, Paolo", "Stranges, Saverio"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468219", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523930, "pmcid": "PMC7279911", "title": "Effectiveness of Tocilizumab in a COVID-19 Patient with Cytokine Release Syndrome.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Uslu, Sadettin"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523930", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a systemic inflammatory response that can be triggered by many factors such as infections. CRS in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is life-threatening and can occur very rapidly after COVID-19 diagnosis. Tocilizumab (TCZ), an interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor, may ameliorate the CRS associated with severe COVID-19 and thus improve clinical outcomes. We present a case of life-threatening CRS caused by COVID-19 infection successfully treated with TCZ. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a systemic inflammatory response that can be triggered by COVID-19.CRS can be life-threatening in severe COVID-19.Tocilizumab may have a role in treating severe COVID-19 patients with CRS."}, {"pmid": 32495299, "pmcid": "PMC7268955", "title": "COVID-19: is there a link between the course of infection and pharmacological agents in diabetes?", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Filardi, T", "Morano, S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495299", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are two pandemics that share the dramatic impact on global mortality and economic resources. COVID-19 largely exhibits mild to moderate clinical manifestations. However, severe pneumonia with high fatality rate may occur, especially in the elderly and in patients with underlying conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a ubiquitous trans-membrane carboxypeptidase, to enter the cells. This short review discusses some open questions about the link between COVID-19 and diabetes, principally focusing on the possible effects of commonly used drugs in patients with diabetes. Preclinical studies have reported that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and ACE inhibitors might increase ACE2 expression in several cell types. Hence, it has been speculated that the treatment with these agents might influence the course of the infection, and both harmful and beneficial effects have been supposed. Other pharmacological agents are thought to increase ACE2 expression, including statins and proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-\u03b3) agonists. All these drug classes are broadly adopted in T2D. Besides ACE2, other unknown co-factors might be involved in cell infection. It has been recently observed that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), the receptor for MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus) and ACE2 have similar expression profiles in the lung. DPP4 has important metabolic and immune functions and is a target for commonly used therapies in T2D. Although clinical data supporting an influence of all these drugs on the course of the disease are limited, this is an interesting background for further research that might help unravel the complex mechanisms underlying the link between COVID-19 and diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32507557, "title": "[Recommendations for a gradual and controlled resumption of electroconvulsive therapy in France during the period of lifting of the containment and of the COVID-19 pandemic linked to SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Sauvaget, A", "Dumont, R", "Bukowski, N", "Bonnot, O", "Auffret, R", "Poulet, E", "Szekely, D", "Quiles, C", "Yrondi, A", "Plaze, M", "de Carvalho, W", "Amad, A", "Bulteau, S"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507557", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19\u00a0pandemic has had major consequences for the organization of care. In France and around the world, centers practicing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have seen their activity decrease, or even stop for many reasons. In this context, maintaining or resuming this essential therapeutic activity for many patients suffering from psychiatric disorders requires material, human and logistical adaptations that should be supervised. The objective of this collective and national work is to offer simple recommendations that can be applied immediately by any healthcare establishment, public or private, practicing ECT. They are the result of feedback from multiprofessional and inter-establishment experiences. Declined in three stages, these recommendations are accompanied by a practical sheet which describes in detail the necessary conditions and prerequisites for any resumption of ECT activity."}, {"pmid": 32303923, "pmcid": "PMC7164703", "title": "Symptoms, Stress, and HIV-Related Care Among Older People Living with HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Miami, Florida.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Algarin, Angel B", "Varas-Rodriguez, Emil", "Valdivia, Chelsea", "Fennie, Kristopher P", "Larkey, Linda", "Hu, Nan", "Ibanez, Gladys E"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303923", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445279, "pmcid": "PMC7267114", "title": "Diagnostic and prognostic values of cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Suchonwanit, Poonkiat", "Leerunyakul, Kanchana", "Kositkuljorn, Chaninan"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445279", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318643, "pmcid": "PMC7169880", "title": "Thoracic radiation therapy during COVID-19: provisional guidelines from a comprehensive cancer center within a pandemic epicenter.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Wu, Abraham J", "Rimner, Andreas", "Shepherd, Annemarie F", "Gelblum, Daphna Y", "Shaverdian, Narek", "Yorke, Ellen", "Simone, Charles B 2nd", "Gomez, Daniel R"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503874, "title": "Efficacy of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.", "journal": "BMJ Open", "authors": ["Gebrie, Desye", "Getnet, Desalegn", "Manyazewal, Tsegahun"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503874", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite global containment measures to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic continued to rise, rapidly spread across the world, and resulting in 2.6\u2009million confirmed cases and 185 061 deaths worldwide as of 23 April 2020. Yet, there are no approved vaccines or drugs to make the disease less deadly, while efforts are underway. Remdesivir, a nucleotide-analogue antiviral drug developed for Ebola, is determined to prevent and stop infections with COVID-19, while results are yet controversial. Here, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19. We will search MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and Google scholar databases for articles published as of 30 June 2020 and we will complete the study on 30 August 2020. We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines for the design and reporting of the results. We will include RCTs that assessed the efficacy of remdesivir versus placebo or standard of care. The primary endpoint will be time to clinical recovery. The secondary endpoints will be proportion of participants relieved from clinical symptoms defined at the time (in hours) from initiation of the study treatment, all-cause mortality, discharged date, frequency of respiratory progression and treatment-emergent adverse events. RevMan V.5.3 software will be used for statistical analysis. Random effects model will be carried out to calculate mean differences for continuous outcome data and risk ratio for dichotomous outcome data between remdesivir and placebo or standard of care. There are no ethical considerations associated with this study as we will use publicly available data from previously published studies. We plan to publish results in open-access peer-reviewed journals and present at international and national conferences. CRD42020177953."}, {"pmid": 32521760, "title": "Diet Supplementation, Probiotics, and Nutraceuticals in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Scoping Review.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Infusino, Fabio", "Marazzato, Massimiliano", "Mancone, Massimo", "Fedele, Francesco", "Mastroianni, Claudio Maria", "Severino, Paolo", "Ceccarelli, Giancarlo", "Santinelli, Letizia", "Cavarretta, Elena", "Marullo, Antonino G M", "Miraldi, Fabio", "Carnevale, Roberto", "Nocella, Cristina", "Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe", "Pagnini, Cristiano", "Schiavon, Sonia", "Pugliese, Francesco", "Frati, Giacomo", "d'Ettorre, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521760", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) global pandemic is a devastating event that is causing thousands of victims every day around the world. One of the main reasons of the great impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on society is its unexpected spread, which has not allowed an adequate preparation. The scientific community is fighting against time for the production of a vaccine, but it is difficult to place a safe and effective product on the market as fast as the virus is spreading. Similarly, for drugs that can directly interfere with viral pathways, their production times are long, despite the great efforts made. For these reasons, we analyzed the possible role of non-pharmacological substances such as supplements, probiotics, and nutraceuticals in reducing the risk of Sars-CoV-2 infection or mitigating the symptoms of COVID-19. These substances could have numerous advantages in the current circumstances, are generally easily available, and have negligible side effects if administered at the already used and tested dosages. Large scientific evidence supports the benefits that some bacterial and molecular products may exert on the immune response to respiratory viruses. These could also have a regulatory role in systemic inflammation or endothelial damage, which are two crucial aspects of COVID-19. However, there are no specific data available, and rigorous clinical trials should be conducted to confirm the putative benefits of diet supplementation, probiotics, and nutraceuticals in the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32343598, "title": "Serological tests for COVID-19 antibodies: Limitations must be recognized.", "journal": "Ann Clin Biochem", "authors": ["Ismail, Adel Aa"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343598", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299783, "pmcid": "PMC7271256", "title": "The association between international and domestic air traffic and the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lau, Hien", "Khosrawipour, Veria", "Kocbach, Piotr", "Mikolajczyk, Agata", "Ichii, Hirohito", "Zacharski, Maciej", "Bania, Jacek", "Khosrawipour, Tanja"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299783", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the current outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) a global pandemic. Many countries are facing increasing numbers of COVID-19 cases, which are, in their origin mostly attributed to regular international flight connections with China. This study aims to investigate this relation by analyzing available data on air traffic volume and the spread of COVID-19 cases. and findings: We analyzed available data on current domestic and international passenger volume and flight routes and compared these to the distribution of domestic and international COVID-19 cases. Our data indicate a strong linear correlation between domestic COVID-19 cases and passenger volume for regions within China (r2\u00a0=\u00a00.92, p\u00a0=\u00a00.19) and a significant correlation between international COVID-19 cases and passenger volume (r2\u00a0=\u00a00.98, p\u00a0<\u00a00.01). The number of flight routes as well as total passenger volume are highly relevant risk factors for the spread of current COVID-19. Multiple regions within Asia, as well as some in North America and Europe are at serious risk of constant exposure to COVID-19 from China and other highly infected countries. Risk for COVID-19 exposure remains relatively low in South America and Africa. If adequate measures are taken, including on-site disease detection and temporary passenger quarantine, limited but not terminated air traffic can be a feasible option to prevent a long-term crisis. Reasonable risk calculations and case evaluations per passenger volume are crucial aspects which must be considered when reducing international flights."}, {"pmid": 32485859, "title": "Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Guo, Jing", "Feng, Xing Lin", "Wang, Xiao Hua", "van IJzendoorn, Marinus H"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485859", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic might lead to more mental health problems. However, few studies have examined sleep problems, depression, and posttraumatic symptoms among the general adult population during the COVID-19 outbreak, and little is known about coping behaviors. This survey was conducted online in China from February 1st to February 10th, 2020. Quota sampling was used to recruit 2993 Chinese citizens aged \u226518 years old. Mental health problems were assessed with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Exposure to COVID-19 was measured with questions about residence at outbreak, personal exposure, media exposure, and impact on livelihood. General coping style was measured by the brief Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Respondents were also asked 12 additional questions about COVID-19 specific coping behaviors. Direct exposure to COVID-19 instead of the specific location of (temporary) residence within or outside the epicenter (Wuhan) of the pandemic seems important (standardized beta: 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02-0.09). Less mental health problems were also associated with less intense exposure through the media (standardized beta: -0.07, 95% CI: -0.10--0.03). Perceived negative impact of the pandemic on livelihood showed a large effect size in predicting mental health problems (standardized beta: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.10-0.19). More use of cognitive and prosocial coping behaviors were associated with less mental health problems (standardized beta: -0.30, 95% CI: -0.34--0.27). Our study suggests that the mental health consequences of the lockdown impact on livelihood should not be underestimated. Building on cognitive coping behaviors reappraisal or cognitive behavioral treatments may be most promising."}, {"pmid": 32431992, "pmcid": "PMC7233513", "title": "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Douedi, Steven", "Alshami, Abbas", "Costanzo, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431992", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory infection leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) accounting for thousands of cases and deaths across the world. Several alternatives in treatment options have been assessed and used in this patient population. However, when mechanical ventilation and prone positioning are unsuccessful, venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) may be used.\u00a0 We present a case of a 41-year-old female, with no significant medical history and no recent history of exposure to sick contacts, presented to the emergency department (ED) with fever, severe shortness of breath, and flu-like symptoms with a positive COVID-19 test. Ultimately, she worsened on mechanical ventilation and prone positioning and required VV-ECMO. The use of VV-ECMO in COVID-19 infected patients is still controversial. While some studies have shown a high mortality rate despite aggressive treatment, such as in our case, the lack of large sample size studies and treatment alternatives places healthcare providers against a wall without options in patients with severe refractory ARDS due to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32519994, "title": "Vertigo and hearing loss during the COVID-19 pandemic - is there an association?", "journal": "Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital", "authors": ["Karimi-Galougahi, Mahboobeh", "Naeini, Ali Safavi", "Raad, Nasim", "Mikaniki, Narges", "Ghorbani, Jahangir"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519994", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360285, "pmcid": "PMC7189845", "title": "Type I IFN immunoprofiling in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Trouillet-Assant, Sophie", "Viel, Sebastien", "Gaymard, Alexandre", "Pons, Sylvie", "Richard, Jean-Christophe", "Perret, Magali", "Villard, Marine", "Brengel-Pesce, Karen", "Lina, Bruno", "Mezidi, Mehdi", "Bitker, Laurent", "Belot, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360285", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300069, "title": "Twice-Weekly Hemodialysis Is an Option for Many Patients in Times of Dialysis Unit Stress.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Meyer, Timothy W", "Hostetter, Thomas H", "Watnick, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300069", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505712, "title": "The Fire This Time: The Stress of Racism, Inflammation and COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Ajilore, Olusola", "Thames, April D"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505712", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212141, "title": "COVID-19, guests and crews of cruise: observation on Thai citizens.", "journal": "Int Marit Health", "authors": ["Yasri, Sora", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212141", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461612, "pmcid": "PMC7253482", "title": "Vulnerabilities in coronavirus glycan shields despite extensive glycosylation.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Watanabe, Yasunori", "Berndsen, Zachary T", "Raghwani, Jayna", "Seabright, Gemma E", "Allen, Joel D", "Pybus, Oliver G", "McLellan, Jason S", "Wilson, Ian A", "Bowden, Thomas A", "Ward, Andrew B", "Crispin, Max"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461612", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses (CoVs) are zoonotic pathogens with high fatality rates and pandemic potential. Vaccine development focuses on the principal target of the neutralizing humoral immune response, the spike (S) glycoprotein. Coronavirus S proteins are extensively glycosylated, encoding around 66-87 N-linked glycosylation sites per trimeric spike. Here, we reveal a specific area of high glycan density on MERS S that results in the formation of oligomannose-type glycan clusters, which were absent on SARS and HKU1 CoVs. We provide a comparison of the global glycan density of coronavirus spikes with other viral proteins including HIV-1 envelope, Lassa virus glycoprotein complex, and influenza hemagglutinin, where glycosylation plays a known role in shielding immunogenic epitopes. Overall, our data reveal how organisation of glycosylation across class I viral fusion proteins influence not only individual glycan compositions but also the immunological pressure across the protein surface."}, {"pmid": 32416116, "pmcid": "PMC7229463", "title": "Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Hirsch, Jamie S", "Ng, Jia H", "Ross, Daniel W", "Sharma, Purva", "Shah, Hitesh H", "Barnett, Richard L", "Hazzan, Azzour D", "Fishbane, Steven", "Jhaveri, Kenar D"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416116", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with patients hospitalized with Covid-19, and associated outcomes are not well understood. This study describes the presentation, risk factors and outcomes of AKI in patients hospitalized with Covid-19. We reviewed the health records for all patients hospitalized with Covid-19 between March 1, and April 5, 2020, at 13 academic and community hospitals in metropolitan New York. Patients younger than 18 years of age, with end stage kidney disease or with a kidney transplant were excluded. AKI was defined according to KDIGO criteria. Of 5,449 patients admitted with Covid-19, AKI developed in 1,993 (36.6%). The peak stages of AKI were stage 1 in 46.5%, stage 2 in 22.4% and stage 3 in 31.1%. Of these, 14.3% required renal replacement therapy (RRT). AKI was primarily seen in Covid-19 patients with respiratory failure, with 89.7% of patients on mechanical ventilation developing AKI compared to 21.7% of non-ventilated patients. 276/285 (96.8%) of patients requiring RRT were on ventilators. Of patients who required ventilation and developed AKI, 52.2% had the onset of AKI within 24 hours of intubation. Risk factors for AKI included older age, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, black race, hypertension and need for ventilation and vasopressor medications. Among patients with AKI, 694 died (35%), 519 (26%) were discharged and 780 (39%) were still hospitalized. AKI occurs frequently among patients with Covid-19 disease. It occurs early and in temporal association with respiratory failure and is associated with a poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32478949, "title": "Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalizations at the tertiary dermatology department in south-west Poland.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Bialynicki-Birula, Rafal", "Siemasz, Iga", "Otlewska, Agnieszka", "Matusiak, Lukasz", "Szepietowski, Jacek C"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478949", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New virus SARS-Cov-2 infection has spread over the world affecting all daily activities, including functioning of health services. Due to pandemic many hospitals were ordered to re-organize their work. The aim of the current report was to evaluate the influence of COVID-19 pandemic on the hospitalizations at the tertiary dermatology department in south-west Poland. Two corresponding periods of 2019 and 2020 were compared in aspect of number of hospitalizations, sex and age profile of inpatients. We clearly showed a significant reduction of hospitalized patients during the pandemic period, with marked reduction of female patients. Moreover, the significant decrease of admissions to dermatology ward was observed within children and patients older than 70\u2009years. Patients with chronic inflammatory dermatoses (eg, atopic dermatitis, eczemas, lichen planus, pityriasis rubra pilaris) were less often hospitalized during the pandemic period. In contrast, patients suffering from dermatitis due to substances taken internally, erysipelas, syphilis and primary cutaneous lymphomas constituted significantly higher rate of hospitalized subjects in 2020\u2009year. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32234716, "title": "Cancer Labs Pivot to Battle COVID-19.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234716", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As cancer researchers shutter their labs to comply with COVID-19-related work restrictions, some are turning their attention, resources, and technical know-how to the challenge of tackling the deadly coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32382219, "pmcid": "PMC7201913", "title": "Guiding Principles for Cancer Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Deo, S V S", "Kumar, Sunil", "Kumar, Naveen", "Saikia, Jyoutishman", "Bhoriwal, Sandeep", "Bhatnagar, Sushma", "Sharma, Atul"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382219", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395606, "pmcid": "PMC7211761", "title": "Molecular docking and dynamic simulations for antiviral compounds against SARS-CoV-2: A computational study.", "journal": "Inform Med Unlocked", "authors": ["Peele, K Abraham", "Chandrasai, P", "Srihansa, T", "Krupanidhi, S", "Sai, A Vijaya", "Babu, D John", "Indira, M", "Reddy, A Ranganadha", "Venkateswarulu, T C"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395606", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to develop an appropriate anti-viral drug against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. An immediately qualifying strategy would be to use existing powerful drugs from various virus treatments. The strategy in virtual screening of antiviral databases for possible therapeutic effect would be to identify promising drug molecules, as there is currently no vaccine or treatment approved against COVID-19. Targeting the main protease (pdb id: 6LU7) is gaining importance in anti-CoV drug design. In this conceptual context, an attempt has been made to suggest an in silico computational relationship between US-FDA approved drugs, plant-derived natural drugs, and Coronavirus main protease (6LU7) protein. The evaluation of results was made based on Glide (Schr\u00f6dinger) dock score. Out of 62 screened compounds, the best docking scores with the targets were found for compounds: lopinavir, amodiaquine, and theaflavin digallate (TFDG). Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation study was also performed for 20 ns to confirm the stability behaviour of the main protease and inhibitor complexes. The MD simulation study validated the stability of three compounds in the protein binding pocket as potent binders."}, {"pmid": 32492084, "title": "Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Time to Clinical Improvement in Patients With Severe and Life-threatening COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Li, Ling", "Zhang, Wei", "Hu, Yu", "Tong, Xunliang", "Zheng, Shangen", "Yang, Juntao", "Kong, Yujie", "Ren, Lili", "Wei, Qing", "Mei, Heng", "Hu, Caiying", "Tao, Cuihua", "Yang, Ru", "Wang, Jue", "Yu, Yongpei", "Guo, Yong", "Wu, Xiaoxiong", "Xu, Zhihua", "Zeng, Li", "Xiong, Nian", "Chen, Lifeng", "Wang, Juan", "Man, Ning", "Liu, Yu", "Xu, Haixia", "Deng, E", "Zhang, Xuejun", "Li, Chenyue", "Wang, Conghui", "Su, Shisheng", "Zhang, Linqi", "Wang, Jianwei", "Wu, Yanyun", "Liu, Zhong"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492084", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Convalescent plasma is a potential therapeutic option for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but further data from randomized clinical trials are needed. To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with COVID-19. Open-label, multicenter, randomized clinical trial performed in 7 medical centers in Wuhan, China, from February 14, 2020, to April 1, 2020, with final follow-up April 28, 2020. The trial included 103 participants with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 that was severe (respiratory distress and/or hypoxemia) or life-threatening (shock, organ failure, or requiring mechanical ventilation). The trial was terminated early after 103 of a planned 200 patients were enrolled. Convalescent plasma in addition to standard treatment (n\u2009=\u200952) vs standard treatment alone (control) (n\u2009=\u200951), stratified by disease severity. Primary outcome was time to clinical improvement within 28 days, defined as patient discharged alive or reduction of 2 points on a 6-point disease severity scale (ranging from 1 [discharge] to 6 [death]). Secondary outcomes included 28-day mortality, time to discharge, and the rate of viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results turned from positive at baseline to negative at up to 72 hours. Of 103 patients who were randomized (median age, 70 years; 60 [58.3%] male), 101 (98.1%) completed the trial. Clinical improvement occurred within 28 days in 51.9% (27/52) of the convalescent plasma group vs 43.1% (22/51) in the control group (difference, 8.8% [95% CI, -10.4% to 28.0%]; hazard ratio [HR], 1.40 [95% CI, 0.79-2.49]; P\u2009=\u2009.26). Among those with severe disease, the primary outcome occurred in 91.3% (21/23) of the convalescent plasma group vs 68.2% (15/22) of the control group (HR, 2.15 [95% CI, 1.07-4.32]; P\u2009=\u2009.03); among those with life-threatening disease the primary outcome occurred in 20.7% (6/29) of the convalescent plasma group vs 24.1% (7/29) of the control group (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.30-2.63]; P\u2009=\u2009.83) (P for interaction\u2009=\u2009.17). There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality (15.7% vs 24.0%; OR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.29-1.46]; P\u2009=\u2009.30) or time from randomization to discharge (51.0% vs 36.0% discharged by day 28; HR, 1.61 [95% CI, 0.88-2.93]; P\u2009=\u2009.12). Convalescent plasma treatment was associated with a negative conversion rate of viral PCR at 72 hours in 87.2% of the convalescent plasma group vs 37.5% of the control group (OR, 11.39 [95% CI, 3.91-33.18]; P\u2009<\u2009.001). Two patients in the convalescent plasma group experienced adverse events within hours after transfusion that improved with supportive care. Among patients with severe or life-threatening COVID-19, convalescent plasma therapy added to standard treatment, compared with standard treatment alone, did not result in a statistically significant improvement in time to clinical improvement within 28 days. Interpretation is limited by early termination of the trial, which may have been underpowered to detect a clinically important difference. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000029757."}, {"pmid": 32416121, "pmcid": "PMC7233217", "title": "Glycosylated hemoglobin is associated with systemic inflammation, hypercoagulability, and prognosis of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Wang, Zhenzhou", "Du, Zhe", "Zhu, Fengxue"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416121", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, inflammation, and prognosis of COVID-19 patients has not been explored. This was a retrospective study of COVID-19 patients who underwent an HbA1c test. Their demographic data, medical history, signs and symptoms of COVID-19, laboratory test results, and final outcomes of COVID-19 treatment were collected and analyzed. A total of 132 patients were included and divided into three groups based on their blood glucose status. There were significant differences in SaO2, serum ferritin level, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen (Fbg) level, and IL6 level among the three groups. A pairwise comparison of the groups showed that groups B and C were significantly different from group A in terms of CRP, ESR, and Fbg, IL6, and serum ferritin levels (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Correlation analysis showed that there was a linear negative correlation between SaO2 and HbA1c (r\u00a0=\u00a0-0.22, P\u00a0=\u00a00.01), while there was a linear positive correlation between serum ferritin, CRP, Fbg, and ESR levels and HbA1c (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). High HbA1c level is associated with inflammation, hypercoagulability, and low SaO2 in COVID-19 patients, and the mortality rate (27.7%) is higher in patients with diabetes. Determining HbA1c level after hospital admission is thus helpful assessing inflammation, hypercoagulability, and prognosis of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32326761, "title": "Shifting Paradigms in Head and Neck Reconstructive Surgery During the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Desai, Shaun C", "Seth, Rahul"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326761", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271653, "title": "Salivary Glands: Potential Reservoirs for COVID-19 Asymptomatic Infection.", "journal": "J Dent Res", "authors": ["Xu, J", "Li, Y", "Gan, F", "Du, Y", "Yao, Y"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271653", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336565, "pmcid": "PMC7270581", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Lung Cancer: Current Clinical Context.", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Isea de la Vina, Jesus", "Ortega Granados, Ana Laura", "Alcazar-Navarrete, Bernardino"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336565", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507625, "title": "A Global Survey on the Impact of COVID-19 on Urological Services.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Teoh, Jeremy Yuen-Chun", "Ong, William Lay Keat", "Gonzalez-Padilla, Daniel", "Castellani, Daniele", "Dubin, Justin M", "Esperto, Francesco", "Campi, Riccardo", "Gudaru, Kalyan", "Talwar, Ruchika", "Okhunov, Zhamshid", "Ng, Chi-Fai", "Jain, Nitesh", "Gauhar, Vineet", "Wong, Martin Chi-Sang", "Wroclawski, Marcelo Langer", "Tanidir, Yiloren", "Rivas, Juan Gomez", "Tiong, Ho-Yee", "Loeb, Stacy"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507625", "countries": ["New Zealand", "Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The impact of COVID-19 on urological services in different geographical areas is unknown. To investigate the global impact of COVID-19 on urological providers and the provision of urological patient care. A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted from March 30, 2020 to April 7, 2020. A 55-item questionnaire was developed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on various aspects of urological services. Target respondents were practising urologists, urology trainees, and urology nurses/advanced practice providers. The primary outcome was the degree of reduction in urological services, which was further stratified by the geographical location, degree of outbreak, and nature and urgency of urological conditions. The secondary outcome was the duration of delay in urological services. A total of 1004 participants responded to our survey, and they were mostly based in Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Worldwide, 41% of the respondents reported that their hospital staff members had been diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, 27% reported personnel shortage, and 26% had to be deployed to take care of COVID-19 patients. Globally, only 33% of the respondents felt that they were given adequate personal protective equipment, and many providers expressed fear of going to work (47%). It was of concerning that 13% of the respondents were advised not to wear a surgical face mask for the fear of scaring their patients, and 21% of the respondents were advised not to discuss COVID-19 issues or concerns on media. COVID-19 had a global impact on the cut-down of urological services, including outpatient clinic appointments, outpatient investigations and procedures, and urological surgeries. The degree of cut-down of urological services increased with the degree of COVID-19 outbreak. On average, 28% of outpatient clinics, 30% of outpatient investigations and procedures, and 31% of urological surgeries had a delay of >8 wk. Urological services for benign conditions were more affected than those for malignant conditions. Finally, 47% of the respondents believed that the accumulated workload could be dealt with in a timely manner after the COVID-19 outbreak, but 50% thought the postponement of urological services would affect the treatment and survival outcomes of their patients. One of the limitations of this study is that Africa, Australia, and New Zealand were under-represented. COVID-19 had a profound global impact on urological care and urology providers. The degree of cut-down of urological services increased with the degree of COVID-19 outbreak and was greater for benign than for malignant conditions. One-fourth of urological providers were deployed to assist with COVID-19 care. Many providers reported insufficient personal protective equipment and support from hospital administration. Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has led to significant delay in outpatient care and surgery in urology, particularly in regions with the most COVID-19 cases. A considerable proportion of urology health care professionals have been deployed to assist in COVID-19 care, despite the perception of insufficient training and protective equipment."}, {"pmid": 32360879, "pmcid": "PMC7192079", "title": "Unintended Consequence: Influenza plunges with public health response to COVID-19 in Singapore.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Chow, Angela", "Hein, Aung Aung", "Kyaw, Win Mar"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360879", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437831, "pmcid": "PMC7212257", "title": "Reply to: 'Younger patients with MAFLD are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 illness: A multicenter preliminary analysis'.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Ji, Dong", "Qin, Enqiang", "Lau, George"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437831", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518457, "pmcid": "PMC7270492", "title": "A strange new world.", "journal": "New Sci", "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518457", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus may be upending our lives, but we aren't helpless against it."}, {"pmid": 32335607, "title": "Understanding COVID-19 in Nepal.", "journal": "J Nepal Health Res Counc", "authors": ["Pun, Sher Bahadur", "Mandal, Shrawan", "Bhandari, Lilanath", "Jha, Santoshananda", "Rajbhandari, Sagar", "Mishra, Abdhesh Kumar", "Sharma Chalise, Bimal", "Shah, Rajesh"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335607", "countries": ["China", "Nepal"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in 31 December 2019 in Wuhan City, China. The first case of COVID-19 was officially announced on 24 January, 2020, in Nepal. Nine COVID-19 cases have been reported in Nepal. We aim to describe our experiences of COVID-19 patients in Nepal. Keywords: COVID-19; experience; Nepal."}, {"pmid": 32395795, "title": "What are the economic implications of COVID-19.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Zouari, Abderrazak"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395795", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531195, "title": "Transforming ambulatory heart failure care in the COVID-19 era: initial experience from a heart failure disease management clinic.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Umapathi, Priya", "Cuomo, Kimberly", "Riley, Sarah", "Hubbard, Abby", "Menzel, Kathryn", "Sauer, Erica", "Gilotra, Nisha A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531195", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271278, "pmcid": "PMC7253044", "title": "Integrated Radiologic Algorithm for COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Sverzellati, Nicola", "Milanese, Gianluca", "Milone, Francesca", "Balbi, Maurizio", "Ledda, Roberta E", "Silva, Mario"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271278", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381594, "pmcid": "PMC7228560", "title": "Call for ensuring cancer care continuity during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Tagliamento, Marco", "Lambertini, Matteo", "Genova, Carlo", "Barisione, Emanuela", "De Maria, Andrea", "Grosso, Marco", "Poggio, Francesca", "Vagge, Stefano", "Boccardo, Francesco", "Pronzato, Paolo", "Del Mastro, Lucia"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381594", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276137, "pmcid": "PMC7139252", "title": "Individual risk management strategy and potential therapeutic options for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Gasmi, Amin", "Noor, Sadaf", "Tippairote, Torsak", "Dadar, Maryam", "Menzel, Alain", "Bjorklund, Geir"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276137", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is an ugly fact that a significant amount of the world's population will contract SARS-CoV-II infection with the current spreading. While a specific treatment is not yet coming soon, individual risk assessment and management strategies are crucial. The individual preventive and protective measures drive the personal risk of getting the disease. Among the virus-contracted hosts, their different metabolic status, as determined by their diet, nutrition, age, sex, medical conditions, lifestyle, and environmental factors, govern the personal fate toward different clinical severity of COVID-19, from asymptomatic, mild, moderate, to death. The careful individual assessment for the possible dietary, nutritional, medical, lifestyle, and environmental risks, together with the proper relevant risk management strategies, is the sensible way to deal with the pandemic of SARS-CoV-II."}, {"pmid": 32501664, "title": "Waiting for Certainty on Covid-19 Antibody Tests - At What Cost?", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Weinstein, Milton C", "Freedberg, Kenneth A", "Hyle, Emily P", "Paltiel, A David"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501664", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360940, "pmcid": "PMC7192091", "title": "Preliminary estimation of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Iran: A reply to Sharifi.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhuang, Zian", "Zhao, Shi", "Lin, Qianying", "Cao, Peihua", "Lou, Yijun", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360940", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220986, "title": "Telemedicine services thrive during Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220986", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513299, "title": "Efficacy and safety of Anluohuaxian in the treatment of patients with severe Coronavirus disease 2019- a multicenter, open label, randomized controlled study: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Zhang, Chi", "Li, Jiawen", "Wu, Zhao", "Wang, He", "Que, Chengli", "Zhao, Hong", "Wang, Guiqiang"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513299", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with severe COVID-19 often suffer from significant pulmonary fibrosis. Although the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis has not been fully explained, the signal pathways and cytokines involved are very similar to hepatic fibrosis. This has been successfully treated with the Anluohuaxian Pill, a proprietary Chinese medicine composed of a variety of Chinese herbal medicines. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Anluohuaxian in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with severe COVID-19. This is a prospective, multicenter, open, randomized controlled trial. The distribution ratio was 2:1, 500 cases in the experimental group and 250 cases in the control group. Minimum Age: 18 Years Maximum Age: 80 Years Sex: All Gender Based: No Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No Inclusion Criteria: 1.Confirmed COVID-19, and the nucleic acid test of respiratory specimens such as sputum or nasopharyngeal swabs is negative twice after the treatment (sampling interval is at least 24 hours);2.Negative nucleic acid test of respiratory specimens such as sputum or nasopharyngeal swabs during screening visits;3.High-resolution CT of the lung (HRCT) indicates pulmonary fibrosis (thickness of lobular septum, honeycomb-like changes, with or without bronchial / pleural distraction);4.Voluntarily participate in research and sign informed consent. 1.Combined with severe heart, lung (diagnosed with interstitial lung disease, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc.), liver and kidney disease or with endocrine, rheumatic, neurologic, malignant and other systemic diseases;2.Have been diagnosed with connective tissue disease;3.Pregnant or lactating women;4.History of mental disorders, substance abuse or dependence;5.Have used other anti-pulmonary fibrosis drugs in the past 14 days, such as nintedanib, pirfenidone, penicillamine, colchicine, tumor necrosis factor alpha blocker, imatinib, glucocorticoid hormones, morphomycodyl esters, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, interferon-\u03b3, and traditional Chinese medicine;6.Researchers consider it inappropriate to participate in research;7.Participating in other clinical research. This mutli-centre RCT will be undertaken in 9 trial centres: The Second People's Hospital of Fuyang, Ezhou Central Hospital, Huoshenshan Hospital of Wuhan, Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, West Hospital Union Hospital Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wenzhou Medical University Affiliated First Hospital. The research drug is Anluohuaxian Pill, which is provided by Senlong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. The basic therapeutic drugs for COVID-19 involved in the study include antiviral drugs. Brands can be selected according to the treatment routines of each research center to facilitate the improvement of treatment compliance. Primary Outcome Measure: 1.Changes in high-resolution computer tomography of the lung Changes in ground-glass shadows, interstitial or air nodules found on high-resolution computer tomography [Time Frame: 3 months] 2.Change in 6-minute walking distance [Time Frame: 3 months] RANDOMISATION: In this study, the central randomization system (IWRS, an interactive network response system based on network) is used to randomise the groups. The subjects who met the entry criteria were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group according to the proportion of 2:1. In this study, the block randomized grouping method is used, and the block length is 6. The random grouping program is set up by statistical and computer professionals in the randomization process. This is an open label trial. Trial participants, investigators, care givers, outcome assessors, and date analysts are not blinded to group assignment. 750 patients are expected to be enrolled and the cases are allocated according to the ratio of 2 (Anluohuaxian combined with regular treatment group):1 (regular treatment group). Protocol version number 3.0, 10th April 2020. The recruitment has not yet started. Actual Study Start Date: April 1, 2020 Estimated Primary Completion Date: June 1, 2020 Estimated Study Completion Date: December 1, 2020 TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04334265. Registered on 3 April 2020 FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32217754, "title": "Covid-19: What is the UK's testing strategy?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217754", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32200400, "title": "Rapid Progression to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Review of Current Understanding of Critical Illness from COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Ann Acad Med Singapore", "authors": ["Goh, Ken J", "Choong, Mindy Cm", "Cheong, Elizabeth Ht", "Kalimuddin, Shirin", "Duu Wen, Sewa", "Phua, Ghee Chee", "Chan, Kian Sing", "Haja Mohideen, Salahudeen"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200400", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak that started in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019 has now extended across the globe with >100,000 cases and 3,000 deaths reported in 93 countries as of 7 March 2020. We report a case of COVID-19 infection in a 64-year-old man who developed rapidly worsening respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that required intubation. As the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 ranges widely from mild illness to ARDS with a high risk of mortality, there is a need for more research to identify early markers of disease severity. Current evidence suggests that patients with advanced age, pre-existing comorbidities or dyspnoea should be closely monitored, especially at 1-2 weeks after symptom onset. It remains to be seen if laboratory findings such as lymphopenia or elevated lactate dehydrogenase may serve as early surrogates for critical illness or markers of disease recovery. Management of ARDS in COVID-19 remains supportive while we await results of drug trials. More studies are needed to understand the incidence and outcomes of ARDS and critical illness from COVID-19, which will be important for critical care management and resource planning."}, {"pmid": 32478557, "title": "Moral and mental health challenges faced by maternity staff during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Horsch, Antje", "Lalor, Joan", "Downe, Soo"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478557", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic places maternity staff at risk of engaging in clinical practice that may be in direct contravention with evidence; professional recommendations; or, more profoundly, deeply held ethical or moral beliefs and values, as services attempt to control the risk of cross-infection. Practice changes in some settings include reduction in personal contacts for tests, treatments and antenatal and postnatal care, exclusion of birth partners for labor and birth, separation of mother and baby in the immediate postnatal period, restrictions on breastfeeding, and reduced capacity for hands-on professional labor support through social distancing and use of personal protective equipment. These enforced changes may result in increasing levels of occupational moral injury that need to be addressed at both an organizational and a personal level. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32425263, "pmcid": "PMC7229916", "title": "The delights and perils of publishing, knowledge-sharing and critique during a pandemic: Observations from COVID-19 coagulopathies.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Kazi, Sajida", "Malinowski, A Kinga", "Othman, Maha"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425263", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337862, "title": "Using effective hand hygiene practice to prevent and control infection.", "journal": "Nurs Stand", "authors": ["Hillier, Mark Dexter"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337862", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Decontamination using hand hygiene remains one of the most important and effective methods for reducing healthcare-associated infections and cross-infection between patients. In 1860, Florence Nightingale wrote that nurses should wash their hands frequently throughout the day, demonstrating an early awareness of the effectiveness of this simple procedure. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that effectively applied hand hygiene is a vital intervention that can be used to prevent the spread of disease. This article details the correct procedure required for effective hand hygiene and emphasises the need for nurses to keep up to date with evidence-based guidelines. The article also outlines the differences between hand decontamination using alcohol-based hand gels and soap and water, and the complex factors that can interfere with effective hand hygiene compliance."}, {"pmid": 32518133, "title": "Interhospital transport of patients with COVID-19: Cleveland Clinic approach.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Brown, Abigail S", "Hustey, Fredric M", "Reddy, Anita J"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518133", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hospital-to-hospital transportation of patients in the COVID-19 era presents unique challenges to ensuring the safety of both patients and health care providers. Crucial factors to address include having adequate supplies of protective equipment and ensuring their appropriate use, defining patient care procedures during transport, and decontamination post-transport. Transport vehicles need to have adequate physical space, an isolated driver compartment, NS HEPA filtration of air. Having a standardized intake process can help identify patients who would benefit from transport to another facility."}, {"pmid": 32461415, "title": "Tele-consultations and electronic medical records driven remote patient care: Responding to the COVID-19 lockdown in India.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Das, Anthony V", "Rani, Padmaja K", "Vaddavalli, Pravin K"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461415", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the experience of tele-consultations addressed at the centre of excellence of a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India during the ongoing novel coronavirus (COVID-19) lockdown. This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 7,008 tele-consultations presenting between March 23rd and April 19th 2020. A three-level protocol was implemented to triage the calls. The data of patient queries were collected using a Google Form/Sheets and the tele-calls were returned using the patient information retrieved from the electronic medical record system. Overall, 7,008 tele-calls were addressed, of which 2,805 (40.02%) patients where a clinical-related query was answered were included for analysis. The most common queries were related to redness/pain/watering/blurring of vision (31.52%), closely followed by usage of medications (31.05%). The majority of the queries were directed to the department of cornea (34.15%), followed by retina (24.74%). Less than one-fifth of the patients were from the lower socio-economic class (16.08%) and one-fourth were new patients (23.96%). The most common advice given to the patient was related to management of medications (54.15%) followed by appointment related (17.79%). Emergency requests requiring further evaluation by an ophthalmologist accounted for a small percentage (16.36%) of patients. Tracking of tele-consultations and access to patient information from the electronic medical records enabled a timely response in an ongoing lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The current experience provided valuable insights to the possibility of managing patient follow-up visits remotely in the future."}, {"pmid": 32505792, "title": "Healthcare Personnel Exposure to a Patient with Asymptomatic SARS-CoV2 Infection during a Prolonged Surgical Intervention.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Lucar, Jose", "Navalkele, Bhagyashri", "Becker, Blake P", "Reed, Chris D", "Parham, Jason"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is ongoing debate regarding the role of aerosols in the transmission of SARS-CoV2 in the healthcare environment. Here we report a case in which multiple operating room healthcare providers were exposed to a patient with asymptomatic SARS-CoV2 infection during a prolonged orthopedic surgical intervention and had no evidence of COVID-19 during the 14-day post-exposure period."}, {"pmid": 32364774, "title": "Correction to: Protecting Medical Trainees on the COVID-19 Frontlines Saves Us All.", "journal": "Circulation", "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364774", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448330, "pmcid": "PMC7246000", "title": "Early awake prone position combined with high-flow nasal oxygen therapy in severe COVID-19: a case series.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Xu, Qiancheng", "Wang, Tao", "Qin, Xuemei", "Jie, Yanli", "Zha, Lei", "Lu, Weihua"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448330", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32048560, "pmcid": "PMC7099638", "title": "The global spread of 2019-nCoV: a molecular evolutionary analysis.", "journal": "Pathog Glob Health", "authors": ["Benvenuto, Domenico", "Giovanetti, Marta", "Salemi, Marco", "Prosperi, Mattia", "De Flora, Cecilia", "Junior Alcantara, Luiz Carlos", "Angeletti, Silvia", "Ciccozzi, Massimo"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32048560", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global spread of the 2019-nCoV is continuing and is fast moving, as indicated by the WHO raising the risk assessment to high. In this article, we provide a preliminary phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis of this new virus. A Maximum Clade Credibility tree has been built using the 29 available whole genome sequences of 2019-nCoV and two whole genome sequences that are highly similar sequences from Bat SARS-like Coronavirus available in GeneBank. We are able to clarify the mechanism of transmission among the countries which have provided the 2019-nCoV sequence isolates from their patients. The Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction shows that the 2019-2020 nCoV most probably originated from the Bat SARS-like Coronavirus circulating in the Rhinolophus bat family. In agreement with epidemiological observations, the most likely geographic origin of the new outbreak was the city of Wuhan, China, where 2019-nCoV time of the most recent common ancestor emerged, according to molecular clock analysis, around November 25th, 2019. These results, together with previously recorded epidemics, suggest a recurring pattern of periodical epizootic outbreaks due to Betacoronavirus. Moreover, our study describes the same population genetic dynamic underlying the SARS 2003 epidemic, and suggests the urgent need for the development of effective molecular surveillance strategies of Betacoronavirus among animals and Rhinolophus of the bat family."}, {"pmid": 32510155, "title": "Valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a young patient with a suspected COVID-19 infection: a surgical dilemma in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiothorac Surg", "authors": ["Bauernschmitt, Robert", "Gabriel, Philip", "Gottardi, Roman", "Sodian, Ralf"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510155", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report on a case of a 57-year-old male patient, who underwent full root replacement in 2005 and now presented with high grade aortic insufficiency. On admission, the patient underwent a computed tomography scan which demonstrated interstitial infiltration in the left lung, highly suspicious for a COVID-19 infection that could not be confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. As there usually is a delay between infection and positive RT-PCR test results, the initial decision was to perform additional testing. However, the patient deteriorated quickly in spite of optimal medical therapy making urgent aortic valve replacement necessary. We decided to perform transcatheter aortic valve replacement to avoid cardiopulmonary bypass with shorter operative times, presumably shorter ventilation times and duration of intensive care unit stay, and thus a lesser risk for pulmonary complications."}, {"pmid": 32511852, "title": "Skin changes attributed to protective measures against COVID-19: a compilation.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Das, Anupam", "Kumar, Satarupa", "Sil, Abheek", "Jafferany, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179908, "pmcid": "PMC7184483", "title": "A 55-Day-Old Female Infant Infected With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease: Presenting With Pneumonia, Liver Injury, and Heart Damage.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cui, Yuxia", "Tian, Maolu", "Huang, Dong", "Wang, Xike", "Huang, Yuying", "Fan, Li", "Wang, Liang", "Chen, Yun", "Liu, Wenpu", "Zhang, Kai", "Wu, Yue", "Yang, Zhenzhong", "Tao, Jing", "Feng, Jie", "Liu, Kaiyu", "Ye, Xianwei", "Wang, Rongpin", "Zhang, Xiangyan", "Zha, Yan"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179908", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous studies on the pneumonia outbreak caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were mainly based on information from adult populations. Limited data are available for children with COVID-19, especially for infected infants. We report a 55-day-old case with COVID-19 confirmed in China and describe the identification, diagnosis, clinical course, and treatment of the patient, including the disease progression from day 7 to day 11 of illness. This case highlights that children with COVID-19 can also present with multiple organ damage and rapid disease changes. When managing such infant patients with COVID-19, frequent and careful clinical monitoring is essential."}, {"pmid": 32374248, "pmcid": "PMC7225215", "title": "Characteristics of disease progress in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Ji, Mengyao", "Yuan, Lei", "Shen, Wei", "Lv, Junwei", "Li, Yong", "Li, Ming", "Lu, Xuefang", "Hu, Lanhua", "Dong, Weiguo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374248", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were classified into four clinical stages (uncomplicated illness, mild, severe and critical pneumonia) depending on disease severity. We aim to investigate the corresponding clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics between different clinical stages. A retrospective, single-centre study of 101 confirmed patients with COVID-19 at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from 2 January to 28 January 2020 was enrolled; follow-up endpoint was on 8 February 2020. Clinical data were collected and compared during the course of illness. The median age of the 101 patients was 51.0 years and 33.6% were medical staff. Fever (68%), cough (50%) and fatigue (23%) are the most common symptoms. About 26% patients underwent the mechanical ventilation and 98% patients were treated with antibiotics. Thirty-seven per cent patients were cured and 11 died. On admission, the number of patients with uncomplicated illness, mild, severe and critical pneumonia were 2 [2%], 86 [85%], 11 [11%] and 2 [2%]. Forty-four of the 86 mild pneumonia progressed to severe illness within 4 days, with nine patients worsened due to critical pneumonia within 4 days. Two of the 11 severe patients improved to mild condition while three others deteriorated. Significant differences were observed among groups of different clinical stages in numbers of influenced pulmonary segments (6 vs. 12 vs. 17, P < 0.001). A significantly upward trend was witnessed in ground-glass opacities overlapped with striped shadows (33% vs. 42% vs. 55% vs. 80%, P < 0.001), while pure ground-glass opacities gradually decreased as disease progressed (45% vs. 35% vs. 24% vs. 13%, P < 0.001) within 12 days. Lymphocytes, prealbumin and albumin showed a downtrend as disease progressed from mild to severe or critical condition, an uptrend was found in white blood cells, C-reactive protein, neutrophils and lactate dehydrogenase. The proportions of serum amyloid A > 300 mg/l in mild, severe and critical conditions were 18%, 46% and 71%, respectively."}, {"pmid": 31969317, "title": "Coronavirus: UK screens direct flights from Wuhan after US case.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-01-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31969317", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356869, "title": "Public Health Measures and the Reproduction Number of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Inglesby, Thomas V"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356869", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295460, "title": "Oculoplastic surgery practice during the COVID-19 novel coronavirus pandemic: experience sharing from Hong Kong.", "journal": "Orbit", "authors": ["Mak, Shiu Ting", "Yuen, Hunter Kl"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295460", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, all parts of the world are hit hard by COVID-19. The first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the territory of Hong Kong was announced on January 23, 2020. Since then, oculoplastic surgeons in Hong Kong have been taking every measure to protect all healthcare workers and patients from contracting the disease. This paper aims to share the experiences of and measures taken by local oculoplastic surgeons in combating COVID-19. Three main aspects are discussed, namely clinical, administrative, and training and educational. We hope our experiences would provide reference to fellow oculoplastic colleagues in other parts of the world in fighting this COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32334050, "pmcid": "PMC7175883", "title": "The Vascular Surgery COVID-19 Collaborative (VASCC).", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Mouawad, Nicolas J", "Cuff, Robert F", "Hultgren, Rebecka", "Chuen, Jason", "Galeazzi, Edoardo", "Wohlauer, Max"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334050", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499864, "pmcid": "PMC7266510", "title": "A Survey of County Health Departments of Kansas Regarding COVID-19.", "journal": "Kans J Med", "authors": ["Raghuveer, Talkad S", "Zackula, Rosey E", "Wittler, Robert R"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499864", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) causing COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) initially was identified in China in December 2019. It has resulted in a pandemic with increasing spread of the virus in the U.S. The county health departments around U.S. are spearheading the response to contain the spread of this virus. This project was a survey of county health departments in the state of Kansas with data collection period from April 15 to April 24, 2020. This study evaluated the staffing, resources, and funding of these health departments and how it was affecting the efforts to contain COVID-19. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the responses. A total of 75% of the county health departments in Kansas responded to the survey. In 89% of locations, the staffing had not increased. Most health departments had an average of five people and the four largest ones had 30 to 98 staff working on COVID-19. Most locations used the Kansas Department of Health and Environment criteria for testing and used a combination of state or private laboratories. The results of the tests were available three days or longer in 62% and after five days in 14% of sites. All locations were active in contact tracing, but most had one to three people for this purpose and in 90% the contact tracing interview was via phone calls. There was no change in funding in 21% and decreased funding in 8.5% of health departments. Most locations had an average of five nasopharyngeal swabs on the day of the survey. The most common needs expressed were help to increase testing capability, more public education, more personal protective equipment, increased personnel, and assistance with contract tracing. There is an urgent need in Kansas to increase support to county health departments for testing capability, personal protective equipment, increased number of staff, increased help with contact tracing, and especially increase support for public education."}, {"pmid": 32295319, "title": "Innovative screening tests for COVID-19 in South Korea.", "journal": "Clin Exp Emerg Med", "authors": ["Choi, Sangchun", "Han, Chul", "Lee, Jisook", "Kim, Sang-Il", "Kim, In Byung"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295319", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the number of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases has increased remarkably in South Korea, so the triage clinics and emergency departments (ED) are expected to be overcrowded with patients with presumed infection. As of March 21st, there was a total of 8,799 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 102 related deaths in South Korea that was one of the top countries with high incidence rates [1]. This sharp increase in infection is associated with 1) outbreaks in individual provinces, 2) deployment of rapid and aggressive screening tests, 3) dedicated healthcare staffs for virus screening tests, 4) quarantine inspection data transparency and accurate data reporting, and 5) public health lessons from previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreaks. This commentary introduces innovative screening tests that are currently used in South Korea for COVID-19, e.g., Drive-Through and Walk-Through tests, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of both methods."}, {"pmid": 32525578, "title": "When do you say it's SARS-CoV-2-associated diarrhea?", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Aguila, Enrik John T", "Cua, Ian Homer Y", "Dumagpi, Joseph Erwin L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525578", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403141, "title": "Vertical Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: A Systematic Review.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Yang, Ziyi", "Liu, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403141", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2003The aim of this study is to summarize currently available evidence on vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). \u2003A systematic review was conducted following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Statement. \u2003A total of 22 studies comprising 83 neonates born to mothers diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 were included in the present systematic review. Among these neonates, three were confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection at 16, 36, and 72\u2009hours after birth, respectively, by nasopharyngeal swab real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests; another six had elevated virus-specific antibody levels in serum samples collected after birth, but negative RT-PCR test results. However, without positive RT-PCR tests of amniotic fluid, placenta, or cord blood, there is a lack of virologic evidence for intrauterine vertical transmission. \u2003There is currently no direct evidence to support intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Additional RT-PCR tests on amniotic fluid, placenta, and cord blood are needed to ascertain the possibility of intrauterine vertical transmission. For pregnant women infected during their first and second trimesters, further studies focusing on long-term outcomes are needed. \u00b7 We review neonates of mothers diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).. \u00b7 No direct virologic evidence of vertical transmission has been reported.. \u00b7 No evidence that cesarean delivery is safer than vaginal delivery.. \u00b7 More RT-PCR tests on amniotic fluid, placenta, and cord blood are recommended.."}, {"pmid": 32502644, "pmcid": "PMC7266588", "title": "Excretion of Sars-Cov-2 in human breastmilk samples.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Costa, Simonetta", "Posteraro, Brunella", "Marchetti, Simona", "Tamburrini, Enrica", "Carducci, Brigida", "Lanzone, Antonio", "Valentini, Piero", "Buonsenso, Danilo", "Sanguinetti, Maurizio", "Vento, Giovanni", "Cattani, Paola"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502644", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32105090, "title": "Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: Lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic.", "journal": "Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Prompetchara, Eakachai", "Ketloy, Chutitorn", "Palaga, Tanapat"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105090", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world is witnessing the epidemic of COVID-19, a disease caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerging genetics and clinical evidences suggest a similar path to those of SARS and MERS. The rapid genomic sequencing and open access data, together with advanced vaccine technology, are expected to give us more knowledge on the pathogen itself, including the host immune response as well as the plan for therapeutic vaccines in the near future. This review aims to provide a comparative view among SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the newly epidemic SARS-CoV-2, in the hope to gain a better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, host immune responses, and the pathogen immune evasion strategies. This predictive view may help in designing an immune intervention or preventive vaccine for COVID-19 in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32437936, "pmcid": "PMC7207113", "title": "Viral exanthem with \"Spins and needles sensation\" on extremities of a COVID-19 patient: A self-reported case from an Indonesian medical frontliner.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Putra, Bayushi Eka", "Adiarto, Suko", "Dewayanti, Santi Rahayu", "Juzar, Dafsah Arifa"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437936", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cutaneous manifestation is a newly reported clinical manifestation of COVID-19 infection. The clinical description of cutaneous manifestation is still not fully described. Our patient, a medical person, had viral exanthem distributed in the extremities along with a \"Spins and needles sensation,\" which differs from a previously published paper on cutaneous manifestations. The differential diagnosis of drug-induced skin rash and hand-foot-mouth disease was ruled out based on the patient's previous history and course of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32414770, "title": "England's health policy response to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Alderwick, Hugh", "Dunn, Phoebe", "Dixon, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414770", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501021, "title": "Community-based screening and testing for Coronavirus in Cape Town, South Africa: Short report.", "journal": "Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med", "authors": ["David, Neal", "Mash, Robert"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501021", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Cape Town in March 2020 and the transmission was soon observed in local communities. Cape Town has many vulnerable communities because of poverty, overcrowding and comorbidities, although it has a relatively small elderly population. Amongst the unique and early responses to the pandemic in South Africa has been the strategy of community screening and testing (CST). This process has been drawn from health department's prior adoption of a community-orientated primary care (COPC) approach, which relies on teams of community health workers working in delineated communities to prevent disease and provide early interventions for those at higher risk. The COPC principles were applied in the CST programme, which involved collaboration between facility and community-based teams, linking public health and primary care approaches, careful mapping of cases in highly vulnerable communities, targeted screening around cases, testing of those that screened positive, health education and linkage to primary care. The overall aim was to slow down transmission through early identification and isolation of diagnosed cases. Key challenges involved the designing of a screening tool with appropriate sensitivity and specificity as well as the logistics of staffing, transport, consumables, data collection and capture, security, ablutions and personal protective equipment. Key opportunities included synergies between CST and evolving commitment to COPC in the health system. Key threats were the deteriorating security situation in the most vulnerable communities because of loss of income, food insecurity and CST distrust as well as increasing turn-around-times for test results."}, {"pmid": 32193314, "title": "Preventing COVID-19 prejudice in academia.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Rzymski, Piotr", "Nowicki, Michal"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193314", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342039, "pmcid": "PMC7183973", "title": "Letter to the Editor: \"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection\".", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Maida, Fabrizio Di", "Antonelli, Alessandro", "Porreca, Angelo", "Rocco, Bernardo", "Mari, Andrea", "Minervini, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342039", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305134, "pmcid": "PMC7151480", "title": "Chest Imaging in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Infection - A Case Series.", "journal": "Curr Probl Diagn Radiol", "authors": ["Bhat, Roopa", "Hamid, Aws", "Kunin, Jeffrey R", "Saboo, Sachin S", "Batra, Kiran", "Baruah, Dhiraj", "Bhat, Ambarish P"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305134", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease-19) is a zoonotic illness first reported in the city of Wuhan, China in December 2019, and is now officially a global pandemic as declared by the World Health Organization. The infection is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 infected patients can be asymptomatic carriers or present with mild-to-severe respiratory symptoms. Imaging, including computed tomography is not recommended to screen/diagnose COVID-19 infections, but plays an important role in management of these patients, and to rule out alternative diagnoses or coexistent diseases. In our multicenter case series, we outline the clinical presentations and illustrate the most common imaging manifestations in patients hospitalized with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32484915, "title": "Feasibility of Tocilizumab in ICU patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Issa, Nahema", "Dumery, Margot", "Guisset, Olivier", "Mourissoux, Gaelle", "Bonnet, Fabrice", "Camou, Fabrice"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484915", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe COVID-19 causes cytokine release syndrome and is associated with high mortality. In this retrospective case series, all patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by semi quantitative RT-PCR and hyperinflammatory markers were treated with tocilizumab. The use of tocilizumab was associated with rapid apyrexia, improvement of respiratory, biological parameters and short length of hospitalization (11 days). Moreover, no adverse effect attributed to the treatment was noticed. Tocilizumab seems to be a promising and safe therapy in severe patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32334422, "title": "Smartphone-based multiplex 30-minute nucleic acid test of live virus from nasal swab extract.", "journal": "Lab Chip", "authors": ["Sun, Fu", "Ganguli, Anurup", "Nguyen, Judy", "Brisbin, Ryan", "Shanmugam, Krithika", "Hirschberg, David L", "Wheeler, Matthew B", "Bashir, Rashid", "Nash, David M", "Cunningham, Brian T"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334422", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid, sensitive and specific detection and reporting of infectious pathogens is important for patient management and epidemic surveillance. We demonstrated a point-of-care system integrated with a smartphone for detecting live virus from nasal swab media, using a panel of equine respiratory infectious diseases as a model system for corresponding human diseases such as COVID-19. Specific nucleic acid sequences of five pathogens were amplified by loop-mediated isothermal amplification on a microfluidic chip and detected at the end of reactions by the smartphone. Pathogen-spiked horse nasal swab samples were correctly diagnosed using our system, with a limit of detection comparable to that of the traditional lab-based test, polymerase chain reaction, with results achieved in \u223c30 minutes."}, {"pmid": 32360316, "pmcid": "PMC7183962", "title": "Reply to 'CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management' by Ferreli F. et al.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Pichi, Barbara", "Mazzola, Francesco", "Bonsembiante, Anna", "Petruzzi, Gerardo", "Zocchi, Jacopo", "Moretto, Silvia", "De Virgilio, Armando", "Pellini, Raul"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360316", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404591, "title": "COVID-19: Intubation kit, intubation team or intubation spots?", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Sorbello, M", "Morello, G", "Pintaudi, S", "Cataldo, R"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404591", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415272, "pmcid": "PMC7225634", "title": "Connecting data, tools and people across Europe: ELIXIR's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Hum Genet", "authors": ["Blomberg, Niklas", "Lauer, Katharina B"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "ELIXIR, the European research infrastructure for life science data, provides open access to data, tools and workflows in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. ELIXIR's 23 nodes have reacted swiftly to support researchers in their combined efforts against the pandemic setting out three joint priorities: 1. Connecting national COVID-19 data platforms to create federated European COVID-19 Data Spaces; 2. Fostering good data management to make COVID-19 data open, FAIR and reusable over the long term; 3. Providing open tools, workflows and computational resources to drive reproducible and collaborative science. ELIXIR's strategy is based on the support given by our national nodes - collectively spanning over 200 institutes - to research projects and on partnering with community initiatives to drive development and adoption of good data practice and community driven standards. ELIXIR Nodes provide support activities locally and internationally, from provisioning compute capabilities to helping collect viral sequence data from hospitals. Some Nodes have prioritised access to their national cloud and compute facilities for all COVID-19 research projects, while others have developed tools to search, access and share all data related to the pandemic in a national healthcare setting."}, {"pmid": 32362357, "pmcid": "PMC7184008", "title": "Patients with MS treated with immunosuppressive agents: Across the COVID-19 spectrum.", "journal": "Rev Neurol (Paris)", "authors": ["Louapre, C", "Maillart, E", "Roux, T", "Pourcher, V", "Bussone, G", "Lubetzki, C", "Papeix, C"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362357", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505723, "title": "Radiotherapy for COVID-19: Primum non nocere.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Boon, Ian S", "Yong, Tracy P T Au", "Boon, Cheng S"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505723", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315667, "pmcid": "PMC7166010", "title": "Put a lid on it: Are faecal bio-aerosols a route of transmission for SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["McDermott, Carmen V", "Alicic, Radica Z", "Harden, Niels", "Cox, Emily J", "Scanlan, James M"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315667", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393823, "pmcid": "PMC7212510", "title": "BCG-induced trained immunity: can it offer protection against COVID-19?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["O'Neill, Luke A J", "Netea, Mihai G"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393823", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473173, "pmcid": "PMC7255318", "title": "What Counts as \"Good\" Clinical Communication in the Covid-19 Era and Beyond? Ditching Checklists for Juggling Communication Goals.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Scott, Allison M", "Van Scoy, Lauren Jodi"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473173", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526743, "title": "COVID-19-Related Stroke: Barking up the Wrong Tree?", "journal": "Eur Neurol", "authors": ["Morelli, Nicola", "Rota, Eugenia", "Terracciano, Chiara", "Immovilli, Paolo", "Spallazzi, Marco", "Colombi, Davide", "Zaino, Domenica", "Taga, Arens", "Michieletti, Emanuele", "Guidetti, Donata"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526743", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461981, "pmcid": "PMC7235687", "title": "Analysis of the Transmissibility Change of 2019-Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia and Its Potential Factors in China from 2019 to 2020.", "journal": "Biomed Res Int", "authors": ["Zhao, Yu", "Wang, Ruonan", "Li, Jiangping", "Zhang, Yuhong", "Yang, Huifang", "Zhao, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461981", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, a large-scale novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) outbreak swept China. As of Feb. 9, 2020, a total of 40,260 patients have been diagnosed with NCP, and 23,589 patients were suspected to have infected by the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), which puts forward a great challenge for public health and clinical treatment in China. Until now, we are in the high-incidence season of NCP. Thus, the analysis of the transmissibility change of NCP and its potential factors may provide a reliable reference for establishing effective prevention and control strategies. By means of the method of calculating the instantaneous basic reproduction number R0t proposed by Cori et al. (2013), we use R0t to describe the transmissibility change of COVID-19 in China, 2019-2020. In addition, the Baidu Index (BDI) and Baidu Migration Scale (BMS) were selected to measure the public awareness and the effect of Wuhan lockdown (restricted persons in Wuhan outflow from the epidemic area) strategy, respectively. The Granger causality test (GCT) was carried out to explore the association between public awareness, the effect of the Wuhan lockdown strategy, and the transmissibility of COVID-19. The estimated averaged basic reproduction number of NCP in China was 3.44 with 95% CI (2.87, 4.0) during Dec. 8, 2019, to Feb. 9, 2020. The instantaneous basic reproduction numbers (R0t ) have two waves and reaching peaks on Jan. 8 and Jan. 27, respectively. After reaching a peak on Jan. 27, R0t showed a continuous decline trend. On Feb. 9, R0t has fallen to 1.68 (95% CI: 1.66, 1.7), but it is still larger than 1. We find a significantly negative association between public awareness and the transmissibility change of COVID-19, with one unit increase in cumulative BDI leading to a decrease of 0.0295% (95% CI: 0.0077, 0.051) R0t . We also find a significantly negative association between the effect of the Wuhan lockdown strategy and the transmissibility change of COVID-19, and a one unit decrease in BMS may lead to a drop of 2.7% (95% CI: 0.382, 4.97) R0t . The current prevention and control measures have effectively reduced the transmissibility of COVID-19; however, R0t is still larger than the threshold 1. The results show that the government adopting the Wuhan lockdown strategy plays an important role in restricting the potential infected persons in Wuhan outflow from the epidemic area and avoiding a nationwide spread by quickly controlling the potential infection in Wuhan. Meanwhile, since Jan. 18, 2020, the people successively accessed COVID-19-related information via the Internet, which may help to effectively implement the government's prevention and control strategy and contribute to reducing the transmissibility of NCP. Therefore, ongoing travel restriction and public health awareness remain essential to provide a foundation for controlling the outbreak of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32355115, "pmcid": "PMC7224619", "title": "Trauma does not Quarantine: Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Hatchimonji, Justin S", "Swendiman, Robert A", "Seamon, Mark J", "Nance, Michael L"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355115", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463284, "title": "Stress and cognitive functioning during a pandemic: Thoughts from stress researchers.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Boals, Adriel", "Banks, Jonathan B"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463284", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this commentary we discuss a downstream consequence of increases in stress and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress and anxiety can lead to mind wandering, which in turn competes for limited cognitive resources. We encourage researchers to be understanding and patient concerning the inevitable cognitive impact of the pandemic and subsequent reduced productivity levels from our students, colleagues, and ourselves. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32496236, "title": "Community preparedness for COVID-19 and frontline health workers in Chhattisgarh.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Prabir Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496236", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of April 2020, there had already been three million cases of COVID-19 in the world pandemic. Chhattisgarh might expect 90,000 diagnosed cases of COVID-19 in the end. The first step taken in March was to ensure a simple checklist of activities that needed to continue. Handbills were given with the basic information on the symptoms and what to do in the community. In urban areas, the lockdown affected the poorer section of the society, especially who are not having BPL card and no other means of availing necessary eatables. Issues that arose affecting regular activities such as tuberculosis and immunization. Residents of informal settlements are also vulnerable during any COVID-19 responses. Frontline workers such as Mitanins in the community are an important asset in the capacity building and preparedness strategies."}, {"pmid": 32275181, "title": "Duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding during COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Qian, Guo-Qing", "Chen, Xue-Qin", "Lv, Ding-Feng", "Ma, Ada Hoi Yan", "Wang, Li-Ping", "Yang, Nai-Bin", "Chen, Xiao-Min"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275181", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463348, "title": "Experience with Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for QT Interval Monitoring.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Ramireddy, Archana", "Chugh, Harpriya", "Reinier, Kyndaron", "Ebinger, Joseph", "Park, Eunice", "Thompson, Michael", "Cingolani, Eugenio", "Cheng, Susan", "Marban, Eduardo", "Albert, Christine M", "Chugh, Sumeet S"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463348", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Despite a lack of clinical evidence, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin are being administered widely to patients with verified or suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Both drugs may increase risk of lethal arrhythmias associated with QT interval prolongation. Methods and Results We analyzed a case series of COVID-19-positive/suspected patients admitted between February 1, 2020, and April 4, 2020, who were treated with azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, or a combination of both drugs. We evaluated baseline and postmedication QT interval (corrected QT interval [QTc]; Bazett) using 12-lead ECGs. Critical QTc prolongation was defined as follows: (1) maximum QTc \u2265500\u00a0ms (if QRS <120\u00a0ms) or QTc \u2265550\u00a0ms (if QRS \u2265120\u00a0ms) and (2) QTc increase of \u226560\u00a0ms. Tisdale score and Elixhauser comorbidity index were calculated. Of 490 COVID-19-positive/suspected patients, 314 (64%) received either/both drugs and 98 (73 COVID-19 positive and 25 suspected) met study criteria (age, 62\u00b117\u00a0years; 61% men). Azithromycin was prescribed in 28%, hydroxychloroquine in 10%, and both in 62%. Baseline mean QTc was 448\u00b129\u00a0ms and increased to 459\u00b136\u00a0ms (P=0.005) with medications. Significant prolongation was observed only in men (18\u00b143\u00a0ms versus -0.2\u00b128\u00a0ms in women; P=0.02). A total of 12% of patients reached critical QTc prolongation. Changes in QTc were highest with the combination compared with either drug, with much greater prolongation with combination versus azithromycin (17\u00b139\u00a0ms versus 0.5\u00b140\u00a0ms; P=0.07). No patients manifested torsades de pointes. Conclusions Overall, 12% of patients manifested critical QTc prolongation, and the combination caused greater prolongation than either drug alone. The balance between uncertain benefit and potential risk when treating COVID-19 patients should be carefully assessed."}, {"pmid": 32202993, "title": "Public Mental Health Crisis during COVID-19 Pandemic, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dong, Lu", "Bouey, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202993", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease emerged in China in late 2019-early 2020 and spread rapidly. China has been implementing emergency psychological crisis interventions to reduce the negative psychosocial impact on public mental health, but challenges exist. Public mental health interventions should be formally integrated into public health preparedness and emergency response plans."}, {"pmid": 32415250, "title": "COVID-19 Research in Brief: 9 May to 15 May, 2020.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Carvalho, Thiago"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415250", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436581, "title": "Buying Time: Using OMM to Potentially Reduce the Demand for Mechanical Ventilation in Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Osteopath Assoc", "authors": ["Stenta, Michael Emerson"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436581", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) pandemic is causing an increased need for mechanical ventilation for a significant percentage of people who present to the hospital for treatment. This increase in demand could surpass the supply of ventilators and lead to an increase in mortality due to a lack of ventilator vacancies. There is significant evidence that osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) can alleviate pulmonary symptoms and aid in quicker recoveries from various respiratory ailments. OMM has the potential to play a significant role in helping reduce a patient's need for mechanical ventilation by delaying the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome stemming from SARS-Cov2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32242236, "pmcid": "PMC7184428", "title": "COVID-19 and smoking.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Berlin, Ivan", "Thomas, Daniel", "Le Faou, Anne-Laurence", "Cornuz, Jacques"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242236", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404789, "title": "Neonatal Early-Onset Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in a Newborn Presenting With Encephalitic Symptoms.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Lorenz, Norbert", "Treptow, Anna", "Schmidt, Stefan", "Hofmann, Rene", "Raumer-Engler, Mandy", "Heubner, Georg", "Grober, Konstantin"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404789", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276846, "pmcid": "PMC7141464", "title": "Challenges in paediatric inflammatory bowel diseases in the COVID-19 time.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Dipasquale, Valeria", "Cucchiara, Salvatore", "Martinelli, Massimo", "Miele, Erasmo", "Aloi, Marina", "Romano, Claudio"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276846", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301960, "title": "Masks and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Desai, Angel N", "Aronoff, David M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301960", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500939, "title": "Controversies Regarding Shielding and Susceptibility to COVID-19 Disease in Liver transplant Recipients in the United Kingdom.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hann, A", "Lembach, H", "McKay, S C", "Perrin, M", "Isaac, J", "Oo, Y H", "Mutimer, D", "Mirza, D F", "Hartog, H", "Perera, Mtpr"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500939", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "December 2019 saw the emergence of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which rapidly escalated to a global pandemic 1 , with an unprecedented impact on healthcare systems worldwide. The objective of this case series is to report on SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients and discuss the role of immunosuppression, comorbidities and shielding. In the UK, transplant recipients were classified as individuals vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to immunosuppression. They were advised in late March 2020 (Figure 1) by Public Health England to take additional social distancing precautions, a process referred to as 'shielding' 2 . This is a more rigorous form of isolation that requires the individual to not leave their place of residence or come into contact with others. In essence, completely isolate to minimise the risk of being exposed to SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32383008, "pmcid": "PMC7203700", "title": "The Role of Pharmacovigilance and ISoP During the Global COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Drug Saf", "authors": ["Chandler, Rebecca E", "McCarthy, Deirdre", "Delumeau, Jean-Christophe", "Harrison-Woolrych, Mira"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383008", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407052, "title": "Experience of a second-level Rheumatology Clinic during the Covid-19 quarantine.", "journal": "Minerva Med", "authors": ["Colaci, Michele", "Aprile, Maria L", "Sambataro, Domenico", "Sambataro, Gianluca", "Malatino, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407052", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32244779, "pmcid": "PMC7230814", "title": "Master Regulator Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2/Human Interactome.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Guzzi, Pietro H", "Mercatelli, Daniele", "Ceraolo, Carmine", "Giorgi, Federico M"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244779", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent epidemic outbreak of a novel human coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 causing the respiratory tract disease COVID-19 has reached worldwide resonance and a global effort is being undertaken to characterize the molecular features and evolutionary origins of this virus. In this paper, we set out to shed light on the SARS-CoV-2/host receptor recognition, a crucial factor for successful virus infection. Based on the current knowledge of the interactome between SARS-CoV-2 and host cell proteins, we performed Master Regulator Analysis to detect which parts of the human interactome are most affected by the infection. We detected, amongst others, affected apoptotic and mitochondrial mechanisms, and a downregulation of the ACE2 protein receptor, notions that can be used to develop specific therapies against this new virus."}, {"pmid": 32241884, "title": "Covid-19: four fifths of cases are asymptomatic, China figures indicate.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241884", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475396, "pmcid": "PMC7255101", "title": "[COVID-19 and cancers. Summary of French guidelines from medical societies and their evolution].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Rodrigues, Manuel"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475396", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32208493, "title": "Recommendations for the admission of patients with COVID-19 to intensive care and intermediate care units (ICUs and IMCUs).", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Swiss Society Of Intensive Care Medicine"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208493", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369280, "pmcid": "PMC7217555", "title": "Lupus Anticoagulant and Abnormal Coagulation Tests in Patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Bowles, Louise", "Platton, Sean", "Yartey, Nada", "Dave, Minal", "Lee, Kurtis", "Hart, Daniel P", "MacDonald, Vickie", "Green, Laura", "Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh", "Pasi, K John", "MacCallum, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369280", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269357, "title": "COVID-19 in humanitarian settings and lessons learned from past epidemics.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Lau, Ling San", "Samari, Goleen", "Moresky, Rachel T", "Casey, Sara E", "Kachur, S Patrick", "Roberts, Leslie F", "Zard, Monette"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269357", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330351, "pmcid": "PMC7264498", "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on liver transplantation programs in Northern Italy.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Umberto, Maggi", "Luciano, De Carlis", "Daniel, Yiu", "Michele, Colledan", "Enrico, Regalia", "Giorgio, Rossi", "Marco, Angrisani", "Dario, Consonni", "Gianluca, Fornoni", "Giuseppe, Piccolo", "Maria, DeFeo T"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330351", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in a global pandemic, creating uncertainty toward the management of liver transplantation (LT) programs. Lombardy has been the most affected region in Italy: the current mortality rate of COVID-19 patients is 18.3% (10\u00a0022 deaths; April 10th) with hospitals in Lombardy having to expand the total number of ICU beds from 724 to 1381 to accommodate infected patients. There has been a drastic decrease in liver donors. From February 23rd until April 10th, 17 LTs were performed in Lombardy. Mean donor age was 49\u00a0years (range 18-74) whereas mean recipient age was 55 (13-69); mean MELD score was 12 (6-24). All donors underwent screening for SARS-CoV-2 prior to LT. Two patients tested positive after LT, and one patient died for COVID on POD 30. Sixteen\u00a0patients are alive after an average of 30\u00a0days post-LT (range 3-46). 10 patients have been discharged. This study has found no specific reason concerning the safety of recipients, to stop LT programs. Several key lessons from our experience are reported. However, due to the complex circumstances which surround the viral outbreak, the cessation or a reduction in LT activity is a pragmatic requirement."}, {"pmid": 32284613, "pmcid": "PMC7095102", "title": "Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Xu, Yi", "Li, Xufang", "Zhu, Bing", "Liang, Huiying", "Fang, Chunxiao", "Gong, Yu", "Guo, Qiaozhi", "Sun, Xin", "Zhao, Danyang", "Shen, Jun", "Zhang, Huayan", "Liu, Hongsheng", "Xia, Huimin", "Tang, Jinling", "Zhang, Kang", "Gong, Sitang"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284613", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report epidemiological and clinical investigations on ten pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection cases confirmed by real-time reverse transcription PCR assay of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Symptoms in these cases were nonspecific and no children required respiratory support or intensive care. Chest X-rays lacked definite signs of pneumonia, a defining feature of the infection in adult cases. Notably, eight children persistently tested positive on rectal swabs even after nasopharyngeal testing was negative, raising the possibility of fecal-oral transmission."}, {"pmid": 32439716, "title": "ESMO Management and treatment adapted recommendations in the COVID-19 era: Breast Cancer.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["de Azambuja, Evandro", "Trapani, Dario", "Loibl, Sibylle", "Delaloge, Suzette", "Senkus, Elzbieta", "Criscitiello, Carmen", "Poortman, Philip", "Gnant, Michael", "Di Cosimo, Serena", "Cortes, Javier", "Cardoso, Fatima", "Paluch-Shimon, Shani", "Curigliano, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439716", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global preparedness and response to the rapid escalation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2-related disease (COVID-19) to a pandemic proportion has demanded the formulation of a reliable, useful and evidence-based mechanism for health services prioritisation, to achieve the highest quality standards of care to all patients. The prioritisation of high value cancer interventions must be embedded in the agenda for the pandemic response, ensuring that no inconsistency or discrepancy emerge in the health planning processes.The aim of this work is to organise health interventions for breast cancer management and research in a tiered framework (high, medium, low value), formulating a scheme of prioritisation per clinical cogency and intrinsic value or magnitude of benefit. The public health tools and schemes for priority setting in oncology have been used as models, aspiring to capture clinical urgency, value in healthcare, community goals and fairness, while respecting the principles of benevolence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice.We discuss the priority health interventions across the cancer continuum, giving a perspective on the role and meaning to maintain some services (undeferrable) while temporarily abrogate some others (deferrable). Considerations for implementation and the essential link to pre-existing health services, especially primary healthcare, are addressed, outlining a framework for the development of effective and functional services, such as telemedicine.The discussion covers the theme of health systems strategising, and why oncology care, in particular breast cancer care, should be maintained in parallel to pandemic control measures, providing a pragmatic clinical model within the broader context of public healthcare schemes."}, {"pmid": 32342928, "title": "Upper respiratory tract sampling in COVID-19.", "journal": "Malays J Pathol", "authors": ["Mawaddah, A", "Gendeh, H S", "Lum, S G", "Marina, M B"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342928", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To review the present literature on upper respiratory tract sampling in COVID-19 and provide recommendations to improve healthcare practices and directions in future studies. Twelve relevant manuscripts were sourced from a total of 7288 search results obtained using PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. The search keywords used were COVID-19, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, swabs, SARS and CoV2. Original manuscripts were obtained and analysed by all authors. The review included manuscripts which have not undergone rigorous peer-review process in view of the magnitude of the topic discussed. The viral load of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the upper respiratory tract was significantly higher during the first week and peaked at 4-6 days after onset of symptoms, during which it can be potentially sampled. Nasopharyngeal swab has demonstrated higher viral load than oropharyngeal swab, where the difference in paired samples is best seen at 0-9 days after the onset of illness. Sensitivity of nasopharyngeal swab was higher than oropharyngeal swabs in COVID-19 patients. Patient self-collected throat washing has been shown to contain higher viral load than nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab, with significantly higher sensitivity when compared with paired nasopharyngeal swab. Routine nasopharyngeal swab of suspected COVID-19 infection should take anatomy of the nasal cavity into consideration to increase patient comfort and diagnostic yield. Routine oropharyngeal swab should be replaced by throat washing which has demonstrated better diagnostic accuracy, and it is safe towards others."}, {"pmid": 32394986, "pmcid": "PMC7211595", "title": "[Medicine, epidemiology and humanism before and after COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Soriano, J B"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394986", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid propagation of SARS-CoV-2 requires the generation of evidence to help mitigate its global damage. The precise measurement with the appropriate clinical and epidemiological indicators associated with COVID-19 is a necessary step in reducing the individual and population burden of the current pandemic. These unprecedented times have raised a challenge for epidemiologists of chronic diseases and have required a practical approach \"to do something to help during this disaster\". The options include returning to clinical care or resorting to online textbooks and resources for accelerated courses on the research of outbreaks. However, being aware of the magnitude of individual suffering endured by so many, including many esteemed and close colleagues, becomes a personal challenge of enormous proportions. The arts and other forms of humanities can help re-establish equilibrium, both during the pandemic and especially after it."}, {"pmid": 32505623, "title": "Masks and medical care: Two keys to Taiwan's success in preventing COVID-19 spread.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yi-Fong Su, Vincent", "Yen, Yung-Feng", "Yang, Kuang-Yao", "Su, Wei-Juin", "Chou, Kun-Ta", "Chen, Yuh-Min", "Perng, Diahn-Warng"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505623", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405152, "pmcid": "PMC7218376", "title": "Precautions and recommendations for orthodontic settings during the COVID-19 outbreak: A review.", "journal": "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop", "authors": ["Turkistani, Khadijah A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405152", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is contagious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It emerged as a global pandemic early in 2020, affecting more than 2000 countries and territories. The infection is highly contagious with disease transmission reported from asymptomatic carriers, including children. It spreads through person-to-person contact, via aerosol and droplets. The practice of social distancing - maintaining a distance of 1 - 2 meters or 6 feet -- between people has been widely recommended to slow or halt the spread. This places orthodontists at high risk of acquiring and transmitting the infection. The objective of this review is to report to orthodontists on the emergence, epidemiology, risks, and precautions during disease crisis. This should help increase awareness, reinforce infection control and prevent cross-transmission within the orthodontic facility. A comprehensive literature review of English and non-English articles was performed in March, 2020 using (CORD-19 2020) dataset, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar to search for infection control and disease transmission in orthodontics. This review emphasizes minimizing aerosol production and reinforcing strict infection control measures. Compliance with highest level of personal protection and restriction of treatment to emergency cases is recommended during the outbreak. Surface disinfection, adequate ventilation, and decontamination of instruments and supplies following the guidelines is required. Reinforcing strict infection control measures and minimizing personal contact and aerosol production are keys to prevent contamination within the orthodontic settings. Although no cases of COVID-19 cross-transmission within a dental facility have been reported, the risk exists and the disease is still emerging. Further studies are required."}, {"pmid": 32105638, "pmcid": "PMC7128099", "title": "Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pan, Yang", "Zhang, Daitao", "Yang, Peng", "Poon, Leo L M", "Wang, Quanyi"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105638", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32351285, "pmcid": "PMC7188486", "title": "The Need for Prioritizing Cancer Surgeries Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Krishnamurthy, Arvind", "Gopinath, Kodaganur S"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351285", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428080, "title": "Vulnerability to severe forms of COVID-19: an intra-municipal analysis in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Santos, Jefferson Pereira Caldas Dos", "Siqueira, Alexandre San Pedro", "Praca, Heitor Levy Ferreira", "Albuquerque, Hermano Gomes"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428080", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic and the limited tools for orienting interventions in surveillance, control, and clinical care, the current article aims to identify areas with greater vulnerability to severe cases of the disease in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, a city characterized by huge social and spatial heterogeneity. In order to identify these areas, the authors prepared an index of vulnerability to severe cases of COVID-19 based on the construction, weighting, and integration of three levels of information: mean number of residents per household and density of persons 60 years or older (both per census tract) and neighborhood tuberculosis incidence rate in the year 2018. The data on residents per household and density of persons 60 years or older were obtained from the 2010 Population Census, and data on tuberculosis incidence were taken from the Brazilian Information System for Notificable Diseases (SINAN). Weighting of the indicators comprising the index used analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the levels of information were integrated via weighted linear combination with map algebra. Spatialization of the index of vulnerability to severe COVID-19 in the city of Rio de Janeiro reveals the existence of more vulnerable areas in different parts of the city's territory, reflecting its urban complexity. The areas with greatest vulnerability are located in the North and West Zones of the city and in poor neighborhoods nested within upper-income parts of the South and West Zones. Understanding these conditions of vulnerability can facilitate the development of strategies to monitor the evolution of COVID-19 and orient measures for prevention and health promotion."}, {"pmid": 32276755, "pmcid": "PMC7141462", "title": "Infection Control against COVID-19 in Departments of Radiology.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Yu, Juan", "Ding, Ning", "Chen, Huan", "Liu, Xia-Jing", "He, Wen-Jie", "Dai, Wei-Cai", "Zhou, Zhao-Guang", "Lin, Fan", "Pu, Zu-Hui", "Li, Ding-Fu", "Xu, Hua-Jian", "Wang, Yu-Li", "Zhang, Han-Wen", "Lei, Yi"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic, which is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has spread rapidly to become a world-wide pandemic. Chest radiography and chest CT are frequently used to support the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. However, multiple cases of COVID-19 transmission in radiology department have been reported. Here we summarize the lessons we learned and provide suggestions to improve the infection control and prevention practices of healthcare workers in departments of radiology."}, {"pmid": 32353116, "pmcid": "PMC7197603", "title": "Modeling SARS-CoV-2 positivity using laboratory data: timing is everything.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Larson, Thor", "Culbreath, Karissa", "Chavez, Dennis", "Larson, Richard", "Crossey, Michael", "Grenache, David G"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353116", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330899, "pmcid": "PMC7179964", "title": "Editorial. Impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgery resident research training.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Clark, Victoria E"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330899", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426209, "pmcid": "PMC7228888", "title": "Are Type 1 Interferons treatment in Multiple Sclerosis as a potential therapy against COVID-19?", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Gemcioglu, Emin", "Davutoglu, Mehmet", "Ozdemir, Ese Ece", "Erden, Abdulsamet"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32235575, "pmcid": "PMC7177691", "title": "The First 75 Days of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: Recent Advances, Prevention, and Treatment.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Yan, Yuxin", "Shin, Woo In", "Pang, Yoong Xin", "Meng, Yang", "Lai, Jianchen", "You, Chong", "Zhao, Haitao", "Lester, Edward", "Wu, Tao", "Pang, Cheng Heng"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235575", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV) outbreak has engulfed an unprepared world amidst a festive season. The zoonotic SARS-CoV-2, believed to have originated from infected bats, is the seventh member of enveloped RNA coronavirus. Specifically, the overall genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 is 96.2% identical to that of bat coronavirus termed BatCoV RaTG13. Although the current mortality rate of 2% is significantly lower than that of SARS (9.6%) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (35%), SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and transmissible from human to human with an incubation period of up to 24 days. Some statistical studies have shown that, on average, one infected patient may lead to a subsequent 5.7 confirmed cases. Since the first reported case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 on December 1, 2019, in Wuhan, China, there has been a total of 60,412 confirmed cases with 1370 fatalities reported in 25 different countries as of February 13, 2020. The outbreak has led to severe impacts on social health and the economy at various levels. This paper is a review of the significant, continuous global effort that was made to respond to the outbreak in the first 75 days. Although no vaccines have been discovered yet, a series of containment measures have been implemented by various governments, especially in China, in the effort to prevent further outbreak, whilst various medical treatment approaches have been used to successfully treat infected patients. On the basis of current studies, it would appear that the combined antiviral treatment has shown the highest success rate. This review aims to critically summarize the most recent advances in understanding the coronavirus, as well as the strategies in prevention and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32218151, "pmcid": "PMC7232164", "title": "Structural Genomics of SARS-CoV-2 Indicates Evolutionary Conserved Functional Regions of Viral Proteins.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Srinivasan, Suhas", "Cui, Hongzhu", "Gao, Ziyang", "Liu, Ming", "Lu, Senbao", "Mkandawire, Winnie", "Narykov, Oleksandr", "Sun, Mo", "Korkin, Dmitry"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218151", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During its first two and a half months, the recently emerged 2019 novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has already infected over one-hundred thousand people worldwide and has taken more than four thousand lives. However, the swiftly spreading virus also caused an unprecedentedly rapid response from the research community facing the unknown health challenge of potentially enormous proportions. Unfortunately, the experimental research to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the viral infection and to design a vaccine or antivirals is costly and takes months to develop. To expedite the advancement of our knowledge, we leveraged data about the related coronaviruses that is readily available in public databases and integrated these data into a single computational pipeline. As a result, we provide comprehensive structural genomics and interactomics roadmaps of SARS-CoV-2 and use this information to infer the possible functional differences and similarities with the related SARS coronavirus. All data are made publicly available to the research community."}, {"pmid": 32324100, "pmcid": "PMC7233392", "title": "Imaging Publications in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Applying New Research Results to Clinical Practice.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Eng, John", "Bluemke, David A"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324100", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358230, "pmcid": "PMC7217131", "title": "PLASTIC SURGERY AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A REVIEW OF CLINICAL GUIDELINES.", "journal": "Ann Plast Surg", "authors": ["Ozturk, Cemile Nurdan", "Kuruoglu, Doga", "Ozturk, Can", "Rampazzo, Antonio", "Gurunian Gurunluoglu, Raffi"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358230", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019 in China and was soon declared a pandemic by World Health Organization. Many elective and non-essential surgeries were postponed worldwide in an effort to minimize spread of disease as well as to conserve resources. Our goal with this article is to review current practice guidelines in setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on available data and literature. Websites pertaining to surgical and medical societies, and government agencies were reviewed, along with recently published literature to identify recommendations related to COVID-19 and plastic surgery procedures. Clinical practice modifications are recommended during the pandemic, in outpatient and perioperative settings. Use of personal protective equipment is critical for aerosol generating procedures such as surgery in the head and neck area. Care for trauma and malignancy should continue during the pandemic, however definitive reconstruction could be delayed for select cases. Specific recommendations were made for surgical treatment of cancer, trauma and semi-urgent reconstructive procedures based on available data and literature. The risk and benefit of each reconstructive procedure should be carefully analyzed in relation to necessary patient care, minimized COVID-19 spread, protection of health care personnel and utilization of resources. Recommendations in this manuscript should be taken in the context of each institute's resources and prevalance of COVID-19 in the region. It should be emphasized that the guidelines provided are a snapshot of current practices and are subject to change as the pandemic continues to evolve."}, {"pmid": 32217658, "pmcid": "PMC7098484", "title": "Strategies for the prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Guan, Wei-Jie", "Chen, Rong-Chang", "Zhong, Nan-Shan"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217658", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527844, "title": "Neurovascular Complications in COVID-19 Infection: Case Series.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Franceschi, A M", "Arora, R", "Wilson, R", "Giliberto, L", "Libman, R B", "Castillo, M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527844", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a series of 10 hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus 2019 infections who developed severe neurovascular complications and discuss the possible reasons for these findings and their relationship to the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32301984, "pmcid": "PMC7184374", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak and its impact on hospitals in Italy: the model of cardiac surgery.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiothorac Surg", "authors": ["Bonalumi, Giorgia", "di Mauro, Michele", "Garatti, Andrea", "Barili, Fabio", "Gerosa, Gino", "Parolari, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301984", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289168, "pmcid": "PMC7184389", "title": "Cardiac drugs and outcome in COVID - 19.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Mishra, Ajay Kumar", "Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Sargent, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289168", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219845, "pmcid": "PMC7228225", "title": "Responding to Covid-19: How to Navigate a Public Health Emergency Legally and Ethically.", "journal": "Hastings Cent Rep", "authors": ["Gostin, Lawrence O", "Friedman, Eric A", "Wetter, Sarah A"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219845", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few novel or emerging infectious diseases have posed such vital ethical challenges so quickly and dramatically as the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international concern and recently classified Covid-19 as a worldwide pandemic. As of this writing, the epidemic has not yet peaked in the United States, but community transmission is widespread. President Trump declared a national emergency as fifty governors declared state emergencies. In the coming weeks, hospitals will become overrun, stretched to their capacities. When the health system becomes stretched beyond capacity, how can we ethically allocate scarce health goods and services? How can we ensure that marginalized populations can access the care they need? What ethical duties do we owe to vulnerable people separated from their families and communities? And how do we ethically and legally balance public health with civil liberties?"}, {"pmid": 32483649, "pmcid": "PMC7263179", "title": "Public health saves lives: sad lessons from COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Public Health", "authors": ["Potvin, Louise"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483649", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449791, "title": "Neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life in Spanish Alzheimer's disease patients during COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Beatriz Lara, B", "Carnes, Anna", "Dakterzada, Farida", "Benitez, Ivan", "Pinol-Ripoll, Gerard"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449791", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID epidemic is affecting individuals worldwide, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnesic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients are at risk due to their characteristics and age. We analysed the impact of the pandemic on these patients' neuropsychiatric symptoms and their quality of life after five weeks of lockdown in Spain. We tested 40 subjects with a diagnosis of MCI (20) or mild AD (20) from the Cognitive Stimulation Program of Cognitive Disorders Unit. All patients had undergone a previous evaluation during the month before the lockdown, and they were re-evaluated after 5 weeks of lockdown. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and EuroQol-5D were used to evaluate the neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life of patients and caregivers. The total baseline NPI score was 33.75 (22.28) vs 39.05 (27.96) after confinement (p=0.028). The most frequent neuropsychiatric symptoms affected were apathy (4.15 (3.78) vs 5.75 (4.02); p=0.002) and anxiety (3.95 (3.73) vs 5.30 (4.01); p=0.006) in MCI patients and apathy (2.35 (2.70) vs 3.75 (3.78); p=0.036), agitation (0.45 (1.14) vs 1.50 (2.66); p=0.029) and aberrant motor behaviour (1.25 (2.86) vs 2.00 (2.93); p=0.044) in AD patients. We did not observe differences in EuroQol-5D scores during the reevaluation. Approximately 30% of patients and 40% of caregivers reported a worsening of their health status during confinement. We have demonstrated the worsening of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with AD and MCI during 5 weeks of lockdown, with agitation, apathy and aberrant motor activity being the most affected symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32489162, "title": "Comprehensive investigation of an in-hospital transmission cluster of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive physician among patients and healthcare workers in Germany.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wendt, Ralph", "Nagel, Stephan", "Nickel, Olaf", "Wolf, Johannes", "Kalbitz, Sven", "Kaiser, Thorsten", "Borte, Stephan", "Lubbert, Christoph"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489162", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406406, "pmcid": "PMC7218384", "title": "Disposable masks: Disinfection and sterilization for reuse, and non-certified manufacturing, in the face of shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Saf Sci", "authors": ["Carlos Rubio-Romero, Juan", "Del Carmen Pardo-Ferreira, Maria", "Antonio Torrecilla Garcia, Juan", "Calero-Castro, Santiago"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406406", "countries": ["China", "Czechia", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is posing a huge global health threat. To deal with this problem, in addition to research and work in the medical field, the main health measures being taken in the workplace and at home involve the establishment of safety protocols, which include distance measures, hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment, such as masks, etc. The WHO still does not recommend the use of masks for the general population. However, their successful use in China, South Korea and the Czech Republic has encouraged their widespread use, and the shortage that already existed. This has caused that companies and individuals are looking at the best way to reuse them, and to manufacture, homemade or not, of non-certified masks. This paper is based on two objectives: to consult the scientific literature to identify the main strategies for disinfecting them, and to determine the effectiveness of non-certified disposable masks. A rapid review has been conducted in which the main publications and other information available online have been analyzed. Results showed that the most promising methods are those that use hydrogen peroxide vapor, ultraviolet radiation, moist heat, dry heat and ozone gas. Soapy water, alcohol, bleach immersion, ethylene oxide, ionizing radiation, microwave, high temperature, autoclave or steam are not fully recommended. Regarding the effectiveness of surgical masks compared to PPE, the former have been seen to be slightly less effective than PPE. As for other types of masks the effectiveness of homemade or non-certified masks is very low."}, {"pmid": 32269938, "pmcid": "PMC7136733", "title": "A call for caution in extrapolating chest CT sensitivity for COVID-19 derived from hospital data to patients among general population.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Wang, Yi Xiang J"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269938", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32025779, "pmcid": "PMC7042184", "title": "Novel coronavirus infection during the 2019-2020 epidemic: preparing intensive care units-the experience in Sichuan Province, China.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Liao, Xuelian", "Wang, Bo", "Kang, Yan"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32025779", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406056, "title": "CORRIGENDUM to \"Expert consensus for managing pregnant women and neonates born to mothers with suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection\" [Int J Gynecol Obstet 149(2020) 130-136].", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406056", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298464, "title": "Whole body point-care ultrasound for COVID-19: a multi-system approach to a multi-system disease.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Sikachi, R", "Agrawal, A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298464", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239525, "pmcid": "PMC7228292", "title": "Radiologic chest CT findings from COVID-19 in Orleans Parish, Louisiana.", "journal": "Echocardiography", "authors": ["Danrad, Raman", "Smith, David L", "Kerut, Edmund K"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239525", "countries": ["United States", "France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Orleans Parish in Louisiana is in the midst of an exponentially increasing number of patient admissions with COVID-19 and respiratory symptoms. Patients have been described having CT findings most consistent with an early-stage (<7\u00a0days from symptoms onset) or an advanced stage (8-14\u00a0days from symptoms onset). We describe and illustrate those early and advanced stage CT findings from patients with documented COVID-19 who have been admitted to University Medical Center in New Orleans, Louisiana."}, {"pmid": 32423497, "title": "COVID-19: Pandemic Risk, Resilience and Possibilities for Aging Research.", "journal": "Can J Aging", "authors": ["Wister, Andrew", "Speechley, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423497", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514432, "pmcid": "PMC7273707", "title": "COVID-19 and its effects on the digestive system and endoscopy practice.", "journal": "JGH Open", "authors": ["Aguila, Enrik John T", "Cua, Ian Homer Y", "Dumagpi, Joseph Erwin L", "Francisco, Carlos Paolo D", "Raymundo, Nikko Theodore V", "Sy-Janairo, Marianne Linley L", "Cabral-Prodigalidad, Patricia Anne I", "Lontok, Marie Antoinette Dc"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has been classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Several studies have demonstrated that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is also a potential route. As the pandemic is continuously evolving, and more data are made available, this article highlights the best evidence and practices regarding the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus relevant to GI practice. Published clinical studies have supported that SARS-CoV-2 affects the GI tract and the liver. The largest published dataset comprised of 4243 patients and showed a pooled prevalence of GI symptoms at 17.6%. GI symptoms varied and usually preceded pulmonary symptoms by 1-2\u2009days. These include anorexia (26.8%), nausea and vomiting (10.2%), diarrhea (12.5%), and abdominal pain (9.2%). Incidence of liver injury ranges from 15 to 53%. Evidence shows that the severity of COVID-19 infection is compounded by its effects on nutrition, most especially for the critically ill. As such, nutrition societies have recommended optimization of oral diets and oral nutritional supplements followed by early enteral nutrition if nutritional targets are not met, and parenteral nutrition in the distal end of the spectrum. In addition to possible fecal-oral transmission, GI endoscopy procedures, which are considered to be aerosol-generating procedures, contribute to increased risk to GI health-care professionals. Infection prevention measures and guidelines are essential in protecting both patients and personnel."}, {"pmid": 32461867, "pmcid": "PMC7243841", "title": "COVID-19 Implications on Clinical Clerkships and the Residency Application Process for Medical Students.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Akers, Allison", "Blough, Christian", "Iyer, Maya S"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461867", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant disruption to undergraduate medical education (UME). Although the immediate scheduling challenges are being addressed, there has been less discourse regarding how this pandemic will impact medical students in their preparation for and application to residency programs.\u00a0While some historical disasters and pandemics provide a loose precedent for UME response during COVID-19, the impact of the current pandemic has surpassed any other events.\u00a0COVID-19 will likely impact UME in the suspension of clinical rotations, alterations in grading, suspension or elimination of away rotations, changes in medical licensing exams, and ramifications on mental health.\u00a0This review assesses governing medical bodies' recommendations regarding UME during the COVID-19 pandemic and how this may impact preparation for residency.\u00a0In particular, residency programs will likely have to create new guidelines for assessing applicants during this unique cycle."}, {"pmid": 32449297, "pmcid": "PMC7267088", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Virulence: Interplay of Floating Virus-Laden Particles, Climate, and Humans.", "journal": "Adv Biosyst", "authors": ["Hosseini, Vahid"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449297", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the emergence of COVID-19, it is important to address the possible scenarios of SARS-CoV-2 virulence. Although several researchers have addressed the possible mechanisms of enveloped virus transfection, for example, influenza, here, the relationship between exhaled virus laden-particles, the climate, and transfection probability is discussed by interpreting the findings of prior studies. Importantly, the higher probability of viral transfection in cold and dry public spaces such as near cold shelves of groceries is illustrated. Thus, additional protective measures in such spaces are recommended."}, {"pmid": 32328698, "pmcid": "PMC7179794", "title": "Being a foot and ankle surgeon in Italy in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc", "authors": ["Usuelli, Federico Giuseppe", "D'Ambrosi, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328698", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404728, "title": "THE COVID-19 Pandemic: Overview and Integrative Health Approaches.", "journal": "Holist Nurs Pract", "authors": ["Ross, Stephanie Maxine"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404728", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313110, "pmcid": "PMC7186932", "title": "The need for urogenital tract monitoring in COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Urol", "authors": ["Wang, Shangqian", "Zhou, Xiang", "Zhang, Tongtong", "Wang, Zengjun"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313110", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448491, "pmcid": "PMC7151523", "title": "A Reusable Mask for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Phan, Thien Luan", "Ching, Congo Tak-Shing"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448491", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Novel Coronavirus is causing an intensely feared globally. World Health Organization has even declared that it is a global health emergency. The simplest method to limit the spread of this new virus and for people to protect themselves as well as the others is to wear a mask in crowded places. The sudden increase demand on face mask has caused manufacturers the inability to not provide enough products in a short time and the situation properly will stay the same for a period of time. In this article, we aim to give an idea on how to save the number of face masks used but still provides the same protective values using a Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) mask and a common surgical facemask."}, {"pmid": 32399094, "pmcid": "PMC7212226", "title": "Statins and the COVID-19 main protease: in silico evidence on direct interaction.", "journal": "Arch Med Sci", "authors": ["Reiner, Zeljko", "Hatamipour, Mahdi", "Banach, Maciej", "Pirro, Matteo", "Al-Rasadi, Khalid", "Jamialahmadi, Tannaz", "Radenkovic, Dina", "Montecucco, Fabrizio", "Sahebkar, Amirhossein"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399094", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No proven drug and no immunisation are yet available for COVID-19 disease. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), a key coronavirus enzyme, which is a potential drug target, has been successfully crystallised. There is evidence suggesting that statins exert anti-viral activity and may block the infectivity of enveloped viruses. The aim of this study was to assess whether statins are potential COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors, using a molecular docking study. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock/Vina, a computational docking program. SARS-CoV-2 Mpro was docked with all statins, while antiviral and antiretroviral drugs - favipiravir, nelfinavir, and lopinavir - were used as standards for comparison. The binding energies obtained from the docking of 6LU7 with native ligand favipiravir, nelfinavir, lopinavir, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, pitavastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin, and atorvastatin were -6.8, -5.8, -7.9, -7.9, -7.0, -7.7, -6.6, -8.2, -7.4, -7.7, and -6.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The number of hydrogen bonds between statins and amino acid residues of Mpro were 7, 4, and 3 for rosuvastatin, pravastatin, and atorvastatin, respectively, while other statins had two hydrogen bonds. These results indicate, based upon the binding energy of pitavastatin, rosuvastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin, that statins could be efficient SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors. This is supported by the fact that the effects of some statins, especially pitavastatin, have a binding energy that is even greater than that of protease or polymerase inhibitors. However, further research is necessary to investigate their potential use as drugs for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32423292, "pmcid": "PMC7240314", "title": "Management of the Clinical and Academic Mission in an Urban Otolaryngology Department During the COVID-19 Global Crisis.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Batra, Pete S", "LoSavio, Phillip S", "Michaelides, Elias", "Revenaugh, Peter C", "Tajudeen, Bobby A", "Al-Khudari, Samer", "Husain, Inna", "Papagiannopoulos, Peter", "Smith, Ryan", "Stenson, Kerstin M", "Wiet, R Mark"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423292", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objective of this study was to assess the strategic changes implemented in the departmental mission to continue safe delivery of otolaryngology care and to support the broader institutional mission during the COVID-19 pandemic response. Retrospective assessment was performed to the response and management strategy developed to transform the clinical and academic enterprise. Large urban tertiary care referral center. The departmental structure was reorganized along new clinical teams to effectively meet the system directives for provision of otolaryngology care and support for inpatient cases of COVID-19. A surge deployment schedule was developed to assist frontline colleagues with clinical support as needed. Outpatient otolaryngology was consolidated across the system with conversion of the majority of visits to telehealth. Operative procedures were prioritized to ensure throughput for emergent and time-critical urgent procedures. A tracheostomy protocol was developed to guide management of emergent and elective airways. Educational and research efforts were redirected to focus on otolaryngology care in the clinical context of the COVID-19 crisis. Emergence of the COVID-19 global health crisis has challenged delivery of otolaryngology care in an unparalleled manner. The concerns for preserving health of the workforce while ethically addressing patient career needs in a timely manner has created significant dilemmas. A proactive, thoughtful approach that reorganizes the overall departmental effort through provider and staff engagement can facilitate the ability to meet the needs of otolaryngology patients and to support the greater institutional mission to combat the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32355260, "pmcid": "PMC7192909", "title": "Genetic diversity and ecology of coronaviruses hosted by cave-dwelling bats in Gabon.", "journal": "Sci Rep", "authors": ["Maganga, Gael Darren", "Pinto, Anais", "Mombo, Illich Manfred", "Madjitobaye, Mankomra", "Mbeang Beyeme, Antoine Mitte", "Boundenga, Larson", "Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg", "N'Dilimabaka, Nadine", "Drexler, Jan Felix", "Drosten, Christian", "Leroy, Eric Maurice"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355260", "countries": ["Gabon"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little research on coronaviruses has been conducted on wild animals in Africa. Here, we screened a wide range of wild animals collected in six provinces and five caves of Gabon between 2009 and 2015. We collected a total of 1867 animal samples (cave-dwelling bats, rodents, non-human primates and other wild animals). We explored the diversity of CoVs and determined the factors driving the infection of CoVs in wild animals. Based on a nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, only bats, belonging to the Hipposideros gigas (4/156), Hipposideros cf. ruber (13/262) and Miniopterus inflatus (1/249) species, were found infected with CoVs. We identified alphacoronaviruses in H. gigas and H. cf. ruber and betacoronaviruses in H. gigas. All Alphacoronavirus sequences grouped with Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E). Ecological analyses revealed that CoV infection was significantly found in July and October in H. gigas and in October and November in H. cf ruber. The prevalence in the Faucon cave was significantly higher. Our findings suggest that insectivorous bats harbor potentially zoonotic CoVs; highlight a probable seasonality of the infection in cave-dwelling bats from the North-East of Gabon and pointed to an association between the disturbance of the bats' habitat by human activities and CoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32190890, "pmcid": "PMC7184496", "title": "Safety Considerations in the Laboratory Testing of Specimens Suspected or Known to Contain the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Iwen, Peter C", "Stiles, Karen L", "Pentella, Michael A"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32190890", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523145, "title": "COVID-19 and the renin, angiotensin, aldosterone system. A complex relationship.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Alcocer-Diaz-Barreiro, Luis", "Cossio-Aranda, Jorge", "Verdejo-Paris, Juan", "Odin-de-Los-Rios, Manuel", "Galvan-Oseguera, Hector", "Alvarez-Lopez, Humberto", "Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523145", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had major negative health, psychological, social and economic repercussions for individuals, families, communities, countries and for humanity in general. The interrelation with age and the presence of chronic non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking) seems to go further than what would be explained by the prevalence and distribution of both. The drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are in many cases the backbone for the management of these diseases, it has been known for a long time that these drugs significantly increase the expression of receptors for angiotensin conversion enzyme type 2 in the lung tissue. This fact, together with the knowledge that the route of entry of the virus into the cell is precisely the ACE-2 receptor, initiated a hypothesis, based on very low-quality evidence, which quickly became generalized in the media, that the use of these drugs could be negative and that they should be interrupted immediately. The response of practically all Scientific Societies was almost immediate, with the precise indication that treatment with these drugs should not be discontinued, since the evidence of their usefulness is based on very solid and high-quality evidence. Simultaneously, a different hypothesis also appeared, also based on very preliminary evidence, that these drugs are not only harmful but also beneficial, however these medicaments are not yet accepted as agents for the prevention or treatment of this disease or its complications. This review reports current knowledge on the relationship between COVID-19 and SRAA."}, {"pmid": 32007643, "pmcid": "PMC7110798", "title": "Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Shi", "Lin, Qianyin", "Ran, Jinjun", "Musa, Salihu S", "Yang, Guangpu", "Wang, Weiming", "Lou, Yijun", "Gao, Daozhou", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai", "Wang, Maggie H"], "date": "2020-02-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32007643", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia hit a major city in China, Wuhan, December 2019 and subsequently reached other provinces/regions of China and other countries. We present estimates of the basic reproduction number, R0, of 2019-nCoV in the early phase of the outbreak. Accounting for the impact of the variations in disease reporting rate, we modelled the epidemic curve of 2019-nCoV cases time series, in mainland China from January 10 to January 24, 2020, through the exponential growth. With the estimated intrinsic growth rate (\u03b3), we estimated R0 by using the serial intervals (SI) of two other well-known coronavirus diseases, MERS and SARS, as approximations for the true unknown SI. The early outbreak data largely follows the exponential growth. We estimated that the mean R0 ranges from 2.24 (95%CI: 1.96-2.55) to 3.58 (95%CI: 2.89-4.39) associated with 8-fold to 2-fold increase in the reporting rate. We demonstrated that changes in reporting rate substantially affect estimates of R0. The mean estimate of R0 for the 2019-nCoV ranges from 2.24 to 3.58, and is significantly larger than 1. Our findings indicate the potential of 2019-nCoV to cause outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32220899, "title": "Covid-19 and long term conditions: what if you have cancer, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease?", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220899", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330285, "title": "Interventional radiology workflow during the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations of the Swiss Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Qanadli, Salah Dine", "Zech, Christoph J", "Monnard, Etienne", "Binkert, Christoph", "Denys, Alban", "Pfammater, Thomas"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330285", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the importance of continuum in providing services and exigence of protecting health care professionals during this period, the Swiss Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (SSVIR) is releasing guidance for interventional radiologists as preparedness to manage COVID-19 patients, the workflow of non-COVID-19 patients and optimize interactions with other healthcare professionals."}, {"pmid": 32398222, "title": "Covid-19: Pandemic exposes inequalities in global food systems.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398222", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501020, "title": "Service-learning in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Emerging lessons from the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health at the University of Botswana.", "journal": "Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med", "authors": ["Tsima, Billy M", "Masupe, Tiny", "Setlhare, Vincent"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501020", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted many lives worldwide. Training programmes in academic institutions have also been affected by the pandemic. Teaching and learning family medicine and public health medicine in the COVID-19 era require adjustments to training activities. At the University of Botswana, the pandemic presented an opportunity to steer training programmes in the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Medicine more towards service-learning. The department collaborated with the Ministry of Health and Wellness as well as the District Health Management teams in the national response to the pandemic as essential service providers. The increased demands for service provision were balanced with educational opportunities for trainees during the COVID-19 public health emergency. Including structured ongoing reflections for trainees involved in the COVID-19 response helps to connect service and the academic curriculum."}, {"pmid": 32473304, "pmcid": "PMC7255212", "title": "Abdominal Aortic Thrombosis Complicating COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Roncati, Luca", "Manenti, Antonio", "Manco, Gianrocco", "Farinetti, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473304", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421079, "pmcid": "PMC7224076", "title": "A small Iowa farmer's perspective on COVID-19.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["O'Brien, Denise"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421079", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482134, "title": "NLR: A Cost-effective Nomogram to Guide Therapeutic Interventions in COVID-19.", "journal": "Immunol Invest", "authors": ["Kerboua, Kheir Eddine"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482134", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 exhibits a non-yet elucidated heterogeneity dominated by mild form of the illness. Nevertheless, mortality is frequent among patients with a delayed innate immune response that suddenly exacerbates during the second week after admission leading to a lethal over inflammation. Therefore, this rapid and unpredictable deterioration requires timely prediction of COVID-19 refractoriness and critical illness. The two biomarkers readily available in routine laboratories, blood lymphocytes and neutrophil counts, are expected to provide an accurate clinical tool to incline reasonable medication and care because lymphopenia marks immune exhaustion while neutrophilia demonstrates the immunological exuberation. Meanwhile, combining the two parameters as a Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) helps to constitute a powerful predictive and prognostic nomogram. This scoring tool allows clinicians to stratify COVID-19 severities on admission and guide early interventions to accelerate recovery and shorten the course of disease in order to alleviate the shortage of medical resources and reduce mortality."}, {"pmid": 32422197, "pmcid": "PMC7228712", "title": "Who is most likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jordan, Rachel E", "Adab, Peymane"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422197", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32083728, "pmcid": "PMC7165846", "title": "Global challenges in health and health care for nurses and midwives everywhere.", "journal": "Int Nurs Rev", "authors": ["Catton, H"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32083728", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The next decade is likely to produce any number of global challenges that will affect health and health care, including pan-national infections such as the new coronavirus COVID-19 and others that will be related to global warming. Nurses will be required to react to these events, even though they will also be affected as ordinary citizens. The future resilience of healthcare services will depend on having sufficient numbers of nurses who are adequately resourced to face the coming challenges."}, {"pmid": 32222421, "pmcid": "PMC7102655", "title": "Importing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) into China after international air travel.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiao-Ai", "Fan, Hang", "Qi, Run-Zi", "Zheng, Wei", "Zheng, Kui", "Gong, Jian-Hang", "Fang, Li-Qun", "Liu, Wei"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222421", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303493, "title": "Keep older healthcare workers off the covid-19 front line.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Ashcroft, John"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303493", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368570, "pmcid": "PMC7197250", "title": "The Indian perspective of COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Kaushik, Samander", "Kaushik, Sulochana", "Sharma, Yashika", "Kumar, Ramesh", "Yadav, Jaya Parkash"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368570", "countries": ["China", "India", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging infection of COVID-19 was initiated from Wuhan, China, have been spread to more than 210 countries around the globe including India. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are very similar to other respiratory viruses. The number of laboratory-confirmed cases and associated deaths are increasing regularly in various parts of the World. Seven coronaviruses (229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, SARS, MERS and, COVID-19) can naturally infect human beings. Out of these four (229E-CoV, NL63-CoV, OC43-CoV, HKU1-CoV) are responsible for mild upper respiratory infections, while SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19 are well known for their high mortality. Few mild strains of coronaviruses are circulating in India but there is no evidence of SARS and MERS outbreaks. The COVID-19 is an emerging viral infection responsible for pandemics. Fortunately, the mortality of COVID-19 is low as compared with SARS and MERS, the majority of its cases are recovered. The death toll of COVID-19 is high even after its low mortality because COVID-19 causes a pandemic while SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV cause epidemics only. COVID-19 influenced the large segments of the world population, which led to a public health emergency of international concern, putting all health organizations on high alert. COVID-19 is the first coronavirus after Spanish Flu 1918-1919, who has extremely influenced the health system, economy, and psychology of India. The present study review is on the general continent, virology, pathogenesis, global epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and control of COVID-19 with the reference to India."}, {"pmid": 32339534, "pmcid": "PMC7195096", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: Is metformin a friend or foe?", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Ursini, Francesco", "Ciaffi, Jacopo", "Landini, Maria Paola", "Meliconi, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339534", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386187, "title": "Antibody tests for COVID-19: drawing attention to the importance of analytical specificity.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Diamandis, Phedias", "Prassas, Ioannis", "Diamandis, Eleftherios P"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386187", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245855, "title": "Covid-19 crisis forces CVS to cut services.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245855", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357424, "title": "Mitigating the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers: A Digital Learning Package.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Blake, Holly", "Bermingham, Fiona", "Johnson, Graham", "Tabner, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357424", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) will undoubtedly have psychological impacts for healthcare workers, which could be sustained; frontline workers will be particularly at risk. Actions are needed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on mental health by protecting and promoting the psychological wellbeing of healthcare workers during and after the outbreak. We developed and evaluated a digital learning package using Agile methodology within the first three weeks of UK outbreak. This e-package includes evidence-based guidance, support and signposting relating to psychological wellbeing for all UK healthcare employees. A three-step rapid development process included public involvement activities (PPIs) (STEP 1), content and technical development with iterative peer review (STEP 2), and delivery and evaluation (STEP 3). The package outlines the actions that team leaders can take to provide psychologically safe spaces for staff, together with guidance on communication and reducing social stigma, peer and family support, signposting others through psychological first aid (PFA), self-care strategies (e.g., rest, work breaks, sleep, shift work, fatigue, healthy lifestyle behaviours), and managing emotions (e.g., moral injury, coping, guilt, grief, fear, anxiety, depression, preventing burnout and psychological trauma). The e-package includes advice from experts in mental wellbeing as well as those with direct pandemic experiences from the frontline, as well as signposting to public mental health guidance. Rapid delivery in STEP 3 was achieved via direct emails through professional networks and social media. Evaluation included assessment of fidelity and implementation qualities. Essential content was identified through PPIs (n = 97) and peer review (n = 10) in STEPS 1 and 2. The most important messages to convey were deemed to be normalisation of psychological responses during a crisis, and encouragement of self-care and help-seeking behaviour. Within 7 days of completion, the package had been accessed 17,633 times, and healthcare providers had confirmed immediate adoption within their health and wellbeing provisions. Evaluation (STEP 3, n = 55) indicated high user satisfaction with content, usability and utility. Assessment of implementation qualities indicated that the package was perceived to be usable, practical, low cost and low burden. Our digital support package on 'psychological wellbeing for healthcare workers' is free to use, has been positively evaluated and was highly accessed within one week of release. It is available here: Supplementary Materials. This package was deemed to be appropriate, meaningful and useful for the needs of UK healthcare workers. We recommend provision of this e-package to healthcare workers alongside wider strategies to support their psychological wellbeing during and after the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32363578, "pmcid": "PMC7267388", "title": "Preventing the dysfunction of public health centres responding to COVID-19 by focusing on public health nurses in Japan.", "journal": "J Adv Nurs", "authors": ["Yoshioka-Maeda, Kyoko", "Iwasaki-Motegi, Riho", "Honda, Chikako"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363578", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327526, "title": "Severe liver failure during SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Weber, Sabine", "Mayerle, Julia", "Irlbeck, Michael", "Gerbes, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327526", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427334, "title": "Detection of Nucleocapsid Antibody to SARS-CoV-2 is More Sensitive than Antibody to Spike Protein in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Burbelo, Peter D", "Riedo, Francis X", "Morishima, Chihiro", "Rawlings, Stephen", "Smith, Davey", "Das, Sanchita", "Strich, Jeffrey R", "Chertow, Daniel S", "Davey, Richard T", "Cohen, Jeffrey I"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427334", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is associated with respiratory-related morbidity and mortality. Assays to detect virus-specific antibodies are important to understand the prevalence of infection and the course of the immune response. Quantitative measurements of plasma or serum antibodies by luciferase immunoprecipitation assay systems (LIPS) to the nucleocapsid and spike proteins were analyzed in 100 cross-sectional or longitudinal samples from SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. A subset of samples was tested with and without heat inactivation. Fifteen or more days after symptom onset, antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while antibodies to spike protein were detected with 91% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Neither antibody levels nor the rate of seropositivity were significantly reduced by heat inactivation of samples. Analysis of daily samples from six patients with COVID-19 showed anti-nucleocapsid and spike antibodies appearing between day 8 and day 14 after initial symptoms. Immunocompromised patients generally had a delayed antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 compared to immunocompetent patients. Antibody to the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 is more sensitive than spike protein antibody for detecting early infection. Analyzing heat-inactivated samples by LIPS is a safe and sensitive method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies."}, {"pmid": 32405046, "pmcid": "PMC7220642", "title": "Preparing ophthalmologists for the use of mechanical ventilation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Harvey, Joshua P", "Sinclair, Vita F"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405046", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510865, "title": "Identification and management of asymptomatic carriers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China.", "journal": "Influenza Other Respir Viruses", "authors": ["Peng, Jianhui", "Su, Dongwei", "Zhang, Ziwei", "Wang, Mingke"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510865", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444365, "title": "Covid-19: Roll out of 10m antibody tests to begin next week, government announces.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444365", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399453, "pmcid": "PMC7213829", "title": "Takotsubo Syndrome Associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Roca, Elena", "Lombardi, Carlo", "Campana, Marco", "Vivaldi, Oscar", "Bigni, Barbara", "Bertozzi, Bruno", "Passalacqua, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399453", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The availability of public health information for optimised supportive care is critical during the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe the first case of COVID-19 complicated by Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. We report the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The nasopharyngeal swab was positive for SARS-CoV-2 and x-ray images demonstrated pathognomonic pneumonia. The patient developed tachycardia and the echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Doctors should be aware of the need to thoroughly study this new infection in order to understand its underlying mechanisms and related complications. We report the first case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with COVID-19.We discuss a rare presentation in the current pandemic.COVID-19 can be associated with cardiac complications, even after the onset of pneumonia, and so strict monitoring of these patients is essential."}, {"pmid": 32269034, "title": "Covid-19: Trump threatens to stop funding WHO amid \"China-centric\" claims.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269034", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396163, "pmcid": "PMC7218676", "title": "Development and Validation of a Clinical Risk Score to Predict the Occurrence of Critical Illness in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Liang, Wenhua", "Liang, Hengrui", "Ou, Limin", "Chen, Binfeng", "Chen, Ailan", "Li, Caichen", "Li, Yimin", "Guan, Weijie", "Sang, Ling", "Lu, Jiatao", "Xu, Yuanda", "Chen, Guoqiang", "Guo, Haiyan", "Guo, Jun", "Chen, Zisheng", "Zhao, Yi", "Li, Shiyue", "Zhang, Nuofu", "Zhong, Nanshan", "He, Jianxing"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396163", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early identification of patients with novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who may develop critical illness is of great importance and may aid in delivering proper treatment and optimizing use of resources. To develop and validate a clinical score at hospital admission for predicting which patients with COVID-19 will develop critical illness based on a nationwide cohort in China. Collaborating with the National Health Commission of China, we established a retrospective cohort of patients with COVID-19 from 575 hospitals in 31 provincial administrative regions as of January 31, 2020. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging variables ascertained at hospital admission were screened using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and logistic regression to construct a predictive risk score (COVID-GRAM). The score provides an estimate of the risk that a hospitalized patient with COVID-19 will develop critical illness. Accuracy of the score was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Data from 4 additional cohorts in China hospitalized with COVID-19 were used to validate the score. Data were analyzed between February 20, 2020 and March 17, 2020. Among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital, critical illness was defined as the composite measure of admission to the intensive care unit, invasive ventilation, or death. The development cohort included 1590 patients. the mean (SD) age of patients in the cohort was 48.9 (15.7) years; 904 (57.3%) were men. The validation cohort included 710 patients with a mean (SD) age of 48.2 (15.2) years, and 382 (53.8%) were men and 172 (24.2%). From 72 potential predictors, 10 variables were independent predictive factors and were included in the risk score: chest radiographic abnormality (OR, 3.39; 95% CI, 2.14-5.38), age (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05), hemoptysis (OR, 4.53; 95% CI, 1.36-15.15), dyspnea (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.18-3.01), unconsciousness (OR, 4.71; 95% CI, 1.39-15.98), number of comorbidities (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.27-2.00), cancer history (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.23-13.43), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10), lactate dehydrogenase (OR, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.001-1.004) and direct bilirubin (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.24). The mean AUC in the development cohort was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.85-0.91) and the AUC in the validation cohort was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.93). The score has been translated into an online risk calculator that is freely available to the public (http://118.126.104.170/). In this study, a risk score based on characteristics of COVID-19 patients at the time of admission to the hospital was developed that may help predict a patient's risk of developing critical illness."}, {"pmid": 32423553, "pmcid": "PMC7211701", "title": "Angiotensin converting enzyme: A review on expression profile and its association with human disorders with special focus on SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Vascul Pharmacol", "authors": ["Ghafouri-Fard, Soudeh", "Noroozi, Rezvan", "Omrani, Mir Davood", "Branicki, Wojciech", "Pospiech, Ewelina", "Sayad, Arezou", "Pyrc, Krzysztof", "Labaj, Pawel P", "Vafaee, Reza", "Taheri, Mohammad", "Sanak, Marek"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423553", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and its homologue, ACE2, have been mostly associated with hypertensive disorder. However, recent pandemia of SARS-CoV-2 has put these proteins at the center of attention, as this virus has been shown to exploit ACE2 protein to enter cells. Clear difference in the response of affected patients to this virus has urged researchers to find the molecular basis and pathophysiology of the cell response to this virus. Different levels of expression and function of ACE proteins, underlying disorders, consumption of certain medications and the existence of certain genomic variants within ACE genes are possible explanations for the observed difference in the response of individuals to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the current review, we discuss the putative mechanisms for this observation."}, {"pmid": 32360371, "pmcid": "PMC7192088", "title": "Thromboembolic events in patients with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Ng, Jun Jie", "Choong, Andrew M T L"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360371", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332957, "pmcid": "PMC7180663", "title": "Transmission routes of COVID-19 in the dental practice.", "journal": "Br Dent J", "authors": ["Wadia, Reena"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332957", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320742, "pmcid": "PMC7167295", "title": "Commentary: COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: What we know, how our patients should be treated now, and what should happen next.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Angelidi, Angeliki M", "Belanger, Matthew J", "Mantzoros, Christos S"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320742", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386190, "title": "Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Lapic, Ivana", "Rogic, Dunja", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386190", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417376, "pmcid": "PMC7224656", "title": "The Impact of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic and Italian Lockdown Measures on Clinical Presentation and Management of Acute Heart Failure.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Colivicchi, Furio", "Di Fusco, Stefania Angela", "Magnanti, Massimo", "Cipriani, Manlio", "Imperoli, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417376", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301966, "pmcid": "PMC7184557", "title": "Albert Camus' 'The COVID-19 Plague' Revisited.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Franco-Paredes, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301966", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321234, "title": "Covid-19: Simulation models for epidemics.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Kristiansen, Ivar Sonbo", "Burger, Emily Annika", "Blasio, Birgitte Freiesleben de"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321234", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32118642, "title": "Science in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Wang, Jian-Wei", "Cao, Bin", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118642", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489403, "pmcid": "PMC7238469", "title": "COVID-19: An update from England's high consequence infectious diseases intensive care unit leads.", "journal": "J Intensive Care Soc", "authors": ["Martin, Daniel", "Platt, Sarah", "Hampshire, Peter", "Meadows, Chris"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489403", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500648, "title": "Global Coronavirus Pandemic (SARS CoV-2): Past, Present, And Future Of Pediatric Dermatology.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Simonetti, O", "Diotallevi, F", "Campanati, A", "Brisigotti, V", "Radi, G", "Molinelli, E", "Bobyr, I", "Martina, E", "Paolinelli, M", "Sapigni, C", "Offidani, A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500648", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Two months have passed since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the pandemic of the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus, on March 11, 2020. Medical and healthcare workers have continued to be on the frontline to defeat this disease, however, continual changes are being made to their working habits which are proving to be difficult. Although the skin is not the main target of the SARS CoV-2 infection, it is strongly involved both directly and indirectly, in many aspects of dermatological disease management, and particularly in pediatric dermatology. In this manuscript, our goal was to provide a \"up-to-date\" account on this topic, through analysis of current literature and sharing our experiences during this pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32404639, "pmcid": "PMC7268820", "title": "Ultrasound-guided interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic - a new challenge.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Allam, Abdallah El-Sayed", "Ergonenc, Tolga", "Martos, Alvaro Garcia", "Perez, Mario Fajardo", "Perdisa, Francesco", "Porta, Francesco", "Serrano, Simao", "Tognu, Andrea", "Galluccio, Felice"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404639", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304531, "title": "A Need for Data-driven Public Health Responses to COVID-19.", "journal": "Optom Vis Sci", "authors": ["Twa, Michael D"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304531", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389543, "pmcid": "PMC7200327", "title": "COVID-19 and molecular mimicry: The Columbus' egg?", "journal": "J Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Cappello, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389543", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371479, "title": "Cytokine Storm Drugs Move from CAR T to COVID-19.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371479", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early reports suggest that tocilizumab, an IL6 receptor-blocking antibody used to manage toxicities associated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, may help control cytokine storms in people infected with COVID-19. Preliminary data from randomized trials are less clear-cut."}, {"pmid": 32491984, "title": "Parotitis-Like Symptoms Associated with COVID-19, France, March-April 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Chetrit, Annaelle", "Chekkoury-Idrissi, Younes", "Distinguin, Lea", "Circiu, Marta", "Saussez, Sven", "Berradja, Najete", "Edjlali, Myriam", "Hans, Stephane", "Carlier, Robert"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491984", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the clinical features of 3 patients in France who had parotitis (inflammation of the parotid salivary glands) as a clinical manifestation of confirmed coronavirus disease. Results from magnetic resonance imaging support the occurrence of intraparotid lymphadenitis, leading to a parotitis-like clinical picture."}, {"pmid": 32476155, "title": "Management of patients with ovarian cancer in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Bogani, Giorgio", "Casarin, Jvan", "Pinelli, Ciro", "Di Donato, Violante", "Bosio, Sara", "Ruisi, Simona", "Brusadelli, Claudia", "Guerrisi, Rocco", "Sarpietro, Giuseppe", "Ditto, Antonino", "Ghezzi, Fabio", "Raspagliesi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476155", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the beginning of 2020,\u00a0coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads worldwide. Patients with ovarian cancer should be considered at high-risk of developing severe morbidity related to COVID-19. Most of them are diagnosed in advanced stages of disease, and they are fragile. Here, we evaluated the major impact of COVID-19 on patients with ovarian cancer, discussing the effect of the outbreak on medical and surgical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32179137, "pmcid": "PMC7270890", "title": "Estimation of the asymptomatic ratio of novel coronavirus infections (COVID-19).", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nishiura, Hiroshi", "Kobayashi, Tetsuro", "Miyama, Takeshi", "Suzuki, Ayako", "Jung, Sung-Mok", "Hayashi, Katsuma", "Kinoshita, Ryo", "Yang, Yichi", "Yuan, Baoyin", "Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R", "Linton, Natalie M"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179137", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255382, "title": "Hospitalization and Critical Care of 109 Decedents with COVID-19 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Du, Rong-Hui", "Liu, Li-Min", "Yin, Wen", "Wang, Wen", "Guan, Lu-Lu", "Yuan, Ming-Li", "Li, Yu-Lei", "Hu, Yi", "Li, Xu-Yan", "Sun, Bing", "Peng, Peng", "Shi, Huan-Zhong"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255382", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China, spreads across national and international borders. The overall death rate of COVID-19 pneumonia in Chinese population was 4%. To describe process of hospitalization and critical care of decedents with COVID-19 pneumonia. This was a multi-center observational study of 109 decedents with COVID-19 pneumonia from three hospitals in Wuhan. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected and analyzed, and final date of follow-up was February 24, 2020. The mean age of 109 decedents with COVID-19 pneumonia was 70.7 years, and 35 (32.1%) patients were female. 85 (78.0%) patients suffered from one or more underlying comorbidities. Multiple organ failure, especially respiratory failure and heart failure, appeared in all patients even at early stage of disease. Overall, from onset of symptom to death, the mean time was 22.3 days. All 109 hospitalized patients needed ICU admission, however, only 51 (46.8%) had such a chance because of limited availability. The period of hospitalization to death in ICU group and non-ICU group was 15.9 days (SD, 8.8 days) and 12.5 days (8.6 days, P = 0.044), respectively. Mortality due to COVID-19 pneumonia was concentrated in old people whose age was always above 65 years, especially those with major comorbidities. Patients admitted to ICU lived longer than those who did not gain admission to ICU. Our findings should aid in the recognition and clinical management of such infections, especially ICU resource allocation."}, {"pmid": 32482154, "title": "Care of Patients With a Laryngectomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Yeung, David C M", "Lai, Ronald", "Wong, Eddy W Y", "Chan, Jason Y K"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482154", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with a laryngectomy are at increased risk for droplet-transmitted diseases and, therefore, COVID-19, which has now caused a worldwide pandemic. Adaptive measures to protect patients with a laryngectomy and their families were designed and implemented in the Hong Kong SAR (HK). Driven by the fear of severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003, hospitals in HK have since modified infection control routines to prevent a repeat public health nightmare. To face COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, we have adapted guidelines for our patients with a laryngectomy. Contact precautions, droplet precautions with physical barriers, and hand and equipment hygiene are our mainstays of prevention against COVID-19, and sharing these routines is the aim of this article. The COVID-19 pandemic is still roaring ahead. Awareness and precautions for patients with a laryngectomy who may be at higher risk are outlined here and should be maintained during the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32463026, "title": "A Novel Vaccine Employing Non-Replicating Rabies Virus Expressing Chimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Domains: Functional Inhibition of Viral/Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Complexes.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Stefano, Michelle L", "Kream, Richard M", "Stefano, George B"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463026", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel \u00df-coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clinical studies have documented that potentially severe neurological symptoms are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, thereby suggesting direct CNS penetration by the virus. Prior studies have demonstrated that the destructive neurological effects of rabies virus (RABV) infections are mediated by CNS transport of the virus tightly bound to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). By comparison, it has been hypothesized that a similar mechanism exists to explain the multiple neurological effects of SARS-CoV-2 via binding to peripheral nAChRs followed by orthograde or retrograde transport into the CNS. Genetic engineering of the RABV has been employed to generate novel vaccines consisting of non-replicating RABV particles expressing chimeric capsid proteins containing human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), Ebolavirus, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) sequences. Accordingly, we present a critical discussion that integrates lessons learned from prior RABV research and vaccine development into a working model of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that selectively targets and neutralizes CNS penetration of a tightly bound viral nAChR complex."}, {"pmid": 32431949, "pmcid": "PMC7223271", "title": "Multivariate analyses of codon usage of SARS-CoV-2 and other betacoronaviruses.", "journal": "Virus Evol", "authors": ["Gu, Haogao", "Chu, Daniel K W", "Peiris, Malik", "Poon, Leo L M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431949", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health concern as it continues to spread within China and beyond. The causative agent of this disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus, which also includes severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERSr-CoV). Codon usage of viral genes are believed to be subjected to different selection pressures in different host environments. Previous studies on codon usage of influenza A viruses helped identify viral host origins and evolution trends, however, similar studies on coronaviruses are lacking. In this study, we compared the codon usage bias using global correspondence analysis (CA), within-group CA and between-group CA. We found that the bat RaTG13 virus best matched the overall codon usage pattern of SARS-CoV-2 in orf1ab, spike and nucleocapsid genes, while the pangolin P1E virus had a more similar codon usage in membrane gene. The amino acid usage pattern of SARS-CoV-2 was generally found similar to bat and human SARSr-CoVs. However, we found greater synonymous codon usage differences between SARS-CoV-2 and its phylogenetic relatives on spike and membrane genes, suggesting these two genes of SARS-CoV-2 are subjected to different evolutionary pressures."}, {"pmid": 32422439, "pmcid": "PMC7205674", "title": "Firearms or SARS-Cov-2: what is the most lethal?", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Dutheil, F", "Baker, J S", "Navel, V"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422439", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390405, "title": "COVID-19 Viral Load of an Infected Family in China.", "journal": "Clin Lab", "authors": ["Wang, Daming", "Song, Chunli", "Zhou, Yiwen", "Xu, Kaiyuan", "Zhou, Zhuoyang", "Ge, Liu", "Zhang, Yuchi"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390405", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414804, "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia in a large cohort of patients treated with biological and targeted synthetic antirheumatic drugs.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Conticini, Edoardo", "Bargagli, Elena", "Bardelli, Marco", "Rana, Giuseppe Domenico", "Baldi, Caterina", "Cameli, Paolo", "Gentileschi, Stefano", "Bennett, David", "Falsetti, Paolo", "Lanzarone, Nicola", "Bellisai, Francesca", "Barreca, Cristiana", "D'Alessandro, Roberto", "Cantarini, Luca", "Frediani, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414804", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493950, "title": "Academic leaders must support inclusive scientific communities during COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Ecol Evol", "authors": ["Maas, Bea", "Grogan, Kathleen E", "Chirango, Yolanda", "Harris, Nyeema", "Lievano-Latorre, Luisa Fernanda", "McGuire, Krista L", "Moore, Alexandria C", "Ocampo-Ariza, Carolina", "Palta, Monica Marie", "Perfecto, Ivette", "Primack, Richard B", "Rowell, Kirsten", "Sales, Lilian", "Santos-Silva, Rejane", "Silva, Rafaela Aparecida", "Sterling, Eleanor J", "Vieira, Raisa R S", "Wyborn, Carina", "Toomey, Anne"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493950", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347790, "pmcid": "PMC7202095", "title": "Mechanical Thrombectomy in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Emergency Preparedness for Neuroscience Teams: A Guidance Statement From the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Nguyen, Thanh N", "Abdalkader, Mohamad", "Jovin, Tudor G", "Nogueira, Raul G", "Jadhav, Ashutosh P", "Haussen, Diogo C", "Hassan, Ameer E", "Novakovic, Roberta", "Sheth, Sunil A", "Ortega-Gutierrez, Santiago", "Panagos, Peter D", "Cordina, Steve M", "Linfante, Italo", "Mansour, Ossama Yassin", "Malik, Amer M", "Narayanan, Sandra", "Masoud, Hesham E", "Chou, Sherry Hsiang-Yi", "Khatri, Rakesh", "Janardhan, Vallabh", "Yavagal, Dileep R", "Zaidat, Osama O", "Greer, David M", "Liebeskind, David S"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347790", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287788, "pmcid": "PMC7131731", "title": "Inside Wuhan's lockdown.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Lu, Donna"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287788", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hubei residents are trying to stay positive as hospitals attempt to treat thousands infected by the new coronavirus, reports Donna Lu."}, {"pmid": 32213508, "title": "David Oliver: Covid-19-recriminations and political point scoring must wait.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Oliver, David"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213508", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366599, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 detection in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from surgical resection of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Guerini-Rocco, Elena", "Taormina, Sergio Vincenzo", "Vacirca, Davide", "Ranghiero, Alberto", "Rappa, Alessandra", "Fumagalli, Caterina", "Maffini, Fausto", "Rampinelli, Cristiano", "Galetta, Domenico", "Tagliabue, Marta", "Ansarin, Mohssen", "Barberis, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366599", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, pathologists can be exposed to infection handling surgical specimens. Guidelines related to safety procedures in the laboratory have been released. However, there is a lack of studies performed on biopsy and surgical resection specimens. Here we report the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from surgical resection of tongue squamous cell carcinoma of a patient who developed COVID-19 postsurgery. RNA of SARS-CoV-2 strain was detected in the tumour and the normal submandibular gland samples using real-time PCR-based assay. No viral RNA was found in metastatic and reactive lymph nodes. We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in routine histopathological samples even before COVID-19 disease development. These findings may give important information on the possible sites of infection or virus reservoir, and highlight the necessity of proper handling and fixation before sample processing."}, {"pmid": 32356945, "pmcid": "PMC7206930", "title": "Children with Covid-19 in Pediatric Emergency Departments in Italy.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Parri, Niccolo", "Lenge, Matteo", "Buonsenso, Danilo"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356945", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397895, "title": "COVID-19 and Diabetes-A View From India.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Mohan, Viswanathan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397895", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID - 19 has been one of the greatest disasters in human history. It has completely disrupted our lives. With regard to medical practice, it changed the way doctors started treating patients. One of the positives of COVID - 19 has been the emergnece of telemedicine in treating chronic conditions like diabetes. In India, telemedicine which was illegal was rapidly legalised and gudelines for telemedicine were drawn up. This commentay describes our approach to treating diabetes patiens during the COVID lockdown period based on experience at a large tertiary diabetes centre in India."}, {"pmid": 32346394, "pmcid": "PMC7176064", "title": "Additional challenges faced by cancer patients in Gaza due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Ecancermedicalscience", "authors": ["AlWaheidi, Shaymaa", "Sullivan, Richard", "Davies, Elizabeth A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346394", "countries": ["Palestine, State of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cancer patients in conflict settings experience significant barriers in accessing chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as palliative care and psychosocial support. Now they face an additional possible risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus and the indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on movement restrictions and their access to care. In this commentary, we highlight that despite the low COVID-19 burden in conflict settings like Gaza, COVID-19 could lead to further inequity in cancer care and poorer outcomes for Palestinians with cancer. This is due to the pre-existing shortage in cancer resources as well as the lack of context-specific guidelines to prepare for COVID-19 in war-torn settings."}, {"pmid": 32386567, "pmcid": "PMC7252156", "title": "Bariatric and metabolic surgery during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: DSS recommendations for management of surgical candidates and postoperative patients and prioritisation of access to surgery.", "journal": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol", "authors": ["Rubino, Francesco", "Cohen, Ricardo V", "Mingrone, Geltrude", "le Roux, Carel W", "Mechanick, Jeffrey I", "Arterburn, David E", "Vidal, Josep", "Alberti, George", "Amiel, Stephanie A", "Batterham, Rachel L", "Bornstein, Stefan", "Chamseddine, Ghassan", "Del Prato, Stefano", "Dixon, John B", "Eckel, Robert H", "Hopkins, David", "McGowan, Barbara M", "Pan, An", "Patel, Ameet", "Pattou, Francois", "Schauer, Philip R", "Zimmet, Paul Z", "Cummings, David E"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386567", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is wreaking havoc on society, especially health-care systems, including disrupting bariatric and metabolic surgery. The current limitations on accessibility to non-urgent care undermine postoperative monitoring of patients who have undergone such operations. Furthermore, like most elective surgery, new bariatric and metabolic procedures are being postponed worldwide during the pandemic. When the outbreak abates, a backlog of people seeking these operations will exist. Hence, surgical candidates face prolonged delays of beneficial treatment. Because of the progressive nature of obesity and diabetes, delaying surgery increases risks for morbidity and mortality, thus requiring strategies to mitigate harm. The risk of harm, however, varies among patients, depending on the type and severity of their comorbidities. A triaging strategy is therefore needed. The traditional weight-centric patient-selection criteria do not favour cases based on actual clinical needs. In this Personal View, experts from the Diabetes Surgery Summit consensus conference series provide guidance for the management of patients while surgery is delayed and for postoperative surveillance. We also offer a strategy to prioritise bariatric and metabolic surgery candidates on the basis of the diseases that are most likely to be ameliorated postoperatively. Although our system will be particularly germane in the immediate future, it also provides a framework for long-term clinically meaningful prioritisation."}, {"pmid": 32353701, "pmcid": "PMC7151275", "title": "Facing COVID-19 in the hematopoietic cell transplant setting: A new challenge for transplantation physicians.", "journal": "Blood Cells Mol Dis", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Jindal, Vishal", "Siddiqui, Ahmad Daniyal", "Cerny, Jan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353701", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407491, "title": "iBioProVis: Interactive Visualization and Analysis of Compound Bioactivity Space.", "journal": "Bioinformatics", "authors": ["Donmez, Ataberk", "Rifaioglu, Ahmet Sureyya", "Acar, Aybar", "Dogana, Tunca", "Cetin-Atalay, Rengul", "Atalay, Volkan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407491", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "iBioProVis is an interactive tool for visual analysis of the compound bioactivity space in the context of target proteins, drugs, and drug candidate compounds. iBioProVis tool takes target protein identifiers and, optionally, compound SMILES as input, and uses the state-of-the-art non-linear dimensionality reduction method t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) to plot the distribution of compounds embedded in a 2-D map, based on the similarity of structural properties of compounds and in the context of compounds' cognate targets. Similar compounds, which are embedded to proximate points on the 2-D map, may bind the same or similar target proteins. Thus, iBioProVis can be used to easily observe the structural distribution of one or two target proteins' known ligands on the 2-D compound space, and to infer new binders to the same protein, or to infer new potential target(s) for a compound of interest, based on this distribution. Principal component analysis (PCA) projection of the input compounds is also provided, Hence the user can interactively observe the same compound or a group of selected compounds which is projected by both PCA and embedded by t-SNE. iBioProVis also provides detailed information about drugs and drug candidate compounds through cross-references to widely used and well-known databases, in the form of linked table views. Two use-case studies were demonstrated, one being on ACE2 protein which is SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein receptor. ACE2 binding compounds and 7 antiviral drugs were closely embedded in which two of them have been under clinical trial for COVID-19. iBioProVis and its carefully filtered dataset are available at https://ibpv.kansil.org/ for public use. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online."}, {"pmid": 32362288, "pmcid": "PMC7225213", "title": "A coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in a hospital and hospital closure: A note.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mungmunpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32264957, "pmcid": "PMC7137400", "title": "Fighting against the common enemy of COVID-19: a practice of building a community with a shared future for mankind.", "journal": "Infect Dis Poverty", "authors": ["Qian, Xu", "Ren, Ran", "Wang, Youfa", "Guo, Yan", "Fang, Jing", "Wu, Zhong-Dao", "Liu, Pei-Long", "Han, Tie-Ru"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264957", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than 80\u2009813 confirmed cases in all provinces of China, and 21\u2009110 cases reported in 93 countries of six continents as of 7 March 2020 since middle December 2019. Due to biological nature of the novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with faster spreading and unknown transmission pattern, it makes us in a difficulty position to contain the disease transmission globally. To date, we have found it is one of the greatest challenges to human beings in fighting against COVID-19 in the history, because SARS-CoV-2 is different from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in terms of biological features and transmissibility, and also found the containment strategies including the non-pharmaceutical public health measures implemented in China are effective and successful. In order to prevent a potential pandemic-level outbreak of COVID-19, we, as a community of shared future for mankind, recommend for all international leaders to support preparedness in low and middle income countries especially, take strong global interventions by using old approaches or new tools, mobilize global resources to equip hospital facilities and supplies to protect noisome infections and to provide personal protective tools such as facemask to general population, and quickly initiate research projects on drug and vaccine development. We also recommend for the international community to develop better coordination, cooperation, and strong solidarity in the joint efforts of fighting against COVID-19 spreading recommended by the joint mission report of the WHO-China experts, against violating the International Health Regulation (WHO, 2005), and against stigmatization, in order to eventually win the battle against our common enemy - COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32145766, "pmcid": "PMC7128408", "title": "Taking the right measures to control COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xiao, Yonghong", "Torok, Mili Estee"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247329, "pmcid": "PMC7270465", "title": "Why inequality could spread COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Ahmed, Faheem", "Ahmed, Na'eem", "Pissarides, Christopher", "Stiglitz, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247329", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358675, "pmcid": "PMC7195297", "title": "Pediatric radiology and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Radiol", "authors": ["Strouse, Peter J"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358675", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516421, "title": "COVID-19 rehabilitation units are twice as expensive as regular rehabilitation units.", "journal": "J Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Iannaccone, Sandro", "Alemanno, Federica", "Houdayer, Elise", "Brugliera, Luigia", "Castellazzi, Paola", "Cianflone, Domenico", "Meloni, Carlo", "Ambrosio, Alberto", "Mortini, Pietro", "Spina, Alfio", "Filippi, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516421", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant motor, cognitive, psychological, neurological and cardiological disabilities in many infected patients. Functional rehabilitation of infectious COVID-19 patients has been implemented in the acute care wards and in appropriate, ad-hoc, multidisciplinary COVID-19 rehabilitation units. However, because COVID-19 rehabilitation units are a clinical novelty, clinical and organizational benchmarks are not yet available. The aim of this study is to describe the organizational needs and operational costs of such a unit, by comparing its activity, organization, and costs with 2 other functional rehabilitation units, in San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. The 2-month activity of the COVID-19 Rehabilitation Unit at San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy, which was created in response to the emergency need for rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients, was compared with the previous year's activity of the Cardiac Rehabilitation and Motor Rehabilitation Units of the same institute. Results The COVID-19 Rehabilitation Unit had the same number of care beds as the other units, but required twice the amount of staff and instrumental equipment, leading to a deficit in costs. The COVID-19 Rehabilitation Unit was twice as expensive as the 2 other units studied. World health systems are organizing to respond to the pandemic by implementing acute intensive care and sub-intensive care units. This study shows that COVID-19 rehabilitation units must be organized following specific clinical and organizational needs."}, {"pmid": 32444458, "title": "Early Observation and Mitigation of Challenges in Diabetes Management of COVID-19 Patients in Critical Care Units.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Hamdy, Osama", "Gabbay, Robert A"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444458", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407959, "pmcid": "PMC7212963", "title": "Compassionate remdesivir treatment of severe Covid-19 pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) and Non-ICU patients: Clinical outcome and differences in post-treatment hospitalisation status.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Antinori, Spinello", "Cossu, Maria Vittoria", "Ridolfo, Anna Lisa", "Rech, Roberto", "Bonazzetti, Cecilia", "Pagani, Gabriele", "Gubertini, Guido", "Coen, Massimo", "Magni, Carlo", "Castelli, Antonio", "Borghi, Beatrice", "Colombo, Riccardo", "Giorgi, Riccardo", "Angeli, Elena", "Mileto, Davide", "Milazzo, Laura", "Vimercati, Stefania", "Pellicciotta, Martina", "Corbellino, Mario", "Torre, Alessandro", "Rusconi, Stefano", "Oreni, Letizia", "Gismondo, Maria Rita", "Giacomelli, Andrea", "Meroni, Luca", "Rizzardini, Giuliano", "Galli, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407959", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is causing an increasing number of deaths worldwide because no effective treatment is currently available. Remdesivir has shown in vitro activity against coronaviruses and is a possible antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This prospective (compassionate), open-label study of remdesivir, which was conducted at Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy, between February 23 and March 20, 2020, involved patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia aged \u226518 years undergoing mechanical ventilation or with an oxygen saturation level of \u226494 % in air or a National Early Warning Score 2 of \u22654. The primary outcome was the change in clinical status based on a 7-category ordinal scale (1 = not hospitalised, resuming normal daily activities; 7 = deceased). The 35 patients enrolled from February 23 to March 20, 2020, included 18 in intensive care unit (ICU), and 17 in our infectious diseases ward (IDW). The 10-day course of remdesivir was completed by 22 patients (63 %) and discontinued by 13, of whom eight (22.8 %) discontinued because of adverse events. The median follow-up was 39 days (IQR 25-44). At day 28, 14 (82.3 %) patients from IDW were discharged, two were still hospitalized and one died (5.9 %), whereas in ICU 6 (33.3 %) were discharged, 8 (44.4 %) patients died, three (16.7 %) were still mechanically ventilated and one (5.6 %) was improved but still hospitalized. Hypertransaminasemia and acute kidney injury were the most frequent severe adverse events observed (42.8 % and 22.8 % of the cases, respectively). Our data suggest that remdesivir can benefit patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia hospitalised outside ICU where clinical outcome was better and adverse events are less frequently observed. Ongoing randomised controlled trials will clarify its real efficacy and safety, who to treat, and when."}, {"pmid": 32329275, "title": "[An analysis of global research on SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Longhao", "Li, Baihong", "Jia, Peng", "Pu, Jian", "Bai, Bei", "Li, Yin", "Zhu, Peijia", "Li, Lei", "Zeng, Guojun", "Zhao, Xin", "Dong, Shanshan", "Liu, Menghan", "Zhang, Nan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329275", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 has been spread to 26 countries around the world since its outbreak. By February 16, 2020, more than 68 000 people had been diagnosed with COVID-19. Researchers from all over the world have carried out timely studies on this public health emergency and produced a number of scientific publications. This review aims to re-analyze and summarize the current research findings in a timely manner to guide scholars in relevant fields to further SARS-CoV-2 research and assist healthcare professionals in their work and decision-making. The SARS-CoV-2 related terms were selected in both English and Chinese and were searched in several major databases, including Pubmed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases. The reference list of each search result was screened for relevance, which was further supplemented to the search results. The included studies were categorized by topics with key characteristics extracted, re-analyzed, and summarized. A total of 301 articles were finally included with 136 in Chinese and 165 in English. The number of publications has rapidly increased since mid-January, 2020, and a peak day was 6th February on which 50 articles were published. The top three countries publishing articles were China, the United States and the United Kingdom. The Lancet and its specialty journals have published the most articles, with contribution also from journals such as New England Journal of Medicine ( NEJM), The Journal of the American Medical Association ( JAMA), and Nature. All articles were categorized into epidemiology, clinical diagnosis and treatment, basic research, pregnant women and children, mental health, epidemic prevention & control, and others. The literatures related to SARS-CoV-2 are emerging rapidly. It is necessary to sort out and summarize the research topic in time, which has a good reference value for staff in different positions. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the judgment of the quality of literatures."}, {"pmid": 32366740, "pmcid": "PMC7242088", "title": "COVID-19 and Avoiding Ibuprofen. How Good Is the Evidence?", "journal": "Am J Ther", "authors": ["Sridharan, Gurusaravanan Kutti", "Kotagiri, Rajesh", "Chandiramani, Vijay H", "Mohan, Babu P", "Vegunta, Rathnamitreyee", "Vegunta, Radhakrishna", "Rokkam, Venkata R P"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366740", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ibuprofen is an over-the-counter medication that is used widely for the treatment of pain and fever during COVID-19 pandemic. A concern was raised regarding the safety of ibuprofen use because of its role in increasing ACE2 levels within the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system. ACE2 is the coreceptor for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells, and so, a potential increased risk of contracting COVID-19 disease and/or worsening of COVID-19 infection was feared with ibuprofen use. However, available data from limited studies show administration of recombinant ACE2 improves lung damage caused by respiratory viruses, suggesting ibuprofen use may be beneficial in COVID-19 disease. At this time, there is no supporting evidence to discourage the use of ibuprofen."}, {"pmid": 32213335, "pmcid": "PMC7270510", "title": "COVID-19 and medical education.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ahmed, Hanad", "Allaf, Mohammed", "Elghazaly, Hussein"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213335", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391668, "title": "[Dynamic inflammatory response in a critically ill COVID-19 patient treated with corticosteroids].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Zhagn, Sheng", "Li, Danping", "Chen, Huazhong", "Zheng, Dan", "Zhou, Yiping", "Chen, Baoguo", "Shi, Weiwu", "Lin, Ronghai"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391668", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the effect of corticosteroids therapy on the inflammatory response in a critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient. A 55-year old female patient with critical ill COVID-19 was admitted in Taizhou Hospital on January 19, 2020. The patient was treated with methylprednisolone 80 mg on the 2nd day after admission. Thereafter, the dose was adjusted in a timely manner and the therapy lasted for 13 days. The peripheral lymphocyte subsets (CD3+T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, NK cells, B cells), as well as serum levels of lymphocyte factors (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3) were dynamically monitored. On D1 of admission, the numbers of peripheral blood CD3+ T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and NK cells were significantly lower than the normal range. With the improvement of the disease, the numbers of CD3+ T, CD8+ T and CD4 + T cells gradually recovered and showed a linear growth trend (linear fitting equation: Y=18.59X+109.4, P<0.05). On D2 of admission, the patient's IL-6 and IL-10 levels were significantly higher than normal values, IFN-\u03b3 was at a normal high value, and then rapidly decreased; IL-2, IL-4, and TNF-\u03b1 were all in the normal range. On the D6 and D7, the IL-6 and IL-10 decreased to the normal range for the first time. On the D18, the sputum virus nucleic acid test was negative for the first time, and the fecal virus nucleic acid test was still positive; on the D20 the sputum and fecal virus nucleic acid test were both negative. On D34, the patient recovered and was discharged. At the discharge the muscle strength score of the patient was 44 and the daily life ability evaluation was 90. In the absence of effective antiviral drugs, early use of appropriate doses of corticosteroids in critically ill patient with COVID-19 can quickly alleviate inflammatory response and improve clinical symptoms, however, it may reduce the number of T cells, and to adjust the dose in time is necessary."}, {"pmid": 32410768, "pmcid": "PMC7221384", "title": "[Statistical and mathematical modeling in the Coronavirus epidemic: some considerations to minimize biases in the results].", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Matabuena, Marcos", "Padilla, Oscar Hernan Madrid", "Gonzalez-Barcala, Francisco-Javier"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410768", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404735, "title": "Responding to the COVID-19 crisis: if not now, then when?", "journal": "Plast Reconstr Surg", "authors": ["Ganesh Kumar, Nishant", "Garfein, Evan S", "Cederna, Paul S", "Vercler, Christian J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404735", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32081569, "pmcid": "PMC7129623", "title": "Community pharmacist in public health emergencies: Quick to action against the coronavirus 2019-nCoV outbreak.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Ung, Carolina Oi Lam"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32081569", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019-nCoV infection that is caused by a novel strain of coronavirus was first detected in China in the end of December 2019 and declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization on January 30, 2020. Community pharmacists in one of the first areas that had confirmed cases of the viral infection, Macau, joined the collaborative force in supporting the local health emergency preparedness and response arrangements. This paper aimed to improve the understanding of community pharmacists' role in case of 2019-CoV outbreak based on the practical experiences in consultation with the recommendations made by the International Pharmaceutical Federation on the Coronavirus 2019-nCoV outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32071448, "title": "Coronavirus: global solutions to prevent a pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Watts, Charlotte H", "Vallance, Patrick", "Whitty, Christopher J M"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32071448", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513860, "title": "A Public Health Laboratory Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Pabbaraju, Kanti", "Wong, Anita A", "Douesnard, Mark", "Ma, Raymond", "Gill, Kara", "Dieu, Paul", "Fonseca, Kevin", "Zelyas, Nathan", "Tipples, Graham A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513860", "countries": ["China", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) began in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019, and spread rapidly worldwide. The response by the Alberta Precision Laboratories, Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta, Canada, included the development and implementation of nucleic acid detection based assays and dynamic changes in testing protocols for the identification of cases as the epidemic curve increased exponentially. This rapid response was essential to slow down and contain transmission and provide valuable time to the local health authorities to prepare appropriate response strategies. As of May 24, 2020, 236,077 specimens were tested with 6475 (2.74%) positives detected in the province of Alberta, Canada. Several commercial assays are now available; however, the response from commercial vendors to develop and market validated tests is a time-consuming process. In addition, the massive global demand made it difficult to secure a reliable commercial supply of testing kits and reagents.A public health laboratory serves a unique and important role in the delivery of health care. One of its functions is to anticipate and prepare for novel emerging pathogens with a plan for pandemic preparedness. Here we outline the response that involved the development and deployment of testing methodologies that evolved as SARS-CoV-2 spread world-wide, the challenges encountered, and mitigation strategies. We also provide insight into the organizational structure of how a public health response is coordinated in Alberta and its benefits."}, {"pmid": 32473603, "title": "Maternal mortality from COVID-19 in Mexico.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Lumbreras-Marquez, Mario Isaac", "Campos-Zamora, Melissa", "Lizaola-Diaz de Leon, Heriberto", "Farber, Michaela Kristina"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473603", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the deadliest pandemic to occur in this century. Common symptoms of COVID-19 include cough, myalgia, fever, chest pain, and headache. However, its clinical presentation ranges from completely asymptomatic to acute respiratory distress syndrome.[1] Pregnant women are susceptible to community spread of COVID-19 because they cannot postpone interactions with healthcare professionals and other women receiving obstetric care."}, {"pmid": 32317269, "title": "Managing high clinical suspicion COVID-19 inpatients with negative RT-PCR: a pragmatic and limited role for thoracic CT.", "journal": "Thorax", "authors": ["Tavare, Aniket N", "Braddy, Aaron", "Brill, Simon", "Jarvis, Hannah", "Sivaramakrishnan, Anand", "Barnett, Joseph", "Creer, Dean D", "Hare, Samanjit S"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317269", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379892, "pmcid": "PMC7239219", "title": "Cardiology after COVID-19: Quo Vademus?", "journal": "Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes", "authors": ["Cannata, Antonio", "Bromage, Daniel I", "McDonagh, Theresa"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379892", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246144, "pmcid": "PMC7184350", "title": "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Disabled and Hospice Home Care Patients.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Tseng, Tzyy-Guey", "Wu, Hui-Ling", "Ku, Hui-Chuan", "Tai, Chi-Jung"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246144", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508024, "title": "Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality among inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Chen, Fuyang", "Sun, Wenwu", "Sun, Shengrong", "Li, Zhiyu", "Wang, Zhong", "Yu, Li"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508024", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302962, "pmcid": "PMC7151537", "title": "Dealing with Corona virus anxiety and OCD.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Kumar, Ajay", "Somani, Aditya"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302962", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is reeling under the crisis caused by corona virus disease (COVID-19), print, electronic and social media are flooded with numerous advisories issued by governments and other national & international agencies. While all this is being done with best of intentions so as to contain the spread of this viral disease, this is causing a significant negative impact on mental health of people specially person of obsessive-compulsive disorder with fear of contamination and excessive washing of hands."}, {"pmid": 32466737, "title": "The Curious Case of the Missing Strokes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Aguiar de Sousa, Diana", "Sandset, Else Charlotte", "Elkind, Mitchell S V"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466737", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387333, "pmcid": "PMC7200356", "title": "Could nasal nitric oxide help to mitigate the severity of COVID-19?", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Martel, Jan", "Ko, Yun-Fei", "Young, John D", "Ojcius, David M"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387333", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The nasal cavity and turbinates play important physiological functions by filtering, warming and humidifying inhaled air. Paranasal sinuses continually produce nitric oxide (NO), a reactive oxygen species that diffuses to the bronchi and lungs to produce bronchodilatory and vasodilatory effects. Studies indicate that NO may also help to reduce respiratory tract infection by inactivating viruses and inhibiting their replication in epithelial cells. In view of the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), clinical trials have been designed to examine the effects of inhaled nitric oxide in COVID-19 subjects. We discuss here additional lifestyle factors such as mouth breathing which may affect the antiviral response against SARS-CoV-2 by bypassing the filtering effect of the nose and by decreasing NO levels in the airways. Simple devices that promote nasal breathing during sleep may help prevent the common cold, suggesting potential benefits against coronavirus infection. In the absence of effective treatments against COVID-19, the alternative strategies proposed here should be considered and studied in more detail."}, {"pmid": 32524445, "title": "Covid-19: automatic detection from X-ray images utilizing transfer learning with convolutional neural networks.", "journal": "Phys Eng Sci Med", "authors": ["Apostolopoulos, Ioannis D", "Mpesiana, Tzani A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524445", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, a dataset of X-ray images from patients with common bacterial pneumonia, confirmed Covid-19 disease, and normal incidents, was utilized for the automatic detection of the Coronavirus\u00a0disease. The aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art convolutional neural network architectures proposed over\u00a0the recent years for medical image classification. Specifically, the procedure called Transfer Learning was adopted. With transfer learning, the detection of various abnormalities in small medical image datasets is an achievable target, often yielding remarkable results. The datasets utilized in this experiment are two. Firstly, a collection of 1427 X-ray images including 224 images with confirmed Covid-19 disease, 700 images with confirmed common bacterial pneumonia, and 504 images of normal conditions. Secondly, a dataset including 224 images with confirmed Covid-19 disease, 714 images with confirmed bacterial and viral pneumonia, and 504 images of normal conditions. The data was collected from the available X-ray images on public medical repositories. The results suggest that Deep Learning\u00a0with X-ray\u00a0imaging may extract significant biomarkers related to the Covid-19 disease, while the best accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity obtained is 96.78%, 98.66%, and 96.46% respectively. Since by now, all diagnostic tests show failure rates such as to raise concerns, the probability of incorporating X-rays into the diagnosis of the disease could be assessed by the medical community, based on the findings, while more research to evaluate the X-ray approach from different aspects may be conducted."}, {"pmid": 32216634, "title": "Faith, Politics and the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Turkish Response.", "journal": "Med Anthropol", "authors": ["Alyanak, Oguz"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216634", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216698, "pmcid": "PMC7191627", "title": "Elevated Plasmin(ogen) as a Common Risk Factor for COVID-19 Susceptibility.", "journal": "Physiol Rev", "authors": ["Ji, Hong-Long", "Zhao, Runzhen", "Matalon, Sadis", "Matthay, Michael A"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216698", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular illness, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and kidney dysfunction have worse clinical outcomes when infected with SARS-CoV-2, for unknown reasons. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence for the existence of elevated plasmin(ogen) in COVID-19 patients with these comorbid conditions. Plasmin, and other proteases, may cleave a newly inserted furin site in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2, extracellularly, which increases its infectivity and virulence. Hyperfibrinolysis associated with plasmin leads to elevated D-dimer in severe patients. The plasmin(ogen) system may prove a promising therapeutic target for combating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32329263, "title": "The Author's Response: A Lesson from Temporary Closing of a Single University-affiliated Hospital owing to In-Hospital Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lee, Heayon", "Heo, Jung Won", "Kim, Sei Won", "Lee, Jehoon", "Choi, Jung Hyun"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329263", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346678, "pmcid": "PMC7156792", "title": "Editorial: Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Gerontological Social Work.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Berg-Weger, M", "Morley, J E"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346678", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484130, "title": "COVID-19 associated central nervous system vasculopathy.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Matos, Ana Rita", "Quintas-Neves, Miguel", "Oliveira, Ana Isabel", "Dias, Luis", "Marques, Sofia", "Carvalho, Raquel", "Alves, Jose Nuno"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484130", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509535, "pmcid": "PMC7260501", "title": "Reducing transmission of COVID-19 using a continuous negative pressure operative field barrier during oral maxillofacial surgery.", "journal": "Oral Maxillofac Surg Cases", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Ciccarelli, Luis F", "Nilson, James", "Oreadi, Daniel", "Fakitsas, Dimitrios", "Sekhar, Pavan", "Quraishi, Sadeq A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Oral and maxillofacial surgery in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, presents a high risk of exposure and cross contamination to the operative room personnel. We designed, simulated and implemented a continue negative pressure operative field barrier to provide an additional layer of protection, using standard equipment readily available in most operative rooms during oral and maxillofacial procedures."}, {"pmid": 32503701, "pmcid": "PMC7151492", "title": "Specific Considerations for Sonographers When Performing Echocardiography during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Supplement to the American Society of Echocardiography Statement.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Mitchell, Carol", "Collins, Keith", "Hua, Lanqi", "McClanahan, Carlene", "Shea, Elaine", "Umland, Matthew", "Wasserman, Melissa"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503701", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sonographers need to be familiar with and prepared to implement strategies for reducing the risk of exposure to and transmission of the COVID-19 virus. Strategies to employ can be grouped into three broad categories: (1) whom to scan, (2) where to scan, and (3) how to scan. Whom to scan addresses sonographer strategies for determining essential and emergent scan status. Where to scan addresses sonographer practice strategies for selecting equipment, use of rooms, portable examinations, and training personnel. How to scan addresses the topics of scanning techniques (tailored protocols, right-handed scanning, use of barrier devices) and equipment cleaning and disinfecting."}, {"pmid": 32457036, "title": "ESMO management and treatment adapted recommendations in the COVID-19 era: colorectal cancer.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Vecchione, Loredana", "Stintzing, Sebastian", "Pentheroudakis, George", "Douillard, Jean-Yves", "Lordick, Florian"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457036", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic challenges health system capacities in many countries. National healthcare services have to manage unexpected shortage of healthcare resources that have to be reallocated according to the principles of fair and ethical prioritisation, in order to maintain the highest levels of care to all patients, ensure the safety of patients and healthcare workers and save as many lives as possible. Beyond that, cancer care services have to pursue restructuring, following the same evidence-based dispositions. In this article, we propose guidance to the management of colorectal cancer during the pandemic, prioritised according to a three-tiered framework, based on expert clinical judgement and magnitude of benefit expected from specific interventions. Since the availability of resources for diagnostic procedures, surgery and postoperative care, systemic therapy and radiotherapy may differ, authors did separate prioritisation analyses. The impact of postponing or abrogating cancer interventions on outcomes according to a high, medium or low priority scale, is outlined and discussed. The implementation of healthcare services using telemedicine is explored: it reveals itself as functional and effective for limiting patients' need to travel to centres and thereby has the potential to reduce diffusion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Colorectal cancer demands a considerable amount of medical resources. Therefore, the redefinition of its diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms with a rigorous method is crucial in order to ensure the highest quality of continuum of care in the broader context of the pandemic and the challenged healthcare systems."}, {"pmid": 32533322, "title": "Mixed central and peripheral nervous system disorders in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Chaumont, H", "San-Galli, A", "Martino, F", "Couratier, C", "Joguet, G", "Carles, M", "Roze, E", "Lannuzel, A"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533322", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224116, "pmcid": "PMC7138153", "title": "Do children need a longer time to shed SARS-CoV-2 in stool than adults?", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Ma, Xiang", "Su, Liang", "Zhang, Yunkui", "Zhang, Xiuzhen", "Gai, Zhongtao", "Zhang, Zhongfa"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224116", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 can be shed in the stool of patients in the recovery phase. Children show a longer shedding time than adults. We analyzed the possible causes of this finding and recommend that a negative stool sample be included in a patient's discharge criteria."}, {"pmid": 32303372, "pmcid": "PMC7142673", "title": "Will the status of infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals be improved in the context of COVID-19?", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Wang, Jiancong", "Liu, Fangfei", "Zhou, Mouqing", "Lee, Yew Fong"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303372", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503801, "title": "Does vitamin D deficiency increase the severity of COVID-19?", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Weir, E Kenneth", "Thenappan, Thenappan", "Bhargava, Maneesh", "Chen, Yingjie"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503801", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severity of coronavirus 2019 infection (COVID-19) is determined by the presence of pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), myocarditis, microvascular thrombosis and/or cytokine storms, all of which involve underlying inflammation. A principal defence against uncontrolled inflammation, and against viral infection in general, is provided by T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). Treg levels have been reported to be low in many COVID-19 patients and can be increased by vitamin D supplementation. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines and a significantly increased risk of pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in thrombotic episodes, which are frequently observed in COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to occur more frequently in patients with obesity and diabetes. These conditions are reported to carry a higher mortality in COVID-19. If vitamin D does in fact reduce the severity of COVID-19 in regard to pneumonia/ARDS, inflammation, inflammatory cytokines and thrombosis, it is our opinion that supplements would offer a relatively easy option to decrease the impact of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32479787, "pmcid": "PMC7259917", "title": "Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Yang, Kunyu", "Sheng, Yuhan", "Huang, Chaolin", "Jin, Yang", "Xiong, Nian", "Jiang, Ke", "Lu, Hongda", "Liu, Jing", "Yang, Jiyuan", "Dong, Youhong", "Pan, Dongfeng", "Shu, Chengrong", "Li, Jun", "Wei, Jielin", "Huang, Yu", "Peng, Ling", "Wu, Mengjiao", "Zhang, Ruiguang", "Wu, Bian", "Li, Yuhui", "Cai, Liqiong", "Li, Guiling", "Zhang, Tao", "Wu, Gang"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479787", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with cancer are a high-risk population in the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to describe clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with cancer and COVID-19, and examined risk factors for mortality in this population. We did a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study of 205 patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and with a pathological diagnosis of a malignant tumour in nine hospitals within Hubei, China, from Jan 13 to March 18, 2020. All patients were either discharged from hospitals or had died by April 20, 2020. Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and cancer histories were compared between survivors and non-survivors by use of \u03c72 test. Risk factors for mortality were identified by univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Between Jan 13 and Mar 18, 2020, 205 patients with cancer and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled (median age 63 years [IQR 56-70; range 14-96]; 109 [53%] women). 183 (89%) had solid tumours and 22 (11%) had haematological malignancies. The median duration of follow-up was 68 days (IQR 59-78). The most common solid tumour types were breast (40 [20%] patients), colorectal (28 [14%]), and lung cancer (24 [12%]). 54 (30%) of 182 patients received antitumour therapies within 4 weeks before symptom onset. 30 (15%) of 205 patients were transferred to an intensive care unit and 40 (20%) died during hospital admission. Patients with haematological malignancies had poorer prognoses than did those with solid tumours: nine (41%) of 22 patients with haematological malignancies died versus 31 (17%) of 183 patients with solid tumours (hazard ratio for death 3\u00b728 [95% CI 1\u00b756-6\u00b791]; log rank p=0\u00b70009). Multivariable regression analysis showed that receiving chemotherapy within 4 weeks before symptom onset (odds ratio [OR] 3\u00b751 [95% CI 1\u00b716-10\u00b759]; p=0\u00b7026) and male sex (OR 3\u00b786 [95% CI 1\u00b757-9\u00b750]; p=0\u00b70033) were risk factors for death during admission to hospital. Patients with cancer and COVID-19 who were admitted to hospital had a high case-fatality rate. Unfavourable prognostic factors, including receiving chemotherapy within 4 weeks before symptom onset and male sex, might help clinicians to identify patients at high risk of fatal outcomes. National Natural Science Foundation of China."}, {"pmid": 32473921, "pmcid": "PMC7255985", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine for Covid-19 - When the pandemic runs faster than research.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Frigerio, Maria"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473921", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387058, "pmcid": "PMC7177076", "title": "Treatment of primary and metastatic peritoneal tumors in the Covid-19 pandemic. Proposals for prioritization from the RENAPE and BIG-RENAPE groups.", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Glehen, O", "Kepenekian, V", "Bouche, O", "Gladieff, L", "Honore, C"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387058", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic is profoundly changing the organization of healthcare access. This is particularly so for peritoneal neoplastic diseases, for which curative treatment mobilizes substantial personnel, operating room and intensive care resources. The BIG-RENAPE and RENAPE groups have made tentative proposals for prioritizing care provision. A tightening of the usual selection criteria is needed for curative care: young patients with few or no comorbidities and limited peritoneal extension. It is desirable to prioritize disease conditions for which cytoreduction surgery with or without associated hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is the gold-standard treatment, and for which systemic chemotherapy cannot be a temporary or long-term alternative: pseudomyxoma peritonei, resectable malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas, peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin if they are resectable and unresponsive to systemic chemotherapy after up to 12 courses, first-line ovarian carcinomatosis if resectable or in interval surgery after at most six courses of systemic chemotherapy. Addition of HIPEC must be discussed case by case in an expert center. The prioritization of indications must consider local conditions and the phase of the epidemic to allow optimal peri-operative care."}, {"pmid": 32471765, "pmcid": "PMC7239791", "title": "Evolution of plastic surgery provision due to COVID-19 - The role of the 'Pandemic pack'.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Ali, Stephen R", "Jovic, Thomas", "Gibson, John Ag", "Rich, Harvey", "Jessop, Zita M", "Whitaker, Iain S"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471765", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444255, "pmcid": "PMC7236695", "title": "The Response of the UK Clinical Oncology Community to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Lewis, P J", "Roques, T W"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444255", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342336, "pmcid": "PMC7186114", "title": "Prevention and Control of COVID-19 in Chronic Kidney Disease.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Feng, Shipin", "Xie, Min", "Luo, Wei", "Wang, Li", "Guo, Limin", "Wu, Ying", "Liu, Jun", "Duan, Qinwei", "Yang, Qin", "Li, Jia", "Liu, Xi", "Zhu, Rong"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377375, "pmcid": "PMC7197635", "title": "Immune cell profiling of COVID-19 patients in the recovery stage by single-cell sequencing.", "journal": "Cell Discov", "authors": ["Wen, Wen", "Su, Wenru", "Tang, Hao", "Le, Wenqing", "Zhang, Xiaopeng", "Zheng, Yingfeng", "Liu, Xiuxing", "Xie, Lihui", "Li, Jianmin", "Ye, Jinguo", "Dong, Liwei", "Cui, Xiuliang", "Miao, Yushan", "Wang, Depeng", "Dong, Jiantao", "Xiao, Chuanle", "Chen, Wei", "Wang, Hongyang"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377375", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has recently affected over 1,200,000 people and killed more than 60,000. The key immune cell subsets change and their states during the course of COVID-19 remain unclear. We sought to comprehensively characterize the transcriptional changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the recovery stage of COVID-19 by single-cell RNA sequencing technique. It was found that T cells decreased remarkably, whereas monocytes increased in patients in the early recovery stage (ERS) of COVID-19. There was an increased ratio of classical CD14++ monocytes with high inflammatory gene expression as well as a greater abundance of CD14++IL1\u03b2+ monocytes in the ERS. CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells decreased significantly and expressed high levels of inflammatory genes in the ERS. Among the B cells, the plasma cells increased remarkably, whereas the na\u00efve B cells decreased. Several novel B cell-receptor (BCR) changes were identified, such as IGHV3-23 and IGHV3-7, and isotypes (IGHV3-15, IGHV3-30, and IGKV3-11) previously used for virus vaccine development were confirmed. The strongest pairing frequencies, IGHV3-23-IGHJ4, indicated a monoclonal state associated with SARS-CoV-2 specificity, which had not been reported yet. Furthermore, integrated analysis predicted that IL-1\u03b2 and M-CSF may be novel candidate target genes for inflammatory storm and that TNFSF13, IL-18, IL-2, and IL-4 may be beneficial for the recovery of COVID-19 patients. Our study provides the first evidence of an inflammatory immune signature in the ERS, suggesting COVID-19 patients are still vulnerable after hospital discharge. Identification of novel BCR signaling may lead to the development of vaccines and antibodies for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32321117, "pmcid": "PMC7153358", "title": "Management of inflammatory bowel disease patients in the COVID-19 pandemic era: a Brazilian tertiary referral center guidance.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Queiroz, Natalia Sousa Freitas", "Barros, Luisa Leite", "Azevedo, Matheus Freitas Cardoso de", "Oba, Jane", "Sobrado, Carlos Walter", "Carlos, Alexandre de Sousa", "Milani, Luciane Reis", "Sipahi, Aytan Miranda", "Damiao, Aderson Omar Mourao Cintra"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321117", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is fighting the COVID-19 outbreak and health workers, including inflammatory bowel diseases specialists, have been challenged to address the specific clinical issues of their patients. We hereby summarize the current literature in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients during the COVID-19 pandemic era that support the rearrangement of our IBD unit and the clinical advice provided to our patients."}, {"pmid": 32515983, "title": "Update Alert: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Chou, Roger", "Dana, Tracy", "Buckley, David I", "Selph, Shelley", "Fu, Rongwei", "Totten, Annette M"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515983", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473509, "pmcid": "PMC7245270", "title": "Zinc Iodide in combination with Dimethyl Sulfoxide for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Hoang, Ba X", "Hoang, Huy Q", "Han, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473509", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Zinc Iodide and Dimethyl Sulfoxide compositions are proposed as therapeutic agents to treat and prevent chronic and acute viral infections including SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The therapeutic combinations have a wide range of virucidal effects on DNA and RNA containing viruses. The combinations also exhibit anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, antifibrotic, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidative effects. Given the fact that Zinc Iodide has been used as an oral antiseptic agent and DMSO has been already proven as a safe pharmaceutical solvent and therapeutic agent, we hypothesize that the combination of these two agents can be applied as an effective, safe and inexpensive treatment for SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infection. The therapeutic compound can be applied as both etiological and pathogenesis therapy and used as an effective and safe antiseptic (disinfectant) for human and animals as well."}, {"pmid": 32304883, "pmcid": "PMC7156946", "title": "The differential psychological distress of populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Zhang, Jie", "Lu, Huipeng", "Zeng, Haiping", "Zhang, Shining", "Du, Qifeng", "Jiang, Tingyun", "Du, Baoguo"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304883", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487546, "title": "Covid-19 and ethnicity: it's too early to point to healthcare provider attitudes as a cause of poorer outcomes.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dimarco, Anthony D"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487546", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343396, "pmcid": "PMC7267330", "title": "Covid-19 may present with acute abdominal pain.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Saeed, U", "Sellevoll, H B", "Young, V S", "Sandbaek, G", "Glomsaker, T", "Mala, T"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343396", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387967, "pmcid": "PMC7189849", "title": "A single centre study of viral community-acquired pneumonia in children: No evidence of SARS-CoV-2 from October 2019 to March 2020.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Mancino, Enrica", "Cristiani, Luca", "Pierangeli, Alessandra", "Scagnolari, Carolina", "Nenna, Raffaella", "Petrarca, Laura", "Di Mattia, Greta", "La Regina, Domenico", "Frassanito, Antonella", "Oliveto, Giuseppe", "Viscido, Agnese", "Midulla, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387967", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. We described viral aetiologies, with particular interest in detecting SARS-CoV-2, in hospitalized pneumonia children. Human rhinovirus was the most frequently detected agent. No children tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection is rare in children and it was not circulating in Rome before COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32474800, "pmcid": "PMC7261213", "title": "Children's heart and COVID-19: Up-to-date evidence in the form of a systematic review.", "journal": "Eur J Pediatr", "authors": ["Sanna, Giulia", "Serrau, Gaia", "Bassareo, Pier Paolo", "Neroni, Paola", "Fanos, Vassilios", "Marcialis, Maria Antonietta"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474800", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus disease outbreak in 2019 (COVID-19) represents a dramatic challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. As to viral tropism, lungs are not the only COVID-19 target but also the heart may be involved in a not negligible percentage of the infected patients. Myocarditis-related cardiac dysfunction and potentially life-threatening arrhythmias are the main aftermaths. A few studies showed that myocardial injury in adult patients is often linked with a fatal outcome. Conversely, scientific evidence in children is sparse, although several reports were published with the description of a cardiac involvement in COVID-19 paediatric patients. In these young subjects, a background of surgically treated congenital heart disease seems to be a predisposing factor.Conclusion: This systematic review is aimed at summarizing all COVID-19 cases with a cardiac involvement published in paediatric age and trying to explain the underlying mechanisms responsible for COVID-19-related myocardial damage.What is Known:\u2022 Coronaviruses proved to be able to jump from animals to humans.\u2022 The outbreak of COVID-19 started from China (Dec 2019) and became pandemic.What is New:\u2022 Even in childhood, COVID-19 is not without the risk of cardiac involvement.\u2022 Myocarditis, heart failure, and arrhythmias are among the possible manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32179106, "pmcid": "PMC7102667", "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: what the department of endoscopy should know.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Repici, Alessandro", "Maselli, Roberta", "Colombo, Matteo", "Gabbiadini, Roberto", "Spadaccini, Marco", "Anderloni, Andrea", "Carrara, Silvia", "Fugazza, Alessandro", "Di Leo, Milena", "Galtieri, Piera Alessia", "Pellegatta, Gaia", "Ferrara, Elisa Chiara", "Azzolini, Elena", "Lagioia, Michele"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179106", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy recorded its first case of confirmed acute respiratory illness because of coronavirus on February 18, 2020, soon after the initial reports in China. Since that time, Italy and nations throughout the world have adopted very stringent and severe measures to protect populations from spread of infection. Despite these measures, the number of infected people is growing exponentially, with a significant number of patients developing acute respiratory insufficiency. Endoscopy departments face significant risk for diffusion of respiratory diseases that can be spread via an airborne route, including aspiration of oral and fecal material via endoscopes. The purpose of this article is to discuss the measures, with specific focus on personal protection equipment and dress code modalities, implemented in our hospital to prevent further dissemination of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32404808, "title": "Perfusion-ventilation imaging in an era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nucl Med Commun", "authors": ["Voo, Stefan", "Neriman, Deena", "Henry, Marc", "Kayani, Irfan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404808", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365703, "title": "Estimation of the Excess COVID-19 Cases in Seoul, South Korea by the Students Arriving from China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Ryu, Sukhyun", "Ali, Sheikh Taslim", "Lim, Jun-Sik", "Chun, Byung Chul"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365703", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: In March 2020, overall, 37,000 international students from China, a country at risk of the 2019-novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has arrived in Seoul, South Korea. Individuals from the country at risk of COVID-19 infection have been included in the Korean home-quarantine program, but the efficacy of the program is uncertain. Methods: To estimate the possible number of infected individuals within the large influx of international students from China, we used a deterministic compartmental model for epidemic and performed a simulation-based search of different rates of compliance with home-quarantine. Results: Under the home-quarantine program, the number of the infected individuals would reach 40-72 from 12 March-24 March with the arrival of 0.2% of pre-infectious individuals. Furthermore, the number of isolated individuals would peak at 40-64 from 13 March-27 March in Seoul, South Korea. Our findings indicated when incoming international students showed strict compliance with quarantine, epidemics by the international student from China were less likely to occur in Seoul, South Korea. Conclusions: To mitigate possible epidemics, additional efforts to improve the compliance of home-quarantine of the individuals from countries with the virus risk are warranted along with other containment policies."}, {"pmid": 32425251, "pmcid": "PMC7229723", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater anticipated COVID-19 occurrence in a low prevalence area.", "journal": "Water Res", "authors": ["Randazzo, Walter", "Truchado, Pilar", "Cuevas-Ferrando, Enric", "Simon, Pedro", "Allende, Ana", "Sanchez, Gloria"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425251", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than 200,000 reported COVID-19 cases in Spain resulting in more than 20,800 deaths as of April 21, 2020. Faecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from COVID-19 patients has extensively been reported. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in six wastewater treatments plants (WWTPs) serving the major municipalities within the Region of Murcia (Spain), the area with the lowest COVID-19 prevalence within Iberian Peninsula. Firstly, an aluminum hydroxide adsorption-precipitation concentration method was validated using a porcine coronavirus (Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, PEDV) and mengovirus (MgV). The procedure resulted in average recoveries of 10\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.5% and 10\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.1% in influent water (n\u00a0=\u00a02) and 3.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.6% and 6.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0% in effluent water (n\u00a0=\u00a02) samples for PEDV and MgV, respectively. Then, the method was used to monitor the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 from March 12 to April 14, 2020 in influent, secondary and tertiary effluent water samples. By using the real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) Diagnostic Panel validated by US CDC that targets three regions of the virus nucleocapsid (N) gene, we estimated quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA titers in untreated wastewater samples of 5.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2 log10 genomic copies/L on average. Two secondary water samples resulted positive (2 out of 18) and all tertiary water samples tested as negative (0 out 12). This environmental surveillance data were compared to declared COVID-19 cases at municipality level, revealing that members of the community were shedding SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their stool even before the first cases were reported by local or national authorities in many of the cities where wastewaters have been sampled. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in early stages of the spread of COVID-19 highlights the relevance of this strategy as an early indicator of the infection within a specific population. At this point, this environmental surveillance could be implemented by municipalities right away as a tool, designed to help authorities to coordinate the exit strategy to gradually lift its coronavirus lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32472593, "title": "Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a skin rash in a child.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Olisova, O Yu", "Anpilogova, E M", "Shnakhova, L M"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472593", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32092387, "pmcid": "PMC7126654", "title": "Clinical features of atypical 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia with an initially negative RT-PCR assay.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Hao, Wendong", "Li, Manxiang"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092387", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311498, "pmcid": "PMC7165103", "title": "The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Butler, Michael J", "Barrientos, Ruth M"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311498", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While all groups are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the elderly, underrepresented minorities, and those with underlying medical conditions are at the greatest risk. The high rate of consumption of diets high in saturated fats, sugars, and refined carbohydrates (collectively called Western diet, WD) worldwide, contribute to the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and could place these populations at an increased risk for severe COVID-19 pathology and mortality. WD consumption activates the innate immune system and impairs adaptive immunity, leading to chronic inflammation and impaired host defense against viruses. Furthermore, peripheral inflammation caused by COVID-19 may have long-term consequences in those that recover, leading to chronic medical conditions such as dementia and neurodegenerative disease, likely through neuroinflammatory mechanisms that can be compounded by an unhealthy diet. Thus, now more than ever, wider access to healthy foods should be a top priority and individuals should be mindful of healthy eating habits to reduce susceptibility to and long-term complications from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32506725, "title": "Dengue Fever, COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), and Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE): A Perspective.", "journal": "Cytometry A", "authors": ["Ulrich, Henning", "Pillat, Micheli M", "Tarnok, Attila"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506725", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and recurrent dengue epidemics in tropical countries have turned into a global health threat. While both virus-caused infections may only reveal light symptoms, they can also cause severe diseases. Here, we review the possible antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) occurrence, known for dengue infections, when there is a second infection with a different virus strain. Consequently, preexisting antibodies do not neutralize infection, but enhance it, possibly by triggering Fc\u03b3 receptor-mediated virus uptake. No clinical data exist indicating such mechanism for SARS-CoV-2, but previous coronavirus infections or infection of SARS-CoV-2 convalescent with different SARS-CoV-2 strains could promote ADE, as experimentally shown for antibodies against the MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV spike S protein. \u00a9 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry."}, {"pmid": 32475876, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: initial high resolution computed tomography imaging feature analysis: report of seven cases.", "journal": "Jpn J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Huang, Jie", "Ding, Jianping"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475876", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of reported cases of the new coronavirus disease named \"severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2\" (SARS-CoV-2) has increased since December 2019. The initial high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images of seven patients with diagnosed COVID-19 in the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, China, were collected and analyzed. The study showed that all patients had close contact with COVID-19 patient and presented with fever. The initial white blood cell counts of all patients were normal. The percentage of lymphocytes decreased in three patients. In all seven patients with COVID-19, ground glass opacity (GGO) was found in the HRCT images, mainly distributed in the subpleural region of the lungs. The HRCT scans of six patients showed bilateral lobar lesions, mainly peripheral subpleural distribution; one patients showed unilateral lobar involvement. The right lung was more extensively involved than the left lung in six patients, and the lower lobe was more extensively involved than the upper lobe in five patients. The initial chest HRCT images of the lungs of COVID-19 patients had specific characteristics; the typical manifestations of the bilateral lungs showed extensive GGO-type infiltrate, with thickened vascular bundles and focal center consolidation. Pleural effusion, bilateral hilar, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were rare."}, {"pmid": 32420831, "title": "Applying Gerontological Social Work Perspectives to the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Swinford, Emma", "Galucia, Natalie", "Morrow-Howell, Nancy"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420831", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social workers are familiar with the challenges brought on by the coronavirus pandemic; and we apply three gerontological social work perspectives that might increase our chances of minimizing negative outcomes and improving health and quality of life for everyone. First, the reality that the older population is very heterogeneous challenges ageism and age-stereotyping that has surfaced with COVID-19. Second, concepts of cumulative disadvantage and intersectionality offer clear explanations of the disparities that are being illuminated and lead us to advocate for fundamental changes to reduce disparities in later life and for people across the life course. Third, a strength-based perspective highlights the assets of the older population and the opportunities for positive developments coming out of the crisis. We can capitalize on momentum to increase advance care planning, to reduce social isolation, and expand the use of on-line technology for service provision. We can bolster our arguments to support older workers, volunteers, and caregivers. The fact that these social work perspectives are so applicable to the coronavirus situation reminds us of their fundamental relevance. Gerontological social work has much to offer in our roles as researchers, educators, practitioners, and advocates during this crisis, and our foundational principles serve us well."}, {"pmid": 32510879, "title": "Mania Precipitated by COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Stress.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Uvais, N A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510879", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299521, "title": "Environmental cleaning is effective for the eradication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in contaminated hospital rooms: A patient from the Diamond Princess cruise ship.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Hirotsu, Yosuke", "Maejima, Makoto", "Nakajima, Masumi", "Mochizuki, Hitoshi", "Omata, Masao"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299521", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203186, "pmcid": "PMC7091621", "title": "Elevated exhaustion levels and reduced functional diversity of T cells in peripheral blood may predict severe progression in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Zheng, Hong-Yi", "Zhang, Mi", "Yang, Cui-Xian", "Zhang, Nian", "Wang, Xi-Cheng", "Yang, Xin-Ping", "Dong, Xing-Qi", "Zheng, Yong-Tang"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203186", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517511, "title": "Post the Pandemic: How will COVID-19 Transform Diabetic Foot Disease Management?", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Najafi, Bijan"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517511", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470608, "pmcid": "PMC7255196", "title": "Letter to the Editor Regarding 'Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Neurosurgery: Literature and Neurosurgical Societies Recommendations Update'.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Marini, Alessandra", "Iacoangeli, Maurizio", "Dobran, Mauro"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470608", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302024, "pmcid": "PMC7262349", "title": "COVID-19 and ischemic heart disease emergencies: What cardiac surgery should expect?", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Pilato, Emanuele", "Manzo, Rachele", "Comentale, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302024", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307326, "pmcid": "PMC7162637", "title": "Continuing education in oral cancer during coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["da Cruz Perez, Danyel Elias", "Passos, Kamilla Karla Mauricio", "Machado, Renato Assis", "Martelli-Junior, Hercilio", "Bonan, Paulo Rogerio Ferreti"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307326", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356510, "title": "Covid-19 and public health.", "journal": "Perspect Public Health", "authors": ["Stanwell-Smith, Rosalind"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356510", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337328, "pmcid": "PMC7176944", "title": "Coronaviruses: A patent dataset report for research and development (R&D) analysis.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Machuca-Martinez, Fiderman", "Amado, Ruben Camargo", "Gutierrez, Oscar"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337328", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This work shows a patent database for Coronaviruses that provides an overview of the patenting activity and trends in focused antiviral therapy with the use of triazole based compounds, glycoprotein, and protease inhibitors as possible treatment. The patent data was obtained from Orbit Intelligence Software using a patent family structure to get a big database that could be used for built patent landscape report (PLR), market analysis, technical and competitive intelligence, and monitoring and survey of a new ideas for the treatment of coronavirus diseases. The raw data is reported in four databases, which were classified according to different items: legal status (alive, dead), 1st application year (after 2015, 2011-2015, 2006-2010, 2001-2005), and Top 5 International Patents Classifications (IPC). The main players, the investment trend, markets, geographical distribution, technology overview, technologies distribution, and patent citation are showed by this analysed data report."}, {"pmid": 32359919, "pmcid": "PMC7180348", "title": "COVID-19: The European institute of oncology as a \"hub\" centre for breast cancer surgery during the pandemic in Milan (Lombardy region, northern Italy) - A screenshot of the first month.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Vicini, Elisa", "Galimberti, Viviana", "Naninato, Paola", "Vento, Anna Rita", "Ribeiro Fontana, Sabrina Kahler", "Veronesi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359919", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250977, "pmcid": "PMC7173089", "title": "Your COVID-19 Intubation Kit.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Lopez, Roberto A", "Anthony, Adrian", "Zuo, Leila", "Enomoto, T Miko", "Aziz, Michael F"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250977", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531040, "title": "Association between renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and COVID-19 complications.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Liabeuf, Sophie", "Moragny, Julien", "Bennis, Youssef", "Batteux, Benjamin", "Brochot, Etienne", "Schmit, Jean Luc", "Lanoix, Jean-Philippe", "Andrejak, Claire", "Ganry, Olivier", "Slama, Michel", "Maizel, Julien", "Mahjoub, Yazine", "Masmoudi, Kamel", "Gras-Champel, Valerie"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531040", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (including their long-term at-home medication use), and compare them with regard to the course of the disease. To assess the association between renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASIs) and disease progression and critical outcomes. All consecutive hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in a university hospital in Amiens (France) were included in this study. The primary composite endpoint was admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) or death before ICU admission. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with the composite endpoint. Between 28 February 2020 and 30 March 2020, a total of 499 local patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Of these, 231 were not hospitalized {males 33%; median [interquartile range (IQR)] age: 44 (32-54)}, and 268 were hospitalized [males 58%; median (IQR) age: 73 (61-84)]. A total of 116 patients met the primary endpoint: 47 died before ICU admission, and 69 were admitted to the ICU. Patients meeting the primary endpoint were more likely than patients not meeting the primary endpoint to have coronary heart disease and to have been taking RASIs; however, the two subsets of patients did not differ with regard to median age. After adjustment for other associated variables, the risk of meeting the composite endpoint was 1.73 times higher (odds ratio 1.73, 95% confidence interval 1.02-2.93) in patients treated at baseline with a RASI than in patients not treated with this drug class. This association was confirmed when the analysis was restricted to patients treated with antihypertensive agents. We highlighted a potential safety signal for RASIs, the long-term use of which was independently associated with a higher risk of severe COVID-19 and a poor outcome. Due to the widespread use of this important drug class, formal proof based on clinical trials is needed to better understand the association between RASIs and complications of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32337154, "pmcid": "PMC7174824", "title": "Editorial JTH 16 -The Coronavirus Disease COVID-19 and implications for transport and health.", "journal": "J Transp Health", "authors": ["Musselwhite, Charles", "Avineri, Erel", "Susilo, Yusak"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337154", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284798, "pmcid": "PMC7136675", "title": "How should front-line general practitioners use personal protective equipment (PPE)?", "journal": "Malays Fam Physician", "authors": ["Ambigapathy, S", "Rajahram, G S", "Shamsudin, U K", "Khoo, E M", "Cheah, W K", "Peariasamy, K M", "Goh, P P", "Khor, S K"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284798", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak continues to evolve with the number of cases increasing in Malaysia, placing a significant burden on general practitioners (GPs) to assess and manage suspected cases. GPs must be well equipped with knowledge to set up their clinics, use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) appropriately, adopt standard protocols on triaging and referrals, as well as educate patients about PPE. The correct use of PPE will help GPs balance between personal safety and appropriate levels of public concern."}, {"pmid": 32386027, "title": "Unprecedented action has been taken to contain the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 in China.", "journal": "Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Wu, Tong", "Hu, Erya", "Zeng, Wenhui", "Zhang, Hanqi", "Xue, Xiaoran", "Ma, Jian"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386027", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, has posed significant threats to international health. By Feb. 20, 2020, 74 576 cases have been confirmed and over 2 118 deaths have reported in the Chinese mainland. Chinese administrations have carried out immediate and prompt measures to stop the spread of the virus. Wuhan city has been shut down since Jan. 23, and more than 30 thousand medical workers have been recruited to Hubei province. Two temporary hospitals were constructed to treat severe pneumonia patients, and 15 mobile cabin hospitals were built to treat mild pneumonia cases. Significant improvement regarding the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and diagnosis and therapy for the COVID-19 has been achieved to stop the spread of the epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32311762, "pmcid": "PMC7264674", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: a new aetiology for atypical lymphocytes.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Gerard, Delphine", "Henry, Sylvain", "Thomas, Benoit"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311762", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525548, "title": "Assessment of Hypokalemia and Clinical Characteristics in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wenzhou, China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Chen, Dong", "Li, Xiaokun", "Song, Qifa", "Hu, Chenchan", "Su, Feifei", "Dai, Jianyi", "Ye, Yinghai", "Huang, Jianping", "Zhang, Xiaoming"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525548", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has caused a global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 of the rennin-angiotensin system, resulting in hypokalemia. To investigate the prevalence, causes, and clinical implications of hypokalemia, including its possible association with treatment outcomes, among patients with COVID-19. This cohort study was conducted at Wenzhou Central Hospital and Sixth People's Hospital of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China, from January 11, 2020, to February 15, 2020. Participants included patients who received a diagnosis of COVID-19 according to the criteria issued by the Chinese Health Bureau and were admitted to the hospital. The patients were classified as having severe hypokalemia (plasma potassium <3 mmol/L), hypokalemia (plasma potassium 3-3.5 mmol/L), and normokalemia (plasma potassium >3.5 mmol/L). The clinical features, therapy, and outcomes were compared between the 3 groups. Data analysis was conducted in March 2020. The patients were given general support and antiviral therapy. Their epidemiological and clinical features were collected. The prevalence of hypokalemia and response to treatment with potassium supplements were measured by analyzing plasma and urine potassium levels. One hundred seventy-five patients (87 female patients [50%]; mean [SD] age, 45\u2009[14] years) were classified as having severe hypokalemia (31 patients [18%]), hypokalemia (64 patients [37%]), and normokalemia (80 patients [46%]). Patients with severe hypokalemia had statistically significantly higher body temperature (mean [SD], 37.6 \u00b0C [0.9 \u00b0C]) than the patients with hypokalemia (mean [SD],\u200937.2 \u00b0C\u2009[0.7 \u00b0C]; difference, 0.4 \u00b0C; 95% CI, 0.2-0.6 \u00b0C; P\u2009=\u2009.02) and the patients with normokalemia (mean [SD],\u200937.1 \u00b0C\u2009[0.8 \u00b0C]; difference, 0.5 \u00b0C; 95% CI, 0.3-0.7 \u00b0C; P\u2009=\u2009.005). Patients with higher levels of hypokalemia also had higher creatine kinase levels (severe hypokalemia, mean [SD], 200\u2009[257] U/L [median, 113 U/L; interquartile range {IQR}, 61-242 U/L]; hypokalemia, mean [SD], 97\u2009[85] U/L; and normokalemia, mean [SD], 82\u2009[57] U/L), higher creatine kinase-MB fraction (severe hypokalemia, mean [SD], 32\u2009[39] U/L [median, 14 U/L; IQR, 11-36 U/L]; hypokalemia, mean [SD], 18\u2009[15] U/L; and normokalemia, mean [SD], 15\u2009[8] U/L), higher lactate dehydrogenase levels (mean [SD], severe hypokalemia, 256\u2009[88] U/L; hypokalemia, 212\u2009[59] U/L; and normokalemia, 199\u2009[61] U/L), and higher C-reactive protein levels (severe hypokalemia, mean [SD], 29\u2009[23] mg/L; hypokalemia, mean [SD], 18\u2009[20] mg/L [median, 12, mg/L; IQR, 4-25 mg/L]; and normokalemia, mean [SD], 15\u2009[18] mg/L [median, 6 U/L; IQR, 3-17 U/L]). Of 40 severely and critically ill patients, 34 (85%) had hypokalemia. Patients with severe hypokalemia were given potassium at a dose of 40 mEq per day, for a total mean (SD) of 453 (53) mEq potassium chloride, during the hospital stay. The patients responded well to potassium supplements as they recovered. The correction of hypokalemia is challenging because of continuous renal potassium loss resulting from the degradation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The high prevalence of hypokalemia among patients with COVID-19 suggests the presence of disordered rennin-angiotensin system activity, which increases as a result of reduced counteractivity of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which is bound by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2."}, {"pmid": 32513650, "title": "Monitoring of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Holubar, Jan", "Le Quintrec, Moglie", "Letaief, Hind", "Faillie, Jean Luc", "Pers, Yves-Marie", "Jorgensen, Christian"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513650", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501850, "title": "Potential impact of COVID-19 in people living with HIV: experience from previous 21st century coronaviruses epidemics.", "journal": "AIDS", "authors": ["Dauby, Nicolas"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398567, "title": "Gaining resilience and reducing stress in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Curr Opin Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Lupe, Stephen E", "Keefer, Laurie", "Szigethy, Eva"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398567", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is experiencing the evolving situation associated with the outbreak of the Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) virus, and there is more of need than ever for stress management and self-care. In this article, we will define the physiological, psychological and social aspects, stages, and components of stress reactions in the context of COVID-19, review the relevant literature on stress reactions, and offer some guidance on how to help patients mitigate the physiological and psychological impact of the pandemic through resilience-building techniques. There is continued evidence that the fight or flight response involves activation throughout the body at physiological, biochemical and immune levels. This response can be mitigated through increasing parasympathetic nervous system activation as well as cognitive and behavioral interventions. This article will review the stress, provide a theoretical layout to predict upcoming response, and offer clinicians some practical interventions to employ as the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic continues."}, {"pmid": 32354367, "pmcid": "PMC7191969", "title": "Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) as an early predictor of severe respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Rovina, Nikoletta", "Akinosoglou, Karolina", "Eugen-Olsen, Jesper", "Hayek, Salim", "Reiser, Jochen", "Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354367", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432897, "title": "Reply: COVID-19 Lung Injury and \"Typical\" ARDS: The Danger of Presumed Equivalency.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Luks, Andrew M", "Swenson, Erik R"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432897", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330277, "title": "Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Borba, Mayla Gabriela Silva", "Val, Fernando Fonseca Almeida", "Sampaio, Vanderson Souza", "Alexandre, Marcia Almeida Araujo", "Melo, Gisely Cardoso", "Brito, Marcelo", "Mourao, Maria Paula Gomes", "Brito-Sousa, Jose Diego", "Baia-da-Silva, Djane", "Guerra, Marcus Vinitius Farias", "Hajjar, Ludhmila Abrahao", "Pinto, Rosemary Costa", "Balieiro, Antonio Alcirley Silva", "Pacheco, Antonio Guilherme Fonseca", "Santos, James Dean Oliveira Jr", "Naveca, Felipe Gomes", "Xavier, Mariana Simao", "Siqueira, Andre Machado", "Schwarzbold, Alexandre", "Croda, Julio", "Nogueira, Mauricio Lacerda", "Romero, Gustavo Adolfo Sierra", "Bassat, Quique", "Fontes, Cor Jesus", "Albuquerque, Bernardino Claudio", "Daniel-Ribeiro, Claudio-Tadeu", "Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo", "Lacerda, Marcus Vinicius Guimaraes"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330277", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is no specific antiviral therapy recommended for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In vitro studies indicate that the antiviral effect of chloroquine diphosphate (CQ) requires a high concentration of the drug. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 CQ dosages in patients with severe COVID-19. This parallel, double-masked, randomized, phase IIb clinical trial with 81 adult patients who were hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was conducted from March 23 to April 5, 2020, at a tertiary care facility in Manaus, Brazilian Amazon. Patients were allocated to receive high-dosage CQ (ie, 600 mg CQ twice daily for 10 days) or low-dosage CQ (ie, 450 mg twice daily on day 1 and once daily for 4 days). Primary outcome was reduction in lethality by at least 50% in the high-dosage group compared with the low-dosage group. Data presented here refer primarily to safety and lethality outcomes during treatment on day 13. Secondary end points included participant clinical status, laboratory examinations, and electrocardiogram results. Outcomes will be presented to day 28. Viral respiratory secretion RNA detection was performed on days 0 and 4. Out of a predefined sample size of 440 patients, 81 were enrolled (41 [50.6%] to high-dosage group and 40 [49.4%] to low-dosage group). Enrolled patients had a mean (SD) age of 51.1 (13.9) years, and most (60 [75.3%]) were men. Older age (mean [SD] age, 54.7 [13.7] years vs 47.4 [13.3] years) and more heart disease (5 of 28 [17.9%] vs 0) were seen in the high-dose group. Viral RNA was detected in 31 of 40 (77.5%) and 31 of 41 (75.6%) patients in the low-dosage and high-dosage groups, respectively. Lethality until day 13 was 39.0% in the high-dosage group (16 of 41) and 15.0% in the low-dosage group (6 of 40). The high-dosage group presented more instance of QTc interval greater than 500 milliseconds (7 of 37 [18.9%]) compared with the low-dosage group (4 of 36 [11.1%]). Respiratory secretion at day 4 was negative in only 6 of 27 patients (22.2%). The preliminary findings of this study suggest that the higher CQ dosage should not be recommended for critically ill patients with COVID-19 because of its potential safety hazards, especially when taken concurrently with azithromycin and oseltamivir. These findings cannot be extrapolated to patients with nonsevere COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04323527."}, {"pmid": 32277757, "pmcid": "PMC7184454", "title": "Letter: Strategies for Prevention and Control of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection Among Medical Staff.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Wang, Xuan", "Wang, Min-Jie", "Jiang, Xiao-Bing", "Wang, Hai-Jun", "Zhao, Hong-Yang"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328595, "title": "Dental care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: operatory considerations and clinical aspects.", "journal": "Quintessence Int", "authors": ["Abramovitz, Itzhak", "Palmon, Aaron", "Levy, David", "Karabucak, Bekir", "Kot-Limon, Nurit", "Shay, Boaz", "Kolokythas, Antonia", "Almoznino, Galit"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328595", "countries": ["United States", "Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper is aimed at addressing the urgent need to develop a protocol that will address the operatory and clinical aspects of dental care during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The epidemiology, clinical signs and symptoms, and modes of transmission of COVID-19 are presented. This protocol was established as an international collaboration of three dental universities: Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Israel; University of Rochester Medical Center, USA; and the University of Pennsylvania, USA. This protocol is based on a detailed review of the existing English language literature as well on the logistic and clinical experience of each facility and the opinion of the authors. The protocol is designed for a hospital setting and includes considerations related to dental treatment in both healthy subjects and those suspected or diagnosed with COVID-19. The first part of this review discusses operatory considerations; the second part discusses general dental clinical aspects; the third part discusses endodontic considerations; and the fourth part discusses surgical aspects. This protocol may be applicable to other future similar pandemics. Logistic and clinical steps are required to provide dental care during the COVID-19 outbreak while preventing cross-contamination and protecting the dental team during the provision of care."}, {"pmid": 32397870, "title": "YouTube as a source of medical information on the novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Glob Public Health", "authors": ["D'Souza, Ryan S", "D'Souza, Shawn", "Strand, Natalie", "Anderson, Alexandra", "Vogt, Matthew N P", "Olatoye, Oludare"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397870", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Media coverage on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been extensive, yet large gaps remain in our understanding of the role of social media platforms during worldwide health crisis. The purpose of this study was to assess the most viewed YouTube videos on COVID-19 for medical content. We coded video characteristics, source, and medical content of the 113 most-widely viewed videos about COVID-19. Seventy-nine (69.9%) videos were classified as useful, and 10 (8.8%) videos were classified as misleading. Independent users were more likely to post misleading videos than useful videos (60.0% vs 21.5%, P\u2009=\u20090.009). News agencies were more likely to post useful videos than misleading videos (72.2% vs 40.0%, P\u2009=\u20090.039). Useful videos were more likely to present any information on prevalence or incidence (79.7% vs 20.0%, P\u2009<\u20090.001), as well as information on outcomes or prognosis (84.8% vs 30.0%, P\u2009<\u20090.001) compared to misleading videos. The World Health Organization contributed one useful video (1.3%), while no videos from the Center for Disease Control were included. Although YouTube generally is a useful source of medical information on the COVID-19 pandemic, increased efforts to disseminate accurate information from reputable sources is desired to help mitigate disease spread and decrease unnecessary panic in the general population."}, {"pmid": 32425325, "pmcid": "PMC7231489", "title": "Intra-arterial thrombosis associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Hamilton, Kirsten Victoria", "Hussey, Keith Kelso"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425325", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366769, "pmcid": "PMC7219836", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic highlights shortcomings in U.S. healthcare informatics infrastructure: a call to action.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["O'Reilly-Shah, Vikas N", "Gentry, Katherine R", "Van Cleve, Wil", "Kendale, Samir M", "Jabaley, Craig S", "Long, Dustin R"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366769", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324530, "title": "Coronavirus Disease Outbreak in Call Center, South Korea.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Park, Shin Young", "Kim, Young-Man", "Yi, Seonju", "Lee, Sangeun", "Na, Baeg-Ju", "Kim, Chang Bo", "Kim, Jung-Il", "Kim, Hea Sook", "Kim, Young Bok", "Park, Yoojin", "Huh, In Sil", "Kim, Hye Kyung", "Yoon, Hyung Jun", "Jang, Hanaram", "Kim, Kyungnam", "Chang, Yeonhwa", "Kim, Inhye", "Lee, Hyeyoung", "Gwack, Jin", "Kim, Seong Sun", "Kim, Miyoung", "Kweon, Sanghui", "Choe, Young June", "Park, Ok", "Park, Young Joon", "Jeong, Eun Kyeong"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324530", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the epidemiology of a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in a call center in South Korea. We obtained information on demographic characteristics by using standardized epidemiologic investigation forms. We performed descriptive analyses and reported the results as frequencies and proportions for categoric variables. Of 1,143 persons who were tested for COVID-19, a total of 97 (8.5%, 95% CI 7.0%-10.3%) had confirmed cases. Of these, 94 were working in an 11th-floor call center with 216 employees, translating to an attack rate of 43.5% (95% CI 36.9%-50.4%). The household secondary attack rate among symptomatic case-patients was 16.2% (95% CI 11.6%- 22.0%). Of the 97 persons with confirmed COVID-19, only 4 (1.9%) remained asymptomatic within 14 days of quarantine, and none of their household contacts acquired secondary infections. Extensive contact tracing, testing all contacts, and early quarantine blocked further transmission and might be effective for containing rapid outbreaks in crowded work settings."}, {"pmid": 32474594, "title": "From Easing Lockdowns to Scaling-Up Community-Based COVID-19 Screening, Testing, and Contact Tracing in Africa - Shared Approaches, Innovations, and Challenges to Minimize Morbidity and Mortality.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nachega, Jean B", "Grimwood, Ashraf", "Mahomed, Hassan", "Fatti, Geoffrey", "Preiser, Wolfgang", "Kallay, Oscar", "Mbala, Placide K", "Muyembe, Jean-Jacques T", "Rwagasore, Edson", "Nsanzimana, Sabin", "Ngamije, Daniel", "Condo, Jeanine", "Sidat, Mohsin", "Noormahomed, Emilia V", "Reid, Michael", "Lukeni, Beatrice", "Suleman, Fatima", "Mteta, Alfred", "Zumla, Alimuddin"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474594", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The arrival of COVID-19 to the African continent resulted in a range of locally relevant lockdown measures, which curtailed the spread of SARS-CoV-2 but caused economic hardship for large sections of the population.\u00a0African countries now face difficult choices regarding easing of lockdowns and sustaining effective public health control measures and surveillance.\u00a0 Control of the COVID-19 pandemic will require efficient community screening, testing, contact tracing, and behavioral change interventions, adequate resources, and a well-supported, community-based team of trained, protected personnel.\u00a0 We discuss COVID-19 screening-testing-contact tracing approaches used in selected African countries and the need for shared, affordable, innovative methods to overcome challenges and minimize mortality rates. This crisis presents a unique opportunity to align COVID-19 services with those already in place for HIV, TB, Malaria, and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) through mobilization of Africa's inter-professional healthcare workforce to contain the pandemic. By addressing the challenges, the detrimental effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on African citizens can be minimized."}, {"pmid": 32292248, "pmcid": "PMC7118609", "title": "NetNCSP: Nonoverlapping closed sequential pattern mining.", "journal": "Knowl Based Syst", "authors": ["Wu, Youxi", "Zhu, Changrui", "Li, Yan", "Guo, Lei", "Wu, Xindong"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292248", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sequential pattern mining (SPM) has been applied in many fields. However, traditional SPM neglects the pattern repetition in sequence. To solve this problem, gap constraint SPM was proposed and can avoid finding too many useless patterns. Nonoverlapping SPM, as a branch of gap constraint SPM, means that any two occurrences cannot use the same sequence letter in the same position as the occurrences. Nonoverlapping SPM can make a balance between efficiency and completeness. The frequent patterns discovered by existing methods normally contain redundant patterns. To reduce redundant patterns and improve the mining performance, this paper adopts the closed pattern mining strategy and proposes a complete algorithm, named Nettree for Nonoverlapping Closed Sequential Pattern (NetNCSP) based on the Nettree structure. NetNCSP is equipped with two key steps, support calculation and closeness determination. A backtracking strategy is employed to calculate the nonoverlapping support of a pattern on the corresponding Nettree, which reduces the time complexity. This paper also proposes three kinds of pruning strategies, inheriting, predicting, and determining. These pruning strategies are able to find the redundant patterns effectively since the strategies can predict the frequency and closeness of the patterns before the generation of the candidate patterns. Experimental results show that NetNCSP is not only more efficient but can also discover more closed patterns with good compressibility. Furtherly, in biological experiments NetNCSP mines the closed patterns in SARS-CoV-2 and SARS viruses. The results show that the two viruses are of similar pattern composition with different combinations."}, {"pmid": 32415626, "pmcid": "PMC7227175", "title": "Guidance and best practices for nuclear cardiology laboratories during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC and SNMMI.", "journal": "J Nucl Cardiol", "authors": ["Skali, Hicham", "Murthy, Venkatesh L", "Al-Mallah, Mouaz H", "Bateman, Tim M", "Beanlands, Rob", "Better, Nathan", "Calnon, Dennis A", "Dilsizian, Vasken", "Gimelli, Alessia", "Pagnanelli, Robert", "Polk, Donna M", "Soman, Prem", "Thompson, Randall C", "Einstein, Andrew J", "Dorbala, Sharmila"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415626", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492759, "title": "Ethical Framework for Nutrition Support Resource Allocation During Shortages: Lessons From COVID-19.", "journal": "Nutr Clin Pract", "authors": ["Barrocas, Albert", "Schwartz, Denise Baird", "Hasse, Jeanette M", "Seres, David S", "Mueller, Charles M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492759", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted all aspects of our population. The \"Troubling Trichotomy\" of what can be done technologically, what should be done ethically, and what must be done legally is a reality during these unusual circumstances. Recent ethical considerations regarding allocation of scarce resources, such as mechanical ventilators, have been proposed. These can apply to other disciplines such as nutrition support, although decisions regarding nutrition support have a diminished potential for devastating outcomes. The principal values and goals leading to an ethical framework for a uniform, fair, and objective approach are reviewed in this article, with a focus on nutrition support. Some historical aspects of shortages in nutrition supplies and products during normal circumstances, as well as others during national crises, are outlined. The development and implementation of protocols using a scoring system seems best addressed by multidisciplinary ethics and triage committees with synergistic but disparate functions. Triage committees should alleviate the burdens of unilateral decisions by the healthcare team caring for patients. The treating team should make every attempt to have patients and the public at large update or execute/develop advance directives. Legal considerations, as the third component of the Troubling Trichotomy, are of some concern when rationing care. The likelihood that criminal or civil charges could be brought against individual healthcare professionals or institutions can be minimized, if fair protocols are uniformly applied and deliberations well documented."}, {"pmid": 32320273, "title": "Navigating Healthcare Supply Shortages During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cardiologist's Perspective.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Khot, Umesh N"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320273", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350559, "pmcid": "PMC7190372", "title": "Is there a role for lung perfusion [(99m)Tc]-MAA SPECT/CT to rule out pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients with contraindications for iodine contrast?", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Burger, Irene A", "Niemann, Tilo", "Patriki, Dimitri", "Fontana, Francois", "Beer, Jurg-Hans"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350559", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387139, "pmcid": "PMC7200379", "title": "A Dual-Center Observational Review of Hospital-Based Palliative Care in Patients Dying With COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Turner, Jennifer", "Eliot Hodgson, Luke", "Leckie, Todd", "Eade, Lisa", "Ford-Dunn, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387139", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put significant strain on all aspects of health care delivery, including palliative care services. Given the high mortality from this disease, particularly in the more vulnerable members of society, it is important to examine how best to deliver a high standard of end-of-life care during this crisis. This case series collected data from two acute hospitals examining the management of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who subsequently died (n\u00a0=\u00a036) and compared this with national and local end-of-life audit data for all other deaths. Our results demonstrated a shorter dying phase (38.25\u00a0hours vs. 74\u00a0hours) and higher rates of syringe driver use (72% vs. 33% in local audits), although with similar average mediation doses. Of note was the significant heterogeneity in the phenotype of deterioration in the dying phase, two distinct patterns emerged, with one group demonstrating severe illness with a short interval between symptom onset and death and another group presenting with a more protracted deterioration. This brief report suggests a spectrum of mode of dying. Overall, the cohort reflects previously described experiences, with increased frailty (median Clinical Frailty Scale score of 5) and extensive comorbidity burden. This brief report provides clinicians with a contemporaneous overview of our experience, knowledge, and pattern recognition when caring for people with COVID-19 and highlights the value of proactive identification of patients and risk of deterioration and palliation."}, {"pmid": 32275804, "pmcid": "PMC7207161", "title": "Why does Japan have so few cases of COVID-19?", "journal": "EMBO Mol Med", "authors": ["Iwasaki, Akiko", "Grubaugh, Nathan D"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275804", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has spread to many countries around the world, but the infection and death rates vary widely. One country that appeared to have kept the infection under control despite limited societal restrictions is Japan. This commentary explores why Japan may have, up to now, been spared an escalation of the SARS-CoV-2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32294238, "pmcid": "PMC7235524", "title": "Concerns related to COVID-19 pandemic among patients with inflammatory bowel disease and its influence on patient management.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Bodini, Giorgia", "Demarzo, Maria Giulia", "Casagrande, Edoardo", "De Maria, Costanza", "Kayali, Stefano", "Ziola, Sebastiano", "Giannini, Edoardo G"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294238", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385628, "pmcid": "PMC7210099", "title": "Systematic review of the prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China: could nicotine be a therapeutic option?", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Farsalinos, Konstantinos", "Barbouni, Anastasia", "Niaura, Raymond"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385628", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effects of smoking on Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in China, considering the high-population smoking prevalence in China (26.6%). A systematic review of the literature (PubMed) was performed on April 1. Thirteen studies examining the clinical characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China and presenting data on the smoking status were found. The pooled prevalence of current smoking from all studies was calculated by random-effect meta-analysis. To address the possibility that some smokers had quit shortly before hospitalization and were classified as former smokers on admission to the hospital, we performed a secondary analysis in which all former smokers were classified as current smokers. A total of 5960 patients were included in the studies identified. The current smoking prevalence ranged from 1.4% (95% CI 0.0-3.4%) to 12.6% (95% CI 10.6-14.6%). An unusually low prevalence of current smoking was observed from the pooled analysis (6.5%, 95% CI 4.9-8.2%) as compared to population smoking prevalence in China. The secondary analysis, classifying former smokers as current smokers, found a pooled estimate of 7.3% (95% CI 5.7-8.9%). In conclusion, an unexpectedly low prevalence of current smoking was observed among patients with COVID-19 in China, which was approximately 1/4th the population smoking prevalence. Although the generalized advice to quit smoking as a measure to reduce health risk remains valid, the findings, together with the well-established immunomodulatory effects of nicotine, suggest that pharmaceutical nicotine should be considered as a potential treatment option in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32533874, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and Zagreb earthquakes as stressors in patients with temporomandibular disorders.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Vrbanovic, Ema", "Alajbeg, Iva Z", "Alajbeg, Ivan"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533874", "countries": ["Croatia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Stress refers to situations in which one feels that the demands imposed on them exceed the limitations of their ability to adapt. This causes a series of adverse consequences among which is compromised health (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984). On 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the pandemic status of COVID-19 diseases, leading to the European Union states imposing the lockdown, Croatia being one among them. Infection prevention became the nation's most important goal, and people had to change their day-to-day habits."}, {"pmid": 32320384, "pmcid": "PMC7202482", "title": "Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody levels in convalescent plasma of six donors who have recovered from COVID-19.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Zhang, Libo", "Pang, Rongrong", "Xue, Xiang", "Bao, Jingjing", "Ye, Sheng", "Dai, Yudong", "Zheng, Yishan", "Fu, Qiang", "Hu, Zhiliang", "Yi, Yongxiang"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320384", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody levels in convalescent plasma (CP), which may be useful in severe Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus infections, have been rarely reported. A total of eight donors were considered for enrollment; two of them were excluded because of ineligible routine check. Of the six remaining participants, five samples were tested weakly positive by the IgM ELISA. Meanwhile, high titers of IgG were observed in five samples. The patient treated with CP did not require mechanical ventilation 11 days after plasma transfusion, and was then transferred to a general ward. Our serological findings in convalescent plasma from recovered patients may help facilitate understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and establish CP donor screening protocol in COVID-19 outbreak. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies including IgM and IgG were measured by two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in convalescent plasma from six donors who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nanjing, China. CP was also utilized for the treatment of one severe COVID-19 patient."}, {"pmid": 32423583, "pmcid": "PMC7200129", "title": "Acute limb ischaemia in two young, non-atherosclerotic patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Perini, Paolo", "Nabulsi, Bilal", "Massoni, Claudio Bianchini", "Azzarone, Matteo", "Freyrie, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423583", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320324, "title": "COVID-19 and Diabetic Foot: Will the Lamp Burn Bright?", "journal": "Int J Low Extrem Wounds", "authors": ["Papanas, Nikolaos", "Papachristou, Stella"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320324", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436446, "title": "Older Workers on the COVID-19-Frontlines without Paid Sick Leave.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Ghilarducci, Teresa", "Farmand, Aida"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436446", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of COVID-19 has left many workers around the world - workers in food distribution, truckers, janitors, and home and personal health care workers - deeply concerned about contracting the virus from exposure at work. In particular, older workers in frontline occupations are vulnerable to illness and to the deadly and debilitating effects of COVID-19, especially with inadequate protective gear and inadequate sick leave. In the absence of strong unions, which ensure that employers provide workers with accurate information, robust training, adequate equipment, and paid leave in the event of quarantines or illness, the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for additional legislation to shore up worker protections and provide paid sick leave."}, {"pmid": 32506525, "title": "Cutaneous lupus erythematosus patients in a high-epidemic COVID-19 area, Bergamo, Italy.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Vezzoli, Pamela", "Di Mercurio, Marco", "Carugno, Andrea", "Gambini, Daniele Mario", "Robustelli Test, Elisa", "Imberti, Gianlorenzo", "Castagna, Angelo Francesco", "Sena, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506525", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391741, "title": "CT Scans Obtained for Nonpulmonary Indications: Associated Respiratory Findings of COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Hossain, Rydhwana", "Lazarus, Matthew S", "Roudenko, Alexandra", "Dako, Farouk", "Mehta, Varun", "Alis, Jonathan", "Zalta, Benjamin", "Lei, Brandon", "Haramati, Linda B", "White, Charles S"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391741", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Atypical manifestations of COVID-19 are being encountered as the pandemic unfolds, leading to non-chest CT scans that may uncover unsuspected pulmonary disease. Purpose To investigate patients with primary non-respiratory symptoms who underwent abdomen/pelvis or cervical spine/neck CT with unsuspected findings highly suspicious for pulmonary COVID-19. Materials and Methods This retrospective study from March 10, 2020 to April 6, 2020 involved three institutions, two in a region considered a hotspot (area of high prevalence) for COVID-19. Patients without known COVID-19 were included who presented to the emergency room (ER) with primary non-respiratory [gastrointestinal (GI) or neurological] symptoms, had lung parenchymal findings suspicious for COVID-19 on a non-chest CT but no concurrent chest CT and had COVID-19 testing in the ER. Group 1 patients had RT PCR obtained pre-CT read (COVID-19 suspected on presentation); Group 2 had RT PCR obtained post-CT read (COVID-19 not suspected). Presentation and imaging findings were compared and outcomes were evaluated. Descriptive statistics and Fisher exact tests were used for analysis. Results Group 1 comprised 62 patients [31 men, 31 women, mean age 67(SD \u00b117) years] and group 2 comprised 57 patients [28 men, 29 women, mean age 63(SD \u00b1 16) years). Cough and fever were more common in group 1 (37/62, 60%, 29/62, 47%) than group 2 (9/57, 16%, 12/57, 21%) respectively, with no significant difference in the remaining symptoms. There were 101 abdomen/pelvis and 18 cervical spine/neck CTs. In Group 1, non-chest CT findings provided the initial evidence of COVID-19 related pneumonia in 32/62 (52%); for Group 2, it was 44/57 (77%). Overall, the most common CT findings were ground glass opacity (114/119, 96%) and consolidation (47/119,40%). 29/119 (24%) patients required major interventions (vasopressor medication or intubation) and 27/119 (23%) died. Patients who underwent cervical spine/neck CT had worse outcomes than those with abdominal/pelvic CT (p =0.01). Conclusion In a substantial percentage of patients with primary non-respiratory symptoms who underwent non-chest CT, the CT provided the first evidence of COVID-19 related pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32404170, "pmcid": "PMC7218705", "title": "COVID-19 and assisted reproductive technology services: repercussions for patients and proposal for individualized clinical management.", "journal": "Reprod Biol Endocrinol", "authors": ["Alviggi, Carlo", "Esteves, Sandro C", "Orvieto, Raoul", "Conforti, Alessandro", "La Marca, Antonio", "Fischer, Robert", "Andersen, Claus Y", "Buhler, Klaus", "Sunkara, Sesh K", "Polyzos, Nikolaos P", "Strina, Ida", "Carbone, Luigi", "Bento, Fabiola C", "Galliano, Daniela", "Yarali, Hakan", "Vuong, Lan N", "Grynberg, Michael", "Drakopoulos, Panagiotis", "Xavier, Pedro", "Llacer, Joaquin", "Neuspiller, Fernando", "Horton, Marcos", "Roque, Matheus", "Papanikolaou, Evangelos", "Banker, Manish", "Dahan, Michael H", "Foong, Shu", "Tournaye, Herman", "Blockeel, Christophe", "Vaiarelli, Alberto", "Humaidan, Peter", "Ubaldi, Filippo M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404170", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The prolonged lockdown of health services providing high-complexity fertility treatments -as currently recommended by many reproductive medicine entities- is detrimental for society as a whole, and infertility patients in particular. Globally, approximately 0.3% of all infants born every year are conceived using assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments. By contrast, the total number of COVID-19 deaths reported so far represents approximately 1.0% of the total deaths expected to occur worldwide over the first three months of the current year. It seems, therefore, that the number of infants expected to be conceived and born -but who will not be so due to the lockdown of infertility services- might be as significant as the total number of deaths attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic. We herein propose remedies that include a prognostic-stratification of more vulnerable infertility cases in order to plan a progressive restart of worldwide fertility treatments. At a time when preventing complications and limiting burdens for national health systems represent relevant issues, our viewpoint might help competent authorities and health care providers to identify patients who should be prioritized for the continuation of fertility care in a safe environment."}, {"pmid": 32435816, "title": "To Interpret the SARS-CoV-2 Test, Consider the Cycle Threshold Value.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tom, Michael R", "Mina, Michael J"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435816", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534187, "title": "Potential of coronavirus 3C-like protease inhibitors for the development of new anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs: Insights from structures of protease and inhibitors.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["He, Jun", "Hu, Lijun", "Huang, Xiaojun", "Wang, Chenran", "Zhang, Zhimin", "Wang, Ying", "Zhang, Dongmei", "Ye, Wencai"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534187", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), similar to SARS-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which belong to the same \u03b2-coronavirus group, induces sever acute respiratory disease, threatening human health. Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection began, the disease has rapidly spread worldwide. Thus, a search for effective drugs, able to inhibit the coronavirus, has become a global pursuit. The 3C-like protease (3CLpro), which hydrolyzes the polyprotein to produce functional proteins, is essential for coronavirus replication and considered an important therapeutic target for diseases caused by coronaviruses, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Many 3CLpro inhibitors have been proposed, and some new drug candidates have achieved success in preclinical studies. In this review, we briefly describe the recent developments in the structure of 3CLpro and its function in coronavirus replication and summarize new insights into 3CLpro inhibitors and their mechanisms of action. We also discuss the clinical application prospects and limitations of 3CLpro inhibitors for COVID-19 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32497451, "title": "The Psychological Change Process of Frontline Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 during Its Outbreak.", "journal": "Issues Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Zhang, Yan", "Wei, Lili", "Li, Huanting", "Pan, Yueshuai", "Wang, Jingyuan", "Li, Qianqian", "Wu, Qian", "Wei, Holly"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497451", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aim: To identify the psychological change process of the registered nurses who worked in the epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak.Background: The pandemic of COVID-19 has continued to pose an unprecedented threat and challenge to people's health around the world. Nurses are at high risk because they work within the closest proximity to patients. Understanding nurses' psychological change process during the care for patients with COVID-19 is imperative for healthcare leaders.Methods: This was a qualitative descriptive study that took place in a hospital in Wuhan, China, the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic, from February 9th to March 15th, 2020. Using purposive sampling, we interviewed 23 nurses. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method of data analysis to find, understand, and describe nurses' experiences.Results: The psychological change process of frontline nurses included three stages, early, middle, and later stages. The psychological characteristics of each period were ambivalence, emotional exhaustion, and energy renewal, respectively. Nurse leaders were anchors in facilitating frontline nurses' psychological adaptation.Conclusions: In the past month, the psychological characteristics of nurses changed over time. The study indicated the necessity for nurse leaders to implement intervention programs based on nurses' psychological characteristics in different periods to promote nurses' health during this critical time period."}, {"pmid": 32246142, "pmcid": "PMC7184370", "title": "Care for the psychological status of frontline medical staff fighting against COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Huang, Jing", "Liu, Fangkun", "Teng, Ziwei", "Chen, Jindong", "Zhao, Jingping", "Wang, Xiaoping", "Wu, Renrong"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246142", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32065057, "pmcid": "PMC7048229", "title": "Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Wei", "Du, Rong-Hui", "Li, Bei", "Zheng, Xiao-Shuang", "Yang, Xing-Lou", "Hu, Ben", "Wang, Yan-Yi", "Xiao, Geng-Fu", "Yan, Bing", "Shi, Zheng-Li", "Zhou, Peng"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32065057", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused an outbreak in Wuhan, China, and soon spread to other parts of the world. It was believed that 2019-nCoV was transmitted through respiratory tract and then induced pneumonia, thus molecular diagnosis based on oral swabs was used for confirmation of this disease. Likewise, patient will be released upon two times of negative detection from oral swabs. However, many coronaviruses can also be transmitted through oral-fecal route by infecting intestines. Whether 2019-nCoV infected patients also carry virus in other organs like intestine need to be tested. We conducted investigation on patients in a local hospital who were infected with this virus. We found the presence of 2019-nCoV in anal swabs and blood as well, and more anal swab positives than oral swab positives in a later stage of infection, suggesting shedding and thereby transmitted through oral-fecal route. We also showed serology test can improve detection positive rate thus should be used in future epidemiology. Our report provides a cautionary warning that 2019-nCoV may be shed through multiple routes."}, {"pmid": 32245157, "pmcid": "PMC7151105", "title": "Effective Risk Communication for Public Health Emergency: Reflection on the COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) Outbreak in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Healthcare (Basel)", "authors": ["Zhang, Liwei", "Li, Huijie", "Chen, Kelin"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245157", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Risk communication is critical to emergency management. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the effective process and attention points of risk communication reflecting on the COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) outbreak in Wuhan, China. We provide the timeline of risk communication progress in Wuhan and use a message-centered approach to identify problems that it entailed. It was found that the delayed decision making of the local government officials and the limited information disclosure should be mainly responsible for the ineffective risk communication. The principles for effective risk communication concerning Wuhan's outbreak management were also discussed. The whole communication process is suggested to integrate the accessibility and openness of risk information, the timing and frequency of communication, and the strategies dealing with uncertainties. Based on these principles and lessons from Wuhan's case, this paper employed a simplified Government-Expert-Public risk communication model to illustrate a collaborative network for effective risk communication."}, {"pmid": 32433265, "pmcid": "PMC7253047", "title": "Pancreaticobiliary Endoscopy in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era.", "journal": "Pancreas", "authors": ["Machicado, Jorge D", "Papachristou, Georgios I", "Cote, Gregory A", "Wani, Sachin", "Groce, Jeffrey R", "Conwell, Darwin L", "Krishna, Somashekar G"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433265", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212540, "title": "Audio Interview: Practical Measures to Help Prevent Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212540", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472810, "title": "Alone Together in Our Fear: Perspectives From the Early Days of Lockdown Due to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nerv Ment Dis", "authors": ["Nields, Jenifer A"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472810", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199941, "pmcid": "PMC7141469", "title": "Letter from Italy: First practical indications for radiation therapy departments during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys", "authors": ["Filippi, Andrea Riccardo", "Russi, Elvio", "Magrini, Stefano Maria", "Corvo, Renzo"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199941", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389133, "pmcid": "PMC7248593", "title": "Regional difference in the rate of spread of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Tanabe, Kazuhiro", "Sasaki, Katsuhiko", "Igami, Ko", "Kamioka, Kazuyuki"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389133", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474631, "pmcid": "PMC7261041", "title": "Relationship between clinical types and radiological subgroups defined by latent class analysis in 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Fang, Xu", "Li, Xiao", "Bian, Yun", "Ji, Xiang", "Lu, Jianping"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474631", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate whether meaningful subgroups sharing the CT features of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia could be identified using latent class analysis (LCA) and explore the relationship between the LCA-derived subgroups and clinical types. This retrospective review included 499 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia between February 11 and March 8, 2020. Subgroups sharing the CT features were identified using LCA. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to analyze the association between clinical types and the LCA-derived subgroups. Two radiological subgroups were identified using LCA. There were 228 subjects (45.69%) in class 1 and 271 subjects (54.31%) in class 2. The CT findings of class 1 were smaller pulmonary infection volume, more peripheral distribution, more GGO, more maximum lesion range \u2264 5\u00a0cm, a smaller number of lesions, less involvement of lobes, less air bronchogram, less dilatation of vessels, less hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement, and less pleural effusion than the CT findings of class 2. Univariate analysis demonstrated that older age, therapy, presence of fever, presence of hypertension, decreased lymphocyte count, and increased CRP levels were significant parameters associated with an increased risk for class 2. Multivariate analyses revealed that the patients with clinically severe type disease had a 1.97-fold risk of class 2 than the patients with clinically moderate-type disease. The demographic and clinical differences between the two radiological subgroups based on the LCA were significantly different. Two radiological subgroups were significantly associated with clinical moderate and severe types. \u2022 Two radiological subgroups were identified using LCA. \u2022 Older age, therapy, presence of fever, presence of hypertension, decreased lymphocyte count, and increased CRP levels were significant parameters with an increased risk for class 2 defined by LCA. \u2022 Patients with clinically severe type had a 1.97-fold higher risk of class 2 defined by LCA in comparison with patients showing clinically moderate-type disease."}, {"pmid": 32227758, "pmcid": "PMC7143164", "title": "Covid-19 in Critically Ill Patients in the Seattle Region - Case Series.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Bhatraju, Pavan K", "Ghassemieh, Bijan J", "Nichols, Michelle", "Kim, Richard", "Jerome, Keith R", "Nalla, Arun K", "Greninger, Alexander L", "Pipavath, Sudhakar", "Wurfel, Mark M", "Evans, Laura", "Kritek, Patricia A", "West, T Eoin", "Luks, Andrew", "Gerbino, Anthony", "Dale, Chris R", "Goldman, Jason D", "O'Mahony, Shane", "Mikacenic, Carmen"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227758", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Community transmission of coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) was detected in the state of Washington in February 2020. We identified patients from nine Seattle-area hospitals who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinical data were obtained through review of medical records. The data reported here are those available through March 23, 2020. Each patient had at least 14 days of follow-up. We identified 24 patients with confirmed Covid-19. The mean (\u00b1SD) age of the patients was 64\u00b118 years, 63% were men, and symptoms began 7\u00b14 days before admission. The most common symptoms were cough and shortness of breath; 50% of patients had fever on admission, and 58% had diabetes mellitus. All the patients were admitted for hypoxemic respiratory failure; 75% (18 patients) needed mechanical ventilation. Most of the patients (17) also had hypotension and needed vasopressors. No patient tested positive for influenza A, influenza B, or other respiratory viruses. Half the patients (12) died between ICU day 1 and day 18, including 4 patients who had a do-not-resuscitate order on admission. Of the 12 surviving patients, 5 were discharged home, 4 were discharged from the ICU but remained in the hospital, and 3 continued to receive mechanical ventilation in the ICU. During the first 3 weeks of the Covid-19 outbreak in the Seattle area, the most common reasons for admission to the ICU were hypoxemic respiratory failure leading to mechanical ventilation, hypotension requiring vasopressor treatment, or both. Mortality among these critically ill patients was high. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.)."}, {"pmid": 32286926, "pmcid": "PMC7241485", "title": "Is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency a factor in Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) infections and deaths?", "journal": "Pathog Glob Health", "authors": ["Aydemir, Duygu", "Ulusu, Nuriye Nuray"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286926", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402655, "pmcid": "PMC7203057", "title": "Management of tracheostomy during COVID-19 outbreak: Heat and moisture exchanger filter and closed suctioning system.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["De Seta, Daniele", "Carta, Filippo", "Puxeddu, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402655", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467603, "title": "Resistance of children to Covid-19. How?", "journal": "Mucosal Immunol", "authors": ["Fischer, Alain"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467603", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396261, "pmcid": "PMC7272836", "title": "Safety during crisis: Rapid on-site evaluation at the time of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diagn Cytopathol", "authors": ["Asiry, Saeed", "Fatyan, Alaaeddin", "Matloob, Ammar", "Khader, Samer N"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396261", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is posing a worldwide challenge to control and contain. SARS-CoV-2 is a highly infectious virus. Health care providers at the front lines are at high risk of getting the infection and the risk applies also to laboratory personnel as they deal with specimens that might be contaminated with infectious materiel. Cytopathology teams specifically are at high risk of dealing with contaminated material because of patients encounter during fine-needle aspiration biopsies or Rapid On-Site Evaluation (ROSE) for adequacy. In our article, we discuss alternative safer staining methods to the widely used Diff-Quick stain that can be utilized for ROSE to decrease the risk of viral exposure during the current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32035509, "pmcid": "PMC7154507", "title": "Coronavirus epidemic: preparing for extracorporeal organ support in intensive care.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Ronco, Claudio", "Navalesi, Paolo", "Vincent, Jean Louis"], "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035509", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32157233, "title": "Keep up with the latest coronavirus research.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Chen, Qingyu", "Allot, Alexis", "Lu, Zhiyong"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157233", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434818, "title": "Comorbidities and rheumatological diseases at the time of COVID-19. Response to: 'Rheumatic diseases in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19' by Moiseev et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434818", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343394, "pmcid": "PMC7267336", "title": "Examining Older Adult Cognitive Status in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Hantke, Nathan C", "Gould, Christine"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343394", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418216, "title": "Children with coronavirus disease 2019: A review of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging features in pediatric patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cui, Xiaojian", "Zhang, Tongqiang", "Zheng, Jiafeng", "Zhang, Jiayi", "Si, Ping", "Xu, Yongsheng", "Guo, Wei", "Liu, Zihui", "Li, Wenliang", "Ma, Jia", "Dong, Cuicui", "Shen, Yongming", "Cai, Chunquan", "He, Sijia"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418216", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with a global spread. With the rapid increase in the number of infections, an increase is observed in the number of children with COVID-19. Most research findings are regarding adult cases, which are not always transferrable to children. Evidence-based studies are still expected to formulate clinical decisions for pediatric patients. In this review, we included 2597 pediatric patients that reported recently and evaluated the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of children with COVID-19. We found that even lymphopenia was the most common lab finding in adults; it infrequently occurred in children (9.8%). Moreover, elevated creatine kinase MB isoenzyme was much more commonly observed in children (27.0%) than that in adults, suggesting that heart injury would be more likely to occur in pediatric patients. Our analysis may contribute to determine the spectrum of disease in children and to develop strategies to control the disease transmission."}, {"pmid": 32285556, "title": "Care for diabetes with COVID-19: Advice from China.", "journal": "J Diabetes", "authors": ["Wang, Weiqing", "Lu, Jieli", "Gu, Weiqiong", "Zhang, Yifei", "Liu, Jianmin", "Ning, Guang"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285556", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437950, "pmcid": "PMC7211753", "title": "Vascular surgery education during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Tinelli, Giovanni", "Sica, Simona", "Minelli, Fabrizio", "Tshomba, Yamume"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328206, "pmcid": "PMC7177067", "title": "[Treatment of primary and metastatic peritoneal tumors in the Covid-19 pandemic Proposals for prioritization from the RENAPE and BIG-RENAPE groups].", "authors": ["Glehen, O", "Kepenekian, V", "Bouche, O", "Gladieff, L", "Honore, C", "Big-Renape, Renape-"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328206", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic is profoundly changing the organization of healthcare access. This is particularly so for peritoneal neoplastic diseases, for which curative treatment mobilizes substantial personnel, operating room and intensive care resources. The BIG-RENAPE and RENAPE groups have made tentative proposals for prioritizing care provision.A tightening of the usual selection criteria is needed for curative care: young patients with few or no comorbidities and limited peritoneal extension. It is desirable to prioritize disease conditions for which cytoreduction surgery with or without associated hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is the gold-standard treatment, and for which systemic chemotherapy cannot be a temporary or long-term alternative: pseudomyxoma peritonei, resectable malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas, peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin if they are resectable and unresponsive to systemic chemotherapy after up to 12 courses, first-line ovarian carcinomatosis if resectable or in interval surgery after at most six courses of systemic chemotherapy. Addition of HIPEC must be discussed case by case in an expert center. The prioritization of indications must consider local conditions and the phase of the epidemic to allow optimal peri-operative care."}, {"pmid": 32274081, "pmcid": "PMC7139011", "title": "Modified SEIR and AI prediction of the epidemics trend of COVID-19 in China under public health interventions.", "journal": "J Thorac Dis", "authors": ["Yang, Zifeng", "Zeng, Zhiqi", "Wang, Ke", "Wong, Sook-San", "Liang, Wenhua", "Zanin, Mark", "Liu, Peng", "Cao, Xudong", "Gao, Zhongqiang", "Mai, Zhitong", "Liang, Jingyi", "Liu, Xiaoqing", "Li, Shiyue", "Li, Yimin", "Ye, Feng", "Guan, Weijie", "Yang, Yifan", "Li, Fei", "Luo, Shengmei", "Xie, Yuqi", "Liu, Bin", "Wang, Zhoulang", "Zhang, Shaobo", "Wang, Yaonan", "Zhong, Nanshan", "He, Jianxing"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274081", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak originating in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, coincided with chunyun, the period of mass migration for the annual Spring Festival. To contain its spread, China adopted unprecedented nationwide interventions on January 23 2020. These policies included large-scale quarantine, strict controls on travel and extensive monitoring of suspected cases. However, it is unknown whether these policies have had an impact on the epidemic. We sought to show how these control measures impacted the containment of the epidemic. We integrated population migration data before and after January 23 and most updated COVID-19 epidemiological data into the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model to derive the epidemic curve. We also used an artificial intelligence (AI) approach, trained on the 2003 SARS data, to predict the epidemic. We found that the epidemic of China should peak by late February, showing gradual decline by end of April. A five-day delay in implementation would have increased epidemic size in mainland China three-fold. Lifting the Hubei quarantine would lead to a second epidemic peak in Hubei province in mid-March and extend the epidemic to late April, a result corroborated by the machine learning prediction. Our dynamic SEIR model was effective in predicting the COVID-19 epidemic peaks and sizes. The implementation of control measures on January 23 2020 was indispensable in reducing the eventual COVID-19 epidemic size."}, {"pmid": 32509006, "pmcid": "PMC7271730", "title": "COVID-19 related stress exacerbates common physical and mental pathologies and affects treatment (Review).", "journal": "Exp Ther Med", "authors": ["Tsamakis, Konstantinos", "S Triantafyllis, Andreas", "Tsiptsios, Dimitrios", "Spartalis, Eleftherios", "Mueller, Christoph", "Tsamakis, Charalampos", "Chaidou, Sofia", "A Spandidos, Demetrios", "Fotis, Lampros", "Economou, Marina", "Rizos, Emmanouil"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509006", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global public health emergency resulting in unprecedented individual and societal fear and anxiety. The stress surrounding this biothreat appears to have clinical implications in all aspects of medicine, both in mental and physical health spheres. The impact of COVID-19 related anxiety in Cardiology, Paediatrics, Oncology, Dermatology, Neurology and Mental Health and how it affects treatments is discussed. Moreover, the need for introducing novel communication and therapeutic approaches is highlighted in the new landscape of the COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32328369, "pmcid": "PMC7174863", "title": "A Bibliometric Analysis of COVID-19 Research Activity: A Call for Increased Output.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Chahrour, Mohamad", "Assi, Sahar", "Bejjani, Michael", "Nasrallah, Ali A", "Salhab, Hamza", "Fares, Mohamad", "Khachfe, Hussein H"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328369", "countries": ["China", "Mauritius", "Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted many countries across all inhabited continents, and is now considered a global pandemic, due to its high rate of infectivity. Research related to this disease is\u00a0pivotal for assessing pathogenic characteristics and formulating therapeutic strategies. The aim of this paper is to explore the activity and trends of COVID-19 research since its outbreak in December 2019. We explored the PubMed database and the World Health Organization (WHO) database for publications pertaining to COVID-19 since December 2019 up until March 18, 2020. Only relevant observational and interventional studies were included in our study. Data on COVID-19 incidence were extracted from the WHO situation reports. Research output was assessed with respect to gross domestic product (GDP) and population of each country. Only 564 publications met our inclusion criteria. These articles came from 39 different countries, constituting 24% of all affected countries. China produced the greatest number of publications with 377 publications (67%). With respect to continental research activity, Asian countries had the highest research activity with 434 original publications (77%). In terms of publications per million persons (PPMPs), Singapore had the highest number of publications with 1.069 PPMPs. In terms of publications per billion-dollar GDP, Mauritius ranked first with 0.075. COVID-19 is a major disease that has impacted international public health on a global level. Observational studies and therapeutic trials pertaining to COVID-19 are essential for assessing pathogenic characteristics and developing novel treatment options."}, {"pmid": 32405095, "pmcid": "PMC7218345", "title": "Assessing changes in US public trust in science amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Agley, Jon"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405095", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and subsequent pandemic has led to the most substantive large-scale, open, and public social discussion of epidemiology and science in recent history. In the United States (US), extensive debate has ensued as to the risk posed by the disease, whether the health system is prepared to manage a high volume of critical cases, whether any number of public health responses are necessary and appropriate, and the appropriate ways to prevent, manage, and treat the pandemic. I hypothesized that the interplay between scientists, policymakers, and the public in an open forum was associated with increased overall public trust in science and scientists, but that this was moderated by political orientation and/or religious commitment. In the context of a public health emergency, it is important to understand the degree to which science and scientists are trusted to produce information that can provide reassurance and also can explain the details of a highly complex event such as a viral pandemic while providing actionable recommendations. The study design was analytic cross-sectional. Data were obtained on March 17-18, 2020, from a sample of 242 US-based Amazon Mechanical Turk users. Respondents completed a 49-question survey consisting of key sociodemographic variables, political affiliation, religious commitment, and two iterations of the Trust in Science and Scientist Inventory (one for March 2020, and one for December 2019 using retrospective recall). Changes in mean level of trust and interaction with political affiliation and/or religious commitment were assessed using mixed ANOVA via the general linear model. On a scale from 1 (low trust) to 5 (high trust), the mean level of trust in science and scientists was static; 3.82 in December 2019 and 3.81 in March 2020. Conservative political orientation and high religious commitment were associated with significantly less overall trust in science; the interaction effect suggested that liberal trust in science decreased slightly from December 2019 to March 2020, whereas conservative trust increased slightly. Counter to my expectations, the overall level of trust in science remained static after the first several months of COVID-19 in the US, although there is some evidence that political orientation was associated with magnitude and directionality of change in trust. Continued examination of these trends is important for understanding public response to epidemiologic recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32501142, "title": "Older Workers in the Time of COVID-19: The Senior Community Service Employment Program and Implications for Social Work.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Halvorsen, Cal J", "Yulikova, Olga"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501142", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has long been the goal of many gerontological social work scholars to increase the ability and opportunity for people to be engaged in paid and unpaid work throughout the life course. Yet the COVID-19 pandemic is revealing and exacerbating the financial insecurity of many older adults. In this paper, we review information related to older workers and how they might be affected by this pandemic and its aftermath, paying particular attention to the most socioeconomically and physically vulnerable older workers. We also offer first-hand experiences from our careers working with and conducting scholarship on older workers, paying particular attention to recent actions by many in the Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP) network to provide paid sick leave to its low-income, older adult participants. We conclude with implications for social work scholarship and teaching, noting the uptick in technology use among older adults and the disparities that remain, as well as teaching that integrates discussions on the lifelong and cumulative effects of inequalities and marginalization and the need for additional researcher, student, and community collaborations."}, {"pmid": 32333579, "title": "COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Hemorheol Microcirc", "authors": ["Jung, F"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333579", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493331, "pmcid": "PMC7268588", "title": "An evidence mapping and analysis of registered COVID-19 clinical trials in China.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Lu, Liming", "Li, Fan", "Wen, Hao", "Ge, Shuqi", "Zeng, Jingchun", "Luo, Wen", "Wang, Lai", "Tang, Chunzhi", "Xu, Nenggui"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493331", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article aims to summarize the key characteristics of registered trials of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), in terms of their spatial and temporal distributions, types of design and interventions, and patient characteristics among others. A comprehensive search of the registered COVID-19 trials has been performed on platforms including ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP), Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (CHiCTR), Australian Clinical Trials Registry, Britain's National Research Register (BNRR), Current Control Trials (CCT), and Glaxo Smith Kline Register. Trials registered at the first 8\u00a0weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak are included, without language restrictions. For each study, the registration information, study design, and administrator information are collected and summarized. A total of 220 registered trials were evaluated as of February 27, 2020. Hospital-initiated trials were the majority and account for 80% of the sample. Among the trials, pilot studies and phase 4 trials are more common and represent 35% and 19.1% of the sample, respectively. The median sample size of the registered trials is 100, with interquartile range 60-240. Further, 45.9% of the trials mentioned information on a data monitoring committee. 54.5% of the trials did not specify the disease severity among patients they intend to recruit. Four types of interventions are most common in the experimental groups across the registered studies: antiviral drugs, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), biological agents, and hormone drugs. Among them, the TCM and biological agents are frequently used in pilot study and correspond to a variety of primary endpoints. In contrast, trials with antiviral drugs have more targeted primary outcomes such as \"COVID-19 nucleic acid test\" and \"28-day mortality.\" We provide an evidence mapping and analysis of registered COVID-19 clinical trials in China. In particular, it is critical for ongoing and future studies to refine their research hypothesis and better identify their intervention therapies and the corresponding primary outcomes. It is also imperative for multiple public health divisions and research institutions to work together for integrative clinical data capture and sharing, with a common objective of improving future studies that evaluate COVID-19 interventions."}, {"pmid": 32267343, "pmcid": "PMC7236170", "title": "\"Pandemic fear\" and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Ornell, Felipe", "Schuch, Jaqueline B", "Sordi, Anne O", "Kessler, Felix Henrique Paim"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267343", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335668, "pmcid": "PMC7188114", "title": "Letter: COVID-19 Pandemic: Safety Precautions for Stereotactic Radiosurgery.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Liaw, Jeffrey", "Patel, Vijay A", "Bann, Darrin V", "Saadi, Robert A", "Mau, Christine", "Brettler, Sandi", "Tuanquin, Leonard", "Zacharia, Brad E", "Isildak, Huseyin"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335668", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472347, "pmcid": "PMC7257353", "title": "Compliance and Psychological Impact of Quarantine in Children and Adolescents due to Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Saurabh, Kumar", "Ranjan, Shilpi"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472347", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine a cohort of children and adolescents quarantined during Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in India and to describe their understanding of, compliance with and the psychological impact of quarantine experience. One hundred twenty one children and adolescents along with their parents were interviewed regarding their compliance and psychological distress during the quarantine period. A comparable data was also obtained from 131 children and adolescents who were not quarantined. Most of the children and adolescents were non-compliant as compliance with all requirements was low (7.43%), though compliance with community protective measures (17.35%) was better than compliance with household protective measures (10.71%). Quarantined children and adolescents experienced greater psychological distress than non-quarantined children and adolescents (p \u02c20.001). Worry (68.59%), helplessness (66.11%) and fear (61.98%) were the most common feelings experienced under quarantine. The low compliance with quarantine requirements as seen in this study raises a serious concern about the effectiveness of quarantine as a preventive measure of disease transmission. Compliance and mental health problems can be improved by providing adequate financial support and enhanced knowledge about pandemic planning."}, {"pmid": 32346664, "pmcid": "PMC7186134", "title": "A COVID-19 epidemic model with latency period.", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Liu, Z", "Magal, P", "Seydi, Ousmane", "Webb, Glenn"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346664", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the beginning of a COVID-19 infection, there is a period of time known as the exposed or latency period, before an infected person is capable of transmitting the infection to another person. We develop two differential equations models to account for this period. The first is a model that incorporates infected persons in the exposed class, before transmission is possible. The second is a model that incorporates a time delay in infected persons, before transmission is possible. We apply both models to the COVID-19 epidemic in China. We estimate the epidemiological parameters in the models, such as the transmission rate and the basic reproductive number, using data of reported cases. We thus evaluate the role of the exposed or latency period in the dynamics of a COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32401828, "title": "The need to strengthen Primary Health Care in Brazil in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Braz Oral Res", "authors": ["Souza, Carlos Dornels Freire de", "Gois-Santos, Vanessa Tavares de", "Correia, Divanise Suruagy", "Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo", "Santos, Victor Santana"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401828", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its association with severe pneumonia and deaths has exposed gaps in the health systems of several countries worldwide. Although the necessary focus has been to care for hospitalized patients, the strengthening of Primary Health Care (PHC) actions is necessary. PHC is the gateway to the health system in several countries, including Brazil and it plays a role in preventing, protecting, promoting, and treating individuals and communities. Brazil, like other countries, has faced the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. As Brazil has a universal and decentralized health system, in which PHC has been the model of health re-organizing the health system; here we reflected the importance of strengthening PHC in Brazil in the times of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32277530, "pmcid": "PMC7235519", "title": "COVID-19 and SARS: Differences and similarities.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Caldaria, Antonio", "Conforti, Claudio", "Di Meo, Nicola", "Dianzani, Caterina", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Zalaudek, Iris", "Giuffrida, Roberta"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277530", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522816, "title": "Covid-19: Clinicians must be able to access all test results, pathologists say.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522816", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416527, "pmcid": "PMC7211739", "title": "Coping with diabetes during the COVID - 19 lockdown in India: Results of an online pilot survey.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Nachimuthu, Sukanya", "Vijayalakshmi, R", "Sudha, M", "Viswanathan, Vijay"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416527", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The management of diabetes has become a challenge due to the COVID 19 lockdown. An online-based pilot survey was conducted to study how people with diabetes were coping with their Diabetes during the COVID - 19 lockdown. The questions were designed in an online survey, Survey Monkey, to conduct this cross-sectional study. The link was generated and sent to 100 registered patients of the MV Hospital for Diabetes Royapuram who had not contacted the hospital after the lockdown announcement. The survey was done between April 1 and April 15, 2020.Oral consent was obtained through telephone before the link was sent by Whatsapp to them.The questionnaire consisted of questions on home blood glucose monitoring, regularity in doing their physical activity and dietary compliance and anxiety about the viral infection. 92% of the participants had Type 2 diabetes. Only 28% of the participants were checking their blood glucose levels regularly. 80% of the participants mentioned that they were following regular exercise and diet control during the lockdown period. 40% of the participants were anxious about the Covid infection. SMBG needs to be practiced on regular basis, especially among the patients with diabetes on insulin therapy. Most of the people surveyed were coping well with their Diabetes. Patients have reported that they were able to maintain proper dietary compliance and be more physically active at home during this lockdown. These findings need to be ascertained in larger sample of patients."}, {"pmid": 32198983, "title": "From SARS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2: The response and challenge of forensic infectious disease autopsy.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, H J"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198983", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396382, "title": "Myth Busters: Dietary Supplements and COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Pharmacother", "authors": ["Adams, Kathleen K", "Baker, William L", "Sobieraj, Diana M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396382", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "News and social media platforms have implicated dietary supplements in the treatment and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). During this pandemic when information quickly evolves in the presence of contradicting messages and misinformation, the role of the pharmacist is essential. Here, we review theoretical mechanisms and evidence related to efficacy and safety of select supplements in the setting of COVID-19, including vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, elderberry, and silver. Evidence evaluating these supplements in COVID-19 patients is lacking, and providers and patients should not rely on dietary supplements to prevent or treat COVID-19. Rather, reference to evidence-based guidelines should guide treatment decisions."}, {"pmid": 32346874, "pmcid": "PMC7267260", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and the hidden carriers: Sewage, feline, and blood transfusion.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ali, Muhammad", "Zaid, Muhammad", "Saqib, Muhammad Arif Nadeem", "Ahmed, Haroon", "Afzal, Muhammad Sohail"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346874", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326986, "pmcid": "PMC7205551", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on mental healthcare of older adults: insights from Lebanon (Middle East).", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Khoury, Rita", "Karam, Georges"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326986", "countries": ["Lebanon"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529289, "pmcid": "PMC7289478", "title": "COVID-19; beyond the obvious: how do we move forward?", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Nasoodi, Afshin", "Johnston, Ciaran", "Fraioli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529289", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474141, "pmcid": "PMC7256612", "title": "Vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Glob Antimicrob Resist", "authors": ["Zemb, Patrick", "Bergman, Peter", "Camargo, Carlos A Jr", "Cavalier, Etienne", "Cormier, Catherine", "Courbebaisse, Marie", "Hollis, Bruce", "Minisola, Salvatore", "Pilz, Stefan", "Pludowski, Pawel", "Schmitt, Francois", "Zdrenghea, Mihnea", "Souberbielle, Jean-Claude"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427219, "pmcid": "PMC7229879", "title": "'What is Inconvenient for You is Life-saving for Me': How Health Inequities are playing out during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Asian Bioeth Rev", "authors": ["Xafis, Vicki"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427219", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact globally. Most affected, however, are those individuals and groups routinely disadvantaged by the social injustice created by the misdistribution of power, money, and resources. Simple measures that prevent the spread of COVID-19, such as frequent hand washing and social distancing, are unavailable to millions of people in the wealthiest of nations and in the poorest of nations. Disadvantaged groups are impacted more directly and in disproportionately higher numbers due to existing poor health, and the disruption of services central to securing an income and an education will have lasting consequences for their futures. The unintended effect of exclusionary government policies is that privileged citizens and healthcare systems are also at greater risk. This paper seeks to highlight the impact of COVID-19 on those already suffering health inequities through consideration of some of the social determinants of health on groups in affluent and poorer nations. It also highlights some of the factors that may assist in tackling health inequities as we emerge from this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32298195, "title": "Home Hospice Services during COVID-19: Ensuring Comfort in Unsettling Times in Singapore.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Khatri, Priyanka", "Seetharaman, Santhosh", "Phang, Chia May Jamie", "Lee, Bin Xuan Andy"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298195", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402627, "pmcid": "PMC7204671", "title": "Re: Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 in late pregnancy: Outcomes of first nine cases in an inner city London hospital.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Govind, A", "Essien, S", "Karthikeyan, A", "Fakokunde, A", "Janga, D", "Yoong, W", "Nakhosteen, A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402627", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382356, "pmcid": "PMC7203542", "title": "Circumnavigating the challenges of COVID-19 in oncology.", "journal": "Memo", "authors": ["Fuereder, Thorsten", "Gunsilius, Eberhard", "Bartsch, Rupert", "Hilbe, Wolfgang"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382356", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495916, "title": "Tocilizumab in the treatment of a critical COVID-19 patient: a case report.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Wang, L", "Peng, X", "Wang, Z-H", "Cai, J", "Zhou, F-C"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495916", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan and rapidly spread throughout China and the rest of the world. COVID-19 is currently a global pandemic. There are cytokine storms in severe COVID-19 patients. Interleukin-6 plays an important role in cytokine storm. Tocilizumab is a blocker of interleukin-6 receptor, which is likely to become an effective drug for patients with severe COVID-19. Here, we reported a case in which tocilizumab was effective for a critical COVID-19 patient."}, {"pmid": 32401965, "pmcid": "PMC7196730", "title": "Spotlight for healthy adolescents and adolescents with preexisting chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Silva, Clovis Artur", "Queiroz, Ligia Bruni", "Fonseca, Claudia de Brito", "Silva, Luis Eduardo Vargas da", "Lourenco, Benito", "Marques, Heloisa Helena Sousa"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401965", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519293, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia incidentally detected on coronary CT angiogram: a do-not-miss diagnosis.", "journal": "Emerg Radiol", "authors": ["Behzad, Shima", "Velez, Erik", "Najafi, Mohammad Hosein", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519293", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronary CT angiograms are commonly performed for the evaluation of coronary artery disease and coronary arterial anatomy. However, extracardiac findings are frequently detected on these examinations and often can explain patients' underlying symptoms, having a significant impact on patient management. Here in, we discuss three cases of incidentally detected novel COVID-19-infected pneumonia (NCIP). This case series highlights the image findings in NCIP and emphasizes the importance of evaluating all organs in the field of view on coronary CT angiograms. In addition, with the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 and exponentially increasing incidence throughout the world, this report stresses the need for including NCIP in the differential diagnosis of patients with typical image findings in at-risk populations, as early diagnosis is crucial for appropriate patient management and post-exposure recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32513230, "title": "A simple custom appliance against droplet and aerosol transmission of COVID-19 during advanced airway management.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Chi, Meng", "Lou, Changming", "Zhao, Xiuli", "Sui, Xin", "Han, Fei"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513230", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438622, "title": "Dynamics of Population Immunity Due to the Herd Effect in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Vaccines (Basel)", "authors": ["Clemente-Suarez, Vicente Javier", "Hormeno-Holgado, Alberto", "Jimenez, Manuel", "Benitez-Agudelo, Juan Camilo", "Navarro-Jimenez, Eduardo", "Perez-Palencia, Natalia", "Maestre-Serrano, Ronald", "Laborde-Cardenas, Carmen Cecilia", "Tornero-Aguilera, Jose Francisco"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438622", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus 2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-Cov-2) has led to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has surprised health authorities around the world, quickly producing a global health crisis. Different actions to cope with this situation are being developed, including confinement, different treatments to improve symptoms, and the creation of the first vaccines. In epidemiology, herd immunity is presented as an area that could also solve this new global threat. In this review, we present the basis of herd immunology, the dynamics of infection transmission that induces specific immunity, and how the application of immunoepidemiology and herd immunology could be used to control the actual COVID-19 pandemic, along with a discussion of its effectiveness, limitations, and applications."}, {"pmid": 32379314, "pmcid": "PMC7239179", "title": "Letter: Emergency Response Plan During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The University of Alabama at Birmingham Experience.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Laskay, Nicholas M B", "Estevez-Ordonez, Dagoberto", "Omar, Nidal B", "Chagoya, Gustavo", "Atchley, Travis J", "Elsayed, Galal A", "Shank, Christopher D", "Dalgo, Caitlin E", "Guthrie, Barton L", "Rozzelle, Curtis J", "Markert, James M"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379314", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330475, "pmcid": "PMC7194902", "title": "Increased amylase and lipase in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: don t blame the pancreas just yet!", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["de-Madaria, Enrique", "Siau, Keith", "Cardenas-Jaen, Karina"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330475", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223555, "pmcid": "PMC7191387", "title": "Potential risk of the kidney vulnerable to novel coronavirus 2019 infection.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Renal Physiol", "authors": ["Zhang, Fan", "Liang, Yumei"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223555", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490022, "pmcid": "PMC7141793", "title": "COVID-19: Preliminary Clinical Guidelines for Ophthalmology Practices.", "journal": "Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Gharebaghi, Reza", "Desuatels, Jordan", "Moshirfar, Majid", "Parvizi, Maryam", "Daryabari, Seyed-Hashem", "Heidary, Fatemeh"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490022", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The zoonotic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its resultant human coronavirus disease (COVID-19) recently appeared as a global health threat that can cause severe respiratory infection and terminal respiratory distress. By the first week of April, more than 1.3 million people had been globally infected and more than 70,000 had lost their lives to this contagious virus. Clinical manifestations occur shortly after exposure, or a few days later. There is controversy regarding the transmission of the virus through the tear and conjunctiva; however, there are reports that the ocular surface might be a potential target for COVID-19. The ease of transmission of this virus at close proximity presents a risk to eyecare workers. Several recommendations have been issued by local and national organizations to address the issue of safe ophthalmic practice during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. These guidelines have numerous similarities; however, subtle differences exist. The purpose of this paper was to discuss measures, with a specific focus on standard precautions, to prevent further dissemination of COVID-19 at Eye Clinics. We have proposed procedures to triage suspected cases of COVID-19, considering emergency conditions."}, {"pmid": 32514035, "title": "Dissecting antibody-mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Zohar, Tomer", "Alter, Galit"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514035", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282993, "title": "DOACs and 'newer' haemophilia therapies in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Thachil, Jecko", "Tang, Ning", "Gando, Satoshi", "Falanga, Anna", "Cattaneo, Marco", "Levi, Marcel", "Clark, Cary", "Iba, Toshiaki"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282993", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We would like to thank the authors for their insightful thoughts on the consideration of anticoagulants and treatment for haemophilia A and B during the COVID-19 pandemic. They highlight some important practical points which certainly should be adopted by the thrombosis and haemostasis community in the current situation of restricted mobility, which reduces the possibility for patients to access general practitioners and hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32509960, "pmcid": "PMC7266658", "title": "Endoprotector: Protective box for safe endoscopy use during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Endosc Int Open", "authors": ["Campos, Sara", "Carreira, Catia", "Marques, Pedro Pinto", "Vieira, Ana"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509960", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and study aim \u2002Outbreak of COVID-19 began in Wuhan in December 2019 and has rapidly spread from China to the rest of the world. Although it is primarily transmitted by contact and droplets, aerosol-generating procedures also seem to carry the possibility of airborne viral transmission. As such, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy can be considered a risky procedure, with several position statements recommending the adoption of safe practices in endoscopic procedures. This article aims to describe an additional tool to protect healthcare personnel during endoscopy. Methods \u2002A covering box made of acrylic plastic, named Endoprotector, was designed to cover the patient's head, while taking into consideration movements performed by patients and healthcare staff during an endoscopic procedure. Results \u2002A cough simulation using fluorescent dye confirmed the potential benefit of the box during endoscopy, thus protecting healthcare staff from air droplets. The feasibility and practicality of the box was also tested with patients during endoscopy. Conclusion \u2002The reusable Endoprotector is easily and affordably manufactured and may reduce air droplets and airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other microorganisms during endoscopy."}, {"pmid": 32513231, "title": "Treatment with Hydroxychloroquine vs Hydroxychloroquine + Nitazoxanide in COVID-19 patients with risk factors for poor prognosis: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Calderon, Jose Meneses", "Zeron, Hugo Mendieta", "Padmanabhan, Srivatsan"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513231", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine vs. Hydroxychloroquine + Nitazoxanide in reducing the need for invasive mechanical ventilatory support for patients with COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine is currently being used in multiple trials with varying doses in an attempt to treat COVID-19. Nitazoxanide has powerful antiviral effects and proven efficacy against a range of viruses including SARS and MERS. Dual therapy by combining appropriate doses of these two medications with diverse activities against COVID-19 is expected to be better than monotherapy with hydroxychloroquine. This is a single centre, randomized, controlled, single blinded, 2 arm (ratio 1:1) parallel group trial. 86 COVID-19 positive patients that are being treated at the Health Institute of the State of Mexico (ISEM) in Toluca, State of Mexico will be recruited from May 14 to December 31, 2020. 1)Age older than 18 years.2)Hospitalised COVID-19 PCR test positive patients.3)Within the first 72 hours after performing the PCR test.4)Presence of risk factors for complications (at least one): over 60 years, history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and morbid obesity. 1)Patients with corrected QT interval (QTc) greater than 500ms at hospital admission.2)Patients who have inherent contraindications to each drug.3)Patients who are unable to consent.4)Patients who have previously received chloroquine.5)Patients already intubated. Elimination criteria: 1)Patients whose clinical follow-up is lost or who decide not to continue in the study INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: The two management alternatives will be: Control - Hydroxychloroquine 200 mg taken orally every 12 hours for 7 days. Dual therapy - Hydroxychloroquine 400 mg taken orally every 12 hours for two days and then 200 mg taken orally every 12 hours for four days + Nitazoxanide 500 mg orally every 6 hours taken with food, for seven days. Primary: Mechanical ventilation requirement assessed at one week. Percentage of COVID-19 positive patients who require mechanical ventilation . All patients will be monitored till hospital discharge or death. Patients will be randomly allocated using allocation papers and opaque sealed envelopes to either receive the placebo or the dual therapy intervention treatment in a 1:1 ratio until we have recruited the required number of patients for each group. Trial participants will be blinded. 86 participants will be randomized to each group, with 43 in the control group and 43 in the dual therapy group. Protocol version: 2, recruitment will begin on May 14 until sample size is reached , with the analysis deadline of December 31st 2020. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04341493. Date of trial registration: April 10, 2020 FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest of expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32043983, "pmcid": "PMC7134694", "title": "Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Russell, Clark D", "Millar, Jonathan E", "Baillie, J Kenneth"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32043983", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32096564, "pmcid": "PMC7233289", "title": "Combination of RT-qPCR testing and clinical features for diagnosis of COVID-19 facilitates management of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Yishan", "Kang, Hanyujie", "Liu, Xuefeng", "Tong, Zhaohui"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096564", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145465, "pmcid": "PMC7102659", "title": "A conceptual model for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China with individual reaction and governmental action.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lin, Qianying", "Zhao, Shi", "Gao, Daozhou", "Lou, Yijun", "Yang, Shu", "Musa, Salihu S", "Wang, Maggie H", "Cai, Yongli", "Wang, Weiming", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145465", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, emerged in Wuhan, China in the end of 2019, has claimed more than 2600 lives as of 24 February 2020 and posed a huge threat to global public health. The Chinese government has implemented control measures including setting up special hospitals and travel restriction to mitigate the spread. We propose conceptual models for the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan with the consideration of individual behavioural reaction and governmental actions, e.g., holiday extension, travel restriction, hospitalisation and quarantine. We employe the estimates of these two key components from the 1918 influenza pandemic in London, United Kingdom, incorporated zoonotic introductions and the emigration, and then compute future trends and the reporting ratio. The model is concise in structure, and it successfully captures the course of the COVID-19 outbreak, and thus sheds light on understanding the trends of the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32407128, "title": "Monitoring Returning Travelers During the Early Weeks of the COVID-19 Pandemic: One US County's Experience.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Shumway, Brandon", "Ibrahim, Diana", "Moss, Wesley"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407128", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259899, "title": "Urgent need for individual mobile phone and institutional reporting of at home, hospitalized, and intensive care unit cases of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection.", "journal": "Rev Cardiovasc Med", "authors": ["McCullough, Peter A", "Eidt, John", "Rangaswami, Janani", "Lerma, Edgar", "Tumlin, James", "Wheelan, Kevin", "Katz, Nevin", "Lepor, Norman E", "Vijay, Kris", "Soman, Sandeep", "Singh, Bhupinder", "McCullough, Sean P", "McCullough, Haley B", "Palazzuoli, Alberto", "Ruocco, Gaetano M", "Ronco, Claudio"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259899", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Approximately 90 days of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) spreading originally from Wuhan, China, and across the globe has led to a widespread chain of events with imminent threats to the fragile relationship between community health and economic health. Despite near hourly reporting on this crisis, there has been no regular, updated, or accurate reporting of hospitalizations for COVID-19. It is known that many test-positive individuals may not develop symptoms or have a mild self-limited viral syndrome consisting of fever, malaise, dry cough, and constitutional symptoms. However some individuals develop a more fulminant syndrome including viral pneumonia, respiratory failure requiring oxygen, acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation, and in substantial fractions leading to death attributable to COVID-19. The pandemic is evolving in a clustered, non-inform fashion resulting in many hospitals with preparedness but few or no cases, and others that are completely overwhelmed. Thus, a considerable risk of spread when personal protection equipment becomes exhausted and a large fraction of mortality in those not offered mechanical ventilation are both attributable to a crisis due to maldistribution of resources. The pandemic is amenable to self-reporting through a mobile phone application that could obtain critical information on suspected cases and report on the results of self testing and actions taken. The only method to understand the clustering and the immediate hospital resource needs is mandatory, uniform, daily reporting of hospital censuses of COVID-19 cases admitted to hospital wards and intensive care units. Current reports of hospitalizations are delayed, uncertain, and wholly inadequate. This paper urges all the relevant stakeholders to take up self-reporting and reporting of hospitalizations of COVID-19 as an urgent task in combating this devastating pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32239736, "pmcid": "PMC7228208", "title": "Response to: Sore throat in COVID-19: comment on \"Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A single arm meta-analysis\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sun, Pengfei", "Ren, Jizhen", "Li, Kun", "Qie, Shuyan", "Liu, Zongjian", "Xi, Jianing"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239736", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499448, "title": "Comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 at different ages.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Zhao, Mengmeng", "Wang, Menglong", "Zhang, Jishou", "Gu, Jian", "Zhang, Pingan", "Xu, Yao", "Ye, Jing", "Wang, Zhen", "Ye, Di", "Pan, Wei", "Shen, Bo", "He, Hua", "Liu, Mingxiao", "Liu, Menglin", "Luo, Zhen", "Li, Dan", "Liu, Jianfang", "Wan, Jun"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499448", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Information about the clinical characteristics and mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 at different ages is limited. The older group had more patients with dyspnea and fewer patients with fever and muscle pain. Older patients had more underlying diseases, secondary infection, myocardial injury, renal dysfunction, coagulation dysfunction, and immune dysfunction on admission. More older patients received immunoglobulin therapy and mechanical ventilation. The proportions of patients with multiple organ injuries, critically ill patients and death increased significantly with age. The older groups had higher cumulative death risk than the younger group. Hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, comorbidities, acute cardiac injury, shock and complications are independent predictors of death. The symptoms of the elderly patients were more atypical, with more comorbidities, secondary infection, organ injuries, immune dysfunction and a higher risk of critical illness. Older age was an important risk factor for mortality. 1000 patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 from January 1, 2020 to February 14, 2020 were enrolled. According to age, patients were divided into group 1 (<60 years old), group 2 (60-74 years old) and group 3 (\u226575 years old). The clinical symptoms, first laboratory results, CT findings, organ injuries, disease severity and mortality were analyzed."}, {"pmid": 32445692, "pmcid": "PMC7239629", "title": "Attacks against health-care personnel must stop, especially as the world fights COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["McKay, Donna", "Heisler, Michele", "Mishori, Ranit", "Catton, Howard", "Kloiber, Otmar"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445692", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454047, "pmcid": "PMC7245315", "title": "An evidence for correlation between the glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) polymorphism and outcome of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Saadat, Mostafa"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454047", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389754, "pmcid": "PMC7204716", "title": "RILI model and the Covid-19 pneumonia: The radiation oncologist point of view.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Lazzari, Grazia", "Silvano, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389754", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350796, "pmcid": "PMC7189828", "title": "It's not over until it's over: the chameleonic behavior of COVID-19 over a six-day period.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Fichera, Giulia", "Stramare, Roberto", "De Conti, Giorgio", "Motta, Raffaella", "Giraudo, Chiara"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350796", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current global outbreak of COVID-19 represents a major challenge in terms of epidemiology, contagiousness, treatment, as well as clinical and radiological behavior of this disease. Radiological imaging plays a key role in the diagnostic process and during the monitoring of the clinical conditions especially of patients with severe symptoms. According to the preliminary data collected in our tertiary center, we have documented a peculiar behavior in patients requiring endotracheal intubation who underwent seriate chest X-rays. In fact, the radiological pattern of COVID-19 patients may worsen despite a prompt amelioration after the onset of mechanical ventilation. Thus, according to our initial evidence, we recommend to perform seriate chest X-rays in the days following the onset of mechanical ventilation even if the immediate monitoring suggests an improvement. Studies on a larger scale are necessary to fully assess the findings at chest radiographs of critical, mechanically ventilated patients and their correlation with the long-term outcome."}, {"pmid": 32246912, "pmcid": "PMC7270946", "title": "Strategic plan for management of COVID-19 in paediatric haematology and oncology departments.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["He, Yulei", "Lin, Zhi", "Tang, Daolin", "Yang, Yang", "Wang, Tianyou", "Yang, Minghua"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246912", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423638, "pmcid": "PMC7205649", "title": "From ground-glass opacities to pulmonary emboli. A snapshot of the evolving role of a radiology unit facing the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Flor, N", "Tonolini, M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423638", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281124, "pmcid": "PMC7262041", "title": "Organ donation during the coronavirus pandemic: an evolving saga in uncharted waters.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Moris, Dimitrios", "Shaw, Brian I", "Dimitrokallis, Nikolaos", "Barbas, Andrew S"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281124", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325763, "pmcid": "PMC7215392", "title": "Development of an Assessment Method for Investigating the Impact of Climate and Urban Parameters in Confirmed Cases of COVID-19: A New Challenge in Sustainable Development.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Pirouz, Behrouz", "Shaffiee Haghshenas, Sina", "Pirouz, Behzad", "Shaffiee Haghshenas, Sami", "Piro, Patrizia"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325763", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sustainable development has been a controversial global topic, and as a complex concept in recent years, it plays a key role in creating a favorable future for societies. Meanwhile, there are several problems in the process of implementing this approach, like epidemic diseases. Hence, in this study, the impact of climate and urban factors on confirmed cases of COVID-19 (a new type of coronavirus) with the trend and multivariate linear regression (MLR) has been investigated to propose a more accurate prediction model. For this propose, some important climate parameters, including daily average temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, in addition to urban parameters such as population density, were considered, and their impacts on confirmed cases of COVID-19 were analyzed. The analysis was performed for three case studies in Italy, and the application of the proposed method has been investigated. The impacts of parameters have been considered with a delay time from one to nine days to find out the most suitable combination. The result of the analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model and the impact of climate parameters on the trend of confirmed cases. The research hypothesis approved by the MLR model and the present assessment method could be applied by considering several variables that exhibit the exact delay of them to new confirmed cases of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32479239, "title": "Racism In My Medical Education.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Ko, Michelle"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479239", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An Asian American physician calls for more diversity and a commitment to health equity in US medical schools."}, {"pmid": 32325065, "pmcid": "PMC7169931", "title": "Management of upper GI bleeding in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Cavaliere, Kimberly", "Levine, Calley", "Wander, Praneet", "Sejpal, Divyesh V", "Trindade, Arvind J"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325065", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489030, "title": "[Thoughts and suggestions on arrangement, analysis and summary of medical data during COVID-19 epidemic].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yan, Yu-Meng", "Li, Bo", "Li, Ze-Yu", "Lian, Bo", "Su, Xiang-Fei", "Wang, Tian-Yuan", "Li, Ping", "Wang, Qiang", "Cheng, Jin-Lian", "Yang, Zhong-Qi"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489030", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The analysis and utilization of clinical scientific research data is an effective means to promote the progress of diagnosis and treatment, and a key step in the development of medical sciences. During the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), how to transform the limited diagnostic data into clinical research resources has attracted much attention. Based on the low efficiency of data collection and extraction, the inconsistency of data analysis, the irregularity of data report and the high timeliness of data update during the epidemic, this paper briefly analyzed the background and reasons of data application under the current situation, and then discusses the problems and feasible solutions of clinical data applications under the epidemic situation and, more importantly, for future medical clinical research methods. We put forward several methodological suggestions: \u2460 gradually improve the medical big data model and establish the national medical health data center; \u2461 improve the scientific research literacy of medical staff and popularize the basic skills and knowledge of GCP; \u2462 promote a scientific, networked and shared data collection and management mode; \u2463 use the mixed research method and collective analysis to improve the efficiency of clinical data analysis; \u2464 pay attention to narration of the medical feelings and emphasize the humanistic data of clinical medicine. It is expected to promote the standardized and reasonable use of clinical scientific research data, the rigorous integration of expert opinions, and ultimately the development of big data for national health care."}, {"pmid": 32433392, "title": "Building Local Health Department COVID-19 Emergency and Risk Communications Capacity.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Lopez, Taylarr"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433392", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324929, "pmcid": "PMC7264745", "title": "Ophthalmic clinical skills teaching in the time of COVID-19: A crisis and opportunity.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Shih, Kendrick Co", "Chan, Jonathan Cheuk-Hung", "Chen, Julie Yun", "Lai, Jimmy Shiu-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324929", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329548, "title": "Accessibility of 'essential' alcohol in the time of COVID-19: Casting light on the blind spots of licensing?", "journal": "Drug Alcohol Rev", "authors": ["Reynolds, Joanna", "Wilkinson, Claire"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329548", "countries": ["Australia", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Among the Australian and UK governments' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic has been the designation of outlets selling alcohol for off-premise consumption as 'essential' services, allowing them to remain open while pubs, hotels and restaurants have been forced to close. In a context of restrictions on movement outside the home in both countries, and where alcohol providers are trying to find new ways to reach their customers, this may lead to an intensification of the social and health harms associated with home drinking. By examining the current situation in both Australia and the UK, we argue that heightened risks from home drinking amid COVID-19 bring into sharp focus long-standing weaknesses within licensing systems in both countries: the regulation of off-premise outlets to minimise harms from drinking at home. We call for critical conversations on how licensing systems should be revised to take more responsibility for protecting people from the health and social harms associated with home drinking, both under COVID-19 and in the future."}, {"pmid": 32392330, "pmcid": "PMC7239237", "title": "The Effects of Pregnancy on Women with COVID-19: Maternal and Infant Outcomes.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Schwartz, David A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392330", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268711, "title": "[Systematic perinatal management of the pregnant women and neonates during the epidemic of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Pu, J", "Liu, X X"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268711", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321116, "pmcid": "PMC7153362", "title": "COVID-19 Diagnostic and Management Protocol for Pediatric Patients.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Carlotti, Ana Paula de Carvalho Panzeri", "Carvalho, Werther Brunow de", "Johnston, Cintia", "Rodriguez, Isadora Souza", "Delgado, Artur Figueiredo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321116", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review aims to verify the main epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory-related, and therapeutic aspects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill pediatric patients. An extensive review of the medical literature on COVID-19 was performed, mainly focusing on the critical care of pediatric patients, considering expert opinions and recent reports related to this new disease. Experts from a large Brazilian public university analyzed all recently published material to produce a report aiming to standardize the care of critically ill children and adolescents. The report emphasizes on the clinical presentations of the disease and ventilatory support in pediatric patients with COVID-19. It establishes a flowchart to guide health practitioners on triaging critical cases. COVID-19 is essentially an unknown clinical condition for the majority of pediatric intensive care professionals. Guidelines developed by experts can help all practitioners standardize their attitudes and improve the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32512979, "title": "Could anticoagulation therapy prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection prevent complications and the need for mechanical ventilation?", "journal": "Minerva Med", "authors": ["Landucci, Francesco", "Volpe, Giovanni", "Benvenuti, Francesco", "Agostino Ninone, Tommaso", "De Luca, Lucilla", "Patrone, Valentina"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512979", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317235, "pmcid": "PMC7102563", "title": "Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography guidance for use of cardiac computed tomography amidst the COVID-19 pandemic Endorsed by the American College of Cardiology.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr", "authors": ["Choi, Andrew D", "Abbara, Suhny", "Branch, Kelley R", "Feuchtner, Gudrun M", "Ghoshhajra, Brian", "Nieman, Koen", "Pontone, Gianluca", "Villines, Todd C", "Williams, Michelle C", "Blankstein, Ron"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317235", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently suffering through a pandemic outbreak of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) currently advises medical facilities to \"reschedule non-urgent outpatient visits as necessary\". The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the United Kingdom National Health Service and several other international agencies covering Asia, North America and most regions of the world have recommended similar \"social distancing\" measures. The Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT) offers guidance for cardiac CT (CCT) practitioners to help implement these international recommendations in order to decrease the risk of COVID-19 transmission in their facilities while deciding on the timing of outpatient and inpatient CCT exams. This document also emphasizes SCCT's commitment to the health and well-being of CCT technologists, imagers, trainees, and research community, as well as the patients served by CCT."}, {"pmid": 32221983, "title": "Organ-protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its effect on the prognosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cheng, Hao", "Wang, Yan", "Wang, Gui-Qiang"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221983", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article reviews the correlation between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and severe risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the possible mechanisms. ACE2 is a crucial component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The classical RAS ACE-Ang II-AT1R regulatory axis and the ACE2-Ang 1-7-MasR counter-regulatory axis play an essential role in maintaining homeostasis in humans. ACE2 is widely distributed in the heart, kidneys, lungs, and testes. ACE2 antagonizes the activation of the classical RAS system and protects against organ damage, protecting against hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Similar to SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 also uses the ACE2 receptor to invade human alveolar epithelial cells. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical high-mortality disease, and ACE2 has a protective effect on this type of acute lung injury. Current research shows that the poor prognosis of patients with COVID-19 is related to factors such as sex (male), age (>60 years), underlying diseases (hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease), secondary ARDS, and other relevant factors. Because of these protective effects of ACE2 on chronic underlying diseases and ARDS, the development of spike protein-based vaccine and drugs enhancing ACE2 activity may become one of the most promising approaches for the treatment of COVID-19 in the future."}, {"pmid": 32436403, "pmcid": "PMC7268879", "title": "Evidence that Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors Should not be Discontinued Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Hypertension", "authors": ["Carey, Robert M", "Wang, Ji-Guang"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436403", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349772, "pmcid": "PMC7190200", "title": "Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in newborns and infants: what we know so far.", "journal": "Ital J Pediatr", "authors": ["De Rose, Domenico Umberto", "Piersigilli, Fiammetta", "Ronchetti, Maria Paola", "Santisi, Alessandra", "Bersani, Iliana", "Dotta, Andrea", "Danhaive, Olivier", "Auriti, Cinzia"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349772", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, an outbreak of viral pneumonitis in Wuhan, Hubei, China successively spread as a global pandemia, led to the identification of a novel betacoronavirus species, the 2019 novel coronavirus, successively designated 2019-nCoV then SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 causes a clinical syndrome designated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) with a spectrum of manifestations ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. Few cases have been observed in children and adolescents who seem to have a more favorable clinical course than other age groups, and even fewer in newborn babies. This review provides an overview of the knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology, transmission, the associated clinical presentation and outcomes in newborns and infants up to 6\u2009months of life."}, {"pmid": 32419720, "pmcid": "PMC7224643", "title": "Understanding COVID-19: Digit ratio (2D:4D) and sex differences in national case fatality rates.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Manning, John T", "Fink, Bernhard"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419720", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The reported national case fatality rates (CFRs) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shows a sex bias with males > females. The relative lengths of the index (2D) and ring (4D) fingers (digit ratio; 2D:4D) is a sexually dimorphic (males < females) proxy of fetal sex steroids (low 2D:4D indicates high prenatal testosterone/low prenatal estrogen). To examine sex-specific relationships of 2D:4D per nation with national values of COVID-19 CFRs. COVID-19 CFRs and the percent of male deaths were related to mean national (self-reported) 2D:4D by sex and hand from a large online survey (the BBC Internet Study). 103,482 men and 83,366 women. Relationships of mean national 2D:4D with CFRs from 41 countries and with national male death rates from 16 countries. Male right and left hand 2D:4D showed positive relationships with CFR. These relationships remained significant after removing the influence of female 2D:4D. A positive association of male right and left 2D:4D was detected with the percentage of male deaths. At the national level, high mean 2D:4D (indicating low prenatal testosterone/high prenatal estrogen) is associated with high CFRs and percent male mortality. At the individual level, high 2D:4D may be a risk factor for severity of COVID-19 in males. We speculate that male 2D:4D is a negative correlate for expression of the SARS-CoV2 receptor (ACE2)."}, {"pmid": 32437571, "title": "Estimating Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection Risk in Health Care Workers.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Wong, Shuk-Ching", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437571", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32187459, "title": "Facing Covid-19 in Italy - Ethics, Logistics, and Therapeutics on the Epidemic's Front Line.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rosenbaum, Lisa"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187459", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405780, "pmcid": "PMC7220569", "title": "Research Progress of Drug Treatment in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.", "journal": "AAPS PharmSciTech", "authors": ["Yan, Junqiang", "Liu, Anran", "Huang, Jiarui", "Wu, Jiannan", "Fan, Hua"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405780", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 10, 2020, more than 100,000 novel coronavirus pneumonia cases have been confirmed globally. With the continuous spread of the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic in even the world, prevention and treatment of the disease have become urgent tasks. The drugs currently being developed are not adequate to deal with this critical situation. In addition to being controlled through effective isolation, we need a rapid response from the healthcare and biotechnology industries to accelerate drug treatment research. By reviewing the currently available literature published at home and abroad, we summarize the current research progress of drug treatment during the epidemic period. At present, the drugs that can be used for treatment mainly include antiviral drugs, antimalarials, glucocorticoids, plasma therapy, biological agents, and traditional Chinese medicine. The effectiveness and safety of drug therapy need to be confirmed by more clinical studies."}, {"pmid": 32213224, "pmcid": "PMC7138612", "title": "End-of-life care in the emergency department for the patient imminently dying of a highly transmissible acute respiratory infection (such as COVID-19).", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Hendin, Ariel", "La Riviere, Christian G", "Williscroft, David M", "O'Connor, Erin", "Hughes, Jennifer", "Fischer, Lisa M"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213224", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327128, "pmcid": "PMC7167498", "title": "Preparedness among Ophthalmologists: During and Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Olivia Li, Ji-Peng", "Shantha, Jessica", "Wong, Tien Y", "Wong, Edmund Y", "Mehta, Jod", "Lin, Haotian", "Lin, Xiaofeng", "Strouthidis, Nicholas G", "Park, Ki Ho", "Fung, Adrian T", "McLeod, Stephen D", "Busin, Massimo", "Parke, David W 2nd", "Holland, Gary N", "Chodosh, James", "Yeh, Steven", "Ting, Daniel S W"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327128", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492353, "title": "Preparing for COVID-19 Related Drug Shortages.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Shuman, Andrew G", "Fox, Erin", "Unguru, Yoram"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492353", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494291, "pmcid": "PMC7238693", "title": "COVID-19: fear, explanation, action, unity and ingenuity and World Hand Hygiene Day.", "journal": "J Infect Prev", "authors": ["Loveday, Heather", "Wilson, Jennie"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494291", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283512, "pmcid": "PMC7139243", "title": "Mental health of medical workers in Pakistan during the pandemic COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Rana, Waleed", "Mukhtar, Sonia", "Mukhtar, Shamim"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283512", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400375, "title": "[Kronisk syge og udsatte gruppers situation under COVID-19-pandemien].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Norredam, Marie", "Benfiels, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400375", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276196, "pmcid": "PMC7195354", "title": "Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Lu, Wen", "Wang, Hang", "Lin, Yuxing", "Li, Li"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276196", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has burdened an unprecedented psychological stress on people around the world, especially\u00a0the medical workforce. The study focuses on assess the psychological status of them. The authors conducted a single-center, cross-sectional survey via online questionnaires. Occurrence of fear, anxiety and depression were measured by the numeric rating scale (NRS) on fear, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), respectively. A total of 2299 eligible participants were enrolled from the authors' institution, including 2042 medical staff and 257 administrative staff. The severity of fear, anxiety and depression were significantly different between two groups. Furthermore, as compared to the non-clinical staff, front line medical staff with close contact with infected patients, including working in the departments of respiratory,\u00a0emergency,\u00a0infectious disease, and ICU, showed higher scores on fear scale, HAMA and HAMD, and they were 1.4 times more likely to feel fear, twice more likely to suffer anxiety and depression. The medical staff especially working in above-mentioned departments made them more susceptible to psychological disorders. Effective strategies toward to improving the mental health should be provided to these individuals."}, {"pmid": 32234465, "pmcid": "PMC7118423", "title": "Recent progress in understanding 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated with human respiratory disease: detection, mechanisms and treatment.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Kang, Shuntong", "Peng, Wenyao", "Zhu, Yuhao", "Lu, Shiyao", "Zhou, Min", "Lin, Wei", "Wu, Wenfang", "Huang, Shu", "Jiang, Liping", "Luo, Xuan", "Deng, Meichun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234465", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viral respiratory diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) always pose a severe threat to people. First identified in late December 2019, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV; SARS-CoV-2) has affected many provinces in China and multiple countries worldwide. The viral outbreak has aroused panic and a public-health emergency around the world, and the number of infections continues to rise. However, the causes and consequences of the pneumonia remain unknown. To effectively implement epidemic prevention, early identification and diagnosis are critical to disease control. Here we scrutinise a series of available studies by global scientists on the clinical manifestations, detection methods and treatment options for the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and also propose potential strategies for preventing the infection."}, {"pmid": 32338180, "title": "The probability of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva.", "journal": "Stat Methods Med Res", "authors": ["Thompson, R N", "Cunniffe, N J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338180", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233034, "title": "Overview of guidance for endoscopy during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Lui, Rashid N", "Wong, Sunny H", "Sanchez-Luna, Sergio A", "Pellino, Gianluca", "Bollipo, Steven", "Wong, Mei-Yin", "Chiu, Philip W Y", "Sung, Joseph J Y"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233034", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From its beginning in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak has spread globally from Wuhan and is now declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The sheer scale and severity of this pandemic is unprecedented in the modern era. Although primarily a respiratory tract infection transmitted by direct contact and droplets, during aerosol-generating procedures, there is a possibility of airborne transmission. In addition, emerging evidence suggests possible fecal-oral spread of the virus. Clinical departments that perform endoscopy are faced with daunting challenges during this pandemic. To date, multiple position statements and guidelines have been issued by various professional organizations to recommend practices in endoscopic procedures. This article aims to summarize and discuss available evidence for these practices, to provide guidance for endoscopy to enhance patient safety, avoid nosocomial outbreaks, protect healthcare personnel, and ensure rational use of personal protective equipment. Responses adapted to national recommendations and local infection control guidelines and tailored to the availability of medical resources are imminently needed to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32414417, "pmcid": "PMC7228434", "title": "Therapeutic plasma exchange as a routine therapy in septic shock and as an experimental treatment for COVID-19: we are not sure.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Honore, Patrick M", "Mugisha, Aude", "Kugener, Luc", "Redant, Sebastien", "Attou, Rachid", "Gallerani, Andrea", "De Bels, David"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414417", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478936, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and Guillain-Barre syndrome: AIDP variant with favorable outcome.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Lascano, Agustina M", "Epiney, Jean-Benoit", "Coen, Matteo", "Serratrice, Jacques", "Bernard-Valnet, Raphael", "Lalive, Patrice H", "Kuntzer, Thierry", "Hubers, Annemarie"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478936", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The entire world has been experiencing the outbreak of a novel infectious agent known as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)1 . Life-threatening complications described in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients include acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney failure and cardiac injury2 . Nonetheless, only few neurological complications have been described so far3 ."}, {"pmid": 32343419, "pmcid": "PMC7267641", "title": "The application of Temporary Ark Hospitals in controlling COVID-19 spread: the experiences of one Temporary Ark Hospital, Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yuan, Yan", "Qiu, Tao", "Wang, Tianyu", "Zhou, Jiangqiao", "Ma, Yonggang", "Liu, Xiuheng", "Deng, Hongping"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343419", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China spread worldwide, resulting in a large number of deaths. Temporary Ark hospitals (TAH) have played an important role in controlling the spread of the epidemic in the city of Wuhan. Taking one TAH with 800 beds as an example, we summarized details of the layout, setting, working mode of medical staffs, patient management, admission standards, discharge standards, and standards for transferring to another hospital, hospital operation, and so on. Over the period of operation, a total of 1,124 patients were admitted for treatment. Of these, 833 patients were cured and discharged from the hospital and 291 patients were transferred to other designated hospitals owing to aggravation of their condition. The achievement is to have zero infection for medical staff, zero in-hospital deaths among admitted patients, and zero readmission for discharged patients. The rapid deployment of TAH provided a suitable place for treating mild/moderate or no asymptomatic COVID-19 patients and successfully helped to control the infection in Wuhan. The successful model of TAH would rapidly and effectively control the spread of COVID-19 in other cities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32513665, "title": "Remdesivir in Patients with Acute or Chronic Kidney Disease and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Adamsick, Meagan L", "Gandhi, Ronak G", "Bidell, Monique R", "Elshaboury, Ramy H", "Bhattacharyya, Roby P", "Kim, Arthur Y", "Nigwekar, Sagar", "Rhee, Eugene P", "Sise, Meghan E"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513665", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530063, "title": "Herpes zoster in COVID-19-positive patients.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Tartari, Federico", "Spadotto, Alberto", "Zengarini, Corrado", "Zanoni, Rossana", "Guglielmo, Alba", "Adorno, Alexander", "Valzania, Cinzia", "Pileri, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530063", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383819, "pmcid": "PMC7235530", "title": "COVID-19 infection in children and adolescents with cancer in Madrid.", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["de Rojas, Teresa", "Perez-Martinez, Antonio", "Cela, Elena", "Baragano, Marta", "Galan, Victor", "Mata, Cristina", "Pereto, Alba", "Madero, Luis"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383819", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508009, "title": "Thalidomide combined with low-dose short-term glucocorticoid in the treatment of critical Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Chen, Chengshui", "Qi, Feng", "Shi, Keqing", "Li, Yuping", "Li, Ji", "Chen, Yongping", "Pan, Jingye", "Zhou, Tieli", "Lin, Xiangyang", "Zhang, Jinsan", "Luo, Yongde", "Li, Xiaokun", "Xia, Jinglin"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508009", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32154287, "pmcid": "PMC7036629", "title": "Chinese expert consensus on the perinatal and neonatal management for the prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection (First edition).", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Wang, Laishuan", "Shi, Yuan", "Xiao, Tiantian", "Fu, Jianhua", "Feng, Xing", "Mu, Dezhi", "Feng, Qi", "Hei, Mingyan", "Hu, Xiaojing", "Li, Zhankui", "Lu, Guoping", "Tang, Zezhong", "Wang, Yajuan", "Wang, Chuanqing", "Xia, Shiwen", "Xu, Jianqing", "Yang, Yujia", "Yang, Jie", "Zeng, Mei", "Zheng, Jun", "Zhou, Wei", "Zhou, Xiaoyu", "Zhou, Xiaoguang", "Du, Lizhong", "Lee, Shoo K", "Zhou, Wenhao"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32154287", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, there has been an outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in China. Two cases of neonates with positive 2019-nCoV tests have been reported. Due to the immature immune system and the possibility of vertical transmission from mother to infant, neonates have become a high-risk group susceptible to 2019-nCoV, which emphasize a close cooperation from both perinatal and neonatal pediatrics. In neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), to prevent and control infection, there should be practical measures to ensure the optimal management of children potentially to be infected. According to the latest 2019-nCoV national management plan and the actual situation, the Chinese Neonatal 2019-nCoV expert working Group has put forward measures on the prevention and control of neonatal 2019-nCoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32479712, "pmcid": "PMC7255391", "title": "An Online Educational Platform in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Yang, Lucy Liu", "Stevens, Jia Liu", "Campbell, Marta Janina"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479712", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474987, "title": "What has Covid-19 taken from us and brought instead?", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Buduneli, Nurcan"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474987", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340542, "title": "A Commentary on the Challenges of Telemedicine for Head and Neck Oncologic Patients during COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Triantafillou, Vasiliki", "Rajasekaran, Karthik"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340542", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented and historic event that presents unique challenges to patient care to medical providers worldwide. The pandemic and the ensuing rapid changes to medical practice have particularly affected head and neck cancer surgeons and their patients. In an effort to balance the needs of our patients with the risks to patient and staff safety, we have been tasked with finding alternatives to the traditional office visit. In this commentary, we discuss how telemedicine can be incorporated into the head and neck surgery practice, the challenges that we have faced, and the dilemmas with which we have dealt in our efforts to fulfill the ongoing need for care of this unique patient population."}, {"pmid": 32313848, "pmcid": "PMC7166005", "title": "Precision medicine in COVID-19: IL-1beta a potential target.", "journal": "JACC Basic Transl Sci", "authors": ["Parisi, Valentina", "Leosco, Dario"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313848", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527864, "title": "Response to: 'Telerheumatology in COVID-19 era: a study from a psoriatic arthritis cohort' by Costa et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Gupta, Latika", "Misra, Durga Prasanna", "Agarwal, Vishwesh", "Balan, Suma", "Agarwal, Vikas"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527864", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32023685, "title": "[Potential antiviral therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, H", "Wang, Y M", "Xu, J Y", "Cao, B"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023685", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, China is caused by a novel coronavirus, named 2019-nCoV, which is genetically close to a bat-derived coronavirus. 2019-nCoV is categorized as beta genus coronavirus, same as the two other strains - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Antiviral drugs commonly used in clinical practice, including neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, paramivir, zanamivir, etc.), ganciclovir, acyclovir and ribavirin, are invalid for 2019-nCoV and not recommended. Drugs are possibly effective for 2019-nCoV include: remdesivir, lopinavir / ritonavir, lopinavir / ritonavir combined with interferon-\u03b2, convalescent plasma, and monoclonal antibodies. But the efficacy and safety of these drugs for 2019-nCoV pneumonia patients need to be assessed by further clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32434725, "pmcid": "PMC7187853", "title": "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During the Coronavirus Crisis: Important Updates for the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia Community.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205660, "pmcid": "PMC7141583", "title": "Novel Coronavirus and Orthopaedic Surgery: Early Experiences from Singapore.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Chang Liang, Zhen", "Wang, Wilson", "Murphy, Diarmuid", "Po Hui, James Hoi"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205660", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343502, "title": "Allocating Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hyder, Adnan A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343502", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386670, "pmcid": "PMC7252051", "title": "A new modification of a visor mask for use with a head-light and loupes.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Barraclough, J", "Parmar, J"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386670", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453250, "title": "Why the Use of Angiotensin II May Be a Fatal Mistake in Covid-19.", "journal": "Shock", "authors": ["Ferreira, Jason", "Mcmanus, Jessica", "Jankowski, Christopher A", "Searcy, Randi"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453250", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419707, "pmcid": "PMC7225717", "title": "[A tool to support the work of surgical teams and face the Covid 19 pandemic].", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Maestre, Jose M", "Luis Rabago, Jose", "Moral, Ignacio Del"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419707", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306751, "title": "Novel 2019 coronavirus: Genome structure, clinical trials, and outstanding questions.", "journal": "Exp Biol Med (Maywood)", "authors": ["Jogalekar, Manasi P", "Veerabathini, Anurag", "Gangadaran, Prakash"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306751", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early availability of the sequence, the genetic material of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), has prompted efforts towards identifying a safe and effective vaccine in the current public health emergency. To that end, understanding the pathophysiology of disease is crucial for scientists around the world. Since conventional vaccine development and manufacturing may take several years, it is important to think about alternative strategies that we could use to mitigate imminent catastrophe. We hope that this article will open up new avenues and provide insights that could potentially save hundreds of lives affected by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32254064, "pmcid": "PMC7259988", "title": "Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Bloch, Evan M", "Shoham, Shmuel", "Casadevall, Arturo", "Sachais, Bruce S", "Shaz, Beth", "Winters, Jeffrey L", "van Buskirk, Camille", "Grossman, Brenda J", "Joyner, Michael", "Henderson, Jeffrey P", "Pekosz, Andrew", "Lau, Bryan", "Wesolowski, Amy", "Katz, Louis", "Shan, Hua", "Auwaerter, Paul G", "Thomas, David", "Sullivan, David J", "Paneth, Nigel", "Gehrie, Eric", "Spitalnik, Steven", "Hod, Eldad A", "Pollack, Lewis", "Nicholson, Wayne T", "Pirofski, Liise-Anne", "Bailey, Jeffrey A", "Tobian, Aaron Ar"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32254064", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spurred a global health crisis. To date, there are no proven options for prophylaxis for those who have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, nor therapy for those who develop COVID-19. Immune (i.e., \"convalescent\") plasma refers to plasma that is collected from individuals following resolution of infection and development of antibodies. Passive antibody administration through transfusion of convalescent plasma may offer the only short-term strategy for conferring immediate immunity to susceptible individuals. There are numerous examples in which convalescent plasma has been used successfully as postexposure prophylaxis and/or treatment of infectious diseases, including other outbreaks of coronaviruses (e.g., SARS-1, Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS]). Convalescent plasma has also been used in the COVID-19 pandemic; limited data from China suggest clinical benefit, including radiological resolution, reduction in viral loads, and improved survival. Globally, blood centers have robust infrastructure for undertaking collections and constructing inventories of convalescent plasma to meet the growing demand. Nonetheless, there are nuanced challenges, both regulatory and logistical, spanning donor eligibility, donor recruitment, collections, and transfusion itself. Data from rigorously controlled clinical trials of convalescent plasma are also few, underscoring the need to evaluate its use objectively for a range of indications (e.g., prevention vs. treatment) and patient populations (e.g., age, comorbid disease). We provide an overview of convalescent plasma, including evidence of benefit, regulatory considerations, logistical work flow, and proposed clinical trials, as scale-up is brought underway to mobilize this critical resource."}, {"pmid": 32470179, "title": "Management of Upper Airway Bleeding in COVID-19 Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.", "journal": "Laryngoscope", "authors": ["LoSavio, Phillip S", "Patel, Tirth", "Urban, Matthew J", "Tajudeen, Bobby", "Papagiannopoulos, Peter", "Revenaugh, Peter C", "Husain, Inna", "Batra, Pete S"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470179", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399912, "pmcid": "PMC7217615", "title": "Public Priorities and Concerns Regarding COVID-19 in an Online Discussion Forum: Longitudinal Topic Modeling.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Stokes, Daniel C", "Andy, Anietie", "Guntuku, Sharath Chandra", "Ungar, Lyle H", "Merchant, Raina M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399912", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458266, "pmcid": "PMC7250488", "title": "Intensive care unit isolation hood decreases risk of aerosolization during noninvasive ventilation with COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Shaw, Kendrick M", "Lang, Angela L", "Lozano, Rodrigo", "Szabo, Michele", "Smith, Samuel", "Wang, Jingping"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458266", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32169866, "title": "Covid-19: GPs call for same personal protective equipment as hospital doctors.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169866", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474280, "pmcid": "PMC7245244", "title": "Wastewater surveillance for population-wide Covid-19: The present and future.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Daughton, Christian G"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474280", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic (Coronavirus disease 2019) continues to expose countless unanticipated problems at all levels of the world's complex, interconnected society - global domino effects involving public health and safety, accessible health care, food security, stability of economies and financial institutions, and even the viability of democracies. These problems pose immense challenges that can voraciously consume human and capital resources. Tracking the initiation, spread, and changing trends of Covid-19 at population-wide scales is one of the most daunting challenges, especially the urgent need to map the distribution and magnitude of Covid-19 in near real-time. Other than pre-exposure prophylaxis or therapeutic treatments, the most important tool is the ability to quickly identify infected individuals. The mainstay approach for epidemics has long involved the large-scale application of diagnostic testing at the individual case level. However, this approach faces overwhelming challenges in providing fast surveys of large populations. An epidemiological tool developed and refined by environmental scientists over the last 20\u00a0years (Wastewater-Based Epidemiology - WBE) holds the potential as a key tool in containing and mitigating Covid-19 outbreaks while also minimizing domino effects such as unnecessarily long stay-at-home policies that stress humans and economies alike. WBE measures chemical signatures in sewage, such as fragment biomarkers from the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), simply by applying the type of clinical diagnostic testing (designed for individuals) to the collective signature of entire communities. As such, it could rapidly establish the presence of Covid-19 infections across an entire community. Surprisingly, this tool has not been widely embraced by epidemiologists or public health officials. Presented is an overview of why and how governments should exercise prudence and begin evaluating WBE and coordinating development of a standardized WBE methodology - one that could be deployed within nationalized monitoring networks to provide intercomparable data across nations."}, {"pmid": 32414675, "pmcid": "PMC7214331", "title": "Problems related with anticoagulant usage during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord", "authors": ["Doganci, Suat", "Yildirim, Alperen Kutay"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508022, "title": "Acute lung injury in patients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Li, Liyang", "Huang, Qihong", "Wang, Diane C", "Ingbar, David H", "Wang, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508022", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the 2020 Spring Festival in China, the outbreak of a novel coronavirus, named COVID-19 by WHO, brought on a worldwide panic. According to the clinical data of infected patients, radiologic evidence of lung edema is common and deserves clinical attention. Lung edema is a manifestation of acute lung injury (ALI) and may progress to hypoxemia and potentially acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients diagnosed with ARDS have poorer prognosis and potentially higher mortality. Although no effective treatment is formally approved for COVID-19 infection, support of ventilation with oxygen therapy and sometimes mechanical ventilation is often required. Treatment with systemic and/or local glucocorticoids might be helpful to alleviate the pulmonary inflammation and edema, which may decrease the development and/or consequences of ARDS. In this article, we focus on the lung edema and ALI of patients with this widely transmitted COVID-19 infection in order to provide clinical indications and potential therapeutic targets for clinicians and researchers."}, {"pmid": 32355985, "pmcid": "PMC7197544", "title": "Letter: Safety Instructions for Neurosurgeons During COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Recent Knowledge and Experience.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Muhammad, Sajjad", "Tanikawa, Rokuya", "Lawton, Michael T", "Niemela, Mika", "Hanggi, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355985", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516818, "title": "Interim Management of COVID-19 by Repurposed Homeopathic Medicines.", "journal": "Homeopathy", "authors": ["Basu, Nilanjana", "Das, Bhudev Chandra", "Tandon, Simran"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516818", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391742, "title": "Abdominal Imaging Findings in COVID-19: Preliminary Observations.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Bhayana, Rajesh", "Som, Avik", "Li, Matthew D", "Carey, Denston E", "Anderson, Mark A", "Blake, Michael A", "Catalano, Onofrio", "Gee, Michael S", "Hahn, Peter F", "Harisinghani, Mukesh", "Kilcoyne, Aoife", "Lee, Susanna I", "Mojtahed, Amirkasra", "Pandharipande, Pari V", "Pierce, Theodore T", "Rosman, David A", "Saini, Sanjay", "Samir, Anthony E", "Simeone, Joseph F", "Gervais, Debra A", "Velmahos, George", "Misdraji, Joseph", "Kambadakone, Avinash"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391742", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a target of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), demonstrates its highest surface expression in the lung, small bowel, and vasculature, suggesting abdominal viscera may be susceptible to injury. Purpose To report abdominal imaging findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, patients consecutively admitted to a single quaternary care center from 3/27/2020 to 4/10/2020 who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were included. Abdominal imaging studies performed in these patients were reviewed and salient findings recorded. Medical records were reviewed for clinical data. Univariable analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results 412 patients (average age 57 years; range 18->90 years; 241 men, 171 women) were evaluated. 224 abdominal imaging studies were performed (radiographs, n=137; ultrasound, n=44; CT, n=42; MRI, n=1) in 134 patients (33%). Abdominal imaging was associated with age (odds ratio [OR] 1.03 per year increase, p=0.001) and ICU admission (OR 17.3, p<0.001). Bowel wall abnormalities were seen on 31% of CT scans (13 of 42) and were associated with ICU admission (OR 15.5, p=0.01). Bowel findings included pneumatosis or portal venous gas, seen on 20% of CT scans in ICU patients (4 of 20). Surgical correlation (n=4) revealed unusual yellow discoloration of bowel (n=3) and bowel infarction (n=2). Pathology demonstrated ischemic enteritis with patchy necrosis and fibrin thrombi in arterioles (n=2). Of right upper quadrant ultrasounds, 87% (32 of 37) were performed for liver laboratory findings, and 54% (20 of 37) demonstrated a dilated sludge-filled gallbladder suggestive of cholestasis. Patients with a cholecystostomy tube placed (n=4) had negative bacterial cultures. Conclusion Bowel abnormalities and cholestasis were common findings on abdominal imaging of inpatients with COVID-19. Patients who went to laparotomy often had ischemia, possibly due to small vessel thrombosis."}, {"pmid": 32438453, "title": "Integrating COVID-19 Volunteer Response into the Year 3 MD Curriculum.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Haines, Morgan J", "Cm Yu, Alec", "Ching, Geoffrey", "Kestler, Mary"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438453", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The University of British Columbia (UBC) Faculty of Medicine suspended clinical rotations for medical students on March 14, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. At that time 291 Year 3 medical students were engaged in clerkships across British Columbia and urgently needed an academic pathway to advance to Year 4 on schedule."}, {"pmid": 32273254, "pmcid": "PMC7269703", "title": "Cannabidiol as prophylaxis for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19? Unfounded claims versus potential risks of medications during the pandemic.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Brown, Joshua D"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273254", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398552, "title": "Editorial: Postcards from War Zones-Personal Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Orthop Relat Res", "authors": ["Leopold, Seth S", "Dobbs, Matthew B"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398552", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389845, "pmcid": "PMC7205638", "title": "Coronavirus 2019 and health systems affected by protracted conflict: The case of Syria.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Abbara, Aula", "Rayes, Diana", "Fahham, Ola", "Alhiraki, Omar Alrashid", "Khalil, Munzer", "Alomar, Abdulrahman", "Tarakji, Ahmad"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389845", "countries": ["Syrian Arab Republic"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Two thirds of countries globally are unprepared to respond to a health emergency as per the International Health Regulations (2005), with conflict-affected countries like Syria being particularly vulnerable. Political influences on outbreak preparedness, response and reporting may also adversely affect control of SARS-CoV-2 in Syria. Syria reported its first case on 22 March 2020; however, concerns were raised that this was delayed and that underreporting continues. Syria's conflict has displaced more than half of its pre-war population, leaving 6.7 million people internally displaced. The consequent overcrowding - with insufficient water, sanitation and healthcare (including laboratory capacity) - could lead to conditions that are ideal for spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Syria. Political changes have led to the formation of at least three health systems within Syria's borders, each with its own governance, capacity and planning. This fragmentation, with little interaction between them, could lead to poor resource allocation and adversely affect control. As such, COVID-19 could overwhelm the health systems (particularly intensive care capacity), leading to high deaths across the population, particularly for the most vulnerable such as detainees. Locally implementable interventions that rapidly build WASH and health system capacity are required across Syria to ensure early detection and management of COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32376359, "pmcid": "PMC7196559", "title": "Design of a peptide-based subunit vaccine against novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Microb Pathog", "authors": ["Kalita, Parismita", "Padhi, Aditya K", "Zhang, Kam Y J", "Tripathi, Timir"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376359", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that was first reported in Wuhan, China, and has subsequently spread worldwide. In the absence of any antiviral or immunomodulatory therapies, the disease is spreading at an alarming rate. A possibility of a resurgence of COVID-19 in places where lockdowns have already worked is also developing. Thus, for controlling COVID-19, vaccines may be a better option than drugs. An mRNA-based anti-COVID-19 candidate vaccine has entered a phase 1 clinical trial. However, its efficacy and potency have to be evaluated and validated. Since vaccines have high failure rates, as an alternative, we are presenting a new, designed multi-peptide subunit-based epitope vaccine against COVID-19. The recombinant vaccine construct comprises an adjuvant, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL), helper T-lymphocyte (HTL), and B-cell epitopes joined by linkers. The computational data suggest that the vaccine is non-toxic, non-allergenic, thermostable, with the capability to elicit a humoral and cell-mediated immune response. The stabilization of the vaccine construct is validated with molecular dynamics simulation studies. This unique vaccine is made up of 33 highly antigenic epitopes from three proteins that have a prominent role in host-receptor recognition, viral entry, and pathogenicity. We advocate this vaccine must be synthesized and tested urgently as a public health priority."}, {"pmid": 32513225, "title": "Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitors: A potential prophylactic treatment option for SARS-CoV-2-induced respiratory complications?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Mohamed, Mahmoud M A", "El-Shimy, Ismail Amr", "Hadi, Muhammad Abdul"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513225", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269087, "pmcid": "PMC7144267", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Infection in Newborn Babies Under 28 Days in China.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Zhang, Zhi-Jiang", "Yu, Xue-Jie", "Fu, Tao", "Liu, Yu", "Jiang, Yan", "Yang, Bing Xiang", "Bi, Yongyi"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269087", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous studies described the clinical features of Covid-19 in adults and infants under 1\u2005year of age. Little is known about features, outcomes and intrauterine transmission potential in newborn babies aged 28\u2005days or less. Through systematical searching, we identified 4 infections in newborn babies in China as of March 13. The age range was 30\u2005h to 17\u2005days old. Three were male. Two newborn babies had fever, 1 had shortness of breath, 1 had cough and 1 had no syndromes. Supportive treatment was provided for all 4 newborn babies. None required intensive unit care or mechanical ventilation. None had any severe complications. Three newborn babies recovered by the end of this study and had been discharged with 16, 23, and 30\u2005days of hospital stay. All 4 mothers were infected by SARS-CoV-2, 3 showing symptoms before and 1 after delivery. Cesarean section was used for all 4 mothers, 3 at level III hospitals and 1 at a level II hospital. Three newborn babies were separated from mothers right after being born and were not breastfed. In summary, newborn babies are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The symptoms in newborn babies were milder and outcomes were less severe as compared to adults. Intrauterine vertical transmission is possible but direct evidence is still lacking."}, {"pmid": 32291593, "pmcid": "PMC7156134", "title": "Our darkest hours (being neurosurgeons during the COVID-19 war).", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Borsa, Stefano", "Bertani, Giulio", "Pluderi, Mauro", "Locatelli, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291593", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338353, "title": "2020 - the year of the nurse and midwife: a call for action to scale up and strengthen the nursing and midwifery workforce in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.", "journal": "East Mediterr Health J", "authors": ["Al-Mandhari, Ahmed", "Gedik, F Gulin", "Mataria, Awad", "Oweis, Arwa", "Hajjeh, Rana"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338353", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared 2020 as the Year of the Nurse and the Midwife. World Health Day on 7 April is dedicated to supporting nurses and midwives and highlights the central role of these professions in advancing universal health coverage, achieving health-related sustainable development goals, and the Eastern Mediterranean Region Vision 2023: Health for All by All. This year, we sadly mark World Health Day in the face of the devastating COVID-19 pandemic, which has brought to attention more than ever the crucial and invaluable role of health workers, who are working tirelessly day and night to care for patients and save lives. In fighting COVID-19, not only might they become infected and put their own lives at risk, but they also face distress and burnout because of long working hours. In addition, many health workers have to be away from their homes for prolonged periods, for fear of putting their own families at risk of acquiring the infection. Even before the pandemic, the safety and security of health workers in the Eastern Mediterranean Region has been a significant concern, as more than half of the countries of the Region face acute and protracted crises, and 70- 80% of total recorded attacks on health facilities globally occur in the Eastern Mediterranean Region."}, {"pmid": 32405043, "title": "Anti-vaccine movement could undermine efforts to end coronavirus pandemic, researchers warn.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ball, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405043", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527868, "title": "Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID-19): a multicentre cohort.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Pouletty, Marie", "Borocco, Charlotte", "Ouldali, Naim", "Caseris, Marion", "Basmaci, Romain", "Lachaume, Noemie", "Bensaid, Philippe", "Pichard, Samia", "Kouider, Hanane", "Morelle, Guillaume", "Craiu, Irina", "Pondarre, Corinne", "Deho, Anna", "Maroni, Arielle", "Oualha, Mehdi", "Amoura, Zahir", "Haroche, Julien", "Chommeloux, Juliette", "Bajolle, Fanny", "Beyler, Constance", "Bonacorsi, Stephane", "Carcelain, Guislaine", "Kone-Paut, Isabelle", "Bader-Meunier, Brigitte", "Faye, Albert", "Meinzer, Ulrich", "Galeotti, Caroline", "Melki, Isabelle"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527868", "countries": ["France", "Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current data suggest that COVID-19 is less frequent in children, with a milder course. However, over the past weeks, an increase in the number of children presenting to hospitals in the greater Paris region with a phenotype resembling Kawasaki disease (KD) has led to an alert by the French national health authorities. Multicentre compilation of patients with KD in Paris region since April 2020, associated with the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ('Kawa-COVID-19'). A historical cohort of 'classical' KD served as a comparator. Sixteen patients were included (sex ratio=1, median age 10 years IQR (4\u00b77 to 12.5)). SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 11 cases (69%), while a further five cases had documented recent contact with a quantitative PCR-positive individual (31%). Cardiac involvement included myocarditis in 44% (n=7). Factors prognostic for the development of severe disease (ie, requiring intensive care, n=7) were age over 5 years and ferritinaemia >1400\u2009\u00b5g/L. Only five patients (31%) were successfully treated with a single intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) infusion, while 10 patients (62%) required a second line of treatment. The Kawa-COVID-19 cohort differed from a comparator group of 'classical' KD by older age at onset 10 vs 2 years (p<0.0001), lower platelet count (188 vs 383\u2009G/L (p<0.0001)), a higher rate of myocarditis 7/16 vs 3/220 (p=0.0001) and resistance to first IVIg treatment 10/16 vs 45/220 (p=0.004). Kawa-COVID-19 likely represents a new systemic inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Further prospective international studies are necessary to confirm these findings and better understand the pathophysiology of Kawa-COVID-19. Trial registration number NCT02377245."}, {"pmid": 32298767, "pmcid": "PMC7194951", "title": "COVID-19: Abnormal liver function tests.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Cai, Qingxian", "Huang, Deliang", "Yu, Hong", "Zhu, Zhibin", "Xia, Zhang", "Su, Yinan", "Li, Zhiwei", "Zhou, Guangde", "Gou, Jizhou", "Qu, Jiuxin", "Sun, Yan", "Liu, Yingxia", "He, Qing", "Chen, Jun", "Liu, Lei", "Xu, Lin"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298767", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent data on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has begun to shine light on the impact of the disease on the liver. But no studies to date have systematically described liver test abnormalities in patients with COVID-19. We evaluated the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in patients with abnormal liver test results. Clinical records and laboratory results were obtained from 417 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to the only referral hospital in Shenzhen, China from January 11 to February 21, 2020 and followed up to March 7, 2020. Information on clinical features of patients with abnormal liver tests were collected for analysis. Of 417 patients with COVID-19, 318 (76.3%) had abnormal liver test results and 90 (21.5%) had liver injury during hospitalization. The presence of abnormal liver tests became more pronounced during hospitalization within 2 weeks, with 49 (23.4%), 31 (14.8%), 24 (11.5%) and 51 (24.4%) patients having alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels elevated to more than 3\u00d7 the upper limit of normal, respectively. Patients with abnormal liver tests of hepatocellular type or mixed type at admission had higher odds of progressing to severe disease (odds ratios [ORs] 2.73; 95% CI 1.19-6.3, and 4.44, 95% CI 1.93-10.23, respectively). The use of lopinavir/ritonavir was also found to lead to increased odds of liver injury (OR from 4.44 to 5.03, both p <0.01). Patients with abnormal liver tests were at higher risk of progressing to severe disease. The detrimental effects on liver injury mainly related to certain medications used during hospitalization, which should be monitored and evaluated frequently. Data on liver tests in patients with COVID-19 are scarce. We observed a high prevalence of liver test abnormalities and liver injury in 417 patients with COVID-19 admitted to our referral center, and the prevalence increased substantially during hospitalization. The presence of abnormal liver tests and liver injury were associated with the progression to severe pneumonia. The detrimental effects on liver injury were related to certain medications used during hospitalization, which warrants frequent monitoring and evaluation for these patients."}, {"pmid": 32268719, "title": "Intubation and mechanical ventilation of patients with COVID-19: what should we tell them?", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Zareifopoulos, Nicholas", "Lagadinou, Maria", "Karela, Anastasia", "Karantzogiannis, Gerasimos", "Velissaris, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268719", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe COVID-19 illness is characterised by the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), for which the mainstay of treatment is represented by mechanical ventilation. Mortality associated with ARDS due to other causes is in the range of 40-60%, but currently available data are not yet sufficient to draw safe conclusions on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients who require mechanical ventilation. Based on data from cohorts of the related coronavirus-associated illnesses, that is to say Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), prognosis would seem to be worse than ARDS due to other causes such as trauma and other infections. Discussion of prognosis is central to obtaining informed consent for intubation, but in the absence of definitive data it is not clear exactly what this discussion should entail."}, {"pmid": 32453390, "pmcid": "PMC7251498", "title": "Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Patients Admitted for Childbirth in Southern Connecticut.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Campbell, Katherine H", "Tornatore, Jean M", "Lawrence, Kirsten E", "Illuzzi, Jessica L", "Sussman, L Scott", "Lipkind, Heather S", "Pettker, Christian M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453390", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486847, "title": "Delivering healthcare at distance to cardiac patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences from clinical practice.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs", "authors": ["Klompstra, Leonie", "Jaarsma, Tiny"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486847", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366375, "title": "Management of respiratory failure due to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wilcox, Susan R"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366375", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395672, "pmcid": "PMC7212958", "title": "Guidelines to Reduce Hospitalization Rates for Patients Receiving Curative-Intent Radiation Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Report from a Multicenter New York Area Institution.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Chen, William C", "Teckie, Sewit", "Somerstein, Gayle", "Adair, Nilda", "Potters, Louis"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395672", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic spreads around the globe, access to radiation therapy remains critical for cancer patients. The priority for all radiation oncology departments is to protect the staff and to maintain operations in providing access to those patients requiring radiation therapy services. Patients with tumors of the aerodigestive tract and pelvis amongst others often experience toxicity during treatment, and there is a baseline risk that adverse effects may require hospital-based management. Routine care during weekly visits is important to guide patients through treatment and to mitigate against the need for hospitalization. Nevertheless, hospitalizations occur and there is a risk of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 spread. During the COVID-19 pandemic, typical resources used to help manage patients, such as dental services, interventional radiology, rehabilitation and others are limited or not at all available. Recognizing the need to provide access to treatment and the anticipated toxicity of such treatment, we have developed and implemented guidelines for clinical care management with the hope of avoiding added risk to our patients. If successful, these concepts may be integrated into our care directives in non-pandemic times."}, {"pmid": 32361688, "pmcid": "PMC7177122", "title": "Can glycopyrrolate come to the airway rescue in Covid-19 patients?", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Garg, Heena"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361688", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251791, "pmcid": "PMC7195378", "title": "A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Moriguchi, Takeshi", "Harii, Norikazu", "Goto, Junko", "Harada, Daiki", "Sugawara, Hisanori", "Takamino, Junichi", "Ueno, Masateru", "Sakata, Hiroki", "Kondo, Kengo", "Myose, Natsuhiko", "Nakao, Atsuhito", "Takeda, Masayuki", "Haro, Hirotaka", "Inoue, Osamu", "Suzuki-Inoue, Katsue", "Kubokawa, Kayo", "Ogihara, Shinji", "Sasaki, Tomoyuki", "Kinouchi, Hiroyuki", "Kojin, Hiroyuki", "Ito, Masami", "Onishi, Hiroshi", "Shimizu, Tatsuya", "Sasaki, Yu", "Enomoto, Nobuyuki", "Ishihara, Hiroshi", "Furuya, Shiomi", "Yamamoto, Tomoko", "Shimada, Shinji"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251791", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus (SARS-Coronavirus-2:SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in Wuhan, China, has spread to multiple countries rapidly. We report the first case of meningitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 who was brought in by ambulance due to a convulsion accompanied by unconsciousness. He had never been to any foreign countries. He felt generalized fatigue and fever (day 1). He saw doctors nearby twice (day 2 and 5) and was prescribed Laninamivir and antipyretic agents, His family visited his home and found that he was unconsciousness and lying on the floor in his vomit. He was immediately transported to this hospital by ambulance (day 9). Under emergency transport, he had transient generalized seizures that lasted about a minute. He had obvious neck stiffness. The specific SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in the nasopharyngeal swab but was detected in a CSF. Anti- HSV 1 and varicella-zoster IgM antibodies were not detected in serum samples. A brain MRI showed hyperintensity along the wall of right lateral ventricle and hyperintense signal changes in the right mesial temporal lobe and hippocampus, suggesting the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 meningitis. This case warns the physicians of patients who have CNS symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32513768, "title": "COVID-19 presenting with diarrhoea and hyponatraemia.", "journal": "BMJ Case Rep", "authors": ["Ata, Fateen", "Almasri, Hussam", "Sajid, Jamal", "Yousaf, Zohaib"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513768", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a viral disease with a high infectivity rate. The full spectrum of the disease is not yet understood. This understanding may help in limiting potential exposure. We present a young man with diarrhoea, abdominal pain and hyponatraemia who turned out to be positive for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32304466, "title": "FECAL-ORAL TRANSMISSION OF SARS-COV-2 IN CHILDREN: IS IT TIME TO CHANGE OUR APPROACH?", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Dona, Daniele", "Minotti, Chiara", "Costenaro, Paola", "Da Dalt, Liviana", "Giaquinto, Carlo"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304466", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Starting from 2 pediatric cases of COVID-19, with confirmation at nasopharyngeal and rectal swabs, we considered the lesson learnt from previous Coronavirus epidemics and reviewed evidence on the current outbreak. Surveillance with rectal swabs might be extended to infants and children, for the implications for household contacts and isolation timing."}, {"pmid": 32369475, "title": "[Recommendations of the Society of Gastroenterology of Peru to avoid the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through digestive endoscopy procedures].", "journal": "Rev Gastroenterol Peru", "authors": ["Prochazka Za Rate, Ricardo Arturo", "Cabrera Cabrejos, Maria Cecilia", "Piscoya, Alejandro", "Vera Calderon, Augusto Francisco"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369475", "countries": ["Peru"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus produces the disease called COVID-19, currently spreading in a rapidly evolving pandemic. It can be transmitted by contact, drops and aerosols, and has been isolated from gastrointestinal secretions and faeces. During digestive endoscopy, transmission by any of these mechanisms could occur. It is recommended to limit digestive endoscopy to cases of digestive bleeding, severe dysphagia, foreign body in the digestive tract, biliary obstruction with intractable pain or cholangitis, pseudocyst or complicated encapsulated pancreatic necrosis, gastrointestinal obstruction, and cases at risk of deterioration over time. It is recommended to screen patients based on temperature, symptoms, and epidemiological factors to classify them according to their risk of infection. For procedures in low risk patients, personnel must wear a disposable gown, gloves, eye or face shield, standard surgical mask, disposable hat, disposable shoe covers. In cases of intermediate or high risk, or confirmed COVID-19, protection should be increased using disposable waterproof gown, N95 respirator or similar, and double glove. In case of shortage it may be necessary to reuse N95 respirators for up to 5 uses, following CDC recommendations for donning, removing and storing to prevent secondary contact contamination. Likewise, all protective equipment should be put on and removed according to CDC recommendations. The presence of personnel in endoscopy should be limited to the bare minimum. Said personnel must have daily temperature control and if it is above 37.3\u00baC, the corresponding evaluation must be carried out. After each procedure, the stretcher and room surfaces should be properly disinfected. High-level disinfection of endoscopes eliminates SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32330432, "pmcid": "PMC7173818", "title": "The implications of COVID-19 for the care of children living in residential institutions.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Goldman, Philip S", "van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H", "Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521294, "title": "Comment on \"The experience on coronavirus disease 2019 and cancer from an oncology hub institution in Milan, Lombardy Region\" and reflections from the Italian Association of Oncology Nurses.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Biagioli, Valentina", "Belloni, Silvia", "Albanesi, Beatrice", "Piredda, Alessio", "Caruso, Rosario"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521294", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487434, "pmcid": "PMC7253968", "title": "Considerations for the management of home parenteral nutrition during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A position paper from the Home Artificial Nutrition and Chronic Intestinal Failure Special Interest Group of ESPEN.", "journal": "Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Lal, Simon", "Van Gossum, Andre", "Joly, Francisca", "Bozzetti, Federico", "Cuerda, Cristina", "Lamprecht, Georg", "Mundi, Manpreet S", "Staun, Michael", "Szczepanek, Kinga", "Wanten, Geert", "Wheatley, Carolyn", "Pironi, Loris"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487434", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The management of patients with chronic intestinal failure requiring home parenteral nutrition has been and will continue to be impaired during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Multidisciplinary intestinal failure teams may have to adapt their clinical approaches to home care, outpatient care as well as hospital admission and discharge in order to keep this vulnerable group of patients as safe and well as possible during the unprecedented challenges that countries are facing during the pandemic. Equally, it is important that expert advice from intestinal failure teams is available when home parenteral nutrition (HPN)-dependent patients require admission with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The Home Artificial Nutrition & Chronic Intestinal Failure Special Interest Group of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) has developed a position paper to outline areas for intestinal failure teams to consider when managing patients with chronic intestinal failure during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32291082, "pmcid": "PMC7151300", "title": "Reflections on the quality of health care after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "J Healthc Qual Res", "authors": ["Carrasco, Genis"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291082", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528113, "title": "Borrow crisis tactics to get COVID-19 supplies to where they are needed.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cramton, Peter", "Ockenfels, Axel", "Roth, Alvin E", "Wilson, Robert B"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528113", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387342, "pmcid": "PMC7199686", "title": "Letter to editor: Severe brain haemorrhage and concomitant COVID-19 Infection: A neurovascular complication of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Muhammad, Sajjad", "Petridis, Athanasios", "Cornelius, Jan Frederick", "Hanggi, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387342", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329881, "title": "Eculizumab treatment in patients with COVID-19: preliminary results from real life ASL Napoli 2 Nord experience.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Diurno, F", "Numis, F G", "Porta, G", "Cirillo, F", "Maddaluno, S", "Ragozzino, A", "De Negri, P", "Di Gennaro, C", "Pagano, A", "Allegorico, E", "Bressy, L", "Bosso, G", "Ferrara, A", "Serra, C", "Montisci, A", "D'Amico, M", "Schiano Lo Morello, S", "Di Costanzo, G", "Tucci, A G", "Marchetti, P", "Di Vincenzo, U", "Sorrentino, I", "Casciotta, A", "Fusco, M", "Buonerba, C", "Berretta, M", "Ceccarelli, M", "Nunnari, G", "Diessa, Y", "Cicala, S", "Facchini, G"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329881", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2)-related pneumonia, referred to as COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 19), is a public health emergency as it carries high morbidity, mortality, and has no approved specific pharmacological treatments. In this case series, we aimed to report preliminary data obtained with anti-complement C5 therapy with eculizumab in COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of ASL Napoli 2 Nord. This is a case series of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 infection and severe pneumonia or ARDS who were treated with up to 4 infusions of eculizumab as an off-label agent. Patients were also treated with anticoagulant therapy with Enoxaparin 4000 IU/day via subcutaneous injection, antiviral therapy with Lopinavir 800 mg/day + Ritonavir 200 mg/day, hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day, ceftriaxone 2 g/day IV, vitamine C 6 g/day for 4 days, and were on Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV). We treated four COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit because of severe pneumonia or ARDS. All patients successfully recovered after treatment with eculizumab. Eculizumab induced a drop in inflammatory markers. Mean C Reactive Protein levels dropped from 14.6 mg/dl to 3.5 mg/dl and the mean duration of the disease was 12.8 days. Eculizumab has the potential to be a key player in treatment of severe cases of COVID-19. Our results support eculizumab use as an off-label treatment of COVID-19, pending confirmation from the ongoing SOLID-C19 trial."}, {"pmid": 32393438, "pmcid": "PMC7217700", "title": "Intelligent classification of platelet aggregates by agonist type.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Zhou, Yuqi", "Yasumoto, Atsushi", "Lei, Cheng", "Huang, Chun-Jung", "Kobayashi, Hirofumi", "Wu, Yunzhao", "Yan, Sheng", "Sun, Chia-Wei", "Yatomi, Yutaka", "Goda, Keisuke"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393438", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Platelets are anucleate cells in blood whose principal function is to stop bleeding by forming aggregates for hemostatic reactions. In addition to their participation in physiological hemostasis, platelet aggregates are also involved in pathological thrombosis and play an important role in inflammation, atherosclerosis, and cancer metastasis. The aggregation of platelets is elicited by various agonists, but these platelet aggregates have long been considered indistinguishable and impossible to classify. Here we present an intelligent method for classifying them by agonist type. It is based on a convolutional neural network trained by high-throughput imaging flow cytometry of blood cells to identify and differentiate subtle yet appreciable morphological features of platelet aggregates activated by different types of agonists. The method is a powerful tool for studying the underlying mechanism of platelet aggregation and is expected to open a window on an entirely new class of clinical diagnostics, pharmacometrics, and therapeutics."}, {"pmid": 32482684, "title": "Managing individual and population risk from covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bradley, Stephen H", "Kirby, Elizabeth", "Wheatstone, Pete"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482684", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531299, "title": "Addressing the public mental health challenge of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Campion, Jonathan", "Javed, Afzal", "Sartorius, Norman", "Marmot, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531299", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303970, "pmcid": "PMC7164520", "title": "Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Henry, Brandon Michael", "de Oliveira, Maria Helena Santos", "Benoit, Justin", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303970", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487283, "title": "Effect of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, South Korea, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ryu, Sukhyun", "Ali, Seikh Taslim", "Jang, Cheolsun", "Kim, Baekjin", "Cowling, Benjamin J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487283", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We analyzed transmission of coronavirus disease outside of the Daegu-Gyeongsangbuk provincial region in South Korea. We estimated that nonpharmaceutical measures reduced transmissibility by a maximum of 34% without resorting to a strict lockdown strategy. To optimize epidemic control, continuous efforts to monitor the transmissibility are needed."}, {"pmid": 32447293, "title": "Frontline fighters: the continued fight against COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Gynecol Cancer", "authors": ["Akilli, Huseyin", "Celik, Husnu", "Taskiran, Cagatay", "Bilir, Esra", "Gultekin, Murat"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196032, "pmcid": "PMC7269184", "title": "PRESCIENT: platform for the rapid evaluation of antibody success using integrated microfluidics enabled technology.", "journal": "Lab Chip", "authors": ["Wippold, Jose A", "Wang, Han", "Tingling, Joseph", "Leibowitz, Julian L", "de Figueiredo, Paul", "Han, Arum"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196032", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Identifying antibodies (Abs) that neutralize infectious agents is the first step for developing therapeutics, vaccines, and diagnostic tools for these infectious agents. However, current approaches for identifying neutralizing Abs (nAbs) typically rely on dilution-based assays that are costly, inefficient, and only survey a small subset of the entire repertoire. There are also intrinsic biases in many steps of conventional nAb identification processes. More importantly, conventional assays rely on simple Ab-antigen binding assays, which may not result in identifying the most potent nAbs, as the strongest binder may not be the most potent nAb. Droplet microfluidic systems have the capability to overcome such limitations by conducting complex multi-step assays with high reliability, resolution, and throughput in a pico-liter volume water-in-oil emulsion droplet format. Here, we describe the development of PRESCIENT (Platform for the Rapid Evaluation of antibody SucCess using Integrated microfluidics ENabled Technology), a droplet microfluidic system that can enable high-throughput single-cell resolution identification of nAb repertoires elicited in response to viral infection. We demonstrate PRESCIENT's ability to identify Abs that neutralize a model viral agent, Murine coronavirus (murine hepatitis virus), which causes high mortality rates in experimentally infected mice. In-droplet infection of host cells by the virus was first demonstrated, followed by demonstration of in-droplet neutralization by nAbs produced from a single Ab-producing hybridoma cell. Finally, fluorescence intensity analyses of two populations of hybridoma cell lines (nAb-producing and non-nAb-producing hybridoma cell lines) successfully discriminated between the two populations. The presented strategy and platform have the potential to identify and investigate neutralizing activities against a broad range of potential infectious agents for which nAbs have yet to be discovered, significantly advancing the nAb identification process as well as reinvigorating the field of Ab discovery, characterization, and development."}, {"pmid": 32474140, "pmcid": "PMC7247782", "title": "Maternal choline and respiratory coronavirus effects on fetal brain development.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Res", "authors": ["Freedman, Robert", "Hunter, Sharon K", "Law, Amanda J", "D'Alessandro, Angelo", "Noonan, Kathleen", "Wyrwa, Anna", "Camille Hoffman, M"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474140", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prenatal COVID-19 infection is anticipated by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control to affect fetal development similarly to other common respiratory coronaviruses through effects of the maternal inflammatory response on the fetus and placenta. Plasma choline levels were measured at 16 weeks gestation in 43 mothers who had contracted common respiratory viruses during the first 6-16 weeks of pregnancy and 53 mothers who had not. When their infants reached 3 months of age, mothers completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R), which assesses their infants' level of activity (Surgency), their fearfulness and sadness (Negativity), and their ability to maintain attention and bond to their parents and caretakers (Regulation). Infants of mothers who had contracted a moderately severe respiratory virus infection and had higher gestational choline serum levels (\u22657.5\u00a0mM consistent with U.S. Food and Drug Administration dietary recommendations) had significantly increased development of their ability to maintain attention and to bond with their parents (Regulation), compared to infants whose mothers had contracted an infection but had lower choline levels (<7.5\u00a0mM). For infants of mothers with choline levels \u22657.5\u00a0\u03bcM, there was no effect of viral infection on infant IBQ-R Regulation, compared to infants of mothers who were not infected. Higher choline levels obtained through diet or supplements may protect fetal development and support infant early behavioral development even if the mother contracts a viral infection in early gestation when the brain is first being formed."}, {"pmid": 32508395, "pmcid": "PMC7264666", "title": "Neighborhood Effects and Urban Inequalities: The Impact of Covid-19 on the Periphery of Salvador, Brazil.", "journal": "City Soc (Wash)", "authors": ["de Oliveira, Lucas Amaral", "de Aguiar Arantes, Rafael"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508395", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406226, "title": "Living with a disability during the pandemic. \"Instant paper from the field\" on rehabilitation answers to the COVID-19 emergency.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Boldrini, Paolo", "Garcea, Marina", "Brichetto, Giampaolo", "Reale, Nicoletta", "Tonolo, Silvia", "Falabella, Vincenzo", "Fedeli, Francesca", "Cnops, Anne A", "Kiekens, Carlotte"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406226", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is creating collateral damage to persons with disabling conditions of different aetiology. The restrictions imposed to contain the spread of infection is limiting the access to many health services, including rehabilitation. It is expected that such situation will lead to long lasting negative consequences for persons with disability, increasing functional limitations in chronic conditions and hindering the recovery after acute events. The aim of this paper is to explore the impact on people with disability, reporting the contents of the sixth Italian Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (SIMFER) webinar on the COVID-19 impact on rehabilitation (\"Covinars\"). Seven representatives of Associations of persons affected by different disabling conditions described the difficulties they are facing during the pandemic, the initiatives undertaken to support their members and their future perspectives and expectations. The users' inputs will be helpful in planning the future phases of the emergency and improve preparedness for other emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32342637, "pmcid": "PMC7267455", "title": "COVID-19 and obesity.", "journal": "Clin Obes", "authors": ["Finer, Nick", "Garnett, Sarah P", "Bruun, Jens M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342637", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506699, "title": "Incidence of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases treated with targeted immunosuppressive drugs: what can we learn from observational data?", "journal": "Arthritis Rheumatol", "authors": ["Favalli, Ennio Giulio", "Monti, Sara", "Ingegnoli, Francesca", "Balduzzi, Silvia", "Caporali, Roberto", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506699", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the incidence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in rheumatic patients treated with targeted synthetic or biological anti-rheumatic drugs (ts/bDMARDs) compared with the general population living in the same Italian region. Patients followed at two referral rheumatology centres in Lombardy from 25th February to 10th April 2020 were invited to participate in a survey to detect patients with confirmed COVID-19, close contacts with known COVID-19 cases, symptoms of infection, working, behavioural and disease management changes applied to prevent the contagion. The incidence of COVID-19 in the Lombardy population was obtained from the National Institute of Statistics. Confirmed COVID-19 was defined by nasopharyngeal swab. The survey was circulated amongst 955 patients (531 rheumatoid arthritis, 203 psoriatic arthritis, 181 spondyloarthritis, and 40 of connective tissue diseases/vasculitides/autoinflammatory diseases; mean age 53.7 years; female: 67.4%). The rate of responders was 98.05%. The incidence of confirmed COVID-19 is consistent with the general population (0.62% vs 0.66%; p=0.92). None of the patients had severe complications or required intensive care treatment, and all of them temporarily discontinued ongoing ts/bDMARDs therapy. Almost all patients adopted precautions to prevent the contagion (90.6%) and maintained the ongoing treatment with ts/bDMARDs (93.2%). The disease activity remained stable in 89.5% of patients. Our results highlight the attitude from rheumatic patients to prevent the contagion while maintaining their chronic treatments. The incidence and severity of COVID-19 in patients treated with ts/bDMARDs was not significantly different from that of the general population in the same region."}, {"pmid": 32079638, "pmcid": "PMC7033275", "title": "Complete Genome Sequences of Five Human Coronavirus NL63 Strains Causing Respiratory Illness in Hospitalized Children in China.", "journal": "Microbiol Resour Announc", "authors": ["Zhang, Lu", "Gan, Mian", "Zhang, Zhaoyong", "Li, Xin", "Liu, Wenkuan", "Zhu, Airu", "Sun, Jing", "Li, Fang", "Wang, Yanqun", "Zhang, Fuchun", "Zhao, Jingxian", "Zhou, Rong", "Zhao, Jincun"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32079638", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the complete genome sequences of five human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) strains obtained using next-generation sequencing. The five HCoV-NL63 strains were obtained from hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infection detected in Guangdong, China. This study provides several complete genomes of HCoV-NL63 and improves our understanding of HCoV-NL63 evolution in China."}, {"pmid": 32405141, "pmcid": "PMC7218395", "title": "Comment on \"Practice Recommendations for Risk-Adapted Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An ASTRO-ESTRO Consensus Statement\".", "journal": "Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys", "authors": ["Gupta, Tejpal", "Agarwal, Jai Prakash", "Bentzen, Soren M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405141", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409625, "pmcid": "PMC7246092", "title": "'Your country needs you': the ethics of allocating staff to high-risk clinical roles in the management of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Dunn, Michael", "Sheehan, Mark", "Hordern, Joshua", "Turnham, Helen Lynne", "Wilkinson, Dominic"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409625", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic impacts on health service delivery, health providers are modifying care pathways and staffing models in ways that require health professionals to be reallocated to work in critical care settings. Many of the roles that staff are being allocated to in the intensive care unit and emergency department pose additional risks to themselves, and new policies for staff reallocation are causing distress and uncertainty to the professionals concerned. In this paper, we analyse a range of ethical issues associated with changes to staff allocation processes in the face of COVID-19. In line with a dominant view in the medical ethics literature, we claim, first, that no individual health professional has a specific, positive obligation to treat a patient when doing so places that professional at risk of harm, and so there is a clear ethical tension in any reallocation process in this context. Next, we argue that the changing asymmetries of health needs in hospitals means that careful consideration needs to be given to a stepwise process for deallocating staff from their usual duties. We conclude by considering how a justifiable process of reallocating professionals to high-risk clinical roles should be configured once those who are 'fit for reallocation' have been identified. We claim that this process needs to attend to three questions that we consider in detail: (1) how the choice to make reallocation decisions is made, (2) what justifiable models for reallocation might look like and (3) what is owed to those who are reallocated."}, {"pmid": 32430650, "pmcid": "PMC7237226", "title": "The Rising Number of COVID-19 Cases Reflecting Growing Search Trend and Concern of People: A Google Trend Analysis of Eight Major Countries.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Sharma, Manik", "Sharma, Samriti"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430650", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275178, "pmcid": "PMC7200864", "title": "Harnessing innate immunity to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 and ameliorate COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "Physiol Genomics", "authors": ["Golonka, Rachel M", "Saha, Piu", "Yeoh, Beng San", "Chattopadhyay, Saurabh", "Gewirtz, Andrew T", "Joe, Bina", "Vijay-Kumar, Matam"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275178", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171390, "pmcid": "PMC7118515", "title": "Real estimates of mortality following COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Baud, David", "Qi, Xiaolong", "Nielsen-Saines, Karin", "Musso, Didier", "Pomar, Leo", "Favre, Guillaume"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171390", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388452, "pmcid": "PMC7194705", "title": "Neuropsychiatric and cognitive effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on multiple sclerosis patients.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Haji Akhoundi, Fahimeh", "Sahraian, Mohammad Ali", "Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388452", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412914, "title": "Using Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Mahajan, Vidushi", "Singh, Tanvi", "Azad, Chandrika"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412914", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Telemedicine is the delivery of health care services using information or communication technology. In the current pandemic scenario, telemedicine can supplement health-care delivery in the absence of in-person visit. The Government of India has recently launched the e-sanjeevani OPD, a National teleconsultation service, which has been adopted by many state governments as mandatory for health-care providers. With Indian Medical Association issuing an advisory against the use of telemedicine except in few situations, a lot of confusion exists in the mind of a pediatrician. Despite the uncertain situation, we have to remember that other diseases shall not stall in the face of a pandemic. Since telemedicine is an evolving subject, training of medical professionals, clear guidelines and good quality internet service systems will go a long way in increasing the acceptability of telemedicine in the Indian population. We herein discuss issues related to using telemedicine during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32489175, "pmcid": "PMC7268274", "title": "Letter to the editor: SARS-CoV-2 detection by real-time RT-PCR.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Pillonel, Trestan", "Scherz, Valentin", "Jaton, Katia", "Greub, Gilbert", "Bertelli, Claire"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489175", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227759, "title": "Feeding Low-Income Children during the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Dunn, Caroline G", "Kenney, Erica", "Fleischhacker, Sheila E", "Bleich, Sara N"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227759", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340541, "title": "Laryngeal Evaluation during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Transcervical Laryngeal Ultrasonography.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Noel, Julia E", "Orloff, Lisa A", "Sung, Kwang"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340541", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has quickly become a global pandemic since its initial outbreak in China in late 2019. Institutions are faced with the challenge of upholding the standard of care while maintaining safety for health care personnel and patients. Due to the common performance of aerosol-generating endoscopic procedures in the upper respiratory tract, otolaryngologists are at uniquely high risk for potential infection. When possible, alternative diagnostic and treatment strategies should be pursued. For patients suspected of having functional laryngeal abnormalities, transcervical laryngeal ultrasound provides a rapid and noninvasive evaluation of vocal fold motion to inform decisions about safety of feeding, airway, and progression of care."}, {"pmid": 32341294, "pmcid": "PMC7217121", "title": "Towards precision delivery of ECMO in COVID-19 cardiorespiratory failure.", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Zochios, Vasileios", "Brodie, Daniel", "Parhar, Ken Kuljit"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341294", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490800, "title": "A Transdisciplinary COVID-19 Early Respiratory Intervention Protocol: An Implementation Story.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Westafer, Lauren M", "Elia, Tala", "Medarametla, Venkatrao", "Lagu, Tara"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490800", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241178, "title": "A dialogue between the editor-in-chief and a deputy editor of a cardiology journal during the coronavirus outbreak: Take-home messages from the Italian experience.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Piepoli, Massimo F", "Emdin, Michele"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241178", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292626, "pmcid": "PMC7102592", "title": "Core Outcome Set for Clinical Trials on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COS-COVID).", "journal": "Engineering (Beijing)", "authors": ["Jin, Xinyao", "Pang, Bo", "Zhang, Junhua", "Liu, Qingquan", "Yang, Zhongqi", "Feng, Jihong", "Liu, Xuezheng", "Zhang, Lei", "Wang, Baohe", "Huang, Yuhong", "Josephine Fauci, Alice", "Ma, Yuling", "Soo Lee, Myeong", "Yuan, Wei'an", "Xie, Yanming", "Tang, Jianyuan", "Gao, Rui", "Du, Liang", "Zhang, Shuo", "Qi, Hanmei", "Sun, Yu", "Zheng, Wenke", "Yang, Fengwen", "Chua, Huizi", "Wang, Keyi", "Ou, Yi", "Huang, Ming", "Zhu, Yan", "Yu, Jiajie", "Tian, Jinhui", "Zhao, Min", "Hu, Jingqing", "Yao, Chen", "Li, Youping", "Zhang, Boli"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292626", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its outbreak in December 2019, a series of clinical trials on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been registered or carried out. However, the significant heterogeneity and less critical outcomes of such trials may be leading to a waste of research resources. This study aimed to develop a core outcome set (COS) for clinical trials on COVID-19 in order to tackle the outcome issues. The study was conducted according to the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) handbook (version 1.0), a guideline for COS development. A research group was set up that included experts in respiratory and critical medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, evidence-based medicine, clinical pharmacology, and statistics, in addition to medical journal editors. Clinical trial registry websites (chictr.org.cn and clinicaltrials.gov) were searched to retrieve clinical trial protocols and outcomes in order to form an outcome pool. A total of 78 clinical trial protocols on COVID-19 were included and 259 outcomes were collected. After standardization, 132 outcomes were identified within seven different categories, of which 58 were selected to develop a preliminary outcome list for further consensus. After two rounds of Delphi survey and one consensus meeting, the most important outcomes for the different clinical classifications of COVID-19 were identified and determined to constitute the COS for clinical trials on COVID-19 (COS-COVID). The COS-COVID includes one outcome for the mild type (time to 2019-nCoV reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negativity), four outcomes for the ordinary type (length of hospital stay, composite events, score of clinical symptoms, and time to 2019-nCoV RT-PCR negativity), five outcomes for the severe type (composite events, length of hospital stay, arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), duration of mechanical ventilation, and time to 2019-nCoV RT-PCR negativity), one outcome for critical type (all-cause mortality), and one outcome for rehabilitation period (pulmonary function). The COS-COVID is currently the most valuable and practical clinical outcome set for the evaluation of intervention effect, and is useful for evidence assessment and decision-making. With a deepening understanding of COVID-19 and application feedback, the COS-COVID should be continuously updated."}, {"pmid": 32242886, "title": "The Dilemma of Coronavirus Disease 2019, Aging, and Cardiovascular Disease: Insights From Cardiovascular Aging Science.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["AlGhatrif, Majd", "Cingolani, Oscar", "Lakatta, Edward G"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242886", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32083985, "pmcid": "PMC7233368", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Perspective from China.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Zu, Zi Yue", "Jiang, Meng Di", "Xu, Peng Peng", "Chen, Wen", "Ni, Qian Qian", "Lu, Guang Ming", "Zhang, Long Jiang"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32083985", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and spread across China and beyond. On February 12, 2020, WHO officially named the disease caused by the novel coronavirus as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since most COVID-19 infected patients were diagnosed with pneumonia and characteristic CT imaging patterns, radiological examinations have become vital in early diagnosis and assessment of disease course. To date, CT findings have been recommended as major evidence for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 in Hubei, China. This review focuses on the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms of COVID-19, while highlighting the role of chest CT in prevention and disease control. A full translation of this article in Chinese is available."}, {"pmid": 32326343, "pmcid": "PMC7221591", "title": "Can Nanotechnology and Materials Science Help the Fight against SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Nanomaterials (Basel)", "authors": ["Sportelli, Maria Chiara", "Izzi, Margherita", "Kukushkina, Ekaterina A", "Hossain, Syed Imdadul", "Picca, Rosaria Anna", "Ditaranto, Nicoletta", "Cioffi, Nicola"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326343", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since 2004, we have been developing nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties, the so-called nanoantimicrobials. When the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged, we started investigating new and challenging routes to nanoantivirals. The two fields have some important points of contact. We would like to share with the readership our vision of the role a (nano)materials scientist can play in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. As researchers specifically working on surfaces and nanomaterials, in this letter we underline the importance of nanomaterial-based technological solutions in several aspects of the fight against the virus. While great resources are understandably being dedicated to treatment and diagnosis, more efforts could be dedicated to limit the virus spread. Increasing the efficacy of personal protection equipment, developing synergistic antiviral coatings, are only two of the cases discussed. This is not the first nor the last pandemic: our nanomaterials community may offer several technological solutions to challenge the ongoing and future global health emergencies. Readers' feedback and suggestions are warmly encouraged."}, {"pmid": 32526044, "title": "Alternative management for gynecological cancer care during the COVID-2019 pandemic: A Latin American survey.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Rodriguez, Juliana", "Fletcher, Angelica", "Heredia, Fernando", "Fernandez, Robinson", "Ramirez Salazar, Heidy", "Sanabria, Daniel", "Burbano Luna, Javier", "Guerrero, Eduardo", "Pierre, Marc-Edy", "Rendon, Gabriel J", "Rosero, Indira", "Trujillo, Lina Maria", "Ribeiro, Reitan", "Baiocchi, Glauco", "Lopez Blanco, Aldo", "Malca, Magaly", "Hoegl, Jorge", "Borges Garnica, Alfredo", "Lasso de la Vega, Jorge", "Scasso, Santiago", "Laufer, Joel", "Estrada, Erick Estuarto", "Gutierrez Criado, Armando", "Herbert Nunez, Guillermo Sidney", "Cantu-de Leon, David", "Medina, Gonzalo", "Pendola Gomez, Luis", "Saadi, Jose", "Noll, Florencia", "Arevalo Sandoval, Danilo", "Ferreira Oliveira, Alexandre", "Pareja, Rene"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526044", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the acceptance rate of treatment alternatives for women with either preinvasive conditions or gynecologic cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic among Latin American gynecological cancer specialists. Twelve experts in gynecological cancer designed an electronic survey, according to recommendations from international societies, using an online platform. The survey included 22 questions on five topics: consultation care, preinvasive cervical pathology, and cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. The questionnaire was distributed to 1052 specialists in 14 Latin American countries. A descriptive analysis was carried out using statistical software. A total of 610 responses were received, for an overall response rate of 58.0%. Respondents favored offering teleconsultation as triage for post-cancer treatment follow-up (94.6%), neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer (95.6%), and total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and defining adjuvant treatment with histopathological features in early stage endometrial cancer (85.4%). Other questions showed agreement rates of over 64%, except for review of pathology results in person and use of upfront concurrent chemoradiation for early stage cervical cancer (disagreement 56.4% and 58.9%, respectively). Latin American specialists accepted some alternative management strategies for gynecological cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may reflect the region's particularities."}, {"pmid": 32458739, "title": "Social Work Response Needed to the Challenge of COVID-19 for Aging People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilties.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["McCallion, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458739", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427403, "title": "Safe and effective management of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiaomeng", "Huang, Qiling", "Niu, Xun", "Zhou, Tao", "Xie, Zhen", "Zhong, Yi", "Xiao, Hongjun"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427403", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An increasing number of COVID-19 patients worldwide will probably need tracheostomy in an emergency or at the recovering stage of COVID-19. We explored the safe and effective management of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients, to benefit patients and protect health care workers at the same time. We retrospectively analyzed 11 hospitalized COVID-19 patients undergoing tracheostomy. Clinical features of patients, ventilator withdrawal after tracheostomy, surgical complications, and nosocomial infection of the health care workers associated with the tracheostomy were analyzed. The tracheostomy of all the 11 cases (100%) was performed successfully, including percutaneous tracheostomy of 6 cases (54.5%) and conventional open tracheostomy of 5 cases (45.5%). No severe postoperative complications occurred, and no health care workers associated with the tracheostomy are confirmed to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. Comprehensive evaluation before tracheostomy, optimized procedures during tracheostomy, and special care after tracheostomy can make the tracheostomy safe and beneficial in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32378864, "title": "Acute abdomen as an early symptom of COVID-19.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Sellevoll, Hilde Bastoe", "Saeed, Usman", "Young, Victoria Solveig", "Sandbaek, Gunnar", "Gundersen, Karsten", "Mala, Tom"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378864", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360509, "pmcid": "PMC7187861", "title": "What evidence-based medicine researchers can do to help clinicians fighting COVID-19?", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Ruano, Juan", "Gomez-Garcia, Francisco", "Pieper, Dawid", "Puljak, Livia"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360509", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492298, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention of Covid-19 - Searching for Evidence.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Cohen, Myron S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492298", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511989, "title": "Thoracic Surgical Oncology -Maintaining a High-Volume Surgical Program during the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Fitzmaurice, Gerard J", "Ryan, Ronan J", "Young, Vincent K", "Wall, Carmel", "Dunne, Eimhin", "Dowd, Noreen", "McDermott, Grainne", "Broderick, Alan", "Fanning, Niall"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511989", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thoracic surgical oncology is a time sensitive, high resource, complex surgical speciality to which Coronavirus has posed a unique challenge. In response to the evolving situation in mainland Europe, our department rapidly established a Covid-free site to maintain elective cancer surgery. This necessitated a strict admission pathway and perioperative patient management. It resulted in the maintenance of a high-volume, high-quality thoracic surgical oncology program with no Covid-19 positive cases to date. Maintaining satisfactory training levels amongst surgical and anaesthetic trainees has also been achieved. We suggest that this model could be adapted to local resource capabilities."}, {"pmid": 32418556, "title": "Predicted Effects of Stopping COVID-19 Lockdown on Italian Hospital Demand.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Bollon, Jordy", "Paganini, Matteo", "Nava, Consuelo Rubina", "De Vita, Nello", "Vaschetto, Rosanna", "Ragazzoni, Luca", "Della Corte, Francesco", "Barone-Adesi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418556", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy has been one of the first countries to implement mitigation measures to curb the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is currently a debate on when and how such measures should be loosened. To forecast the demand for hospital intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU beds for COVID-19 patients from May to September, we developed 2 models, assuming a gradual easing of restrictions or an intermittent lockdown. We used a compartmental model to evaluate 2 scenarios: (A) an intermittent lockdown; (B) a gradual relaxation of the lockdown. Predicted ICU and non-ICU demand was compared with the peak in hospital bed use observed in April 2020. Under scenario A, while ICU demand will remain below the peak, the number of non-ICU will substantially rise and will exceed it (133%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 94-171). Under scenario B, a rise in ICU and non-ICU demand will start in July and will progressively increase over the summer 2020, reaching 95% (95% CI: 71-121) and 237% (95% CI: 191-282) of the April peak. Italian hospital demand is likely to remain high in the next months. If restrictions are reduced, planning for the next several months should consider an increase in health-care resources to maintain surge capacity across the country."}, {"pmid": 32474031, "pmcid": "PMC7263270", "title": "Experience of short-term hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in COVID-19 patients and effect on QTc trend.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Hor, Chee Peng", "Hussin, Narwani", "Nalliah, Saravanaa", "Ooi, Way Ti", "Tang, Xing Yi", "Zachariah, Sara", "Jugindar Singh, Gurpreet Pal Singh", "Abdul Rani, Rosilawati", "Perumal, Kunaraj", "Cheah, Wee Kooi"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474031", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362678, "pmcid": "PMC7195021", "title": "Baculovirus transit through insect cell membranes: A mechanistic approach.", "journal": "Chem Eng Sci", "authors": ["Zhang, Youhong", "Enden, Giora", "Wei, Wei", "Zhou, Feng", "Chen, Jie", "Merchuk, Jose C"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362678", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Baculovirus systems are used for various purposes, but the kinetics of the infection process is not fully understood yet. We investigated the dynamics of virion movement from a medium toward the interior of insect cells and established a mechanistic model that shows an excellent fit to experimental results. It also makes possible a description of the viral dynamics on the cell surface. A novel measurement method was used to distinguish between infected cells that carry virions on their surfaces, cells that carry virions in their interior, and those carrying virions both inside and on their surface. The maximum number of virions carried by a cell: 55 viruses/cell, and the time required for viral internalization, 0.8 \n                        h\n                     , are reported. This information is particularly useful for assessing the infection efficacy and the required number of virions needed to infect a given cell population. Although our model specifically concerns the infection process of Sf9 insect cells by baculovirus, it describes general features of viral infection. Some of the model features may eventually be applicable in the studies towards palliation of the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32302078, "pmcid": "PMC7182018", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in New York City.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Goyal, Parag", "Choi, Justin J", "Pinheiro, Laura C", "Schenck, Edward J", "Chen, Ruijun", "Jabri, Assem", "Satlin, Michael J", "Campion, Thomas R Jr", "Nahid, Musarrat", "Ringel, Joanna B", "Hoffman, Katherine L", "Alshak, Mark N", "Li, Han A", "Wehmeyer, Graham T", "Rajan, Mangala", "Reshetnyak, Evgeniya", "Hupert, Nathaniel", "Horn, Evelyn M", "Martinez, Fernando J", "Gulick, Roy M", "Safford, Monika M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302078", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359413, "pmcid": "PMC7190289", "title": "Keeping COVID-19 at bay in Africa.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Makoni, Munyaradzi"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359413", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329784, "pmcid": "PMC7182958", "title": "Mental Health Status Among Children in Home Confinement During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in Hubei Province, China.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Xie, Xinyan", "Xue, Qi", "Zhou, Yu", "Zhu, Kaiheng", "Liu, Qi", "Zhang, Jiajia", "Song, Ranran"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329784", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442932, "title": "[COVID-19 experience in a private institution in Buenos Aires during the first month of the pandemic: 26 cases].", "journal": "Medicina (B Aires)", "authors": ["Wainer, Pedro", "Saavedra, Federico", "Tagliapietra, Valeria", "Abeledo, Daiana", "Migliore, Daniela", "Lapadula, Pablo", "Pryluka, Daniel", "Lopez Macchi, Gonzalo", "Diez, Eduardo", "Gnocchi, Cesar"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442932", "countries": ["Italy", "Argentina"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Argentina was reported in Buenos Aires on March 3rd, 2020, in a patient who arrived from Milan. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and course of illness of patients infected with Covid-19 that were hospitalized in a private clinical setting during March 2020. Sixty three patients suspected of COVID-19 infection, were admitted to our hospital during March 2020. Twenty six of these subjects were diagnosed positive by the RT-PCR for SARS Cov-2 in a nasopharyngeal swab specimen. We recorded data about epidemiological characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, in addition to comorbidities, laboratory and radiological studies were done. The median age was 40 years (SD \u00b1 15 years); there was an equal number of men and women; all the patients but one were coming from abroad; the most common symptom was fever (24/26 cases) and lymphopenia (n = 8). We found that there were patients in whom fever disappeared within the first 72h (n = 17) and another group in which the fever lasted six or more days (n = 7). One patient out of 26 died. The population of our study was young and almost all were imported cases, in alinement with the stage of the epidemic at the time when the study was conducted. We observed that there were two patterns in the fever curve but the persistence of it did not lead to a worse prognosis. Larger population studies are required in order to confirm these clinical findings."}, {"pmid": 32388476, "pmcid": "PMC7199671", "title": "Is copper beneficial for COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Raha, Syamal", "Mallick, Rahul", "Basak, Sanjay", "Duttaroy, Asim K"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388476", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for both pathogens and the hosts during viral infection. Cu is involved in the functions of critical immune cells such as T helper cells, B cells, neutrophils natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages. These blood cells are involved in the killing of infectious microbes, in cell-mediated immunity and the production of specific antibodies against the pathogens. Cu-deficient humans show an exceptional susceptibility to infections due to the decreased number and function of these blood cells. Besides, Cu can kill several infectious viruses such as bronchitis virus, poliovirus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1), other enveloped or nonenveloped, single- or double-stranded DNA and RNA viruses. Moreover, Cu has the potent capacity of contact killing of several viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Since the current outbreak of the COVID-19 continues to develop, and there is no vaccine or drugs are currently available, the critical option is now to make the immune system competent to fight against the SARS-CoV-2. Based on available data, we hypothesize that enrichment of plasma copper levels will boost both the innate and adaptive immunity in people. Moreover, owing to its potent antiviral activities, Cu may also act as a preventive and therapeutic regime against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32521068, "title": "COVID-19 is milder in children possibly due to cross immunity.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Sekhar Devulapalli, Chandra"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521068", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been unclear why the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-CoV-2) hits a small minority hard, while the vast majority of children appear to be protected and develop mild or no disease (1,2). The editorial by Brodin suggests some possible mechanisms why it is so (1). I would like to emphasize the significance of cross immunity due to previous exposure to seasonal coronavirus; it may be a plausible explanation for why children appear to be protected (2,3)."}, {"pmid": 32036640, "title": "[Ten hot issues of breast cancer under the novel coronavirus].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Jiang, Z F", "Li, J B"], "date": "2020-02-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32036640", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243566, "pmcid": "PMC7228282", "title": "Los derechos humanos de los ninos con discapacidad durante emergencias sanitarias: el desafio de COVID-19.", "journal": "Dev Med Child Neurol", "authors": ["Schiariti, Veronica"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243566", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471896, "title": "Response to: 'Case series of acute arthritis in COVID-19 admission' by Lopez-Gonzalez et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Graef, Elizabeth R", "Liew, Jean W", "Kim, Alfred Hj", "Sparks, Jeffrey A"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471896", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382877, "pmcid": "PMC7204189", "title": "[Acute Neurointerventions, Covid-19 and Chest-CT: SOP and Literature Review].", "journal": "Clin Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Urbach, Horst", "Janssen, Hendrik", "Linn, Jennifer", "Hoffmann, Titus", "Tritt, Stephanie", "Weber, Werner", "Wiesmann, Martin"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382877", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze standard operating procedures (SOP) of acute stroke imaging and interventions during COVID-19 pandemic with special emphasis on chest CT within a multimodal stroke protocol. A questionnaire was distributed via email to members of the Professional Organization of German Neuroradiologists (Berufsverband Deutscher Neuroradiologen e.V.). Answers were received from 25 units: eleven of them acquire chest CT, three in any patient and eight, when COVID-19 is suspected due to body temperature increase, patient's history or when the latter cannot be sufficiently obtained. Preliminary data indicate a high sensitivity and moderate negative predictive value. Different SOP reflect an uncertainty whether chest CT should be acquired as part of a multimodal stroke protocol. Accuracy of low dose chest CT cannot be determined yet. The strengths and limitations of chest CT are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32444414, "title": "Antibodies against immunogenic epitopes with high sequence identity to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with autoimmune dermatomyositis.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Megremis, Spyridon", "Walker, Thomas D J", "He, Xiaotong", "Ollier, William E R", "Chinoy, Hector", "Hampson, Lynne", "Hampson, Ian", "Lamb, Janine A"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444414", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315451, "pmcid": "PMC7173761", "title": "Barriers and facilitators to healthcare workers' adherence with infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases: a rapid qualitative evidence synthesis.", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "authors": ["Houghton, Catherine", "Meskell, Pauline", "Delaney, Hannah", "Smalle, Mike", "Glenton, Claire", "Booth, Andrew", "Chan, Xin Hui S", "Devane, Declan", "Biesty, Linda M"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315451", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review is one of a series of rapid reviews that Cochrane contributors have prepared to inform the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. When new respiratory infectious diseases become widespread, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers' adherence to infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines becomes even more important. Strategies in these guidelines include the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as masks, face shields, gloves and gowns; the separation of patients with respiratory infections from others; and stricter cleaning routines. These strategies can be difficult and time-consuming to adhere to in practice. Authorities and healthcare facilities therefore need to consider how best to support healthcare workers to implement them. To identify barriers and facilitators to healthcare workers' adherence to IPC guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases. We searched OVID MEDLINE on 26 March 2020. As we searched only one database due to time constraints, we also undertook a rigorous and comprehensive scoping exercise and search of the reference lists of key papers. We did not apply any date limit or language limits. We included qualitative and mixed-methods studies (with a distinct qualitative component) that focused on the experiences and perceptions of healthcare workers towards factors that impact on their ability to adhere to IPC guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases. We included studies of any type of healthcare worker with responsibility for patient care. We included studies that focused on IPC guidelines (local, national or international) for respiratory infectious diseases in any healthcare setting. These selection criteria were framed by an understanding of the needs of health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four review authors independently assessed the titles, abstracts and full texts identified by our search. We used a prespecified sampling frame to sample from the eligible studies, aiming to capture a range of respiratory infectious disease types, geographical spread and data-rich studies. We extracted data using a data extraction form designed for this synthesis. We assessed methodological limitations using an adapted version of the Critical Skills Appraisal Programme (CASP) tool. We used a 'best fit framework approach' to analyse and synthesise the evidence. This provided upfront analytical categories, with scope for further thematic analysis. We used the GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach to assess our confidence in each finding. We examined each review finding to identify factors that may influence intervention implementation and developed implications for practice. We found 36 relevant studies and sampled 20 of these studies for our analysis. Ten of these studies were from Asia, four from Africa, four from Central and North America and two from Australia. The studies explored the views and experiences of nurses, doctors and other healthcare workers when dealing with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H1N1, MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome), tuberculosis (TB), or seasonal influenza. Most of these healthcare workers worked in hospitals; others worked in primary and community care settings. Our review points to several barriers and facilitators that influenced healthcare workers' ability to adhere to IPC guidelines. The following factors are based on findings assessed as of moderate to high confidence. Healthcare workers felt unsure as to how to adhere to local guidelines when they were long and ambiguous or did not reflect national or international guidelines. They could feel overwhelmed because local guidelines were constantly changing. They also described how IPC strategies led to increased workloads and fatigue, for instance because they had to use PPE and take on additional cleaning. Healthcare workers described how their responses to IPC guidelines were influenced by the level of support they felt that they received from their management team. Clear communication about IPC guidelines was seen as vital. But healthcare workers pointed to a lack of training about the infection itself and about how to use PPE. They also thought it was a problem when training was not mandatory. Sufficient space to isolate patients was also seen as vital. A lack of isolation rooms, anterooms and shower facilities was a problem. Other important practical measures described by healthcare workers included minimising overcrowding, fast-tracking infected patients, restricting visitors, and providing easy access to handwashing facilities. A lack of PPE, and equipment that was of poor quality, was a serious concern for healthcare workers and managers. They also pointed to the need to adjust the volume of supplies as infection outbreaks continued. Healthcare workers believed that they followed IPC guidance more closely when they saw the value of it. Some healthcare workers felt motivated to follow the guidance because of fear of infecting themselves or their families, or because they felt responsible for their patients. Some healthcare workers found it difficult to use masks and other equipment when it made patients feel isolated, frightened or stigmatised. Healthcare workers also found masks and other equipment uncomfortable to use. The workplace culture could also influence whether healthcare workers followed IPC guidelines or not. Across many of the findings, healthcare workers pointed to the importance of including all staff, including cleaning staff, porters, kitchen staff and other support staff when implementing IPC guidelines. Healthcare workers point to several factors that influence their ability and willingness to follow IPC guidelines when managing respiratory infectious diseases. These include factors tied to the guideline itself and how it is communicated, support from managers, workplace culture, training, physical space, access to and trust in personal protective equipment, and a desire to deliver good patient care. The review also highlights the importance of including all facility staff, including support staff, when implementing IPC guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32472898, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and Otologic Surgery.", "journal": "J Craniofac Surg", "authors": ["Cetinkaya, Erdem Atalay"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472898", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "All around world, the COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating, and any insight we can learn from our colleagues who have either encountered or are currently going through this will be used to protect our patients, our medical staff, and ourselves. No one knows to the best of our understanding whether or not COVID-19 includes the respiratory mucosal lining the middle ear and mastoid air cell system-but it seems probable they do. Since the rest of the airways are affected, and so is the nose and nasopharynx, it seems possible that the lining of the Eustachian tube, middle ear and mastoid air cell system would all be polluted. Viral particle aerosolization, which can occur otologic surgery using powered instruments and they remain in the air for at least 3\u200ahours. Powered air purifying respirators are supplied even shorter than N95 masks, but strongly believed they are important for our team safety and protection. This mini review provides fundamental knowledge on otologic surgery feasibility in the COVID-19 pandemic from an objective perspective."}, {"pmid": 32398137, "pmcid": "PMC7216130", "title": "Impact of international travel dynamics on domestic spread of 2019-nCoV in India: origin-based risk assessment in importation of infected travelers.", "journal": "Global Health", "authors": ["Gunthe, Sachin S", "Patra, Satya S"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398137", "countries": ["China", "India", "United Arab Emirates", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic caused by the 2019 outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or COVID-19) has affected more than 3.0 million people resulting ~\u2009212,000 deaths across 215 countries/territories as on 28th April 2020. The importation of the cases owing to enormous international travels from the affected countries is the foremost reason for local cycle of transmission. For a country like India, the second most populous country in the world with ~\u20091.35 billion population, the management and control of 2019-nCoV domestic spread heavily relied on effective screening and strict quarantine of passengers arriving at various international airports in India from affected countries. Here, by extracting the data from FLIRT, an online airline database for more than 800 airlines, and scanning more than 180,000 flights and 39.9 million corresponding passenger seats during 4th - 25th March, we show that India experienced the highest risk index of importing the passengers from middle eastern airports. Contrary to perception, travelers from China imposed lowest risk of importing the infected cases in India. This is clearly evident form the fact that while the number of infected cases were on the peak in China India was one of the least affected countries. The number of cases in India started exhibiting a sharp increase in the infected cases only after the European countries and USA recorded large number of infected cases. We further argue that while the number of cases in middle eastern countries may still be very low, the airports in middle eastern countries, particularly Dubai, being one of the largest transit hubs for international passengers, including arriving in India, might have posed a higher risk of getting infected with 2019-nCoV. We suggest that any future travel related disease infection screening at the airports should critically assess the passengers from major transit hubs in addition to affected country of origin."}, {"pmid": 32294248, "pmcid": "PMC7235512", "title": "Improving communication about COVID-19 and emerging infectious diseases.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Jacobsen, Kathryn H", "Vraga, Emily K"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294248", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360372, "pmcid": "PMC7192106", "title": "An increased severity of peripheral arterial disease in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Sena, Giuseppe", "Gallelli, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360372", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32176808, "title": "Potential impact of seasonal forcing on a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Neher, Richard A", "Dyrdak, Robert", "Druelle, Valentin", "Hodcroft, Emma B", "Albert, Jan"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176808", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) first detected in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly since December 2019, causing more than 100,000 confirmed infections and 4000 fatalities (as of 10 March 2020). The outbreak has been declared a pandemic by the WHO on Mar 11, 2020. Here, we explore how seasonal variation in transmissibility could modulate a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Data from routine diagnostics show a strong and consistent seasonal variation of the four endemic coronaviruses (229E, HKU1, NL63, OC43) and we parameterise our model for SARS-CoV-2 using these data. The model allows for many subpopulations of different size with variable parameters. Simulations of different scenarios show that plausible parameters result in a small peak in early 2020 in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and a larger peak in winter 2020/2021. Variation in transmission and migration rates can result in substantial variation in prevalence between regions. While the uncertainty in parameters is large, the scenarios we explore show that transient reductions in the incidence rate might be due to a combination of seasonal variation and infection control efforts but do not necessarily mean the epidemic is contained. Seasonal forcing on SARS-CoV-2 should thus be taken into account in the further monitoring of the global transmission. The likely aggregated effect of seasonal variation, infection control measures, and transmission rate variation is a prolonged pandemic wave with lower prevalence at any given time, thereby providing a window of opportunity for better preparation of health care systems."}, {"pmid": 32377965, "pmcid": "PMC7202265", "title": "The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality.", "journal": "Aging Clin Exp Res", "authors": ["Ilie, Petre Cristian", "Stefanescu, Simina", "Smith, Lee"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377965", "countries": ["Switzerland", "Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "WHO declared SARS-CoV-2 a global pandemic. The present aim was to propose an hypothesis that there is a potential association between mean levels of vitamin D in various countries with cases and mortality caused by COVID-19. The mean levels of vitamin D for 20 European countries and morbidity and mortality caused by COVID-19 were acquired. Negative correlations between mean levels of vitamin D (average 56\u00a0mmol/L, STDEV 10.61) in each country and the number of COVID-19 cases/1\u00a0M (mean 295.95, STDEV 298.7, and mortality/1\u00a0M (mean 5.96, STDEV 15.13) were observed. Vitamin D levels are severely low in the aging population especially in Spain, Italy and Switzerland. This is also the most vulnerable group of the population in relation to COVID-19. It should be advisable to perform dedicated studies about vitamin D levels in COVID-19 patients with different degrees of disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32432672, "title": "Simulated Sunlight Rapidly Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ratnesar-Shumate, Shanna", "Williams, Gregory", "Green, Brian", "Krause, Melissa", "Holland, Brian", "Wood, Stewart", "Bohannon, Jordan", "Boydston, Jeremy", "Freeburger, Denise", "Hooper, Idris", "Beck, Katie", "Yeager, John", "Altamura, Louis A", "Biryukov, Jennifer", "Yolitz, Jason", "Schuit, Michael", "Wahl, Victoria", "Hevey, Michael", "Dabisch, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432672", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous studies have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 is stable on surfaces for extended periods under indoor conditions. In the present study, simulated sunlight rapidly inactivated SARS-CoV-2 suspended in either simulated saliva or culture media and dried on stainless steel coupons. Ninety percent of infectious virus was inactivated every 6.8 minutes in simulated saliva and every 14.3 minutes in culture media when exposed to simulated sunlight representative of the summer solstice at 40oN latitude at sea level on a clear day. Significant inactivation also occurred, albeit at a slower rate, under lower simulated sunlight levels. The present study provides the first evidence that sunlight may rapidly inactivate SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces, suggesting that persistence, and subsequently exposure risk, may vary significantly between indoor and outdoor environments. Additionally, these data indicate that natural sunlight may be effective as a disinfectant for contaminated non-porous materials."}, {"pmid": 32507498, "title": "Wearing masks and the fight against the novel coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Alizargar, Javad"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507498", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196544, "pmcid": "PMC7106065", "title": "Supporting Clinicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Dewey, Charlene", "Hingle, Susan", "Goelz, Elizabeth", "Linzer, Mark"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196544", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315122, "pmcid": "PMC7264582", "title": "COVID-19 in a High-Risk Dual Heart and Kidney Transplant Recipient.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Hsu, Jeffrey J", "Gaynor, Pryce", "Kamath, Megan", "Fan, Ashley", "Al-Saffar, Farah", "Cruz, Daniel", "Nsair, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315122", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly infecting people worldwide, resulting in the infectious disease coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) that has been declared a pandemic. Much remains unknown about COVID-19, including its effects on solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Given their immunosuppressed state, SOT recipients are presumed to be at high risk of complications with viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2. Limited case reports in single SOT recipients, however, have not suggested a particularly severe course in this population. In this report, we present a dual-organ (heart/kidney) transplant recipient who was found to have COVID-19 and, despite the presence of a number of risk factors for poor outcomes, had a relatively mild clinical course."}, {"pmid": 32379079, "pmcid": "PMC7224612", "title": "Tracheotomy in Ventilated Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Chao, Tiffany N", "Braslow, Benjamin M", "Martin, Niels D", "Chalian, Ara A", "Atkins, Joshua H", "Haas, Andrew R", "Rassekh, Christopher H"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379079", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403159, "pmcid": "PMC7272996", "title": "Comment on: Coronavirus 2019 in Geriatrics and Long-Term Care: The ABCDs of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Lopez, Ruth Palan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403159", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360400, "pmcid": "PMC7188620", "title": "Hyperglycemia and the worse prognosis of COVID-19. Why a fast blood glucose control should be mandatory.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Ceriello, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360400", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376641, "title": "Love in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Heath, Iona"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376641", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418114, "pmcid": "PMC7228868", "title": "Low dose of hydroxychloroquine reduces fatality of critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Yu, Bo", "Li, Chenze", "Chen, Peng", "Zhou, Ning", "Wang, Luyun", "Li, Jia", "Jiang, Hualiang", "Wang, Dao-Wen"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418114", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic with no specific drugs and high fatality. The most urgent need is to find effective treatments. We sought to determine whether hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) application may reduce the death risk of critically ill COVID-19 patients. In this retrospective study, we included 550 critically ill COVID-19 patients who need mechanical ventilation in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, from February 1, 2020 to April 4, 2020. All 550 patients received comparable basic treatments including antiviral drugs and antibiotics, and 48 of them were treated with oral HCQ treatment (200 mg twice a day for 7-10 days) in addition to the basic treatments. Primary endpoint is fatality of patients, and inflammatory cytokine levels were compared between HCQ and non-hydroxychloroquine (NHCQ) treatments. We found that fatalities are 18.8% (9/48) in HCQ group, which is significantly lower than 47.4% (238/502) in the NHCQ group (P<0.001). The time of hospital stay before patient death is 15 (10-21) days and 8 (4-14) days for the HCQ and NHCQ groups, respectively (P<0.05). The levels of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were significantly reduced from 22.2 (8.3-118.9) pg mL-1 at the beginning of the treatment to 5.2 (3.0-23.4) pg mL-1 (P<0.05) at the end of the treatment in the HCQ group but there is no change in the NHCQ group. These data demonstrate that addition of HCQ on top of the basic treatments is highly effective in reducing the fatality of critically ill patients of COVID-19 through attenuation of inflammatory cytokine storm. Therefore, HCQ should be prescribed as a part of treatment for critically ill COVID-19 patients, with possible outcome of saving lives. hydroxychloroquine, IL-6, mortalities, COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32418874, "pmcid": "PMC7192105", "title": "Patients with Genetic Heart Disease and COVID-19: A Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) Consensus Statement.", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Gray, Belinda", "Semsarian, Christopher", "Fatkin, Diane", "Ingles, Jodie", "Atherton, John J", "Davis, Andrew M", "Sanders, Prashanthan", "Pachter, Nicholas", "Skinner, Jonathan R", "Stiles, Martin K"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418874", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the current global COVID-19 pandemic, this Consensus Statement provides current recommendations for patients with, or at risk of developing, genetic heart disease, and for their health care management and service provision in Australia and New Zealand. Apart from general recommendations, there are specific recommendations for the following conditions: cardiomyopathy, Brugada syndrome (including in children), long QT syndrome (LQTS) and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Other recommendations are relevant to patient self-care and primary health care."}, {"pmid": 32518443, "pmcid": "PMC7270555", "title": "There are two types of the new coronavirus What does that mean? Jessica Hamzelou explains.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Hamzelou, Jessica"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518443", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32127666, "title": "Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).", "journal": "Nat Rev Drug Discov", "authors": ["Li, Guangdi", "De Clercq, Erik"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127666", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511678, "title": "Use of RAAS inhibitors and risk of clinical deterioration in COVID-19: results from an Italian cohort of 133 hypertensives.", "journal": "Am J Hypertens", "authors": ["Felice, C", "Nardin, C", "Di Tanna, G L", "Grossi, U", "Bernardi, E", "Scaldaferri, L", "Romagnoli, M", "Tonon, L", "Cavasin, P", "Novello, S", "Scarpa, R", "Farnia, A", "De Menis, E", "Rigoli, R", "Cinetto, F", "Pauletto, P", "Agostini, C", "Rattazzi, M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511678", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effect of chronic use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors on the severity of COVID-19 infection is still unclear in patients with hypertension. We aimed to investigate the association between chronic use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and COVID-19 related outcomes in hypertensive patients. A single center study was conducted on 133 consecutive hypertensive subjects presenting to the Emergency Department with acute respiratory symptoms and/or fever who were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection between 9th and 31st March 2020. All patients were grouped according to their chronic antihypertensive medications (ACEIs, N=40; ARBs, N=42; not on RAAS inhibitors, N=51). There was no statistical difference between ACEIs and ARBs groups in terms of hospital admission rate, oxygen therapy and need for non-invasive ventilation. Patients chronically treated with RAAS inhibitors showed a significantly lower rate of admission to semi-intensive/intensive care units, when compared to the non-RAAS population (odds ratio [OR] 0.25, CI95% 0.09-0.66 p=0.006). Similarly, the risk of mortality was lower in the former group, although not reaching statistical significance (OR 0.56, CI95% 0.17-1.83, p=0.341). Our data suggest that chronic use of RAAS inhibitors does not negatively affect clinical course of COVID-19 in hypertensive patients. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and determine whether RAAS inhibitors may have a protective effect on COVID 19-related morbidity and mortality."}, {"pmid": 32329948, "pmcid": "PMC7264503", "title": "Ethical framework for head and neck cancer care impacted by COVID-19.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Shuman, Andrew G", "Campbell, Bruce H"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329948", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has upended head and neck cancer care delivery in ways unforeseen and unprecedented. The impact of these changes parallels other fields in oncology, but is disproportionate due to protective measures and limitations on potentially aerosolizing procedures and related interventions specific to the upper aerodigestive tract. The moral and professional dimensions of providing ethically appropriate and consistent care for our patients in the COVID-19 crisis are considered herein for head and neck oncology providers."}, {"pmid": 32414510, "pmcid": "PMC7198213", "title": "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for COVID-19-associated severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and risk of thrombosis.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Beyls, Christophe", "Huette, Pierre", "Abou-Arab, Osama", "Berna, Pascal", "Mahjoub, Yazine"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414510", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363905, "title": "Temporary Emergency Guidance to STEMI Systems of Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: AHA's Mission: Lifeline.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["The American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines-Coronary Artery Disease Advisory Work Group And Mission Lifeline Program", "The American Heart Association's Council On Clinical Cardiology", "The American Heart Association's Council On Clinical Cardiology's Committee On Acute Cardiac Care And General Cardiology Committee", "The American Heart Association's Council On Clinical Cardiology's Committee Interventional Cardiovascular Care Committee"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363905", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459046, "title": "Scientific and Standardization Committee Communication: Clinical Guidance on the Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Spyropoulos, Alex C", "Levy, Jerrold H", "Ageno, Walter", "Connors, Jean Marie", "Hunt, Beverley J", "Iba, Toshiaki", "Levi, Marcel", "Samama, Charles Marc", "Thachil, Jecko", "Giannis, Dimitrios", "Douketis, James D"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459046", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as declared by the World Health Organization, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Cardiovascular disease and, in particular, venous thromboembolism (VTE) has emerged as an important consideration in the management of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The diagnosis of VTE using standardized objective testing is problematic in these patients, given the risk of infecting non-COVID-19 hospitalized patients and hospital personnel, coupled with the usual challenges of performing diagnostic testing in critically-ill patients. Early reports suggest a high incidence of VTE in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, particularly those with severe illness, that is similar to the high VTE rates observed in patients with other viral pneumonias, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV)."}, {"pmid": 32512008, "title": "KEY HIGHLIGHTS from the Canadian Thoracic Society's Position Statement on Optimizing the Management of Sleep Disordered Breathing during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Ayas, Najib T", "Fraser, Kristin L", "Giannouli, Eleni", "Hanly, Patrick J", "Kendzerska, Tetyana", "Katz, Sherri Lynne", "Lachmann, Brandy N", "Lajoie, Annie", "Minville, Caroline", "Morrison, Debra", "Narang, Indra", "Povitz, Marcus", "Skomro, Robert", "Spurr, Kathy F"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512008", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426374, "pmcid": "PMC7203508", "title": "Cardiovascular Impairment in COVID-19: Learning From Current Options for Cardiovascular Anti-Inflammatory Therapy.", "journal": "Front Cardiovasc Med", "authors": ["Wang, Lun", "Zhang, Yang", "Zhang, Shuyang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426374", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, occurred in China and has currently led to a global pandemic. In addition to respiratory involvement, COVID-19 was also associated with significant multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Cardiovascular impairment has been observed and is now drawing growing attention. Cardiovascular protective strategies are urgent and of great significance to the overall prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Direct viral infection, cytokine storm, and aggravation of existing cardiovascular diseases were recognized as possible mechanisms of cardiovascular impairment in COVID-19. Hyperactivated inflammation plays an important role in all three mechanisms and is considered to be fundamental in the development of cardiovascular impairment and MODS in COVID-19. Therefore, in addition to conventional cardiovascular treatment, anti-inflammatory therapy is a reasonable strategy for severe cases to further enhance cardiovascular protection and potentially mitigate MODS. We reviewed the inflammatory features and current promising treatments of COVID-19 as well as cardiovascular anti-inflammatory therapies that have been verified in previous clinical trials with positive outcomes. We believe that targeting the central pathway (IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6), balancing the Th1 and Th2 response, and administering long-term anti-inflammatory therapy might be promising prospects to reduce cardiovascular impairment and even MODS during the acute and recovery phases of COVID-19. The cardiovascular anti-inflammatory therapies might be of great application value to the management of COVID-19 patients and we further propose an algorithm for the selection of anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19 patients with or at high risk of cardiovascular impairment. We recommend to take the experiences in cardiovascular anti-inflammatory therapy as references in the management of COVID-19 and conduct related clinical trials, while the clinical translation of novel treatments from preclinical studies or in vitro drug screening should proceed with caution due to unguaranteed efficacy and safety profiles."}, {"pmid": 32361069, "pmcid": "PMC7190504", "title": "Development of a surgical workforce access team in the battle against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Sheth, Parth D", "Simons, Jessica P", "Robichaud, Devon I", "Ciaranello, Andrea L", "Schanzer, Andres"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361069", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376101, "pmcid": "PMC7151468", "title": "Association Between Hypoxemia and Mortality in Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Xie, Jiang", "Covassin, Naima", "Fan, Zhengyang", "Singh, Prachi", "Gao, Wei", "Li, Guangxi", "Kara, Tomas", "Somers, Virend K"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376101", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify markers associated with in-hospital death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pneumonia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 140 patients with moderate to critical COVID-19-associated pneumonia requiring oxygen supplementation admitted to the hospital from January 28, 2020, through February 28, 2020, and followed up through March 13, 2020, in Union Hospital, Wuhan, China. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and other measures were tested as predictors of in-hospital mortality in survival analysis. Of 140 patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia, 72 (51.4%) were men, with a median age of 60 years. Patients with SpO2 values of 90% or less were older and were more likely to be men, to have hypertension, and to present with dyspnea than those with SpO2 values greater than 90%. Overall, 36 patients (25.7%) died during hospitalization after median 14-day follow-up. Higher SpO2 levels after oxygen supplementation were associated with reduced mortality independently of age and sex (hazard ratio per 1-U SpO2, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.91 to 0.95; P<.001). The SpO2 cutoff value of 90.5% yielded 84.6% sensitivity and 97.2% specificity for prediction of survival. Dyspnea was also independently associated with death in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.24 to 5.43; P=.01). In this cohort of patients with COVID-19, hypoxemia was independently associated with in-hospital mortality. These results may help guide the clinical management of patients with severe COVID-19, particularly in settings requiring strategic allocation of limited critical care resources. Chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2000030852."}, {"pmid": 32372852, "pmcid": "PMC7195001", "title": "Orthopaedic patient workflow in CoViD-19 pandemic in Italy.", "journal": "J Orthop", "authors": ["Bettinelli, Giulia", "Delmastro, Elena", "Salvato, Damiano", "Salini, Vincenzo", "Placella, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372852", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "CoViD-19 epidemic started in China in late December 2019, and soon spread, turning into a pandemic. All medical specialties have soon been involved in the management of CoViD-19 patients; the daily Orthopaedic activity has been affected profoundly by this dramatic health emergency. The present paper aims to summarize all the measures and changes that had to be made in order to avoid the healthcare system collapse in the most affected areas, and provides an operative flowchart."}, {"pmid": 32516623, "title": "Children's mortality from COVID-19 compared with all-deaths and other relevant causes of death: epidemiological information for decision-making by parents, teachers, clinicians and policymakers.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Bhopal, S", "Bagaria, J", "Bhopal, R"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356508, "title": "Delayed Radical Prostatectomy is Not Associated with Adverse Oncological Outcomes: Implications for Men Experiencing Surgical Delay Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Ginsburg, Kevin B", "Curtis, Gannon L", "Timar, Ryan E", "George, Arvin K", "Cher, Michael L"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356508", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has forced many healthcare organizations to divert efforts and resources to emergent patient care, delaying many elective oncological surgeries. We investigated an association between delay in radical prostatectomy (RP) and oncological outcome. This is a retrospective review of men with intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer (PC) in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) underdoing radical prostatectomy from 2010-2016. Immediate RP was defined as RP within 3-months of diagnosis, while delayed RP was analyzed in 3-month intervals up to 12-months. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit to test for associations between levels of delayed RP and outcomes of interest (adverse pathology, upgrading on RP, node positive disease, and post-RP secondary treatments) compared with men undergoing immediate RP. We identified 128,062 men with intermediate- and high-risk PC treated with RP. After adjustment, we did not appreciate a significant difference in odds of adverse pathology, upgrading, node positive disease, or post-RP secondary treatments between men treated with immediate RP and any level of delay up to 12 months. Subgroup analysis of men with Grade group 4 and 5 PC did not demonstrate an association between delayed RP and worse oncological outcomes. In the NCDB, delayed RP was not associated with early adverse oncological outcomes at RP. These results may provide reassurance to patients and urologists balancing care in the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32372072, "pmcid": "PMC7239185", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: Considerations and Costs of Telehealth Exercise Programs for Older Adults With Functional Impairments Living at Home-Lessons Learned from a Pilot Case Study.", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Middleton, Addie", "Simpson, Kit N", "Bettger, Janet Prvu", "Bowden, Mark G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372072", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to describe the process and cost of delivering a physical therapist-guided synchronous telehealth exercise program appropriate for older adults with functional limitations. Such programs may help alleviate some of the detrimental impacts of social distancing and quarantine on older adults at-risk of decline. Data were derived from the feasibility arm of a parent study, which piloted the telehealth program for 36 sessions with 1 participant. The steps involved in each phase (ie, development, delivery) were documented, along with participant and program provider considerations for each step. Time-driven activity-based costing was used to track all costs over the course of the study. Costs were categorized as program development or delivery and estimated per session and per participant. A list of the steps and the participant and provider considerations involved in developing and delivering a synchronous telehealth exercise program for older adults with functional impairments was developed. Resources used, fixed and variable costs, per-session cost estimates, and total cost per person were reported. Two potential measures of the \"value proposition\" of this type of intervention were also reported. Per-session cost of $158 appears to be a feasible business case, especially if the physical therapist to trained assistant personnel mix could be improved. The findings provide insight into the process and costs of developing and delivering telehealth exercise programs for older adults with functional impairments. The information presented may provide a \"blue print\" for developing and implementing new telehealth programs or for transitioning in-person services to telehealth delivery during periods of social distancing and quarantine. As movement experts, physical therapists are uniquely positioned to play an important role in the current COVID-19 pandemic and to help individuals who are at risk of functional decline during periods of social distancing and quarantine. Lessons learned from this study's experience can provide guidance on the process and cost of developing and delivering a telehealth exercise program for older adults with functional impairments. The findings also can inform new telehealth programs, as well as assist in transitioning in-person care to a telehealth format in response to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32412231, "pmcid": "PMC7233851", "title": "Are Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, the Workhorse Disinfectants, Effective against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2?", "journal": "ACS Infect Dis", "authors": ["Schrank, Cassandra L", "Minbiole, Kevin P C", "Wuest, William M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412231", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel virus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged from Wuhan, China in late 2019. Since then, the virus has quickly spread worldwide, leading the World Health Organization to declare it as a pandemic; by the end of April 2020, the number of cases exceeded 3 million. Due to the high infectivity rate, SARS-CoV-2 is difficult to contain, making disinfectant protocols vital, especially for essential, highly trafficked areas such as hospitals, grocery stores, and delivery centers. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, best practices to slow the spread rely on good hand hygiene, including proper handwashing practices as well as the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. However, they provide warning against sanitizing products containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC), which has sparked concern in both the scientific community as well as the general public as BAC, a common quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), is ubiquitous in soaps and cleaning wipes as well as hospital sanitation kits. This viewpoint aims to highlight the outdated and incongruous data in the evaluation of BAC against the family of known coronaviruses and points to the need for further evaluation of the efficacy of QACs against coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32469410, "pmcid": "PMC7260620", "title": "Venous Thrombosis Among Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Nahum, Julien", "Morichau-Beauchant, Tristan", "Daviaud, Fabrice", "Echegut, Perrine", "Fichet, Jerome", "Maillet, Jean-Michel", "Thierry, Stephane"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469410", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491982, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection on Disposable Wooden Chopsticks, Hong Kong.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lui, Grace", "Lai, Christopher K C", "Chen, Zigui", "Tong, Sylvia L Y", "Ho, Wendy C S", "Yeung, Apple C M", "Boon, Siaw S", "Ng, Rita W Y", "Chan, Paul K S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491982", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA on disposable wooden chopsticks used by 5 consecutive asymptomatic and postsymptomatic patients admitted for isolation and care at our hospital. Although we did not assess virus viability, our findings may suggest potential for transmission through shared eating utensils."}, {"pmid": 32421496, "pmcid": "PMC7234715", "title": "Ibuprofen During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Media Precautions and Implications.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Carius, Brandon M", "Schauer, Steven G"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421496", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315026, "pmcid": "PMC7188160", "title": "Responding to the COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore: Staff Protection and Staff Temperature and Sickness Surveillance Systems.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Htun, Htet Lin", "Lim, Dwee Wee", "Kyaw, Win Mar", "Loh, Wan-Ning Janis", "Lee, Lay Tin", "Ang, Brenda", "Chow, Angela"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315026", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), and first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) in Singapore has routinely fit-tested staff for high filtration N95 respirators, and established web-based staff surveillance systems. The routine systems were enhanced in response to Singapore's first imported COVID-19 case on January 23,2020. We conducted a cross-sectional study, from January 23,2020 to February 23,2020, among healthcare workers to evaluate the effectiveness of the staff protection and surveillance strategy in TTSH, a 1600-bed multidisciplinary acute-care hospital co-located with the 330-bed National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID). As of February 23,2020, TTSH/NCID has managed 76% of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Singapore. The hospital adopted a multi-pronged approach to protect and monitor staff with potential COVID-19 exposures:(1) Risk-based personal protective equipment, (2) Staff fever and sickness surveillance, and (3) Enhanced medical surveillance of unwell staff. A total of 10,583 staff were placed on hospital-wide fever and sickness surveillance, with 1,524 frontline staff working in COVID-19 areas under close surveillance. Among frontline staff, a median of eight staff illness episodes was seen per day, and almost 10% (n=29) resulted in hospitalization. None of the staff was found to be infected with COVID-19. A robust staff protection and health surveillance system that is routinely implemented during non-outbreak periods and enhanced during the COVID-19 outbreak is effective in protecting frontline staff from the infection."}, {"pmid": 32169119, "pmcid": "PMC7068984", "title": "The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak - an update on the status.", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Guo, Yan-Rong", "Cao, Qing-Dong", "Hong, Zhong-Si", "Tan, Yuan-Yang", "Chen, Shou-Deng", "Jin, Hong-Jun", "Tan, Kai-Sen", "Wang, De-Yun", "Yan, Yan"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169119", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout China and received worldwide attention. On 30 January 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the COVID-19 epidemic as a public health emergency of international concern. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, marked the third introduction of a highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic coronavirus into the human population in the twenty-first century. As of 1 March 2020, a total of 87,137 confirmed cases globally, 79,968 confirmed in China and 7169 outside of China, with 2977 deaths (3.4%) had been reported by WHO. Meanwhile, several independent research groups have identified that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to \u03b2-coronavirus, with highly identical genome to bat coronavirus, pointing to bat as the natural host. The novel coronavirus uses the same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as that for SARS-CoV, and mainly spreads through the respiratory tract. Importantly, increasingly evidence showed sustained human-to-human transmission, along with many exported cases across the globe. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients include fever, cough, fatigue and a small population of patients appeared gastrointestinal infection symptoms. The elderly and people with underlying diseases are susceptible to infection and prone to serious outcomes, which may be associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine storm. Currently, there are few specific antiviral strategies, but several potent candidates of antivirals and repurposed drugs are under urgent investigation. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics of COVID-19, and discussed the current treatment and scientific advancements to combat the epidemic novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32270581, "pmcid": "PMC7262203", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: Effects and evidence-based recommendations for otolaryngology and head and neck surgery practice.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Kowalski, Luiz P", "Sanabria, Alvaro", "Ridge, John A", "Ng, Wai Tong", "de Bree, Remco", "Rinaldo, Alessandra", "Takes, Robert P", "Makitie, Antti A", "Carvalho, Andre L", "Bradford, Carol R", "Paleri, Vinidh", "Hartl, Dana M", "Vander Poorten, Vincent", "Nixon, Iain J", "Piazza, Cesare", "Lacy, Peter D", "Rodrigo, Juan P", "Guntinas-Lichius, Orlando", "Mendenhall, William M", "D'Cruz, Anil", "Lee, Anne W M", "Ferlito, Alfio"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270581", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious zoonosis produced by SARS-CoV-2 that is spread human-to-human by respiratory secretions. It was declared by the WHO as a public health emergency. The most susceptible populations, needing mechanical ventilation, are the elderly and people with associated comorbidities. There is an important risk of contagion for anesthetists, dentists, head and neck surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, ophthalmologists, and otolaryngologists. Health workers represent between 3.8% and 20% of the infected population; some 15% will develop severe complaints and among them, many will lose their lives. A large number of patients do not have overt signs and symptoms (fever/respiratory), yet pose a real risk to surgeons (who should know this fact and must therefore apply respiratory protective strategies for all patients they encounter). All interventions that have the potential to aerosolize aerodigestive secretions should be avoided or used only when mandatory. Health workers who are: pregnant, over 55 to 65\u2009years of age, with a history of chronic diseases (uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and all clinical scenarios where immunosuppression is feasible, including that induced to treat chronic inflammatory conditions and organ transplants) should avoid the clinical attention of a potentially infected patient. Health care facilities should prioritize urgent and emergency visits and procedures until the present condition stabilizes; truly elective care should cease and discussed on a case-by-case basis for patients with cancer. For those who are working with COVID-19 infected patients' isolation is compulsory in the following settings: (a) unprotected close contact with COVID-19 pneumonia patients; (b) onset of fever, cough, shortness of breath, and other symptoms (gastrointestinal complaints, anosmia, and dysgeusia have been reported in a minority of cases). For any care or intervention in the upper aerodigestive tract region, irrespective of the setting and a confirmed diagnosis (eg, rhinoscopy or flexible laryngoscopy in the outpatient setting and tracheostomy or rigid endoscopy under anesthesia), it is strongly recommended that all health care personnel wear personal protective equipment such as N95, gown, cap, eye protection, and gloves. The procedures described are essential in trying to maintain safety of health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, otolaryngologists, head and neck, and maxillofacial surgeons are per se exposed to the greatest risk of infection while caring for COVID-19 positive subjects, and their protection should be considered a priority in the present circumstances."}, {"pmid": 32385444, "title": "Dental student creates coronavirus e-book for children.", "journal": "Br Dent J", "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385444", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32395792, "title": "COVID-19: Main therapeutic options.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Hachfi, Wissem", "Ben Lasfar, Nadia"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395792", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444481, "title": "Temporal estimates of case-fatality rate for COVID-19 outbreaks in Canada and the United States.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Abdollahi, Elaheh", "Champredon, David", "Langley, Joanne M", "Galvani, Alison P", "Moghadas, Seyed M"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444481", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Estimates of the casefatality rate (CFR) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vary widely in different population settings. We sought to estimate and compare the COVID-19 CFR in Canada and the United States while adjusting for 2 potential biases in crude CFR. We used the daily incidence of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in Canada and the US from Jan. 31 to Apr. 22, 2020. We applied a statistical method to minimize bias in the crude CFR by accounting for the survival interval as the lag time between disease onset and death, while considering reporting rates of COVID-19 cases less than 50% (95% confidence interval 10%-50%). Using data for confirmed cases in Canada, we estimated the crude CFR to be 4.9% on Apr. 22, 2020, and the adjusted CFR to be 5.5% (credible interval [CrI] 4.9%-6.4%). After we accounted for various reporting rates less than 50%, the adjusted CFR was estimated at 1.6% (CrI 0.7%-3.1%). The US crude CFR was estimated to be 5.4% on Apr. 20, 2020, with an adjusted CFR of 6.1% (CrI 5.4%-6.9%). With reporting rates of less than 50%, the adjusted CFR for the US was 1.78 (CrI 0.8%-3.6%). Our estimates suggest that, if the reporting rate is less than 50%, the adjusted CFR of COVID-19 in Canada is likely to be less than 2%. The CFR estimates for the US were higher than those for Canada, but the adjusted CFR still remained below 2%. Quantification of case reporting can provide a more accurate measure of the virulence and disease burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2."}, {"pmid": 32371066, "pmcid": "PMC7194055", "title": "Rapid expansion of temporary, reliable airborne-infection isolation rooms with negative air machines for critical COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Lee, Joon Kee", "Jeong, Hye Won"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371066", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "More airborne-infection isolation rooms are needed in centers that treat severely affected coronavirus 2019 patients. Wards and rooms must be carefully checked to ensure an ample supply of medical air and oxygen. Anterooms adjacent to airborne-infection isolation rooms are required to maintain pressure differentials and provide an area for donning/doffing or disinfecting medical equipment."}, {"pmid": 32240428, "pmcid": "PMC7114952", "title": "Achieve Research Continuity During Social Distancing by Rapidly Implementing Individual and Group Videoconferencing with Participants: Key Considerations, Best Practices, and Protocols.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Marhefka, Stephanie", "Lockhart, Elizabeth", "Turner, DeAnne"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240428", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus has upended many traditional research procedures as universities and other research entities have closed to activate social distancing. Some social and behavioral research activities (e.g. data analysis, manuscript preparation) can be continued from other environments with appropriate security protocols in place. For studies involving in-person interactions, continuity may be more difficult. Phone-based interactions provide a low-tech solution that may suffice in some cases. Yet, videoconferencing platforms can nearly replicate in-person interactions, activating both auditory and visual senses and potentially resulting in more substantial engagement. Staff can meet with participants individually or in groups, each seeing and hearing one another in real time. This paper provides guidance for researchers transitioning in-person assessments and interventions to a synchronous videoconferencing platform. Best practices, key considerations, examples from the field, and sample protocols are presented to ease transition for ongoing studies and maximize the potential of videoconferencing-and social distancing."}, {"pmid": 32353741, "pmcid": "PMC7195027", "title": "Phytotherapeutics and SARS-CoV-2 infection: Potential role of bioflavonoids.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Coppola, Maurizio", "Mondola, Raffaella"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353741", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420923, "title": "Business Intelligence applied to Emergency Medical Services in the Lombardy region during SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Sechi, Giuseppe Maria", "Migliori, Maurizio", "Dassi, Gabriele", "Pagliosa, Andrea", "Bonora, Rodolfo", "Oradini-Alacreu, Aurea", "Odone, Anna", "Signorelli, Carlo", "Zoli, Alberto", "Response Team, Areu Covid-"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420923", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On the 21st of February, the first patient was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at Codogno hospital in the Lombardy region. From that date, the Regional Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Trust (AREU) of the Lombardy region decided to apply Business Intelligence (BI) to the management of EMS during the epidemic. The aim of the study is to assess in this context the impact of BI on EMS management outcomes. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, AREU is using BI daily to track the number of first aid requests received from 112. BI analyses the number of requests that have been classified as respiratory and/or infectious episodes during the telephone dispatch interview. Moreover, BI allows identifying the numerical trend of episodes in each municipality (increasing, stable, decreasing). AREU decides to reallocate in the territory the resources based on real-time data recorded and elaborated by BI. Indeed, based on that data, the numbers of vehicles and personnel have been implemented in the municipalities that registered more episodes and where the clusters are supposed to be. BI has been of paramount importance in taking timely decisions on the management of EMS during COVID-19 outbreak.\u00a0 Conclusions: Even if there is little evidence-based literature focused on BI impact within the health care, this study suggests that BI can be usefully applied to promptly identify clusters and patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and, consequently, make informed decisions that can improve the EMS management response to the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32451823, "pmcid": "PMC7246965", "title": "Systematic assessment of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients receiving thromboprophylaxis: incidence and role of D-dimer as predictive factors.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Artifoni, Mathieu", "Danic, Gwenvael", "Gautier, Giovanni", "Gicquel, Pascal", "Boutoille, David", "Raffi, Francois", "Neel, Antoine", "Lecomte, Raphael"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451823", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coagulopathy in COVID-19 is a burning issue and strategies to prevent thromboembolic events are debated and highly heterogeneous. The objective was to determine incidence and risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19 inpatients receiving thromboprophylaxis. In this retrospective French cohort study, patients hospitalized in medical wards non-ICU with confirmed COVID-19 and adequate thromboprophylaxis were included. A systematic low limb venous duplex ultrasonography was performed at hospital discharge or earlier if deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was clinically suspected. Chest angio-CT scan was performed when pulmonary embolism (PE) was suspected. Of 71 patients, 16 developed VTE (22.5%) and 7 PE (10%) despite adequate thromboprophylaxis. D-dimers at baseline were significantly higher in patients with DVT (p\u2009<\u20090.001). Demographics, comorbidities, disease manifestations, severity score, and other biological parameters, including inflammatory markers, were similar in patients with and without VTE. The negative predictive value of a baseline D-dimer level\u2009<\u20091.0\u00a0\u00b5g/ml was 90% for VTE and 98% for PE. The positive predictive value for VTE was 44% and 67% for D-dimer level\u2009\u2265\u20091.0\u00a0\u00b5g/ml and\u2009\u2265\u20093\u00a0\u00b5g/ml, respectively. The association between D-dimer level and VTE risk increased by taking into account the latest available D-dimer level prior to venous duplex ultrasonography for the patients with monitoring of D-dimer. Despite thromboprophylaxis, the risk of VTE is high in COVID-19 non-ICU inpatients. Increased D-dimer concentrations of more than 1.0\u00a0\u03bcg/ml predict the risk of venous thromboembolism. D-dimer level-guided aggressive thromboprophylaxis regimens using higher doses of heparin should be evaluated in prospective studies."}, {"pmid": 32209661, "title": "The Rheumatologist's Role in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Cron, Randy Q", "Chatham, W Winn"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209661", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380153, "pmcid": "PMC7198398", "title": "Refugees besieged: The lurking threat of COVID-19 in Syrian war refugee camps.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kassem, Issmat I"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380153", "countries": ["Syrian Arab Republic"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387864, "pmcid": "PMC7189186", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection and obesity: Common inflammatory and metabolic aspects.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Michalakis, Konstantinos", "Ilias, Ioannis"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387864", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to the World Obesity Federation, \"obesity-related conditions seem to worsen the effect of Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2)\"; additionally the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention reported that \"people with heart disease and diabetes are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 complications and that severe obesity poses a higher risk for severe illness\". Recent reports have shown elevated levels of cytokines due to increased inflammation in patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease. On the other hand, obesity represents a state of low-grade inflammation, with various inflammatory products directly excreted by adipose tissue. In this concise report we aimed to assess common elements of obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pubmed search on obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. We present \"mechanistic\" obesity-related problems that aggravate SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as tentative inflammatory/metabolic links between these diseases. Obesity and SARS-CoV-2 share common elements of the inflammatory process (and possibly also metabolic disturbances), exacerbating SARS-CoV-2 infection in the obese."}, {"pmid": 32240896, "pmcid": "PMC7102622", "title": "Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Liu, Nianqi", "Zhang, Fan", "Wei, Cun", "Jia, Yanpu", "Shang, Zhilei", "Sun, Luna", "Wu, Lili", "Sun, Zhuoer", "Zhou, Yaoguang", "Wang, Yan", "Liu, Weizhi"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240896", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 in China in December 2019 has been identified as a pandemic and a health emergency of global concern. Our objective was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in China hardest-hit areas during COVID-19 outbreak, especially exploring the gender difference existing in PTSS. One month after the December 2019 COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan China, we surveyed PTSS and sleep qualities among 285 residents in Wuhan and surrounding cities using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and 4 items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Hierarchical regression analysis and non-parametric test were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that the prevalence of PTSS in China hardest-hit areas a month after the COVID-19 outbreak was 7%. Women reported significant higher PTSS in the domains of re-experiencing, negative alterations in cognition or mood, and hyper-arousal. Participants with better sleep quality or less frequency of early awakenings reported lower PTSS. Professional and effective mental health services should be designed in order to aid the psychological wellbeing of the population in affected areas, especially those living in hardest-hit areas, females and people with poor sleep quality."}, {"pmid": 32425477, "pmcid": "PMC7233235", "title": "Pandemic and the Role of the Program Director as Gatekeeper.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Potts, John R 3rd"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425477", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292883, "pmcid": "PMC7110269", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak: an Update on Therapeutic Options.", "journal": "SN Compr Clin Med", "authors": ["Panati, Kalpana", "Narala, Venkata Ramireddy"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292883", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283141, "pmcid": "PMC7195339", "title": "Serological immunochromatographic approach in diagnosis with SARS-CoV-2 infected COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Pan, Yunbao", "Li, Xinran", "Yang, Gui", "Fan, Junli", "Tang, Yueting", "Zhao, Jin", "Long, Xinghua", "Guo, Shuang", "Zhao, Ziwu", "Liu, Yinjuan", "Hu, Hanning", "Xue, Han", "Li, Yirong"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283141", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was occurred in Wuhan, China and rapidly spread to other cities and nations. The standard diagnostic approach that widely adopted in the clinic is nucleic acid detection by real-time RT-PCR. However, the false-negative rate of the technique is unneglectable and serological methods are urgently warranted. Here, we presented the colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic (ICG) strip targeting viral IgM or IgG antibody and compared it with real-time RT-PCR. The sensitivity of ICG assay with IgM and IgG combinatorial detection in nucleic acid confirmed cases were 11.1%, 92.9% and 96.8% at the early stage (1-7 days after onset), intermediate stage (8-14 days after onset), and late stage (more than 15 days), respectively. The ICG detection capacity in nucleic acid-negative suspected cases was 43.6%. In addition, the concordance of whole blood samples and plasma showed Cohen's kappa value of 0.93, which represented the almost perfect agreement between two types of samples. In conclusion, serological ICG strip assay in detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection is both sensitive and consistent, which is considered as an excellent supplementary approach in clinical application."}, {"pmid": 32431094, "pmcid": "PMC7267156", "title": "Balancing aesthetic and conventional dermatology practice in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Arora, Gulhima", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Arora, Sandeep"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431094", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387656, "pmcid": "PMC7202818", "title": "Perspectives on the Recommendations for Skin Cancer Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Geskin, Larisa J", "Trager, Megan H", "Aasi, Sumaira Z", "Bickers, David R", "Carvajal, Richard D", "Nghiem, Paul", "Taback, Bret", "Zeitouni, Nathalie C", "Samie, Faramarz H"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387656", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425355, "pmcid": "PMC7229943", "title": "The \"mind\" behind the \"mask\": Assessing mental states and creating therapeutic alliance amidst COVID-19.", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Mehta, Urvakhsh Meherwan", "Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan", "Chandra, Prabha S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425355", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32351197, "title": "COVID-19 is possibly a consequence of the anthropogenic biodiversity crisis and climate changes.", "journal": "Dan Med J", "authors": ["Lorentzen, Henrik F", "Benfield, Thomas", "Stisen, Simon", "Rahbek, Carsten"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351197", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360500, "pmcid": "PMC7187854", "title": "Clinical and transmission dynamics characteristics of 406 children with coronavirus disease 2019 in China: A review.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhen-Dong, Yang", "Gao-Jun, Zhou", "Run-Ming, Jin", "Zhi-Sheng, Liu", "Zong-Qi, Dong", "Xiong, Xie", "Guo-Wei, Song"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360500", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chinese pediatricians are working on the front line to fight COVID-19. They have published a great amount of first-hand clinical data. Collecting their data and forming a large sample for analysis is more conducive to the recognition, prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in children. The epidemic prevention and control experience of Chinese pediatricians should be shared with the world. By searching Chinese and English literature, the data of 406 children with COVID-19 in China were analyzed. It was found that the clustered incidence of children's families is a dynamic transmission feature; the incidence is low; asymptomatic infections and mild cases account for 44.8%, with only 7 cases of critical illness; laboratory examination of lymphocyte counts is not reduced, as it is for adults; chest CT findings are less severe than those for adults. These presentations are the clinical features of COVID-19 in children. Only 55 of the 406 cases were tested by anal swab for virus nucleic acid, 45 of which were positive, accounting for 81.8% of stool samples. There are more children than adults with asymptomatic infections, milder conditions, faster recovery, and a better prognosis. Some concealed morbidity characteristics also bring difficulties to the early identification, prevention and control of COVID-19. COVID-19 screening is needed in the pediatric fever clinic, and respiratory and digestive tract nucleic acid tests should be performed. Efforts should be made to prevent children from becoming a hidden source of transmission in kindergartens, schools or families. Furthermore, China's experience in treating COVID-19 in children has led to faster recovery of sick children."}, {"pmid": 32325252, "pmcid": "PMC7169933", "title": "COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Yuki, Koichi", "Fujiogi, Miho", "Koutsogiannaki, Sophia"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325252", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, now named as SARS-CoV-2, caused a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The disease caused by this virus was termed COVID-19. The virus is transmittable between humans and has caused pandemic worldwide. The number of death tolls continues to rise and a large number of countries have been forced to do social distancing and lockdown. Lack of targeted therapy continues to be a problem. Epidemiological studies showed that elder patients were more susceptible to severe diseases, while children tend to have milder symptoms. Here we reviewed the current knowledge about this disease and considered the potential explanation of the different symptomatology between children and adults."}, {"pmid": 32392431, "title": "Role of Non-Profit Organizations During COVID-19 for Diabetes Care: Health Care Inequities and Role of Virtual Specialty Clinic.", "journal": "Diabetes Technol Ther", "authors": ["Panzirer, David"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392431", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Today, in the United States, we have a health care system that is designed to treat symptoms, not people-and to do so as cheaply as possible with the dual goals of minimizing costs and preventing hospital visits. We are failing on all fronts. We spend more money on health care per capita than our Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) peers, and our outcomes are mediocre at best. Medicine is not personal, health care professionals often have their hands tied by payers, and geography has too much influence on the quality of care available. This has to end, especially since we have the technology to create a truly patient-focused, whole-person approach-one that treats physical and mental health equally and meets people where they are in every sense. Telemedicine can level the playing field and enable higher quality, decentralized care that-when needed-brings specialty care to the masses. Other technologies have an important role, too. For patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (type 1 diabetes), widespread uptake of continuous glucose monitors may be the game-changer we need right now that can facilitate telemedicine to remote places and remove health care disparities. Both health professionals and patients will win-and ultimately payers will, too."}, {"pmid": 32259288, "pmcid": "PMC7262200", "title": "Caring for patients with pain during the COVID-19 pandemic: consensus recommendations from an international expert panel.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Shanthanna, H", "Strand, N H", "Provenzano, D A", "Lobo, C A", "Eldabe, S", "Bhatia, A", "Wegener, J", "Curtis, K", "Cohen, S P", "Narouze, S"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chronic pain causes significant suffering, limitation of daily activities and reduced quality of life. Infection from COVID-19 is responsible for an ongoing pandemic that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, leading to systemic complications and death. Led by the World Health Organization, healthcare systems across the world are engaged in limiting the spread of infection. As a result, all elective surgical procedures, outpatient procedures and patient visits, including pain management services, have been postponed or cancelled. This has affected the care of chronic pain patients. Most are elderly with multiple comorbidities, which puts them at risk of COVID-19 infection. Important considerations that need to be recognised during this pandemic for chronic pain patients include: ensuring continuity of care and pain medications, especially opioids; use of telemedicine; maintaining biopsychosocial management; use of anti-inflammatory drugs; use of steroids; and prioritising necessary procedural visits. There are no guidelines to inform physicians and healthcare providers engaged in caring for patients with pain during this period of crisis. We assembled an expert panel of pain physicians, psychologists and researchers from North America and Europe to formulate recommendations to guide practice. As the COVID-19 situation continues to evolve rapidly, these recommendations are based on the best available evidence and expert opinion at this present time and may need adapting to local workplace policies."}, {"pmid": 32336835, "pmcid": "PMC7180641", "title": "From the Editor of Sexuality and Disability: The Impact of COVID-19 on Sexuality and Disability-Are We Closer or More Isolated?", "journal": "Sex Disabil", "authors": ["Hough, Sigmund"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336835", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414379, "pmcid": "PMC7227172", "title": "COVID-19 in Africa: care and protection for frontline healthcare workers.", "journal": "Global Health", "authors": ["Chersich, Matthew F", "Gray, Glenda", "Fairlie, Lee", "Eichbaum, Quentin", "Mayhew, Susannah", "Allwood, Brian", "English, Rene", "Scorgie, Fiona", "Luchters, Stanley", "Simpson, Greg", "Haghighi, Marjan Mosalman", "Pham, Minh Duc", "Rees, Helen"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414379", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical staff caring for COVID-19 patients face mental stress, physical exhaustion, separation from families, stigma, and the pain of losing patients and colleagues. Many of them have acquired SARS-CoV-2 and some have died. In Africa, where the pandemic is escalating, there are major gaps in response capacity, especially in human resources and protective equipment. We examine these challenges and propose interventions to protect healthcare workers on the continent, drawing on articles identified on Medline (Pubmed) in a search on 24 March 2020. Global jostling means that supplies of personal protective equipment are limited in Africa. Even low-cost interventions such as facemasks for patients with a cough and water supplies for handwashing may be challenging, as is 'physical distancing' in overcrowded primary health care clinics. Without adequate protection, COVID-19 mortality may be high among healthcare workers and their family in Africa given limited critical care beds and difficulties in transporting ill healthcare workers from rural to urban care centres. Much can be done to protect healthcare workers, however. The continent has learnt invaluable lessons from Ebola and HIV control. HIV counselors and community healthcare workers are key resources, and could promote social distancing and related interventions, dispel myths, support healthcare workers, perform symptom screening and trace contacts. Staff motivation and retention may be enhanced through carefully managed risk 'allowances' or compensation. International support with personnel and protective equipment, especially from China, could turn the pandemic's trajectory in Africa around. Telemedicine holds promise as it rationalises human resources and reduces patient contact and thus infection risks. Importantly, healthcare workers, using their authoritative voice, can promote effective COVID-19 policies and prioritization of their safety. Prioritizing healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 testing, hospital beds and targeted research, as well as ensuring that public figures and the population acknowledge the commitment of healthcare workers may help to maintain morale. Clearly there are multiple ways that international support and national commitment could help safeguard healthcare workers in Africa, essential for limiting the pandemic's potentially devastating heath, socio-economic and security impacts on the continent."}, {"pmid": 32474093, "pmcid": "PMC7255736", "title": "COVID-19 and SARS-Cov-2 Infection: Pathophysiology and Clinical Effects on the Nervous System.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Abboud, Hilal", "Abboud, Fatima Zahra", "Kharbouch, Hanane", "Arkha, Yasser", "Abbadi, Najia El", "Ouahabi, Abdessamad El"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474093", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-Cov-2, resulting in severe acute respiratory syndrome, with high potential of spreading and infecting humans worldwide. Since December 2019, when the virus was identified in humans, the literature on COVID-19 has grown exponentially and extrarespiratory symptoms including neurologic symptoms are increasingly highlighted. Given the high and increasing number of publications reporting neurologic involvements of SARS-Cov-2, we thought that providing an update for neurologic complications of COVID-19 would be useful for physicians and especially young trainees in neurology and neurosurgery. Indeed, in this review we discuss several neurologic aspects reported in the literature to date including the evidence and pathways of neuroinvasion in COVID-19 and the main neurologic disorders reported in the literature to date, as well as future perspectives and the potential long-term consequence of current neuroinfection in COVID-19 patients. Currently, there is convincing evidence that SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, can affect the nervous system, with damage and neurologic alterations. These neurologic disorders are grouped into several categories, ranging from nonspecific and moderate symptoms such as headache, myalgia, and hyposmia to severe symptoms including cerebrovascular disease and intracranial infections. Severe neurologic symptoms such as acute cerebrovascular disease occur only in a minority of patients with usual risk factors and are associated with poor outcome. However, most COVID-19 patients exhibit only minor or mild neurologic symptoms. Management of COVID-19 patients should include early clinical, radiologic, and laboratory neurologic assessment, with a close follow-up, especially in severe forms. Future studies should assess late and long-term consequences of current COVID-19 patients with neurologic involvement."}, {"pmid": 32472897, "title": "We Know About COVID-19: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Survey.", "journal": "J Craniofac Surg", "authors": ["Costa, Samuel Macedo", "Lacerda, Guilherme Toledo de", "Villafort, Rayssa Nunes", "Silveira, Roger Lanes", "Amaral, Marcio Bruno Figueiredo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472897", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronav\u00edrus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a virus of mass dissemination, with an impact on international public health, leading to hospitalizations and death. The main symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, fatigue, dry cough; however, myalgia and dyspnea and the transmission routes include direct transmission by cough, sneeze, droplet inhalation, or contact transmission with the oral, nasal, or eye mucous membranes. The dental professionals are the main risk group to COVID-19 due to the transmission routes that are directly related to the dental practice. In addition, the oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS) are even more exposed, due to increased contact with the population in hospitals and emergency services. OMFS should be able to identify a suspected case of COVID-19, its symptoms, risk groups, disease severity, laboratorial and computed tomography alterations, and treatment guidelines. In the present study, the authors performed a nationwide survey with Brazilian OMFS to evaluate the knowledge of these professionals about the pandemic status of the COVID-19. A total of 142 OMFS replied the survey and the results brings light to an incomparable health public problem that the OMFS in Brazil are no able to protect itself, diagnose the suspicious and probable cases, request and interpret the correct laboratorial examinations for the treatment of the COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32347055, "title": "[Role of cyclophilin A during coronavirus replication and the antiviral activities of its inhibitors].", "journal": "Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao", "authors": ["Tian, Lu", "Liu, Wenjun", "Sun, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347055", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a widely distributed and highly conserved protein in organisms. It has peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity and is a receptor for cyclosporin A (CsA). Coronaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses. Seven types of coronaviruses are currently known to infect humans, among which SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 are fatal for humans. It is well established that CypA is essential for the replication of various coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV, CoV-229E, CoV-NL63, and FCoV. Additionally, CsA and its derivatives (ALV, NIM811, etc.) have obvious inhibitory effects on a variety of coronaviruses. These results suggest that CypA is a potential antiviral target and the existing drug CsA might be used as an anti-coronavirus drug. At the end of 2019, SARS-CoV-2 raged in China, which seriously theatern human health and causes huge economic lases. In view of this, we describe the effects of CypA on the replication of coronaviruses and the antiviral activities of its inhibitors, which will provide the scientific basis and ideas for the development of antiviral drugs for SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32381640, "title": "Covid-19: Trump says added deaths are necessary price for reopening US businesses.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381640", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354663, "pmcid": "PMC7141636", "title": "COVID-19 and ART: the view of the Italian Society of Fertility and Sterility and Reproductive Medicine.", "journal": "Reprod Biomed Online", "authors": ["Vaiarelli, Alberto", "Bulletti, Carlo", "Cimadomo, Danilo", "Borini, Andrea", "Alviggi, Carlo", "Ajossa, Silvia", "Anserini, Paola", "Gennarelli, Gianluca", "Guido, Maurizio", "Levi-Setti, Paolo E", "Palagiano, Antonio", "Palermo, Roberto", "Savasi, Valeria", "Pellicer, Antonio", "Rienzi, Laura", "Ubaldi, Filippo M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354663", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented global situation. As assisted reproductive technology (ART) specialists, we should be cautious, carefully monitoring the situation while contributing by sharing novel evidence to counsel our patients, both pregnant women and would-be mothers. Time to egg collection and drop-out rates are critical parameters for scheduling treatments once the curve of infections has peaked and plateaued in each country. In order to reduce the values for these two parameters, infertile patients now require even more support from their IVF team: urgent oocyte collection for oncology patients must be guaranteed, and oocyte retrievals for women of advanced maternal age and/or reduced ovarian reserve cannot be postponed indefinitely. This document represents the position of the Italian Society of Fertility and Sterility and Reproductive Medicine (SIFES-MR) in outlining ART priorities during and after this emergency."}, {"pmid": 32413712, "pmcid": "PMC7199689", "title": "Contamination and infection: What the coronavirus pandemic could reveal about the evolutionary origins of obsessive-compulsive disorder.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Rajkumar, Ravi Philip"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413712", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433719, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Immune-Engaging Cancer Treatment.", "journal": "JAMA Oncol", "authors": ["Abid, Muhammad Bilal", "Mughal, Mustafa", "Abid, Muhammad Abbas"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433719", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32081428, "pmcid": "PMC7092824", "title": "Structure analysis of the receptor binding of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun", "authors": ["Chen, Yun", "Guo, Yao", "Pan, Yihang", "Zhao, Zhizhuang Joe"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32081428", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019-nCoV is a newly identified coronavirus with high similarity to SARS-CoV. We performed a structural analysis of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike glycoprotein responsible for entry of coronaviruses into host cells. The RBDs from the two viruses share 72% identity in amino acid sequences, and molecular simulation reveals highly similar ternary structures. However, 2019-nCoV has a distinct loop with flexible glycyl residues replacing rigid prolyl residues in SARS-CoV. Molecular modeling revealed that 2019-nCoV RBD has a stronger interaction with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). A unique phenylalanine F486 in the flexible loop likely plays a major role because its penetration into a deep hydrophobic pocket in ACE2. ACE2 is widely expressed with conserved primary structures throughout the animal kingdom from fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, to mammals. Structural analysis suggests that ACE2 from these animals can potentially bind RBD of 2019-nCoV, making them all possible natural hosts for the virus. 2019-nCoV is thought to be transmitted through respiratory droplets. However, since ACE2 is predominantly expressed in intestines, testis, and kidney, fecal-oral and other routes of transmission are also possible. Finally, antibodies and small molecular inhibitors that can block the interaction of ACE2 with RBD should be developed to combat the virus."}, {"pmid": 32340070, "pmcid": "PMC7267279", "title": "ACE inhibitors and COVID-19: We don't know yet.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Khashkhusha, Taqua R", "Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340070", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343775, "pmcid": "PMC7197624", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Serology: Much Hype, Little Data.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Farnsworth, Christopher W", "Anderson, Neil W"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343775", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309816, "pmcid": "PMC7162635", "title": "Modified Routine Cardiac Imaging Surveillance of Adult Cancer Patients and Survivors during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JACC CardioOncol", "authors": ["Calvillo-Arguelles, Oscar", "Abdel-Qadir, Husam", "Ky, Bonnie", "Liu, Jennifer E", "Lopez-Mattei, Juan C", "Amir, Eitan", "Thavendiranathan, Paaladinesh"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309816", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479828, "pmcid": "PMC7259895", "title": "The right to health must guide responses to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Puras, Dainius", "de Mesquita, Judith Bueno", "Cabal, Luisa", "Maleche, Allan", "Meier, Benjamin Mason"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479828", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341600, "pmcid": "PMC7184164", "title": "Orthopaedics in Times of COVID 19.", "journal": "Indian J Orthop", "authors": ["Bagaria, Vaibhav", "Sahu, Dipit"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341600", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474910, "title": "Psychological impact of COVID-19 quarantine measures in northeastern Italy on mothers in the immediate postpartum period.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Zanardo, Vincenzo", "Manghina, Valeria", "Giliberti, Lara", "Vettore, Michela", "Severino, Lorenzo", "Straface, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474910", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore whether quarantine measures and hospital containment policies among women giving birth in a COVID-19 \"hotspot\" area in northeastern Italy enhanced psycho-emotional distress in the immediate postpartum period. We designed a non-concurrent case-control study of mothers who gave birth during a COVID-19 quarantine period between March 8 and May 3, 2020 (COVID-19 study group), with an antecedent group of matched postpartum women (control group) who delivered in the same period in 2019. Participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) on the second day postpartum. The COVID-19 study group (n=91) had significantly higher mean EPDS scores compared with the control group (n=101) (8.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.6 vs 6.34\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.1; P<0.001). Furthermore, 26% of women in the COVID-19 group had a global EPDS score above 12. Analysis of three EPDS subscales revealed significantly higher scores among the COVID-19 group compared with the control group for anhedonia (0.60\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.61 vs 0.19\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.36; P<0.001) and depression (0.58\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.54 vs 0.35\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.45; P=0.001). Concerns about risk of exposure to COVID-19, combined with quarantine measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic, adversely affected the thoughts and emotions of new mothers, worsening depressive symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32524957, "title": "SARS-CoV-2-related paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome, an epidemiological study, France, 1 March to 17 May 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Belot, Alexandre", "Antona, Denise", "Renolleau, Sylvain", "Javouhey, Etienne", "Hentgen, Veronique", "Angoulvant, Francois", "Delacourt, Christophe", "Iriart, Xavier", "Ovaert, Caroline", "Bader-Meunier, Brigitte", "Kone-Paut, Isabelle", "Levy-Bruhl, Daniel"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524957", "countries": ["Japan", "France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "End of April 2020, French clinicians observed an increase in cases presenting with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS). Nationwide surveillance was set up and demonstrated temporospatial association with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic for 156 reported cases as at 17 May: 108 were classified as confirmed (n\u202f=\u202f79), probable (n\u202f=\u202f16) or possible (n\u202f=\u202f13) post-COVID-19 PIMS cases. A continuum of clinical features from Kawasaki-like disease to myocarditis was observed, requiring intensive care in 67% of cases."}, {"pmid": 32221165, "pmcid": "PMC7258751", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Pediatric Department in Milan: A Logistic Rather Than a Clinical Emergency.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Chidini, Giovanna", "Villa, Cristina", "Calderini, Edoardo", "Marchisio, Paola", "De Luca, Daniele"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221165", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400924, "pmcid": "PMC7235469", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid global response for children with cancer from SIOP, COG, SIOP-E, SIOP-PODC, IPSO, PROS, CCI, and St Jude Global.", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Sullivan, Michael", "Bouffet, Eric", "Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos", "Luna-Fineman, Sandra", "Khan, Muhammad Saghir", "Kearns, Pam", "Hawkins, Douglas S", "Challinor, Julia", "Morrissey, Lisa", "Fuchs, Jorg", "Marcus, Karen", "Balduzzi, Adriana", "Basset-Salom, Luisa", "Caniza, Miguela", "Baker, Justin N", "Kebudi, Rejin", "Hessissen, Laila", "Sullivan, Richard", "Pritchard-Jones, Kathy"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400924", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most serious global challenges to delivering affordable and equitable treatment to children with cancer we have witnessed in the last few decades. This Special Report aims to summarize general principles for continuing multidisciplinary care during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. With contributions from the leadership of the International Society for Pediatric Oncology (SIOP), Children's Oncology Group (COG), St Jude Global program, and Childhood Cancer International, we have sought to provide a framework for healthcare teams caring for children with cancer during the pandemic. We anticipate the burden will fall particularly heavily on children, their families, and cancer services in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we have brought together the relevant clinical leads from SIOP Europe, COG, and SIOP-PODC (Pediatric Oncology in Developing Countries) to focus on the six most curable cancers that are part of the WHO Global Initiative in Childhood Cancer. We provide some practical advice for adapting diagnostic and treatment protocols for children with cancer during the pandemic, the measures taken to contain it (e.g., extreme social distancing), and how to prepare for the anticipated recovery period."}, {"pmid": 32437997, "pmcid": "PMC7211604", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Embracing Disruptive Change During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Hess, Ryan", "Mao, Jennifer Z", "Rho, Kyungduk", "Khan, Asham", "Levy, Elad", "Pollina, John", "Mullin, Jeffrey P"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302419, "pmcid": "PMC7264496", "title": "Phototherapeutic approach to dermatological patients during the 2019 Coronavirus pandemic: Real-life Data from the Italian Red Zone.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Pacifico, A", "Ardigo, M", "Frascione, P", "Damiani, G", "Morrone, A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302419", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the novel Coronavirus 2019, also known as COVID-19 or SARS CoV-2, crossed the Chinese borders and became pandemic, Italy has rapidly become the country with the highest number of patient deaths as well as confirmed and/or hospitalized patients, after China [1-2]. On March 12th Italy was declared a red-zone and special protocols were enacted to limit the spread of the virus. Although COVID-19 does not have epidermotropism, cutaneous manifestations in Cov-19 positive patients have been reported [3] and departments of dermatology are considered at high risk [4] and were ordered to admit only patients needing urgent treatments or undergoing chronic immunosuppressive therapy in order to minimize nosocomial virus spread."}, {"pmid": 32340216, "pmcid": "PMC7230749", "title": "Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Calder, Philip C", "Carr, Anitra C", "Gombart, Adrian F", "Eggersdorfer, Manfred"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations help reduce the spread and impact of infections. Nevertheless, the global burden of infection is high, and additional measures are necessary. Acute respiratory tract infections, for example, were responsible for approximately 2.38 million deaths worldwide in 2016. The role nutrition plays in supporting the immune system is well-established. A wealth of mechanistic and clinical data show that vitamins, including vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate; trace elements, including zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, and copper; and the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid play important and complementary roles in supporting the immune system. Inadequate intake and status of these nutrients are widespread, leading to a decrease in resistance to infections and as a consequence an increase in disease burden. Against this background the following conclusions are made: (1) supplementation with the above micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids is a safe, effective, and low-cost strategy to help support optimal immune function; (2) supplementation above the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), but within recommended upper safety limits, for specific nutrients such as vitamins C and D is warranted; and (3) public health officials are encouraged to include nutritional strategies in their recommendations to improve public health."}, {"pmid": 32447777, "title": "Modifications of emergency dental clinic protocols to combat COVID-19 transmission.", "journal": "Spec Care Dentist", "authors": ["Long, Robert Hollinshead", "Ward, Tyrous David", "Pruett, Michael Edward", "Coleman, John Finklea", "Plaisance, Marc Charles Jr"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, incidence rates for dental diseases will continue unabated. However, the intent to prevent the spread of this lethal respiratory disease will likely lead to reduced treatment access due to restrictions on population movements. These changes have the potential to increase dental-related emergency department visits and subsequently contribute to greater viral transmission. Moreover, dentists experience unique challenges with preventing transmission due to frequent aerosol-producing procedures. This paper presents reviews and protocols implemented by directors and residents at the Dental College of Georgia to manage a dental emergency clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic. The methods presented include committee-based prioritization of dental patients, a multilayered screening process, team rotations with social and temporal spacing, and modified treatment room protocols. These efforts aid in the reduction of viral transmission, conservation of personal protective equipment, and expand provider availability. These protocols transcend a university and hospital-based models and are applicable to private and corporate models."}, {"pmid": 32401227, "title": "Professionally responsible counseling about birth location during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Grunebaum, Amos", "McCullough, Laurence B", "Bornstein, Eran", "Klein, Risa", "Dudenhausen, Joachim W", "Chervenak, Frank A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401227", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "If the worries about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are not already enough, some pregnant women have been questioning whether the hospital is a safe or safe enough place to deliver their babies and therefore whether they should deliver out-of-hospital during the pandemic. In the United States, planned out-of-hospital births are associated with significantly increased risks of neonatal morbidity and death. In addition, there are obstetric emergencies during out-of-hospital births that can lead to adverse outcomes, partly because of the delay in transporting the woman to the hospital. In other countries with well-integrated obstetric services and well-trained midwives, the differences in outcomes of planned hospital birth and planned home birth are smaller. Women are empowered to make informed decisions when the obstetrician makes ethically justified recommendations, which is known as directive counseling. Recommendations are ethically justified when the outcomes of one form of management is clinically superior to another. The outcomes of morbidity and mortality and of infection control and prevention of planned hospital birth are clinically superior to those of out-of-hospital birth. The obstetrician therefore should recommend planned hospital birth and recommend against planned out-of-hospital birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased stress levels for all patients and even more so for pregnant patients and their families. The response in this difficult time should be to mitigate this stress and empower women to make informed decisions by routinely providing counseling that is evidence-based and directive."}, {"pmid": 32393819, "title": "COVID-19 outcomes and the human genome.", "journal": "Genet Med", "authors": ["Murray, Michael F", "Kenny, Eimear E", "Ritchie, Marylyn D", "Rader, Daniel J", "Bale, Allen E", "Giovanni, Monica A", "Abul-Husn, Noura S"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393819", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460973, "pmcid": "PMC7246049", "title": "Age-related difference in the rate of COVID-19 mortality in women versus men.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Cagnacci, Angelo", "Xholli, Anjeza"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460973", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247754, "pmcid": "PMC7194597", "title": "Use of a modified ventilation mask to avoid aerosolizing spread of droplets for short endoscopic procedures during coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Marchese, Michele", "Capannolo, Annalisa", "Lombardi, Loreto", "Di Carlo, Michela", "Marinangeli, Franco", "Fusco, Pierfrancesco"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247754", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531329, "title": "COVID reverse transcriptase PCR in private laboratories: from theory to reality.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Autissier, M", "Guiraud, G", "Levy, Y"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531329", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453515, "title": "More on Neurologic Features in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Larvie, Mykol", "Lev, Michael H", "Hess, Christopher P"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453515", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405109, "pmcid": "PMC7219355", "title": "Clinical course of severe and critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A comparative study.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Luyan", "Zhang, Bin", "Ti, Ma-Yi-di-Li Ni-Jia", "Yang, Ke", "Zou, Yujian", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405109", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340864, "pmcid": "PMC7142885", "title": "COVID-19: What Should Interventional Radiologists Know and What Can They Do?", "journal": "J Vasc Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Zhu, Hai-Dong", "Zeng, Chu-Hui", "Lu, Jian", "Teng, Gao-Jun"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340864", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has been characterized as a \"pandemic\" by the World Health Organization and has resulted in 81,603 confirmed cases in China, among the 334,981 cases confirmed in 189 countries as of 09:00 am, March 24, 2020 (China central standard time). During the past 3 months, hundreds of thousands of Chinese health care workers, including interventional radiologists (IRs), have been fighting this battle against the horrifying COVID-19 disease. As IRs, what should we know and what can we do when facing this challenge? This paper shares the experience we have gone through."}, {"pmid": 32420931, "title": "Covid-19 pandemic impact on mental health: a web-based cross-sectional survey on a sample of Italian general practitioners.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Amerio, Andrea", "Bianchi, Davide", "Santi, Francesca", "Costantini, Luigi", "Odone, Anna", "Signorelli, Carlo", "Costanza, Alessandra", "Serafini, Gianluca", "Amore, Mario", "Aguglia, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420931", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the World Health Organization declared the new 2019 coronavirus disease (Covid-19) outbreak first a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and then a pandemic, Italy held more than 195.350 cases and 26.380 deaths. Working in the frontline with suspected Covid-19 infection patients, general practitioners (GPs) are daily under both physical and psychological pressure.\u00a0 Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was carried out on italian GPs working in Genoa (Italy), to assess the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on mental health. The survey was anonymous and a free Google Forms\u00ae software was used. One hundred thirty-one GPs completed the survey. Compared to GPs with absent or mild depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 < 10), GPs reporting moderate to severe depressive symptoms (N=30, 22.9%; PHQ-9 \u2265 10) reported more helplessness (96.7% vs. 79.2%, p=.025), spent more than three hours searching for COVID-19 information (43.3% vs. 19.8%, p=.024), perceived less adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) (6.7% vs. 23.8%, p=.049) and visited more COVID-19 infected patients (16.63 \u00b1 27.30 vs. 9.52 \u00b1 11.75, p=.041). Moreover, PHQ-9 \u2265 10 GPs reported a significant higher severity for both anxiety and insomnia (13.43 \u00b1 4.96 vs. 4.88 \u00b1 3.53 and 11.60 \u00b1 5.53 vs. 4.84 \u00b1 3.81, respectively; p<.001), and a worse quality of life in both mental (34.60 \u00b1 7.45 vs. 46.01 \u00b1 7.83, p<.001) and physical (43.50 \u00b1 9.37 vs. 52.94 \u00b1 4.78, p<.001) component summary. Our results give early insight into the urgent need to provide continuity of care for patients at the community-level, adequate PPE to GPs and a clear guidance from public health institutions. A precarious healthcare system both at a national and regional level might have triggered negative mental health outcomes in Italian GPs."}, {"pmid": 32437014, "title": "A preliminary evaluation on the efficacy of ozone therapy in the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zheng, Zhishui", "Dong, Minglin", "Hu, Ke"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437014", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Ozone may exert its antiviral actions and ozone therapy has been demonstrated therapeutically usefulness in influenza and novel viruses. In this letter, two severe cases with COVID-19 received ozone therapy were described. The results showed that ozone therapy may promote recovery of clinical condition and improvement of chest CT images, shorten the duration of viral shedding and length of hospital stay. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32452879, "pmcid": "PMC7268860", "title": "Rehabilitation Response in Pandemics.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Amatya, Bhasker", "Khan, Fary"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452879", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The WHO declared a pandemic due to the serious health risk posed by Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The number of infected cases is on the rise globally with escalating human, economic and societal costs. COVID-19 survivors may suffer a range of clinical, functional and psychological impairments, resulting in disabilities. Many are amenable to rehabilitation intervention. The current focus of COVID-19 management is on public health measures and acute management. As patients transfer to sub-acute care or discharged to the community, rehabilitation services need to have a number of organizational and operational models in place to provide safe effective care for patients and health professionals.There is need for global action by professional organizations in developing a structured rehabilitation approach for international response to disasters, including pandemics. This report proposes development of a 'Rehabilitation Response Plan' to enable the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, to provide crucial leadership and governance role in liaison and coordination with the WHO (and other stakeholders), to provide rehabilitation input during current and future pandemics. The key considerations include following categories: Governance, Coordination, Communication, Evaluation, and Care-continuum. These will strengthen rehabilitation, assist in the effective delivery of services, provide advocacy, and an international coordinated perspective."}, {"pmid": 32412402, "pmcid": "PMC7264446", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Afghanistan: Measures and challenges.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mousavi, Sayed Hamid", "Abdi, Milad", "Zahid, Shafi Ullah", "Wardak, Kalimullah"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412402", "countries": ["Afghanistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274879, "pmcid": "PMC7262049", "title": "Slowdown of urology residents' learning curve during the COVID-19 emergency.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Porpiglia, Francesco", "Checcucci, Enrico", "Amparore, Daniele", "Verri, Paolo", "Campi, Riccardo", "Claps, Francesco", "Esperto, Franceso", "Fiori, Cristian", "Carrieri, Giuseppe", "Ficarra, Vincenzo", "Mario Scarpa, Roberto", "Dasgupta, Prokar"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274879", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497632, "pmcid": "PMC7263255", "title": "Potential therapeutic targets for combating SARS-CoV-2: Drug repurposing, clinical trials and recent advancements.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Pandey, Abhjieet", "Nikam, Ajinkya Nitin", "Shreya, Ajjappla Basavraj", "Mutalik, Sadhana P", "Gopalan, Divya", "Kulkarni, Sanjay", "Padya, Bharath Singh", "Fernandes, Gasper", "Mutalik, Srinivas", "Prassl, Ruth"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497632", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has been a tough task for the whole world to deal with. With the absence of specific drugs or vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the situation is very difficult to control. Apart from the absence of specific therapies, the lack of knowledge about potential therapeutic targets and individual perception is adding to the complications. The present review describes the novel SARS-CoV-2 structure, surface proteins, asymptomatic and symptomatic transmission in addition to the genotype and phenotype of SARS-CoV-2 along with genetic strains and similarity between SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2. Therapeutic strategies such as inhibition of the endocytic pathway and suppressing RNA polymerase activity by metal ions, which could be quite beneficial for controlling COVID-19, are outlined. The drug repurposing for SARS-CoV-2 is discussed in detail along with therapeutic classes such as antivirals, antibiotics, and amino quinolones and their probable role in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 with reference to case studies. The ongoing clinical trials both with respect to drug repurposing and vaccines are summarized along with a brief description. The recent advancements and future perspective of ongoing research for therapy and detection of SARS-CoV-2 are provided. The review, in brief, summarizes epidemiology, therapy and the current scenario for combating SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32473047, "title": "COVID 19 and Ethnicity: Spot light on the global rheumatology issues in developing and developed countries.", "journal": "Int J Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Moorthy, Arumugam", "Dubey, Shirish", "Samanta, Ash", "Adebajo, Ade", "Aggarwal, Amita", "Jain, Avinash", "Jain, Nibha", "Lim, S Sam", "Kerr, Gail S", "Kumar, Kanta"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473047", "countries": ["United States", "India", "United Kingdom", "China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A key issue in the response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the internationally recognised observation that COVID-19 disproportionally affects the Black and Minority Ethnic Population (BAME) (1). We focus predominantly on the countries of the UK, USA, and India COVID-19 rheumatology challenges and examples. This unprecedented public health crisis started in China in Dec 2019, following an infection caused by a novel coronavirus strain, named as SARS-CoV2 (2). The World Health Organisation in March 2020 declared this public health emergency as a pandemic (2). COVID-19 pandemic has moved from country to country peaking at different times despite implementation of strict preventive measures, including complete lock down periods with varied success. Case fatality and mortality rates have been highly variable across nations as well as different ethnic groups (3)."}, {"pmid": 32315600, "pmcid": "PMC7146688", "title": "Re: Ventilation-Perfusion Scans During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Kooraki, Soheil", "Hosseiny, Melina", "Myers, Lee", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315600", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335706, "pmcid": "PMC7183390", "title": "CT, [(18)F]FDG-PET/CT and clinical findings before and during early Covid-19 onset in a patient affected by vascular tumour.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Kirienko, Margarita", "Padovano, Barbara", "Serafini, Gianluca", "Marchiano, Alfonso", "Gronchi, Alessandro", "Seregni, Ettore", "Alessi, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335706", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447121, "pmcid": "PMC7242202", "title": "Unheralded Lower Limb Threatening Ischemia in a COVID-19 Patient.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Andrea, Vacirca", "Gianluca, Faggioli", "Rodolfo, Pini", "Paolo, Teutonico", "Alessandro, Pilato", "Mauro, Gargiulo"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447121", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute thromboembolic events appear to be frequent in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We report a case of an intubated patient, who developed a threatening lower limb ischemia. Intra-arterial fibrinolysis and intravenous heparin infusion did not lead to complete recanalization of the tibial arteries, which were successfully treated by surgical embolectomy."}, {"pmid": 32396994, "title": "Special Issues for COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Brambilla, Ilaria", "Tosca, Maria Angela", "De Filippo, Maria", "Licari, Amelia", "Piccotti, Emanuela", "Marseglia, Gian Luigi", "Ciprandi, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396994", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A high prevalence of obesity in patients with severe COVID-19 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation was recently reported.(1) We wish to remind readers that children and adolescents can have COVID-19 disease and that the disease may be extra-pulmonary."}, {"pmid": 32300989, "pmcid": "PMC7160054", "title": "Understanding the Impact of COVID-19 on Latino Sexual Minority Men in a US HIV Hot Spot.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Harkness, Audrey", "Behar-Zusman, Victoria", "Safren, Steven A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300989", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388451, "pmcid": "PMC7191299", "title": "COVID-19 occurring during Natalizumab treatment: a case report in a patient with extended interval dosing approach.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Borriello, Giovanna", "Ianniello, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388451", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which was identified after a recent outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has generated a global pandemic impacting over 200 countries around the world. Recent reports suggest that ACE2, which is the target protein to invade the host, has a ubiquitous presence in human organs, including lung parenchyma, gastrointestinal tract, nasal mucosa, renal and urinary tract, airway epithelia, lymphoid tissues, reproductive organs, vascular endothelium and neurons. In this scenario, neurologists are particularly involved into considering even more specific therapeutic strategies according to the available data during the pandemic. In particular, MS patients are usually receiving disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) with immunosuppressant or immunomodulatory effects, which increase the risk of infections and morbidity, compared with the general population. Development of PML or other serious opportunistic infections during treatment with natalizumab forces to consider whether de-risking strategies are needed in this particular context and how to manage a high-efficacy treatment. In this paper we report on a patient treated with natalizumab for relapsing MS who developed COVID-19 and recovered in a few days without complications. After recovery natalizumab has been administered in the window of the extended interval dosing (EID), without reporting any worsening or new symptoms. This case supports the opportunity to avoid discontinuing or delaying the retreatment over 8 weeks in patients recovered from a recent COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32424004, "title": "Paediatric care in the time of COVID-19 in countries with under-resourced healthcare systems.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Duke, Trevor", "English, Mike", "Carai, Susanne", "Qazi, Shamim"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438386, "title": "Beyond COVID-19: five actions which would improve the health of all New Zealanders.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Espiner, Emma", "Poole, Garth", "Mullaney, Tamara Glyn", "Hoh, Su Mei"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438386", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452455, "pmcid": "PMC7165088", "title": "Professional autonomy and liability of the resident doctor: Between the hammer and the anvil.", "journal": "J Forensic Leg Med", "authors": ["Cioffi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452455", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Within the regime of professional liability of doctors in training, the limits and the medico-legal aspects of their professional duties are not well-defined. The Italian Court of Cassation established in its sentence no. 26311/2019 that resident doctors do not work at hospitals just to receive their professional training. They are, indeed, licensed physicians and therefore bear full responsibility for the acts performed within the compass of their professional activity. The purpose of this article is to briefly define the possible consequences of this judgment."}, {"pmid": 32460457, "title": "Selecting coronavirus disease 2019 patients with negligible risk of progression: early experience from non-hospital isolation facility in Korea.", "journal": "Korean J Intern Med", "authors": ["Choe, Pyoeng Gyun", "Kang, Eun Kyo", "Lee, Sun Young", "Oh, Boram", "Im, Dahae", "Lee, Hyo Yeon", "Jung, Hyemin", "Kang, Chang Kyung", "Kim, Min Sun", "Park, Wan Beom", "Choi, Eun Hwa", "Cho, BeLong", "Oh, Myoung-Don", "Kim, Nam Joong"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460457", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the novel coronavirus (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) outbreak progresses rapidly, staying home is recommended for suspected patients; however, the safety of this recommendation is uncertain. In Korea, non-hospital facilities called \"living and treatment centers (LTCs)\" have been established since 5 March 2020. The LTCs provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the safety of selection criteria for low-risk groups. Between 5 March and 9 April 2020, patients with COVID-19 who met the following criteria were admitted to the LTC; alert, age below 65 years old, no underlying disease or well-controlled underlying disease, body temperature below 38.0\u00b0C, whether taking antipyretics or not, and no dyspnea. Patients were closely observed by doctors or nurses' interviews twice a day and transferred to hospitals when symptoms worsened. A total of 113 patients were admitted to the LTC; 52.2% were female, with a median age of 25 years (interquartile range, 21.5 to 39.5). Of 113 patients, 54 (47.8%) were asymptomatic at diagnosis, and 15 (13.3%) had no symptoms until they were released from isolation. During the follow-up period, two (1.8%) patients were transferred to a hospital but did not progress to severe status during hospitalization. The risk of progression was negligible in COVID-19 patients who met the admission criteria for LTC at the time of diagnosis. LTCs could be a safe alternative considering shortage of hospital beds."}, {"pmid": 32374901, "pmcid": "PMC7267624", "title": "Infection control measures of a Taiwanese hospital to confront the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Kaohsiung J Med Sci", "authors": ["Chang, Ya-Ting", "Lin, Chun-Yu", "Tsai, Ming-Ju", "Hung, Ching-Tzu", "Hsu, Chia-Wen", "Lu, Po-Liang", "Hou, Ming-Feng"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374901", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization announced the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic on 12 March 2020. Although being in proximity to China, the original epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak, Taiwan has maintained a low number of COVID-19 cases despite its close social ties and heavy traffic between Taiwan and China. Containment strategies executed by the Taiwanese government have attracted global attention. Similarly, in-hospital settings, high alertness and swift responses to the changing outbreak situation are necessary to ensure hospital staff members' safety so they can continue to save patients' lives. Herein, we present infection control measures that can be adopted in hospital settings that were executed in a Taiwanese hospital to confront the COVID-19 pandemic, including emergency preparedness and responses from the hospital administration, education, surveillance, patient flow arrangement, the partition of hospital zones, and the prevention of a systemic shutdown by using the \"divided cabin, divided flow\" strategy. The measures implemented by a Taiwan hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic may not be universally applicable in every hospital. Nonetheless, the presented infection control methods have been practically executed and can be referenced or modified to fit each hospital's unique condition."}, {"pmid": 32098422, "pmcid": "PMC7077191", "title": "Systematic Comparison of Two Animal-to-Human Transmitted Human Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Xu, Jiabao", "Zhao, Shizhe", "Teng, Tieshan", "Abdalla, Abualgasim Elgaili", "Zhu, Wan", "Xie, Longxiang", "Wang, Yunlong", "Guo, Xiangqian"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32098422", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the world in 2003, human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been reported as pathogens that cause severe symptoms in respiratory tract infections. Recently, a new emerged HCoV isolated from the respiratory epithelium of unexplained pneumonia patients in the Wuhan seafood market caused a major disease outbreak and has been named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus causes acute lung symptoms, leading to a condition that has been named as \"coronavirus disease 2019\" (COVID-19). The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and of SARS-CoV caused widespread fear and concern and has threatened global health security. There are some similarities and differences in the epidemiology and clinical features between these two viruses and diseases that are caused by these viruses. The goal of this work is to systematically review and compare between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in the context of their virus incubation, originations, diagnosis and treatment methods, genomic and proteomic sequences, and pathogenic mechanisms."}, {"pmid": 32516704, "title": "Cancer and COVID-19: Unmasking their ties.", "journal": "Cancer Treat Rev", "authors": ["Addeo, A", "Friedlaender, A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516704", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) and its clinical manifestation, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) have rapidly spread across the globe, leading to the declaration of a pandemic. While most present mild symptoms, it appears as though nearly 20% of confirmed patients develop significant complications. These include acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock and multi-organ failure, with a 3-6% mortality. A plethora of treatments has been or is being assessed, but to date, none has been proven effective. Management is mainly symptomatic, with organ support for the critically ill. Several reports, mainly case series, from across the world have concluded that patients with malignancy appear more susceptible to severe infection and mortality from COVID-19. This could be attributed to immunosuppression, co-existing medical conditions and underlying pulmonary compromise which is often the case in lung malignancy. Patients with haematological cancer and those who are receiving active chemotherapy treatment may be at greatest risk due to increased immunosuppression. This pandemic tested the resilience of worldwide health-care systems in an unprecedented manner. It has forced oncologists to rethink the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process, based on the local prevalence and impact of COVID-19. In this review we will discuss the impact of COVID-19 on patients affected by cancer, their diagnosis and management, as well as the pathophysiology of COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress symptoms and currently investigated treatment approaches."}, {"pmid": 32474396, "pmcid": "PMC7204699", "title": "Bronchoscopy use in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Respir Med Res", "authors": ["Vergnon, J-M", "Trosini-Desert, V", "Fournier, C", "Lachkar, S", "Dutau, H", "Guibert, N", "Escarguel, B", "Froudarakis, M"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474396", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437754, "pmcid": "PMC7211575", "title": "Identifying potential undocumented COVID-19 using publicly reported influenza-like-illness and laboratory-confirmed influenza disease in the United States: An approach to syndromic surveillance?", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Wiemken, Timothy L", "Shacham, Enbal"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437754", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the absence of widespread testing, syndromic surveillance approaches may be useful for understanding potential undocumented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States. We used publicly available data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FluView Interactive to evaluate its potential for COVID-19 syndromic surveillance. Unlike the prior 3 influenza seasons, we found a 76% decrease in influenza positive tests and a 27% increase in influenza like illness during the weeks since COVID-19 outbreaks began in the United States, which suggests FluView's potential utility for COVID-19 syndromic surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32352309, "title": "Infection Control for CT Equipment and Radiographers' Personal Protection During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak in China.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Qu, Jieming", "Yang, Wenjie", "Yang, Yanzhao", "Qin, Le", "Yan, Fuhua"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352309", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. Because CT plays an important role in diagnosis, isolation, treatment, and effective evaluation of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), infection prevention and control management of CT examination rooms is important. CONCLUSION. We describe modifications to the CT examination process, strict disinfection of examination rooms, arrangement of waiting areas, and efforts to increase radiographers' awareness of personal protection made at our institution during the COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, we discuss the potential of using artificial intelligence in imaging patients with contagious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32400943, "pmcid": "PMC7272909", "title": "Ethical framework for head and neck endocrine surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Chen, Amy Y", "Shindo, Maisie"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400943", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436604, "title": "A case of goggle-mask-related impetigo at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Yu, Qian", "Li, Wei", "Yang, Lianjuan"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436604", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276256, "pmcid": "PMC7164396", "title": "Editorial. Early lessons in the management of COVID-19 for the pediatric neurosurgical community from the leadership of the American Society of Pediatric Neurosurgeons.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Pediatr", "authors": ["Wellons, John C", "Grant, Gerald", "Krieger, Mark D", "Ragheb, John", "Robinson, Shenandoah", "Weprin, Bradley", "Ojemann, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276256", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249956, "pmcid": "PMC7228372", "title": "Structural variations in human ACE2 may influence its binding with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Hussain, Mushtaq", "Jabeen, Nusrat", "Raza, Fozia", "Shabbir, Sanya", "Baig, Ayesha A", "Amanullah, Anusha", "Aziz, Basma"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249956", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is unarguably the most fearsome compared with the earlier outbreaks caused by other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Human ACE2 is now established as a receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Where variations in the viral spike protein, in turn, lead to the cross-species transmission of the virus, genetic variations in the host receptor ACE2 may also contribute to the susceptibility and/or resistance against the viral infection. This study aims to explore the binding of the proteins encoded by different human ACE2 allelic variants with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Briefly, coding variants of ACE2 corresponding to the reported binding sites for its attachment with coronavirus spike protein were selected and molecular models of these variants were constructed by homology modeling. The models were then superimposed over the native ACE2 and ACE2-spike protein complex, to observe structural changes in the ACE2 variants and their intermolecular interactions with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, respectively. Despite strong overall structural similarities, the spatial orientation of the key interacting residues varies in the ACE2 variants compared with the wild-type molecule. Most ACE2 variants showed a similar binding affinity for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as observed in the complex structure of wild-type ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. However, ACE2 alleles, rs73635825 (S19P) and rs143936283 (E329G) showed noticeable variations in their intermolecular interactions with the viral spike protein. In summary, our data provide a structural basis of potential resistance against SARS-CoV-2 infection driven by ACE2 allelic variants."}, {"pmid": 32353344, "pmcid": "PMC7185943", "title": "Estimation of COVID-19 burden in Egypt - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tuite, Ashleigh R", "Ng, Victoria", "Rees, Erin", "Fisman, David", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Khan, Kamran", "Bogoch, Isaac I"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353344", "countries": ["Egypt"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292841, "pmcid": "PMC7118653", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Radiation Oncology Clinics and Cancer Patients in the U.S.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Rivera, Amanda", "Ohri, Nitin", "Thomas, Evan", "Miller, Robert", "Knoll, Miriam A"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292841", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497703, "title": "Effectively Engaging Geriatric Patients via Teledermatology.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Simpson, Cory L", "Kovarik, Carrie L"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497703", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303483, "pmcid": "PMC7153522", "title": "COVID-19 in long-term care facilities: An upcoming threat that cannot be ignored.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lai, Chih-Cheng", "Wang, Jui-Hsiang", "Ko, Wen-Chien", "Yen, Muh-Yong", "Lu, Min-Chi", "Lee, Chun-Ming", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303483", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521062, "title": "Headache as the Presenting Symptom in 2 Patients with COVID-19 and a History of Migraine: 2 Case Reports.", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Singh, Jyotika", "Ali, Ashhar"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521062", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has now affected more than five million people globally. Typical symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Patients with underlying medical comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes are more likely to become severely ill. To date there is limited information on how COVID-19 affects patients with a history migraine. Here, we present the cases of 2 women with a history of migraine whose first symptom of COVID-19 was a severe persistent headache."}, {"pmid": 32400084, "pmcid": "PMC7272871", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in two patients following recent lung transplantation.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Koczulla, Rembert A", "Sczepanski, Bernd", "Koteczki, Adam", "Kuhnert, Stefan", "Hecker, Matthias", "Askevold, Ingolf", "Schneider, Christian", "Michel, Sebastian", "Kneidinger, Nikolaus"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400084", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a world spreading health problem with pandemic character. Lung transplant recipients may be particularly at risk due to the high degree of immunosupression and the lung being the organ primarily affected by COVID-19. We describe a 16-year old male and a 64-year old female recently lung transplanted patients with COVID-19 during inpatient rehabilitation. Both patients were on triple immunosuppressive therapy and had no signs of allograft dysfunction. Both patients had close contact to a person who developed COVID-19 and were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Subsequently, both patients underwent systematic screening and SARS-CoV-2 was detected ultimately. While the 16-year old boy was completely asymptomatic, the 64-year old woman developed only mild COVID-19. Immunosuppressive therapy was unchanged and no experimental treatment was initiated. No signs of graft involvement or dysfunction were noticed. In conclusion, our report of patients with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and mild COVID-19 respectively, may indicate that lung transplant recipients are not per se at risk for severe COVID-19. Further observations and controlled trials are urgently needed to study SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung transplant recipients."}, {"pmid": 32238094, "title": "Identification of chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 via integrated computational approach.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Khan, Salman Ali", "Zia, Komal", "Ashraf, Sajda", "Uddin, Reaz", "Ul-Haq, Zaheer"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238094", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the world has witnessed outbreak of a novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the virus which initially emerged in Wuhan, China has now made its way to a large part of the world, resulting in a public emergency of international concern. The functional importance of Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) in viral replication and maturation turns it into an attractive target for the development of effective antiviral drugs against SARS and other coronaviruses. At present, there is no standard drug regime nor any vaccine available against the infection. The rapid development and identification of efficient interventions against SARS-CoV-2 remains a major challenge. Based on the available knowledge of closely related coronavirus and their safety profiles, repurposing of existing antiviral drugs and screening of available databases is considered a near term strategic and economic way to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Herein, we applied computational drug design methods to identify Chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitors from FDA approved antiviral drugs and our in-house database of natural and drug-like compounds of synthetic origin. As a result three FDA approved drugs (Remdesivir, Saquinavir and Darunavir) and two natural compounds (. flavone and coumarine derivatives) were identified as promising hits. Further, MD simulation and binding free energy calculations were performed to evaluate the dynamic behavior, stability of protein-ligand contact, and binding affinity of the hit compounds. Our results indicate that the identified compounds can inhibit the function of Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) of Coronavirus. Considering the severity of the spread of coronavirus, the current study is in-line with the concept of finding the new inhibitors against the vital pathway of the corona virus to expedite the process of drug discovery.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32373394, "pmcid": "PMC7198438", "title": "Using the contact network model and Metropolis-Hastings sampling to reconstruct the COVID-19 spread on the \"Diamond Princess\".", "journal": "Sci Bull (Beijing)", "authors": ["Liu, Feng", "Li, Xin", "Zhu, Gaofeng"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373394", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Traditional compartmental models such as SIR (susceptible, infected, recovered) assume that the epidemic transmits in a homogeneous population, but the real contact patterns in epidemics are heterogeneous. Employing a more realistic model that considers heterogeneous contact is consequently necessary. Here, we use a contact network to reconstruct unprotected, protected contact, and airborne spread to simulate the two-stages outbreak of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) on the \"Diamond Princess\" cruise ship. We employ Bayesian inference and Metropolis-Hastings sampling to estimate the model parameters and quantify the uncertainties by the ensemble simulation technique. During the early epidemic with intensive social contacts, the results reveal that the average transmissibility \n                        t\n                     was 0.026 and the basic reproductive number \n                        \n                            R\n                            0\n                        \n                     was 6.94, triple that in the WHO report, indicating that all people would be infected in one month. The \n                        t\n                     and \n                        \n                            R\n                            0\n                        \n                     decreased to 0.0007 and 0.2 when quarantine was implemented. The reconstruction suggests that diluting the airborne virus concentration in closed settings is useful in addition to isolation, and high-risk susceptible should follow rigorous prevention measures in case exposed. This study can provide useful implications for control and prevention measures for the other cruise ships and closed settings."}, {"pmid": 32272957, "pmcid": "PMC7145275", "title": "COVID-19 the showdown for mass casualty preparedness and management: the Cassandra Syndrome.", "journal": "World J Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Coccolini, Federico", "Sartelli, Massimo", "Kluger, Yoram", "Pikoulis, Emmanouil", "Karamagioli, Evika", "Moore, Ernest E", "Biffl, Walter L", "Peitzman, Andrew", "Hecker, Andreas", "Chirica, Mircea", "Damaskos, Dimitrios", "Ordonez, Carlos", "Vega, Felipe", "Fraga, Gustavo P", "Chiarugi, Massimo", "Di Saverio, Salomone", "Kirkpatrick, Andrew W", "Abu-Zidan, Fikri", "Mefire, Alain Chicom", "Leppaniemi, Ari", "Khokha, Vladimir", "Sakakushev, Boris", "Catena, Rodolfo", "Coimbra, Raul", "Ansaloni, Luca", "Corbella, Davide", "Catena, Fausto"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272957", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the world is potentially facing one of the most difficult infectious situations of the last decades. COVID-19 epidemic warrants consideration as a mass casualty incident (MCI) of the highest nature. An optimal MCI/disaster management should consider all four phases of the so-called disaster cycle: mitigation, planning, response, and recovery. COVID-19 outbreak has demonstrated the worldwide unpreparedness to face a global MCI.This present paper thus represents a call for action to solicitate governments and the Global Community to actively start effective plans to promote and improve MCI management preparedness in general, and with an obvious current focus on COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32188484, "pmcid": "PMC7081524", "title": "Host susceptibility to severe COVID-19 and establishment of a host risk score: findings of 487 cases outside Wuhan.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Shi, Yu", "Yu, Xia", "Zhao, Hong", "Wang, Hao", "Zhao, Ruihong", "Sheng, Jifang"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188484", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412522, "pmcid": "PMC7220848", "title": "COVID, resilience, and the built environment.", "journal": "Environ Syst Decis", "authors": ["Keenan, Jesse M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412522", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article provides a perspective on the reciprocal relationships between public and private sector resilience planning activities and the ongoing COVID responses in the U.S. Through the lens of the built environment, this article provides selected insights into how various disaster, organizational, and engineering resilience activities have likely positively shaped COVID responses within the healthcare sector. These positive influences are contextualized within extensive efforts within public health and healthcare management to calibrate community resilience frameworks and practices for utilization in everything from advancing community health to the continuity of facilities operations. Thereafter, the article shifts focus to speculate on how ongoing experiences under COVID might yield positive impacts for future resilience designs, plans and policies within housing and the built environment. Through this perspective, the article hopes to explore those often overlooked aspects of the physical and social parameters of the built environment that may be understood as providing opportunities to inform future disaster, public health, and climate change preparations and responses."}, {"pmid": 32470186, "title": "Correlation between the variables collected at admission and progression to severe cases during hospitalization among patients with COVID-19 in Chongqing.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Duan, Jun", "Wang, Xiaohui", "Chi, Jing", "Chen, Hong", "Bai, Linfu", "Hu, Qianfang", "Han, Xiaoli", "Hu, Wenhui", "Zhu, Linxiao", "Wang, Xue", "Li, You", "Zhou, Chenmei", "Mou, Huaming", "Yan, Xiaofeng", "Guo, Shuliang"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470186", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mortality is high among severe patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected disease (COVID-19). Early prediction of progression to severe cases is needed. We retrospectively collected patients with COVID-19 in two hospital of Chongqing from 1st January\u00a0to 29th February\u00a02020. At admission, we collected the demographics and laboratory tests to predict whether the patient would progress to severe cases in hospitalization. Severe case was confirmed when one of the following criteria occurred: (a) dyspnea, respiratory rate\u00a0\u226530 breaths/min, (b) blood oxygen saturation \u226493%, and (c) PaO2 /FiO2 \u2009\u2264\u2009300\u2009mm Hg. At admission, 348 mild cases were enrolled in this study. Of them, 20 (5.7%) patients progressed to severe cases after median 4.0 days (interquartile range: 2.3-6.0). Pulmonary inflammation index, platelet counts, sodium, C-reactive protein, prealbumin, and PaCO2 showed good distinguishing power to predict progression to severe cases (each area under the curve\u00a0of receiver operating characteristics [AUC]\u2009\u2265\u20090.8). Age, heart rate, chlorine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, procalcitonin, creatine kinase, pH, CD3 counts, and CD4 counts showed moderate distinguishing power (each AUC between 0.7-0.8). And potassium, creatinine, temperature, and D-dimer showed mild distinguishing power (each AUC between 0.6-0.7). In addition, higher C-reactive protein was associated with shorter time to progress to severe cases (r\u2009=\u2009-0.62). Several easily obtained variables at admission are associated with progression to severe cases during hospitalization. These variables provide a reference for the medical staffs when they manage the patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32346090, "pmcid": "PMC7186942", "title": "Does asthma make COVID-19 worse?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Hegde, Samarth"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346090", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32080723, "pmcid": "PMC7107546", "title": "Quantifying the association between domestic travel and the exportation of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases from Wuhan, China in 2020: a correlational analysis.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Zhao, Shi", "Zhuang, Zian", "Cao, Peihua", "Ran, Jinjun", "Gao, Daozhou", "Lou, Yijun", "Yang, Lin", "Cai, Yongli", "Wang, Weiming", "He, Daihai", "Wang, Maggie H"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32080723", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435791, "title": "Connecting hydroxychloroquine in vitro antiviral activity to in vivo concentration for prediction of antiviral effect: a critical step in treating COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Fan, Jianghong", "Zhang, Xinyuan", "Liu, Jiang", "Yang, Yuching", "Zheng, Nan", "Liu, Qi", "Bergman, Kimberly", "Reynolds, Kellie", "Huang, Shiew-Mei", "Zhu, Hao", "Wang, Yaning"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435791", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Translation of in vitro antiviral activity to the in vivo setting is crucial to identify potentially effective dosing regimens of hydroxychloroquine. In vitro EC50/EC90 values for hydroxychloroquine should be compared to the in vivo free extracellular tissue concentration, which is similar to the free plasma hydroxychloroquine concentration."}, {"pmid": 32516429, "title": "Anticoagulation with Argatroban in patients with acute antithrombin deficiency in severe COVID -19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Arachchillage, Deepa J", "Remmington, Christopher", "Rosenberg, Alex", "Xu, Tina", "Passariello, Maurizio", "Hall, Donna", "Laffan, A Mike", "Patel, Brijesh V"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516429", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a highly prothrombotic disease, frequently requiring anticoagulation for prevention or treatment of thrombosis and to enable organ support (Bikdeli, Madhavan et al. 2020). The reported incidence of thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 varies considerably depending on anticoagulant regimen, severity of disease and additional risk factors such as central lines. The most commonly used in-hospital anticoagulants, unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), require antithrombin (AT) to exert their anticoagulant effect (Bussey and Francis 2004). Therefore, AT deficiency can result in failure achieve adequate anticoagulation with UFH or LMWH at usual doses."}, {"pmid": 32403995, "title": "Development of multi-specific humanized llama antibodies blocking SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 interaction with high affinity and avidity.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Dong, Jianbo", "Huang, Betty", "Jia, Zhejun", "Wang, Bo", "Gallolu Kankanamalage, Sachith", "Titong, Allison", "Liu, Yue"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403995", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses cause severe human viral diseases including SARS, MERS and COVID-19. Most recently SARS-CoV-2 virus (causing COVID-19) has led to a pandemic with no successful therapeutics. The SARS-CoV-2 infection relies on trimeric spike (S) proteins to facilitate virus entry into host cells by binding to ACE2 receptor on host cell membranes. Therefore, blocking this interaction with antibodies are promising agents against SARS-CoV-2. Here we describe using humanized llama antibody VHHs against SARS-CoV-2 that would overcome the limitations associated with polyclonal and monoclonal combination therapies. From two llama VHH libraries, unique humanized VHHs that bind to S protein and block the S/ACE2 interaction were identified. Furthermore, pairwise combination of VHHs showed synergistic blocking. Multi-specific antibodies with enhanced affinity and avidity, and improved S/ACE2 blocking are currently being developed using an in-silico approach that also fuses VHHs to Fc domains. Importantly, our current bi-specific antibody shows potent S/ACE2 blocking (KD - 0.25 nM, IC100\u2009\u223c\u200936.7\u2009nM, IC95\u2009\u223c\u200912.2\u2009nM, IC50\u2009\u223c\u20091\u2009nM) which is significantly better than individual monoclonal VHH-Fcs. Overall, this design would equip the VHH-Fcs multiple mechanisms of actions against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, we aim to contribute to the battle against COVID-19 by developing therapeutic antibodies as well as diagnostics."}, {"pmid": 32292697, "pmcid": "PMC7129775", "title": "Chinese herbal Huo-Gu Formula for treatment of steroid-associated osteonecrosis of femoral head: a 14-years follow-up of convalescent SARS patients.", "journal": "J Orthop Translat", "authors": ["Huang, Zeqing", "Fu, Fanyu", "Ye, Hengli", "Gao, Huanhuan", "Tan, Biao", "Wang, Rongtian", "Lin, Na", "Qin, Ling", "Chen, Weiheng"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292697", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reminds us of the SARS outbreak in 2003, and up to date, corticosteroid is commonly administrated to severe patients with COVID-19. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common disabling complication among convalescent SARS patients who received corticosteroid therapy. In China, a considerable number of convalescent SARS patients with steroid-associated ONFH had undergone conservative treatment by Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and this study aims to evaluate the long-term results of a spleen-invigorating Huo-Gu Formula (HGF) therapy in these patients. and methods: A total of 33 convalescent SARS patients (nine males and 24 females) with bilateral steroid-associated ONFH (66 hips) were enrolled in this study. All patients received oral HGF therapy for six months when they were confirmed the diagnosis of steroid-associated ONFH. They had been regularly followed up at an interval of one year. Harris hip score and medical imaging modalities, including plain radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, were performed to evaluate the outcomes. Based on average 14 years of follow-up of HGF therapy (ranging from six to 16 years), 38 hips (57%) among the 66 hips developed definite osteoarthritis, and 14 hips (26%) in 53 pre-collapse hips (ARCO stage I or II) progressed to femoral head collapse(ARCO stage III or IV). Only five patients (also five hips) underwent total hip arthroplasty, and the mean hip survival time was over 15 years by the Kaplan-Meier analysis. We observed a mean Harris hip score of 63 points, which represented the reserve of 55% in pain score and 70% in physical function score. The severity of groin pain was not correlated to the severity of osteoarthritis. Chinese herbal HGF therapy demonstrates beneficial effects on preventing femoral head collapse, delaying total hip arthroplasty (THA)surgery, and maintaining physical function in the treatment of steroid-associated ONFH. HGF therapy might be therefore a good alternative for the treatment of steroid-associated ONFH secondary to rheumatologic and infection diseases."}, {"pmid": 32024634, "title": "China coronavirus should be on \"everybody's agenda,\" says vaccine expert.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32024634", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507926, "title": "Emergency Department and Out-of-Hospital Emergency System (112-AREU 118) integrated response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Northern Italy centre.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Perlini, Stefano", "Canevari, Fabrizio", "Cortesi, Sergio", "Sgromo, Vito", "Brancaglione, Antonella", "Contri, Enrico", "Pettenazza, Pietro", "Salinaro, Francesco", "Speciale, Francesco", "Sechi, Giuseppe", "Mare, Claudio", "Cutti, Sara", "Novelli, Viola", "Marena, Carlo", "Muzzi, Alba", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Palo, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507926", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the world has been facing the life-threatening disease, named Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The response of the Emergency Medicine network, integrating \"out-of-hospital\" and \"hospital\" activation, is crucial whenever the health system has to face a medical emergency, being caused by natural or human-derived disasters as well as by a rapidly spreading epidemic outbreak. We here report the Pavia Emergency Medicine network response to the COVID-19 outbreak. The \"out-of-hospital\" response was analysed in terms of calls, rescues and missions, whereas the \"hospital\" response was detailed as number of admitted patients and subsequent hospitalisation or discharge. The data in the first 5\u00a0weeks of the Covid-19 outbreak (February 21-March 26, 2020) were compared with a reference time window referring to the previous 5\u00a0weeks (January 17-February 20, 2020) and with the corresponding historical average data from the previous 5\u00a0years (February 21-March 26). Since February 21, 2020, a sudden and sustained increase in the calls to the AREU 112 system was noted (+\u2009440%). After 5\u00a0weeks, the number of calls and missions was still higher as compared to both the reference pre-Covid-19 period (+\u200948% and\u2009+\u200910%, respectively) and the historical control (+\u200953% and\u2009+\u200922%, respectively). Owing to the overflow from the neighbouring hospitals, which rapidly became overwhelmed and had to temporarily close patient access, the population served by the Pavia system more than doubled (from 547.251 to 1.135.977 inhabitants,\u2009+\u2009108%). To minimize the possibility of intra-hospital spreading of the infection, a separate \"Emergency Department-Infective Disease\" was created, which evaluated 1241 patients with suspected infection (38% of total ED admissions). Out of these 1241 patients, 58.0% (n\u2009=\u2009720) were admitted in general wards (n\u2009=\u2009629) or intensive care unit (n\u2009=\u200991). To allow this massive number of admissions, the hospital reshaped many general ward Units, which became Covid-19 Units (up to 270 beds) and increased the intensive care unit beds from 32 to 60. In the setting of a long-standing continuing emergency like the present Covid-19 outbreak, the integration, interaction and team work of the \"out-of-hospital\" and \"in-hospital\" systems have a pivotal role. The present study reports how the rapid and coordinated reorganization of both might help in facing such a disaster. AREU-112 and the Emergency Department should be ready to finely tune their usual cooperation to respond to a sudden and overwhelming increase in the healthcare needs brought about by a pandemia like the current one. This lesson should shape and reinforce the future."}, {"pmid": 32323577, "pmcid": "PMC7192200", "title": "What the oncologist needs to know about COVID-19 infection in cancer patients.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Rassy, Elie", "Khoury-Abboud, Rita-Maria", "Ibrahim, Nathalie", "Kattan, Clarisse", "Assi, Tarek", "Kattan, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323577", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424314, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19-like disease in cynomolgus macaques.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Le Bras, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424314", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520514, "title": "Incidental COVID-19 Pneumonia on 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Garcia Vicente, Ana Maria", "Soriano Castrejon, Angel"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520514", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present the case of a patient who underwent F-fluorocholine PET/CT for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer in which bilateral pneumonia was diagnosed. In the current state of COVID-19 pandemic, a high prevalence of incidental pneumonia may be expected, even with previous clinical triage, explained by a nondefined number of patients who were asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic for infectious process. Therefore, nuclear medicine physicians should be prepared to recognize and diagnose incidental COVID-19 pneumonia manifestation on F-fluorocholine PET/CT, due to the crucial epidemiological implications."}, {"pmid": 32354417, "pmcid": "PMC7270866", "title": "Heart Failure Collaboratory Statement on Clinical Trials in the Landscape of COVID-19.", "journal": "JACC Heart Fail", "authors": ["Abraham, William T", "Fiuzat, Mona", "Psotka, Mitchell A", "O'Connor, Christopher M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354417", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515391, "title": "Challenges in providing oral and dental health services in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Naqvi, Kashif", "Mubeen, Syed Muhammad", "Ali Shah, Syed Muzumil"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515391", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has rendered the world completely unaware and off-balance. Most of the countries of the world are in a lockdown of varying severity to break the chain of transmission. Many non-essential healthcare practices have been shut down to impose social distancing against a population whose slogan has been freedom of movement. Several healthcare providers have also been caught off guard. Many are not well-versed in the use of transmission-based safeguards, and the dental community, is no different. In this article, we identify the challenges faced by the oral and dental care providers, whose procedures generate a significant amount of aerosol, which can be a significant source of disease transmission within the community. It further describes the dynamics of aerosol spread and various strategies to minimise aerosol generation. Guidelines for the delivery of emergency dental treatment are formulated based on different guidelines from various international dental associations and organisations."}, {"pmid": 32442422, "pmcid": "PMC7237364", "title": "Horizontal transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to a premature infant: multiple organ injury and association with markers of inflammation.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Cook, James", "Harman, Katharine", "Zoica, Bogdana", "Verma, Anita", "D'Silva, Pam", "Gupta, Atul"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442422", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259123, "pmcid": "PMC7114933", "title": "Daily Situation Report on Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran; March 17, 2020.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259123", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The main strategy of the Ministry of Health (MOH) for the control of COVID-19 is active case finding using electronic tools, taking advantage of the capacity of the national primary health care (PHC) network, and community engagement. To accomplish this, all people are asked to participate in the screening process using the MOH's self-assessment portal (salamat.gov.ir). Health workers and public volunteers actively contact suspected cases using information recorded in this portal, as well as the electronic health record (SIB portal). They actively evaluate individuals, follow-up them, and provide them with necessary information. Where needed, clients are referred to 16-hour treatment clinics, which are specifically set up for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, to the hospitals, or will be treated at home. The preliminary results of this national campaign (launched nationwide last week) is provided in this factsheet."}, {"pmid": 32232980, "pmcid": "PMC7228385", "title": "COVID-19 epidemic: Disease characteristics in children.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["She, Jiatong", "Liu, Lanqin", "Liu, Wenjun"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232980", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In mid-December 2019, a disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, which began in Wuhan, China, has spread throughout the country and many countries around the world. The number of children with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has also increased significantly. Although information regarding the epidemiology of COVID-19 in children has accumulated, relevant comprehensive reports are lacking. The present article reviews the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in children."}, {"pmid": 32154288, "pmcid": "PMC7036635", "title": "Which lessons shall we learn from the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak?", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Mattiuzzi, Camilla", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32154288", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32071113, "pmcid": "PMC7030882", "title": "Communication, transparency key as Canada faces new coronavirus threat.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Glauser, Wendy"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32071113", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422207, "pmcid": "PMC7227521", "title": "Balancing risks and benefits in inflammatory bowel disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Kotze, Paulo Gustavo", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent", "Danese, Silvio"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422207", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531002, "title": "Pancreatic involvement in SARS-CoV-2: case report and living review.", "journal": "J Gastrointestin Liver Dis", "authors": ["Pinte, Larisa", "Baicus, Cristian"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531002", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238358, "title": "Clinical Research Slows as COVID-19 Surges.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238358", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic worsens, the clinical cancer community is grappling with how to continue providing access to experimental but potentially lifesaving therapies while keeping immunocompromised patients safe. To that end, cancer centers are making changes to their clinical trial programs, while pharmaceutical companies are deciding how-or whether-trials should continue."}, {"pmid": 32417247, "pmcid": "PMC7224658", "title": "The relationship between trends in COVID-19 prevalence and traffic levels in South Korea.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lee, Hocheol", "Park, Sung Jong", "Lee, Ga Ram", "Kim, Ji Eon", "Lee, Ji Ho", "Jung, Yeseul", "Nam, Eun Woo"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417247", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a COVID-19 pandemic on March 12, 2020. Several studies have indicated that densely populated urban environments and the heavy dependence on traffic could increase the potential spread of COVID-19. This study investigated the association between changes in traffic volume and the spread of COVID-19 in South Korea. This study analyzed the daily national traffic and traffic trend for 3 months from January 1, 2020. Traffic data were measured using 6307 vehicle detection system (VDS). This study analyzed the difference in traffic levels between 2019 and 2020. Non-linear regression was performed to analyze the change in traffic trend in 2020. The relationship between traffic and confirmed COVID-19 cases was analyzed using single linear regression. The mean daily nationwide level of traffic for the first 3 months of 2020 was 143 655 563 vehicles, which was 9.7% lower than the same period in 2019 (159 044 566 vehicles). All regions showed a decreasing trend in traffic in February, which shifted to an increasing trend from March. In Incheon there was a positive, but insignificant, linear relationship between increasing numbers of newly confirmed cases and increasing traffic (\u03b2 = 43 146; p = 0.056). Numbers of newly confirmed COVID-19 patients have been decreasing since March, while the traffic has been increasing. The fact that traffic is increasing indicates greater contact between people, which in turn increases the risk of further COVID-19 spread. Therefore, the government will need to devise suitable policies, such as total social distancing."}, {"pmid": 32390656, "pmcid": "PMC7206417", "title": "Unemployment in the time of COVID-19: A research agenda.", "journal": "J Vocat Behav", "authors": ["Blustein, David L", "Duffy, Ryan", "Ferreira, Joaquim A", "Cohen-Scali, Valerie", "Cinamon, Rachel Gali", "Allan, Blake A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390656", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This essay represents the collective vision of a group of scholars in vocational psychology who have sought to develop a research agenda in response to the massive global unemployment crisis that has been evoked by the COVID-19 pandemic. The research agenda includes exploring how this unemployment crisis may differ from previous unemployment periods; examining the nature of the grief evoked by the parallel loss of work and loss of life; recognizing and addressing the privilege of scholars; examining the inequality that underlies the disproportionate impact of the crisis on poor and working class communities; developing a framework for evidence-based interventions for unemployed individuals; and examining the work-family interface and unemployment among youth."}, {"pmid": 32444452, "title": "COVID-19 lockdown dropped the rate of paediatric asthma admissions.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Krivec, Uros", "Kofol Seliger, Andreja", "Tursic, Janja"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444452", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198191, "title": "Autopsy in suspected COVID-19 cases.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Hanley, Brian", "Lucas, Sebastian B", "Youd, Esther", "Swift, Benjamin", "Osborn, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198191", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan, China has now spread to many countries across the world including the UK with an increasing death toll. This will inevitably lead to an increase in the number of suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related deaths at autopsy. The Royal College of Pathologists has responded to this concern with the release of a briefing on autopsy practice relating to COVID-19. The following article is a summary and interpretation of these guidelines. It includes a description of hazard group 3 organisms, the category to which SARS-CoV-2 has been assigned, a brief description of what is currently known about the pathological and autopsy findings in COVID-19, a summary of the recommendations for conducting autopsies in suspected COVID-19 cases and the techniques for making the diagnosis at autopsy. It concludes by considering the clinicopathological correlation and notification of such cases."}, {"pmid": 32466523, "title": "Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Screening Clinic (Including Drive-Through System) Data at a Single University Hospital in South Korea from 27 January 2020 to 31 March 2020 during the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Healthcare (Basel)", "authors": ["Chang, Min Cheol", "Seo, Wan-Seok", "Park, Donghwi", "Hur, Jian"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466523", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of a drive-through (DT) screening system for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by comparing it with a conventional screening system. We reviewed and analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 screening data obtained at our university hospital. We compared the number of tests for SARS-CoV-2 (using real-time polymerase chain reaction) performed using two different specimen collection systems-DT and conventional-during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Daegu. Based on the results, the DT screening system collected 5.8 times more specimens for testing than the conventional screening system. From January 27 to 31 March 2020, 6211 individuals were screened for SARS-CoV-2 infection using either the DT or conventional system. In total, 217 individuals tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (positive rate: 3.50%). Of the 6211 individuals, 3368 were symptomatic or had a history of contact with COVID-19 patients, and 142 of them tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (positive rate: 4.22%). Further, 2843 individuals were asymptomatic and had no history of contact with COVID-19 patients, and 75 of them tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (positive rate: 2.64%). In conclusion, the DT system allowed clinicians to collect specimens for SARS-CoV-2 screening more efficiently than the conventional system. Furthermore, as there might be several COVID-19 patients who remain asymptomatic, expanding the screening test to asymptomatic individuals would be necessary."}, {"pmid": 32467284, "pmcid": "PMC7256271", "title": "Coding-Complete Genome Sequences of Two SARS-CoV-2 Isolates from Egypt.", "journal": "Microbiol Resour Announc", "authors": ["Kandeil, Ahmed", "Mostafa, Ahmed", "El-Shesheny, Rabeh", "Shehata, Mahmoud", "Roshdy, Wael H", "Ahmed, Shymaa Showky", "Gomaa, Mokhtar", "Taweel, Ahmed El", "Kayed, Ahmed E", "Mahmoud, Sara H", "Moatasim, Yassmin", "Kutkat, Omnia", "Kamel, Mina Nabil", "Mahrous, Noura", "Sayes, Mohamed El", "Guindy, Nancy M El", "Naguib, Amal", "Ali, Mohamed A"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467284", "countries": ["Egypt"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This report announces the complete genome sequences of two severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) isolates detected in Egypt. The isolates were obtained from oropharyngeal swab specimens from two Egyptians in Upper and Lower Egypt. Sequence analysis showed mutations that differentiate Egyptian strains from the reference strain 2019-nCoV WHU01."}, {"pmid": 32339886, "pmcid": "PMC7194883", "title": "New challenges in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Psychosom Res", "authors": ["Fiedorowicz, Jess G"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339886", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339533, "pmcid": "PMC7194589", "title": "Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by Covid-19 in a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Chee, Ying Jie", "Ng, Shereen Jia Huey", "Yeoh, Ester"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339533", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227200, "title": "Older Clinicians and the Surge in Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Buerhaus, Peter I", "Auerbach, David I", "Staiger, Douglas O"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227200", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391409, "pmcid": "PMC7206427", "title": "ONLINE FORECASTING OF COVID-19 CASES IN NIGERIA USING LIMITED DATA.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Abdulmajeed, Kabir", "Adeleke, Monsuru", "Popoola, Labode"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391409", "countries": ["China", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 but later spread to other parts of the world. The disease as at the point of writing this paper has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The application of mathematical models, artificial intelligence, big data, and similar methodologies are potential tools to predict the extent of the spread and effectiveness of containment strategies to stem the transmission of this disease. In societies with constrained data infrastructures, modeling and forecasting COVID-19 becomes an extremely difficult endeavor. Nonetheless, we propose an online forecasting mechanism that streams data from the Nigeria Center for Disease Control to update the parameters of an ensemble model which in turn provides updated COVID-19 forecasts every 24 hours. The ensemble combines an Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA), Prophet - an additive regression model developed by Facebook, and a Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing model combined with Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH). The outcomes of these efforts are expected to provide academic thrust in guiding the policymakers in the deployment of containment strategies and/or assessment of containment interventions in stemming the spread of the disease in Nigeria."}, {"pmid": 32464666, "title": "Federalism Complicates the Response to the COVID-19 Health and Economic Crisis: What Can Be Done?", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Huberfeld, Nicole", "Gordon, Sarah H", "Jones, David K"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464666", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Federalism has complicated the U.S. response to the novel coronavirus. States' actions to address the pandemic have varied widely, and federal and state officials have provided conflicting messages. This fragmented approach surely cost time and lives. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of under-investing in social programs, especially in certain communities. Second, many of the states with the deepest needs are poorly equipped to respond to emergencies due to low taxes and distrust of government, leading to inadequate infrastructure. These dynamics are not new, but they have been laid bare by this crisis. What can policymakers do to address the inequities in health and economic outcomes that federalism intensifies? The first section of this paper offers a case study, using the Mississippi Delta to illustrate the role of federalism in perpetuating the connection between place, health, and economics. The second section examines challenges that safety net programs will face moving beyond the acute phase of COVID-19. Our final section explores near-, middle-, and long-term policy options to mitigate federalism's harmful side effects."}, {"pmid": 32294271, "pmcid": "PMC7262075", "title": "COVID-19 and Cutaneous manifestations.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Mungmungpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294271", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32105610, "pmcid": "PMC7159275", "title": "Scientists are sprinting to outpace the novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Ghebreyesus, Tedros Adhanom", "Swaminathan, Soumya"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105610", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380023, "pmcid": "PMC7198187", "title": "Immunomodulation in COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Ingraham, Nicholas E", "Lotfi-Emran, Sahar", "Thielen, Beth K", "Techar, Kristina", "Morris, Rachel S", "Holtan, Shernan G", "Dudley, R Adams", "Tignanelli, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380023", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404673, "title": "Surgeons, Surgical Research, and the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Chhabra, Karan R", "Lillemoe, Keith D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404673", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32093043, "pmcid": "PMC7073711", "title": "Risk Assessment of Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Outbreaks Outside China.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Boldog, Peter", "Tekeli, Tamas", "Vizi, Zsolt", "Denes, Attila", "Bartha, Ferenc A", "Rost, Gergely"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32093043", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We developed a computational tool to assess the risks of novel coronavirus outbreaks outside of China. We estimate the dependence of the risk of a major outbreak in a country from imported cases on key parameters such as: (i) the evolution of the cumulative number of cases in mainland China outside the closed areas; (ii) the connectivity of the destination country with China, including baseline travel frequencies, the effect of travel restrictions, and the efficacy of entry screening at destination; and (iii) the efficacy of control measures in the destination country (expressed by the local reproduction number R loc ). We found that in countries with low connectivity to China but with relatively high R loc , the most beneficial control measure to reduce the risk of outbreaks is a further reduction in their importation number either by entry screening or travel restrictions. Countries with high connectivity but low R loc benefit the most from policies that further reduce R loc . Countries in the middle should consider a combination of such policies. Risk assessments were illustrated for selected groups of countries from America, Asia, and Europe. We investigated how their risks depend on those parameters, and how the risk is increasing in time as the number of cases in China is growing."}, {"pmid": 32201335, "pmcid": "PMC7198856", "title": "Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Driggin, Elissa", "Madhavan, Mahesh V", "Bikdeli, Behnood", "Chuich, Taylor", "Laracy, Justin", "Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe", "Brown, Tyler S", "Der Nigoghossian, Caroline", "Zidar, David A", "Haythe, Jennifer", "Brodie, Daniel", "Beckman, Joshua A", "Kirtane, Ajay J", "Stone, Gregg W", "Krumholz, Harlan M", "Parikh, Sahil A"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201335", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that has significant implications for the cardiovascular care of patients. First, those with COVID-19 and pre-existing cardiovascular disease have an increased risk of severe disease and death. Second, infection has been associated with multiple direct and indirect cardiovascular complications including acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmias, and venous thromboembolism. Third, therapies under investigation for COVID-19 may have cardiovascular side effects. Fourth, the response to COVID-19 can compromise the rapid triage of non-COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular conditions. Finally, the provision of cardiovascular care may place health care workers in a position of vulnerability as they become hosts or vectors of virus transmission. We hereby review the peer-reviewed and pre-print reports pertaining to\u00a0cardiovascular considerations related to COVID-19 and highlight gaps in knowledge that require further study pertinent to patients, health care workers, and health systems."}, {"pmid": 32408679, "title": "Identifying Research Trends and Gaps in the Context of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Zhang, Hongyue", "Shaw, Rajib"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408679", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world in different ways. Not only are people's lives and livelihoods affected, but the virus has also affected people's lifestyles. In the research sector, there have been significant changes, and new research is coming very strongly in the related fields of virology and epidemiology. Similar trends were observed after the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) episodes of 2003 and 2012, respectively. Analyzing 20 years of published scientific papers, this article points out the highlights of coronavirus-related research. Significant progress is observed in the past research related to virology, epidemiology, infectious diseases among others. However, in research linked to public health, its governance, technology, and risk communication there seem to be gap areas. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) global research road map has identified social science-related research as a priority area, more focus needs to be given in the upcoming days for multi, cross and trans-disciplinary research related to public health and disaster risk reduction."}, {"pmid": 32282404, "pmcid": "PMC7217125", "title": "Incidental CT Findings Suspicious for Covid-19 Associated Pneumonia on Nuclear Medicine Exams: Recognition and Management Plan.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Tulchinsky, Mark", "Fotos, Joseph S", "Slonimsky, Einat"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282404", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some patients undergoing routine SPECT/CT and PET/CT examinations during the Covid-19 pandemic may incidentally reveal findings of Covid-19 associated pneumonia (C-19AP) on localizing CT. It is critical for Nuclear Medicine physicians to develop diagnostic skills for timely recognition of typical findings of C-19AP on a localizing CT. Furthermore, it is our responsibility to know the optimal practices for safely isolating and managing such patients while protecting the staff, other patients at the facility, family and/or friend accompanying the patients, and the public in general from risky exposure to Covid-19 sources. We offer several steps following an encounter suspicious of C-19AP."}, {"pmid": 32433298, "pmcid": "PMC7268858", "title": "Design and Impact of a COVID-19 Multidisciplinary Bundled Procedure Team.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Albutt, Katherine", "Luckhurst, Casey M", "Alba, George A", "Hechi, Majed El", "Mokhtari, Ava", "Breen, Kerry", "Wing, Johnathan", "Akeju, Oluwaseun", "Kalva, Sanjeeva P", "Mullen, John T", "Lillemoe, Keith D", "Kaafarani, Haytham"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433298", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432438, "title": "Do we need an \"ad Hoc\" informed consent for patients treated in the COVID-19 era? The risk of falling from heroes to zeros.", "journal": "Minerva Urol Nefrol", "authors": ["Gennari, Roberto", "Naspro, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432438", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32061200, "title": "[Analysis of CT features of 15 Children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Feng, K", "Yun, Y X", "Wang, X F", "Yang, G D", "Zheng, Y J", "Lin, C M", "Wang, L F"], "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061200", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To explore imaging characteristics of children with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data and chest CT images of 15 children diagnosed with 2019-nCoV. They were admitted to the third people's Hospital of Shenzhen from January 16 to February 6, 2020. The distribution and morphology of pulmonary lesions on chest CT images were analyzed. Results: Among the 15 children, there were 5 males and 10 females, aged from 4 to 14 years old. Five of the 15 children were febrile and 10 were asymptomatic on first visit. The first nasal or pharyngeal swab samples in all the 15 cases were positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid. For their first chest CT images, 6 patients had no lesions, while 9 patients had pulmonary inflammation lesions. Seven cases of small nodular ground glass opacities and 2 cases of speckled ground glass opacities were found. After 3 to 5 days of treatment, 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in a second respiratory sample turned negative in 6 cases. Among them, chest CT images showed less lesions in 2 cases, no lesion in 3 cases, and no improvement in 1 case. Other 9 cases were still positive in a second nucleic acid test. Six patients showed similar chest CT inflammation, while 3 patients had new lesions, which were all small nodular ground glass opacities. Conclusions: The early chest CT images of children with 2019-nCoV infection are mostly small nodular ground glass opacities. The clinical symptoms of children with 2019-nCoV infection are nonspecific. Dynamic reexamination of chest CT and nucleic acid are important."}, {"pmid": 32389604, "pmcid": "PMC7204675", "title": "Prognostication and Proactive Planning in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Newport, Kristina B", "Malhotra, Sonia", "Widera, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389604", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Accurate prognostication is challenging in the setting of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, due to rapidly changing data, studies that are not generalizable, and lack of morbidity and functional outcomes in survivors. To provide meaningful guidance to patients, existing mortality data must be considered and appropriately applied. Although most people infected with SARS-CoV-2 will recover, mortality increases with age and comorbidity in those who develop severe illness."}, {"pmid": 32398430, "pmcid": "PMC7219840", "title": "Rethinking sedation during prolonged mechanical ventilation for COVID-19 respiratory failure.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Madhok, Jai", "Mihm, Frederick G"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398430", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387513, "pmcid": "PMC7201218", "title": "Addressing potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health of elite athletes.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Mehrsafar, Amir Hossien", "Gazerani, Parisa", "Moghadam Zadeh, Ali", "Jaenes Sanchez, Jose Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387513", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456664, "pmcid": "PMC7249982", "title": "Prone ventilation of critically ill adults with COVID-19: how to perform CPR in cardiac arrest?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Medrzycka-Dabrowska, Wioletta", "Lewandowska, Katarzyna", "Slezak, Daniel", "Dabrowski, Sebastian"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456664", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507114, "title": "Air and environmental sampling for SARS-CoV-2 around hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Wong, Shuk-Ching", "Chan, Veronica Wing-Man", "So, Simon Yung-Chun", "Chen, Jonathan Hon-Kwan", "Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Chu, Hin", "Chung, Tom Wai-Hin", "Sridhar, Siddharth", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai", "Ho, Pak-Leung", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507114", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of severe respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-laden aerosols in the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains uncertain. Discordant findings of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in air samples were noted in early reports. Sampling of air close to 6 asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients with and without surgical masks was performed with sampling devices using sterile gelatin filters. Frequently-touched environmental surfaces near 21 patients were swabbed before daily environmental disinfection. The correlation of viral load of patients' clinical samples and environmental samples were analyzed. All the air samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the 6 patients singly isolated inside airborne infection isolation rooms (AIIR) with 12 air change per hour. Nineteen (5.0%) of 377 environmental samples near 21 patients were RT-PCR positive with a median viral load of 9.2x102 copies/ml (range: 1.1x102 to 9.4x104 copies/ml). The contamination rate was highest on patients' mobile phone (7.8%, 6/77), followed by bed rail (5.4%, 4/74) and toilet door handle (5.3%, 4/76). There was a significant correlation between viral load ranges in clinical samples and positivity rate of environmental samples (p < 0.001). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detectable by air sampler which suggests that airborne route is not the predominant mode of transmission of COVID-19. Wearing of surgical mask, appropriate hand hygiene and thorough environmental disinfection are sufficient infection control measures for COVID-19 patients isolated singly in AIIR. But this may not apply during aerosol generating procedures or in cohort wards with large number of COVID-19 patients nursed together."}, {"pmid": 32387320, "pmcid": "PMC7202806", "title": "Tocilizumab therapy reduced intensive care unit admissions and/or mortality in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Klopfenstein, T", "Zayet, S", "Lohse, A", "Balblanc, J-C", "Badie, J", "Royer, P-Y", "Toko, L", "Mezher, C", "Kadiane-Oussou, N J", "Bossert, M", "Bozgan, A-M", "Charpentier, A", "Roux, M-F", "Contreras, R", "Mazurier, I", "Dussert, P", "Gendrin, V", "Conrozier, T"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387320", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No therapy has yet proven effective in COVID-19. Tocilizumab (TCZ) in patients with severe COVID-19 could be an effective treatment. We conducted a retrospective case-control study in the Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, France. We compared the outcome of patients treated with TCZ and patients without TCZ considering a combined primary endpoint: death and/or ICU admissions. Patients with TCZ (n=20) had a higher Charlson comorbidity index (5.3 [\u00b12.4] vs 3.4 [\u00b12.6], P=0.014), presented with more severe forms (higher level of oxygen therapy at 13L/min vs 6L/min, P<0.001), and had poorer biological findings (severe lymphopenia: 676/mm3 vs 914/mm3, P=0.037 and higher CRP level: 158mg/L vs 105mg/L, P=0.017) than patients without TCZ (n=25). However, death and/or ICU admissions were higher in patients without TCZ than in the TCZ group (72% vs 25%, P=0.002). Despite the small sample size and retrospective nature of the work, this result strongly suggests that TCZ may reduce the number of ICU admissions and/or mortality in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32215535, "title": "Immediate Health Surveillance Response to COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Croda, Julio Henrique Rosa", "Garcia, Leila Posenato"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215535", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201125, "pmcid": "PMC7102601", "title": "Novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wu, Na", "Zhang, Yi", "Yu, Yong-Sheng"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201125", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502116, "title": "Hunting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (2019 novel coronavirus): From laboratory testing back to basic research.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Yang, De-Ming", "Chang, Tai-Jay", "Wang, Mong-Lien", "Tsai, Ping-Hsing", "Lin, Ta-Hsien", "Wang, Chin-Tien", "Liang, Kung-Hao"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502116", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in many countries causes citizens of daily inconvenience and even life-threat for elderly population. The invasion of the main pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; 2019 novel coronavirus [2019-nCoV]), into human body causes different levels of impact to various patients. One of the most important issues for COVID-19 is how to defend this virus with the ability to foresee the infected targets. Thus, we maintain the quarantined essentially as for as others saved from COVID-19. So far, the routine laboratory test to confirm whether infected by SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV or not is through real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR; quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qPCR]) with certain sequence regions that recognize SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV RNA genome. The heavy loading of rRT-PCR (qPCR) machine and handling labor have tight-packed the instruments as well as the manpower almost in every country. Therefore, the alternative approaches are eagerly waiting to be developed. In this review article, we sort out some state-of-the-art novel approaches that might be applied for a fast, sensitive, and precise detection of SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV not only to help the routine laboratory testing but also to improve effective quarantine."}, {"pmid": 32282956, "pmcid": "PMC7262334", "title": "Rapid and severe Covid-19 pneumonia with severe acute chest syndrome in a sickle cell patient successfully treated with tocilizumab.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["De Luna, Gonzalo", "Habibi, Anoosha", "Deux, Jean-Francois", "Colard, Martin", "Pham Hung d'Alexandry d'Orengiani, Anne-Laure", "Schlemmer, Frederic", "Joher, Nizar", "Kassasseya, Christian", "Pawlotsky, Jean Michel", "Ourghanlian, Clement", "Michel, Marc", "Mekontso-Dessap, Armand", "Bartolucci, Pablo"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282956", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425009, "pmcid": "PMC7210101", "title": "Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in a COVID-19 patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after lung transplantation: a case report.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Xuan, Tian-Ming", "Wang, Xing-Xiang", "Pu, Xiang-Yuan", "Han, Wei-Li", "Guo, Xiao-Gang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425009", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present an unusual case of a patient with bilateral-lung transplantation due to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), who subsequently suffered complications with acute myocardial infarction and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)."}, {"pmid": 32401348, "title": "Maternal health and non-communicable disease prevention: An investment case for the post COVID-19 world and need for better health economic data.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Kapur, Anil", "Hod, Moshe"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401348", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An integrated approach to population health, disease surveillance, and preventive care will dominate the health agenda in the post COVID-19 world. Because of their huge burden and the vulnerability imposed during a health crisis, prevention and care of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) will need to be prioritized even further. Maternal and child health are inextricably linked with NCDs and their risk factors. The intergenerational impact of poor maternal nutrition and health conditions during pregnancy, particularly NCD-related pregnancy complications, can be considered as a multiplier of the ongoing pandemic of NCDs. The economic cost of poor maternal health and NCD-related pregnancy complications is likely very high, but is not adequately researched or documented in the context of long-term population health. Interventions to address NCDs in pregnancy have beneficial effects on short-term pregnancy outcomes; but even more importantly, identifying \"at-risk\" mothers and offspring opens up the opportunity for targeted early preventive action. Preventive actions to address obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases have a common lifestyle approach-identifying any one of these problems in pregnancy provides an opportunity to address them all. Cost-benefit analyses that only focus on the short-term and on one condition do not capture the full value of downstream, long-term benefits for population health. This requires urgent attention from FIGO."}, {"pmid": 32514696, "title": "Intentional Hydroxychloroquine Overdose Treated with High-Dose Diazepam: an Increasing Concern in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Toxicol", "authors": ["Chai, Peter R", "Ferro, E G", "Kirshenbaum, J M", "Hayes, B D", "Culbreth, S E", "Boyer, E W", "Erickson, T B"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514696", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent attention on the possible use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine to treat COVID-19 disease has potentially triggered a number of overdoses from hydroxychloroquine. Toxicity from hydroxychloroquine manifests with cardiac conduction abnormalities, seizure activity, and muscle weakness. Recognizing this toxidrome and unique management of this toxicity is important in the COVID-19 pandemic. A 27-year-old man with a history of rheumatoid arthritis presented to the emergency department 7\u00a0hours after an intentional overdose of hydroxychloroquine. Initial presentation demonstrated proximal muscle weakness. The patient was found to have a QRS complex of 134\u00a0ms and QTc of 710\u00a0ms. He was treated with early orotracheal intubation and intravenous diazepam boluses. Due to difficulties formulating continuous diazepam infusions, we opted to utilize an intermitted intravenous bolus strategy that achieved similar effects that a continuous infusion would. The patient recovered without residual side effects. Hydroxychloroquine toxicity is rare but projected to increase in frequency given its selection as a potential modality to treat COVID-19 disease. It is important for clinicians to recognize the unique effects of hydroxychloroquine poisoning and initiate appropriate emergency maneuvers to improve the outcomes in these patients."}, {"pmid": 32303022, "title": "COVID-19 Crisis as a Collective Hero's Journey to Better Public and Global Mental Health.", "journal": "Psychiatr Danub", "authors": ["Jakovljevic, Miro"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303022", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393147, "title": "Otolaryngology Community Operating With Collaboration and Productive Resolve During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Denneny, James C 3rd"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393147", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the wake of the tremendous fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic that was mostly negative, I find great optimism and encouragement from the ability of society at all levels to focus on a common problem with a collaborative and productive resolve to address this millennial event. The rapid response was made possible by marshaling the resources available from many sources, not the least of which was the medical association community. It has been particularly gratifying to work hand-in-hand with our specialty societies within and outside the otolaryngology family to produce educational and scientific information that is consistent and that has and will continue to affect policy favorably. The groups that enable these inspirational collaborative accomplishments through their dedication, innovation, and imagination are the practicing physicians who have given freely and generously of their time and talents to help the whole health care community provide the most up-to-date care possible."}, {"pmid": 32507333, "title": "Tracheal introducers and airway trauma COVID-19. [Br J Anaesth] (2020) [Epub ahead of print].", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Sorbello, Massimiliano", "Hodzovic, Iljaz", "Cusumano, Giacomo", "Frova, Giulio"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507333", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303502, "title": "Covid-19: state governors assert control over US response as Trump struggles for a role.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303502", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145275, "pmcid": "PMC7094472", "title": "Procalcitonin in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A meta-analysis.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145275", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398307, "pmcid": "PMC7236821", "title": "Distinct features of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA response in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Yu, Hai-Qiong", "Sun, Bao-Qing", "Fang, Zhang-Fu", "Zhao, Jin-Cun", "Liu, Xiao-Yu", "Li, Yi-Min", "Sun, Xi-Zhuo", "Liang, Hong-Feng", "Zhong, Bei", "Huang, Zhi-Feng", "Zheng, Pei-Yan", "Tian, Li-Feng", "Qu, Hui-Qi", "Liu, De-Chen", "Wang, Er-Yi", "Xiao, Xiao-Jun", "Li, Shi-Yue", "Ye, Feng", "Guan, Li", "Hu, Dong-Sheng", "Hakonarson, Hakon", "Liu, Zhi-Gang", "Zhong, Nan-Shan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398307", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240484, "pmcid": "PMC7113541", "title": "Providing pharmacy services at cabin hospitals at the coronavirus epicenter in China.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharm", "authors": ["Meng, Long", "Qiu, Feng", "Sun, Shusen"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240484", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the Chinese coronavirus epicenter, Wuhan, 16 cabin hospitals were built to admit patients with confirmed coronavirus infection (COVID-19). These cabin hospitals serve the role of effectively quarantine and treat mild cases of patients infected with COVID-19. Each cabin hospital has pharmacists to provide services and pharmaceutical care to patients. Pharmacists also provide assistance to cabin hospitals through remote internet platforms across China. In this commentary, we describe pharmacy services at cabin hospitals to share our experiences with the international pharmacy community."}, {"pmid": 32283580, "title": "Stability and Viability of SARS-CoV-2. Reply.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Judson, Seth D", "van Doremalen, Neeltje", "Munster, Vincent J"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283580", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302225, "title": "Telemedicine in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications in Facial Plastic Surgery.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Shokri, Tom", "Lighthall, Jessyka G"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432681, "title": "Nasal ACE2 Levels and COVID-19 in Children.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Patel, Ankit B", "Verma, Ashish"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432681", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447002, "pmcid": "PMC7241367", "title": "COVID-19: Results of a national survey of United Kingdom healthcare professionals' perceptions of current management strategy - A cross-sectional questionnaire study.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih", "Chaudhuri, Arindam"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447002", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has caused a global healthcare crisis with increasing number of people getting infected and dying each day. Different countries have tried to control its spread by applying the basic principles of social distancing and testing. Healthcare professionals have been the frontline workers globally with different opinions regarding the preparation and management of this pandemic. We aim to get the opinion of healthcare professionals in United Kingdom regarding their perceptions of preparedness in their workplace and general views of current pandemic management strategy. A questionnaire survey, drafted using Google Forms, was distributed among healthcare professionals working in the National Health Service (NHS) across the United Kingdom. The study was kept open for the first 2 weeks of April 2020. A total of 1007 responses were obtained with majority of the responses from England (n\u00a0=\u00a0850, 84.40%). There were 670 (66.53%) responses from doctors and 204 (20.26%) from nurses. Most of the respondents (95.23%) had direct patient contact in day to day activity. Only one third of the respondents agreed that they felt supported at their trust and half of the respondents reported that adequate training was provided to the frontline staff. Two-thirds of the respondents were of the view that there was not enough Personal Protective Equipment available while 80% thought that this pandemic has improved their hand washing practice. Most of the respondents were in the favour of an earlier lockdown (90%) and testing all the NHS frontline staff (94%). Despite current efforts, it would seem this is not translating to a sense of security amongst the UK NHS workforce in terms of how they feel trained and protected. It is vital that healthcare professionals have adequate support and protection at their workplace and that these aspects be actively monitored."}, {"pmid": 32516144, "title": "Low-cost Double Protective Barrier for Intubating Patients amid COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Marquez-GdeV, Javier A", "Lopez Bascope, Alberto", "Valanci-Aroesty, Sofia"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516144", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520792, "title": "Community-based Cancer Care Quality and Expertise in a COVID-19 Era and Beyond.", "journal": "Am J Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Garg, Amit K"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279934, "pmcid": "PMC7146651", "title": "Anesthesia Management and Perioperative Infection Control in Patients With the Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Li, Weixia", "Huang, Jiapeng", "Guo, Xiangyang", "Zhao, Jing", "Mandell, M Susan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279934", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Anesthesiologists have a high risk of infection with COVID-19 during perioperative care and as first responders to airway emergencies. The potential of becoming infected can be reduced by a systematic and integrated approach that assesses infection risk. The latter leads to an acceptable choice of materials and techniques for personal protection and prevention of cross-contamination to other patients and staff. The authors have presented a protocolized approach that uses diagnostic criteria to clearly define benchmarks from the medical history along with clinical symptoms and laboratory tests. Patients can then be rapidly assigned into 1 of 3 risk categories that direct the choice of protective materials and/or techniques. Each hospital can adapt this approach to develop a system that fits its individual resources. Educating medical staff about the proper use of high-risk areas for containment serves to protect staff and patients."}, {"pmid": 32389141, "pmcid": "PMC7251283", "title": "Providing quality end-of-life care to older people in the era of COVID-19: perspectives from five countries.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Lapid, Maria I", "Koopmans, Raymond", "Sampson, Elizabeth L", "Van den Block, Lieve", "Peisah, Carmelle"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342880, "pmcid": "PMC7194744", "title": "Prevention and control measure to avoid cross infection during radiotherapy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Zhang, Li", "Zheng, Zuan", "Hu, Guangyuan", "Yuan, Xianglin"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342880", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328954, "pmcid": "PMC7180681", "title": "Clinical Pathway for Early Diagnosis of COVID-19: Updates from Experience to Evidence-Based Practice.", "journal": "Clin Rev Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Xu, Guogang", "Yang, Yongshi", "Du, Yingzhen", "Peng, Fujun", "Hu, Peng", "Wang, Runsheng", "Yin, Ming", "Li, Tianzhi", "Tu, Lei", "Sun, Jinlyu", "Jiang, Taijiao", "Chang, Christopher"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328954", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a significant global event in the history of infectious diseases. The SARS-CoV-2 appears to have originated from bats but is now easily transmissible among humans, primarily through droplet or direct contact. Clinical features of COVID-19 include high fever, cough, and fatigue which may progress to ARDS. Respiratory failure can occur rapidly after this. The primary laboratory findings include lymphopenia and eosinopenia. Elevated D-dimer, procalcitonin, and CRP levels may correlate with disease severity. Imaging findings include ground-glass opacities and patchy consolidation on CT scan. Mortality is higher in patients with hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and COPD. Elderly patients are more susceptible to severe disease and death, while children seem to have lower rates of infection and lower mortality. Diagnostic criteria and the identification of persons under investigation have evolved as more data has emerged. However, the approach to diagnosis is still very variable from region to region, country to country, and even among different hospitals in the same city. The importance of a clinical pathway to implement the most effective and relevant diagnostic strategy is of critical importance to establish the control of this virus that is responsible for more and more deaths each day."}, {"pmid": 32343428, "pmcid": "PMC7267134", "title": "Three Taiwan's domestic family cluster infections of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Shih-Feng", "Kuo, Nai-Ying", "Kuo, Ho-Chang"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343428", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in Taiwan 2020.01.21. Several family cluster infections were found later. This study aimed to report family cluster infections and observe subsequent development. We collected domestic family cluster infections among COVID-19 confirmed cases from 21 January 2020 to 16 March 2020. There were three domestic family clusters infections in this period. The first cluster was cases 19 to 23. The infectious source was a Taiwanese passenger from Zhejiang. The second cluster was cases 24 to 26 and the third cluster was cases 27 to 32. The infectious sources of the latter clusters are currently uncertain. All contacts of three clusters have been isolated and no new confirmed cases have been identified to date. Some measures which have reduced the spread of these three clusters included: First, high suspicion of COVID-19 for unexplained pneumonia is very important for early detection. Second, immediate epidemic investigation is taken especially COVID-19 is infectious during the incubation period. Third, when the second and third clusters could not find infectious sources, CECC's press conference let the public know immediately the epidemic situation, so that people could raise their awareness and seek medical treatment or quarantine."}, {"pmid": 32497295, "title": "Comment on \"Genetic variants and source of introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in South America\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Romero, Pedro E"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497295", "countries": ["Colombia", "Peru", "Brazil", "Chile", "Argentina", "Ecuador"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I read with great interest a recent study by Poterico and Mestanza1 who described mutations in 30 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from South American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32527710, "title": "[Repurposing the PICU for caring critically ill adult patients during the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Vazquez Martinez, Jose Luis", "Alonso Garcia, Rafael"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527710", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221852, "pmcid": "PMC7101597", "title": "Simulation as a tool for assessing and evolving your current personal protective equipment: lessons learned during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lockhart, Shannon L", "Naidu, Justen J", "Badh, Charanjit S", "Duggan, Laura V"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360773, "pmcid": "PMC7191282", "title": "May drug-related cardiovascular toxicities persist after hospital discharge in COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Kara, Emre", "Inkaya, Ahmet Cagkan", "Demirkan, Kutay"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360773", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294485, "pmcid": "PMC7152876", "title": "Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Li, Xiaochen", "Xu, Shuyun", "Yu, Muqing", "Wang, Ke", "Tao, Yu", "Zhou, Ying", "Shi, Jing", "Zhou, Min", "Wu, Bo", "Yang, Zhenyu", "Zhang, Cong", "Yue, Junqing", "Zhang, Zhiguo", "Renz, Harald", "Liu, Xiansheng", "Xie, Jungang", "Xie, Min", "Zhao, Jianping"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294485", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak occurred in Wuhan. Data on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 are limited. We sought to evaluate the severity on admission, complications, treatment, and outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 admitted to Tongji Hospital from January 26, 2020, to February 5, 2020, were retrospectively enrolled and followed-up until March 3, 2020. Potential risk factors for severe COVID-19 were analyzed by a multivariable binary logistic model. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for survival analysis in severe patients. We identified 269 (49.1%) of 548 patients as severe cases on admission. Older age, underlying hypertension, high cytokine levels (IL-2R, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-\u03b1), and high lactate dehydrogenase level were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 on admission. The prevalence of asthma in patients with COVID-19 was 0.9%, markedly lower than that in the adult population of Wuhan. The estimated mortality was 1.1% in nonsevere patients and 32.5% in severe cases during the average 32 days of follow-up period. Survival analysis revealed that male sex, older age, leukocytosis, high lactate dehydrogenase level, cardiac injury, hyperglycemia, and high-dose corticosteroid use were associated with death in patients with severe COVID-19. Patients with older age, hypertension, and high lactate dehydrogenase level need careful observation and early intervention to prevent the potential development of severe COVID-19. Severe male patients with heart injury, hyperglycemia, and high-dose corticosteroid use may have a high risk of death."}, {"pmid": 32447805, "title": "Is climate change the next pandemic for dermatology? Lessons from COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Patruno, Cataldo", "Nistico, Steven Paul", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Napolitano, Maddalena"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447805", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312491, "pmcid": "PMC7130072", "title": "Medication Shortages During the COVID-19 Crisis: What We Must Do.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Choo, Esther K", "Rajkumar, S Vincent"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312491", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512038, "title": "IgG Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Viral RNA Persistence in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis.", "journal": "Am J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["De Vriese, An S", "Reynders, Marijke"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512038", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482624, "title": "Ethnicity and covid-19: analysis must be inclusive and transparent.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Papineni, Padmasayee", "Harrison, Tiffanie", "Mutuyimana, Juliette"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482624", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474523, "title": "CSCO ablation expert workshop report: Recommendations for the management of tumor ablation during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic.", "journal": "J Cancer Res Ther", "authors": ["Shen, Yehua", "Cheng, Chien-Shan", "Wang, Peng", "Zhu, Xu", "Lei, Guangyan", "Fang, Yong", "Li, Hailiang", "Fan, Weijun", "Pan, Hongming", "Tang, Zhe", "Ma, Kuansheng", "Li, Xiaoguang", "Lin, Zhengyu", "Zhuang, Yiping", "Ye, Xin", "Zhai, Bo", "Han, Yue", "Huang, Jinhua", "Xu, Huixiong", "Zheng, Rongqin", "Chen, Rufu", "Yu, Jie", "Xu, Dong", "Wang, Zhongmin", "Meng, Zhiqiang"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474523", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic since its outbreak in December 2019, which posed a threat to the safety and well-being of people on a global scale. Cancer patients are at high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and their critical morbidity and case fatality rates are high. The ablation expert committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology compiled corresponding expert recommendations. These recommendations summarize the preventive measures and management of tumor ablation treatment in medical institutions, including outpatient clinics, oncology wards, ablation operation room, and postablation follow-ups in accordance with the guidelines and protocols imposed by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and the experience in management and prevention according to various hospitals. This consensus aims to reduce and prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its cross-infection between cancer patients in hospitals and provide regulatory advice and guidelines for medical personnel."}, {"pmid": 32469072, "title": "Role of Military Medical Personnel as Part of the Public Sector During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea: A Personal Experience.", "journal": "Mil Med", "authors": ["Kim, Jeong-Gil"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469072", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32085841, "pmcid": "PMC7129099", "title": "Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Liu, Shuai", "Yang, Lulu", "Zhang, Chenxi", "Xiang, Yu-Tao", "Liu, Zhongchun", "Hu, Shaohua", "Zhang, Bin"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32085841", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237148, "title": "Differences between COVID-19 and suspected then confirmed SARS-CoV-2-negative pneumonia: a retrospective study from a single center.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Xinyi", "Yang, Yi", "Huang, Min", "Liu, Lili", "Zhang, Xianxiang", "Xu, Jing", "Geng, Shaoqing", "Han, Bo", "Xiao, Jiangfeng", "Wan, Yanyun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237148", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019. Tens thousands of people have been infected with the disease. Our aim was to distinguish severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive patients from SARS-CoV-2-negative patients. We retrospectively compared the data of COVID-19 patients with those of suspected and confirmed SARS-CoV-2-negative patients (control patients). There were 78 COVID-19 patients and 26 control patients, whose median ages were significantly different (P\u2009=\u2009.001). The percentage of COVID-19 patients admitting exposure to Wuhan was obviously higher than that of control patients (X2 \u2009=\u200929.130; P\u2009<\u2009.001). Fever and cough appeared more frequently in COVID-19 patients than in the control patients. The routine blood workup parameters of COVID-19 patients did not change much and their mean counts were in the normal range. There were 38.5% of control patients had higher procalcitonin (PCT) levels than 0.5\u2009ng/mL, which was significantly higher than that percentage of COVID-19 patients (X2 \u2009=\u200922.636; P\u2009<\u2009.05), and COVID-19 patients were also more likely to have decreased or normal urea and creatinine levels than control patients (X2 \u2009=\u200924.930, 8.480; P\u2009<\u2009.05).Younger age, exposure to Wuhan, fever, cough, and slight changes in routine blood workup parameters, urea and creatinine were important features discriminating COVID-19 from control patients. Slightly increased, but far less than 0.5\u2009ng/mL, PCT levels also differentiated COVID-19 patients from control patients."}, {"pmid": 32370069, "title": "Alternative Global Health Security Indexes for Risk Analysis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Chang, Chia-Lin", "McAleer, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370069", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the volume of research and discussion on the health, medical, economic, financial, political, and travel advisory aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes the COVID-19 disease, it is essential to enquire if an outbreak of the epidemic might have been anticipated, given the well-documented history of SARS and MERS, among other infectious diseases. If various issues directly related to health security risks could have been predicted accurately, public health and medical contingency plans might have been prepared and activated in advance of an epidemic such as COVID-19. This paper evaluates an important source of health security, the Global Health Security Index (2019), which provided data before the discovery of COVID-19 in December 2019. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate how countries might have been prepared for a global epidemic, or pandemic, and acted accordingly in an effective and timely manner. The GHS index numerical scores are calculated as the arithmetic (AM), geometric (GM), and harmonic (HM) means of six categories, where AM uses equal weights for each category. The GHS Index scores are regressed on the numerical score rankings of the six categories to check if the use of equal weights of 0.167 in the calculation of the GHS Index using AM is justified, with GM and HM providing a check of the robustness of the arithmetic mean. The highest weights are determined to be around 0.244-0.246, while the lowest weights are around 0.186-0.187 for AM. The ordinal GHS Index is regressed on the ordinal rankings of the six categories to check for the optimal weights in the calculation of the ordinal Global Health Security (GHS) Index, where the highest weight is 0.368, while the lowest is 0.142, so the estimated results are wider apart than for the numerical score rankings. Overall, Rapid Response and Detection and Reporting have the largest impacts on the GHS Index score, whereas Risk Environment and Prevention have the smallest effects. The quantitative and qualitative results are different when GM and HM are used."}, {"pmid": 32312477, "pmcid": "PMC7161516", "title": "Elective surgery in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Diaz, Adrian", "Sarac, Benjamin A", "Schoenbrunner, Anna R", "Janis, Jeffrey E", "Pawlik, Timothy M"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312477", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450089, "pmcid": "PMC7242929", "title": "A local response to COVID-19 for advanced liver disease: Current model of care, challenges and opportunities.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Serper, Marina", "Shaked, Abraham", "Olthoff, Kim M", "Hoteit, Maarouf", "Appolo, Brenda", "Reddy, K Rajender"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450089", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529041, "pmcid": "PMC7262569", "title": "Comparisons of Staphylococcus aureus infection and other outcomes between users of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers: lessons for COVID-19 from a nationwide cohort study.", "journal": "Wellcome Open Res", "authors": ["Bidulka, Patrick", "Iwagami, Masao", "Mansfield, Kathryn E", "Kalogirou, Fotini", "Wong, Angel Y S", "Douglas, Ian J", "Smeeth, Liam", "Summers, Charlotte", "Tomlinson, Laurie A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529041", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Mice receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) drugs show increased susceptibility to infection by Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus). We sought to investigate whether humans using ACEI were at increased risk of S. aureus infection, comparing them to users of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB) with multiple control outcomes to assess the potential for residual confounding. Methods: Using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics between 1997 and 2017, we identified adults starting ACEI or ARB (as an active comparator drug). We regarded prescription of ACEI or ARB as time-dependent exposure and used a Cox regression model to compare incidence of first hospitalisation with infection due to S. aureus in periods with ACEI to periods with ARB prescriptions. We repeated the analysis using control outcomes that we did not expect to be associated with use of ACEI versus ARB (Gram-negative sepsis, hip fracture and herpes zoster) and one that we did (dry cough). Results: We identified 445,341 new users of ACEI (mean age 64.0\u00b114.0, male 51.7%) and 41,824 new users of ARB (mean age 64.1\u00b114.0, male 45.5%). The fully adjusted hazard ratio for S. aureus infection (ACEI vs. ARB) was 1.18 (95% CI 1.10-1.27), consistent across sensitivity analyses. However, we also found associations with all control outcomes; rates of Gram-negative sepsis, hip fracture and dry cough were also increased during periods of time treated with ACEI compared to ARB while herpes zoster was more common during time treated with ARB. Conclusions: Our results suggest that although ARB users appear an ideal control for analyses of ACEI effects, there is residual confounding even after multivariable adjustment. This has implications for observational analyses comparing users of these drug classes, in particular the effect of these drugs in relation to COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32496233, "title": "The armed forces medical services response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Banerji, Anup"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496233", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Indian Armed Forces have always responded to the Nation's call and the COVID-19 pandemic response has been no different. On instructions from the Government of India, the Armed Forces Medical Services (AFMS) pitched in right from the initial stages of the epidemic in India as part of a coordinated national response. Be it the execution of medical quarantine for Indian citizens evacuated from China and other COVID affected countries or establishing dedicated and mixed COVID hospitals for its own clientele as well as civilian patients, the AFMS worked in tandem with the national policies. The Armed Forces ensured force preservation and protection of its own troops and families by timely implementation of public health measures, even as it played its designated role in the national strategy. With vision, understanding and clarity, the AFMS continue to lend shoulder to India's response to this global public health challenge."}, {"pmid": 32445213, "pmcid": "PMC7267049", "title": "Current Applications of Artificial Intelligence for COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Jakhar, Deepak", "Kaur, Ishmeet"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445213", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501339, "pmcid": "PMC7255309", "title": "Senegal to trial $1 speedy test for covid-19.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Yeung, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501339", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358954, "pmcid": "PMC7197596", "title": "Bacterial and fungal co-infection in individuals with coronavirus: A rapid review to support COVID-19 antimicrobial prescribing.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rawson, Timothy M", "Moore, Luke S P", "Zhu, Nina", "Ranganathan, Nishanthy", "Skolimowska, Keira", "Gilchrist, Mark", "Satta, Giovanni", "Cooke, Graham", "Holmes, Alison"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358954", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore and describe the current literature surrounding bacterial/fungal co-infection in patients with coronavirus infection. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched using broad based search criteria relating to coronavirus and bacterial co-infection. Articles presenting clinical data for patients with coronavirus infection (defined as SARS-1, MERS, SARS-COV-2, and other coronavirus) and bacterial/fungal co-infection reported in English, Mandarin, or Italian were included. Data describing bacterial/fungal co-infections, treatments, and outcomes were extracted. Secondary analysis of studies reporting antimicrobial prescribing in SARS-COV-2 even in the absence of co-infection was performed. 1007 abstracts were identified. Eighteen full texts reported bacterial/fungal co-infection were included. Most studies did not identify or report bacterial/fungal coinfection (85/140;61%). 9/18 (50%) studies reported on COVID-19, 5/18 (28%) SARS-1, 1/18 (6%) MERS, and 3/18 (17%) other coronavirus.For COVID-19, 62/806 (8%) patients were reported as experiencing bacterial/fungal co-infection during hospital admission. Secondary analysis demonstrated wide use of broad-spectrum antibacterials, despite a paucity of evidence for bacterial coinfection. On secondary analysis, 1450/2010 (72%) of patients reported received antimicrobial therapy. No antimicrobial stewardship interventions were described.For non-COVID-19 cases bacterial/fungal co-infection was reported in 89/815 (11%) of patients. Broad-spectrum antibiotic use was reported. Despite frequent prescription of broad-spectrum empirical antimicrobials in patients with coronavirus associated respiratory infections, there is a paucity of data to support the association with respiratory bacterial/fungal co-infection. Generation of prospective evidence to support development of antimicrobial policy and appropriate stewardship interventions specific for the COVID-19 pandemic are urgently required."}, {"pmid": 32372726, "pmcid": "PMC7231659", "title": "One-house one-person testing: Strategical plan to limit COVID-19 spread in stage three in the developing world.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Ali, Sheikh Muhammad Ebad"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372726", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506548, "title": "Teledermatology during COVID 19 pandemic: ethical and legal considerations about the principles of treatment prescription and privacy.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Elmas, Omer Faruk", "Demirbas, Abdullah", "Atasoy, Mustafa", "Tursen, Umit", "Lotti, Torello"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506548", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375002, "pmcid": "PMC7228479", "title": "Deconvoluting Lipid Nanoparticle Structure for Messenger RNA Delivery.", "journal": "Nano Lett", "authors": ["Eygeris, Yulia", "Patel, Siddharth", "Jozic, Antony", "Sahay, Gaurav"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375002", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) packaged mRNA vaccines have been deployed against infectious diseases such as COVID-19, yet their structural features remain unclear. Cholesterol, a major constituent within LNPs, contributes to their morphology that influences gene delivery. Herein, we examine the structure of LNPs containing cholesterol derivatives using electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and membrane fluidity assays. LNPs formulated with C24 alkyl derivatives of cholesterol show a polymorphic shape and various degrees of multilamellarity and lipid partitioning, likely due to phase separation. The addition of methyl and ethyl groups to the C24 alkyl tail of the cholesterol backbone induces multilamellarity (>50% increase compared to cholesterol), while the addition of a double bond induces lipid partitioning (>90% increase compared to cholesterol). LNPs with multilamellar and faceted structures, as well as a lamellar lipid phase, showed higher gene transfection. Unraveling the structure of mRNA-LNPs can enable their rational design toward enhanced gene delivery."}, {"pmid": 32259394, "pmcid": "PMC7207154", "title": "COVID-19, chronicle of an expected pandemic.", "journal": "EMBO Mol Med", "authors": ["Sansonetti, Philippe J"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259394", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "What is COVID-19? What are the causes, parameters, and effects of this disease? What are the short- and long-term prospects? Philippe Sansonetti, Infectious disease specialist and Chief Editor of EMBO Molecular Medicine, explains why the fate of the epidemic is in our hands."}, {"pmid": 32505993, "title": "Tracheostomy in the intensive care unit: Guidelines during COVID-19 worldwide pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Smith, David", "Montagne, Juan", "Raices, Micaela", "Dietrich, Agustin", "Bisso, Indalecio Carboni", "Las Heras, Marcos", "San Roman, Juan E", "Garcia Fornari, Gustavo", "Figari, Marcelo"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505993", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become a pandemic with significant consequences worldwide. About 3.2% of patients with COVID-19 will require intubation and invasive ventilation. Moreover, there will be an increase in the number of critically ill patients, hospitalized and intubated due to unrelated acute pathology, who will present underlying asymptomatic or mild forms of COVID-19. Tracheostomy is one of the procedures associated with an increased production of aerosols and higher risk of transmission of the virus to the health personnel. The aim of this paper is to describe indications and recommended technique of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients, emphasizing the safety of the patient but also the medical team involved. A multidisciplinary group made up of surgeons with privileges to perform tracheostomies, intensive care physicians, infectious diseases specialists and intensive pulmonologists was created to update previous knowledge on performing a tracheostomy in critically ill adult patients (>18\u00a0years) amidst the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a high-volume referral center. Published evidence was collected using a systematic search and review of published studies. A guideline comprising indications, surgical technique, ventilator settings, personal protective equipment and timing of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients was developed. A safe approach to performing percutaneous dilational bedside tracheostomy with bronchoscopic guidance is feasible in COVID-19 patients of appropriate security measures are taken and a strict protocol is followed. Instruction of all the health care personnel involves is key to ensure their safety and the patient's favorable recovery."}, {"pmid": 32528613, "pmcid": "PMC7266479", "title": "Public trust in the time of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): the case of the DR Congo.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Whembolua, Guy-Lucien", "Tshiswaka, Daudet Ilunga"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528613", "countries": ["Congo"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over the past half century, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a low-income and post-conflict country, has experienced several Ebola Virus Disease outbreaks, with different fatality rates. The DRC is currently experiencing the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Using the PEN-3 cultural model, we assessed the socio-cultural factors affecting public trust in the government and its health agencies. Results of this analysis revealed the perceptions, enablers, and nurturers that impacted public trust in the government and its health agencies among the Congolese population. Future interventions designed to address the COVID-19 in the DRC should account for these socio-cultural factors."}, {"pmid": 32392184, "title": "Clinical trials for COVID-19 should include sex as a variable.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Bischof, Evelyne", "Wolfe, Jeannette", "Klein, Sabra L"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392184", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458212, "pmcid": "PMC7250261", "title": "Patients with chronic kidney disease have a poorer prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): an experience in New York City.", "journal": "Int Urol Nephrol", "authors": ["Yamada, Takayuki", "Mikami, Takahisa", "Chopra, Nitin", "Miyashita, Hirotaka", "Chernyavsky, Svetlana", "Miyashita, Satoshi"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458212", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516279, "title": "Universal Testing for COVID-19 in Essential Orthopaedic Surgery Reveals a High Percentage of Asymptomatic Infections.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Gruskay, Jordan A", "Dvorzhinskiy, Aleksey", "Konnaris, Maxwell A", "LeBrun, Drake G", "Ghahramani, Gregory C", "Premkumar, Ajay", "DeFrancesco, Christopher J", "Mendias, Christopher L", "Ricci, William M"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516279", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The long incubation period and asymptomatic spread of COVID-19 present considerable challenges for health-care institutions. The identification of infected individuals is vital to prevent the spread of illness to staff and other patients as well as to identify those who may be at risk for disease-related complications. This is particularly relevant with the resumption of elective orthopaedic surgery around the world. We report the results of a universal testing protocol for COVID-19 in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery during the coronavirus pandemic and to describe the postoperative course of asymptomatic patients who were positive for COVID-19. A retrospective review of adult operative cases between March 25, 2020, and April 24, 2020, at an orthopaedic specialty hospital in New York City was performed. Initially, a screening questionnaire consisting of relevant signs and symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, shortness of breath) or exposure dictated the need for nasopharyngeal swab real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for all admitted patients. An institutional policy change occurred on April 5, 2020, that indicated nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR testing for all orthopaedic admissions. Screening and testing data for COVID-19 as well as relevant imaging, laboratory values, and postoperative complications were reviewed for all patients. From April 5, 2020, to April 24, 2020, 99 patients underwent routine nasopharyngeal swab testing for COVID-19 prior to their planned orthopaedic surgical procedure. Of the 12.1% of patients who tested positive for COVID-19, 58.3% were asymptomatic. Three asymptomatic patients developed postoperative hypoxia, with 2 requiring intubation. The negative predictive value of using the signs and symptoms of disease to predict a negative test result was 91.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81.0% to 97.1%). Including a positive chest radiographic finding as a screening criterion did not improve the negative predictive value of screening (92.5% [95% CI, 81.8% to 97.9%]). A protocol for universal testing of all orthopaedic surgery admissions at 1 hospital in New York City during a 3-week period revealed a high rate of COVID-19 infections. Importantly, the majority of these patients were asymptomatic. Using chest radiography did not significantly improve the negative predictive value of screening. These results have important implications as hospitals anticipate the resumption of elective surgical procedures. Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32395064, "pmcid": "PMC7212248", "title": "To Do or Not to Do?-A Review of Cancer Surgery Triage Guidelines in COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Shinde, Rajesh S", "Naik, Mekhala D", "Shinde, Shital R", "Bhandare, Manish S", "Chaudhari, Vikram A", "Shrikhande, Shailesh V", "Dcruz, Anil K"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395064", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a global health emergency involving more than 200 countries so far. The number of affected population is on rising, so is the mortality. This crisis has overwhelmed the healthcare infrastructures in many affected countries. Due to overall rising cancer incidence and specific concerns, a cohort of cancer patients forms a distinct subset of the population in whom a correct and timely treatment has a huge impact on the outcome. During this period, oncology care is definitely affected owing to many factors like lockdowns, reduced beds and deferral of elective cases to halt the spread of the pandemic. Surgery remains the best line of defence in many solid organ tumours especially in early stage and is potentially curative. China, the source of this pandemic, has taken more than 3\u00a0months to enter the post transitional phase of this pandemic. Deferring cancer surgeries for this long period may have a direct impact on the long-term outcomes of cancer patients. Many surgical oncology associations across the globe have come up with triage guidelines for surgical care of cancer patients; however, these are based on expert opinion rather than actual data. Herein, we intend to review these guidelines with respect to the risk of disease progression in cancer patients. In the absence of actual data on cancer surgery care during this pandemic, clinical decisions should be based on careful consideration of disease-related and patient-related factors. While some of the cancer surgeries can be safely delayed for some time, how long we can delay surgeries safely cannot be answered/ explained by any means. Thorough evaluation and discussion by an expert and experienced multidisciplinary team appears to be the most effective way forward."}, {"pmid": 32297985, "pmcid": "PMC7262102", "title": "Evaluation of antiviral therapies for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Shi, Xiudong", "Lu, Yang", "Li, Rong", "Tang, Yanlin", "Shi, Nannan", "Song, Fengxiang", "Shan, Fei", "Chen, Guochao", "Song, Pengrui", "Shi, Yuxin"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297985", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of our study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of antiviral drugs on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Patients confirmed with COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled and divided into seven groups according to the treatment option. Information including age, sex, and duration from illness onset to admission, clinical manifestations, and laboratory data at admission, and length of hospital stay were evaluated. The chest computed tomography (CT) imaging obtained at admission and after a 5-day treatment cycle were assessed. The clinical symptoms and laboratory tests at discharge were also assessed. At admission, no significant differences were found among the groups, including the duration from illness onset to admission, clinical symptoms, and main laboratory results. No significant differences were found among the groups in terms of the proportion of patients with pneumonia resolution (P\u2009=\u2009.151) after treatment or the length of hospital stay (P\u2009=\u2009.116). At discharge, 7 of 184 (4%) patients had a mild cough while their other symptoms had disappeared, and the proportion of patients with abnormal liver function and with increased leukocytes, neutrophils or erythrocyte sedimentation rate among the 184 patients were close to those at admission. According to the results, the inclusion of antiviral drugs in therapeutic regimens based on symptomatic treatment had no significant additional impact on the improvement in COVID-19 patients. In addition, the results of chest CT imaging, clinical manifestations, and laboratory tests at discharge were not completely consistent."}, {"pmid": 32398246, "pmcid": "PMC7246096", "title": "Flattening the curve in COVID-19 using personalised protective equipment: lessons from air pollution.", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Rajagopaian, Sanjay", "Huang, Sui", "Brook, Robert D"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398246", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221725, "pmcid": "PMC7100410", "title": "Brief report of the first cured 2019-nCoV pneumonia patient in West China Hospital.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, En-Qiang", "Wang, Li-Chun", "Tang, Guang-Min", "Yang, Yao", "Wang, Min-Jin", "Deng, Rong", "Chen, Fang", "Wang, Meng-Lan", "Tao, Ya-Chao", "Feng, Ping", "Tang, Hong"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221725", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32086236, "title": "Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The importance of recognising possible early ocular manifestation and using protective eyewear.", "journal": "Br J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Li, Ji-Peng Olivia", "Lam, Dennis Shun Chiu", "Chen, Youxin", "Ting, Daniel Shu Wei"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32086236", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425285, "pmcid": "PMC7231491", "title": "Retrospective Analysis of Smell and Taste Disturbances Associated with Dermatological Medications Reported to the United States Food and Drug Administration and Relevance to COVID-19 Infections.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Wang, Yu", "Lipner, Shari R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425285", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502247, "title": "Inverse association between chronic hepatitis B infection and COVID-19: immune-exhaustion or coincidence?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Anugwom, Chimaobi M", "Aby, Elizabeth S", "Debes, Jose D"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502247", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350908, "pmcid": "PMC7267360", "title": "Teaching anatomy at the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Anat", "authors": ["Saverino, Daniele"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350908", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273447, "title": "NAS letter suggests 'normal breathing' can expel coronavirus.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Service, Robert F"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273447", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450309, "pmcid": "PMC7243783", "title": "Telemedicine for Outpatient Neurosurgical Oncology Care: Lessons Learned for the Future During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Daggubati, Lekhaj C", "Eichberg, Daniel G", "Ivan, Michael E", "Hanft, Simon", "Mansouri, Alireza", "Komotar, Ricardo J", "D'Amico, Randy S", "Zacharia, Brad E"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2019 (COVD-19) pandemic has drastically disrupted the delivery of neurosurgical care, especially for the already at-risk neuro-oncology population. The sudden change to clinic visits has rapidly spurned the implementation of telemedicine. A recommendation care paradigm of neuro-oncologic patients limited by telemedicine has not been reported. A summary of a multi-institution experience detailing the potential benefits, pitfalls, and the necessary considerations to outpatient care of neurosurgical oncology patients. There are limitations and advantages to incorporating telemedicine into the outpatient care of neuro-oncology patients. Telemedicine-specific considerations for each step and stakeholder of the appointment (physician, patient, scheduling, previsit, imaging, and physical examination) are examined. Telemedicine, pushed to prominence during this COVID-19 pandemic, is a powerful and possibly preferential tool for the future of outpatient neuro-oncologic care."}, {"pmid": 32378373, "pmcid": "PMC7230425", "title": "A publishing pandemic during the COVID-19 pandemic: how challenging can it become?", "journal": "Croat Med J", "authors": ["Skoric, Lea", "Glasnovic, Anton", "Petrak, Jelka"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378373", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409466, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on academic mothers.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Staniscuaski, Fernanda", "Reichert, Fernanda", "Werneck, Fernanda P", "de Oliveira, Leticia", "Mello-Carpes, Pamela B", "Soletti, Rossana C", "Almeida, Camila Infanger", "Zandona, Eugenia", "Ricachenevsky, Felipe Klein", "Neumann, Adriana", "Schwartz, Ida Vanessa D", "Tamajusuku, Alessandra Sayuri Kikuchi", "Seixas, Adriana", "Kmetzsch, Livia"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409466", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196983, "title": "Navigating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) in Physiatry: A CAN Report for Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities.", "journal": "PM R", "authors": ["McNeary, Lennox", "Maltser, Susan", "Verduzco-Gutierrez, Monica"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196983", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233560, "title": "COVID-19 information propagation dynamics in the Chinese Sina-microblog.", "journal": "Math Biosci Eng", "authors": ["Yin, Fu Lian", "Lv, Jia Hui", "Zhang, Xiao Jian", "Xia, Xin Yu", "Wu, Jian Hong"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233560", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) generated an outbreak of public opinions in the Chinese Sina-microblog. To help in designing effective communication strategies during a major public health emergency, we propose a multiple-information susceptible-discussing-immune (M-SDI) model in order to understand the patterns of key information propagation on social networks. We develop the M-SDI model, based on the public discussion quantity and take into account of the behavior that users may re-enter another related topic or Weibo after discussing one. Data fitting using the real data of COVID-19 public opinion obtained from Chinese Sina-microblog can parameterize the model to make accurate prediction of the public opinion trend until the next major news item occurs. The reproduction ratio has fallen from 1.7769 and maintained around 0.97, which reflects the peak of public opinion has passed but it will continue for a period of time."}, {"pmid": 32534320, "title": "Spatial analysis and GIS in the study of COVID-19. A review.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Franch-Pardo, Ivan", "Napoletano, Brian M", "Rosete-Verges, Fernando", "Billa, Lawal"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534320", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study entailed a review of 63 scientific articles on geospatial and spatial-statistical analysis of the geographical dimension of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The diversity of themes identified in this paper can be grouped into the following categories of disease mapping: spatiotemporal analysis, health and social geography, environmental variables, data mining, and web-based mapping. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of COVID-19 is essential for its mitigation, as it helps to clarify the extent and impact of the pandemic and can aid decision making, planning and community action. Health geography highlights the interaction of public health officials, affected actors and first responders to improve estimations of disease propagation and likelihoods of new outbreaks. Attempts at interdisciplinary correlation examine health policy interventions for the siting of health/sanitary services and controls, mapping/tracking of human movement, formulation of appropriate scientific and political responses and projection of spatial diffusion and temporal trends. This review concludes that, to fight COVID-19, it is important to face the challenges from an interdisciplinary perspective, with proactive planning, international solidarity and a global perspective. This review provides useful information and insight that can support future bibliographic queries, and also serves as a resource for understanding the evolution of tools used in the management of this major global pandemic of the 21 Century. It is hoped that its findings will inspire new reflections on the COVID-19 pandemic by readers."}, {"pmid": 32488448, "pmcid": "PMC7266121", "title": "Enhancing safety of laparoscopic surgery in COVID-19 era: clinical experience with low-cost filtration devices.", "journal": "Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Zago, Mauro", "Uranues, Selman", "Chiarelli, Marco Enoc", "Grandi, Samuele", "Fumagalli, Luca Andrea", "Tavola, Mario", "Chiarugi, Massimo", "Mariani, Diego", "Wienerroither, Valerie", "Kurihara, Hayato", "Fingerhut, Abe"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488448", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Surgery in the era of the current COVID-19 pandemic has been curtailed and restricted to emergency and certain oncological indications, and requires special attention concerning the safety of patients and health care personnel. Desufflation during or after laparoscopic surgery has been reported to entail a potential risk of contamination from 2019-nCoV through the aerosol generated during dissection and/or use of energy-driven devices. In order to protect the operating room staff, it is vital to filter the released aerosol. The assemblage of two easily available and low-cost filter systems to prevent potential dissemination of Coronavirus via the aerosol is described. Forty-nine patients underwent laparoscopic surgeries with the use of one of the two described tools, both of which proved to be effective in smoke evacuation, without affecting laparoscopic visualization. The proposed systems are cost-effective, easily assembled and reproducible, and provide complete viral filtration during intra- and postoperative release of CO2."}, {"pmid": 32412535, "pmcid": "PMC7220582", "title": "COVID-19: fight or flight.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Gunther, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388417, "pmcid": "PMC7194577", "title": "Role of electronic media in mitigating the psychological impacts of novel coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Bilal", "Latif, Faiza", "Bashir, Muhammad Farhan", "Komal, Bushra", "Tan, Duojiao"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388417", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current research initiative focuses on the role of Pakistani media in eliminating panic and depression among health practitioners and the general public due to the outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19). In Pakistan, electronic media is the most common source of information due to the higher rural population and the lower literacy rate and media's handling of COVID-19 coverage so far creates panic and depression. We suggest that special televised transmissions featuring psychologists and physiatrists should be aired to reduce the panic. Media also mitigates the stress of frontline medical staff by paying special attributes to them."}, {"pmid": 32439211, "pmcid": "PMC7211674", "title": "Immune checkpoint inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2 infected cancer patients: the spark that ignites the fire?", "journal": "Lung Cancer", "authors": ["Di Noia, Vincenzo", "D'Aveni, Alessandro", "Squadroni, Michela", "Beretta, Giordano Domenico", "Ceresoli, Giovanni Luca"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439211", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282992, "pmcid": "PMC7262060", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: Utilizing an ethical framework for rationing absolutely scarce health-care resources in transplant allocation decisions.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Wall, Anji E", "Pruett, Timothy", "Stock, Peter", "Testa, Giuliano"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282992", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is impacting transplant programs around the world, and, as the center of the pandemic shifts to the United States, we have to prepare to make decisions about which patients to transplant during times of constrained resources. In this paper, we discuss how to transition from the traditional justice vs utility consideration in organ allocation to a more nuanced allocation scheme based on ethical values that drive decisions in times of absolute scarcity. We recognize that many decisions are made based on the practical limitations that transplant programs face, especially at the extremes. As programs make the transition from a standard approach to a resource-constrained approach to transplantation, we utilize a framework for ethical decisions in settings of absolutely scarce resources to help guide programs in deciding which patients to transplant, which donors to accept, how to minimize risk, and how to ensure the best utilization of transplant team members."}, {"pmid": 32268639, "title": "[Health protection guideline of hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268639", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This guideline stipulates the health protection requirements for hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts during COVID-19 outbreak, including requirements for hotels, personal health protection, and management. It is applicable to hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts, such as general hotels, conference center, sanitariums, etc."}, {"pmid": 32418885, "pmcid": "PMC7207125", "title": "Commentary: Could iron chelators prove to be useful as an adjunct to COVID-19 Treatment Regimens?", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Dalamaga, Maria", "Karampela, Irene", "Mantzoros, Christos S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418885", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant threat to global health. Currently, no specific prophylactic and therapeutic treatment is available. No evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that a treatment may ameliorate the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19 exists with the only exception of preliminary evidence from remdesivir trials. Here, we present evidence from the literature and a compelling hypothesis on the potential immunomodulatory, iron chelating and anti-oxidant effects of iron chelators in the treatment of COVID-19 and its complications. Interestingly, iron chelation has been shown in vitro to suppress endothelial inflammation in viral infection, which is the main pathophysiologic mechanism behind systemic organ involvement induced by SARS-CoV-2, by inhibiting IL-6 synthesis through decreasing NF-kB. Iron chelators exhibit iron chelating, antiviral and immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo, particularly against RNA viruses. These agents could attenuate ARDS and help control SARS-CoV-2 via multiple mechanisms including: 1) inhibition of viral replication; 2) decrease of iron availability; 3) upregulation of B cells; 4) improvement of the neutralizing anti-viral antibody titer; 5) inhibition of endothelial inflammation and 6) prevention of pulmonary fibrosis and lung decline via reduction of pulmonary iron accumulation. Both retrospective analyses of data in electronic health records, as well as proof of concept studies in humans and large RCTs are needed to fully elucidate the efficacy and safety of iron chelating agents in the therapeutic armamentarium of COVID-19, probably as an adjunctive treatment."}, {"pmid": 32510163, "title": "What does an African ethic of social cohesion entail for social distancing?", "journal": "Dev World Bioeth", "authors": ["Metz, Thaddeus"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510163", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The most prominent strand of moral thought in the African philosophical tradition is relational and cohesive, roughly demanding that we enter into community with each other. Familiar is the view that being a real person means sharing a way of life with others, perhaps even in their fate. What does such a communal ethic prescribe for the coronavirus pandemic? Might it forbid one from social distancing, at least away from intimates? Or would it entail that social distancing is wrong to some degree, although morally permissible on balance? Or could it mean that social distancing is not wrong to any degree and could, under certain circumstances, be the right way to commune? In this article, I defend the latter view. I argue that, given an independently attractive understanding of how to value communal relationship, distancing oneself from others when necessary to protect them from serious incapacitation or harm can come at no cost to right action. However, I also discuss cases in which social distancing would evince a lack of good character, despite being the right thing to do."}, {"pmid": 32255535, "pmcid": "PMC7262197", "title": "ISUOG Safety Committee Position Statement on use of personal protective equipment and hazard mitigation in relation to SARS-CoV-2 for practitioners undertaking obstetric and gynecological ultrasound.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Abramowicz, J S", "Basseal, J M", "Brezinka, C", "Dall'Asta, A", "Deng, J", "Harrison, G", "Lee, J C S", "Lim, A", "Marsal, K", "Miloro, P", "Poon, L C", "Salvesen, K A", "Sande, R", "Ter Haar, G", "Westerway, S C", "Xie, M X", "Lees, C"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441771, "title": "COVID-SAFER: Deprescribing Guidance for Hydroxychloroquine Drug Interactions in Older Adults.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Ross, Sydney B", "Wilson, Marnie Goodwin", "Papillon-Ferland, Louise", "Elsayed, Sarah", "Wu, Peter E", "Battu, Kiran", "Porter, Sandra", "Rashidi, Babak", "Tamblyn, Robyn", "Pilote, Louise", "Downar, James", "Bonnici, Andre", "Huang, Allen", "Lee, Todd C", "McDonald, Emily G"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441771", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes high morbidity and mortality in older adults with chronic illnesses. Several trials are currently underway evaluating the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine as a potential treatment for acute infection. However, polypharmacy predisposes patients to increased risk of drug-drug interactions with hydroxychloroquine and may render many in this population ineligible to participate in trials. We aimed to quantify the degree of polypharmacy and burden of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) that older hospitalized adults are taking which would interact with hydroxychloroquine. We reanalyzed data from the cohort of patients 65\u2009years and older enrolled in the MedSafer pilot study. We first identified patients taking medications with potentially harmful drug-drug interactions with hydroxychloroquine that might exclude them from participation in a typical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) therapeutic trial. Next, we identified medications that were flagged by MedSafer as being potentially inappropriate and crafted guidance around medication management if contemplating the use of hydroxychloroquine. The cohort contained a total of 1,001 unique patients with complete data on their home medications at admission. Of these 1,001 patients, 590 (58.9%) were receiving one or more home medications that could potentially interact with hydroxychloroquine, and of these 255 (43.2%) were flagged as potentially inappropriate by the MedSafer tool. Common classes of PIMs observed were antipsychotics, cardiac medications, and anti-diabetic agents. The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of medication optimization and deprescribing PIMs in older adults. By acting now to reduce polypharmacy and use of PIMs, we can better prepare this vulnerable population for inclusion in trials and, if substantiated, pharmacologic treatment or prevention of COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32501663, "title": "Putting the Public Back in Public Health - Surveying Symptoms of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Chan, Andrew T", "Brownstein, John S"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501663", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502468, "pmcid": "PMC7266571", "title": "Global mental health and COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kola, Lola"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502468", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500642, "title": "Histology of skin lesions establishes that the vesicular rash associated with COVID-19 is not \"varicella-like\".", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Mahe, A", "Birckel, E", "Merklen, C", "Lefebvre, P", "Hannedouche, C", "Jost, M", "Droy-Dupre, L"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500642", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several articles recently reported a \"varicella-like\" rash in patients with COVID-19 [1,2]. We observed similar cases at our institution. However, although we agree that the clinical picture is original, we reject that \"varicella-like\" denomination since clinical presentation, as well as some histologic features that we wish to report here for the first time, make it clearly different from varicella. Three patients with a vesicular rash associated with COVID-19 (RT-PCR test on a nasopharyngeal swab specimen positive for SARS-CoV-2 ARN) were seen at our institution in April, 2020. A biopsy of a vesicle was performed in each. Multiple levels with H&E stain were done; the slides were reviewed independently by two pathologists; only concordant data were validated. A test for SARS-CoV-2 was performed on a vesicle in two patients, and a direct immunofluorescence test on perilesional skin in one."}, {"pmid": 32245874, "title": "Coping with Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Pearson, Caroline"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245874", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442035, "title": "Ventilation Techniques and Risk for Transmission of Coronavirus Disease, Including COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review of Multiple Streams of Evidence.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Schunemann, Holger J", "Khabsa, Joanne", "Solo, Karla", "Khamis, Assem M", "Brignardello-Petersen, Romina", "El-Harakeh, Amena", "Darzi, Andrea", "Hajizadeh, Anisa", "Bognanni, Antonio", "Bak, Anna", "Izcovich, Ariel", "Cuello-Garcia, Carlos A", "Chen, Chen", "Borowiack, Ewa", "Chamseddine, Fatimah", "Schunemann, Finn", "Morgano, Gian Paolo", "Muti-Schunemann, Giovanna E U", "Chen, Guang", "Zhao, Hong", "Neumann, Ignacio", "Brozek, Jan", "Schmidt, Joel", "Hneiny, Layal", "Harrison, Leila", "Reinap, Marge", "Junek, Mats", "Santesso, Nancy", "El-Khoury, Rayane", "Thomas, Rebecca", "Nieuwlaat, Robby", "Stalteri, Rosa", "Yaacoub, Sally", "Lotfi, Tamara", "Baldeh, Tejan", "Piggott, Thomas", "Zhang, Yuan", "Saad, Zahra", "Rochwerg, Bram", "Perri, Dan", "Fan, Eddy", "Stehling, Florian", "Akl, Imad Bou", "Loeb, Mark", "Garner, Paul", "Aston, Stephen", "Alhazzani, Waleed", "Szczeklik, Wojciech", "Chu, Derek K", "Akl, Elie A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442035", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mechanical ventilation is used to treat respiratory failure in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To review multiple streams of evidence regarding the benefits and harms of ventilation techniques for coronavirus infections, including that causing COVID-19. (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020178187). 21 standard, World Health Organization-specific and COVID-19-specific databases, without language restrictions, until 1 May 2020. Studies of any design and language comparing different oxygenation approaches in patients with coronavirus infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), or with hypoxemic respiratory failure. Animal, mechanistic, laboratory, and preclinical evidence was gathered regarding aerosol dispersion of coronavirus. Studies evaluating risk for virus transmission to health care workers from aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) were included. Independent and duplicate screening, data abstraction, and risk of bias assessment (GRADE for certainty of evidence and AMSTAR 2 for included systematic reviews). 123 studies were eligible (45 on COVID-19, 70 on SARS, 8 on MERS), but only 5 studies (1 on COVID-19, 3 on SARS, 1 on MERS) adjusted for important confounders. A study in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 reported slightly higher mortality with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) than with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), but 2 opposing studies, 1 in patients with MERS and 1 in patients with SARS, suggest a reduction in mortality with NIV (very low-certainty evidence). Two studies in patients with SARS report a reduction in mortality with NIV compared with no mechanical ventilation (low-certainty evidence). Two systematic reviews suggest a large reduction in mortality with NIV compared with conventional oxygen therapy. Other included studies suggest increased odds of transmission from AGPs. Direct studies in COVID-19 are limited and poorly reported. Indirect and low-certainty evidence suggests that use of NIV, similar to IMV, probably reduces mortality but may increase the risk for transmission of COVID-19 to health care workers. World Health Organization."}, {"pmid": 32204752, "title": "[Perinatal and neonatal management plan for prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2nd Edition)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since late December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread to all parts of the country and overseas, and the outbreak continues. At the end of January 2020, the Working Group for the Prevention and Control of Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Perinatal Period of the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics worked out the perinatal and neonatal management plan for prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection (1st Edition). This plan has been verified by clinical practice for 3 weeks. With the further understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 infection cases in pregnant women and neonates, it is necessary to update the first edition of the management plan so as to offer a better guide on clinical practice. Therefore, the Working Group has worked out the second edition of the management plan."}, {"pmid": 32316029, "title": "What COVID-19 means for non-neurotypical children and their families.", "journal": "Pediatr Res", "authors": ["Kong, Michele"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316029", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294495, "pmcid": "PMC7152897", "title": "Chloroquine as a prophylactic agent against COVID-19?", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Gendrot, Mathieu", "Javelle, Emilie", "Clerc, Axelle", "Savini, Helene", "Pradines, Bruno"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294495", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352515, "pmcid": "PMC7197608", "title": "The battle against COVID-19: mortality in Italy.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Ferrari, Roberto", "Maggioni, Aldo P", "Tavazzi, Luigi", "Rapezzi, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352515", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366198, "title": "Otolaryngology Residency Application during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Quesada, Pompeyo R", "Solis, Roberto N", "Diaz, Rodney C", "Kraft, Shannon M"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366198", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected health care at every level, including medical education. As some fourth-year medical students graduate early to join the front lines, we must now turn our attention to those trainees in their penultimate year. In this commentary, we address the unique dilemmas facing otolaryngology residency candidates for the 2020-2021 cycle, with a focus on those applicants with no institutional otolaryngology department."}, {"pmid": 32366508, "pmcid": "PMC7211062", "title": "Editorial debate: Challenges an oncologist has to face during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic within a universal healthcare system.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Porta, Camillo"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366508", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239628, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: Facts and controversies.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Conforti, Claudio", "Cannavo, Serafinella Patrizia", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Dianzani, Caterina", "Di Meo, Nicola", "Lotti, Torello", "Zalaudek, Iris", "Giuffrida, Roberta"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239628", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500328, "pmcid": "PMC7272138", "title": "Inpatient Management of COVID-19 Pneumonia: a Practical Approach from the Hospitalist Perspective.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Cutler, Todd S", "Eisenberg, Nell", "Evans, Arthur T"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500328", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493638, "pmcid": "PMC7266777", "title": "Considerations for Heart Failure Care During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "JACC Heart Fail", "authors": ["DeFilippis, Ersilia M", "Reza, Nosheen", "Donald, Elena", "Givertz, Michael M", "Lindenfeld, JoAnn", "Jessup, Mariell"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493638", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the care of patients with HF who contract COVID-19 as well as those without COVID-19 who have been impacted by the restructuring of health care delivery. Patients with HF and other cardiovascular comorbidities are at risk for severe disease and complications of infection. Similarly, COVID-19 has been demonstrated to cause myocarditis and may be implicated in new-onset cardiomyopathy. During this pandemic, special considerations are needed for patients with advanced HF, including those supported by durable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and heart transplant recipients. The purpose of this review is to summarize emerging data regarding the development of HF secondary to COVID-19, COVID-19 infection in patients with advanced HF, and the implications of the pandemic on care for non-infected patients with HF."}, {"pmid": 32294704, "pmcid": "PMC7135926", "title": "Structured thoracic computed tomography report for COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Einstein (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Shoji, Hamilton", "Fonseca, Eduardo Kaiser Ururahy Nunes", "Teles, Gustavo Borges da Silva", "Passos, Rodrigo Bastos Duarte", "Yanata, Elaine", "Silva, Murilo Marques Almeida", "Funari, Marcelo Buarque de Gusmao", "Sasdelli Neto, Roberto", "Ishikawa, Walther Yoshiharu", "Chate, Rodrigo Caruso", "Szarf, Gilberto"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294704", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341599, "pmcid": "PMC7184163", "title": "Is Immuno-modulation the Key to COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "Indian J Orthop", "authors": ["Gupta, Ajay"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341599", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406517, "pmcid": "PMC7272874", "title": "The COVID-19 information pandemic: how have we managed the surge?", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Kearsley, R", "Duffy, C C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406517", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289547, "pmcid": "PMC7151459", "title": "Online learning in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chiodini, Jane"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289547", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475803, "pmcid": "PMC7254018", "title": "The Covid-19 pandemic and people with disability.", "journal": "Disabil Health J", "authors": ["Turk, Margaret A", "McDermott, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475803", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480250, "pmcid": "PMC7248637", "title": "Protective effects of vaccinations and endemic infections on COVID-19: A hypothesis.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Meenakshisundaram, Ramachandran", "Senthilkumaran, Subramanian", "Thirumalaikolundusubramanian, Ponniah"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480250", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344168, "pmcid": "PMC7182747", "title": "Early diagnosis and rapid isolation: response to COVID-19 outbreak in Korea.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Peck, K R"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344168", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495581, "title": "[Ethical review of clinical study on intervention with traditional Chinese medicine in new public health emergencies].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Gu, Hao", "Wang, Zhi-Fei", "Xie, Yan-Ming"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495581", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "High-quality clinical study on traditional Chinese medicine is of great significance to effectively control new public health emergencies represented by outbreaks of infectious diseases and ensure people's health and safety, but it still faces a series of ethical issues. Based on the seven core values of equity, good deeds, effectiveness, respect for individuals, freedom, reciprocity, and solida-rity proposed in the Guidelines for Management of Ethical Issues in Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases, this article emphasizes the characteristics and laws of clinical studies on traditional Chinese medicine. Main points of ethical review of traditional Chinese medicine were summarized in the aspects of overall concept, syndrome differentiation and treatment, prevention before disease onset, cultural value, and clinical basis. Based on the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), we collected relevant registered Chinese medicine clinical studies, summarized the core issues of the ethics review for COVID-19, and further improved the traditional Chinese medicine ethics review system and resources, so as to better serve ethical review and scientific studies in public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32362503, "pmcid": "PMC7166013", "title": "[Early EMDR defusing in a COVID-19 testing center].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Thepaut, M", "Ferracci, S", "Dormois, I", "Haour, F", "Cazenave, N"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362503", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32159775, "pmcid": "PMC7066521", "title": "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Wang, Wenling", "Xu, Yanli", "Gao, Ruqin", "Lu, Roujian", "Han, Kai", "Wu, Guizhen", "Tan, Wenjie"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159775", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434605, "title": "Acute exacerbation of OCD symptoms precipitated by media reports of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["French, Ian", "Lyne, John"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434605", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of COVID-19 has recently dominated public discourse given its serious impact on vulnerable patient groups. Advice in relation to reducing risk of contamination have justifiably been circulated widely during the COVID-19 crisis. Contamination fear is a common obsessional theme in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and there is a need for increased research on how infectious disease epidemics affect patients with OCD. We present the case of a lady in her thirties with a history of well controlled contamination OCD who presented acutely with a significant exacerbation of OCD symptoms precipitated by media reports of COVID-19. The case highlights the potential psychological impacts of infectious disease epidemics on individuals with mental illness. We also highlight some of the risks posed to such patients in response to epidemics such as the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32245844, "title": "On being a neurologist in Italy at the time of the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Bersano, Anna", "Pantoni, Leonardo"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245844", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325027, "pmcid": "PMC7172826", "title": "Universal weekly testing as the UK COVID-19 lockdown exit strategy.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Peto, Julian", "Alwan, Nisreen A", "Godfrey, Keith M", "Burgess, Rochelle A", "Hunter, David J", "Riboli, Elio", "Romer, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325027", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395572, "pmcid": "PMC7207136", "title": "Dataset of Vietnamese student's learning habits during COVID-19.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Trung, Tran", "Hoang, Anh-Duc", "Nguyen, Trung Tien", "Dinh, Viet-Hung", "Nguyen, Yen-Chi", "Pham, Hiep-Hung"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395572", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A dataset was constructed to examine Vietnamese student's learning habits during the time schools were suspended due to the novel coronavirus - SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), in response to a call for interdisciplinary research on the potential effects of the coronavirus pandemic (Elsevier, 2020). The questionnaires were spread over a network of educational communities on Facebook from February 7 to February 28, 2020. Using the snowball sampling method, researchers delivered the survey to teachers and parents to provide formal consent before they forwarded it to their students and children. In order to measure the influence of students' socioeconomic status and occupational aspirations on their learning habits during school closures, the survey included three major groups of questions: (1) Individual demographics, including family socioeconomic status, school type, and occupational aspirations; (2) Student's learning habits, including hours of learning before and during the period of school suspension, with and without other people's support; and (3) Students' perceptions of their self-learning during the school closures. There was a total of 920 clicks on the survey link, but only 460 responses accompanied by consent forms were received. Non-credible answers (e.g., year of birth after 2009, more than 20 hours of learning per day) were eliminated. The final dataset included 420 valid observations."}, {"pmid": 32516845, "title": "Elevated level of C-reactive protein may be an early marker to predict risk for severity of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ali, Nurshad"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516845", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444771, "pmcid": "PMC7243431", "title": "Insight into the relationship between obesity-induced low-level chronic inflammation and COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Int J Obes (Lond)", "authors": ["Kim, Jihye", "Nam, Jae-Hwan"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444771", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453154, "title": "Resilience in a time of crisis.", "journal": "Nursing", "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453154", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An expert in resiliency psychology discusses stress and resilience in nursing today, including advice on bolstering resilience and recovery during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32046815, "pmcid": "PMC7029448", "title": "Laboratory readiness and response for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in expert laboratories in 30 EU/EEA countries, January 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Reusken, Chantal B E M", "Broberg, Eeva K", "Haagmans, Bart", "Meijer, Adam", "Corman, Victor M", "Papa, Anna", "Charrel, Remi", "Drosten, Christian", "Koopmans, Marion", "Leitmeyer, Katrin", "On Behalf Of Evd-LabNet And Erli-Net"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32046815", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Timely detection of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection cases is crucial to interrupt the spread of this virus. We assessed the required expertise and capacity for molecular detection of 2019-nCoV in specialised laboratories in 30 European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries. Thirty-eight laboratories in 24 EU/EEA countries had diagnostic tests available by 29 January 2020. A coverage of all EU/EEA countries was expected by mid-February. Availability of primers/probes, positive controls and personnel were main implementation barriers."}, {"pmid": 32296544, "pmcid": "PMC7147362", "title": "An emergent clade of SARS-CoV-2 linked to returned travellers from Iran.", "journal": "Virus Evol", "authors": ["Eden, John-Sebastian", "Rockett, Rebecca", "Carter, Ian", "Rahman, Hossinur", "de Ligt, Joep", "Hadfield, James", "Storey, Matthew", "Ren, Xiaoyun", "Tulloch, Rachel", "Basile, Kerri", "Wells, Jessica", "Byun, Roy", "Gilroy, Nicky", "O'Sullivan, Matthew V", "Sintchenko, Vitali", "Chen, Sharon C", "Maddocks, Susan", "Sorrell, Tania C", "Holmes, Edward C", "Dwyer, Dominic E", "Kok, Jen"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296544", "countries": ["Italy", "Korea, Republic of", "Australia", "China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has rapidly spread outside China with major outbreaks occurring in Italy, South Korea, and Iran. Phylogenetic analyses of whole-genome sequencing data identified a distinct SARS-CoV-2 clade linked to travellers returning from Iran to Australia and New Zealand. This study highlights potential viral diversity driving the epidemic in Iran, and underscores the power of rapid genome sequencing and public data sharing to improve the detection and management of emerging infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32200398, "title": "The Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Epidemic.", "journal": "Ann Acad Med Singapore", "authors": ["Hsu, Li Yang", "Chia, Po Ying", "Lim, Jeremy Fy"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200398", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409759, "title": "Remote digital monitoring in clinical trials in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Drug Discov", "authors": ["Goldsack, Jennifer C", "Izmailova, Elena S", "Menetski, Joseph P", "Hoffmann, Steven C", "Groenen, Peter M A", "Wagner, John A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409759", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507409, "title": "Consensus summary report for CEPI/BC March 12-13, 2020 meeting: Assessment of risk of disease enhancement with COVID-19 vaccines.", "journal": "Vaccine", "authors": ["Lambert, Paul-Henri", "Ambrosino, Donna M", "Andersen, Svein R", "Baric, Ralph S", "Black, Steven B", "Chen, Robert T", "Dekker, Cornelia L", "Didierlaurent, Arnaud M", "Graham, Barney S", "Martin, Samantha D", "Molrine, Deborah C", "Perlman, Stanley", "Picard-Fraser, Philip A", "Pollard, Andrew J", "Qin, Chuan", "Subbarao, Kanta", "Cramer, Jakob P"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507409", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (CoV), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan, China and has since spread as a global pandemic. Safe and effective vaccines are thus urgently needed to reduce the significant morbidity and mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and ease the major economic impact. There has been an unprecedented rapid response by vaccine developers with now over one hundred vaccine candidates in development and at least six having reached clinical trials. However, a major challenge during rapid development is to avoid safety issues both by thoughtful vaccine design and by thorough evaluation in a timely manner. A syndrome of \"disease enhancement\" has been reported in the past for a few viral vaccines where those immunized suffered increased severity or death when they later encountered the virus or were found to have an increased frequency of infection. Animal models allowed scientists to determine the underlying mechanism for the former in the case of Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine and have been utilized to design and screen new RSV vaccine candidates. Because some Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and SARS-CoV-1 vaccines have shown evidence of disease enhancement in some animal models, this is a particular concern for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. To address this challenge, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and the Brighton Collaboration (BC) Safety Platform for Emergency vACcines (SPEAC) convened a scientific working meeting on March 12 and 13, 2020 of experts in the field of vaccine immunology and coronaviruses to consider what vaccine designs could reduce safety concerns and how animal models and immunological assessments in early clinical trials can help to assess the risk. This report summarizes the evidence presented and provides considerations for safety assessment of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in accelerated vaccine development."}, {"pmid": 32426067, "pmcid": "PMC7229912", "title": "Letter to the Editor Regarding \"Implementation and Workflow of a Telehealth Clinic in Neurosurgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic\".", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Glauser, Gregory", "Wathen, Connor", "Miranda, Stephen P", "Blue, Rachel", "Dimentberg, Ryan", "Welch, William C", "Lee, John Y K", "Malhotra, Neil R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426067", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515384, "title": "Respiratory and ventilator management of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Khan, Nafees Ahmad", "Akhtar, Jamal"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515384", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of COVID-19 has infected around 2.5 million people with more than 125,000 deaths across the globe till date, and numbers are still rising. The causative organism is a virus of corona family. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) named it severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to its similarities with the virus was caused SARS outbreak (SARS-CoV). Although most of the patients present with less severe symptoms like rhinitis, cough, fever, and mild flu-like symptoms, it may progress to severe acute respiratory illness, pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) mainly in immunocompromised hosts. Severe infections mainly involve lungs, and compromise its capacity of ventilation. Respiratory and mechanical ventilation is one of the important parts of management."}, {"pmid": 32405232, "pmcid": "PMC7219367", "title": "Reductions in Heart Failure Hospitalizations During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Hall, Michael E", "Vaduganathan, Muthiah", "Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb", "Papadimitriou, Lampros", "Long, Robert C", "Hernandez, Gabriel A", "Moore, Charles K", "Lennep, Brandon W", "McMullan, Michael R", "Butler, Javed"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405232", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased burden on healthcare systems with subsequent reductions in non-emergent hospitalizations and procedures. While there are widespread reports of intentional reductions in elective hospitalizations, trends in urgent or emergent hospitalizations including heart failure (HF) hospitalizations have not been adequately characterized. We evaluated trends of HF hospitalizations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at the University of Mississippi Medical Center using electronic health records and discharge database. We also compared HF hospitalization trends during the same time frame in 2019 to account for seasonal variation in HF presentations. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic in our medical center, a mean of 30 patients per week were admitted with a principal diagnosis of HF. After the first case of COVID-19 was diagnosed in Mississippi, there was a sharp 50% decline in the number of HF hospitalizations that declined even further after a \"state of emergency\" was declared in Mississippi. Based on observations from a large academic medical center, there has been a significant reduction in the number of patients hospitalized for HF during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further investigation of these trends is warranted to determine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term HF outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32287785, "pmcid": "PMC7131521", "title": "Best we be prepared.", "journal": "New Sci", "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287785", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fast action will help the world contain the new coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32450723, "pmcid": "PMC7251625", "title": "Perspectives From the Foot and Ankle Department at an Academic Orthopedic Hospital During the Surge Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City.", "journal": "Foot Ankle Int", "authors": ["Day, Jonathan", "MacMahon, Aoife", "Roberts, Matthew M", "Drakos, Mark C", "Johnson, Anne H", "Levine, David S", "O'Malley, Martin J", "Cody, Elizabeth A", "Behrens, Steve B", "Deland, Jonathan T", "Demetracopoulos, Constantine A", "Elliot, Andrew J", "Ellis, Scott J"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450723", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501416, "pmcid": "PMC7249976", "title": "Quantifying the role of social distancing, personal protection and case detection in mitigating COVID-19 outbreak in Ontario, Canada.", "journal": "J Math Ind", "authors": ["Wu, Jianhong", "Tang, Biao", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Nah, Kyeongah", "McCarthy, Zachary"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501416", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health interventions have been implemented to mitigate the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Ontario, Canada; however, the quantification of their effectiveness remains to be done and is important to determine if some of the social distancing measures can be relaxed without resulting in a second wave. We aim to equip local public health decision- and policy-makers with mathematical model-based quantification of implemented public health measures and estimation of the trend of COVID-19 in Ontario to inform future actions in terms of outbreak control and de-escalation of social distancing. Our estimates confirm that (1) social distancing measures have helped mitigate transmission by reducing daily infection contact rate, but the disease transmission probability per contact remains as high as 0.145 and case detection rate was so low that the effective reproduction number remained higher than the threshold for disease control until the closure of non-essential business in the Province; (2) improvement in case detection rate and closure of non-essential business had resulted in further reduction of the effective control number to under the threshold. We predict the number of confirmed cases according to different control efficacies including a combination of reducing further contact rates and transmission probability per contact. We show that improved case detection rate plays a decisive role to reduce the effective reproduction number, and there is still much room in terms of improving personal protection measures to compensate for the strict social distancing measures."}, {"pmid": 32432998, "pmcid": "PMC7258759", "title": "Delays in Stroke Onset to Hospital Arrival Time During COVID-19.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Teo, Kay-Cheong", "Leung, William C Y", "Wong, Yuen-Kwun", "Liu, Roxanna K C", "Chan, Anna H Y", "Choi, Olivia M Y", "Kwok, Wing-Man", "Leung, Kung-Ki", "Tse, Man-Yu", "Cheung, Raymond T F", "Tsang, Anderson Chun-On", "Lau, Kui Kai"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432998", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a global public health crisis, disrupting emergency healthcare services. We determined whether COVID-19 has resulted in delays in stroke presentation and affected the delivery of acute stroke services in a comprehensive stroke center in Hong Kong. We retrospectively reviewed all patients with transient ischemic attack and stroke admitted via the acute stroke pathway of Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, during the first 60 days since the first diagnosed COVID-19 case in Hong Kong (COVID-19: January 23, 2020-March 24, 2020). We compared the stroke onset to hospital arrival (onset-to-door) time and timings of inpatient stroke pathways with patients admitted during the same period in 2019 (pre-COVID-19: January 23, 2019-March 24, 2019). Seventy-three patients in COVID-19 were compared with 89 patients in pre-COVID-19. There were no significant differences in age, sex, vascular risk factors, nor stroke severity between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The median stroke onset-to-door time was \u22481-hour longer in COVID-19 compared with pre-COVID-19 (154 versus 95 minutes, P=0.12), and the proportion of individuals with onset-to-door time within 4.5 hours was significantly lower (55% versus 72%, P=0.024). Significantly fewer cases of transient ischemic attack presented to the hospital during COVID-19 (4% versus 16%, P=0.016), despite no increase in referrals to the transient ischemic attack clinic. Inpatient stroke pathways and treatment time metrics nevertheless did not differ between the 2 groups (P>0.05 for all comparisons). During the early containment phase of COVID-19, we noted a prolongation in stroke onset to hospital arrival time and a significant reduction in individuals arriving at the hospital within 4.5 hours and presenting with transient ischemic attack. Public education about stroke should continue to be reinforced during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32441788, "title": "Pandemic Palliative Care Consultations Spanning State and Institutional Borders.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Nakagawa, Shunichi", "Berlin, Ana", "Widera, Eric", "Periyakoil, Vyjeyanthi S", "Smith, Alexander K", "Blinderman, Craig D"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441788", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many critically ill patients with COVID-19 need specialty level palliative care to manage symptoms, conduct goals of care conversations, and facilitate medical decision making in ethically and emotionally charged situations. During the apex of the COVID-19 crisis in New York, the Adult Palliative Care Service at Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/NewYork-Presbyterian (NYP) received a 7-fold increase in consultation requests. This unprecedented increase in demand outpaced the palliative care team's ability to respond. We describe the rapid development and implementation of a scalable virtual consultation model staffed by out-of-state palliative care specialist volunteers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32272080, "pmcid": "PMC7198848", "title": "Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and recommendations.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Phua, Jason", "Weng, Li", "Ling, Lowell", "Egi, Moritoki", "Lim, Chae-Man", "Divatia, Jigeeshu Vasishtha", "Shrestha, Babu Raja", "Arabi, Yaseen M", "Ng, Jensen", "Gomersall, Charles D", "Nishimura, Masaji", "Koh, Younsuck", "Du, Bin"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272080", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads across the world, the intensive care unit (ICU) community must prepare for the challenges associated with this pandemic. Streamlining of workflows for rapid diagnosis and isolation, clinical management, and infection prevention will matter not only to patients with COVID-19, but also to health-care workers and other patients who are at risk from nosocomial transmission. Management of acute respiratory failure and haemodynamics is key. ICU practitioners, hospital administrators, governments, and policy makers must prepare for a substantial increase in critical care bed capacity, with a focus not just on infrastructure and supplies, but also on staff management. Critical care triage to allow the rationing of scarce ICU resources might be needed. Researchers must address unanswered questions, including the role of repurposed and experimental therapies. Collaboration at the local, regional, national, and international level offers the best chance of survival for the critically ill."}, {"pmid": 32348829, "pmcid": "PMC7194514", "title": "Proposed approach for reusing surgical masks in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Liu, Yuangang", "Leachman, Sancy A", "Bar, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348829", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501411, "pmcid": "PMC7249039", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection serology: a useful tool to overcome lockdown?", "journal": "Cell Death Discov", "authors": ["Nuccetelli, Marzia", "Pieri, Massimo", "Grelli, Sandro", "Ciotti, Marco", "Miano, Roberto", "Andreoni, Massimo", "Bernardini, Sergio"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501411", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly, inducing a progressive growth in infected patients number. Social isolation (lockdown) has been assessed to prevent and control virus diffusion, leading to a worldwide financial and political crisis. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in nasopharyngeal swab takes place by real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). However, molecular tests can give some false-negative results. In this context, serological assays can be useful to detect IgG/IgM antibodies, to assess the degree of immunization, to trace the contacts, and to support the decision to re-admit people at work. A lot of serological diagnostic kits have been proposed on the market but validation studies have not been published for many of them. The aim of our work was to compare and to evaluate different assays analytical performances (two different immunochromatographic cards, an immunofluorescence chromatographic card, and a chemiluminescence-automated immunoassay) on 43 positive samples with RT-qPCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 40 negative control subjects. Our data display excellent IgG/IgM specificities for all the immunocromatographic card tests (100% IgG and 100% IgM) and for the chemiluminescence-automated assay (100% IgG and 94% IgM); IgG/IgM sensitivities are moderately lower for all methods, probably due to the assay viral antigen's nature and/or to the detection time of nasopharyngeal swab RT-qPCR, with respect to symptoms onset. Given that sensitivities (around 94% and 84% for IgG and IgM, respectively) implicate false-negative cases and given the lack of effective vaccines or treatments, the only currently available procedure to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission is to identify and isolate persons who are contagious. For this reason, we would like to submit a flowchart in which serological tests, integrated with nasopharyngeal swab RT-qPCR, are included to help social and work activities implementation after the pandemic acute phase and to overcome lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32462770, "title": "The Diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 Pneumonia: A Review of Laboratory and Radiological Testing Results.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zheng, Zhong", "Yao, Zhixian", "Wu, Ke", "Zheng, Junhua"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462770", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid emergence of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) has necessitated the implementation of diverse pandemic control strategies throughout the world. In order to effectively control the spread of this disease, it is essential that it be diagnosed at an early stage so that patients can be reliably quarantined such that disease spread will be slowed. At present, the diagnosis of this infectious form of coronavirus pneumonia is largely dependent upon a combination of laboratory testing and imaging analyses of variable diagnostic efficacy. In the present report, we reviewed prior literature pertaining to the diagnosis of different forms of pneumonia caused by coronaviruses (SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2) and assessed two different potential diagnostic approaches. We ultimately found that computed tomography (CT) was associated with a higher rate of diagnostic accuracy than was a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based approach (P = 0.0041), and chest radiography (P = 0.0100). Even so, it is important that clinicians utilize a combination of laboratory and radiological testing where possible in order to ensure that this virus is reliably and quickly detected such that it may be treated and patients may be isolated in a timely fashion, thereby effectively curbing the further progression of this pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32360323, "pmcid": "PMC7187809", "title": "Can Google(R) trends predict COVID-19 incidence and help preparedness? The situation in Colombia.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ortiz-Martinez, Yeimer", "Garcia-Robled, Juan Esteban", "Vasquez-Castaneda, Danna L", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360323", "countries": ["Colombia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294273, "pmcid": "PMC7262133", "title": "Urticarial eruption in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Henry, D", "Ackerman, M", "Sancelme, E", "Finon, A", "Esteve, E"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294273", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading quickly across the world, until a pandemic condition was announced by the WHO on March. Many clinical manifestations of this virus are described and new symptoms are emerging particularly outside respiratory sphere, such as anosmia and ageusia which are recent ORL published symptoms. About skin manifestation, few cases of rashes on patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 were described in two Chineses cohorts."}, {"pmid": 32420953, "title": "Historical and methodological highlights of quarantine measures: from ancient plague epidemics to current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Conti, Andrea Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420953", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing 2020 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is an enormous challenge for the health systems and the entire societies of the countries involved. Since at present the outbreak continues to evolve (April 2020), the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it a public health emergency of international concern, specifying that public health interventions aimed at the prevention of the further spread of this disease include quarantine. Quarantine, that may be defined as a restraint on the activities of people or on the traffic of goods, targeted to the prevention of the diffusion of communicable pathologies, is a health concept profoundly rooted in the history of mankind. The lessons of the past are always pertinent for the present and for the future, in particular from a public health standpoint. One of the most relevant of them is connected with previous influenza pandemics, similar to the current COVID-19 2019/2020 pandemic, and it indicates that it is practically impossible, even in recent times, to contain the infection in the geographic area where it has risen and to prevent its trans-national disseminated spread. With specific reference to the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore, health authorities still adopt \"classical\" preventive interventions, namely workplace social distancing measures and quarantine, to reduce the transmission of the disease. Only the future will testify the precise overall effectiveness of preventive public health measures in containing the impact of the present coronavirus pandemic. However, what in this epidemiological scenario is already known, is that the multi-century international health value of quarantine remains essential and unavoidable."}, {"pmid": 32311289, "title": "Pursuing a Good Death in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Wang, Samuel S Y", "Teo, Winnie Z Y", "Yee, Chee Wai", "Chai, Yong Woon"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311289", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497254, "title": "Leading a COVID-19 cohort ward without blades: a surgeon's perspectives.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Chia, C L K"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497254", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356601, "pmcid": "PMC7262014", "title": "Dermatology patients' knowledge and concerns regarding their immunomodulatory medication during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Keeling, Elizabeth", "Daly, Selene", "McKenna, Dermot B"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356601", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344304, "pmcid": "PMC7175887", "title": "May patients receiving 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors be in higher risk of COVID-19 complications?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Adamowicz, Jan", "Juszczak, Kajetan", "Drewa, Tomasz"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344304", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for global and national healthcare providers. Number of new cases is continuously increasing with an emerging trend showing worse prognosis in males in comparison to females. Based on this observation, our proposed hypothesis is that 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, that are commonly used for BPH treatment, may be one of the factors contributing to poorer prognosis in males."}, {"pmid": 32519827, "title": "Covid-19: a survey on knowledge, awareness and hygiene practices among dental health professionals in an Indian scenario.", "journal": "Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig", "authors": ["Singh Gambhir, Ramandeep", "Singh Dhaliwal, Jagjit", "Aggarwal, Amit", "Anand, Samir", "Anand, Vaibhav", "Kaur Bhangu, Amanpreet"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519827", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) continues to spread globally. It has become a major cause of concern for health care professionals all over the world. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, awareness and hygiene practices regarding COVID-19 among private dental practitioners practicing in Tricity (Chandigarh, Panchkula and Mohali) in India during these critical times. A total of 245 private dentists participated in this cross-sectional survey and finally 215 constituted the final sample size. A self-administered, multiple choice type questionnaire (verified by a specialist) was administered to obtain information from the subjects. The questionnaire was divided into two parts and included 15 questions on knowledge and awareness regarding COVID-19. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and Student\u2019s t-test. Percentage of subjects who answered correctly regarding main symptoms of COVID-19 and primary mode of transmission was 87% and 82.5% respectively. One-third of the subjects were not aware regarding Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to be used while rendering dental treatment. 75% of subjects were of the opinion that supportive care is the current treatment regime for COVID-19. Less than one-third of subjects (30.2%) reported high scores. Education level (p=0.018) and health sector profile (p=0.024) of the subjects were significantly associated with mean knowledge scores. The findings of the present study showed that some notable deficiencies in knowledge existed among dental professionals regarding some vital aspects of COVID-19. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improving dentists\u2019knowledge via health education and training programs. Further studies on the subject are also warranted once the situation normalizes."}, {"pmid": 32442105, "pmcid": "PMC7236683", "title": "The FDA-approved gold drug auranofin inhibits novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) replication and attenuates inflammation in human cells.", "journal": "Virology", "authors": ["Rothan, Hussin A", "Stone, Shannon", "Natekar, Janhavi", "Kumari, Pratima", "Arora, Komal", "Kumar, Mukesh"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442105", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-COV-2 has recently emerged as a new public health threat. Herein, we report that the FDA-approved drug, auranofin, inhibits SARS-COV-2 replication in human cells at low micro molar concentration. Treatment of cells with auranofin resulted in a 95% reduction in the viral RNA at 48\u00a0h after infection. Auranofin treatment dramatically reduced the expression of SARS-COV-2-induced cytokines in human cells. These data indicate that auranofin could be a useful drug to limit SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated lung injury due to its antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anti-reactive oxygen species (ROS) properties. Further animal studies are warranted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of auranofin for the management of SARS-COV-2 associated disease."}, {"pmid": 32432439, "title": "What do patients say about telephone-based urological consultations at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Minerva Urol Nefrol", "authors": ["Cai, Tommaso", "Verze, Paolo", "Luciani, Lorenzo", "Malossini, Gianni", "Bjerklund Johansen, Truls E", "Benettollo, Pier Paolo", "Guarrera, Giovanni M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432439", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461203, "title": "Children are being sidelined by covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sinha, Ian", "Bennett, Davara", "Taylor-Robinson, David C"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461203", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198190, "title": "Practical laboratory considerations amidst the COVID-19 outbreak: early experience from Singapore.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Tan, Shaun S", "Yan, Benedict", "Saw, Sharon", "Lee, Chun Kiat", "Chong, Ai Teng", "Jureen, Roland", "Sethi, Sunil"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198190", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a zoonotic viral infection originating from Wuhan, China in December 2019. The World Health Organization has classified this pandemic as a global health emergency due to its virulent nature of transmission, which may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Singapore's health ministry has responded with enhanced surveillance of COVID-19 for all suspected pneumonia cases, further increasing the volume of testing via real-time reverse transcription PCR, as well as samples necessitating stringent infectious control. Collectively, this has implications on the total testing process, laboratory operations and its personnel due to biosafety concerns. Turnaround time for routine testing may also be affected. The aim of this article is to present our tertiary institution's early experience with managing this emerging crisis and offer practical considerations for the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical phases of laboratory testing in this cohort of patients."}, {"pmid": 32491190, "title": "Emergency abdominal surgery in COVID-19 patients: a note of caution from Wuhan.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Fu, D", "Zhang, Pei", "Wang, L", "Liu, W", "Tan, H", "Di, M", "Cai, M", "Zhang, Peng", "Tao, K", "Wang, G", "Jiang, C", "Wang, Z"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491190", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404211, "pmcid": "PMC7225210", "title": "UK medical students graduating early to work during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Sharif, Shazia P"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404211", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478553, "title": "COVID-19 has united patients and providers against institutional betrayal in health care: A battle to be heard, believed, and protected.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Klest, Bridget", "Smith, Carly P", "May, Collin", "McCall-Hosenfeld, Jennifer", "Tamaian, Andreea"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478553", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this commentary, researchers, health care consumers, and medical providers reflect on institutional betrayal during the COVID-19 pandemic in American and Canadian health care systems. Examples of institutional betrayal experienced by patients and their family members, as well as medical providers, are described. Although such examples may be more evident to the general public during the current pandemic, they do not represent new problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32407051, "title": "Hyper-immune/convalescent plasma: an old option and a valid strategy for treatment of COVID-19?", "journal": "Minerva Med", "authors": ["Saverino, Daniele"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407051", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, there are no approved specific antiviral agents for novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Hyper-immune/convalescent plasma derived from recently recovered donors seems to be useful to treat COVID-19 patients, an addition to maximal supportive care and antiviral agents. The endpoints are the improvement of clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters of these patients. However, the efficacy of hyper-immune/convalescent plasma treatment for severe infectious diseases is still controversial. The optimal dose and time point, as well as the clinical benefit of hyper- immune/convalescent plasma therapy, needs further investigation in larger well-controlled trials."}, {"pmid": 32467365, "title": "COVID-19 research in Africa.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Bekker, Linda-Gail", "Mizrahi, Valerie"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467365", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422545, "pmcid": "PMC7227498", "title": "Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections: A systematic review.", "journal": "Clin Neurol Neurosurg", "authors": ["Montalvan, V", "Lee, J", "Bueso, T", "De Toledo, J", "Rivas, K"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422545", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasing research reports neurological manifestations of COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 shares homology with other human coronaviruses that have also had nervous system involvement. To review the neurological aspects of SARS-cov2 and other coronavirus, including transmission pathways, mechanisms of invasion into the nervous system, and mechanisms of neurological disease. We conducted a systematic review of articles in PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE data bases. Reviewed evidence is presented in sections of this manuscript which includes pathogenesis, neuro-invasion, encephalitis, Guillain-Barr\u00e9, ADEM, multiple sclerosis, polyneuropathy, and cerebrovascular disease. A total 67 studies were included in the final analysis of experimental studies, case reports, series of cases, cohort studies, and systematic reviews related to neurological manifestations of SARS- CoV-2 and other human coronavirus infections. The SARS-CoV-2 receptor is expressed in the nervous system. Common reported symptoms included hyposmia, headaches, weakness, altered consciousness. Encephalitis, demyelination, neuropathy, and stroke have been associated with COVID-19. Infection through the cribriform plate and olfactory bulb and dissemination through trans-synaptic transfer are some of the mechanisms proposed. Invasion of the medullary cardiorespiratory center by SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to the refractory respiratory failure observed in critically-ill COVID-19 patients. An increasing number of reports of COVID-19 patients with neurological disorders add to emergent experimental models with neuro-invasion as a reasonable concern that SARS-CoV-2 is a new neuropathogen. How it may cause acute and chronic neurologic disorders needs to be clarified in future research."}, {"pmid": 32298055, "title": "[Replication and transmission mechanisms of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["He, Yeyan", "Zheng, Chanying"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298055", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The three known human highly pathogenic coronaviruses are severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Human highly pathogenic coronaviruses are composed of non-structural proteins, structural proteins and accessory proteins. Viral particles recognize host receptors via spike glycoprotein (S protein), enter host cells by membrane fusion, replicate in host cells through large replication-transcription complexes, and promote proliferation by interfering with and suppressing the host's immune response. Human highly pathogenic coronaviruses are hosted by humans and vertebrates. Viral particles are transmitted through droplets, contact and aerosols or likely through digestive tract, urine, eyes and other routes. This review discusses the mechanisms of proliferation and transmission of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses based on the results of existing research, providing basis for future study on interrupting the transmission and pathogenicity of human highly pathogenic coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32409480, "title": "Caring for Newborns Born to Mothers with COVID-19: More Questions than Answers.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Gupta, Munish", "Zupancic, John A F", "Pursley, DeWayne M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409480", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511946, "title": "The no-test abortion is a patient-centered abortion.", "journal": "Contraception", "authors": ["Fay, Kathryn", "Kasier, Jennifer", "Turok, David"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511946", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430480, "title": "Prevention and control of COVID-19 in neurointerventional surgery: expert consensus from the Chinese Federation of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (CFITN) and the International Society for Neurovascular Disease (ISNVD).", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["He, Yingkun", "Hong, Tao", "Wang, Meiyun", "Jiao, Liqun", "Ge, Yulin", "Haacke, E Mark", "Li, Tianxiao", "Hongqi, Zhang"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430480", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364826, "title": "Telehealth in Oncology During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Bringing the House Call Back Virtually.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Liu, Raymond", "Sundaresan, Tilak", "Reed, Mary E", "Trosman, Julia R", "Weldon, Christine B", "Kolevska, Tatjana"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364826", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498502, "title": "Mis-infodemic: The Achilles' heel in combating the COVID-19 pandemic in an Indian perspective.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop", "Sahu, Dinesh Prasad", "Kankaria, Ankita"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498502", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this ongoing SARS-CoV2 Corona virus pandemic, we are witnessing an uninhibited spread of mis-information on various social media platforms. This spread of mis-information or \"mis-infodemic\" is playing a negative role in our fight against the virus with far reaching consequences. International organizations like the WHO and other governmental organizations have geared up to the occasion to limit the spread of these and bring clarity in this context. In this time of crisis, risk communication is vital in the communication between organizations/government and the people. But apart from the organizations, the onus is on the people and media to realise the importance and verify the authenticity of information being circulated. It is imperative that information, being a double edged sword, is handled with caution and effective communication strategies are devised for the dissemination of accurate and scientific health related information. Social media can be used in a constructive way in mitigating the effects of this pandemic for the betterment of the society."}, {"pmid": 32232551, "pmcid": "PMC7103910", "title": "COVID-19, rheumatic diseases and immunosuppressive drugs: an appeal for medication adherence.", "journal": "Rheumatol Int", "authors": ["Venerito, Vincenzo", "Lopalco, Giuseppe", "Iannone, Florenzo"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232551", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528138, "title": "COVID-19 and the liver-related deaths to come.", "journal": "Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528138", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250324, "pmcid": "PMC7242824", "title": "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Parkinson's Disease: Hidden Sorrows and Emerging Opportunities.", "journal": "J Parkinsons Dis", "authors": ["Helmich, Rick C", "Bloem, Bastiaan R"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250324", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500936, "title": "Case series of six kidney transplanted patients with COVID-19 pneumonia treated with tocilizumab.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mella, Alberto", "Mingozzi, Silvia", "Gallo, Ester", "Lavacca, Antonio", "Rossetti, Maura Maria", "Clari, Roberta", "Randone, Olga", "Maffei, Stefano", "Salomone, Mario", "Imperiale, Daniele", "Biancone, Luigi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500936", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few reports described the outcome of kidney transplanted patients (KTs) affected by COVID-19 treated with interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor Tocilizumab (TCZ). We report our case series of 6 KTs with COVID-19 pneumonia who received TCZ: all were of male gender, with a mean age of 55.5\u00b18.4 years, a median time from transplantation of 3611 days (1465-5757); 5/6 had cardiovascular comorbidities, 1/6 had diabetes and 3/6 have one or more previous KTs. Four out of six patients died, at an average time of 9.75\u00b12.4 days after tocilizumab administration, 3/6 due to a coexistent septic shock. Two patients improved after TCZ and were discharged at 20 and 21 days respectively; in both patient a significant increase of total lymphocyte count was observed. In conclusion KTs, where the role of peculiar factors such as chronic immunosuppression is still undetermined, represent a high-risk group with significant COVID-19 associated mortality. The evaluation of the TCZ effect in COVID-19 pneumonia requires controlled studies (ideally RCTs) in this specific population."}, {"pmid": 32383969, "title": "Segmental Pulmonary Vascular Changes in COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Parry, Arshed Hussain", "Wani, Abdul Haseeb"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383969", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505493, "title": "A Syndemic of COVID-19 and methanol poisoning in Iran: Time for Iran to consider alcohol use as a public health challenge?", "journal": "Alcohol", "authors": ["Shokoohi, Mostafa", "Nasiri, Naser", "Sharifi, Hamid", "Baral, Stefan", "Stranges, Saverio"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505493", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255197, "pmcid": "PMC7262186", "title": "Adverse skin reactions among healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: a survey in Wuhan and its surrounding regions.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Lin, P", "Zhu, S", "Huang, Y", "Li, L", "Tao, J", "Lei, T", "Song, J", "Liu, D", "Chen, L", "Shi, Y", "Jiang, S", "Liu, Q", "Xie, J", "Chen, H", "Duan, Y", "Xia, Y", "Zhou, Y", "Mei, Y", "Zhou, X", "Wu, J", "Fang, M", "Meng, Z", "Li, H"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255197", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486488, "title": "Nicotinamide Riboside-The Current State of Research and Therapeutic Uses.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Mehmel, Mario", "Jovanovic, Nina", "Spitz, Urs"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486488", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nicotinamide riboside (NR) has recently become one of the most studied nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursors, due to its numerous potential health benefits mediated via elevated NAD+ content in the body. NAD+ is an essential coenzyme that plays important roles in various metabolic pathways and increasing its overall content has been confirmed as a valuable strategy for treating a wide variety of pathophysiological conditions. Accumulating evidence on NRs' health benefits has validated its efficiency across numerous animal and human studies for the treatment of a number of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders. As the prevalence and morbidity of these conditions increases in modern society, the great necessity has arisen for a rapid translation of NR to therapeutic use and further establishment of its availability as a nutritional supplement. Here, we summarize currently available data on NR effects on metabolism, and several neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, through to its application as a treatment for specific pathophysiological conditions. In addition, we have reviewed newly published research on the application of NR as a potential therapy against infections with several pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, to support rapid NR translation to therapeutics, the challenges related to its bioavailability and safety are addressed, together with the advantages of NR to other NAD+ precursors."}, {"pmid": 32423232, "title": "The hidden inequalities of COVID-19.", "journal": "Autism", "authors": ["Pellicano, Elizabeth", "Stears, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423232", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405329, "pmcid": "PMC7218366", "title": "COVID-19 transmission and blood transfusion: A case report.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Cho, Hee Jeong", "Koo, Ji Wan", "Roh, Soong Ki", "Kim, Yu Kyung", "Suh, Jang Soo", "Moon, Joon Ho", "Sohn, Sang Kyun", "Baek, Dong Won"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405329", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been labelled as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Although person-to-person transmission of the etiologic agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been confirmed, it is not known whether COVID-19 may be transmitted by blood transfusion. Notwithstanding the urgent requirement of blood, it is critical to know whether the SARS-CoV-2 virus can be transmitted by blood transfusion because many individuals may be asymptomatic carriers and may donate blood. Several cases in which specific viral RNA could be detected in the serum from patients with COVID-19 have already been reported; these findings suggest that blood donation may be an unexplored route of transmission. However, the American Association of Blood Banks and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have not recommended any specific SARS-CoV-2-related actions to be taken at blood collection centres at this time. In this report, we describe a case of a 21-year-old man with very severe aplastic anaemia who received apheresis platelet transfusion from an individual who was subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19. Our patient tested negative for COVID-19 and is awaiting allogeneic stem cell transplantation."}, {"pmid": 32325282, "pmcid": "PMC7165099", "title": "Chest CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia by duration of symptoms.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Ding, Xun", "Xu, Jia", "Zhou, Jun", "Long, Qingyun"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325282", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate lung abnormalities on thin-section computed tomographic (CT) scans in patients with COVID-19 and correlate findings to duration of symptoms. In total, 348 CT scans in 112 patients were classified according to the time after the onset of the initial symptoms, namely stage-1 (0-4 days); stage-2 (5-9 days); stage-3 (10-14 days); stage-4 (15-21 days); stage-5 (22-28 days); and stage-6 (\uff1e28 days). Each lung lobe was evaluated for extent affected by ground-glass opacities (GGO), crazy-paving pattern and consolidation, in five categories of percentual severity. Summation of scores from all five lung lobes provided the total CT score (maximal CT score, 25). The predominant patterns of lung abnormalities were GGOs, crazy-paving pattern, consolidation and linear opacities. The frequency of crazy-paving pattern, consolidation and linear opacities peaked at stage-3 (62.7 %), stage-4 (75.0 %) and stage-5 (83.1 %), respectively, and decreased thereafter. Total CT scores increased from stage-1 to stage-2 (2.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1, vs. 6.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6, respectively, P\u2009<\u20090.01), and thereafter remained high. The lower lobes were more inclined to be involved with higher CT scores except for stage-1. At stage-6 98.1 % of CT scans still showed abnormalities (CT score 7.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1). Thin-section CT could provide semi-quantitative analysis of pulmonary damage severity. This disease changed rapidly at the early stage, then tended to be stable and lasted for a long time."}, {"pmid": 32353271, "pmcid": "PMC7185940", "title": "Suicide prevention during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Klomek, Anat Brunstein"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353271", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294289, "pmcid": "PMC7262050", "title": "Venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Porfidia, Angelo", "Pola, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294289", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283268, "pmcid": "PMC7146662", "title": "Novel Approach to Reduce Transmission of COVID-19 During Tracheostomy.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Foster, Peter", "Cheung, Tiffany", "Craft, Patrick", "Baran, Kelsey", "Kryskow, Mark", "Knowles, Ross", "Toia, Alyssa", "Galvez, Christian", "Bowling, Adam", "DiSiena, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283268", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32210385, "title": "COVID-19: protect great apes during human pandemics.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Gillespie, Thomas R", "Leendertz, Fabian H"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210385", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427138, "pmcid": "PMC7227567", "title": "COVID-19: How the Quarantine could lead to the Depreobesity.", "journal": "Obes Med", "authors": ["Mediouni, Mohamed", "Madiouni, Riadh", "Kaczor-Urbanowicz, Karolina Elzbieta"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427138", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we will introduce coronavirus (COVID-19) and how it spreads around the globe. We will also present the term of quarantine and associated with it requirement of locking down at home in some countries. We will study how frustration related to quarantine relates to several psychological problems including depression. This environment pushes people to consume high sugar foods that increase obesity. In conclusion, countries should be prepared for the upcoming epidemic (depreobesity)."}, {"pmid": 32145189, "pmcid": "PMC7128937", "title": "Covert COVID-19 and false-positive dengue serology in Singapore.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yan, Gabriel", "Lee, Chun Kiat", "Lam, Lawrence T M", "Yan, Benedict", "Chua, Ying Xian", "Lim, Anita Y N", "Phang, Kee Fong", "Kew, Guan Sen", "Teng, Hazel", "Ngai, Chin Hong", "Lin, Li", "Foo, Rui Min", "Pada, Surinder", "Ng, Lee Ching", "Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145189", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434872, "title": "Covid-19: face masks could foster distrust and blame.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["King, Frances M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434872", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427184, "pmcid": "PMC7228234", "title": "Restructuring the inpatient advanced pharmacy practice experience to reduce the risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019: Lessons from Saudi Arabia.", "journal": "J Am Coll Clin Pharm", "authors": ["Badreldin, Hisham A", "Alshaya, Omar", "Saleh, Khalid Bin", "Alshaya, Abdulrahman I"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427184", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization announced the rapidly spreading epidemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Almost all countries started to take proactive precautionary measures to reduce the risk of contracting the virus. The education sector, including pharmacy education, has been drastically impacted by this pandemic. During the outbreak, many hospitals instructed the health profession's schools to restrict or prevent the presence of their students and interns in their hospitals in an effort to limit the spread of the virus. Constraining the presence of interns in the affiliated hospital has impacted the integrity of delivering the learning outcomes of each clinical rotation. In this paper, we present the experience of four faculty preceptors in restructuring the advanced pharmacy practice experience in different clinical settings, including critical care, infectious diseases, cardiology, and internal medicine, in order to reduce the risk of contracting COVID-19 at a large academic medical institution in Saudi Arabia. We believe that this experience could provide guidance and insights for other pharmacy schools dealing with this issue during this global pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32429703, "title": "SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) treatment: a patent review.", "journal": "Expert Opin Ther Pat", "authors": ["Nascimento Junior, Jose Adao Carvalho", "Santos, Anamaria Mendonca", "Quintans-Junior, Lucindo Jose", "Walker, Cristiani Isabel Bandero", "Borges, Lysandro Pinto", "Serafini, Mairim Russo"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429703", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus has been responsible for several virus outbreaks since 2003, caused by SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and currently SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), the causative agent of coronavirus disease in 2019. COVID-19 has become a global public health emergency because of its high virulence and mortality capacity. This patent review aims to provide an overview of the patents that present possible treatments for SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV. To treat SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2, researchers have filed patents for a number of therapeutic agents. Most of the treatments found were protease inhibitors aimed at proteases such as PLpro, 3\u00a0CLpro, RNA helicase, and Spike protein, or used monoclonal antibodies and interferons. In addition, the use of Chinese folk medicine and its multitude of medicinal plants with strong antiviral properties was reinforced. Thus, these therapies used in previous epidemics can serve as an aid in the new pandemic by SARS-CoV-2 and be a starting point for new treatments. The various antiviral alternatives presented in this review offer therapeutic options to fight coronavirus infections. If shown to be effective, these drugs may be extremely important in the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32347920, "pmcid": "PMC7197605", "title": "The Effects of a Novel Global Pandemic (COVID-19) on a Plastic Surgery Department.", "journal": "Aesthet Surg J", "authors": ["Singh, Prateush", "Ponniah, Allan", "Nikkhah, Dariush", "Mosahebi, Afshin"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347920", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32167823, "title": "Potential global pandemics: the role of the WHO and other public health bodies.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Glasper, Alan"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167823", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the emergence of the new coronavirus in China, Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses the response strategies adopted by international and national public health agencies."}, {"pmid": 32497467, "title": "\"We are Alone in This Battle\": A Framework for a Coordinated Response to COVID-19 in Nursing Homes.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Behrens, Liza L", "Naylor, Mary D"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497467", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of May 2020, nursing home residents account for a staggering one-third of the more than 80,000 deaths due to COVID-19 in the U.S. This pandemic has resulted in unprecedented threats to achieving and sustaining care quality even in the best nursing homes, requiring active engagement of nursing home leaders in developing solutions responsive to the unprecedented threats to quality standards of care delivery during the pandemic. This perspective offers a framework, designed with the input of nursing home leaders, to facilitate internal and external decision-making and collective action to address these threats. Policy options focus on assuring a shared understanding among nursing home leaders and government agencies of changes in the operational status of nursing homes throughout the crisis, improving access to additional essential resources needed to mitigate the crisis' impact, and promoting shared accountability for consistently achieving accepted standards in core quality domains."}, {"pmid": 32312828, "pmcid": "PMC7207182", "title": "Clarifying the role of lung ultrasonography in COVID-19 respiratory disease.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Pierce, Cameron W"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312828", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267531, "title": "COVID-19 Obstetrics Task Force, Lombardy, Italy: Executive management summary and short report of outcome.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Ferrazzi, Enrico M", "Frigerio, Luigi", "Cetin, Irene", "Vergani, Patrizia", "Spinillo, Arsenio", "Prefumo, Federico", "Pellegrini, Edda", "Gargantini, Gianluigi"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267531", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From February 24, 2020, a COVID-19 obstetric task force was structured to deliver management recommendations for obstetric care. From March 1, 2020, six COVID-19 hubs and their spokes were designated. An interim analysis of cases occurring in or transferred to these hubs was performed on March 20, 2020 and recommendations were released on March 24, 2020. The vision of this strict organization was to centralize patients in high-risk maternity centers in order to concentrate human resources and personal protective equipment (PPE), dedicate protected areas of these major hospitals, and centralize clinical multidisciplinary experience with this disease. All maternity hospitals were informed to provide a protected labor and delivery room for nontransferable patients in advanced labor. A pre-triage based on temperature and 14 other items was developed in order to screen suspected patients in all hospitals to be tested with nasopharyngeal swabs. Obstetric outpatient facilities were instructed to maintain scheduled pregnancy screening as per Italian guidelines, and to provide pre-triage screening and surgical masks for personnel and patients for pre-triage-negative patients. Forty-two cases were recorded in the first 20\u00a0days of hub and spoke organization. The clinical presentation was interstitial pneumonia in 20 women. Of these, seven required respiratory support and eventually recovered. Two premature labors occurred."}, {"pmid": 32463803, "title": "Impaired immune cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19 is IL-6 dependent.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Mazzoni, Alessio", "Salvati, Lorenzo", "Maggi, Laura", "Capone, Manuela", "Vanni, Anna", "Spinicci, Michele", "Mencarini, Jessica", "Caporale, Roberto", "Peruzzi, Benedetta", "Antonelli, Alberto", "Trotta, Michele", "Zammarchi, Lorenzo", "Ciani, Luca", "Gori, Leonardo", "Lazzeri, Chiara", "Matucci, Andrea", "Vultaggio, Alessandra", "Rossi, Oliviero", "Almerigogna, Fabio", "Parronchi, Paola", "Fontanari, Paolo", "Lavorini, Federico", "Peris, Adriano", "Rossolini, Gian Maria", "Bartoloni, Alessandro", "Romagnani, Sergio", "Liotta, Francesco", "Annunziato, Francesco", "Cosmi, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463803", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Anti-viral immune response is crucial to achieve pathogen clearance, however in some patients an excessive and aberrant host immune response can lead to an acute respiratory distress syndrome. The comprehension of the mechanisms that regulate pathogen elimination, immunity, and pathology is essential to better characterize disease progression and widen the spectrum of therapeutic options. We performed a flow cytometric characterization of immune cells subsets from 30 COVID-19 patients and correlated these data with clinical outcomes. COVID-19 patients showed decreased numbers of circulating T, B and NK cells, and exhibited a skewing of CD8+ T cells towards a terminally differentiated/senescent phenotype. In agreement, T CD4+, T CD8+ but also NK cells displayed reduced anti-viral cytokine production capability. Moreover, a reduced cytotoxic potential was identified in COVID-19 patients, particularly in those that required intensive care. The latter group of patients showed also increased serum IL-6 levels, that correlated to the frequency of granzyme-expressing NK cells. Off-label treatment with tocilizumab restored the cytotoxic potential of NK cells. In conclusion, the association between IL-6 serum levels and the impairment of cytotoxic activity suggests the possibility that targeting this cytokine may restore anti-viral mechanisms. This study was supported by funds of Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine of University of Florence (ex-60%) derived from Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca (Italy)."}, {"pmid": 32473662, "pmcid": "PMC7255733", "title": "Implication of SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the sensitivity of RT-qPCR diagnostic assays.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Osorio, Nuno Sampaio", "Correia-Neves, Margarida"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473662", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277876, "pmcid": "PMC7194658", "title": "Beware of the second wave of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Xu, Shunqing", "Li, Yuanyuan"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277876", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467096, "title": "Clinicopathological characteristics of 8697 patients with COVID-19 in China: meta-analysis.", "journal": "Fam Med Community Health", "authors": ["Khan, Moien A B", "Soteriades, Elpidoforos", "Al Falasi, Reem Juma", "Saleem, Adeel"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467096", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318805, "pmcid": "PMC7171913", "title": "Treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Antaki, Fares", "Dirani, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318805", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444223, "pmcid": "PMC7172827", "title": "A Pediatric Emergency Department Protocol to Avoid Intrahospital Spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the Outbreak in Bergamo, Italy.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Nicastro, Emanuele", "Mazza, Angelo", "Gervasoni, Annalisa", "Di Giorgio, Angelo", "D'Antiga, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444223", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease affected Northern Italy, spreading from the Bergamo province to the entire country. During reorganization of our emergency department to support patients presenting with coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease, we aimed to evaluate whether children play a role in intrahospital spread of the infection."}, {"pmid": 32507543, "title": "Spiking Pandemic Potential: Structural and Immunological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Trends Microbiol", "authors": ["Wang, Ying-Ting", "Landeras-Bueno, Sara", "Hsieh, Li-En", "Terada, Yutaka", "Kim, Kenneth", "Ley, Klaus", "Shresta, Sujan", "Saphire, Erica Ollmann", "Regla-Nava, Jose Angel"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507543", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious respiratory disease causing thousands of deaths and overwhelming public health systems. The international spread of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the ease of global travel, and societal dynamics, immunologic naivet\u00e9 of the host population, and muted innate immune responses. Based on these factors and the expanding geographic scale of the disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic-the first caused by a coronavirus. In this review, we summarize the current epidemiological status of COVID-19 and consider the virological and immunological lessons, animal models, and tools developed in response to prior SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks that can serve as resources for development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and vaccines. In particular, we discuss structural insights into the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a major determinant of transmissibility, and discuss key molecular aspects that will aid in understanding and fighting this new global threat."}, {"pmid": 32277203, "title": "Dentistry and coronavirus (COVID-19) - moral decision-making.", "journal": "Br Dent J", "authors": ["Coulthard, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277203", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus (COVID-19) has challenged health professions and systems and has evoked different speeds of reaction and types of response around the world. The role of dental professionals in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 is critically important. While all routine dental care has been suspended in countries experiencing COVID-19 disease during the period of pandemic, the need for organised urgent care delivered by teams provided with appropriate personal protective equipment takes priority. Dental professionals can also contribute to medical care. Major and rapid reorganisation of both clinical and support services is not straightforward. Dental professionals felt a moral duty to reduce routine care for fear of spreading COVID-19 among their patients and beyond, but were understandably concerned about the financial consequences. Amidst the explosion of information available online and through social media, it is difficult to identify reliable research evidence and guidance, but moral decisions must be made."}, {"pmid": 32377399, "pmcid": "PMC7193619", "title": "COVID-19 vaccines: breaking record times to first-in-human trials.", "journal": "NPJ Vaccines", "authors": ["Kim, Young Chan", "Dema, Barbara", "Reyes-Sandoval, Arturo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377399", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The twenty-first century has come with a new era in vaccinology, in which recombinant genetic technology has contributed to setting an unprecedented fast pace in vaccine development, clearly demonstrated during the recent COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32294258, "pmcid": "PMC7262156", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in a psoriatic patient treated with IL-23 inhibitor.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Messina, F", "Piaserico, S"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294258", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530816, "title": "Assessment of the impact of media coverage in coronavirus-related Google Trends: Infodemiology study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Sousa-Pinto, Bernardo", "Anto, Aram", "Czarlewski, Wienia", "Anto, Josep M", "Fonseca, Joao Almeida", "Bousquet, Jean"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530816", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The influence of media coverage in online searches may hamper the role of Google Trends (GT) for Covid-19 monitoring. To assess whether Covid-19-related GT - particularly on ageusia and anosmia - were primarily related to media coverage or with epidemic trends. We retrieved GT data for searches on \"coronavirus\", \"cough\", \"anosmia\" and \"ageusia\", plotting them for a period of 5 years. In addition, we analysed the trends of those queries for 17 countries throughout the year of 2020, particularly concerning rises and peaks of searches. For anosmia and ageusia, we assessed whether the respective GT correlated with Covid-19 cases and deaths both throughout 2020 and specifically before March 16, 2020 (i.e., the date when the media started reporting that those symptoms could be associated with Covid-19). Over the last five years, peaks of \"coronavirus\" GT were only observed during the Winter of 2020. Rises and peaks in \"coronavirus\" searches were similar in time in the 17 different assessed countries, irrespectively of their epidemic situation. In 15 of these countries, rises in \"anosmia\" and \"ageusia\" GT occurred in the same week or one week after they were identified in the media as symptoms of Covid-19. Analysing data prior to March 16, 2020, anosmia/ageusia GT were found to have variable correlation with Covid-19 cases and deaths in the different countries. Covid-19-related GT is more related to media coverage than with epidemic trends. "}, {"pmid": 32531399, "title": "The use of exoskeletons to help with prone positioning in the intensive care unit during COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Settembre, Nicla", "Maurice, Pauline", "Paysant, Jean", "Theurel, Jean", "Claudon, Laurent", "Hani, Hind", "Chenuel, Bruno", "Ivaldi, Serena"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531399", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301630, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 From the Trenches: A Perspective From New York City.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Gozansky, Elliott K", "Moore, William H"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301630", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The response to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is evolving in New York City. We would like to share our experiences, thoughts, and perspectives on coping with the pandemic. CONCLUSION. This article presents experiences that are meant to help foster discussion as the wave of COVID-19 continues. Thoughtful leadership and careful continuous communication will help us minimize anxiety and frustration during this difficult time."}, {"pmid": 32355606, "pmcid": "PMC7190458", "title": "COVID-19 and digital epidemiology.", "journal": "Z Gesundh Wiss", "authors": ["Kalteh, Ehsan Allah", "Rajabi, Abdolhalim"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355606", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432541, "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academic sleep medicine.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Ehsan, Zarmina"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432541", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266524, "pmcid": "PMC7136155", "title": "A case report of COVID-19 with false negative RT-PCR test: necessity of chest CT.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Feng, Hao", "Liu, Yujian", "Lv, Minli", "Zhong, Jianquan"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266524", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The definite diagnosis of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is based on the viral isolation or positive result of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from sputum, or nasal swab, or throat swab. However, the sensitivity to detect COVID-19 of real time (RT)-PCR is reported to be lower than that of chest CT. We report a case of 34-year-old man who was diagnosed as negative for COVID-19 based on the four sequential RT-PCR tests of his pharyngeal swab. Chest CT showed patchy ground-glass opacity on admission, and it rapidly progressed to segmental mixed consolidation and ground-glass opacity 3\u00a0days after admission, and it resolved in left upper lobe, but showed multifocal ground-glass opacities 7\u00a0days after admission, and they resolved within 2\u00a0weeks. The fifth RT-PCR test finally revealed positive results at the fifth day after admission. It is difficult to distinguish COVID-19 pneumonia from other viral pneumonia on CT findings alone; however, we emphasize the utility of chest CT to detect early change of COVID-19 in cases which RT-PCR tests show negative results."}, {"pmid": 32474996, "title": "\"The life at the times of coronavirus\" Microbes rule the world!", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Meurman, Jukka H"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474996", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I used to begin my microbiology lecture series with a slogan \"microbes rule the world\". And I continued by reminding the students that microbes, in fact, have been on earth billions of years before man and that they most probably stay here after mankind has been extinguished. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic makes this statement actual but also a bit creepy."}, {"pmid": 32487664, "title": "Covid-19: 146 researchers raise concerns over chloroquine study that halted WHO trial.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487664", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240582, "title": "Flattening the Curve for Incarcerated Populations - Covid-19 in Jails and Prisons.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Akiyama, Matthew J", "Spaulding, Anne C", "Rich, Josiah D"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240582", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284326, "pmcid": "PMC7242698", "title": "Remdesivir is a direct-acting antiviral that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with high potency.", "journal": "J Biol Chem", "authors": ["Gordon, Calvin J", "Tchesnokov, Egor P", "Woolner, Emma", "Perry, Jason K", "Feng, Joy Y", "Porter, Danielle P", "Gotte, Matthias"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284326", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are urgently needed to control this current pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Replication of SARS-CoV-2 depends on the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is the likely target of the investigational nucleotide analogue remdesivir (RDV). RDV shows broad-spectrum antiviral activity against RNA viruses, and previous studies with RdRps from Ebola virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have revealed that delayed chain termination is RDV's plausible mechanism of action. Here, we expressed and purified active SARS-CoV-2 RdRp composed of the nonstructural proteins nsp8 and nsp12. Enzyme kinetics indicated that this RdRp efficiently incorporates the active triphosphate form of RDV (RDV-TP) into RNA. Incorporation of RDV-TP at position i caused termination of RNA synthesis at position i+3. We obtained almost identical results with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 RdRps. A unique property of RDV-TP is its high selectivity over incorporation of its natural nucleotide counterpart ATP. In this regard, the triphosphate forms of 2'-C-methylated compounds, including sofosbuvir, approved for the management of hepatitis C virus infection, and the broad-acting antivirals favipiravir and ribavirin, exhibited significant deficits. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the target specificity of RDV, as RDV-TP was less efficiently incorporated by the distantly related Lassa virus RdRp, and termination of RNA synthesis was not observed. These results collectively provide a unifying, refined mechanism of RDV-mediated RNA synthesis inhibition in coronaviruses and define this nucleotide analogue as a direct-acting antiviral."}, {"pmid": 32437033, "title": "Objective olfactory evaluation of self-reported loss of smell in a case series of 86 COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Cabaraux, Pierre", "Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "Khalife, Mohamad", "Hans, Stephane", "Calvo-Henriquez, Christian", "Martiny, Delphine", "Journe, Fabrice", "Sowerby, Leigh", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437033", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate olfactory dysfunction (OD) in patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through patient-reported outcome questionnaires and objective psychophysical testing. COVID-19 patients with self-reported sudden-onset OD were recruited. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected. Nasal complaints were evaluated with the sinonasal outcome-22. Subjective olfactory and gustatory status was evaluated with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Objective OD was evaluated using psychophysical tests. Eighty-six patients completed the study. The most common symptoms were fatigue (72.9%), headache (60.0%), nasal obstruction (58.6%), and postnasal drip (48.6%). Total loss of smell was self-reported by 61.4% of patients. Objective olfactory testings identified 41 anosmic (47.7%), 12 hyposmic (14.0%), and 33 normosmic (38.3%) patients. There was no correlation between the objective test results and subjective reports of nasal obstruction or postnasal drip. A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients reporting OD do not have OD on objective testing."}, {"pmid": 32314805, "pmcid": "PMC7264580", "title": "CT imaging features of 4121 patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhu, Jieyun", "Zhong, Zhimei", "Li, Hongyuan", "Ji, Pan", "Pang, Jielong", "Li, Bocheng", "Zhang, Jianfeng"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314805", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We systematically reviewed the computed tomography (CT) imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to provide reference for clinical practice. Our article comprehensively searched PubMed, FMRS, EMbase, CNKI, WanFang databases, and VIP databases to collect literatures about the CT imaging features of COVID-19 from 1 January\u00a0to 16 March 2020. Three reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, and then, this meta-analysis was performed by using Stata12.0 software. A total of 34 retrospective studies involving a total of 4121 patients with COVID-19 were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that most patients presented bilateral lung involvement (73.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 65.9%-81.1%) or multilobar involvement (67.3%, 95% CI: 54.8%-78.7%) and just little patients showed normal CT findings (8.4%). We found that the most common changes in lesion density were ground-glass opacities (68.1%, 95% CI: 56.9%-78.2%). Other changes in density included air bronchogram sign (44.7%), crazy-paving pattern (35.6%), and consolidation (32.0%). Patchy (40.3%), spider web sign (39.5%), cord-like (36.8%), and nodular (20.5%) were common lesion shapes in patients with COVID-19. Pleural thickening (27.1%) was found in some patients. Lymphadenopathy (5.4%) and pleural effusion (5.3%) were rare. The lung lesions of patients with COVID-19 were mostly bilateral lungs or multilobar involved. The most common chest CT findings were patchy and ground-glass opacities. Some patients had air bronchogram, spider web sign, and cord-like. Lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion were rare."}, {"pmid": 32301347, "pmcid": "PMC7175783", "title": "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Future Cardiol", "authors": ["Pravda, Nili Schamroth", "Pravda, Miri Schamroth", "Kornowski, Ran", "Orvin, Katia"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301347", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466289, "title": "Cellular Metabolic Profiling of CrFK Cells Infected with Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Using Phenotype Microarrays.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Ng, Shing Wei", "Selvarajah, Gayathri Thevi", "Cheah, Yoke Kqueen", "Mustaffa Kamal, Farina", "Omar, Abdul Rahman"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466289", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal feline immune-mediated disease caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). Little is known about the biological pathways associated in FIP pathogenesis. This is the first study aiming to determine the phenotypic characteristics on the cellular level in relation to specific metabolic pathways of importance to FIP pathogenesis. The internalization of type II FIPV WSU 79-1146 in Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney (CrFK) cells was visualized using a fluorescence microscope, and optimization prior to phenotype microarray (PM) study was performed. Then, four types of Biolog Phenotype MicroArray\u2122 plates (PM-M1 to PM-M4) precoated with different carbon and nitrogen sources were used to determine the metabolic profiles in FIPV-infected cells. The utilization of palatinose was significantly low in FIPV-infected cells; however, there were significant increases in utilizing melibionic acid, L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid and alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) compared to non-infected cells. This study has provided the first insights into the metabolic profiling of a feline coronavirus infection in vitro using PMs and deduced that glutamine metabolism is one of the essential metabolic pathways for FIPV infection and replication. Further studies are necessary to develop strategies to target the glutamine metabolic pathway in FIPV infection."}, {"pmid": 32386843, "pmcid": "PMC7186193", "title": "Coronavirus Lockdown: Forced Inactivity for the Oldest Old?", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Valenzuela, Pedro L", "Santos-Lozano, Alejandro", "Lista, Simone", "Serra-Rexach, Jose A", "Emanuele, Enzo", "Lucia, Alejandro"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386843", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459287, "pmcid": "PMC7254451", "title": "Association of Stay-at-Home Orders With COVID-19 Hospitalizations in 4 States.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Sen, Soumya", "Karaca-Mandic, Pinar", "Georgiou, Archelle"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459287", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414522, "pmcid": "PMC7211689", "title": "Weakness and elevated creatinine kinase as the initial presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Chan, Kok Hoe", "Farouji, Iyad", "Abu Hanoud, Amany", "Slim, Jihad"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414522", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a global public health emergency with more than one million positive cases across the globe. COVID-19 has a multifaceted presentation. We are herein to report two cases of SARS-CoV-2 induced rhabdomyolysis with an initial presentation of weakness and elevated creatinine kinase (CK). Both patients had no respiratory symptoms, they only complained of generalized weakness and were found to have elevated CK. Routine chest X-ray showed bilateral infiltrates in both cases and subsequently reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. To the best of our knowledge, there was only one literature to date documented SARS-CoV-2 induced rhabdomyolysis as a late complication of COVID-19 patient. Our cases showed that elevated CK and rhabdomyolysis can be the sole initial presentation of patients with COVID-19 and total CK should be ordered in every patient on admission."}, {"pmid": 32317405, "title": "Tracking the impact of interventions against COVID-19 in absence of extensive testing.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Karthikeyan, Ganesan"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317405", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396265, "pmcid": "PMC7273008", "title": "The prevalence, characteristics, and related factors of pressure injury in medical staff wearing personal protective equipment against COVID-19 in China: A multicentre cross-sectional survey.", "journal": "Int Wound J", "authors": ["Jiang, Qixia", "Liu, Yuxiu", "Wei, Wei", "Zhu, Dongmei", "Chen, Aihua", "Liu, Haiying", "Wang, Jing", "Jiang, Zhixia", "Han, Qiuying", "Bai, Yuxuan", "Hua, Jiao", "Zhang, Yanhong", "Guo, Jinli", "Li, Li", "Li, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396265", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the medical staff fighting against COVID-19 frequently reported the device-related pressure injury (DRPI) caused by personal protective equipment (PPE). We conducted a cross-sectional survey online to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of DRPI among medical staff. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the risk factors associated with DRPI. A total of 4308 participants were collected and 4306 participants were valid from 161 hospitals in China. The overall prevalence of DRPI caused by PPE among medical staff was 30.03% (95% CI 28.69%-31.41%). The prevalence of male was more than that of female (42.25%, 95% CI 37.99-46.51% vs 26.36%, 95% CI 26.93-29.80%, P\u2009<\u2009.001).The categories were mainly stages 1 and 2, and the common anatomical locations were nose bridge, cheeks, ears, and forehead. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors were sweating (OR = 43.99, 95% CI 34.46-56.17), male (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.12-1.99), level 3 PPE (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.14-1.83), and longer wearing time (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 0.97-1.68). The prevalence of DRPI was high among medical staff wearing PPE against COVID-19, and the risk factors were sweating, male, wearing level 3 PPE, and longer wearing time. Comprehensive preventive interventions should be taken."}, {"pmid": 32304512, "pmcid": "PMC7188024", "title": "Obstetricians on the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Front Lines and the Confusing World of Personal Protective Equipment.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Jamieson, Denise J", "Steinberg, James P", "Martinello, Richard A", "Perl, Trish M", "Rasmussen, Sonja A"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304512", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As health care systems struggle to maintain adequate supplies of personal protective equipment, there is confusion and anxiety among obstetricians and others about how to best protect themselves, their coworkers, and their patients. Although use of personal protective equipment is a critical strategy to protect health care personnel from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), other strategies also need to be implemented on labor and delivery units to reduce the risk of health care-associated transmission, including screening of all pregnant women who present for care (case identification), placing a mask on and rapidly isolating ill pregnant women, and minimizing the number of personnel who enter the room of an ill patient (physical distancing). Although the mechanism of transmission of COVID-19 is not known with certainty, current evidence suggests that COVID-19 is transmitted primarily through respiratory droplets. Therefore, strict adherence to hand hygiene and consistent use of recommended personal protective equipment are cornerstones for reducing transmission. In addition, it is critical that health care professionals receive training on and practice correct donning (putting on) and doffing (removing) of personal protective equipment and avoid touching their faces as well as their facial protection to minimize self-contamination."}, {"pmid": 32387006, "pmcid": "PMC7252009", "title": "SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19): lessons to be learned by Brazilian Physical Therapists.", "journal": "Braz J Phys Ther", "authors": ["Pinto, Thiago Fernandes", "Carvalho, Celso R F de"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387006", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32182131, "pmcid": "PMC7147280", "title": "Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak on ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Care in Hong Kong, China.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Tam, Chor-Cheung Frankie", "Cheung, Kent-Shek", "Lam, Simon", "Wong, Anthony", "Yung, Arthur", "Sze, Michael", "Lam, Yui-Ming", "Chan, Carmen", "Tsang, Tat-Chi", "Tsui, Matthew", "Tse, Hung-Fat", "Siu, Chung-Wah"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32182131", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468988, "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the medico-legal and human rights of psychiatric patients.", "journal": "Eur Psychiatry", "authors": ["Thome, Johannes", "Coogan, Andrew N", "Simon, Frederick", "Fischer, Matthias", "Tucha, Oliver", "Faltraco, Frank", "Marazziti, Donatella", "Butzer, Hermann"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468988", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has raised significant concerns for population mental health and the effective provision of mental health services in the light of increased demands and barriers to service delivery [1]. Particular attention is being directed toward the possible neuropsychiatric sequelae of both COVID-19 and of the stringent societal mitigation steps deployed by national governments, concerns that are informed by historical increases in the incidence of psychotic disorders following influenza pandemics [2]. However, so far there has been scant attention paid to other important areas of psychiatry during COVID-19, including medico-legal aspects and human rights. In this paper, we discuss the legal implications for psychiatry of the COVID-19 pandemic and report a novel situation in which psychiatric patients may experience diminution of their statutory protections. We believe that this represents a paradigm shift in psychiatric care and that the consideration of the fundamental rights of psychiatric patients as \"less important\" than infection control measures compel mental health professionals to \"advocate for \u2026 patients and their caregivers\" in this time of crisis [1]."}, {"pmid": 32513502, "title": "[Estimating the number of COVID-19 cases using a web-based tool: Results from the first week of the 'Covid-19 Trends' project in the Basque Country].", "journal": "Semergen", "authors": ["Garitano, I", "Linares, M", "Santos, L", "Santamaria, V", "Galicia, F", "Ramos, J M"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513502", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the Basque Country, two cases of COVID-19 were diagnosed on February 28 2020. On March 14, the Spanish Government established a state of alarm. Only cases confirmed by molecular biology (reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) were known. We launched a web-based surveillance tool to estimate the number of symptomatic cases of COVID-19 to contribute to Public Health decision-making. We implemented an anonymous web questionnaire and disseminated it through online social media social. We collected epidemiological information about \u00abtime\u00bb (date of onset of symptoms), \u00abplace\u00bb (zip code), and \u00abperson\u00bb (gender, age). We compared cases detected by RT-PCR with the estimated cases, according to the case definition of the Ministry of Health. We calculated the questionnaire response rate and the cumulative incidence at 14days. Between March 19 and 26, 128,009 people answered the questionnaire (5.5% of the Basque population). Of these, 26,375 met the case definition (symptom prevalence of 21.4%). The estimated cases were almost six times more than COVID-19 positive RT-PCR. The estimated 14-day cumulative incidence was 578.3 per 100,000 population compared to RT-PCR positive cases, which was 139.6 per 100,000 population. This tool was useful in estimating the minimum number of symptomatic cases in the Basque Country, which could support Public Health actions."}, {"pmid": 32404651, "pmcid": "PMC7236857", "title": "Opioid Use Disorder and COVID-19: Crashing of the Crises.", "journal": "J Addict Med", "authors": ["Khatri, Utsha G", "Perrone, Jeanmarie"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404651", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": The COVID19 crisis has created many additional challenges for patients with opioid use disorder, including those seeking treatment with medications for OUD. Some of these challenges include closure of substance use treatment clinics, focus of emergency departments on COVID-19 patients, social distancing and shelter in place orders affecting mental health, bystander overdose rescue, threats to income and supply of substances for people who use drugs. While the initial changes in regulation allowing buprenorphine prescribing by telehealth are welcomed by providers and patients, many additional innovations are required to ensure that additional vulnerabilities and hurdles created by this pandemic scenario do not further fan the flames of the opioid epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32339344, "pmcid": "PMC7267662", "title": "Vascular skin symptoms in COVID-19: a french observational study.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Bouaziz, J D", "Duong, T", "Jachiet, M", "Velter, C", "Lestang, P", "Cassius, C", "Arsouze, A", "Domergue Than Trong, E", "Bagot, M", "Begon, E", "Sulimovic, L", "Rybojad, M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339344", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic viral infection by the World Health organization on March 11th 2020. Usual clinical manifestations of COVID-19 infection include fever, fatigue, myalgia, headache, diarrhea, dry cough, dyspnea that may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death (1). Skin symptoms of COVID-19 have been poorly described but may include erythematous rash, urticaria and chicken pox like lesions (2-7). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a cellular receptor for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32438840, "title": "The coronavirus stress: A reality check of India's mental health social agenda.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438840", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454513, "title": "Human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ju, Bin", "Zhang, Qi", "Ge, Jiwan", "Wang, Ruoke", "Sun, Jing", "Ge, Xiangyang", "Yu, Jiazhen", "Shan, Sisi", "Zhou, Bing", "Song, Shuo", "Tang, Xian", "Yu, Jinfang", "Lan, Jun", "Yuan, Jing", "Wang, Haiyan", "Zhao, Juanjuan", "Zhang, Shuye", "Wang, Youchun", "Shi, Xuanling", "Liu, Lei", "Zhao, Jincun", "Wang, Xinquan", "Zhang, Zheng", "Zhang, Linqi"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454513", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presents a global health emergency in urgent need of interventions1-3. SARS-CoV-2 entry into the target cells depends on binding between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral Spike protein and the ACE2 cell receptor2,4-6. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of 206 RBD-specific monoclonal antibodies derived from single B cells of eight SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. We identified antibodies with potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralization activity that correlates with their competitive capacity with ACE2 for RBD binding. Surprisingly, neither the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies nor the infected plasma cross-reacted with SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV RBDs, although substantial plasma cross-reactivity to their trimeric Spike proteins was found. Crystal structure analysis of RBD-bound antibody revealed steric hindrance that inhibits viral engagement with ACE2 and thereby blocks viral entry. These findings suggest that anti-RBD antibodies are viral species-specific inhibitors. The antibodies identified here may be candidates for the development of SARS-CoV-2 clinical interventions."}, {"pmid": 32403977, "pmcid": "PMC7231907", "title": "The Renin-Angiotensin system and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A role for the ACE2 receptor?", "journal": "J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst", "authors": ["Sever, Peter", "Johnston, Sebastian L"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403977", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488863, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic impact on gynaecological cancers: a perspective.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Uwins, C", "Bhandoria, G"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488863", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447101, "pmcid": "PMC7241378", "title": "Prognostic factors in patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19: Findings from the CORONADO study and other recent reports.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab", "authors": ["Scheen, A J", "Marre, M", "Thivolet, C"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447101", "countries": ["China", "United States", "France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes mellitus is challenging in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of diabetes patients hospitalized in intensive care units for COVID-19 is two- to threefold higher, and the mortality rate at least double, than that of non-diabetes patients. As the population with diabetes is highly heterogeneous, it is of major interest to determine the risk factors of progression to a more serious life-threatening COVID-19 infection. This brief review discusses the main findings of CORONADO, a prospective observational study in France that specifically addressed this issue as well as related observations from other countries, mainly China and the US. Some prognostic factors beyond old age have been identified: for example, an increased body mass index is a major risk factor for requiring respiratory assistance. Indeed, obesity combines several risk factors, including impaired respiratory mechanics, the presence of other comorbidities and inappropriate inflammatory responses, partly due to ectopic fat deposits. While previous diabetic microvascular (renal) and macrovascular complications also increase risk of death, the quality of past glucose control had no independent influence on hospitalized diabetes patient outcomes, but whether the quality of glucose control might modulate risk of COVID-19 in non-hospitalized diabetes patients is still unknown. In addition, no negative signs regarding the use of RAAS blockers and DPP-4 inhibitors and outcomes of COVID-19 could be identified. Hyperglycaemia at the time of hospital admission is associated with poor outcomes, but it may simply be considered a marker of severity of the infection. Thus, the impact of glucose control during hospitalization on outcomes related to COVID-19, which was not investigated in the CORONADO study, is certainly deserving of specific investigation."}, {"pmid": 32442333, "title": "Estimation of the number of blood donors during the COVID-19 incubation period across China and analysis of prevention and control measures for blood transfusion transmission.", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Yuan, Zhaohu", "Chen, Dandan", "Chen, Xiaojie", "Wei, Yaming"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442333", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to estimate the number of blood donors during the COVID-19 incubation period across China. In this study, we developed a predictive model to estimate the number of blood donors during the COVID-19 incubation period among 34 provincial regions in China. Our main assumption was that blood donors of all ages in different regions have a stable blood donation intention and the same infection risk. First, we estimated the number of blood donors during the COVID-19 incubation period in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, and China, from December 31, 2019 to March 17, 2020. Second, we compared the number of blood donors during the COVID-19 incubation period in all provinces across China. In addition, we found that if all RBCs, plasma, and cryoprecipitation were stored in isolation until the 14th day, the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through blood transfusion was reduced by at least 65.77% after the blood donor safely passed the COVID-19 incubation period. Moreover, if the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was carried out on all platelets, the potential risk would be reduced by 77.48%. Although the risk is low, with the rapid spread of the COVID-19 and the appearance of alarmingly high infectivity and a high fatality rate, appropriate measures should be taken by health departments to ensure the safety of clinical blood."}, {"pmid": 32417674, "pmcid": "PMC7211760", "title": "Multi-center evaluation of cepheid xpert(R) xpress SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care test during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Wolters, Femke", "van de Bovenkamp, Jeroen", "van den Bosch, Bart", "van den Brink, Sharon", "Broeders, Maaike", "Chung, Ngoc Hoa", "Favie, Barbara", "Goderski, Gabriel", "Kuijpers, Judith", "Overdevest, Ilse", "Rahamat-Langedoen, Janette", "Wijsman, Lisa", "Melchers, Willem Jg", "Meijer, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417674", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, rapid diagnostics are paramount to contain the current pandemic. The routinely used realtime RT-PCR is sensitive, specific and able to process large batches of samples. However, turnaround time is long and in cases where fast obtained results are critical, molecular point of care tests (POCT) can be an alternative. Here we report on a multicenter evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care test. The Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay was evaluated against the routine in-house real-time RT-PCR assays in three medical microbiology laboratories in The Netherlands. A sensitivity and specificity panel was tested consisting of a dilution series of SARS-CoV-2 and ten samples containing SARS-CoV-2 and a range of other seasonal respiratory viruses. Additionally, 58 samples of patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 with different viral loads and 30 tested negative samples in all three Dutch laboratories using an in-house RT-PCR, were evaluated using Cepheids Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 cartridges. Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 point of care test showed equal performance compared to routine in-house testing with a limit of detection (LOD) of 8.26 copies/mL. Other seasonal respiratory viruses were not detected. In clinical samples Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 reaches an agreement of 100 % compared to all in-house RT-PCRs CONCLUSION: Cepheids GeneXpert Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 is a valuable addition for laboratories in situations where rapid and accurate diagnostics are of the essence."}, {"pmid": 32421858, "title": "High-Stakes Remote-Access Open-Book Examinations.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Sam, Amir H", "Reid, Michael D", "Amin, Anjali"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421858", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented challenges in medical school assessments. Final year high-stakes assessments have classically used closed book examinations (CBEs). Alternative methods of assessment such as open book examinations (OBEs) are emerging but are not routinely used in final year medical school exams. OBEs encourage the use of problem-solving skills more akin to those used in real-life. There is currently limited data comparing OBEs with CBEs. A systematic review showed there was insufficient evidence to support the exclusive use of either CBEs or OBEs in assessment, however the studies conducted to date have rarely looked at high-stakes assessments due to concerns about the validity of OBEs1 ."}, {"pmid": 32388137, "pmcid": "PMC7194794", "title": "Evidence that high temperatures and intermediate relative humidity might favor the spread of COVID-19 in tropical climate: A case study for the most affected Brazilian cities.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Auler, A C", "Cassaro, F A M", "da Silva, V O", "Pires, L F"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388137", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to analyze how meteorological conditions such as temperature, humidity and rainfall can affect the spread of COVID-19 in five Brazilian (S\u00e3o Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bras\u00edlia, Manaus and Fortaleza) cities. The cities selected were those with the largest number of confirmed cases considering data of April 13. Variables such as number of cumulative cases, new daily cases and contamination rate were employed for this study. Our results showed that higher mean temperatures and average relative humidity favored the COVID-19 transmission, differently from reports from coldest countries or periods of time under cool temperatures. Thus, considering the results obtained, intersectoral policies and actions are necessary, mainly in cities where the contamination rate is increasing rapidly. Thus, prevention and protection measures should be adopted in these cities aiming to reduce transmission and the possible collapse of the health system."}, {"pmid": 32525856, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Department Visits - United States, January 1, 2019-May 30, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Hartnett, Kathleen P", "Kite-Powell, Aaron", "DeVies, Jourdan", "Coletta, Michael A", "Boehmer, Tegan K", "Adjemian, Jennifer", "Gundlapalli, Adi V"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525856", "countries": ["United States", "Austria", "China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency to combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As the number of persons hospitalized with COVID-19 increased, early reports from Austria (1), Hong Kong (2), Italy (3), and California (4) suggested sharp drops in the numbers of persons seeking emergency medical care for other reasons. To quantify the effect of COVID-19 on U.S. emergency department (ED) visits, CDC compared the volume of ED visits during four weeks early in the pandemic March 29-April 25, 2020 (weeks 14 to 17; the early pandemic period) to that during March 31-April 27, 2019 (the comparison period). During the early pandemic period, the total number of U.S. ED visits was 42% lower than during the same period a year earlier, with the largest declines in visits in persons aged \u226414 years, females, and the Northeast region. Health messages that reinforce the importance of immediately seeking care for symptoms of serious conditions, such as myocardial infarction, are needed. To minimize SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, transmission risk and address public concerns about visiting the ED during the pandemic, CDC recommends continued use of virtual visits and triage help lines and adherence to CDC infection control guidance."}, {"pmid": 32382317, "pmcid": "PMC7203876", "title": "An Extended Statement by the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society President Regarding the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Interv Cardiol", "authors": ["Curzen, Nick"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382317", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391065, "pmcid": "PMC7199720", "title": "Traditional Chinese medicine contributes to the treatment of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Chin Herb Med", "authors": ["Liu, Liang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391065", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312755, "title": "Impact of cancelling foundation year rotations due to the covid-19 outbreak in the UK.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Ding, Anni", "Zhang, Yuanpei"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312755", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406687, "pmcid": "PMC7241739", "title": "In Silico Exploration of the Molecular Mechanism of Clinically Oriented Drugs for Possibly Inhibiting SARS-CoV-2's Main Protease.", "journal": "J Phys Chem Lett", "authors": ["Huynh, Tien", "Wang, Haoran", "Luan, Binquan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406687", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic without any well-calibrated treatment. To inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19, the main protease (Mpro) that performs key biological functions in the virus has been the focus of extensive studies. With the fast-response experimental efforts, the crystal structures of Mpro of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have just become available recently. Herein, we theoretically investigated the mechanism of binding between the Mpro's pocket and various marketed drug molecules being tested in clinics to fight COVID-19 that show promising outcomes. By combining the existing experimental results with our computational ones, we revealed an important ligand binding mechanism of the Mpro, demonstrating that the binding stability of a ligand inside the Mpro pocket can be significantly improved if part of the ligand occupies its so-called \"anchor\" site. Along with the highly potent drugs and/or molecules (such as nelfinavir) revealed in this study, the newly discovered binding mechanism paves the way for further optimizations and designs of Mpro's inhibitors with a high binding affinity."}, {"pmid": 32515988, "title": "Ventilator Sharing During an Acute Shortage Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Beitler, Jeremy R", "Mittel, Aaron M", "Kallet, Richard", "Kacmarek, Robert", "Hess, Dean", "Branson, Richard", "Olson, Murray", "Garcia, Ivan", "Powell, Barbara", "Wang, David S", "Hastie, Jonathan", "Panzer, Oliver", "Brodie, Daniel", "Hill, Laureen L", "Thompson, B Taylor"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515988", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380916, "title": "COVID-19: A Time for Creative Compassion.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Neville, Thanh H"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380916", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485391, "pmcid": "PMC7260536", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin for COVID-19 - Warranted or dangerous?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Popescu, Corneliu P", "Fischer, Philip R"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485391", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433436, "title": "Pandemic Adaptive Measures in a Major Trauma Center: Coping With COVID-19.", "journal": "J Patient Saf", "authors": ["Sheridan, Gerard A", "Boran, Sinead", "Taylor, Colm", "O'Loughlin, Padhraig F", "Harty, James A"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433436", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505080, "pmcid": "PMC7261060", "title": "A case of COVID-19 pneumonia with cerebral hemorrhage.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Li, Jingwen", "Long, Xi", "Zhu, Chunli", "Hu, Shaoping", "Lin, Zhicheng", "Li, Jinghong", "Xiong, Nian"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505080", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353269, "pmcid": "PMC7185950", "title": "COVID-19, unemployment, and suicide.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kawohl, Wolfram", "Nordt, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353269", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525565, "title": "Elevated expression of ACE2 in tumor-adjacent normal tissues of cancer patients.", "journal": "Int J Cancer", "authors": ["Winkler, Tom", "Ben-David, Uri"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525565", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434776, "pmcid": "PMC7246107", "title": "Legal preparedness as part of COVID-19 response: the first 100 days in Taiwan.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Lee, Tsung-Ling"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434776", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32210742, "pmcid": "PMC7081066", "title": "Role of changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the interaction with the human ACE2 receptor: An in silico analysis.", "journal": "EXCLI J", "authors": ["Ortega, Joseph Thomas", "Serrano, Maria Luisa", "Pujol, Flor Helene", "Rangel, Hector Rafael"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210742", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many human viral diseases are a consequence of a zoonotic event. Some of the diseases caused by these zoonotic events have affected millions of people around the world, some of which have resulted in high rates of morbidity/mortality in humans. Changes in the viral proteins that function as ligands of the host receptor may promote the spillover between species. The most recent of these zoonotic events that have caused an ongoing epidemic of high magnitude is the Covid-19 epidemics caused by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to determine the mutation(s) in the sequence of the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 that might be favoring human to human transmission. An in silico approach was performed, and changes were detected in the S1 subunit of the receptor-binding domain of spike. The observed changes have significant effect on SARS-CoV-2 spike/ACE2 interaction and produce a reduction in the binding energy, compared to the one of the Bat-CoV to this receptor. The data presented in this study suggest a higher affinity of the SARS-Cov-2 spike protein to the human ACE2 receptor, compared to the one of Bat-CoV spike and ACE2. This could be the cause of the rapid viral spread of SARS-CoV-2 in humans."}, {"pmid": 32291828, "pmcid": "PMC7235523", "title": "Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: How to manage immunosuppressants in COVID-19 days.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Coletto, Lavinia Agra", "Favalli, Ennio Giulio", "Caporali, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291828", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425298, "pmcid": "PMC7227580", "title": "Covid-19 during pregnancy: a case series from an universally tested population from the north of Portugal.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Doria, Mariana", "Peixinho, Catarina", "Laranjo, Mafalda", "Varejao, Ana Mesquita", "Silva, Pedro Tiago"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425298", "countries": ["Portugal"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32075364, "title": "[Novel coronavirus pneumonia-related liver injury: etiological analysis and treatment strategy].", "journal": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hu, L L", "Wang, W J", "Zhu, Q J", "Yang, L"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32075364", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of pneumonia caused by 2019 novel coronavirus infection in Wuhan has become a public health emergency of international concern. However, some patients are accompanied by varying degrees of liver injury in addition to respiratory symptoms. This paper analyzes the clinical characteristics, susceptible population, related factors and treatment strategies to provide a reference for clinical decision making in novel coronavirus pneumonia-related liver injury."}, {"pmid": 32397911, "pmcid": "PMC7222554", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: an overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and potential vaccines and therapeutics.", "journal": "Ther Deliv", "authors": ["Amawi, Haneen", "Abu Deiab, Ghina'a I", "A Aljabali, Alaa A", "Dua, Kamal", "Tambuwala, Murtaza M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397911", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the time of writing this review, severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 2,355,853 patients and resulted in more than 164,656 deaths worldwide (as of 20 April 2020). This review highlights the preventive measures, available clinical therapies and the potential of vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 by taking into consideration the strong genetic similarities of the 2003 epidemic SARS-CoV. Recent studies are investigating the repurposing of US FDA-approved drugs as there is no available vaccine yet with many attempts under clinical evaluation. Several antivirals, antimalarials and immunomodulators that have shown activity against SARS-CoV and Middle East coronavirus respiratory syndromes are being evaluated. In particular, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, arbidol, tocilizumab and bevacizumab have shown promising results. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of this pandemic and where we currently stand."}, {"pmid": 32373183, "pmcid": "PMC7192209", "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the context of COVID-19.", "journal": "Drugs Context", "authors": ["Shukla, Ashutosh M", "Archibald, Lennox K", "Wagle Shukla, Aparna", "Mehta, Hiren J", "Cherabuddi, Kartikeya"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373183", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chloroquine and closely related structural analogs, employed initially for the treatment of malaria, are now gaining worldwide attention due to the rapidly spreading pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, named coronavirus disease (COVID) of 2019 (COVID-19). Although much of this attention has a mechanistic basis, the hard efficacy data for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in the management of the clinical syndrome of COVID-19 have been limited thus far. This review aims to present the available in vitro and clinical data for the role of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 and attempts to put them into perspective, especially in relation to the different risks/benefits particular to each patient who may require treatment."}, {"pmid": 32393767, "pmcid": "PMC7212840", "title": "COVID-19: Screening and triage challenges in people with disability due to Spinal Cord Injury.", "journal": "Spinal Cord Ser Cases", "authors": ["Korupolu, Radha", "Stampas, Argyrios", "Gibbons, Carlee", "Hernandez Jimenez, Isaac", "Skelton, Felicia", "Verduzco-Gutierrez, Monica"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393767", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that emerged in the Chinese city of Wuhan has rapidly become a global public health pandemic. As of March 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has described priority levels for testing patients with suspected COVID-19 and information on when to seek medical attention. However, there is a paucity of further guidance for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) who may not present with typical symptoms of COVID-19 due to altered physiology. This may pose challenges with surveillance, risk stratification, and initial management of this vulnerable population. In this point-counterpoint discussion, we outline important differences in presentation along with COVID-19 cases co-morbid with SCI."}, {"pmid": 32423911, "pmcid": "PMC7239515", "title": "Tension pneumothorax in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "BMJ Case Rep", "authors": ["Flower, Luke", "Carter, John-Paul L", "Rosales Lopez, Juan", "Henry, Alun Marc"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423911", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 36-year-old man was brought to the emergency department with suspected COVID-19, following a 3-week history of cough, fevers and shortness of breath, worsening suddenly in the preceding 4\u2009hours. On presentation he was hypoxaemic, with an SpO2 of 88% on 15\u2009L/min oxygen, tachycardic and had no audible breath sounds on auscultation of the left hemithorax. Local guidelines recommended that the patient should be initiated on continuous positive airway pressure while investigations were awaited, however given the examination findings an emergency portable chest radiograph was performed. The chest radiograph demonstrated a left-sided tension pneumothorax. This was treated with emergency needle decompression, with good effect, followed by chest drain insertion. A repeat chest radiograph demonstrated lung re-expansion, and the patient was admitted to a COVID-19 specific ward for further observation. This case demonstrates tension pneumothorax as a possible complication of suspected COVID-19 and emphasises the importance of thorough history-taking and clinical examination."}, {"pmid": 32328724, "pmcid": "PMC7176814", "title": "15-day mortality and associated risk factors for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: an ambispective observational cohort study.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Wang, Ke", "Zhang, Zhiguo", "Yu, Muqing", "Tao, Yu", "Xie, Min"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328724", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434338, "title": "COVID-19 from the perspective of an immunologist.", "journal": "Cas Lek Cesk", "authors": ["Strizova, Zuzana", "Milota, Tomas", "Bartunkova, Jirina"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434338", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has a number of similarities to SARS and MERS diseases. Its highly contagious nature is particularly due to the rapid spread of the disease through asymptomatic individuals; however, the worlds most contagious infectious disease is still considered measles. Scientific data have revealed the interactions between COVID-19 and the immune system. These findings may contribute to the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches. Just as coronavirus itself the reports about the disease have massively spread through media and public contributing to overall public fear and stress. This promotion of non-scientific evidence and misinformation through social media might have also a devastating impact on the individuals immune system. Data regarding the mortality rates of COVID-19 have achieved unprecedented media and public engagements, however, the true facts about the disease prevention, immunomodulation and novel treatments are often left unsaid. We present the most recent facts about COVID-19 disease and its interactions with the immune system."}, {"pmid": 32478620, "title": "Wet Nurses to Donor Milk Banks and Back Again: The Continuum of Sharing Our Milk to Save Lives.", "journal": "J Hum Lact", "authors": ["Marinelli, Kathleen A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478620", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251148, "title": "COVID-19 in the Nuclear Medicine Department, be prepared for ventilation scans as well!", "journal": "Nucl Med Commun", "authors": ["Zuckier, Lionel S", "Gordon, Sharon R"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403261, "title": "Hand Sanitizers: A Review on Formulation Aspects, Adverse Effects, and Regulations.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Jing, Jane Lee Jia", "Pei Yi, Thong", "Bose, Rajendran J C", "McCarthy, Jason R", "Tharmalingam, Nagendran", "Madheswaran, Thiagarajan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403261", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hand hygiene is of utmost importance as it may be contaminated easily from direct contact with airborne microorganism droplets from coughs and sneezes. Particularly in situations like pandemic outbreak, it is crucial to interrupt the transmission chain of the virus by the practice of proper hand sanitization. It can be achieved with contact isolation and strict infection control tool like maintaining good hand hygiene in hospital settings and in public. The success of the hand sanitization solely depends on the use of effective hand disinfecting agents formulated in various types and forms such as antimicrobial soaps, water-based or alcohol-based hand sanitizer, with the latter being widely used in hospital settings. To date, most of the effective hand sanitizer products are alcohol-based formulations containing 62%-95% of alcohol as it can denature the proteins of microbes and the ability to inactivate viruses. This systematic review correlated with the data available in Pubmed, and it will investigate the range of available hand sanitizers and their effectiveness as well as the formulation aspects, adverse effects, and recommendations to enhance the formulation efficiency and safety. Further, this article highlights the efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizer against the coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32475832, "title": "Response to: 'Patients with lupus with COVID-19: University of Michigan experience' by Wallace et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Mathian, Alexis", "Amoura, Zahir"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475832", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376627, "title": "Design of potent membrane fusion inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2, an emerging coronavirus with high fusogenic activity.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Zhu, Yuanmei", "Yu, Danwei", "Yan, Hongxia", "Chong, Huihui", "He, Yuxian"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376627", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease COVID-19, caused by emerging SARS-CoV-2, has posed serious threats to global public health, economic and social stabilities, calling for the prompt development of therapeutics and prophylactics. In this study, we firstly verified that SARS-CoV-2 uses human ACE2 as a cell receptor and its spike (S) protein mediates high membrane fusion activity. Comparing to that of SARS-CoV, the heptad repeat 1 (HR1) sequence in the S2 fusion protein of SARS-CoV-2 possesses markedly increased \u03b1-helicity and thermostability, as well as a higher binding affinity with its corresponding heptad repeat 2 (HR2) site. Then, we designed a HR2 sequence-based lipopeptide fusion inhibitor, termed IPB02, which showed highly potent activities in inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion and pseudovirus transduction. IPB02 also inhibited the SARS-CoV pseudovirus efficiently. Moreover, the structure and activity relationship (SAR) of IPB02 was characterized with a panel of truncated lipopeptides, revealing the amino acid motifs critical for its binding and antiviral capacities. Therefore, the presented results have provided important information for understanding the entry pathway of SARS-CoV-2 and the design of antivirals that target the membrane fusion step.IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 presents a serious global public health emergency in urgent need of prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. The S protein of coronaviruses mediates viral receptor-binding and membrane fusion thus being considered a critical target for antivirals. Herein, we report that the SARS-CoV-2 S protein evolves a high activity to mediate cell-cell fusion, significantly differing from the S protein of the previously emerged SARS-CoV. In comparison, the HR1 sequence in the fusion protein of SARS-CoV-2 adopts a much higher helical stability and can interact with the HR2 site to form a six-helical bundle structure more efficiently, underlying the mechanism of the enhanced fusion capacity. Also importantly, the design of membrane fusion inhibitors with high potencies against both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV has provided potential arsenals to combat the pandemic and tools to exploit the fusion mechanism."}, {"pmid": 32478398, "title": "Successful smallpox eradication: what can we learn to control COVID-19?", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Heymann, D L", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478398", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229062, "pmcid": "PMC7118544", "title": "Necessitating repeated chest CT in COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Li, Meng", "Zhang, Li-Jing", "Tian, Gui-Hua", "Hao, Xue-Zeng"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229062", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460926, "title": "Developing a guidance resource for managing delirium in patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Meagher, David", "Adamis, Dimitrios", "Timmons, Suzanne", "O'Regan, Niamh A", "O'Keeffe, Shaun", "Kennelly, Sean", "Corby, Catherine", "Meaney, Anna Maria", "Reynolds, Paul", "Mohamad, Mas", "Glynn, Kevin", "O'Sullivan, Roisin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460926", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the Covid-19 pandemic escalates worldwide it is apparent that many patients with more severe illness will also experience delirium. These patients pose a particular challenge in the application of optimal care due to issues with infectious risk, respiratory compromise and potential interactions between medications that can be used to manage delirium with antiviral and other treatments used for Covid-19. We describe a guidance resource adapted from existing guidelines for delirium management that has been tailored to the specific challenge of managing delirium in patients with Covid-19 infection. Issues around the assessment and treatment of these patients are examined and distilled into a simple (one-paged guidance resource that can assist clinicians in managing suspected delirium."}, {"pmid": 32446683, "pmcid": "PMC7211593", "title": "COVID-19 and thrombosis: Beyond a casual association.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Lopez Castro, Jose"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446683", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314697, "pmcid": "PMC7253142", "title": "\"Global Health\": Time to Refocus while We still Have Time.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Bell, David", "Aronoff-Spencer, Eliah"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314697", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Two decades of growing resource availability from agencies and foundations in wealthy countries has transformed approaches to health in poorly resourced nations. This progress looks increasingly unstable as climate change, social unrest, and, now, disruptive pandemics present threats not only to health but also to the mechanisms that manage it, and to funding itself. The growth in \"global health\" schools, technology development laboratories, nongovernmental organizations and multilateral institutions in donor countries has delivered not only successes but also disappointment, and reflect a paradigm that is in many ways contrary to the principles of population-based ownership that they espouse. Although the COVID-19 crisis has underlined the importance of health access and health service capacity, we may have a limited window of opportunity in which to rethink the current model and improve both efficiency and effectiveness. With a dose of humility, we may all benefit from studying our own rhetoric on human-centered design and applying these principles across global health to ensure that our approach is effective, efficient, and defensible."}, {"pmid": 32295694, "title": "COVID-19 vaccination clinical trials should consider multiple doses of BCG.", "journal": "Pharmazie", "authors": ["Ayoub, B M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295694", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343122, "pmcid": "PMC7192204", "title": "Updates on What ACS Reported: Emerging Evidences of COVID-19 with Nervous System Involvement.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Baig, Abdul Mannan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343122", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), our knowledge of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is still in its infancy. Almost every aspect of the pathogen remains largely unknown, ranging from mechanisms involved in infection transmission, interplay with the human immune system, and covert mechanisms of end-organ damage. COVID-19 has manifested itself worldwide with a syndromic appearance that is dominated by respiratory dysregulations. While clinicians are focused on correcting respiratory homeostasis, echoing the original SARS, SARS-CoV-2 is also invading other end-organs, which may not exhibit overt clinical features. Nervous system involvement was not initially considered to play a significant role in patients with COVID-19. However, since this viewpoint was initially published, multiple studies have been released regarding the possible neurovirulence of SARS-CoV-2. In our previous viewpoint, we implored our colleagues to recognize the covert tactics of SARS-CoV-2 and emphasized that symptoms like anosmia, dysgeusia, ataxia, and altered mental status could be early signs of the neurotropic potential of this virus. The past few weeks, after the viewpoint surfaced, it was noticed that it has enabled clinicians and healthcare professionals to compute the neurovirulence associated with SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients, as evidenced by very recently reported studies."}, {"pmid": 32234451, "pmcid": "PMC7176926", "title": "COVID-19, SARS and MERS: are they closely related?", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Petrosillo, N", "Viceconte, G", "Ergonul, O", "Ippolito, G", "Petersen, E"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234451", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a new human coronavirus which is spreading with epidemic features in China and other Asian countries; cases have also been reported worldwide. This novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with a respiratory illness that may lead to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 shows some peculiar pathogenetic, epidemiological and clinical features which to date are not completely understood. To provide a review of the differences in pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19, SARS and MERS. The most recent literature in the English language regarding COVID-19 has been reviewed, and extracted data have been compared with the current scientific evidence about SARS and MERS epidemics. COVID-19 seems not to be very different from SARS regarding its clinical features. However, it has a fatality rate of 2.3%, lower than that of SARS (9.5%) and much lower than that of MERS (34.4%). The possibility cannot be excluded that because of the less severe clinical picture of COVID-19 it can spread in the community more easily than MERS and SARS. The actual basic reproductive number (R0) of COVID-19 (2.0-2.5) is still controversial. It is probably slightly higher than the R0 of SARS (1.7-1.9) and higher than that of MERS (<1). A gastrointestinal route of transmission for SARS-CoV-2, which has been assumed for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, cannot be ruled out and needs further investigation. There is still much more to know about COVID-19, especially as concerns mortality and its capacity to spread on a pandemic level. Nonetheless, all of the lessons we learned in the past from the SARS and MERS epidemics are the best cultural weapons with which to face this new global threat."}, {"pmid": 32313181, "pmcid": "PMC7167532", "title": "Lessons after the early management of the COVID-19 outbreak in a pediatric transplant and hemato-oncology center embedded within a COVID-19 dedicated hospital in Lombardia, Italy. Estote parati.", "journal": "Bone Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Balduzzi, Adriana", "Brivio, Erica", "Rovelli, Attilio", "Rizzari, Carmelo", "Gasperini, Serena", "Melzi, Maria Luisa", "Conter, Valentino", "Biondi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313181", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is the second exposed country worldwide, after China, and Lombardia is the most affected region in Italy, with more than half of the national cases, with 13% of whom being healthcare professionals. The Clinica Pediatrica Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Bicocca is a general pediatric and hematology oncology and transplant center embedded within the designated COVID-19 general Hospital San Gerardo in Monza, located in Lombardia, Italy. Preventive and control measures specifically undertaken to cope with the emergency within hemato-oncology, transplant, and outpatient unit in the pediatric department have been described. Preliminary COVID-19 experiences with the first Italian pediatric hemato-oncology patients are reported. The few available data regarding pediatrics and specifically hemato-oncological patients are discussed. The purpose of this report is to share pediatric hemato-oncology issues encountered in the first few weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy and to alert healthcare professionals worldwide to be prepared accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32450106, "pmcid": "PMC7255193", "title": "Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Zhu, Feng-Cai", "Li, Yu-Hua", "Guan, Xu-Hua", "Hou, Li-Hua", "Wang, Wen-Juan", "Li, Jing-Xin", "Wu, Shi-Po", "Wang, Bu-Sen", "Wang, Zhao", "Wang, Lei", "Jia, Si-Yue", "Jiang, Hu-Dachuan", "Wang, Ling", "Jiang, Tao", "Hu, Yi", "Gou, Jin-Bo", "Xu, Sha-Bei", "Xu, Jun-Jie", "Wang, Xue-Wen", "Wang, Wei", "Chen, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450106", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A vaccine to protect against COVID-19 is urgently needed. We aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 (Ad5) vectored COVID-19 vaccine expressing the spike glycoprotein of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain. We did a dose-escalation, single-centre, open-label, non-randomised, phase 1 trial of an Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine in Wuhan, China. Healthy adults aged between 18 and 60 years were sequentially enrolled and allocated to one of three dose groups (5\u2008\u00d7\u20081010, 1\u2008\u00d7\u20081011, and 1\u00b75\u2008\u00d7\u20081011 viral particles) to receive an intramuscular injection of vaccine. The primary outcome was adverse events in the 7 days post-vaccination. Safety was assessed over 28 days post-vaccination. Specific antibodies were measured with ELISA, and the neutralising antibody responses induced by vaccination were detected with SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralisation and pseudovirus neutralisation tests. T-cell responses were assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot and flow-cytometry assays. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04313127. Between March 16 and March 27, 2020, we screened 195 individuals for eligibility. Of them, 108 participants (51% male, 49% female; mean age 36\u00b73 years) were recruited and received the low dose (n=36), middle dose (n=36), or high dose (n=36) of the vaccine. All enrolled participants were included in the analysis. At least one adverse reaction within the first 7 days after the vaccination was reported in 30 (83%) participants in the low dose group, 30 (83%) participants in the middle dose group, and 27 (75%) participants in the high dose group. The most common injection site adverse reaction was pain, which was reported in 58 (54%) vaccine recipients, and the most commonly reported systematic adverse reactions were fever (50 [46%]), fatigue (47 [44%]), headache (42 [39%]), and muscle pain (18 [17%]. Most adverse reactions that were reported in all dose groups were mild or moderate in severity. No serious adverse event was noted within 28 days post-vaccination. ELISA antibodies and neutralising antibodies increased significantly at day 14, and peaked 28 days post-vaccination. Specific T-cell response peaked at day 14 post-vaccination. The Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine is tolerable and immunogenic at 28 days post-vaccination. Humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 peaked at day 28 post-vaccination in healthy adults, and rapid specific T-cell responses were noted from day 14 post-vaccination. Our findings suggest that the Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine warrants further investigation. National Key R&D Program of China, National Science and Technology Major Project, and CanSino Biologics."}, {"pmid": 32513216, "title": "The Saudi Spine Society guidelines on spinal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Orthop Surg Res", "authors": ["Alturkistany, Ahmed", "Abduljabbar, Fahad H", "Alhelal, Fahad", "Dajim, Nayef Bin", "Khalifah, Salahaddeen", "Konbaz, Faisal", "Aleissa, Sami", "Al-Habib, Amro", "Kattan, Maan", "Alqahtani, Yahya", "Alatassi, Raheef"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513216", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360497, "pmcid": "PMC7189187", "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence is the key factor for deconfinement in France.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Dimeglio, Chloe", "Loubes, Jean-Michel", "Deporte, Benjamin", "Dubois, Martine", "Latour, Justine", "Mansuy, Jean-Michel", "Izopet, Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360497", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new virus, SARS-CoV-2, has spread world-wide since December 2019, probably affecting millions of people and killing thousands. Failure to anticipate the spread of the virus now seriously threatens many health systems. We have designed a model for predicting the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France, which is based on seroprevalence and makes it possible to anticipate the deconfinement strategy."}, {"pmid": 32419711, "pmcid": "PMC7225689", "title": "Health inequity during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cry for ethical global leadership.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chiriboga, David", "Garay, Juan", "Buss, Paulo", "Madrigal, Rocio Saenz", "Rispel, Laetitia Charmaine"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419711", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444415, "title": "Clinical features of rheumatic patients infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Ye, Cong", "Cai, Shaozhe", "Shen, Guifen", "Guan, Hanxiong", "Zhou, Liling", "Hu, Yangyang", "Tu, Wei", "Chen, Yu", "Yu, Yikai", "Wu, Xuefen", "Chen, Yuxue", "Zhong, Jixin", "Dong, Lingli"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444415", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical features of rheumatic patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not been reported. This study aimed to describe the clinical features of COVID-19 in rheumatic patients and provide information for handling this situation in clinical practice. This is a retrospective case series study. Deidentified data, including gender, age, laboratory and radiological results, symptoms, signs, and medication history, were collected from 2326 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, including 21 cases in combination with rheumatic disease, in Tongji Hospital between 13 January and 15 March 2020. Length of hospital stay and mortality rate were similar between rheumatic and non-rheumatic groups, while the presence of respiratory failure was more common in rheumatic cases (38% vs 10%, p<0.001). Symptoms of fever, fatigue and diarrhoea were seen in 76%, 43% and 23% of patients, respectively. There were four rheumatic patients who experienced a flare of rheumatic disease during hospital stay, with symptoms of muscle aches, back pain, joint pain or rash. While lymphocytopaenia was seen in 57% of rheumatic patients, only one patient (5%) presented with leucopenia in rheumatic cases. Rheumatic patients presented with similar radiological features of ground-glass opacity and consolidation. Patients with pre-existing interstitial lung disease showed massive fibrous stripes and crazy-paving signs at an early stage. Five rheumatic cases used hydroxychloroquine before the diagnosis of COVID-19 and none progressed to critically ill stage. Respiratory failure was more common in rheumatic patients infected with COVID-19. Differential diagnosis between COVID-19 and a flare of rheumatic disease should be considered. ChiCTR2000030795."}, {"pmid": 32506640, "title": "Viral Infections and Their Relationship with Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Possible Pathogenic Mechanism of Severe COVID-19 Thrombotic Complications.", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Mendoza-Pinto, Claudia", "Escarcega, Ricardo O", "Garcia-Carrasco, Mario", "Bailey, David J O", "Galvez-Romero, Jose Luis", "Cervera, Ricard"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506640", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has different presentations and outcomes. Severe COVID-19 is commonly complicated by markedly elevated D-dimer, thrombocytopenia and coagulation abnormalities that are considered to be regulated by various pro-inflammatory cytokines and similar to pneumonia induced by other pathogens(1), and are correlated with mortality. Recently, a small case series described aPL antibodies in patients with COVID-19 (2). About 1% of APS patients develop a severe life-threatening clinical condition characterized by multiple thrombosis involving mainly small vessels, which has been described as catastrophic APS (CAPS). Patients with CAPS have in common: 1) clinical evidence of multiple organ involvement developing over a very short period of time; 2) histopathological findings of multiple small vessel occlusions, and 3) laboratory confirmation of the presence of aPL, usually in high titres."}, {"pmid": 32285310, "pmcid": "PMC7153777", "title": "Milan 2020: COVID-19, neuro-oncology and much more.", "journal": "J Neurooncol", "authors": ["Finocchiaro, Gaetano"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285310", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311142, "pmcid": "PMC7264791", "title": "Serological tests facilitate identification of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wu, Xiaodong", "Fu, Bo", "Chen, Lang", "Feng, Yong"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311142", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Wuhan City has ended the lockdown and people have been allowed to resume working since April 8 if meeting a set of COVID-19-associated tests including SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test (NAT) of nasopharyngeal swabs, chest CT scan or a SARS-CoV-2-specific serological test. Here, we reported the positive rate of COVID-19 tests based on NAT, chest CT scan and a serological SARS-CoV-2 test, from April 3 to 15 in one hospital in Qingshan Destrict, Wuhan. We observed a ~10% SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG positive rate from 1,402 tests. Combination of SARS-CoV-2 NAT and a specific serological test might facilitate the detection of COVID-19 infection, or the asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects. Large-scale investigation is required to evaluate the herd immunity of the city, for the resuming people and for the re-opened city. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32402794, "pmcid": "PMC7198150", "title": "A special edition of the Journal of Visceral Surgery on COVID-19: What problems, dangers and solutions have been identified?", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Pocard, M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402794", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271374, "pmcid": "PMC7184513", "title": "Effect of throat washings on detection of 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Guo, Wen-Liang", "Jiang, Qian", "Ye, Feng", "Li, Shao-Qiang", "Hong, Cheng", "Chen, Li-Yan", "Li, Shi-Yue"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271374", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus was detected in the self-collected throat washings. Positive testing rate of throat washing was much higher than that of Nasopharyngeal swabs. Throat washing is a promising candidate for 2019-nCoV screening and monitoring due to its noninvasive and reliability."}, {"pmid": 32267008, "pmcid": "PMC7262023", "title": "Critically ill COVID-19 infected patients exhibit increased clot waveform analysis parameters consistent with hypercoagulability.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Tan, Chuen Wen", "Low, Jenny Guek Hong", "Wong, Wan Hui", "Chua, Ying Ying", "Goh, Sher Li", "Ng, Heng Joo"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267008", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345855, "pmcid": "PMC7199772", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic ARDS Survivors: Pain after the Storm?", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Vittori, Alessandro", "Lerman, Jerrold", "Cascella, Marco", "Gomez-Morad, Andrea D", "Marchetti, Giuliano", "Marinangeli, Franco", "Picardo, Sergio G"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345855", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473232, "pmcid": "PMC7255126", "title": "Strengthening early testing and surveillance of COVID-19 to enhance identification of asymptomatic patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wong, Martin Cs", "Teoh, Jeremy Yc", "Huang, Junjie", "Wong, Sunny H"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473232", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530994, "title": "COVID-19 in a Patient with Liver Cirrhosis.", "journal": "J Gastrointestin Liver Dis", "authors": ["Kreivenaite, Edita", "Gedgaudas, Rolandas", "Valantiene, Irena", "Mickiene, Aukse", "Kupcinskas, Juozas"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530994", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently become a serious issue affecting thousands of people worldwide. It is known that a substantial proportion of patients infected with COVID-19 have abnormal liver function tests; however, the consequences of this information is still not clear. Here we present the first case report of a patient with liver cirrhosis and COVID-19 in our centre. Resolution of COVID-19 symptoms was observed after six days of fever onset. We observed only slight fluctuations of liver enzymes, bilirubin levels and INR without clinical consequences in our case. We suggest testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus on any cirrhotic patient on initial presentation, even without symptoms of COVID-19 in areas where the epidemic was prevalent."}, {"pmid": 32423579, "pmcid": "PMC7251990", "title": "[Pediatric ophthalmology consultations during COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Speeg-Schatz, C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423579", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353537, "pmcid": "PMC7184971", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: Single-Center Experience in Neurosurgical and Neuroradiologic Emergency Network Tailoring.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Agosti, Edoardo", "Giorgianni, Andrea", "Pradella, Rita", "Locatelli, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353537", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311843, "pmcid": "PMC7264532", "title": "Thromboembolic events and apparent heparin resistance in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Lab Hematol", "authors": ["Beun, Robert", "Kusadasi, Nuray", "Sikma, Maaike", "Westerink, Jan", "Huisman, Albert"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311843", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, the global healthcare system is overwhelmed by patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, which is the cause of the coronavirus pandemic (Covid-2019). A large number of these patients end up in the intensive care units (ICU) with critical illness requiring mechanical ventilation. One of the most important clinical features of the infection is a profound coagulopathy. In a recent cohort study 71% of patients who eventually died matched the ISTH criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), while this percentage was only 0.6% in patients who survived."}, {"pmid": 32517783, "title": "COVID-19: desperate times call for desperate measures.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["von During, Stephan", "Primmaz, Steve", "Bendjelid, Karim"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517783", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349014, "pmcid": "PMC7202103", "title": "Medical Students Are Not Essential Workers: Examining Institutional Responsibility During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Menon, Anitha", "Klein, Edwin J", "Kollars, Kate", "Kleinhenz, Alissa L W"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349014", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the evolving COVID-19 pandemic, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) released a joint statement in March 2020 recommending an immediate suspension of medical student participation in direct patient contact. As graduating medical students who will soon begin residency, the authors fully support this recommendation. Though paid health care workers, like residents, nurses, and environmental services staff, are essential to the management of COVID-19 patients, medical students are not. Students' continued involvement in direct patient care will contribute to SARS-CoV-2 exposures and transmissions and will waste already limited personal protective equipment. By decreasing non-essential personnel in health care settings, including medical students, medical schools will contribute to national and global efforts to \"flatten the curve.\"The authors also assert that medical schools are responsible for ensuring medical student safety. Without the protections provided to paid health care workers, students are uniquely disadvantaged within the medical hierarchy; these inequalities must be addressed before medical students are safely reintegrated into clinical roles. Although graduating medical students and institutional leadership may worry that suspending clinical rotations might prevent students from completing graduation requirements, the authors argue the ethical obligation to \"flatten the curve\" supersedes usual teaching responsibilities. Therefore, the authors request further guidance from the LCME and AAMC regarding curricular exemptions/alternatives and adjusted graduation timelines. The pool of graduating medical students affected by this pause in direct patient contact represents a powerful reserve, which may soon need to be utilized as the COVID-19 pandemic continues to challenge the U.S. health care infrastructure."}, {"pmid": 32518921, "pmcid": "PMC7270630", "title": "Rheumatologists rapidly adjust patient care during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Kirby, Tony"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518921", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480013, "pmcid": "PMC7258853", "title": "Management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration during the COVID-19 pandemia.", "journal": "Ophthalmol Retina", "authors": ["Corradetti, Giulia", "Corvi, Federico", "Nguyen, Tieu Vy", "Sadda, SriniVas R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480013", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474371, "pmcid": "PMC7244439", "title": "Rapid implementation and validation of a cold-chain free SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing workflow to support surge capacity.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Bosworth, Andrew", "Whalley, Celina", "Poxon, Charlie", "Wanigasooriya, Kasun", "Pickles, Oliver", "Aldera, Erin L", "Papakonstantinou, Danai", "Morley, Gabriella L", "Walker, Eloise M", "Zielinska, Agnieszka E", "McLoughlin, Dee", "Webster, Craig", "Plant, Tim", "Ellis, Andrew", "Richter, Alex", "Kidd, I Michael", "Beggs, Andrew D"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474371", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020 reports of unidentified severe respiratory illness were described in Wuhan, China. A rapid expansion in cases affecting most countries around the globe led to major changes in the way people live their daily lives. In the United Kingdom, the Department of Health and Social Care directed healthcare providers to establish additional resources to manage the anticipated surge in cases that could overwhelm the health services. A priority area was testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and its detection by qualitative RT-PCR. A laboratory workflow twinning research environment with clinical laboratory capabilities was implemented and validated in the University of Birmingham within 4 days of the project initiation. The diagnostic capability was centred on an IVD CE-marked RT-PCR kit and designed to provide surge capacity to the nearby Queen Elizabeth Hospital. The service was initially tasked with testing healthcare workers (HCW) using throat swabs, and subsequently the process investigated the utility of using saliva as an alternative sample type. Between the 8th April 2020 and the 30th April 2020, the laboratory tested a total of 1282 HCW for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in throat swabs. RNA was detected in 54 % of those who reported symptoms compatible with COVID-19, but in only 4% who were asymptomatic. This capability was established rapidly and utilised a cold-chain free methodology, applicable to a wide range of settings, and which can provide surge capacity and support to clinical laboratories facing increasing pressure during periods of national crisis."}, {"pmid": 32360351, "pmcid": "PMC7177103", "title": "Interventional oncology at the time of COVID-19 pandemic: Problems and solutions.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Imaging", "authors": ["Denys, A", "Guiu, B", "Chevallier, P", "Digklia, A", "de Kerviler, E", "de Baere, T"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360351", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply impacted the activity of interventional oncology in hospitals and cancer centers. In this review based on official recommendations of different international societies, but also on local solutions found in different expert large-volume centers, we discuss the changes that need to be done for the organization, safety, and patient management in interventional oncology. A literature review of potential solutions in a context of scarce anesthesiologic resources, limited staff and limited access to hospital beds are proposed and discussed based on the literature data."}, {"pmid": 32529409, "title": "Breast cancer care during a pandemic: an opportune time for cryoablation?", "journal": "Breast Cancer Res Treat", "authors": ["Holmes, Dennis R"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529409", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cryoablation is a minimally-invasive percutaneous procedure that is capable of reducing the\u00a0psychosocial burden of surgical delay while also decreasing the morbidity of breast cancer therapy. The purpose of this editorial is to discuss the potential role of cryoablation for reducing the psychosocial burden of surgical delay during the COVID-19 pandemic by expediting the management of breast cancer while also lessening demand on limited healthcare resources. This editorial critiques current expert opinion recommendations that aim to reduce viral transmission and preserve healthcare resources during the COVID-19 pandemic by advocating delay of elective breast cancer surgery. The editorial summarizes the current state of the evidence that supports the selective use of cryoablation as a definite or stopgap measure in the management of breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic or when healthcare resources are limited. As an office-based procedure performed under local anesthesia, cryoablation eliminates the need for operating room personnel and equipment while also reducing the psychosocial impact of delayed breast cancer surgery. By reducing the number of patient and healthcare provider interactions, cryoablation not only decreases the risk of viral transmission but also the need for personal protective devices during resource-limited times."}, {"pmid": 32431118, "title": "[CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON COVID-19 IN CHILDREN - CAUTIOUS OPTIMISM].", "journal": "Harefuah", "authors": ["Somekh, Ido", "Somech, Raz"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431118", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of COVID-19 which began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide evolving into a pandemic, poses a global health emergency. As of mid-April over 2 million people have been infected with over 145 thousand casualties. The disease is more severe in the older population, whereas in children lower infection rates and milder symptoms are more common. Severe symptoms in the pediatric population, although uncommon, have been reported mainly in infants younger than 1 year of age. Perinatal transmission is infrequent and associated with a relatively mild illness in the newborn."}, {"pmid": 32488933, "title": "N95 respirator, COVID-19, and health care worker.", "journal": "Int Wound J", "authors": ["Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488933", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268044, "title": "Protecting Our Longevity Dividend During Covid-19", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["O'Neill, D"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268044", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435059, "pmcid": "PMC7239689", "title": "A suspicious role of interferon in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 by enhancing expression of ACE2.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Su, Shan", "Jiang, Shibo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435059", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461658, "title": "The epic battle against coronavirus misinformation and conspiracy theories.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ball, Philip", "Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461658", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502118, "title": "Deployment of a computerized ward visitor registration system in coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic: Experiences of a large academic medical center in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Hsu, Chia-An", "Yuan, Eunice J", "Fen, Jun-Jeng", "Lee, Chung-Yuan", "Ming, Jin-Lain", "Chen, Tzeng-Ji", "Lee, Wui-Chiang", "Chen, Shih-Ann"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502118", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Visitors to hospitalized patients during an epidemic might themselves be carriers and are therefore likely to spread the disease in wards. Although measures were taken to restrict hospital visits, traditional paper-based registration is insufficient to screen and monitor the numbers of visitors to a large hospital. Throughout March 2020, during the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis, a computer system was deployed in the 2800-bed Taipei Veterans General Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan) to register, screen, and monitor inpatient visitors. This system comprised three parts: online registration form, entrance check-in interface, and registration database. The early utilization of this newly deployed system was then analyzed. A total of 22,336 visits were recorded between March 11, 2020, and March 31, 2020, with 1064 a day on average. Out of these visits, 18.1% (n = 4049) had made online reservations within 48 hours. On the other hand, of all 4941 online reservations, 18.1% (n = 892) were no-shows. In the last 12 days of the study period, eight prospective visitors were identified as ineligible by the computer system, and so their visits were denied. Using a computer system, the hospital was able to enforce restrictions on hospital visits. Although the online registration system had not been fully used yet in the early phase of adoption, its superiority from the standpoint of disease control should enable hospital managers to consider abolishing on-site visitor registration."}, {"pmid": 32312544, "pmcid": "PMC7164868", "title": "Advice Regarding Systemic Therapy in Patients with Urological Cancers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Gillessen, Silke", "Powles, Thomas"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312544", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The risk/benefit ratio of a number of palliative and (neo)adjuvant treatments should be reconsidered during the COVID-19 pandemic. We provide treatment advice as a pragmatic perspective on the risk/benefit ratio in specific clinical scenarios."}, {"pmid": 32422077, "pmcid": "PMC7249506", "title": "COVID-19 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker Therapy.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Kussmaul, William G 3rd"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422077", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232520, "pmcid": "PMC7105959", "title": "Facing a disruptive threat: how can a nuclear medicine service be prepared for the coronavirus outbreak 2020?", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Lam, Winnie Wing-Chuen", "Loke, Kelvin Siu-Hoong", "Wong, Wai Yin", "Ng, David Chee-Eng"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232520", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this short communication is to outline our experience in policies and processes of a nuclear medicine service during the COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore. We describe the key considerations of policies and processes that have been implemented in our nuclear medicine service since the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Singapore General Hospital on 23 January 2020, up to the present time. Infection control, screening of patients and visitors, segregation of risk groups, segregation of staff and service continuity plans, communication and staff welfare, using electronic platforms for multi-disciplinary meetings and tele-reporting are discussed. Since our hospital received the first patient with COVID-19 in Singapore, our centre has managed 16 COVID-19 cases to date. There has not been any healthcare worker in our institution who has contracted COVID-19 through patient contact. We have highlighted for discussion some of the policies and processes to prepare a nuclear medicine service for the COVID-19 threat."}, {"pmid": 32500922, "title": "Failed antibody response in a renal transplant recipient with SARS-CoV-2 infected.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xia, Zhiping", "Liu, Xiaojun", "Hu, Xiaoyan", "Zhong, Zibiao", "Wang, Yanfeng", "Peng, Guizhu", "Ye, Qifa"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500922", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as a novel pathogen causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, subsequently spread to the rest of China and has been demonstrating a rapid global spread. Nucleic acid testing (NAT, tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction) of SARS-CoV-2 virus in oropharyngeal/nasal swab samples has been described to be extremely sensitive for the diagnose of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but false-negative results have been reported. Recent months, researches demonstrated the importance of IgM/IgG antibody detecting due to the unsatisfied positive rate of NAT, and the increasement IgM/IgG antibody was considered as a confirmed criteria of diagnosis in the official guides of the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in China (7th Edition) ."}, {"pmid": 32386808, "pmcid": "PMC7252005", "title": "Prevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among emergency department employees.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Madsen, Troy", "Levin, Nicholas", "Niehus, Karla", "Law, Karen", "Mayer, Jeanmarie", "Chapman, Matthew", "Johnson, Austin", "Hartsell, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386808", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207592, "title": "[Anesthesia management in cesarean section for a patient with coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Kang, Xianhui", "Zhang, Rong", "He, Huiliang", "Yao, Yongxing", "Zheng, Yueying", "Wen, Xiaohong", "Zhu, Shengmei"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207592", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects the cardio-pulmonary function of pregnant women, the anesthetic management in the cesarean section for the patients, as well as the protection for medical staff is significantly different from that in ordinary surgical operation. This paper reports a pregnant woman with COVID-19, for whom a cesarean section was successfully performed in our hospital on February 8, 2020. Anesthetic management, protection of medical staff and psychological intervention for the patients during the operation are discussed. Importance should be attached to the preoperative evaluation of pregnant women with COVID-19 and the implementation of anesthesia plan. For ordinary COVID-19 patients intraspinal anesthesia is preferred in cesarean section, and the influence on respiration and circulation in both maternal and infant should be reduced; while for severe or critically ill patients general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation should be adopted. The safety of medical environment should be ensured, and level-\u2162 standard protection should be taken for anesthetists. Special attention and support should be given to maternal psychology. It is important to give full explanation before operation to reduce anxiety; to relieve the discomfort during operation to reduce tension; to avoid the bad mood of patients due to pain after operation."}, {"pmid": 32043978, "pmcid": "PMC7128127", "title": "Pandemic potential of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Thompson, Robin"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32043978", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32175703, "title": "COVID-19 in the Shadows of MERS-CoV in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.", "journal": "J Epidemiol Glob Health", "authors": ["Barry, Mazin", "Al Amri, Maha", "Memish, Ziad A"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175703", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has plagued the Middle East since it was first reported in 2012. Recently, at the end of December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases were reported from Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China, linked to a wet seafood market with a new coronavirus identified as the etiologic agent currently named SARS-CoV-2. Most cases are in Mainland China with international spread to 25 countries. The novelty of the virus, the rapid national and international spread, and the lack of therapeutic and preventative strategies have led the WHO International Health Regulation emergency committee to declare the disease as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020. As it relates to countries with the ongoing MERS-CoV community cases and hospital acquired infections, there will be a huge challenge for HCWs to deal with both coronaviruses, especially with the lack of standardized and approved point of care testing. This challenge will now be faced by the whole global health community dealing with COVID-19 since both coronaviruses have similar presentation. Those patients should now be tested for both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 simultaneously, and with the continuing wide international spread of SARS-CoV-2, the travel history to China in the last 14 days will be of less significance."}, {"pmid": 32087334, "pmcid": "PMC7079563", "title": "The epidemic of 2019-novel-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia and insights for emerging infectious diseases in the future.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Li, Jin-Yan", "You, Zhi", "Wang, Qiong", "Zhou, Zhi-Jian", "Qiu, Ye", "Luo, Rui", "Ge, Xing-Yi"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087334", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, caused an outbreak of pneumonia spreading from Wuhan, Hubei province, to the whole country of China, which has posed great threats to public health and attracted enormous attention around the world. To date, there are no clinically approved vaccines or antiviral drugs available for these human coronavirus infections. Intensive research on the novel emerging human infectious coronaviruses is urgently needed to elucidate their route of transmission and pathogenic mechanisms, and to identify potential drug targets, which would promote the development of effective preventive and therapeutic countermeasures. Herein, we describe the epidemic and etiological characteristics of 2019-nCoV, discuss its essential biological features, including tropism and receptor usage, summarize approaches for disease prevention and treatment, and speculate on the transmission route of 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32520076, "title": "Knowledge of and attitudes toward COVID-19 among parents of child dental patients during the outbreak.", "journal": "Braz Oral Res", "authors": ["Sun, Jin", "Xu, Yan", "Qu, Qian", "Luo, Wei"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520076", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of and attitudes toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the parents of child dental patients in Shenzhen during the outbreak. A structured questionnaire containing 10 questions was used, and each question had 2 or 3 possible answers. The parents of children (aged 0-14 years) who visited the dental department of our hospital last year were eligible to participate in this study. A total of 148 parents were interviewed by telephone in February 2020 by research staff. A total of 94.59% of the parents said they paid high attention to COVID-19 and explained it to their children; 66.22% thought the dental department environment was more dangerous than other public places; 91.89% believed the dental department had a higher risk of virus infection; and 83.78% said they would take their children to a dental department if the children had a severe toothache. Approximately 81.08% of the parents expressed confidence after we informed them about the preventive measures taken in the dental department to ensure safe treatment for their children. In conclusion, all parents were concerned about COVID-19, and most of them had talked about it with their children often. In addition, a considerable percentage of them would not take their children to the dental department even if they had severe dental pain and thought that the dental environment could be more dangerous than other environments. More information about this topic should be delivered to this population."}, {"pmid": 32402061, "pmcid": "PMC7239232", "title": "Clinical Performance of Two SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Tang, Mei San", "Hock, Karl G", "Logsdon, Nicole M", "Hayes, Jennifer E", "Gronowski, Ann M", "Anderson, Neil W", "Farnsworth, Christopher W"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402061", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a rapid proliferation of serologic assays. However, little is known about their clinical performance. Here, we compared two commercial SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays. 103 specimens from 48 patients with PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and 153 control specimens were analyzed using SARS-CoV-2 serologic assays by Abbott and EUROIMMUN (EI). Duration from symptom onset was determined by medical record review. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and concordance were calculated. The Abbott SARS-CoV-2 assay had a diagnostic specificity of 99.4% (95% CI; 96.41-99.98%), and sensitivity of 0.0% (95% CI; 0.00-26.47%) at <3 days post symptom onset, 30.0% (95% CI; 11.89-54.28) at 3-7d, 47.8% (95% CI; 26.82-69.41) at 8-13d and 93.8% (95% CI; 82.80-98.69) at \u226514d. Diagnostic specificity on the EI assay was 94.8% (95% CI; 89.96-97.72) if borderline results were considered positive and 96.7% (95% CI; 92.54-98.93) if borderline results were considered negative. The diagnostic sensitivity was 0.0% (95% CI; 0.00-26.47%) at <3d, 25.0% (95% CI; 8.66-49.10) at 3-7d, 56.5% (95% CI; 34.49-76.81) at 3-7d and 85.4% (95% CI; 72.24-93.93) at \u226514d if borderline results were considered positive. The qualitative concordance between the assays was 0.83 (95% CI; 0.75-0.91). The Abbott SARS-CoV-2 assay had fewer false positive and false negative results than the EI assay. However, diagnostic sensitivity was poor in both assays during the first 14 days of symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32327199, "pmcid": "PMC7129041", "title": "World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology Position Statement: How to Perform a Safe Ultrasound Examination and Clean Equipment in the Context of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ultrasound Med Biol", "authors": ["Abramowicz, J S", "Basseal, J M"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327199", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303395, "pmcid": "PMC7156245", "title": "Response and Operating Room Preparation for the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Perspective From the National Heart Centre in Singapore.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Tan, Zihui", "Phoon, Priscilla Hui Yi", "Zeng, Ling Antonia", "Fu, Jing", "Lim, Xiao Ting", "Tan, Teing Ee", "Loh, Kenny Wei-Tsen", "Goh, Meng Huat"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303395", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease from a novel coronavirus that was first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, is now a public health emergency and pandemic. Singapore, as a major international transportation hub in Asia, has been one of the worst hit countries by the disease. With the advent of local transmission, the authors share their preparation and response planning for the operating room of the National Heart Centre Singapore, the largest cardiothoracic tertiary center in Singapore. Protection of staff and patients, environmental concerns, and other logistic and equipment issues are considered."}, {"pmid": 32395567, "pmcid": "PMC7211691", "title": "Imaging in corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-A scoping review.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol Open", "authors": ["Jajodia, Ankush", "Ebner, Lukas", "Heidinger, Benedikt", "K, Chaturvedi Arvind", "Prosch, Helmut"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395567", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) originated in the Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in November 2019 and has since been declared a pandemic by the WHO. COVID-19 is an acute infectious disease, primarily affecting the respiratory system. Currently, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) performed on respiratory specimens is considered the reference by which to diagnose COVID-19. However, the limitations of RT-PCR, specifically, the fact that it is time-consuming and inadequate for the assessment of disease severity, have affected the process of epidemiological disease containment and has taken a toll on the healthcare management chain. As the risk of infection for other patients and personnel must be kept to a minimum, the indications for imaging have to be carefully considered. Imaging is primarily performed in patients with a negative RT-PCR, but a high clinical suspicion of COVID-19, or, in patients with diagnosed COVID-19 who are suffering from moderate to severe symptoms. In this article, we review the typical imaging findings in COVID-19, the differential diagnoses, and common complications."}, {"pmid": 32467353, "title": "Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Wang, Yu", "Tian, Huaiyu", "Zhang, Li", "Zhang, Man", "Guo, Dandan", "Wu, Wenting", "Zhang, Xingxing", "Kan, Ge Lin", "Jia, Lei", "Huo, Da", "Liu, Baiwei", "Wang, Xiaoli", "Sun, Ying", "Wang, Quanyi", "Yang, Peng", "MacIntyre, C Raina"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467353", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501493, "title": "Admissions to Veterans Affairs Hospitals for Emergency Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Baum, Aaron", "Schwartz, Mark D"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501493", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424417, "title": "Doctor of Physical Therapy Education in a Hybrid Learning Environment: Reimagining the Possibilities and Navigating a \"New Normal\".", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Gagnon, Kendra", "Young, Brian", "Bachman, Teresa", "Longbottom, Thomas", "Severin, Richard", "Walker, Michael J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424417", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Professional physical therapist education has experienced a transformation over the last few decades, moving to a doctoring profession with more autonomy and a broader scope of practice. These changes have occurred in parallel with systemic and structural changes in health care and higher education, both of which have experienced challenges with improving access and controlling costs, and have become a centerpiece of legislative and political discourse. At the same time, advances in technology have introduced new possibilities in education, with the emergence of online, blended, and \"flipped\" learning models that supplement or replace face-to-face instruction with distance learning. Hybrid education is a type of blended learning, utilizing both face-to-face and online instructional strategies. In a hybrid learning environment, online content may be delivered synchronously or asynchronously, replacing traditional face-to-face instructional time and reducing \"seat time\" for students. Recent attention has been brought to online and hybrid/blended learning in physical therapist education in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, as programs have been required to abruptly move from face to face to remote instruction. Hybrid and other forms of blended learning strategies have been described at the physical therapist education course level. However, there is no literature describing hybrid learning implementation at the physical therapist education program levsel, and there has been limited discussion on best practices for delivering hybrid, blended, and online instruction in physical therapist education. This perspective provides an overview of hybrid education, describes theoretical frameworks that guide implementation of a hybrid education curriculum, and discusses future directions for hybrid physical therapist education and educational research."}, {"pmid": 32507776, "title": "COVID-19 Epidemic: Possibility of Artificial Intelligence in Infection Control and Prevention.", "journal": "J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Qi, Zhao-Yao", "Zhao, Pei-Yuan", "Geng, Shao-Hui", "Yi, Huai-Min", "Yang, Li-Ping"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507776", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324101, "pmcid": "PMC7233406", "title": "Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Thromboembolic Complications in COVID-19: Report of the National Institute for Public Health of the Netherlands.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Oudkerk, Matthijs", "Buller, Harry R", "Kuijpers, Dirkjan", "van Es, Nick", "Oudkerk, Sitse F", "McLoud, Theresa C", "Gommers, Diederik", "van Dissel, Jaap", "Ten Cate, Hugo", "van Beek, Edwin J"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324101", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A potential link between mortality, D-dimer values and a prothrombotic syndrome has been reported in patients with COVID-19 infection. The National Institute for Public Health of the Netherlands asked a group of Radiology and Vascular Medicine experts to provide guidance for the imaging workup and treatment of these important complications. This report summarizes evidence for thromboembolic disease, potential diagnostic and preventive actions as well as recommendations for patients with COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32222911, "pmcid": "PMC7101875", "title": "Providing pharmacy services during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharm", "authors": ["Liu, Shao", "Luo, Ping", "Tang, Mimi", "Hu, Qin", "Polidoro, Joseph P", "Sun, Shusen", "Gong, Zhicheng"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222911", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is quickly spreading across China and globally. Pharmacy services are an important\u00a0pillar in public health to prevent and contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Chinese pharmacists have acted swiftly in the public health response in China, such as drafting professional service guidance to pharmacists and pharmacies, establishing emergency drug formularies, monitoring and resolving drug shortages, establishing remote pharmacy services to prevent human-to-human infections, providing event-driven pharmaceutical care, educating the public on infection prevention and disease management, and participating in clinical trials and drug evaluation. This commentary reviews the unique needs of pharmacy services in the COVID-19 pandemic, and shares our experiences with the international pharmacy community in the response to these needs."}, {"pmid": 32307029, "pmcid": "PMC7191257", "title": "The importance of initial response during outbreaks: A perspective from observations on COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Yeo, Yao Yu", "Ganem, Bruce"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307029", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343497, "pmcid": "PMC7224608", "title": "Reduced Rate of Hospital Admissions for ACS during Covid-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["De Filippo, Ovidio", "D'Ascenzo, Fabrizio", "Angelini, Filippo", "Bocchino, Pier Paolo", "Conrotto, Federico", "Saglietto, Andrea", "Secco, Gioel Gabrio", "Campo, Gianluca", "Gallone, Guglielmo", "Verardi, Roberto", "Gaido, Luca", "Iannaccone, Mario", "Galvani, Marcello", "Ugo, Fabrizio", "Barbero, Umberto", "Infantino, Vincenzo", "Olivotti, Luca", "Mennuni, Marco", "Gili, Sebastiano", "Infusino, Fabio", "Vercellino, Matteo", "Zucchetti, Ottavio", "Casella, Gianni", "Giammaria, Massimo", "Boccuzzi, Giacomo", "Tolomeo, Paolo", "Doronzo, Baldassarre", "Senatore, Gaetano", "Grosso Marra, Walter", "Rognoni, Andrea", "Trabattoni, Daniela", "Franchin, Luca", "Borin, Andrea", "Bruno, Francesco", "Galluzzo, Alessandro", "Gambino, Alfonso", "Nicolino, Annamaria", "Truffa Giachet, Alessandra", "Sardella, Gennaro", "Fedele, Francesco", "Monticone, Silvia", "Montefusco, Antonio", "Omede, Pierluigi", "Pennone, Mauro", "Patti, Giuseppe", "Mancone, Massimo", "De Ferrari, Gaetano M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343497", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330297, "pmcid": "PMC7264525", "title": "Optimization of group size in pool testing strategy for SARS-CoV-2: A simple mathematical model.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Aragon-Caqueo, Diego", "Fernandez-Salinas, Javier", "Laroze, David"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330297", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has reached unprecedented pandemic levels and is affecting almost every country in the world. Ramping up the testing capacity of a country supposes an essential public health response to this new outbreak. A pool testing strategy where multiple samples are tested in a single reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kit could potentially increase a country's testing capacity. The aim of this study is to propose a simple mathematical model to estimate the optimum number of pooled samples according to the relative prevalence of positive tests in a particular healthcare context, assuming that if a group tests negative, no further testing is done whereas if a group tests positive, all the subjects of the group are retested individually. The model predicts group sizes that range from 11 to 3 subjects. For a prevalence of 10% of positive tests, 40.6% of tests can be saved using testing groups of four subjects. For a 20% prevalence, 17.9% of tests can be saved using groups of three subjects. For higher prevalences, the strategy flattens and loses effectiveness. Pool testing individuals for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a valuable strategy that could considerably boost a country's testing capacity. However, further studies are needed to address how large these groups can be, without losing sensitivity on the RT-PCR. The strategy best works in settings with a low prevalence of positive tests. It is best implemented in subgroups with low clinical suspicion. The model can be adapted to specific prevalences, generating a tailored to the context implementation of the pool testing strategy."}, {"pmid": 32362428, "pmcid": "PMC7192575", "title": "Lessons learned from chest CT in COVID-19.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Imaging", "authors": ["Soyer, P"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362428", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473399, "pmcid": "PMC7255238", "title": "Biophotonic telemedicine for disease diagnosis and monitoring during pandemics: overcoming COVID-19 and shaping the future of healthcare.", "journal": "Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther", "authors": ["Nogueira, Marcelo Saito"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473399", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322034, "title": "Hundreds of people volunteer to be infected with coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322034", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426069, "pmcid": "PMC7231482", "title": "Incorporating telehealth to improve neurosurgical training during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Miranda, Stephen P", "Glauser, Gregory", "Wathen, Connor", "Blue, Rachel", "Dimentberg, Ryan", "Welch, William C", "Grady, M Sean", "Schuster, James M", "Malhotra, Neil R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426069", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32163542, "pmcid": "PMC7081173", "title": "Histopathologic Changes and SARS-CoV-2 Immunostaining in the Lung of a Patient With COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Huilan", "Zhou, Peng", "Wei, Yanqiu", "Yue, Huihui", "Wang, Yi", "Hu, Ming", "Zhang, Shu", "Cao, Tanze", "Yang, Chengqing", "Li, Ming", "Guo, Guangyun", "Chen, Xianxiang", "Chen, Ying", "Lei, Mei", "Liu, Huiguo", "Zhao, Jianping", "Peng, Peng", "Wang, Cong-Yi", "Du, Ronghui"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32163542", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395951, "title": "[Ethical principles compromised during the COVID-19 pandemic?]", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Bakker, Marleen", "van de Vathorst, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395951", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the late 1970s, the American bioethicists Tom Beauchamp and James Childress described the four ethical principles that should guide a physician's actions in individual patient care. These principles are: (a) respect for autonomy; (b) doing well (beneficence); (c) not harming (non-maleficence); and (d) justice. In many countries, the global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has led to overloaded healthcare systems due to large numbers of COVID-19 patients. In order to provide care to this high volume of patients, far-reaching measures are taken that affect everyone. These measures are not taken from an individual patient's perspective but in the interest of public health; nonetheless, they can directly affect the individual patient's interests. This article examines the extent to which Beauchamp and Childress' ethical principles may be compromised during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32282026, "title": "Call to action for the cardiovascular side of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Emanueli, Costanza", "Badimon, Lina", "Martelli, Fabio", "Potocnjak, Ines", "Carpusca, Irina", "Robinson, Emma L", "Devaux, Yvan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282026", "topics": ["General Info", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490966, "title": "Neurological complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review.", "journal": "Arq Neuropsiquiatr", "authors": ["Munhoz, Renato Puppi", "Pedroso, Jose Luiz", "Nascimento, Fabio Augusto", "Almeida, Sergio Monteiro de", "Barsottini, Orlando Graziani Povoas", "Cardoso, Francisco Eduardo C", "Teive, Helio A Ghizoni"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490966", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds worldwide, different forms of reports have described its neurologic manifestations. To review the literature on neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Literature search performed following systematic reviews guidelines, using specific keywords based on the COVID-19 neurological complications described up to May 10th, 2020. A total of 43 articles were selected, including data ranging from common, non-specific symptoms, such as hyposmia and myalgia, to more complex and life-threatening conditions, such as cerebrovascular diseases, encephalopathies, and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Recognition of neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 should be emphasized despite the obvious challenges faced by clinicians caring for critical patients who are often sedated and presenting other concurrent systemic complications."}, {"pmid": 32339251, "pmcid": "PMC7267452", "title": "The importance of hypertension as a risk factor for severe illness and mortality in COVID-19.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Cook, T M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339251", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402140, "pmcid": "PMC7235521", "title": "SARS coronavirus 2; how many more examples do we need before the world commits to decisive action?", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Griffiths, P D"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349932, "pmcid": "PMC7172903", "title": "Surgical Volume, Safety, Drug Administration, and Clinical Trials During COVID-19: Single-center Experience in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Wang, Hongkai", "Wu, Junlong", "Wei, Yu", "Zhu, Yao", "Ye, Dingwei"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349932", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300370, "pmcid": "PMC7148425", "title": "Can an effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine be developed for the older population?", "journal": "Immun Ageing", "authors": ["Pawelec, Graham", "Weng, Nan-Ping"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300370", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its inordinately rapid spread is posing severe challenges to the wellbeing of millions of people worldwide, health care systems and the global economy. While many younger people experience no or mild symptoms on infection, older adults are highly susceptible to life-threatening respiratory and systemic conditions which demand a full understanding and leveraging of knowledge of the differences between immunity in young and old people. Consequently, we welcome papers addressing any issues relevant to immunity and ageing in the context of SARS-CoV-2, and will endeavour to fast-track peer-review. We aim to provide a platform exclusively for discussions of individual and age differences in susceptibility and immune responses to COVID caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and how to prevent or reduce severity of disease in older adults."}, {"pmid": 32226636, "pmcid": "PMC7100419", "title": "Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Tan, Li", "Wang, Qi", "Zhang, Duanyang", "Ding, Jinya", "Huang, Qianchuan", "Tang, Yi-Quan", "Wang, Qiongshu", "Miao, Hongming"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226636", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32374542, "title": "[COVID-19 and pregnancy].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Masmejan, Sophie", "Pomar, Leo", "Lepigeon, Karine", "Favre, Guillaume", "Baud, David", "Rieder, Wawrzyniec"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374542", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented worldwide health crisis. The increased vulnerability of pregnant women as well as past experience from previous coronavirus epidemics are cause for concern of maternal and fetal complications. The rapid outbreak of the disease combined with the uncertainty, as a direct result of the lack of strong scientific data, has forced obstetricians to adapt their current practices pragmatically. This article reviews obstetrical management of pregnant patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 based on the current knowledge."}, {"pmid": 32447945, "title": "[Understanding and suggestion on prevention and control of COVID-19 infection in hematological wards].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hong, M", "Fang, Y", "Xia, L H"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447945", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490832, "title": "Radiological approach to COVID-19 pneumonia: Attention should be paid to pulmonary embolism and radiation exposure.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Ufuk, Furkan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490832", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417594, "pmcid": "PMC7227565", "title": "Supplements for COVID-19: A modifiable environmental risk.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Young, Trevor K", "Zampella, John G"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417594", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344311, "pmcid": "PMC7195133", "title": "2019-nCoV-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: Cruciality of Furin and relevance with cancer.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Usul Afsar, Cigdem"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344311", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381513, "title": "Covid-19: Number of Germans infected could be 10 times higher than official estimates.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Stafford, Ned"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381513", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221002, "title": "Can companion animals become infected with Covid-19?", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Almendros, Angel"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221002", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364959, "pmcid": "PMC7172864", "title": "Diagnostic performance between CT and initial real-time RT-PCR for clinically suspected 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients outside Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["He, Jian-Long", "Luo, Lin", "Luo, Zhen-Dong", "Lyu, Jian-Xun", "Ng, Ming-Yen", "Shen, Xin-Ping", "Wen, Zhibo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364959", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chest CT is thought to be sensitive but less specific in diagnosing the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The diagnostic value of CT is unclear. We aimed to compare the performance of CT and initial RT-PCR for clinically suspected COVID-19 patients outside the epicentre-Wuhan, China. Patients clinically suspected of COVID-19 infection who underwent initial RT-PCR and chest CT at the same time were retrospectively enrolled. Two radiologists with specific training reviewed the CT images independently and final diagnoses of the presence or absence of COVID-19 was reached by consensus. With serial RT-PCR as reference standard, the performance of initial RT-PCR and chest CT was analysed. A strategy of combining initial RT-PCR and chest CT was analysed to study the additional benefit. 82 patients admitted to hospital between Jan 10, 2020 to Feb 28, 2020 were enrolled. 34 COVID-19 and 48 non-COVID-19 patients were identified by serial RT-PCR. The sensitivity, specificity was 79% (27/34) and 100% (48/48) for initial RT-PCR and 77% (26/34) and 96% (46/48) for chest CT. The image readers had a good interobserver agreement with Cohen's kappa of 0.69. No statistical difference was found in the diagnostic performance between initial RT-PCR and chest CT. The comprehensive strategy had a higher sensitivity of 94% (32/34). Initial RT-PCR and chest CT had comparable diagnostic performance in identification of suspected COVID-19 patients outside the epidemic center. To compensate potential risk of false-negative PCR, chest CT should be applied for clinically suspected patients with negative initial RT-PCR."}, {"pmid": 32326998, "pmcid": "PMC7211799", "title": "Ethical considerations of the duty to care and physician safety in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Bakewell, Francis", "Pauls, Merril A", "Migneault, David"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326998", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275300, "title": "Suicide Mortality and Coronavirus Disease 2019-A Perfect Storm?", "journal": "JAMA Psychiatry", "authors": ["Reger, Mark A", "Stanley, Ian H", "Joiner, Thomas E"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275300", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32258207, "pmcid": "PMC7111600", "title": "High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin as a Therapeutic Option for Deteriorating Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cao, Wei", "Liu, Xiaosheng", "Bai, Tao", "Fan, Hongwei", "Hong, Ke", "Song, Hui", "Han, Yang", "Lin, Ling", "Ruan, Lianguo", "Li, Taisheng"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32258207", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly in China. Until now, no definite effective treatment has been identified. We reported on 3 patients with severe COVID-19 who received high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) with satisfactory recovery. Based on these observations, randomized studies of high-dose IVIg should be considered in deteriorating patients infected with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32319433, "title": "[CoViD-19: we knew everything but we didn't understand anything.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Addis, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319433", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The CoViD-19 and its consequences could perhaps have been foreseen. Above all, this pandemic force us to review what is essential and really necessary in term of priorities and regulatory process for clinical pharmacological research. It is evident, among other things, the difficulty to deal with therapeutic uncertainties.Not proven specific therapies are available for the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the cause of CoViD-19), other than supportive care. However, several clinical centres decided to use off label drugs as a standard of care in the absence of efficacy and safety data. The national regulatory body (AIFA) has set up a process in a short time to transparently govern the approval of new trials and to regulate the use of medicines that are not indicated. In this context, the communication of risk associated with experimental therapies was also very important. The lessons we will learn from this emergency may result crucial in redesigning a better way of conducting clinical trials and information on drugs."}, {"pmid": 32466598, "title": "Metabolic Impacts of Confinement during the COVID-19 Pandemic Due to Modified Diet and Physical Activity Habits.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Martinez-Ferran, Maria", "de la Guia-Galipienso, Fernando", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian", "Pareja-Galeano, Helios"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466598", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the detrimental effects of a chronic positive energy balance due to a sedentary lifestyle have been well established, the impacts of a short period of abruptly reduced physical activity and overeating arising from strict confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic will soon start to emerge. To reasonably anticipate major consequences according to the available evidence, we hereby review the literature for studies that have explored the health impacts of several weeks of a reduction in physical activity and daily step-count combined with modified eating habits. These studies identify as main metabolic consequences increases in insulin resistance, total body fat, abdominal fat and inflammatory cytokines. All these factors have been strongly associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, which in turn increases the risk of multiple chronic diseases. A plausible mechanism involved in these impacts could be a positive energy balance promoted by maintaining usual dietary intake while reducing energy expenditure. This means that just as calorie intake restriction could help mitigate the deleterious impacts of a bout of physical inactivity, overeating under conditions of home confinement is very likely to exacerbate these consequences. Moreover, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease have been identified as potential risk factors for more severely ill patients with COVID-19. Thus, adequate control of metabolic disorders could be important to reduce the risk of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32330428, "pmcid": "PMC7173816", "title": "Hospital-based use of thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Spyropoulos, Alex C", "Ageno, Walter", "Barnathan, Elliot S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330428", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459851, "title": "Stress-induced cardiac arrest with mitral annulus disjunction in a physician amid the COVID-19 pandemic fight.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Marona, Milosz", "Celinska-Spodar, Malgorzata", "Spiewak, Mateusz", "Konopka, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459851", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473239, "pmcid": "PMC7253970", "title": "A letter to the editor on \"World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Perez-Campos Mayoral, Laura", "Hernandez-Huerta, Maria Teresa", "Mayoral-Andrade, Gabriel", "Perez-Campos Mayoral, Eduardo", "Perez-Campos, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473239", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313880, "pmcid": "PMC7166201", "title": "PAK1-blockers: Potential Therapeutics against COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Maruta, Hiroshi", "He, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313880", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "PAK1 (RAC/CDC42-activated kinase 1) is the major \"pathogenic\" kinase whose abnormal activation causes a wide variety of diseases/disorders including cancers, inflammation, malaria and pandemic viral infection including influenza, HIV and COVID-19. Since Louis Pateur who developed a vaccine against rabies in 1885, in general a series of \"specific\" vaccines have been used for treatment of viral infection, mainly because antibiotics in general are ineffective for treatment of viral infection. However, it takes 12-18\u202fmonths till the effective vaccine becomes available. Until then ventilator (O2 supplier) would be the most common tool for saving the life of COVID-19 patients. Thus, as alternative potentially more direct \"broad-spectrum\" COVID-19 therapeutics, several natural and synthetic PAK1-blockers such as propolis, melatonin, ciclesonide, hydroxy chloroquine (HQ), ivermection, and ketorolac, which are readily available in the market, are introduced here."}, {"pmid": 32195699, "pmcid": "PMC7155907", "title": "Perioperative Management of Patients Infected with the Novel Coronavirus: Recommendation from the Joint Task Force of the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology and the Chinese Association of Anesthesiologists.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Chen, Xiangdong", "Liu, Yanhong", "Gong, Yahong", "Guo, Xiangyang", "Zuo, Mingzhang", "Li, Jun", "Shi, Wenzhu", "Li, Hao", "Xu, Xiaohan", "Mi, Weidong", "Huang, Yuguang"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195699", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the new Coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has been involved in 77,262 cases in China as well as in 27 other countries as of February 24, 2020. Because the virus is novel to human beings, and there is no vaccine yet available, every individual is susceptible and can become infected. Healthcare workers are at high risk, and unfortunately, more than 3,000 healthcare workers in China have been infected. Anesthesiologists are among healthcare workers who are at an even higher risk of becoming infected because of their close contact with infected patients and high potential of exposure to respiratory droplets or aerosol from their patients' airways. In order to provide healthcare workers with updated recommendations on the management of patients in the perioperative setting as well as for emergency airway management outside of the operating room, the two largest anesthesia societies, the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology (CSA) and the Chinese Association of Anesthesiologists (CAA) have formed a task force to produce the recommendations. The task force hopes to help healthcare workers, particularly anesthesiologists, optimize the care of their patients and protect patients, healthcare workers, and the public from becoming infected. The recommendations were created mainly based on the practice and experience of anesthesiologists who provide care to patients in China. Therefore, adoption of these recommendations outside of China must be done with caution, and the local environment, culture, uniqueness of the healthcare system, and patients' needs should be considered. The task force will continuously update the recommendations and incorporate new information in future versions."}, {"pmid": 32419639, "title": "Viral loads in throat and anal swabs in children infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Yuan, Chunhui", "Zhu, Hongmin", "Yang, Yuan", "Cai, Xiaonan", "Xiang, Feiyan", "Wu, Huan", "Yao, Cong", "Xiang, Yun", "Xiao, Han"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419639", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay on anal swabs was recently reported to be persistently positive even after throat testing was negative during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, data about the consistent performance of RT-PCR assay on throat and anal swabs remain limited in paediatric patients. Here, we retrospectively reviewed RT-PCR-testing results of 212 paediatric patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection at Wuhan Children's Hospital. The diagnostic potential of these two types of specimens showed significant difference (positive rate: 78.2% on throat swabs vs. 52.6% on anal swabs, McNemar Test P\u2009=\u20090.0091) and exhibited a weak positive consistency (Kappa value was 0.311, P\u2009<\u20090.0001) in paediatric patients. Furthermore, viral loads detected on both throat and anal swabs also showed no significant difference (P\u2009=\u20090.9511) and correlation (Pearson r\u2009=\u20090.0434, P\u2009=\u20090.8406), and exhibited an inconsistent kinetic change through the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Besides, viral loads in the throat and anal swabs were correlated with different types of immune states, immune-reactive phase, and the resolution phase/immunologic tolerance, respectively. These findings revealed that RT-PCR-testing on throat and anal swabs showed significant difference for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlated with different immune state in paediatric patients."}, {"pmid": 32358934, "title": "A Research Agenda on the Sexual and Reproductive Health Dimensions of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa.", "journal": "Afr J Reprod Health", "authors": ["Ahonsi, Babatunde"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358934", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202260, "title": "COVID-19: Impact on health of people & wealth of nations.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Tandon, Prakash N"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202260", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502128, "title": "COVID-19-Associated Myocarditis in an Adolescent.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Trogen, Brit", "Gonzalez, Francisco J", "Shust, Gail F"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502128", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 17-year-old obese male was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after presenting with fluid-responsive septic shock following 7 days of fever, gastrointestinal symptoms and neck pain. Initial workup was positive for SARS-CoV-2 and elevated troponin I and brain natriuretic peptide. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed acute myocarditis. One week after discharge, repeat echocardiogram demonstrated improved heart function with only residual myocardial dysfunction."}, {"pmid": 32446719, "pmcid": "PMC7236740", "title": "Promoting health equity in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Gynecol Oncol", "authors": ["Farley, John H", "Hines, Jeffrey", "Lee, Nita K", "Brooks, Sandra E", "Nair, Navya", "Brown, Carol L", "Doll, Kemi M", "Sullivan, Ellen J", "Chapman-Davis, Eloise"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446719", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427677, "pmcid": "PMC7273932", "title": "Three Cases of COVID-19 Disease With Colonic Manifestations.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Sattar, Yasar", "Connerney, Michael", "Rauf, Hiba", "Saini, Mannat", "Ullah, Waqas", "Mamtani, Sahil", "Syed, Umer", "Luddington, Stephen", "Walfish, Aaron"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427677", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414813, "title": "Risk of severe illness from COVID-19 in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and increased fibrosis scores.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Targher, Giovanni", "Mantovani, Alessandro", "Byrne, Christopher D", "Wang, Xiao-Bo", "Yan, Hua-Dong", "Sun, Qing-Feng", "Pan, Ke-Hua", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Chen, Yong-Ping", "Eslam, Mohammed", "George, Jacob", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414813", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481784, "title": "COVID-19 and Intimate Partner Violence: A Call to Action.", "journal": "R I Med J (2013)", "authors": ["Zero, Odette", "Geary, Meghan"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481784", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has escalated the risks and dangers for victims of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). This article aims to describe the current state of IPV in Rhode Island as well as best practices for IPV screening and intervention using telehealth. We highlight the particular plight of undocumented immigrant victims of IPV and how healthcare providers can be responsive to their unique vulnerabilities and needs."}, {"pmid": 32372756, "pmcid": "PMC7201951", "title": "Letter to the editor: Evidence on school closure and children's social contact: useful for coronavirus disease (COVID-19)?", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Poletti, Michele", "Raballo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372756", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526218, "title": "Evaluation of the EDI enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in human plasma.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Bundschuh, Christian", "Egger, Margot", "Wiesinger, Kurt", "Gabriel, Christian", "Clodi, Martin", "Mueller, Thomas", "Dieplinger, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526218", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Besides SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing, serological testing is emerging as additional option in COVID-19 diagnostics. Aim of this study was to evaluate novel immunoassays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human plasma. Using EDITM Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs), we measured SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in 64 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients with serial blood samples (n\u00a0=\u00a0104) collected at different time points from symptom onset. Blood samples from 200 healthy blood donors and 256 intensive care unit (ICU) patients collected before the COVID-19 outbreak were also used. The positivity rates in the COVID-19 patients were 5.9% for IgM and 2.9% for IgG\u00a0\u2264\u00a05\u00a0days after symptom onset; Between day 5 and day 10 the positivity rates were 37.1% for IgM and 37.1% for IgG and rose to 76.4% for IgM and 82.4% for IgG after\u00a0>\u00a010-15\u00a0days. After 15-22\u00a0days the \"true\" positivity rates were 94.4% for IgM and 100% for IgG. The \"false\" positivity rates were 0.5% for IgM and 1.0% for IgG in the healthy blood donors, 1.6% for IgM and 1.2% for IgG in ICU patients. This study shows high \"true\" vs. low \"false\" positivity rates for the EDITM SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG ELISAs."}, {"pmid": 32525695, "title": "Speech-Language Pathology Guidance for Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Multidisciplinary Perspective.", "journal": "Am J Speech Lang Pathol", "authors": ["Zaga, Charissa J", "Pandian, Vinciya", "Brodsky, Martin B", "Wallace, Sarah", "Cameron, Tanis S", "Chao, Caroline", "Orloff, Lisa Ann", "Atkins, Naomi E", "McGrath, Brendan A", "Lazarus, Cathy L", "Vogel, Adam P", "Brenner, Michael J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525695", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose As the COVID-19 pandemic has unfolded, there has been growing recognition of risks to frontline health care workers. When caring for patients with tracheostomy, speech-language pathologists have significant exposure to mucosal surfaces, secretions, and aerosols that may harbor the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This tutorial provides guidance on practices for safely performing patient evaluation and procedures, thereby reducing risk of infection. Method Data were collated through review of literature, guidelines, and consensus statements relating to COVID-19 and similar high-consequent infections, with a focus on mitigating risk of transmission to health care workers. Particular emphasis was placed on speech-language pathologists, nurses, and other allied health professionals. A multinational interdisciplinary team then analyzed findings, arriving at recommendations through consensus via electronic communications and video conference. Results Reports of transmission of infection to health care workers in the current COVID-19 pandemic and previous outbreaks substantiate the need for safe practices. Many procedures routinely performed by speech-language pathologists have a significant risk of infection due to aerosol generation. COVID-19 testing can inform level of protective equipment, and meticulous hygiene can stem spread of nosocomial infection. Modifications to standard clinical practice in tracheostomy are often required. Personal protective equipment, including either powered air-purifying respirator or N95 mask, gloves, goggles, and gown, are needed when performing aerosol-generating procedures in patients with known or suspected COVID-19 infection. Conclusions Speech-language pathologists are often called on to assist in the care of patients with tracheostomy and known or suspected COVID-19 infection. Appropriate care of these patients is predicated on maintaining the health and safety of the health care team. Careful adherence to best practices can significantly reduce risk of infectious transmission."}, {"pmid": 32379863, "pmcid": "PMC7239240", "title": "Metagenomic analysis reveals clinical SARS-CoV-2 infection and bacterial or viral superinfection and colonization.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Peddu, Vikas", "Shean, Ryan C", "Xie, Hong", "Shrestha, Lasata", "Perchetti, Garrett A", "Minot, Samuel S", "Roychoudhury, Pavitra", "Huang, Meei-Li", "Nalla, Arun", "Reddy, Shriya B", "Phung, Quynh", "Reinhardt, Adam", "Jerome, Keith R", "Greninger, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379863", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "More than two months separated the initial description of SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of its widespread dissemination in the United States. Despite this lengthy interval, implementation of specific quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 tests in the US has been slow, and testing is still not widely available. Metagenomic sequencing offers the promise of unbiased detection of emerging pathogens, without requiring prior knowledge of the identity of the responsible agent or its genomic sequence. To evaluate metagenomic approaches in the context of the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, laboratory-confirmed positive and negative samples from Seattle, Washington were evaluated by metagenomic sequencing, with comparison to a 2019 reference genomic database created before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. Within 36\u2009hours our results showed clear identification of a novel human Betacoronavirus, closely related to known Betacoronaviruses of bats, in laboratory-proven cases of SARS-CoV-2. A subset of samples also showed superinfection or colonization with human parainfluenza virus 3 or Moraxella species, highlighting the need to test directly for SARS-CoV-2 as opposed to ruling out an infection using a viral respiratory panel. Samples negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR were also negative by metagenomic analysis, and positive for Rhinovirus A and C. Unlike targeted SARS-CoV-2 qRT-PCR testing, metagenomic analysis of these SARS-CoV-2 negative samples identified candidate etiological agents for the patients' respiratory symptoms. Taken together, these results demonstrate the value of metagenomic analysis in the monitoring and response to this and future viral pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32358556, "title": "Coronavirus in context: Scite.ai tracks positive and negative citations for COVID-19 literature.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Khamsi, Roxanne"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358556", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342979, "pmcid": "PMC7197590", "title": "Association between regional selenium status and reported outcome of COVID-19 cases in China.", "journal": "Am J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Zhang, Jinsong", "Taylor, Ethan Will", "Bennett, Kate", "Saad, Ramy", "Rayman, Margaret P"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342979", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398162, "pmcid": "PMC7214856", "title": "COVID-19 vulnerability: the potential impact of genetic susceptibility and airborne transmission.", "journal": "Hum Genomics", "authors": ["Godri Pollitt, Krystal J", "Peccia, Jordan", "Ko, Albert I", "Kaminski, Naftali", "Dela Cruz, Charles S", "Nebert, Daniel W", "Reichardt, Juergen K V", "Thompson, David C", "Vasiliou, Vasilis"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398162", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is inarguably the most challenging coronavirus outbreak relative to the previous outbreaks involving SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. With the number of COVID-19 cases now exceeding 2 million worldwide, it is apparent that (i) transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is very high and (ii) there are large variations in disease severity, one component of which may be genetic variability in the response to the virus. Controlling current rates of infection and combating future waves require a better understanding of the routes of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the underlying genomic susceptibility to this disease. In this mini-review, we highlight possible genetic determinants of COVID-19 and the contribution of aerosol exposure as a potentially important transmission route of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32445682, "pmcid": "PMC7239613", "title": "COVID-19: overcoming the challenges faced by individuals with autism and their families.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Eshraghi, Adrien A", "Li, Crystal", "Alessandri, Michael", "Messinger, Daniel S", "Eshraghi, Rebecca S", "Mittal, Rahul", "Armstrong, F Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445682", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346122, "title": "Lessons learned from the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) outbreak in a monographic center for spinal cord injury.", "journal": "Spinal Cord", "authors": ["Lopez-Dolado, Elisa", "Gil-Agudo, Angel"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346122", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32204907, "pmcid": "PMC7133222", "title": "The Novel Coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Naicker, Saraladevi", "Yang, Chih-Wei", "Hwang, Shang-Jyh", "Liu, Bi-Cheng", "Chen, Jiang-Hua", "Jha, Vivekanand"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204907", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423293, "title": "Management of Adult Inpatient Otolaryngologic Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Proposed Tier-Based Triage System.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Hussaini, Adnan S", "Clark, Christine M", "Patel, Atur A", "Russo, Mark E", "Chia, Stanley H", "Davidson, Bruce J", "Malekzadeh, Sonya"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed tremendous strain on health care systems, leading to unprecedented challenges and obstacles in the delivery of patient care. Otolaryngologists are frequently called on for inpatient consultations for an array of pathologies, ranging from chronic benign conditions to acutely life-threatening processes. Professional otolaryngologic societies across the world have proposed limiting patient care to time-sensitive and urgent matters; however, limited literature is available to describe how this transient change in philosophy may translate to clinical practice. Here we present a structured algorithm that allows for rapid triage of otolaryngologic consults during the ongoing pandemic, in efforts to minimize infectious spread and protect clinicians while preserving high-quality patient care. Considerations for managing these consults are presented, with a commentary on practical and ethical considerations."}, {"pmid": 32454025, "pmcid": "PMC7188629", "title": "The COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium: A Collaborative Effort to Understand the Effects of COVID-19 on Patients with Cancer.", "journal": "Cancer Cell", "authors": ["Rubinstein, Samuel M", "Steinharter, John A", "Warner, Jeremy", "Rini, Brian I", "Peters, Solange", "Choueiri, Toni K"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "National and international consortia will play a key role in understanding the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cancer patients. The COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) aims to collect and analyze observational data at scale to inform clinical practice in real-time."}, {"pmid": 32445646, "pmcid": "PMC7239783", "title": "Children of frontline COVID-19 warriors: Our observations.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Dubey, Souvik", "Jana Dubey, Mahua", "Ghosh, Ritwik", "Chatterjee, Subhankar"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445646", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463794, "title": "Metformin and SARS-CoV-2: mechanistic lessons on air pollution to weather the cytokine/thrombotic storm in COVID-19.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Menendez, Javier A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463794", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pathological signaling in the lung induced by particulate matter (PM) air pollution partially overlaps with that provoked by COVID-19, the pandemic disease caused by infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Metformin is capable of suppressing one of the molecular triggers of the proinflammatory and prothrombotic processes of urban PM air pollution, namely the mitochondrial ROS/Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels (CRAC)/IL-6 cascade. Given the linkage between mitochondrial functionality, ion channels, and inflamm-aging, the ability of metformin to target mitochondrial electron transport and prevent ROS/CRAC-mediated IL-6 release might illuminate new therapeutic avenues to quell the raging of the cytokine and thrombotic-like storms that are the leading causes of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in older people. The incorporation of infection rates, severity and lethality of SARS-CoV-2 infections as new outcomes of metformin usage in elderly populations at risk of developing severe COVID-19, together with the assessment of bronchial/serological titers of inflammatory cytokines and D-dimers, could provide a novel mechanistic basis for the consideration of metformin as a therapeutic strategy against the inflammatory and thrombotic states underlying the gerolavic traits of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32427582, "title": "Clinical and pathological investigation of severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "JCI Insight", "authors": ["Li, Shaohua", "Jiang, Lina", "Li, Xi", "Lin, Fang", "Wang, Yijin", "Li, Boan", "Jiang, Tianjun", "An, Weimin", "Liu, Shuhong", "Liu, Hongyang", "Xu, Pengfei", "Zhao, Lihua", "Zhang, Lixin", "Mu, Jinsong", "Wang, Hongwei", "Kang, Jiarui", "Li, Yan", "Huang, Lei", "Zhu, Caizhong", "Zhao, Shousong", "Lu, Jiangyang", "Ji, Junsheng", "Zhao, Jingmin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427582", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic. This study addressed the clinical and immunopathological characteristics of severe COVID-19. Sixty-nine COVID-19 patients were classified into as severe and non-severe groups to analyze their clinical and laboratory characteristics. A panel of blood cytokines was quantified over time. Biopsy specimens from two deceased cases were obtained for immunopathological, ultrastructural, and in situ hybridization examinations. Circulating cytokines, including IL8, IL6, TNF\u03b1, IP10, MCP1, and RANTES, were significantly elevated in severe COVID-19 patients. Dynamic IL6 and IL8 were associated with disease progression. SARS-CoV-2 was demonstrated to infect type II, type I pneumocytes and endothelial cells, leading to severe lung damage through cell pyroptosis and apoptosis. In severe cases, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and massive macrophage and neutrophil infiltrates were observed in both blood and lung tissues. A panel of circulating cytokines could be used to predict disease deterioration and inform clinical interventions. Severe pulmonary damage was predominantly attributed to both SARS-CoV-2 caused cytopathy and immunopathologic damage. Strategies that encourage pulmonary recruitment and overactivation of inflammatory cells by suppressing cytokine storm might improve the outcomes of severe COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32329592, "title": "Organization of acute patients' transfer to rehabilitation services during COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Treger, Iuly", "Lutsky Treger, Lena", "Friedman, Alan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329592", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362300, "pmcid": "PMC7256217", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: achieving good mental health during social isolation.", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Diamond, Rowan", "Willan, John"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362300", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to unprecedented disruption to the normal way of life for people around the globe. Social distancing, self-isolation or shielding have been strongly advised or mandated in most countries. We suggest evidence-based ways that people can maintain or even strengthen their mental health during this crisis."}, {"pmid": 32242946, "pmcid": "PMC7228226", "title": "Comments on \"coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV in a patient in Wuhan city, China\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Nixon, Douglas F"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242946", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437750, "pmcid": "PMC7207141", "title": "Symptom profiles and risk factors for hospitalization in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A Large Cohort from South America.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Diaz, Luis Antonio", "Garcia-Salum, Tamara", "Fuentes-Lopez, Eduardo", "Ferres, Marcela", "Medina, Rafael A", "Riquelme, Arnoldo", "Levican, Jorge", "Almonacid, Leonardo I", "Serrano, Eileen", "Chahuan, Javier", "Cofre, Colomba", "Alvarez, Manuel", "Labarca, Jaime", "Valderrama, Sebastian", "Salinas, Erick", "Toro, Adriana", "Ortega, Marcos", "Garcia, Patricia", "Pizarro, Margarita"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437750", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269939, "pmcid": "PMC7136726", "title": "CT imaging of one extended family cluster of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) including adolescent patients and \"silent infection\".", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Xu, Rui", "Du, Mingshan", "Li, Linfeng", "Zhen, Zhiming", "Wang, Huiyou", "Hu, Xiaofei"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269939", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213081, "title": "Strengthening China's Public Health Response System: From SARS to COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Bouey, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213081", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282614, "pmcid": "PMC7236841", "title": "Anesthetic Management of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke During COVID-19 Pandemic: Consensus Statement From Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology & Critical Care (SNACC): Endorsed by Society of Vascular & Interventional Neurology (SVIN), Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS), Neurocritical Care Society (NCS), European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) and American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) Cerebrovascular Section.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Sharma, Deepak", "Rasmussen, Mads", "Han, Ruquan", "Whalin, Matthew K", "Davis, Melinda", "Kofke, W Andrew", "Venkatraghvan, Lakshmikumar", "Raychev, Radoslav", "Fraser, Justin F"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282614", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has unique implications for the anesthetic management of endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke. The Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care appointed a task force to provide timely, consensus-based expert recommendations using available evidence for the safe and effective anesthetic management of endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of this consensus statement is to provide recommendations for anesthetic management considering the following (and they are): (1) optimal neurological outcomes for patients; (2) minimizing the risk for health care professionals, and (3) facilitating judicious use of resources while accounting for existing variability in care. It provides a framework for selecting the optimal anesthetic technique (general anesthesia or monitored anesthesia care) for a given patient and offers suggestions for best practices for anesthesia care during the pandemic. Institutions and health care providers are encouraged to adapt these recommendations to best suit local needs, considering existing practice standards and resource availability to ensure safety of patients and providers."}, {"pmid": 32473682, "pmcid": "PMC7255715", "title": "COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments: a prospective cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Lee, Lennard Y W", "Cazier, Jean Baptiste", "Starkey, T", "Turnbull, C D", "Kerr, Rachel", "Middleton, Gary"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473682", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Individuals with cancer, particularly those who are receiving systemic anticancer treatments, have been postulated to be at increased risk of mortality from COVID-19. This conjecture has considerable effect on the treatment of patients with cancer and data from large, multicentre studies to support this assumption are scarce because of the contingencies of the pandemic. We aimed to describe the clinical and demographic characteristics and COVID-19 outcomes in patients with cancer. In this prospective observational study, all patients with active cancer and presenting to our network of cancer centres were eligible for enrolment into the UK Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project (UKCCMP). The UKCCMP is the first COVID-19 clinical registry that enables near real-time reports to frontline doctors about the effects of COVID-19 on patients with cancer. Eligible patients tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on RT-PCR assay from a nose or throat swab. We excluded patients with a radiological or clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, without a positive RT-PCR test. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, or discharge from hospital, as assessed by the reporting sites during the patient hospital admission. From March 18, to April 26, 2020, we analysed 800 patients with a diagnosis of cancer and symptomatic COVID-19. 412 (52%) patients had a mild COVID-19 disease course. 226 (28%) patients died and risk of death was significantly associated with advancing patient age (odds ratio 9\u00b742 [95% CI 6\u00b756-10\u00b702]; p<0\u00b70001), being male (1\u00b767 [1\u00b719-2\u00b734]; p=0\u00b7003), and the presence of other comorbidities such as hypertension (1\u00b795 [1\u00b736-2\u00b780]; p<0\u00b7001) and cardiovascular disease (2\u00b732 [1\u00b747-3\u00b764]). 281 (35%) patients had received cytotoxic chemotherapy within 4 weeks before testing positive for COVID-19. After adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities, chemotherapy in the past 4 weeks had no significant effect on mortality from COVID-19 disease, when compared with patients with cancer who had not received recent chemotherapy (1\u00b718 [0\u00b781-1\u00b772]; p=0\u00b7380). We found no significant effect on mortality for patients with immunotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy use within the past 4 weeks. Mortality from COVID-19 in cancer patients appears to be principally driven by age, gender, and comorbidities. We are not able to identify evidence that cancer patients on cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anticancer treatment are at an increased risk of mortality from COVID-19 disease compared with those not on active treatment. University of Birmingham, University of Oxford."}, {"pmid": 32407543, "pmcid": "PMC7272917", "title": "Reflection on passive immunotherapy in those who need most: some novel strategic arguments for obtaining safer therapeutic plasma or autologous antibodies from recovered COVID -19 infected patients.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Lanza, F", "Seghatchian, J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407543", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324202, "title": "Information Technology-Based Tracing Strategy in Response to COVID-19 in South Korea-Privacy Controversies.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Park, Sangchul", "Choi, Gina Jeehyun", "Ko, Haksoo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324202", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32172226, "title": "Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Han, Huan", "Yang, Lan", "Liu, Rui", "Liu, Fang", "Wu, Kai-Lang", "Li, Jie", "Liu, Xing-Hui", "Zhu, Cheng-Liang"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32172226", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background As the number of patients increases, there is a growing understanding of the form of pneumonia sustained by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused an outbreak in China. Up to now, clinical features and treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported in detail. However, the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and coagulation has been scarcely addressed. Our aim is to investigate the blood coagulation function of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods In our study, 94 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. We prospectively collect blood coagulation data in these patients and in 40 healthy controls during the same period. Results Antithrombin values in patients were lower than that in the control group (p\u2009<\u20090.001). The values of D-dimer, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), and fibrinogen (FIB) in all SARS-CoV-2 cases were substantially higher than those in healthy controls. Moreover, D-dimer and FDP values in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection were higher than those in patients with milder forms. Compared with healthy controls, prothrombin time activity (PT-act) was lower in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Thrombin time in critical SARS-CoV-2 patients was also shorter than that in controls. Conclusions The coagulation function in patients with SARS-CoV-2 is significantly deranged compared with healthy people, but monitoring D-dimer and FDP values may be helpful for the early identification of severe cases."}, {"pmid": 32507612, "title": "Trainee and Attending Perspectives on Remote Radiology Readouts in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Matalon, Shanna A", "Souza, Daniel A T", "Gaviola, Glenn C", "Silverman, Stuart G", "Mayo-Smith, William W", "Lee, Leslie K"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social distancing mandates due to COVID-19 have necessitated adaptations to radiology trainee workflow and educational practices, including the radiology \"readout.\" We describe how a large academic radiology department achieved socially distant \"remote readouts,\" provide trainee and attending perspectives on this early experience, and propose ways by which \"remote readouts\" can be used effectively by training programs beyond COVID-19. Beginning March 2020, radiologists were relocated to workspaces outside of conventional reading rooms. Information technologies were employed to allow for \"remote readouts\" between trainees and attendings. An optional anonymous open-ended survey regarding remote readouts was administered to radiology trainees and attendings as a quality improvement initiative. From the responses, response themes were abstracted using thematic analysis. Descriptive statistics of the qualitative data were calculated. Radiologist workstations from 14 traditional reading rooms were relocated to 36 workspaces across the hospital system. Two models of remote readouts, synchronous and asynchronous, were developed, facilitated by commercially available information technologies. Thirty-nine of 105 (37%) trainees and 42 of 90 (47%) attendings responded to the survey. Main response themes included: social distancing, technology, autonomy/competency, efficiency, education/feedback and atmosphere/professional relationship. One hundred and forty-eight positive versus 97 negative comments were reported. Social distancing, technology, and autonomy/competency were most positively rated. Trainees and attending perspectives differed regarding the efficiency of remote readouts. \"Remote readouts,\" compliant with social distancing measures, are feasible in academic radiology practice settings. Perspectives from our initial experience provide insight into how this can be accomplished, opportunities for improvement and future application, beyond the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32447425, "pmcid": "PMC7245576", "title": "Fatal SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in course of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease.", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Roncati, Luca", "Lusenti, Beatrice", "Nasillo, Vincenzo", "Manenti, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447425", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502638, "pmcid": "PMC7265832", "title": "Databases for facilitating mechanistic investigations of traditional Chinese medicines against COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Jiang, Sida", "Cui, Qiuji", "Ni, Bingwei", "Chen, Yingying", "Tan, Ying", "Chen, Weiping", "Chen, Yu Zong"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502638", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458364, "pmcid": "PMC7250538", "title": "A Structured Approach for Safely Reintroducing Bariatric Surgery in a COVID-19 Environment.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Daigle, Christopher R", "Augustin, Toms", "Wilson, Rickesha", "Schulz, Karen", "Fathalizadeh, Alisan", "Laktash, Amy", "Bauman, Marita", "Bencsath, Kalman P", "Cha, Walter", "Rodriguez, John", "Aminian, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458364", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the profound effect of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on healthcare systems, surgical programs across the country have paused surgical operations and have been utilizing virtual visits to help maintain public safety. For those who treat obesity, the importance of bariatric surgery has never been more clear. Emerging studies continue to identify obesity and several other obesity-related comorbid conditions as major risk factors for a more severe COVID-19 disease course. However, this also suggests that patients seeking bariatric surgery are inherently at risk of suffering severe complications if they were to contract COVID-19 in the perioperative period. The aim of this protocol is to utilize careful analysis of existing risk stratification for bariatric patients, novel COVID-19-related data, and consensus opinion from multiple academic bariatric centers within our organization to help guide the reanimation of our programs when appropriate and to use this template to prospectively study this risk-stratified population in real time. The core principles of this protocol can be applied to any surgical specialty."}, {"pmid": 32449100, "pmcid": "PMC7246084", "title": "Incidentally discovered COVID-19 in low-suspicion patients-a threat to front line health care workers.", "journal": "Emerg Radiol", "authors": ["Xiao, Nicholas", "Abboud, Samir", "McCarthy, Danielle M", "Parekh, Nishant"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449100", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has been responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide. Testing remains at a premium, and criteria for testing remains reserved for those with lower respiratory infection symptoms and/or a known high-risk exposure. The role of imaging in COVID-19 is rapidly evolving; however, few algorithms include imaging criteria, and it is unclear what should be done in low-suspicion patients with positive imaging findings. From 03/01/2020-03/20/2020, a retrospective review of all patients with suspected COVID-19 on imaging was performed. Imaging was interpreted by a board-certified, fellowship-trained radiologist. Patients were excluded if COVID-19 infection was suspected at the time of presentation, was the reason for imaging, or if any lower respiratory symptoms were present. Eight patients with suspected COVID-19 infection on imaging were encountered. Seven patients received testing due to suspicious imaging findings with subsequent lab-confirmed COVID-19. No patients endorsed prior exposure to COVID-19 or recent international travel. COVID-19 was suggested in six patients incidentally on abdominal CT and two on chest radiography. At the time of presentation, no patients were febrile, and seven endorsed gastrointestinal symptoms. Five COVID-19 patients eventually developed respiratory symptoms and required intubation. Two patients expired during the admission. Patients with imaging findings suspicious for COVID-19 warrant prompt reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing even in low clinical suspicion cases. The prevalence of disease in the population may be underestimated by the current paradigm of RT-PCR testing with the current clinical criteria of lower respiratory symptoms and exposure risk."}, {"pmid": 32320102, "pmcid": "PMC7235493", "title": "Hydatidiform mole in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. Is there an association?", "journal": "Am J Reprod Immunol", "authors": ["Abbas, Ahmed M", "Ahmed, Omar A", "Shaltout, Asmaa S"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320102", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is considered a worldwide pandemic. COVID-19 patients had profound immune dysregulation so they could be susceptible for adverse pregnancy outcomes as hydatidiform mole. In this article, we tried to explain the link between hydatidiform mole and COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32358121, "title": "Ongoing TB testing during Covid-19 restrictions.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Biggs, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358121", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499317, "title": "The \"virtual wards\" supporting patients with covid-19 in the community.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Thornton, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499317", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271512, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urologist's clinical practice in Brazil: a management guideline proposal for low- and middle-income countries during the crisis period.", "journal": "Int Braz J Urol", "authors": ["Carneiro, Arie", "Wroclawski, Marcelo Langer", "Nahar, Bruno", "Soares, Andrey", "Cardoso, Ana Paula", "Kim, Nam Jin", "Carvalho, Fabricio Torres"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271512", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This letter to the Editor aims to provide suggestions and recommendations for the management of urological conditions in times of COVID-19 crisis in Brazil and other low- and middle-income countries. It is important to highlight that one of the main characteristics of this pandemic is the oversaturation of the health system capacity, mostly due to a high demand for personal protective equipment (PPE), Hospital/ICU beds, as well as ventilators. In places with limited resources and where the health care systems are already saturated, such consideration is even more worrisome. Therefore, most worldwide authorities are recommending to avoid, as much as possible, patient's elective visits to hospitals, as well as a judicious use of the operating room in order to mitigate the strain put on the health system. While efforts should be directed to the care of COVID-19 patients, other conditions (especially urgencies and oncological cases) must continue to be assisted. Thus, through a panel of experts, we have prepared a practical guide for Thus, through a panel of experts, we have prepared a practical guide for urologists based on the recommendations from the main Urologic Associations, as well as data from the literature to support the suggested management. We will try to follow the standard guideline recommendations from the American Urological Association (AUA) and European Association of Urology (EAU), with the aim of pursuing the best outcomes possible. However, some recommendations were based on the consensus of the panel, taking into consideration the reality of developing countries and the unprecedented situation caused by the COVID-19 crisis. Most importantly, all recommendations on this manuscript are based on the expectancy of a maximum 3-month duration of the crisis. If this period shall extended, these recommendations will be revised and updated."}, {"pmid": 32482653, "title": "No SLE with COVID-19 in Hong Kong: the effect of masking?", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["So, Ho", "Mak, Joyce Wing Yan", "Tam, Lai-Shan"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482653", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with interests the report by Favalli on the incidence of COVID-19 in Italian patients with connective tissue diseases [1]. None of the 61 patients with SLE surveyed was confirmed to have COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32533108, "title": "Author Correction: Complement as a target in COVID-19?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Risitano, Antonio M", "Mastellos, Dimitrios C", "Huber-Lang, Markus", "Yancopoulou, Despina", "Garlanda, Cecilia", "Ciceri, Fabio", "Lambris, John D"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533108", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32398833, "title": "Include the true value of nature when rebuilding economies after coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398833", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219885, "pmcid": "PMC7228231", "title": "Stability issues of RT-PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2 for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Yafang", "Yao, Lin", "Li, Jiawei", "Chen, Lei", "Song, Yiyan", "Cai, Zhifang", "Yang, Chunhua"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219885", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, we collected a total of 610 hospitalized patients from Wuhan between February 2, 2020, and February 17, 2020. We reported a potentially high false negative rate of real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 in the 610 hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19 during the 2019 outbreak. We also found that the RT-PCR results from several tests at different points were variable from the same patients during the course of diagnosis and treatment of these patients. Our results indicate that in addition to the emphasis on RT-PCR testing, clinical indicators such as computed tomography images should also be used not only for diagnosis and treatment but also for isolation, recovery/discharge, and transferring for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19 during the current epidemic. These results suggested the urgent needs for the standard of procedures of sampling from different anatomic sites, sample transportation, optimization of RT-PCR, serology diagnosis/screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and distinct diagnosis from other respiratory diseases such as fluenza infections as well."}, {"pmid": 32530284, "title": "Decoding SARS-CoV-2 transmission, evolution and ramification on COVID-19 diagnosis, vaccine, and medicine.", "journal": "J Chem Inf Model", "authors": ["Wang, Rui", "Hozumi, Yuta", "Yin, Changchuan", "Wei, Guowei"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530284", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tremendous effort has been given to the development of diagnostic tests, preventive vaccines, and therapeutic medicines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Much of this development has been based on the reference genome collected on January 5, 2020. Based on the genotyping of 6156 genome samples collected up to April 24, 2020 (this will be updated during the revision!), we report that SARS-CoV-2 has had 4459 mutations which can be clustered into five subtypes. We introduce mutation ratio and mutation $h$-index to characterize the protein conservativeness and unveil that SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein, main protease, and endoribonuclease protein are relatively conservative, while SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, spike protein, and papain-like protease are relatively non-conservative. In particular, the nucleocapsid protein has more than half its codons changed in the past few months, signaling potential impacts on the ongoing development of COVID-19 diagnosis, vaccines, and drugs."}, {"pmid": 32487789, "title": "Risk factors for mortality in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Bolivia: An analysis of the first 107 confirmed cases.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Escalera-Antezana, Juan Pablo", "Lizon-Ferrufino, Nicolas Freddy", "Maldonado-Alanoca, Americo", "Alarcon-De-la-Vega, Gricel", "Alvarado-Arnez, Lucia Elena", "Balderrama-Saavedra, Maria Alejandra", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487789", "countries": ["Germany", "Bolivia, Plurinational State of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present study is aimed to assess the risk factors for mortality in the first 107 rRT-PCR confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Bolivia. For this observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study, the epidemiological data records were collected from the Hospitals and the Ministry of Health of Bolivia, obtaining the clinical and epidemiological data of the COVID-19 cases that were laboratory-diagnosed during March 2-29, 2020. Samples were tested by rRT-PCR to SARS-CoV-2 at the Laboratory of the National Center of Tropical Diseases (CENETROP), following the protocol Charite, Berlin, Germany. The odds ratio (OR) with respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for mortality as dependent variable was calculated. When we comparatively analyzed survivors and non-survivors in this first group of 107 cases in Bolivia, we found that at bivariate analyses, age (\u00b160 years old), hypertension, chronic heart failure, diabetes, and obesity, as well as the requirement of ICU, were significantly exposure variables associated with death. At the multivariate analysis (logistic regression), two variables remained significantly associated, age, \u00b160 years-old (OR=9.4, 95%CI 1.8-104.1) and hypertension (OR=3.3, 95%CI 1.3-6.3). As expected, age and comorbidities, particularly hypertension, were independent risk factors for mortality in Bolivia in the first 107 cases group. More further studies are required to better define risk factors and preventive measures related to COVID-19 in this and other Latin American countries."}, {"pmid": 32277162, "pmcid": "PMC7147357", "title": "Perinatal aspects on the covid-19 pandemic: a practical resource for perinatal-neonatal specialists.", "journal": "J Perinatol", "authors": ["Mimouni, Francis", "Lakshminrusimha, Satyan", "Pearlman, Stephen A", "Raju, Tonse", "Gallagher, Patrick G", "Mendlovic, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277162", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is known about the perinatal aspects of COVID-19. To summarize available evidence and provide perinatologists/neonatologists with tools for managing their patients. Analysis of available literature on COVID-19 using Medline and Google scholar. From scant data: vertical transmission from maternal infection during the third trimester probably does not occur or likely it occurs very rarely. Consequences of COVID-19 infection among women during early pregnancy remain unknown. We cannot conclude if pregnancy is a risk factor for more severe disease in women with COVID-19. Little is known about disease severity in neonates, and from very few samples, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 has not been documented in human milk. Links to websites of organizations with updated COVID-19 information are provided. Infographics summarize an approach to the pregnant woman or neonate with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. As the pandemic continues, more data will be available that could lead to changes in current knowledge and recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32272630, "title": "Lung Involvement Found on Chest CT Scan in a Pre-Symptomatic Person with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report.", "journal": "Trop Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Asadollahi-Amin, Ali", "Hasibi, Mehrdad", "Ghadimi, Fatemeh", "Rezaei, Hosnieh", "SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272630", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection is spreading worldwide, and there are many reports of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by this infection. However, asymptomatic lung involvement has not been reported. We hereby present the case of a 44-year-old health-care worker, who was found to be infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus after a CT-scan performed for an unrelated condition revealed a lesion in the lung field compatible with COVID-19 infection. His condition deteriorated initially, but eventually improved with supportive treatment and the compassionate use of antivirals and antimalarials and is now in a stable condition."}, {"pmid": 32472069, "title": "Questions remain following first COVID-19 vaccine results.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "authors": ["Sheridan, Cormac"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472069", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301034, "pmcid": "PMC7160609", "title": "Our Most Powerful Weapon to Fight COVID-19: Patient Involvement.", "journal": "Patient", "authors": ["Pitts, Peter J"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301034", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259628, "pmcid": "PMC7129776", "title": "Clinician Wellness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Extraordinary Times and Unusual Challenges for the Allergist/Immunologist.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Bansal, Priya", "Bingemann, Theresa A", "Greenhawt, Matthew", "Mosnaim, Giselle", "Nanda, Anil", "Oppenheimer, John", "Sharma, Hemant", "Stukus, David", "Shaker, Marcus"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259628", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused sudden and dramatic societal changes. The allergy/immunology community has quickly responded by mobilizing practice adjustments and embracing new paradigms of care to protect patients and staff from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exposure. Social distancing is key to slowing contagion but adds to complexity of care and increases isolation and anxiety. Uncertainty exists across a new COVID-19 reality, and clinician well-being may be an underappreciated priority. Wellness incorporates mental, physical, and spiritual health to protect against burnout, which impairs both coping and caregiving abilities. Understanding the stressors that COVID-19 is placing on clinicians can assist in recognizing what is needed to return to a point of wellness. Clinicians can leverage easily accessible tools, including the Strength-Focused and Meaning-Oriented Approach to Resilience and Transformation approach, wellness apps, mindfulness, and gratitude. Realizing early warning signs of anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and posttraumatic stress disorder is important to access safe and confidential resources. Implementing wellness strategies can improve flexibility, resilience, and outlook. Historical parallels demonstrate that perseverance is as inevitable as pandemics and that we need not navigate this unprecedented time alone."}, {"pmid": 32503823, "title": "A New Method for Testing Filtration Efficiency of Mask Materials Under Sneeze-like Pressure.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Xiao, L I", "Sakagami, Hiroshi", "Miwa, Nobuhiko"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503823", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sneezes produce many pathogen-containing micro-droplets with high velocities of 4.5-50.0 m/s. Face masks are believed to protect people from infection by blocking those droplets. However, current filtration efficiency tests can't evaluate masks under sneeze-like pressure. The goal of this study was to establish a method to evaluate the filtration efficiency of mask materials under extreme conditions. Efficiency of surgical masks, gauze masks, gauze, cotton, silk, linen and tissue paper on blocking micro-droplet sized starch particles (average 8.2 \u03bcm) and latex microspheres (0.75 \u03bcm) with a velocity of 44.4 m/s created by centrifugation was qualitatively analyzed by using imaging-based analysis. The 4 layers of silk could block 93.8% of microspheres and 88.9% of starch particles, followed by the gauze mask (78.5% of microspheres and 90.4% of starch particles) and the 2 layers of cotton (74.6% of microspheres and 87.5-89.0% of particles). Other materials also blocked 53.2-66.5% of microspheres and 76.4%-87.9% of particles except the 8 layers of gauze which only blocked 36.7% of particles. The filtration efficiency was improved by the increased layers of materials. Centrifugation-based filtration efficiency test not only compensates shortcomings of current tests for masks, but also offers a simple way to explore new mask materials during pandemics. Common mask materials can potentially provide protection against respiratory droplet transmission."}, {"pmid": 32221579, "title": "Sourcing Personal Protective Equipment During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Livingston, Edward", "Desai, Angel", "Berkwits, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221579", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319041, "pmcid": "PMC7173777", "title": "The Effect of COVID-19 on Youth Mental Health.", "journal": "Psychiatr Q", "authors": ["Liang, Leilei", "Ren, Hui", "Cao, Ruilin", "Hu, Yueyang", "Qin, Zeying", "Li, Chuanen", "Mei, Songli"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319041", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purposes of this study was to assess the youth mental health after the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) occurred in China two weeks later, and to investigate factors of mental health among youth groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted two weeks after the occurrence of COVID-19 in China. A total of 584 youth enrolled in this study and completed the question about cognitive status of COVID-19, the General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12), the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the Negative coping styles scale. Univariate analysis and univariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on youth mental health. The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that nearly 40.4% the sampled youth were found to be prone to psychological problems and 14.4% the sampled youth with Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Univariate logistic regression revealed that youth mental health was significantly related to being less educated (OR\u2009=\u20098.71, 95%CI:1.97-38.43), being the enterprise employee (OR\u2009=\u20092.36, 95%CI:1.09-5.09), suffering from the PTSD symptom\u00a0(OR\u2009=\u20091.05, 95%CI:1.03-1.07) and using negative coping styles\u00a0(OR\u2009=\u20091.03, 95%CI:1.00-1.07). Results of this study suggest that nearly 40.4% of the youth group had a tendency to have psychological problems. Thus, this was a remarkable evidence that infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, may have an immense influence on youth mental health. Therefor, local governments should develop effective psychological interventions for youth groups, moreover, it is important to consider the educational level and occupation of the youth during the interventions."}, {"pmid": 32233161, "pmcid": "PMC7105509", "title": "Analysis on 54 Mortality Cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Republic of Korea from January 19 to March 10, 2020.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233161", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the identification of the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the global number of confirmed cases as of March 15, 2020, is 156,400, with total death in 5,833 (3.7%) worldwide. Here, we summarize the morality data from February 19 when the first mortality occurred to 0 am, March 10, 2020, in Korea with comparison to other countries. The overall case fatality rate of COVID-19 in Korea was 0.7% as of 0 am, March 10, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32236491, "title": "Potential Legal Liability for Withdrawing or Withholding Ventilators During COVID-19: Assessing the Risks and Identifying Needed Reforms.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Cohen, I Glenn", "Crespo, Andrew M", "White, Douglas B"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236491", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341630, "pmcid": "PMC7179067", "title": "Tackling Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) in Workplaces.", "journal": "Indian J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Ramesh, Naveen", "Siddaiah, Archana", "Joseph, Bobby"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341630", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are zoonotic viruses and six species of Coronaviruses are known to cause human disease such as cause common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. In January 2020, scientists in Wuhan, China isolated a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for an outbreak of unknown pneumonia that had not been previously reported among humans. This virus spreads from person to person, through respiratory droplets, close contact, and by touching surfaces or objects contaminated by the virus. The incubation period varies between 2 days and 14 days. Symptoms usually include fever, cough, difficulty in breathing, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome. Older age and co-morbid conditions increase the fatality. Any person with a history of travel to and from COVID-19 affected countries in the past 14 days or any person who has had close contact with a laboratory confirmed COVID-19 are suspect cases and needs evaluation. Currently no vaccine is available and treatment is mainly supportive. Measures at workplace should include- avoiding non-essential travel, identifying and isolating sick employees at the earliest, hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, environmental hygiene and social distancing."}, {"pmid": 32386886, "pmcid": "PMC7190517", "title": "Helmet continuous positive airway pressure and prone positioning: A proposal for an early management of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Longhini, F", "Bruni, A", "Garofalo, E", "Navalesi, P", "Grasselli, G", "Cosentini, R", "Foti, G", "Mattei, A", "Ippolito, M", "Accurso, G", "Vitale, F", "Cortegiani, A", "Gregoretti, C"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386886", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501392, "pmcid": "PMC7247996", "title": "The role of ecosystems in mitigation and management of Covid-19 and other zoonoses.", "journal": "Environ Sci Policy", "authors": ["Everard, Mark", "Johnston, Paul", "Santillo, David", "Staddon, Chad"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501392", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is rising international concern about the zoonotic origins of many global pandemics. Increasing human-animal interactions are perceived as driving factors in pathogen transfer, emphasising the close relationships between human, animal and environmental health. Contemporary livelihood and market patterns tend to degrade ecosystems and their services, driving a cycle of degradation in increasingly tightly linked socio-ecological systems. This contributes to reductions in the natural regulating capacities of ecosystem services to limit disease transfer from animals to humans. It also undermines natural resource availability, compromising measures such as washing and sanitation that may be key to managing subsequent human-to-human disease transmission. Human activities driving this degrading cycle tend to convert beneficial ecosystem services into disservices, exacerbating risks related to zoonotic diseases. Conversely, measures to protect or restore ecosystems constitute investment in foundational capital, enhancing their capacities to provide for greater human security and opportunity. We use the DPSIR (Drivers-Pressures-State change-Impact-Response) framework to explore three aspects of zoonotic diseases: (1) the significance of disease regulation ecosystem services and their degradation in the emergence of Covid-19 and other zoonotic diseases; and of the protection of natural resources as mitigating contributions to both (2) regulating human-to-human disease transfer; and (3) treatment of disease outbreaks. From this analysis, we identify a set of appropriate response options, recognising the foundational roles of ecosystems and the services they provide in risk management. Zoonotic disease risks are ultimately interlinked with biodiversity crises and water insecurity. The need to respond to the Covid-19 pandemic ongoing at the time of writing creates an opportunity for systemic policy change, placing scientific knowledge of the value and services of ecosystems at the heart of societal concerns as a key foundation for a more secure future. Rapid political responses and unprecedented economic stimuli reacting to the pandemic demonstrate that systemic change is achievable at scale and pace, and is also therefore transferrable to other existential, global-scale threats including climate change and the 'biodiversity crisis'. This also highlights the need for concerted global action, and is also consistent with the duties, and ultimately the self-interests, of developed, donor nations."}, {"pmid": 32403983, "title": "Neurotropic mechanisms in COVID-19 and their potential influence on neuropsychological outcomes in children.", "journal": "Child Neuropsychol", "authors": ["Condie, Lois O"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403983", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Children have shown more physical resilience to COVID-19 than adults, but there is a cohort of vulnerable infants and young children who may experience disease burden, both in the acute phase and chronically. Children may have had early undocumented exposure to COVID-19. Even when the risk of exposure was known, developmental variables may have made the avoidance of physical proximity difficult for children. Preliminary hypotheses concerning neurotropic factors have been documented by researchers. Children with COVID-19 and comorbid physical or mental disorders may be vulnerable to exacerbations of neurotropic factors and comorbidities, the neural impact of which has been documented for other coronaviruses. Researchers are investigating COVID-19 symptom descriptions, neurotropic mechanisms at the genomic and transcriptomatic levels, neurological manifestations, and the impact of comorbid health complications. Neuropsychologists need information concerning the likely impact of COVID-19 on children. With a view toward that goal, this article provides recommendations for some initial updates in neuropsychology practice."}, {"pmid": 32321614, "pmcid": "PMC7198456", "title": "Respiratory protection for healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mermel, Leonard A"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321614", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451563, "pmcid": "PMC7246302", "title": "Predictive symptoms and comorbidities for severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit admission: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Int J Public Health", "authors": ["Jain, Vageesh", "Yuan, Jin-Min"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451563", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has a varied clinical presentation. Elderly patients with comorbidities are more vulnerable to severe disease. This study identifies specific symptoms and comorbidities predicting severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. A literature search identified studies indexed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Global Health before 5th March 2020. Two reviewers independently screened the literature and extracted data. Quality appraisal was performed using STROBE criteria. Random effects meta-analysis identified symptoms and comorbidities associated with severe COVID-19 or ICU admission. Seven studies (including 1813 COVID-19 patients) were included. ICU patients were older (62.4\u00a0years) than non-ICU (46\u00a0years), with a greater proportion of males. Dyspnoea was the only symptom predictive for severe disease (pOR 3.70, 95% CI 1.83-7.46) and ICU admission (pOR 6.55, 95% CI 4.28-10.0). COPD was the strongest predictive comorbidity for severe disease (pOR 6.42, 95% CI 2.44-16.9) and ICU admission (pOR 17.8, 95% CI 6.56-48.2), followed by cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Dyspnoea was the only symptom predictive for severe COVID-19 and ICU admission. Patients with COPD, cardiovascular disease and hypertension were\u00a0at higher risk of severe illness and ICU admission."}, {"pmid": 32437930, "pmcid": "PMC7211603", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak reproduction number estimations and forecasting in Marche, Italy.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chintalapudi, Nalini", "Battineni, Gopi", "Sagaro, Getu Gamo", "Amenta, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437930", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 disease is becoming a global pandemic and more than 200 countries were affected because of this disease. Italy is one of the countries is largely suffered with this virus outbreak, and about 180,000 cases (as of 20 April 2020) were registered which explains the large transmissibility and reproduction case numbers. In this study, we considered the Marche region of Italy to compute different daily transmission rates (Rt) including five provinces in it. We also present forecasting of daily and cumulative incidences associated after the next thirty days. The Marche region is the 8th in terms of number of people infected in Italy and the first in terms of diffusion of the infection among the 4 regions of the center of Italy. Epidemic statistics were extracted from the national Italian Health Ministry website. We considered outbreak information where the first case registered in Marche with onset symptoms (26 February 2020) to the present date (20 April 2020). Adoption of incidence and projections with R statistics was done. The median values of Rt for the five provinces of Pesaro and Urbano, Ancona, Fermo, Ascoli Piceno, and Macerata, was 2.492 (1.1-4.5), 2.162 (1.0-4.0), 1.512 (0.75-2.75), 1.141 (1.0-1.6), and 1.792 (1.0-3.5) with 95% of CI achieved. The projections at end of 30th day of the cumulative incidences 323 (95% CI), and daily incidences 45 (95% CI) could be possible. This study highlights the knowledge of essential insights into the Marche region in particular to virus transmission dynamics, geographical characteristics of positive incidences, and the necessity of implementing mitigation procedures to fight against the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32348485, "pmcid": "PMC7197534", "title": "Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Viral Shedding and Survival in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zeng, Qing-Lei", "Yu, Zu-Jiang", "Gou, Jian-Jun", "Li, Guang-Ming", "Ma, Shu-Huan", "Zhang, Guo-Fan", "Xu, Jiang-Hai", "Lin, Wan-Bao", "Cui, Guang-Lin", "Zhang, Min-Min", "Li, Cheng", "Wang, Ze-Shuai", "Zhang, Zhi-Hao", "Liu, Zhang-Suo"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348485", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported in almost all countries globally, and no effective therapy has been documented for COVID-19 and the role of convalescent plasma therapy is unknown. In current study, 6 COVID-19 subjects with respiratory failure received convalescent plasma at a median of 21.5 days after first detection of viral shedding, all tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by 3 days after infusion, and 5 died eventually. In conclusion, convalescent plasma treatment can discontinue SARS-CoV-2 shedding but cannot reduce mortality in critically end-stage COVID-19 patients, and treatment should be initiated earlier."}, {"pmid": 32416374, "pmcid": "PMC7211635", "title": "Estimation of airborne viral emission: Quanta emission rate of SARS-CoV-2 for infection risk assessment.", "journal": "Environ Int", "authors": ["Buonanno, G", "Stabile, L", "Morawska, L"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416374", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Airborne transmission is a pathway of contagion that is still not sufficiently investigated despite the evidence in the scientific literature of the role it can play in the context of an epidemic. While the medical research area dedicates efforts to find cures and remedies to counteract the effects of a virus, the engineering area is involved in providing risk assessments in indoor environments by simulating the airborne transmission of the virus during an epidemic. To this end, virus air emission data are needed. Unfortunately, this information is usually available only after the outbreak, based on specific reverse engineering cases. In this work, a novel approach to estimate the viral load emitted by a contagious subject on the basis of the viral load in the mouth, the type of respiratory activity (e.g. breathing, speaking, whispering), respiratory physiological parameters (e.g. inhalation rate), and activity level (e.g. resting, standing, light exercise) is proposed. The results showed that high quanta emission rates (>100\u00a0quanta\u00a0h-1) can be reached by an asymptomatic infectious SARS-CoV-2 subject performing vocalization during light activities (i.e. walking slowly) whereas a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 subject in resting conditions mostly has a low quanta emission rate (<1\u00a0quantum\u00a0h-1). The findings in terms of quanta emission rates were then adopted in infection risk models to demonstrate its application by evaluating the number of people infected by an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 subject in Italian indoor microenvironments before and after the introduction of virus containment measures. The results obtained from the simulations clearly highlight that a key role is played by proper ventilation in containment of the virus in indoor environments."}, {"pmid": 32479113, "title": "Modeling compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines: the critical role of trust in science.", "journal": "Psychol Health Med", "authors": ["Plohl, Nejc", "Musil, Bojan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479113", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic is one of the biggest health crises of our time. In response to this global problem, various institutions around the world had soon issued evidence-based prevention guidelines. However, these guidelines, which were designed to slow the spread of COVID-19 and contribute to public well-being, are (deliberately) disregarded by some individuals. In the present study, we aimed to develop and test a multivariate model that could help us identify individual characteristics that make a person more/less likely to comply with COVID-19 prevention guidelines. A total of 525 attentive participants completed the online survey. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) show that COVID-19 risk perception and trust in science both independently predict compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines, while the remaining variables in the model (political conservatism, religious orthodoxy, conspiracy ideation and intellectual curiosity) do so via the mediating role of trust in science. The described model exhibited an acceptable fit (\u03c72(1611)\u00a0=\u00a02485.84, p < .001, CFI\u00a0= .91, RMSEA\u00a0= .032, SRMR\u00a0= .055). These findings thus provide empirical support for the proposed multivariate model and underline the importance of trust in science in explaining the different levels of compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32335609, "title": "Clinical Profile of Cases of COVID-19 in Far Western Province of Nepal.", "journal": "J Nepal Health Res Counc", "authors": ["Joshi, Jagadish", "Mishra, Pradip", "Kamar, Sher Bahadur", "Sharma, Nirajan Datta", "Parajuli, Janaki", "Sharma, Seema", "Pandey, Hem Raj"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335609", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cause various symptoms such as pneumonia, fever, breathing difficult and lung infection. Till now, total 9 cases are reported in Nepal and 4 cases from this province. This case series is to describe the initial clinical features of COVID-19 among the patients admitted in isolation ward of Seti Provincial Hospital. Oropharyngeal swab was taken from all four patients and sample was transfer to national reference laboratory. Three patients were coming from infected country and one is local transmission. Age of patients was range from 20 to 40 years of age with male preponderance. The patient coming from United Arab Emirate was presented with mild symptoms and others were asymptomatic. More tests, contact tracing and keeping them in quarantine are the necessitated action need to be taken by government of Nepal. Keywords: COVID-19; local transmission; oropharyngeal swab."}, {"pmid": 32284090, "pmcid": "PMC7242773", "title": "Challenges and Responses: A Tertiary Hospital in 2019-nCoV Epidemic.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Li, Hong", "Zhang, Zhuo", "Li, Ping", "Nie, Hu"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284090", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus in Wuhan, China, has imposed challenges on the Chinese medical system. Not only the dramatically increasing number of infected cases and insufficient medical resources, but also the peoples' panic throughout the whole country have made medical services extremely difficult. To respond to these challenges effectively, our hospital implemented an urgent response strategy, including human resources and medical resources preparation and re-allocation, immediate fever screening, strict patient-visiting flow management, and reasonable information communication. Our experience and response measures could provide a reference for other hospitals in the current situation."}, {"pmid": 32526046, "title": "Secondary HLH is uncommon in severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Wood, Henry", "Jones, John", "Hui, Kit", "Mare, Tracey", "Pirani, Tasneem", "Galloway, James", "Metaxa, Victoria", "Benjamin, Reuben", "Rutherford, Andrew", "Cain, Sharon", "Kulasekararaj, Austin G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526046", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe cases of COVID-19, caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, have been associated with a hyperinflammatory state.(Huang, Wang et al. 2020) This has been described as a form of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)(Bergsten, Horne et al. 2017) that may contribute to increased mortality.(Ramos-Casals, Brito-Zeron et al. 2014) Screening with the HScore(Fardet, Galicier et al. 2014) to identify cases has been recommended to guide immunosuppressive therapy(Mehta, McAuley et al. 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32267963, "pmcid": "PMC7262214", "title": "Battling COVID-19: critical care and peri-operative healthcare resource management strategies in a tertiary academic medical centre in Singapore.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Lee, C C M", "Thampi, S", "Lewin, B", "Lim, T J D", "Rippin, B", "Wong, W H", "Agrawal, R V"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267963", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a cluster of atypical pneumonia cases were reported in Wuhan, China, and a novel coronavirus elucidated as the aetiologic agent. Although most initial cases occurred in China, the disease, termed coronavirus disease 2019, has become a pandemic and continues to spread rapidly with human-to-human transmission in many countries. This is the third novel coronavirus outbreak in the last two decades and presents an ensuing healthcare resource burden that threatens to overwhelm available healthcare resources. A study of the initial Chinese response has shown that there is a significant positive association between coronavirus disease 2019 mortality and healthcare resource burden. Based on the Chinese experience, some 19% of coronavirus disease 2019 cases develop severe or critical disease. This results in a need for adequate preparation and mobilisation of critical care resources to anticipate and adapt to a surge in coronavirus disease 2019 case-load in order to mitigate morbidity and mortality. In this article, we discuss some of the peri-operative and critical care resource planning considerations and management strategies employed in a tertiary academic medical centre in Singapore in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32444482, "title": "Efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma for severe COVID-19 based on evidence in other severe respiratory viral infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Devasenapathy, Niveditha", "Ye, Zhikang", "Loeb, Mark", "Fang, Fang", "Najafabadi, Borna Tadayon", "Xiao, Yingqi", "Couban, Rachel", "Begin, Philippe", "Guyatt, Gordon"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444482", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain uncertain. To support a guideline on COVID-19 management, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 and other severe respiratory viral infections. In March 2020, we searched international and Chinese biomedical literature databases, clinical trial registries and prepublication sources for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized studies comparing patients receiving and not receiving convalescent plasma. We included patients with acute coronavirus, influenza and Ebola virus infections. We conducted a meta-analysis using random-effects models and assessed the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Of 1099 unique records, 6 studies were eligible, and none of these included patients with COVID-19. One nonrandomized study (n = 40) on convalescent plasma in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) provided uninformative results regarding mortality (relative risk [RR] 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] CI 0.01 to 1.70). Pooled estimates from 4 RCTs on influenza (n = 572) showed no convincing effects on deaths (4 RCTs, RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.81), complete recovery (2 RCTs, odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.64) or length of stay (3 RCTs, mean difference -1.62, 95% CI -3.82 to 0.58, d). The quality of evidence was very low for all efficacy outcomes. Convalescent plasma caused few or no serious adverse events in influenza RCTs (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.29, low-quality evidence). Studies of non- COVID-19 severe respiratory viral infections provide indirect, very low-quality evidence that raises the possibility that convalescent plasma has minimal or no benefit in the treatment of COVID-19 and low-quality evidence that it does not cause serious adverse events."}, {"pmid": 32327291, "pmcid": "PMC7158796", "title": "Bioactive Lipids and Coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Yasri, Sora", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327291", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253068, "pmcid": "PMC7127009", "title": "Recommendations for coronavirus infection in rheumatic diseases treated with biologic therapy.", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Ceribelli, Angela", "Motta, Francesca", "De Santis, Maria", "Ansari, Aftab A", "Ridgway, William M", "Gershwin, M Eric", "Selmi, Carlo"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253068", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus-associated disease, that was first identified in 2019 in China (CoViD-19), is a pandemic caused by a bat-derived beta-coronavirus, named SARS-CoV2. It shares homology with SARS and MERS-CoV, responsible for past outbreaks in China and in Middle East. SARS-CoV2 spread from China where the first infections were described in December 2019 and is responsible for the respiratory symptoms that can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. A cytokine storm has been shown in patients who develop fatal complications, as observed in past coronavirus infections. The management includes ventilatory support and broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, empirically utilized, as a targeted therapy and vaccines have not been developed. Based upon our limited knowledge on the pathogenesis of CoViD-19, a potential role of some anti-rheumatic drugs may be hypothesized, acting as direct antivirals or targeting host immune response. Antimalarial drugs, commonly used in rheumatology, may alter the lysosomal proteases that mediates the viral entry into the cell and have demonstrated efficacy in improving the infection. Anti-IL-1 and anti-IL-6 may interfere with the cytokine storm in severe cases and use of tocilizumab has shown good outcomes in a small cohort. Baricitinib has both antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. Checkpoints inhibitors such as anti-CD200 and anti-PD1 could have a role in the treatment of CoViD-19. Rheumatic disease patients taking immunosuppressive drugs should be recommended to maintain the chronic therapy, prevent infection by avoiding social contacts and pausing immunosuppressants in case of infection. National and international registries are being created to collect data on rheumatic patients with CoViD-19."}, {"pmid": 32333494, "pmcid": "PMC7267367", "title": "Racial Variations in COVID-19 Deaths May Be Due to Androgen Receptor Genetic Variants Associated with Prostate Cancer and Androgenetic Alopecia. Are Anti-Androgens a Potential Treatment for COVID-19?", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["McCoy, John", "Wambier, Carlos G", "Vano-Galvan, Sergio", "Shapiro, Jerry", "Sinclair, Rodney", "Muller Ramos, Paulo", "Washenik, Kenneth", "Andrade, Murilo", "Herrera, Sabina", "Goren, Andy"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333494", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435272, "pmcid": "PMC7224342", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 9 cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Chin Med", "authors": ["Zeng, Yong", "Zhang, Bo", "Zhang, Xufeng", "Yi, Cunjian"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435272", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases was caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China. Cancer patients are a special group, the immunity of them will be suppressed because of various anti-tumor treatments, and the risk of infection will be greatly increased, so we will report clinical features of 9 cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. 5 (56%) patients were ordinary type, 3 (33%) were severe type, and 1 (11%) was critical type. A total of 8 patients received combined therapy of traditional Chinese medicines and western medicines. From the clinical outcomes of these 8 patients, western combined therapy of traditional Chinese medicine was indeed an effective treatment method. D-dimmer rise, infection index rise, and chest CT(computed tomography) progression may be clinical warning indicators for severe patients, in our study, more 50% of patients had elevated levels of these indicators, but only 44% (including the dead) of patients had received treatment in the intensive care unit. 5 (56%) ordinary type patients had been discharged, while the 1 (11%) critical type patient died 3 days after admission. Cancer comorbidity seems to have no direct relationship with severe events, and the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine may be effective in the prevention and treatment of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (NICP)."}, {"pmid": 32438868, "title": "ddPCR: a more accurate tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection in low viral load specimens.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Suo, Tao", "Liu, Xinjin", "Feng, Jiangpeng", "Guo, Ming", "Hu, Wenjia", "Guo, Dong", "Ullah, Hafiz", "Yang, Yang", "Zhang, Qiuhan", "Wang, Xin", "Sajid, Muhanmmad", "Huang, Zhixiang", "Deng, Liping", "Chen, Tielong", "Liu, Fang", "Xu, Ke", "Liu, Yuan", "Zhang, Qi", "Liu, Yingle", "Xiong, Yong", "Chen, Guozhong", "Lan, Ke", "Chen, Yu"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438868", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Quantitative real time PCR (RT-PCR) is widely used as the gold standard for clinical detection of SARS-CoV-2. However, due to the low viral load specimens and the limitations of RT-PCR, significant numbers of false negative reports are inevitable, which results in failure to timely diagnose, cut off transmission, and assess discharge criteria. To improve this situation, an optimized droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used for detection of SARS-CoV-2, which showed that the limit of detection of ddPCR is significantly lower than that of RT-PCR. We further explored the feasibility of ddPCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA from 77 patients, and compared with RT-PCR in terms of the diagnostic accuracy based on the results of follow-up survey. 26 patients of COVID-19 with negative RT-PCR reports were reported as positive by ddPCR. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and accuracy were improved from 40% (95% CI: 27-55%), 100% (95% CI: 54-100%), 100%, 16% (95% CI: 13-19%), 0.6 (95% CI: 0.48-0.75) and 47% (95% CI: 33-60%) for RT-PCR to 94% (95% CI: 83-99%), 100% (95% CI: 48-100%), 100%, 63% (95% CI: 36-83%), 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02-0.18), and 95% (95% CI: 84-99%) for ddPCR, respectively. Moreover, 6/14 (42.9%) convalescents were detected as positive by ddPCR at 5-12 days post discharge. Overall, ddPCR shows superiority for clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 to reduce the false negative reports, which could be a powerful complement to the RT-PCR."}, {"pmid": 32430783, "pmcid": "PMC7235540", "title": "Usefulness of an Online Preliminary Questionnaire under the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Hur, Jian", "Chang, Min Cheol"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430783", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361628, "pmcid": "PMC7167574", "title": "Lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Will virtual patient management reshape uro-oncology in Germany?", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Rodler, Severin", "Apfelbeck, Maria", "Stief, Christian", "Heinemann, Volker", "Casuscelli, Jozefina"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361628", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is challenging for physicians treating patients with genitourinary cancers as they are considered at high risk of severe events. The uro-oncology outpatient clinic at our academic institution was affected early by the outbreak owing to the widespread infection of healthcare personnel. Subsequently, we developed a strategy to ensure the patient's safety by efforts focused on strict quarantine observation, reduction of clinic visits and implementation of virtual patient management into the workflow. Furthermore, we analysed susceptibility to COVID-19 and its effects on patients with uro-oncological cancer treated with antitumoural agents. The goal is to warrant high-quality cancer care, despite being an academic centre on the front line of Germany's response to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32489929, "pmcid": "PMC7242306", "title": "A systematic review of chest imaging findings in COVID-19.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Sun, Zhonghua", "Zhang, Nan", "Li, Yu", "Xu, Xunhua"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489929", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chest computed tomography (CT) is frequently used in diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for detecting abnormal changes in the lungs and monitoring disease progression during the treatment process. Furthermore, CT imaging appearances are correlated with patients presenting with different clinical scenarios, such as early versus advanced stages, asymptomatic versus symptomatic patients, and severe versus nonsevere situations. However, its role as a screening and diagnostic tool in COVID-19 remains to be clarified. This article provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature on chest CT imaging findings with the aim of highlighting the contribution and judicious use of CT in the diagnosis of COVID-19. A search of PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Scopus was performed to identify studies reporting chest imaging findings in COVID-19. Chest imaging abnormalities associated with COVID-19 were extracted from the eligible studies and diagnostic value of CT in detecting these abnormal changes was compared between studies consisting of both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. A random-effects model was used to perform meta-analysis for calculation of pooled mean values and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of abnormal imaging findings. Fifty-five studies met the selection criteria and were included in the analysis. Pulmonary lesions more often involved bilateral lungs (78%, 95% CI: 45-100%) and were more likely to have a peripheral (65.35%, 95% CI: 25.93-100%) and peripheral plus central distribution (31.12%, 95% CI: 1.96-74.07%), but less likely to have a central distribution (3.57%, 95% CI: 0.99-9.80%). Ground glass opacities (GGO) (58.05%, 95% CI: 16.67-100%), consolidation (44.18%, 95% CI: 1.61-71.46%) and GGO plus consolidation (52.99%, 95% CI: 19.05-76.79%) were the most common findings reported in 94.5% (52/55) of the studies, followed by air bronchogram (42.50%, 95% CI: 7.78-80.39%), linear opacities (41.29%, 95% CI: 7.44-65.06%), crazy-paving pattern (23.57%, 95% CI: 3.13-91.67%) and interlobular septal thickening (22.91%, 95% CI: 0.90-80.49%). CT has low specificity in differentiating pneumonia-related lung changes due to significant overlap between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients with no significant differences in most of the imaging findings between these two groups (P>0.05). Furthermore, normal CT (13.31%, 95% CI: 0.74-38.36%) was reported in 26 (47.3%) studies. Despite widespread use of CT in the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients based on the current literature, CT findings are not pathognomonic as it lacks specificity in differentiating imaging appearances caused by different types of pneumonia. Further, there is a relatively high percentage of normal CT scans. Use of CT as a first-line diagnostic or screening tool in COVID-19 is not recommended."}, {"pmid": 32440970, "pmcid": "PMC7241062", "title": "COVID-19, Telemedicine, and Patient Empowerment in HIV Care and Research.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Mgbako, Ofole", "Miller, Emily H", "Santoro, Anthony F", "Remien, Robert H", "Shalev, Noga", "Olender, Susan", "Gordon, Peter", "Sobieszczyk, Magda E"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440970", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501307, "pmcid": "PMC7241368", "title": "Competing during a pandemic? Retailers' ups and downs during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Bus Res", "authors": ["Pantano, Eleonora", "Pizzi, Gabriele", "Scarpi, Daniele", "Dennis, Charles"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501307", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic (that started in early 2020) is causing several disruptions in the short- and mid-term, to which businesses have to adapt. Some retailers have reacted to the emergency immediately, displaying a plethora of different intervention types. The authors aim to synthesize the challenges that retailers are facing during the COVID-19 emergency. We do this from the perspective of both consumers and managers, with the goal of providing guidelines on and examples of how retailers can handle this unprecedented situation."}, {"pmid": 32282949, "pmcid": "PMC7262337", "title": "Hematological findings and complications of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Terpos, Evangelos", "Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Ioannis", "Elalamy, Ismail", "Kastritis, Efstathios", "Sergentanis, Theodoros N", "Politou, Marianna", "Psaltopoulou, Theodora", "Gerotziafas, Grigoris", "Dimopoulos, Meletios A"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282949", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a systemic infection with a significant impact on the hematopoietic system and hemostasis. Lymphopenia may be considered as a cardinal laboratory finding, with prognostic potential. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and peak platelet/lymphocyte ratio may also have prognostic value in determining severe cases. During the disease course, longitudinal evaluation of lymphocyte count dynamics and inflammatory indices, including LDH, CRP and IL-6 may help to identify cases with dismal prognosis and prompt intervention in order to improve outcomes. Biomarkers, such high serum procalcitonin and ferritin have also emerged as poor prognostic factors. Furthermore, blood hypercoagulability is common among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Elevated D-Dimer levels are consistently reported, whereas their gradual increase during disease course is particularly associated with disease worsening. Other coagulation abnormalities such as PT and aPTT prolongation, fibrin degradation products increase, with severe thrombocytopenia lead to life-threatening disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which necessitates continuous vigilance and prompt intervention. So, COVID-19 infected patients, whether hospitalized or ambulatory, are at high risk for venous thromboembolism, and an early and prolonged pharmacological thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin is highly recommended. Last but not least, the need for assuring blood donations during the pandemic is also highlighted."}, {"pmid": 32338017, "title": "COVID-19 and the digestive system: protection and management during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Esp Enferm Dig", "authors": ["Crespo, Javier", "Iglesias-Garcia, Julio", "Hinojosa Del Val, Joaquin E", "Garcia Garcia, Federico", "Gil de Miguel, Angel", "Fernandez Carrillo, Carlos", "Ampuero, Javier", "Perez-Cuadrado Martinez, Enrique"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338017", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this rapid review is to provide an update on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on Gastroenterology and Hepatology departments, our patients, and our new way of working. The gastrointestinal tract and the liver are affected by SARS-CoV-2, especially in patients with immunosuppressive therapies. Patients with liver transplantation should be followed closely. Digestive endoscopy is a high-risk procedure for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. While the pandemic lasts, we must adapt its indications and promote protective measures for patients and healthcare professionals alike. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed our priorities and the way we work, although we do not know what the repercussions will be after normality is reinstated."}, {"pmid": 32302815, "pmcid": "PMC7151272", "title": "Psychological status of surgical staff during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Xu, Jian", "Xu, Qian-Hui", "Wang, Chang-Ming", "Wang, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302815", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which appeared in early December 2019, had an atypical viral pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei, China. And there is a high risk of global proliferation and impact. The sudden increase in confirmed cases has brought tremendous stress and anxiety to frontline surgical staff. The results showed that the anxiety and depression of surgical staff during the outbreak period were significantly higher and mental health problems appeared, so psychological interventions are essential."}, {"pmid": 32355330, "pmcid": "PMC7192055", "title": "Inactivated vaccine for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Risson, Emma"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355330", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514386, "pmcid": "PMC7267758", "title": "Translational simulation for rapid transformation of health services, using the example of the COVID-19 pandemic preparation.", "journal": "Adv Simul (Lond)", "authors": ["Brazil, Victoria", "Lowe, Belinda", "Ryan, Leanne", "Bourke, Rachel", "Scott, Clare", "Myers, Simone", "Kaneko, Hellen", "Schweitzer, Jane", "Shanahan, Brenton"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514386", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare simulation has significant potential for helping health services to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Rapid changes to care pathways and processes needed for protection of staff and patients may be facilitated by a translational simulation approach-diagnosing changes needed, developing and testing new processes and then embedding new systems and teamwork through training. However, there are also practical constraints on running in situ simulations during a pandemic-the need for physical distancing, rigorous infection control for manikins and training equipment and awareness of heightened anxiety among simulation participants. We describe our institution's simulation strategy for COVID-19 preparation and reflect on the lessons learned-for simulation programs and for health services seeking to utilise translational simulation during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. We offer practical suggestions for a translational simulation strategy and simulation delivery within pandemic constraints. We also suggest simulation programs develop robust strategies, governance and relationships for managing change within institutions-balancing clinician engagement, systems engineering expertise and the power of translational simulation for diagnosing, testing and embedding changes."}, {"pmid": 32485300, "pmcid": "PMC7260506", "title": "Pneumatosis Intestinalis in COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Lakshmanan, Seetha", "Toubia, Nabil"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485300", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398839, "pmcid": "PMC7216571", "title": "Amniotic membrane harvesting during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Yeung, Tiffany L M", "Liu, Shasha", "Li, Brian C Y", "Mok, K M", "Li, Kenneth K W"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398839", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305269, "pmcid": "PMC7152921", "title": "Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19): A case series of early suspected cases reported and the implications towards the response to the pandemic in Zimbabwe.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Makurumidze, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305269", "countries": ["Zimbabwe"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Zimbabwe is among the countries that have been identified to be at risk of the COVID-19 pandemic. As of the 15th of March 2020, there was no confirmed case of the virus. Official reports of suspected cases were used to appraise the general screening, case management, and the emergency preparedness and response of the country towards the COVID-19 pandemic. In terms of the surveillance and capacity to screen at the ports of entry, the country seems to be faring well. The country might not be screening optimally, considering the number of COVID-19 tests conducted to date and the suspected cases who missed testing. Three of the suspected cases faced mental, social, and psychological consequences due to them being suspected cases of COVID-19. There is a need to enhance the screening process and infrastructure at all the ports of entry. More COVID-19 diagnostic tests should be procured to increase the testing capacity. Training and awareness on mental, social, and psychological consequences of COVID-19 should be offered to the health care workers and the general public. More financial resources should be sourced to enable the country control the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32529218, "title": "Statin therapy in COVID-19 infection: much more than a single pathway.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Bifulco, Maurizio", "Gazzerro, Patrizia"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529218", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492174, "title": "First case of acute pancreatitis related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Miao, Y", "Lidove, O", "Mauhin, W"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492174", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385067, "title": "Impact of climate and public health interventions on the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective cohort study.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Juni, Peter", "Rothenbuhler, Martina", "Bobos, Pavlos", "Thorpe, Kevin E", "da Costa, Bruno R", "Fisman, David N", "Slutsky, Arthur S", "Gesink, Dionne"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385067", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is unclear whether seasonal changes, school closures or other public health interventions will result in a slowdown of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We aimed to determine whether epidemic growth is globally associated with climate or public health interventions intended to reduce transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We performed a prospective cohort study of all 144 geopolitical areas worldwide (375 609 cases) with at least 10 COVID-19 cases and local transmission by Mar. 20, 2020, excluding China, South Korea, Iran and Italy. Using weighted random-effects regression, we determined the association between epidemic growth (expressed as ratios of rate ratios [RRR] comparing cumulative counts of COVID-19 cases on Mar. 27, 2020, with cumulative counts on Mar. 20, 2020) and latitude, temperature, humidity, school closures, restrictions of mass gatherings, and measures of social distancing during an exposure period 14 days previously (Mar. 7 to 13, 2020). In univariate analyses, there were few or no associations of epidemic growth with latitude and temperature, but weak negative associations with relative humidity (RRR per 10% 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85-0.96) and absolute humidity (RRR per 5 g/m3 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99). Strong associations were found for restrictions of mass gatherings (RRR 0.65, 95% CI 0.53-0.79), school closures (RRR 0.63, 95% CI 0.52-0.78) and measures of social distancing (RRR 0.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.85). In a multivariable model, there was a strong association with the number of implemented public health interventions (p for trend = 0.001), whereas the association with absolute humidity was no longer significant. Epidemic growth of COVID-19 was not associated with latitude and temperature, but may be associated weakly with relative or absolute humidity. Conversely, public health interventions were strongly associated with reduced epidemic growth."}, {"pmid": 32305011, "pmcid": "PMC7136890", "title": "Conducting phase 1 cancer clinical trials during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related disease pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Tarantino, Paolo", "Trapani, Dario", "Curigliano, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305011", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501380, "pmcid": "PMC7248624", "title": "Exploring the roles of high-speed train, air and coach services in the spread of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Transp Policy (Oxf)", "authors": ["Zhang, Yahua", "Zhang, Anming", "Wang, Jiaoe"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501380", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To understand the roles of different transport modes in the spread of COVID-19 pandemic across Chinese cities, this paper looks at the factors influencing the number of imported cases from Wuhan and the spread speed and pattern of the pandemic. We find that frequencies of air flights and high-speed train (HST) services out of Wuhan are significantly associated with the number of COVID-19 cases in the destination cities. The presence of an airport or HST station at a city is significantly related to the speed of the pandemic spread, but its link with the total number of confirmed cases is weak. The farther the distance from Wuhan, the lower number of cases in a city and the slower the dissemination of the pandemic. The longitude and latitude coordinates do not have a significant relationship with the number of total cases but can increase the speed of the COVID-19 spread. Specifically, cities in the higher longitudinal region tended to record a COVID-19 case earlier than their counterparties in the west. Cities in the north were more likely to report the first case later than those in the south. The pandemic may emerge in large cities earlier than in small cities as GDP is a factor positively associated with the spread speed."}, {"pmid": 32320331, "title": "Sex and Gender Disparities in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Womens Health (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Gausman, Jewel", "Langer, Ana"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320331", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459137, "title": "Evaluating the use of posterior oropharyngeal saliva in a point-of-care assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Jonathan Hon-Kwan", "Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "Poon, Rosana Wing-Shan", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459137", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, logistic problems associated with specimen collection limited the SARS-CoV-2 testing especially in the community. In this study, we assessed the use of posterior oropharyngeal saliva as specimens for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in an automated point-of-care molecular assay. Archived nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and posterior oropharyngeal saliva specimens of 58 COVID-19 patients were tested with the Xpert\u00ae Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in either NPS or saliva specimens of all patients. Among them, 84.5% (49/58) tested positive in both NPS and saliva, 10.3% (6/58) tested positive in NPS only, and 5.2% (3/58) tested positive in saliva only. No significant difference in detection rate was observed between NPS and saliva (McNemar's test p=0.5078). The detection rate was slightly higher for N2 (NPS 94.8% and Saliva 93.1%) than that of the E gene target (Saliva:89.7% vs 82.8%) on both specimen types. Significant earlier median Ct value was observed for NPS comparing to that of saliva on both E (26.8 vs 29.7, p=0.0002) and N2 gene target (29.3 vs 32.3, p=0.0002). The median Ct value of E gene target was significantly earlier than that of the N2 gene target for both NPS (26.8 vs 29.3, p<0.0001) and saliva (29.7 vs 32.3, p<0.0001). In conclusion, posterior oropharyngeal saliva and NPS were found to have similar detection rates in the point-of-care test for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Due to the easy collection of posterior oropharyngeal saliva, the use of saliva as an alternative specimen type for SARS-CoV-2 detection is recommended."}, {"pmid": 32396986, "pmcid": "PMC7272992", "title": "Multidisciplinary guidance for safe tracheostomy care during the COVID-19 pandemic: the NHS National Patient Safety Improvement Programme (NatPatSIP).", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["McGrath, B A", "Ashby, N", "Birchall, M", "Dean, P", "Doherty, C", "Ferguson, K", "Gimblett, J", "Grocott, M", "Jacob, T", "Kerawala, C", "Macnaughton, P", "Magennis, P", "Moonesinghe, R", "Twose, P", "Wallace, S", "Higgs, A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396986", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a significant increase in the number of patients requiring relatively prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation and an associated surge in patients who need a tracheostomy to facilitate weaning from respiratory support. In parallel, there has been a global increase in guidance from professional bodies representing staff who care for patients with tracheostomies at different points in their acute hospital journey, rehabilitation and recovery. Of concern are the risks to healthcare staff of infection arising from tracheostomy insertion and caring for patients with a tracheostomy. Hospitals are also facing extraordinary demands on critical care services such that many patients who require a tracheostomy will be managed outside established intensive care or head and neck units and cared for by staff with little tracheostomy experience. These concerns led NHS England and NHS Improvement to expedite the National Patient Safety Improvement Programme's 'Safe Tracheostomy Care' workstream as part of the NHS COVID-19 response. Supporting this workstream, UK stakeholder organisations involved in tracheostomy care were invited to develop consensus guidance based on: expert opinion; the best available published literature; and existing multidisciplinary guidelines. Topics with direct relevance for frontline staff were identified. This consensus guidance includes: infectivity of patients with respect to tracheostomy indications and timing; aerosol-generating procedures and risks to staff; insertion procedures; and management following tracheostomy."}, {"pmid": 32239125, "title": "[Remdesivir, the antiviral hope against SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Rev Esp Quimioter", "authors": ["Reina, J"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239125", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019 a pneumonia outbreak caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was detected in the city of Wuhan (China). Due to the high capacity of diffusion and human infection it has become a new zoonotic pandemic. The absence of a vaccine has determined the search for antiviral drugs with the capacity to inhibit the replication of the new virus. Among them, remdesivir, an analogue of adenosine, is what seems to have a more promising future. This drug has shown in vitro and in animals a high capacity to block infection and viral replication with attainable concentrations in human plasma. Although all studies have been carried out with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, it seems that by virological and functional analogy, remdesivir is one of the few antiviral drugs with proven efficacy. However, studies and clinical trials in humans are required to know the result of their application in them."}, {"pmid": 32500326, "pmcid": "PMC7271634", "title": "Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in 100 patients hospitalized for COVID-19: sex differences and recovery time in real-life.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Meini, Simone", "Suardi, Lorenzo Roberto", "Busoni, Michele", "Roberts, Anna Teresa", "Fortini, Alberto"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500326", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 displays a variety of clinical manifestations; in pauci-symptomatic patients olfactory (OD) and gustatory dysfunctions (GD) may represent the first or only symptom. This topic is currently arousing great interest, and a growing number of papers are being published. Aim of this study is to investigate the timing of recovery from OD and GD in a real-life population hospitalized for COVID-19. We followed up by a phone interview the first 100 patients discharged a month earlier from three Italian non-intensive care wards. All 100 patients were Caucasian, mean age was 65\u00a0years, 60% were males. Forty-two patients (mean age 63\u00a0years) experienced subjective chemosensory dysfunctions (29 OD and 41 GD): the male/female ratio was 2:1; 83% reported a complete or near complete recovery at follow-up. The recovery rate was not significantly different between males and females. The mean duration of OD and GD was 18 and 16\u00a0days, respectively. The mean recovery time from OD or GD resulted significantly longer for females than for males (26 vs 14\u00a0days, P\u2009=\u20090.009). Among the 42 symptomatic, the mean age of males was significantly higher than that of females (66 vs 57\u00a0years, P\u2009=\u20090.04), while the opposite was observed in the 58 asymptomatic patients (60 vs 73\u00a0years, P\u2009=\u20090.0018). Recovery from OD or GD was rapid, occurring within 4\u00a0weeks in most patients. Chemosensory dysfunctions in women was less frequent, but longer lasting. The value of our study is its focus on a population of hospitalized patients significantly older than those previously described, and the additional data on gender differences."}, {"pmid": 32433293, "pmcid": "PMC7268837", "title": "Minimizing the Risk of Aerosol Contamination During Elective Lung Resection Surgery.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Rakovich, George", "Urbanowicz, Robert", "Issa, Rami", "Wang, Han Ting"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433293", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, the conduct of elective cancer surgery has become an issue because of the need to balance the requirement to treat patients with the possibility of transmission of the virus by asymptomatic carriers. A particular concern is the potential for viral transmission by way of aerosol which may be generated during perioperative care. There are currently no guidelines for the conduct of elective lung resection surgery in this context. A working group composed of 1 thoracic surgeon, 2 anesthesiologists and 1 critical care specialist assessed the risk for aerosol during lung resection surgery and proposed steps for mitigation. After external review, a final draft was approved by the Committee for the Governance of Perioperative and Surgical Activities of the H\u00f4pital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, in Montreal, Canada. The working group divided the risk for aerosol into 6 time-points: (1) intubation and extubation; (2) Lung isolation and patient positioning; (3) access to the chest; (4) conduct of the surgical procedure; (5) procedure termination and lung re-expansion; (6) chest drainage. Mitigating strategies were proposed for each time-point. The situation with COVID-19 is an opportunity to re-evaluate operating room protocols both for the purposes of this pandemic and similar situations in the future. In the context of lung resection surgery, specific time points during the procedure seem to pose specific risks for the genesis of aerosol and thus should be the focus of attention."}, {"pmid": 32420519, "pmcid": "PMC7224167", "title": "Endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic: simple construction of a single-use, disposable face shield using inexpensive and readily available materials.", "journal": "VideoGIE", "authors": ["Skamnelos, Alexandros", "Murino, Alberto", "Lazaridis, Nikolaos", "Cunado, Lloyd", "Despott, Edward J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420519", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391446, "pmcid": "PMC7205721", "title": "Noncontact endoscopy for infection-free gastric examination during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "VideoGIE", "authors": ["Pan, Jun", "Li, Zhaoshen", "Liao, Zhuan"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391446", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515864, "title": "Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 for general workers.", "journal": "J Occup Health", "authors": ["Shimazu, Akihito", "Nakata, Akinori", "Nagata, Tomohisa", "Arakawa, Yutaka", "Kuroda, Sachiko", "Inamizu, Nobuyuki", "Yamamoto, Isamu"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515864", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414671, "pmcid": "PMC7205624", "title": "How Neurosurgeons Are Coping with COVID-19 and How It Impacts Our Neurosurgical Practice: Report from Geneva University Medical Center.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Molliqaj, Granit", "Schaller, Karl"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414671", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353790, "pmcid": "PMC7195058", "title": "Biomass use and COVID-19: A novel concern.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["Thakur, Megha", "Boudewijns, Esther A", "Babu, Giridhara R", "van Schayck, Onno C P"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353790", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evidence supports the link between air pollution and COVID-19 and thus it is likely that exposure to biomass smoke is associated with COVID-19. The poor, including refugees and migrant workers staying in fragile conditions, are most vulnerable. An outbreak of COVID-19 in a place where the concept of physical distancing is next to impossible could easily overwhelm the public health system. It is thus essential to understand the consequences of being exposed to smoke in relation to COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32303025, "title": "Crisis Psychodrama in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatr Danub", "authors": ["Mindoljevic Drakulic, Aleksandra", "Radman, Vivijana"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303025", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This work gives an overview of the methods of scenic expression which can be used to help cope with the crisis caused by the global threat of the coronavirus pandemic. The virus is new, the vaccine has not been developed yet and there are no unified prevention and post-prevention policies. In the following lines some modified elements of psychodrama interventions are presented including the ways of preventing the retraumatization of the patient (protagonist). This can be achieved by conscious reliving of the trauma and by activating new, transformative roles to guide the protagonist on his way to recovery."}, {"pmid": 32281165, "pmcid": "PMC7262177", "title": "Nursing homes and COVID-19: We can and should do better.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Davidson, Patricia M", "Szanton, Sarah L"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281165", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484887, "title": "Clinical performance of the Elecsys electrochemiluminescent immunoassay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Favresse, Julien", "Eucher, Christine", "Elsen, Marc", "Marie, Tre-Hardy", "Dogne, Jean-Michel", "Douxfils, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484887", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531948, "title": "A Guide for Oncologic Patient Management during Covid-19 Pandemic: The Initial Experience of an Italian Oncologic Hub with Exemplificative Focus on Uro-Oncologic Patients.", "journal": "Cancers (Basel)", "authors": ["Mistretta, Francesco A", "Luzzago, Stefano", "Molendini, Luigi Orlando", "Ferro, Matteo", "Dossena, Enza", "Mastrilli, Fabrizio", "Musi, Gennaro", "de Cobelli, Ottavio"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531948", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent exponential increase in the number of COVID-19 patients in Italy led to the adoption of specific extraordinary measures, such as the need to convey treatment of all non-deferrable cancer patients to specialized centres (hubs). We reported a comprehensive summary of guidelines to create and run an oncologic hub during the COVID-19 pandemic. Oncologic hubs must fulfil some specific requirements such as a high experience in oncologic patient treatment, strict strategies applied to remain a \"COVID-19-free\" centre, and the creation of a dedicated multidisciplinary \"hub team\". Cancer treatment of patients who belong to external centres, namely spoke centres, could be organized in different pathways according to the grade of involvement and/or availability of the medical team of the spoke centre. Moreover, dedicated areas should be created for the management and treatment of patients who developed COVID-19 symptoms after hospitalization (i.e., dedicated wards, operation rooms and intensive care beds). Lastly, hospital staff must be highly trained for both preventing COVID-19 contagion and treating patients who develop the infection. We provided a simplified, but complete and easily applicable guide. We believe that this guide could help those clinicians who have to treat oncologic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32405105, "pmcid": "PMC7217650", "title": "Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Marinho, Paula M", "Marcos, Allexya A A", "Romano, Andre C", "Nascimento, Heloisa", "Belfort, Rubens Jr"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405105", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528820, "pmcid": "PMC7282417", "title": "Early Trend of Imported COVID-19 Cases in South Korea.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528820", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to observe the initial trend of imported COVID-19 cases in South Korea since the beginning of the outbreak. All imported cases were classified into 5 regions (China, Asia, Europe, Africa, and America) according to travel history and potential exposure to the COVID-19. The list of countries for which confirmed cases had a travel history (single visit, multiple visits) and presented, were used to estimate the potential \"exposure countries\" of confirmed cases. For better understanding of the overall imported cases, time differences (day) among 3 major steps (symptom onset, entry to South Korea, laboratory confirmation) were measured based on available data. From the first importation of a COVID-19 case on January 20th, a total of 171 imported cases have been officially reported in South Korea as of March 23rd 2020. The overall trend of importation has significantly changed during this period. Importation of confirmed cases were initially from China, and subsequently from other Asian countries. After that, importation from Europe rapidly increased, with importation from America also increasing. One hundred fifteen (81%) were confirmed within 7 days of symptom onset. One Hundred forty three (84.1%) imported cases were confirmed within a week after entry into South Korea. One hundred seven imported cases (75.9%) developed symptoms within 5 days before or after, entry to South Korea. Streamlined processes of detection, subsequent testing, isolation, and treatment by public health authority, was key in minimizing the risk of secondary transmission."}, {"pmid": 32519674, "title": "[Exploration and practice of online teaching system of medical immunology based on small private online course (SPOC) model during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic].", "journal": "Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Wei", "Zhang, Yusi", "Tang, Kang", "Zhang, Yun", "Liu, Kan", "Zhang, Rui", "Zhuang, Ran"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519674", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Chinese Ministry of Education put forward the requirement of turning offline education into online teaching to universities. Our department positively responded and rapidly mobilized to establish an online teaching system of medical immunology based on the small private online course (SPOC) model, which has a main body of the SPOC model with \"video course as the main part, supplemented by online Q&A\". The system also has feedback improvement sections of online discussion and chapter tests and evaluates the quality and effect of teaching with students' group display, course examination, and questionnaires. At the same time, the COVID-19 hotspot is also organically combined with immunological knowledge throughout the online teaching. In this process, our department continuously summarizes experiences and discovers problems. Herein, we generalize and sort out the exploration and practice of constructing the online teaching system, to carry out offline teaching after the pandemic and to continue this teaching model in the future, for reference and guidance."}, {"pmid": 32449128, "pmcid": "PMC7246222", "title": "Covid-19 transmission, outcome and associated risk factors in cancer patients at the first month of the pandemic in a Spanish hospital in Madrid.", "journal": "Clin Transl Oncol", "authors": ["Rogado, J", "Obispo, B", "Pangua, C", "Serrano-Montero, G", "Martin Marino, A", "Perez-Perez, M", "Lopez-Alfonso, A", "Gullon, P", "Lara, M A"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449128", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are no large reported series determining the Covid-19 cancer patient's characteristics. We determine whether differences exist in cumulative incidence and mortality of Covid-19 infection between cancer patients and general population in Madrid. We reviewed 1069 medical records of all cancer patients admitted at Oncology department between Feb 1 and April 7, 2020. We described Covid-19 cumulative incidence, treatment outcome, mortality, and associated risk factors. We detected 45/1069 Covid-19 diagnoses in cancer patients vs 42,450/6,662,000 in total population (p\u2009<\u20090.00001). Mortality rate: 19/45 cancer patients vs 5586/42,450 (p\u2009=\u20090.0001). Mortality was associated with older median age, adjusted by staging and histology (74 vs 63.5\u00a0years old, OR 1.06, p\u2009=\u20090.03). Patients who combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin presented 3/18 deaths, regardless of age, staging, histology, cancer treatment and comorbidities (OR 0.02, p\u2009=\u20090.03). Cancer patients are vulnerable to Covid-19 with an increase in complications. Combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin is presented as a good treatment option."}, {"pmid": 32159317, "title": "[Comparison of epidemic characteristics between SARS in 2003 and COVID-19 in 2020 in Guangzhou].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, X Q", "Cai, W F", "Huang, L F", "Chen, C", "Liu, Y F", "Zhang, Z B", "Yuan, J", "Li, T G", "Wang, M"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159317", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: By analyzing the epidemic characteristics and related indicators of SARS and COVID-19, to explore the reasons for the similarities and differences of the two epidemics, so as to provide reference for epidemic prevention and control. Methods: The general situation, clinical classification, activity history, contact history, family members' contact and incidence of the two infectious diseases in Guangzhou were collected and used to analyze the time characteristics, occupational characteristics, age characteristics and other key indicators of the two diseases, including the number of cases, composition ratio (%), mean, median, crude mortality, etc. Results: A total of 1 072 cases of SARS were included in the study. Three hundred and fifty three were severe cases with the incidence of 30.13%. Forty three cases of death were reported with a mortality rate of 4.01%. The average age was 46 years old, and 26.31% of the cases were medical staff. The interval time between first report to continuous zero reports was 129 days. As to COVID-19, a total of 346 cases were included. 58 of which were severe cases with the incidence of 16.67%. One case of death was reported with a mortality rate of 0.29%. The average age was 38 years old, and no hospital infection among medical staff was reported. The interval time between first report to continuous zero reports was 35 days. Conclusions: The prevention and control strategies for COVID-19 were more effective compared to that of SARS, and the emergency response procedures were worth to be evaluated and summarized."}, {"pmid": 32329797, "pmcid": "PMC7182961", "title": "Characteristics of Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 in an Integrated Health Care System in California.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Myers, Laura C", "Parodi, Stephen M", "Escobar, Gabriel J", "Liu, Vincent X"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329797", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32023679, "title": "[First case of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children in Shanghai].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Cai, J H", "Wang, X S", "Ge, Y L", "Xia, A M", "Chang, H L", "Tian, H", "Zhu, Y X", "Wang, Q R", "Zeng, J S"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023679", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503800, "title": "Prone positioning in conscious patients on medical wards: A review of the evidence and its relevance to patients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Chad, Thomas", "Sampson, Caroline"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503800", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical teams continue to treat many patients with COVID-19 infection. This disease can result in profound hypoxaemia that may necessitate intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation in those who are critically ill. This intervention carries risk to both patients and healthcare workers and utilises significant hospital resource for prolonged periods. Simple, safe interventions that can be used before critical deterioration are highly desirable. The prone position in conscious non-ventilated patients with COVID-19 infection may improve oxygenation in the short term and defer or prevent the need for intubation in some. However, clinicians must be aware that there is a small evidence base for this intervention currently. This review sets out evidence regarding the use of this technique to aid the decision making of frontline staff."}, {"pmid": 32346593, "pmcid": "PMC7185936", "title": "Clinical and imaging features of COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Haixia", "Ai, Li", "Lu, Hong", "Li, Hongjun"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346593", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, multiple cases of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been reported in Wuhan in China's Hubei Province, a disease which has subsequently spread rapidly across the entire country. Highly infectious, COVID-19 has numerous transmission channels and humans are highly susceptible to infection. The main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, fatigue, and a dry cough. Laboratory examination in the early stage of the disease shows a normal or decreased white blood cell count, and a decreased lymphocyte count. While CT examination serves as the screening and diagnostic basis for COVID-19, its accuracy is limited. The nucleic acid testing is the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19, but has a low sensitivity is low. There is clearly a divide between the two means of examination. This paper reviews the published literature, guidelines and consensus, and summarizes the clinical and imaging characteristics of COVID-19, in order to provide a reliable basis for early diagnosis and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32198184, "title": "Covid-19: medical students to be employed by NHS as part of epidemic response.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198184", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527161, "title": "How Fear Appeal Approaches in COVID-19 Health Communication May Be Harming the Global Community.", "journal": "Health Educ Behav", "authors": ["Stolow, Jeni A", "Moses, Lina M", "Lederer, Alyssa M", "Carter, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As health professionals develop health communication for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we implore that these communication approaches do not include fear appeals. Fear appeals, also known as scare tactics, have been widely used to promote recommended preventive behaviors. We contend that unintended negative outcomes can result from fear appeals that intensify the already complex pandemic and efforts to contain it. We encourage public health professionals to reevaluate their desire to use fear appeals in COVID-19 health communication and recommend that evidence-based health communication be utilized to address the needs of a specific community, help people understand what they are being asked to do, explain step-by-step how to complete preventative behaviors, and consider external factors needed to support the uptake of behaviors. To aid health professionals in redirecting away from the use of fear appeals, we offer a phased approach to creating health communication messages during the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32321905, "title": "Neuropsychiatric adverse events of chloroquine: a real-world pharmacovigilance study using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Sato, Kenichiro", "Mano, Tatsuo", "Iwata, Atsushi", "Toda, Tatsushi"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321905", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late March and early April 2020, the antimalarial drug, chloroquine, has been approved as an emergency treatment for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States and in Europe. Although infrequent, neuropsychiatric symptoms have been reported in patients who received chloroquine for the treatment of malaria or autoimmune diseases. In this study, aiming to investigate these adverse events (AEs) using a large self-reporting database, we conducted a disproportionality analysis for the detection of neuropsychiatric AE signals associated with the use of chloroquine (or hydroxychloroquine), reported to FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database between the fourth quarter of 2012 and the fourth quarter of 2019. We included 2,389,474 AE cases, among which 520 cases developed neuropsychiatric AE following the use of chloroquine. Adjusted reporting odds ratio (ROR) for the development of each of the neuropsychiatric AEs following the use of chloroquine was calculated using a multilevel model: exposure to chloroquine was associated with a statistically significant high reporting of amnesia, delirium, hallucinations, depression, and loss of consciousness, (lower 95% confidence interval of the adjusted ROR > 1), although the degree of increase in their ROR was limited. There was no statistically significant high reporting of any other neuropsychiatric AE, including suicide, psychosis, confusion, and agitation. Current pharmacovigilance study results did not suggest any potential link between the use of chloroquine and an increased risk of suicide, psychosis, confusion, and agitation, which would be informative during the emergency use of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32335339, "pmcid": "PMC7194654", "title": "One case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a patient co-infected by HIV with a low CD4(+) T-cell count.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Maomao", "Luo, Limin", "Bu, Haiji", "Xia, Hu"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335339", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 that began in Wuhan, China, become an emergency of international concern when thousands of people were infected around the world. This study reports a case simultaneously infected by SARS-Cov-2 and HIV, which showed a longer disease course and slower generation of specific antibodies. This case highlights that a co-infection of SARS-Cov-2 and HIV may severely impair the immune system."}, {"pmid": 32422193, "pmcid": "PMC7211597", "title": "Protecting Ourselves During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Ferneini, Elie M", "Halepas, Steven"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422193", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510123, "title": "Letter to the Editor: The Role of a Geriatrician Has Become Even More Important in an Academic Institution during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Merchant, R A", "Chen, M Z", "Ng, S E", "Sandrasageran, S", "Wong, B L L"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510123", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259192, "pmcid": "PMC7139509", "title": "US Public Concerns About the COVID-19 Pandemic From Results of a Survey Given via Social Media.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Nelson, Lorene M", "Simard, Julia F", "Oluyomi, Abiodun", "Nava, Vanessa", "Rosas, Lisa G", "Bondy, Melissa", "Linos, Eleni"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259192", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32351657, "pmcid": "PMC7188660", "title": "Arterial and venous abdominal thrombosis in a 79-year-old woman with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Radiol Case Rep", "authors": ["de Barry, Olivier", "Mekki, Ahmed", "Diffre, Caroline", "Seror, Martin", "Hajjam, Mostafa El", "Carlier, Robert-Yves"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351657", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus pandemic continue to spread over the world, we have to be aware of potential complications on hospitalized patients. We report a case of a 79-year-old woman with COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by combined arterial and venous thrombosis of upper mesenteric vessels. As unenhanced chest-CT scan plays a key-role in managing the COVID-19 pandemic we should pay attention to indirect signs of thrombosis."}, {"pmid": 32372892, "pmcid": "PMC7198091", "title": "Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Italian Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Soraci, Paolo", "Ferrari, Ambra", "Abbiati, Francesco A", "Del Fante, Elena", "De Pace, Rosanna", "Urso, Antonino", "Griffiths, Mark D"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372892", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The advent of COVID-19 worldwide has led to consequences for people's health, both physical and psychological, such as fear and anxiety. This is the case in Italy, one of the countries most affected by the pandemic. Given the heightened fear concerning COVID-19 in Italy., the present study analyzed the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). The sample comprised 250 Italian participants who were administered Italian versions of the FCV-19S, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Severity Measure for Specific Phobia-Adult (SMSP-A). Several psychometric tests were performed to investigate the validity and reliability of the test including confirmatory factor analysis. Analysis of the data showed satisfactory psychometric characteristics and confirmed the scale's unidimensional properties. The seven FCV-19S items had acceptable correlations with the test total (from .443 to .784). Furthermore, the loadings on the factor were significant and strong (from .684 to .897). The internal consistency was very good (\u03b1 = .871). Construct validity for the FCV-19S was supported by significant and positive correlations with the HADS (r=.649) and SMSP-A (r=.703). The Italian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale is valid and reliable in assessing fear of COVID-19 among the general Italian population."}, {"pmid": 32425245, "pmcid": "PMC7229965", "title": "[Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19: how to use it waiting for conclusive scientific evidence].", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Cairoli, Ernesto", "Espinosa, Gerard"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425245", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533432, "title": "COVID-19 and Asian American Pacific Islanders.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Hu, Jiun-Ruey", "Wang, Margaret", "Lu, Francis"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345617, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with large-vessel vasculitis in Italy: a monocentric survey.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Tomelleri, Alessandro", "Sartorelli, Silvia", "Campochiaro, Corrado", "Baldissera, Elena Marina", "Dagna, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345617", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336551, "pmcid": "PMC7180014", "title": "Contingency plan for the intensive care services for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Rascado Sedes, P", "Ballesteros Sanz, M A", "Bodi Saera, M A", "Carrasco Rodriguez-Rey, L F", "Castellanos Ortega, A", "Catalan Gonzalez, M", "Lopez, C de Haro", "Diaz Santos, E", "Escriba Barcena, A", "Frade Mera, M J", "Igeno Cano, J C", "Martin Delgado, M C", "Martinez Estalella, G", "Raimondi, N", "Roca I Gas, O", "Rodriguez Oviedo, A", "Romero San Pio, E", "Trenado Alvarez, J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336551", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified a new virus of the Coronaviridae family as the cause of several cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. The outbreak was initially confined to Wuhan City, but then spread outside Chinese borders. On 31 January 2020, the first case was declared in Spain. On 11 March 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. On 16 March 2020, there were 139 countries affected. In this situation, the Scientific Societies SEMICYUC and SEEIUC have decided to draw up this Contingency Plan to guide the response of the Intensive Care Services. The objectives of this plan are to estimate the magnitude of the problem and identify the necessary human and material resources. This is to provide the Spanish Intensive Medicine Services with a tool to programme optimal response strategies."}, {"pmid": 32525826, "title": "Short epidemiological overview of the current situation on COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast European (SEE) countries.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Puca, Edmond", "Civljak, Rok", "Arapovic, Jurica", "Popescu, Corneliu", "Christova, Iva", "Raka, Lul", "Cana, Fadil", "Miranovic, Vesna", "Karageorgopoulos, Drosos", "Bas, Denis", "Paglietti, Bianca", "Barac, Aleksandra"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525826", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are living in times where a viral disease has brought normal life in much of the world to a halt. The novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China initially and in a short time crossed the European borders. After mitigating the epidemic in China, Italy became one of the most COVID-19 affected countries worldwide. International travelers are important sources of infectious diseases and a possible source of epidemic. Due to its political, geographic, and cultural similarities, Italy is one of the main economic partners of Southeast European (SEE) countries. Our data show that infection in index cases in all 11 SEE countries was travel-related with Italy being a source country for 8/11 countries. After the first case identifications on February 25, the number of cases in SEE countries is continually rising reaching the total number of 15,612 with 565 fatal cases and overall case fatality ratio (CFR) of 3.6 (median 3.8, range 0.8-5.5) by April 10, 2020. At a time when the COVID-19 pandemic is approaching its peak, apart from the problems with treatment of the disease and care for critically ill patients, there are other equally important problems, such as organization of outbreak response, provision of health care, lack of hospital personnel, disruption of personal protective equipment supply chains and health care workers (HCWs) protection. But what is more important is the heroic behavior of the HCWs who are showing their humanity by disregarding their lives."}, {"pmid": 32365259, "pmcid": "PMC7267164", "title": "COVID-19 and Older People in Asia: AWGS Calls to Actions.", "journal": "Geriatr Gerontol Int", "authors": ["Lim, Wee-Shiong", "Liang, Chih-Kuang", "Assantachai, Prasert", "Auyeung, Tung Wai", "Kang, Lin", "Lee, Wei-Ju", "Lim, Jae-Young", "Sugimoto, Ken", "Akishita, Masahiro", "Chia, Shu-Lih", "Chou, Ming-Yueh", "Ding, Yew-Yoong", "Iijima, Katsuya", "Jang, Hak Chul", "Kawashima, Shuji", "Kim, Miji", "Kojima, Taro", "Kuzuya, Masafumi", "Lee, Jenny", "Lee, Sang Yoon", "Lee, Yunhwan", "Peng, Li-Ning", "Wang, Ninie Y", "Wang, Yin-Wei", "Won, Chang Won", "Woo, Jean", "Chen, Liang-Kung", "Arai, Hidenori"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365259", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has casted a huge impact on global public health and economy. In this challenging situation, older people are vulnerable to the infection and the secondary effects of the pandemic and need special attentions. To evaluate the impacts of COVID-19 on older people, it is important to balance the successful pandemic control and active management of secondary consequences. These considerations are especially salient in the Asian context, with its diversity among countries in terms of sociocultural heritage, healthcare setup and availability of resources. Thus, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia summarized the considerations of Asian countries focusing on responses and difficulties in each country, impacts of health inequity related to COVID-19 pandemic and proposed recommendations for older people which are germane to the Asian context. More innovative services should be developed to address the increasing demands for new approaches to deliver health care in the difficult times and to establish resilient health care systems for older people. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32188728, "title": "Structure-Guided Mutagenesis Alters Deubiquitinating Activity and Attenuates Pathogenesis of a Murine Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Deng, Xufang", "Chen, Yafang", "Mielech, Anna M", "Hackbart, Matthew", "Kesely, Kristina R", "Mettelman, Robert C", "O'Brien, Amornrat", "Chapman, Mackenzie E", "Mesecar, Andrew D", "Baker, Susan C"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188728", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses express a multifunctional papain-like protease, termed papain-like protease 2 (PLP2). PLP2 acts as a protease that cleaves the viral replicase polyprotein and as a deubiquitinating (DUB) enzyme which removes ubiquitin (Ub) moieties from ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. Previous in vitro studies implicated PLP2/DUB activity as a negative regulator of the host interferon (IFN) response, but the role of DUB activity during virus infection was unknown. Here, we used X-ray structure-guided mutagenesis and functional studies to identify amino acid substitutions within the ubiquitin-binding surface of PLP2 that reduced DUB activity without affecting polyprotein processing activity. We engineered a DUB mutation (Asp1772 to Ala) into a murine coronavirus and evaluated the replication and pathogenesis of the DUB mutant virus (DUBmut) in cultured macrophages and in mice. We found that the DUBmut virus replicates similarly to the wild-type (WT) virus in cultured cells, but the DUBmut virus activates an IFN response at earlier times compared to the wild-type virus infection in macrophages, consistent with DUB activity negatively regulating the IFN response. We compared the pathogenesis of the DUBmut virus to that of the wild-type virus and found that the DUBmut-infected mice had a statistically significant reduction (P\u2009<\u20090.05) in viral titer in liver and spleen at day 5 postinfection (d p.i.), although both wild-type and DUBmut virus infections resulted in similar liver pathology. Overall, this study demonstrates that structure-guided mutagenesis aids the identification of critical determinants of the PLP2-ubiquitin complex and that PLP2/DUB activity plays a role as an interferon antagonist in coronavirus pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses employ a genetic economy by encoding multifunctional proteins that function in viral replication and also modify the host environment to disarm the innate immune response. The coronavirus papain-like protease 2 (PLP2) domain possesses protease activity, which cleaves the viral replicase polyprotein, and also DUB activity (deconjugating ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like molecules from modified substrates) using identical catalytic residues. To separate the DUB activity from the protease activity, we employed a structure-guided mutagenesis approach and identified residues that are important for ubiquitin binding. We found that mutating the ubiquitin-binding residues results in a PLP2 that has reduced DUB activity but retains protease activity. We engineered a recombinant murine coronavirus to express the DUB mutant and showed that the DUB mutant virus activated an earlier type I interferon response in macrophages and exhibited reduced replication in mice. The results of this study demonstrate that PLP2/DUB is an interferon antagonist and a virulence trait of coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32521159, "title": "Structural basis of potential binding mechanism of remdesivir to SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase.", "journal": "J Phys Chem B", "authors": ["Zhang, Leili", "Zhou, Ruhong"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521159", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Starting from late 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a once-in-a-century pandemic with deadly consequences, which urgently calls for new treatments, cures and supporting apparatuses. Recently, because of its positive results in clinical trials, remdesivir was approved by Food and Drug Administration to treat COVID-19 through Emergency Use Authorization. Here, we used molecular dynamics simulations and free energy perturbation methods to study the inhibition mechanism of remdesivir to its target SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). We first constructed the homology model of this polymerase based on a previously available structure of SARS-CoV NSP12 RdRp (with a sequence identify of 95.8%). We then built a putative pre-insertion binding structure by aligning the remdesivir + RdRp complex to the ATP bound poliovirus RdRp without the RNA template. The putative binding structure was further optimized with molecular dynamics simulations. The resulting stable pre-insertion state of remdesivir appeared to form hydrogen bonds with the RNA template when aligned with the newly solved cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. The relative binding free energy between remdesivir and ATP was calculated to be -2.80 \u00b1 0.84 kcal/mol, where remdesivir bound much stronger to SARS-CoV-2 RdRp than the natural substrate ATP. The ~100-fold improvement in the Kd from remdesivir over ATP indicates an effective replacement of ATP in blocking of the RdRp pre-insertion site. Key residues D618, S549 and R555 are found to be the contributors to the binding affinity of remdesivir. These findings suggest that remdesivir can potentially act as a SARS-CoV-2 RNA-chain terminator, effectively stopping its RNA replication, with key residues also identified for future lead optimization and/or drug resistance studies."}, {"pmid": 32489509, "pmcid": "PMC7239579", "title": "Neonatologists' Challenges During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Med Res", "authors": ["Al-Lawama, Manar"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489509", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425243, "pmcid": "PMC7229448", "title": "American Association for Thoracic Surgery: Maintaining the Mission during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Moon, Marc R", "Jones, David R", "Adams, David H", "Starnes, Vaughn A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425243", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32180426, "title": "An Analysis of 38 Pregnant Women with COVID-19, Their Newborn Infants, and Maternal-Fetal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal Coronavirus Infections and Pregnancy Outcomes.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Schwartz, David A"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32180426", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of a novel coronavirus, termed SARS-CoV-2, and the potentially life-threating respiratory disease that it can produce, COVID-19, has rapidly spread across the globe creating a massive public health problem. Previous epidemics of many emerging viral infections have typically resulted in poor obstetrical outcomes including maternal morbidity and mortality, maternal-fetal transmission of the virus, and perinatal infections and death. This communication reviews the effects of two previous coronavirus infections - severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by MERS-CoV - on pregnancy outcomes. In addition, it analyzes literature describing 38 pregnant women with COVID-19 and their newborns in China to assess the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the mothers and infants including clinical, laboratory and virologic data, and the transmissibility of the virus from mother to fetus. This analysis reveals that unlike coronavirus infections of pregnant women caused by SARS and MERS, in these 38 pregnant women COVID-19 did not lead to maternal deaths. Importantly, and similar to pregnancies with SARS and MERS, there were no confirmed cases of intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mothers with COVID-19 to their fetuses. All neonatal specimens tested, including in some cases placentas, were negative by rt-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. At this point in the global pandemic of COVID-19 infection there is no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 undergoes intrauterine or transplacental transmission from infected pregnant women to their fetuses. Analysis of additional cases is necessary to determine if this remains true."}, {"pmid": 32276501, "pmcid": "PMC7177341", "title": "Spatio-Temporal Patterns of the 2019-nCoV Epidemic at the County Level in Hubei Province, China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Yang, Wentao", "Deng, Min", "Li, Chaokui", "Huang, Jincai"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276501", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Understanding the spatio-temporal characteristics or patterns of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) epidemic is critical in effectively preventing and controlling this epidemic. However, no research analyzed the spatial dependency and temporal dynamics of 2019-nCoV. Consequently, this research aims to detect the spatio-temporal patterns of the 2019-nCoV epidemic using spatio-temporal analysis methods at the county level in Hubei province. The Mann-Kendall and Pettitt methods were used to identify the temporal trends and abrupt changes in the time series of daily new confirmed cases, respectively. The local Moran's I index was applied to uncover the spatial patterns of the incidence rate, including spatial clusters and outliers. On the basis of the data from January 26 to February 11, 2020, we found that there were 11 areas with different types of temporal patterns of daily new confirmed cases. The pattern characterized by an increasing trend and abrupt change is mainly attributed to the improvement in the ability to diagnose the disease. Spatial clusters with high incidence rates during the period were concentrated in Wuhan Metropolitan Area due to the high intensity of spatial interaction of the population. Therefore, enhancing the ability to diagnose the disease and controlling the movement of the population can be confirmed as effective measures to prevent and control the regional outbreak of the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32350436, "title": "Hopes rise for coronavirus drug remdesivir.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ledford, Heidi"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350436", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518804, "pmcid": "PMC7239186", "title": "Correlation Between Chest CT Findings and Clinical Features of 211 COVID-19 Suspected Patients in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Song, Songlin", "Wu, Feihong", "Liu, Yiming", "Jiang, Hongwei", "Xiong, Fu", "Guo, Xiaopeng", "Zhang, Hongsen", "Zheng, Chuansheng", "Yang, Fan"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518804", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chest computed tomography (CT) has been widely used to assess pulmonary involvement in COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the correlation between chest CT and clinical features in COVID-19 suspected patients with or without fever. We retrospectively enrolled 211 COVID-19 suspected patients who underwent both chest CT and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in Wuhan, China. The performance of CT in patients with relevant onset of symptoms, with fever (n = 141) and without fever (n = 70), was assessed respectively. The sensitivity of CT for COVID-19 was 97.3%, with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.76). There were 141 suspected patients with fever and 70 without fever. In the fever group, 4 variables were screened to establish the basic model: age, monocyte, red blood cell, and hypertension. The AUC of the basic model was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.63-0.81), while the AUC of the CT-aided model was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68-0.85), a significant difference (P < .05). In the nonfever group, only dry cough was screened out to establish the basic model. The AUC was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.64-0.88), which was not significantly different than the CT-aided model (P = .08). Chest CT has a high sensitivity in patients with COVID-19, and it can improve diagnostic accuracy for COVID-19 suspected patients with fever during the initial screen, whereas its value for nonfever patients remains questionable."}, {"pmid": 32335337, "pmcid": "PMC7180155", "title": "Hypertension prevalence in human coronavirus disease: the role of ACE system in infection spread and severity.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ruocco, Gaetano", "Feola, Mauro", "Palazzuoli, Alberto"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335337", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The prevalence of hypertension is high in patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and it appears to be related to an increased risk of mortality, as shown in many epidemiological studies. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) system is not uniformly expressed in all of the human races, and current differences could explain some of the geographical discrepancies in infection around the world. Furthermore, animal studies have shown that the ACE2 receptor is a potential pathway for host infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. As two-thirds of hypertensive patients take ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, several concerns have been raised about the detrimental role of current antihypertensive drugs in COVID-19. This report summarizes the recent evidence for and against the administration of ACE blockade in the COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32380028, "pmcid": "PMC7198402", "title": "Drone delivery of AED's and personal protective equipment in the era of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["van Veelen, Michiel J", "Kaufmann, Marc", "Brugger, Hermann", "Strapazzon, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380028", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374807, "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Ornell, Felipe", "Halpern, Silvia Chwartzmann", "Kessler, Felix Henrique Paim", "Narvaez, Joana Correa de Magalhaes"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374807", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449876, "title": "COVID-19: an unprecedented pandemia with a potential arrhythmic undertone.", "journal": "Postgrad Med", "authors": ["Lopez-Candales, Angel", "Mounsey, J Paul"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449876", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data has shown that intense impact events such as large magnitude earthquakes and the US terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 have shown us that unforeseen catastrophic events are followed by a significant increase of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). We are concerned that similarly, the recent COVID-19 pandemia that not only has dismantled our way of living, in a matter of weeks, but also has challenged all of us beyond our abilities might be also related to an increase in prevalence of VA and SCD. In addition to such provocative suggestions raise in this article we want to convey the message that we must remain vigilant long after we have silenced COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32460340, "title": "Radiology of COVID-19 Pneumonia - Pictorial Essay and Structured Reporting.", "journal": "Rofo", "authors": ["Schaible, Jan", "Meiler, Stefanie", "Poschenrieder, Florian", "Scharf, Gregor", "Maintz, David", "Pregler, Benedikt", "Stroszczynski, Christian", "Hamer, Okka Wilkea"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460340", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493161, "title": "A Simple Three-Tier Classification System for Triage, Communication, and Resource Utilization by Patients Afflicted with COVID-19 Disease.", "journal": "Surg Infect (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Barie, Philip S", "Bronstein, Matthew", "Gibson, Cameron J", "Kelly, Anton G", "Lee, Christina", "Narayan, Mayur", "Shou, Jian", "Smith, Kira E", "Villegas, Cassandra", "Winchell, Robert J"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269019, "pmcid": "PMC7234265", "title": "Social distancing to combat COVID-19: We are all on the front line.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Patrick, Kirsten", "Stanbrook, Matthew B", "Laupacis, Andreas"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269019", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32156675, "title": "Covid-19: Portugal closes all medical schools after 31 cases confirmed in the country.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156675", "countries": ["Portugal"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491022, "title": "Patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic: do not leave delirium behind.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Castro, Roberta E Vieira de", "Garcez, Flavia B", "Avelino-Silva, Thiago J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491022", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269358, "title": "Potential of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 causes fears of shortages among people with systemic lupus erythematosus.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Jakhar, Deepak", "Kaur, Ishmeet"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269358", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243205, "title": "The Variety of Cardiovascular Presentations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Fried, Justin A", "Ramasubbu, Kumudha", "Bhatt, Reema", "Topkara, Veli K", "Clerkin, Kevin J", "Horn, Evelyn", "Rabbani, LeRoy", "Brodie, Daniel", "Jain, Sneha S", "Kirtane, Ajay J", "Masoumi, Amirali", "Takeda, Koji", "Kumaraiah, Deepa", "Burkhoff, Daniel", "Leon, Martin", "Schwartz, Allan", "Uriel, Nir", "Sayer, Gabriel"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243205", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415276, "title": "The sprint to solve coronavirus protein structures - and disarm them with drugs.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Scudellari, Megan"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415276", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344679, "pmcid": "PMC7230578", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Helmy, Yosra A", "Fawzy, Mohamed", "Elaswad, Ahmed", "Sobieh, Ahmed", "Kenney, Scott P", "Shehata, Awad A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344679", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A pneumonia outbreak with unknown etiology was reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019, associated with the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market. The causative agent of the outbreak was identified by the WHO as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), producing the disease named coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The virus is closely related (96.3%) to bat coronavirus RaTG13, based on phylogenetic analysis. Human-to-human transmission has been confirmed even from asymptomatic carriers. The virus has spread to at least 200 countries, and more than 1,700,000 confirmed cases and 111,600 deaths have been recorded, with massive global increases in the number of cases daily. Therefore, the WHO has declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The disease is characterized by fever, dry cough, and chest pain with pneumonia in severe cases. In the beginning, the world public health authorities tried to eradicate the disease in China through quarantine but are now transitioning to prevention strategies worldwide to delay its spread. To date, there are no available vaccines or specific therapeutic drugs to treat the virus. There are many knowledge gaps about the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, leading to misinformation. Therefore, in this review, we provide recent information about the COVID-19 pandemic. This review also provides insights for the control of pathogenic infections in humans such as SARS-CoV-2 infection and future spillovers."}, {"pmid": 32423249, "title": "Physical activity/inactivity and COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Crisafulli, Antonio", "Pagliaro, Pasquale"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423249", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371192, "pmcid": "PMC7194039", "title": "Using a diagnostic model based on routine laboratory tests to distinguish patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 from those infected with influenza virus.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Luo, Ying", "Yuan, Xu", "Xue, Ying", "Mao, Liyan", "Lin, Qun", "Tang, Guoxing", "Song, Huijuan", "Liu, Weiyong", "Hou, Hongyan", "Wang, Feng", "Sun, Ziyong"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371192", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The differential diagnosis between novel coronavirus pneumonia patients (NCPP) and influenza patients (IP) remains a challenge in clinical practice. Between January 2018 and March 2020, 1,027 NCPP and 1,140 IP were recruited from Tongji hospital. Routine blood examination, biochemical indicators and coagulation function analysis were simultaneously performed in all participants. There was no sex predominance in NCPP. The NCPP were frequently encountered in the sixth and seventh decades of life. The mean age of NCPP (56\u00b116 years) was higher than IP (47\u00b117 years), but without statistical difference. Although most results of routine laboratory tests between NCPP and IP had no significant differences, some laboratory tests showed an obvious change in NCPP. It was observed that NCPP had significantly decreased white blood cells, alkaline phosphatase and d-dimer compared with IP. However, the results of lactate dehydrogenase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and fibrinogen were significantly increased in NCPP compared with IP. The diagnostic model based on a combination of 18 routine laboratory indicators showed an area under the curve of 0.796 (95% CI, 0.777-0.814), with a sensitivity of 46.93% and specificity of 90.09% when using a cut-off value of 0.598. Some routine laboratory results had statistical difference between NCPP and IP. A diagnostic model based on a combination of routine laboratory results provided an adjunct approach in the differential diagnosis between NCPP and IP."}, {"pmid": 32419703, "pmcid": "PMC7224675", "title": "Protocol for a partially nested randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the scleroderma patient-centered intervention network COVID-19 home-isolation activities together (SPIN-CHAT) program to reduce anxiety among at-risk scleroderma patients.", "journal": "J Psychosom Res", "authors": ["Thombs, Brett D", "Kwakkenbos, Linda", "Carrier, Marie-Eve", "Bourgeault, Angelica", "Tao, Lydia", "Harb, Sami", "Gagarine, Maria", "Rice, Danielle", "Bustamante, Laura", "Ellis, Kelsey", "Duchek, Delaney", "Wu, Yin", "Bhandari, Parash Mani", "Neupane, Dipika", "Carboni-Jimenez, Andrea", "Henry, Richard S", "Krishnan, Ankur", "Sun, Ying", "Levis, Brooke", "He, Chen", "Turner, Kimberly A", "Benedetti, Andrea", "Culos-Reed, Nicole", "El-Baalbaki, Ghassan", "Hebblethwaite, Shannon", "Bartlett, Susan J", "Dyas, Laura", "Patten, Scott", "Varga, John"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419703", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Contagious disease outbreaks and related restrictions can lead to negative psychological outcomes, particularly in vulnerable populations at risk due to pre-existing medical conditions. No randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have tested interventions to reduce mental health consequences of contagious disease outbreaks. The primary objective of the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network COVID-19 Home-isolation Activities Together (SPIN-CHAT) Trial is to evaluate the effect of a videoconference-based program on symptoms of anxiety. Secondary objectives include evaluating effects on symptoms of depression, stress, loneliness, boredom, physical activity, and social interaction. The SPIN-CHAT Trial is a pragmatic RCT that will be conducted using the SPIN-COVID-19 Cohort, a sub-cohort of the SPIN Cohort. Eligible participants will be SPIN-COVID-19 Cohort participants without a positive COVID-19 test, with at least mild anxiety (PROMIS Anxiety 4a v1.0 T-score\u202f\u2265\u202f55), not working from home, and not receiving current counselling or psychotherapy. We will randomly assign 162 participants to intervention groups of 7 to 10 participants each or waitlist control. We will use a partially nested RCT design to reflect dependence between individuals in training groups but not in the waitlist control. The SPIN-CHAT Program includes activity engagement, education on strategies to support mental health, and mutual participant support. Intervention participants will receive the 4-week (3 sessions per week) SPIN-CHAT Program via videoconference. The primary outcome is PROMIS Anxiety 4a score immediately post-intervention. The SPIN-CHAT Trial will test whether a brief videoconference-based intervention will improve mental health outcomes among at-risk individuals during contagious disease outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32524537, "title": "A complication of coronavirus disease 2019: delirium.", "journal": "Acta Neurol Belg", "authors": ["Cipriani, Gabriele", "Danti, Sabrina", "Nuti, Angelo", "Carlesi, Cecilia", "Lucetti, Claudio", "Di Fiorino, Mario"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524537", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is predominantly a respiratory disease. However, some cases exhibit other features including Central Nervous System symptoms. In the older adult, COVID-19 may present with atypical symptoms, including delirium and its complications. The objective of this study is to describe the relationship between the new type of coronavirus infection and delirium. Systematic research (Cochrane Library and PubMed) was carried out (only upper time limit: April 2020). Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed and manually screened to identify relevant studies. Search terms used included \"COVID-19, Delirium, Dementia, Intensive Care Unit\". We manually added articles identified through other sources (i.e., key journals). Older people are at the greatest risk from COVID-19. If infected, they may present delirium. Moreover, it is not exclusive to older people. Delirium is not inevitable; rather, it is preventable. Delirium prevention programs are even more crucial in the era of COVID-19 and cannot be allowed to wither despite the challenges of integrating delirium prevention with COVID-19 care. An acute change in condition, behaviour, or mental status should prompt a delirium screen. As regards the treatment, it is advisable to use non-pharmacological interventions first where possible. Medication may be needed for patients with agitation where there is intractable distress or high risk to self/others."}, {"pmid": 32168162, "pmcid": "PMC7141582", "title": "A Diabetic Patient With 2019-nCoV (COVID-19) Infection Who Recovered and Was Discharged From Hospital.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Han, Xiaoyu", "Fan, Yanqing", "Wan, Yung-Liang", "Shi, Heshui"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32168162", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus has become a global health hazard and its high infectivity is alarming. The imaging findings of the 2019-nCoV infection in our young diabetic patient featured ground-glass opacities and consolidations in both lungs. The lung lesions may involute rapidly during the course. The patient showed improvement both clinically and on computed tomography imaging at discharged after 2 weeks' treatment. Computed tomography scans of patients helped monitor the changes continuously, which could timely provide the information of the evolution of the disease or therapeutic effect to clinicians."}, {"pmid": 32228809, "title": "Asymptomatic and Human-to-Human Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a 2-Family Cluster, Xuzhou, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Chunyang", "Ji, Fang", "Wang, Liang", "Wang, Liping", "Hao, Jungui", "Dai, Mingjia", "Liu, Yan", "Pan, Xiucheng", "Fu, Juanjuan", "Li, Li", "Yang, Guangde", "Yang, Jianye", "Yan, Xuebing", "Gu, Bing"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228809", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report epidemiologic, laboratory, and clinical findings for 7 patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease in a 2-family cluster. Our study confirms asymptomatic and human-to-human transmission through close contacts in familial and hospital settings. These findings might also serve as a practical reference for clinical diagnosis and medical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32425014, "title": "The role of echocardiography in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a compromise among appropriateness, safety and clinical impact.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Pacileo, Mario", "Giallauria, Francesco", "Savarese, Cristina", "Cirillo, Teresa", "Crescibene, Fabio", "Di Lorenzo, Anna", "Ferrillo, Mariacarla", "Calabrese, Maria Grazia", "Vigorito, Carlo", "D'Andrea, Antonello"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425014", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection, responsible for COVID-19, can determine cardiac events, which require a quick diagnosis and management, and should not be overlooked due to the presence of COVID-19 infection. In some cases, cardiovascular symptoms can also be the first and only manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In patients with COVID-19, the full cardiovascular disease diagnostic algorithm can be hindered by logistic restrain mainly derived from the difficulty of transporting patients in critical conditions to Radiology or Hemodynamics wards. The echocardiography in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic can help for differential diagnosis of cardiac events, which can be related or unrelated by the infection and can likely impact on short-term prognosis. Indeed, transthoracic echocardiography plays a key role in the screen for CV complications of COVID-19 infection: it must be focused cardiac ultrasound study (FoCUS) performed at bedside. All transthoracic, transesophageal and stress echocardiograms in patients in which test results are unlikely to change the management strategy should be postponed."}, {"pmid": 32446595, "pmcid": "PMC7198174", "title": "[Impact of COVID-19 on mortality in the autonomous community of Castilla y Leon (Spain)].", "journal": "Gac Sanit", "authors": ["Ochoa Sangrador, Carlos", "Garmendia Leiza, Jose Ramon", "Perez Boillos, Maria Jose", "Pastrana Ara, Fernando", "Lorenzo Lobato, Maria Del Pilar", "Andres de Llano, Jesus Maria"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446595", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To estimate the increase in mortality associated with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic in the autonomous community of Castilla y Le\u00f3n (Spain). Ecological study based on population and death data for the months of March 2016 to 2020 in Castilla y Le\u00f3n. The general and provincial standardized rates, the relative risks of the year 2020 with respect to previous years and the risks adjusted by sex, periods and province, using Poisson regression, were calculated. Trend analysis was performed using joinpoint linear regression. An increase in mortality was observed in March 2020 with respect to previous years, with an increase of 39% for men (relative risk [RR]: 1.39; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.32-1.47) and 28% for women (RR: 1.28; 95%CI: 1.21-1.35). The model predicts excess mortality of 775 deaths. In the trend analysis there is a significant turning point in 2019 in men, globally and for almost all provinces. The increase in mortality is general, although heterogeneous by sex, age group and province. Although the observed increase in mortality cannot be totally attributed to the disease, it is the best estimate we have of the real impact on deaths directly or indirectly related to it. The number of declared deaths only reaches two thirds of the increase in mortality observed."}, {"pmid": 32320062, "pmcid": "PMC7264652", "title": "Infection risk in a gastroenterological ward during a nosocomial COVID-19 infection event.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Hara, Tasuku", "Yamamoto, Chie", "Sawada, Ryo", "Ohara, Tomoya", "Oka, Kohei", "Iwai, Naoto", "Inada, Yutaka", "Tsuji, Toshifumi", "Okuda, Takashi", "Komaki, Toshiyuki", "Kagawa, Keizo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320062", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) first emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and rapidly infected a large number of individuals, and disease clusters have spread worldwide. A case of presumably nosocomial COVID-19 was detected in the gastroenterological ward; however, appropriate precautions against contact and droplet prevented a subsequent infection cluster. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32437314, "title": "COVID-19 -associated Diffuse Leukoencephalopathy and Microhemorrhages.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Radmanesh, Alireza", "Derman, Anna", "Lui, Yvonne W", "Raz, Eytan", "Loh, John P", "Hagiwara, Mari", "Borja, Maria J", "Zan, Elcin", "Fatterpekar, Girish M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437314", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported in association with a variety of brain imaging findings such as ischemic infarct, hemorrhage, and acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy. Here, we report brain imaging features in 11 critically ill COVID-19 patients with persistently depressed mental status who underwent MRI between April 5-25, 2020 at our institution. These features include, 1) Confluent T2 hyperintensity and mild restricted diffusion in bilateral supratentorial deep and subcortical white matter (in 10 of 11 patients), and 2) multiple punctate microhemorrhages in juxtacortical and callosal white matter (in 7 of 11 patients). We also discuss potential pathogeneses."}, {"pmid": 32513831, "title": "Challenges and opportunities for occupational health and safety after the COVID-19 lockdowns.", "journal": "Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Godderis, Lode", "Luyten, Jeroen"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513831", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502645, "pmcid": "PMC7265826", "title": "New onset anosmia and ageusia in adult patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Patel, A", "Charani, E", "Ariyanayagam, D", "Abdulaal, A", "Denny, S J", "Mughal, N", "Moore, L S P"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502645", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We investigated the prevalence of anosmia and ageusia in adult patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of infection with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This was a retrospective observational analysis of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to hospital or managed in the community and their household contacts across a London population during the period March 1st to April 1st, 2020. Symptomatology and duration were extracted from routinely collected clinical data and follow-up telephone consultations. Descriptive statistics were used. Of 386 patients, 141 (92 community patients, 49 discharged inpatients) were included for analysis; 77/141 (55%) reported anosmia and ageusia, nine reported only ageusia and three only anosmia. The median onset of anosmia in relation to onset of SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) symptoms (as defined by the Public Health England case definition) was 4\u00a0days (interquartile range (IQR) 5). Median duration of anosmia was 8\u00a0days (IQR 16). Median duration of COVID-19 symptoms in community patients was 10\u00a0days (IQR 8) versus 18\u00a0days (IQR 13.5) in admitted patients. As of April 1, 45 patients had ongoing COVID-19 symptoms and/or anosmia; 107/141 (76%) patients had household contacts, and of 185 non-tested household contacts 79 (43%) had COVID-19 symptoms with 46/79 (58%) reporting anosmia. Six household contacts had anosmia only. Over half of the positive patients reported anosmia and ageusia, suggesting that these should be added to the case definition and used to guide self-isolation protocols. This adaptation may be integral to case findings in the absence of population-level testing. Until we have successful population-level vaccination coverage, these steps remain critical in the current and future waves of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32497317, "title": "A snapshot of urgent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy care during the Covid-19 outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["D'Ovidio, Valeria", "Lucidi, Cristina", "Bruno, Giovanni", "Miglioresi, Lucia", "Lisi, Daniele", "Bazuro, Marco Emilio"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497317", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266867, "pmcid": "PMC7256351", "title": "In-silico homology assisted identification of inhibitor of RNA binding against 2019-nCoV N-protein (N terminal domain).", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Sarma, Phulen", "Shekhar, Nishant", "Prajapat, Manisha", "Avti, Pramod", "Kaur, Hardeep", "Kumar, Subodh", "Singh, Sanjay", "Kumar, Harish", "Prakash, Ajay", "Dhibar, Deba Prasad", "Medhi, Bikash"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266867", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The N terminal domain (NTD) of Nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of coronavirus (CoV) binds to the viral (+) sense RNA and results in CoV ribonucleoprotien (CoV RNP) complex, essential for the virus replication. In this study, the RNA-binding N terminal domain (NTD) of the N protein was targeted for the identification of possible inhibitors of RNA binding. Two NTD structures of N proteins were selected (2OFZ and 1SSK, 92% homology) for virtual screening of 56,079 compounds from Asinex and Maybridge library to identify top 15 hits for each of the targets based on 'docking score'. These top-hits were further screened for MM-GBSA binding free energy, pharmacokinetic properties (QikProp) and drug-likeness (SwissADME) and subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) studies. Two suitable binders (ZINC00003118440 and ZINC0000146942) against the target 2OFZ were identified. ZINC00003118440 is a theophylline derivative under the drug class 'bronchodilators' and further screening with approved bronchodilators was also studied to identify their ability to bind to the RNA binding region on the N protein. The other identified top hit is ZINC0000146942, which is a 3,4dihydropyrimidone class molecule. Hence this study suggests two important class of compounds, theophylline and pyrimidone derivaties as possible inhibitors of RNA binding to the N terminal domain of N protein of coronavirus, thus opening new avenues for in vitro validations.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32162604, "pmcid": "PMC7204580", "title": "How Is the World Responding to the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Compared with the 2014 West African Ebola Epidemic? The Importance of China as a Player in the Global Economy.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Maffioli, Elisa M"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162604", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article describes similarities and differences in the response of governments and the international community to the current 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the 2014 West African Ebola epidemic. It expresses the opinion that the speed and scale of the response to COVID-19 are affected by the important role that China plays in the global economy. By contrast, insufficient and less timely action was initially undertaken in West African countries during the 2014 Ebola epidemic. It concludes by stating why preparedness for and response to all disease outbreaks, also in countries of lower economic importance, should become a priority in the global health agenda."}, {"pmid": 32488728, "pmcid": "PMC7265870", "title": "Eating disorders and obesity (ED&O) in the COVID-19 storm.", "journal": "Eat Weight Disord", "authors": ["Todisco, Patrizia", "Donini, Lorenzo M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488728", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482306, "pmcid": "PMC7174175", "title": "Emergency mental health legislation in response to the Covid-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic in Ireland: Urgency, necessity and proportionality.", "journal": "Int J Law Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kelly, Brendan D"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482306", "countries": ["Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many countries have enacted, or are in the process of enacting, emergency mental health legislation in response to the global pandemic of Covid-19 (coronavirus). In Ireland, the Emergency Measures in the Public Interest (Covid-19) Act, 2020 amends the Mental Health Act 2001 to permit the Mental Health Commission to request an independent psychiatric report about an involuntary patient from any consultant psychiatrist who is not treating the patient (and not just those on its designated panel). This independent examination may occur 'in person', 'by other appropriate means', or even, 'due to the exigencies of the public health emergency', not occur at all, once this is explained in the resultant report. The 2020 Act acknowledges that 'the exigencies of the public health emergency' might hamper the independent psychiatrist's work and requires a written report from the patient's treating psychiatrist 'no earlier than the day before' the tribunal, in lieu of the psychiatrist physically attending a tribunal hearing, although, if possible, they will attend (i.e. phone in to) a tribunal held by conference call. The 2020 Act permits the Mental Health Commission to, if necessary, appoint tribunals 'consisting of one member who shall be a practising barrister or solicitor'. Such a tribunal shall, if possible, consult with a consultant psychiatrist if the reports from the independent psychiatrist and treating psychiatrist conflict or if it is otherwise 'necessary in the interest of the patient'. A tribunal can extend an involuntary order by a second period of 14\u00a0days 'of its own motion if the tribunal, having due regard to the interest of the patient, is satisfied that it is necessary'. Tribunals for current involuntary patients will be prioritised over retrospective tribunals for discharged patients; a tribunal can direct a witness to provide 'a written statement' rather than attending; and the patient can make written representation to the tribunal instead of physically attending a tribunal hearing, although they may attend (i.e. phone in to) a tribunal held by conference call. Psycho-surgery for involuntary patients is banned. While it is clear that revisions are urgent and necessary in light of Covid-19, the proportionality of these changes will depend on how, and the extent to which, they are used in practice. With good communication, efficient team-working and close adherence to professional codes of practice and ethics, it is hoped that these amendments will result in a review system that is as reasonable, robust and reassuring as the current, highly unusual circumstances permit."}, {"pmid": 32466833, "pmcid": "PMC7247503", "title": "COVID-19: We All Have a Role.", "journal": "Arch Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Raj, Vishwa S"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466833", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312129, "pmcid": "PMC7196922", "title": "The role of additive manufacturing and antimicrobial polymers in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Expert Rev Med Devices", "authors": ["Zuniga, Jorge M", "Cortes, Aaron"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312129", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361723, "pmcid": "PMC7197616", "title": "Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Kun", "Zuo, Peiyuan", "Liu, Yuwei", "Zhang, Meng", "Zhao, Xiaofang", "Xie, Songpu", "Zhang, Hao", "Chen, Xinglin", "Liu, Chengyun"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361723", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to develop mortality-prediction models for patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The training cohort were consecutive patients with COVID-19 in the First People's Hospital of Jiangxia District in Wuhan from January 7, 2020 to February 11, 2020. We selected baseline clinical and laboratory data through the stepwise Akaike information criterion and ensemble XGBoost model to build mortality-prediction models. We then validated these models by randomly collecting COVID-19 patients in the Infection department of Union Hospital in Wuhan from January 1, 2020, to February 20, 2020. 296 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in the training cohort, 19 of whom died during hospitalization and 277 were discharged from the hospital. The clinical model developed with age, history of hypertension and coronary heart disease showed AUC of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80-0.95); threshold, -2.6551; sensitivity, 92.31%; specificity, 77.44% and negative predictive value (NPV), 99.34%. The laboratory model developed with age, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), neutrophil and lymphocyte count, D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) had a significantly stronger discriminatory power than the clinical model (p=0.0157), with AUC of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.92-0.99); threshold, -2.998; sensitivity, 100.00%; specificity, 92.82% and NPV, 100.00%. In the subsequent validation cohort (N=44), the AUCs (95% CI) were 0.83 (0.68, 0.93) and 0.88 (0.75, 0.96) for clinical model and laboratory model, respectively. We developed two predictive models for the in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan and validated in patients from another center."}, {"pmid": 32132196, "pmcid": "PMC7180250", "title": "Improved Molecular Diagnosis of COVID-19 by the Novel, Highly Sensitive and Specific COVID-19-RdRp/Hel Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay Validated In Vitro and with Clinical Specimens.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Tang, Tommy Hing-Cheung", "Wong, Sally Cheuk-Ying", "Leung, Kit-Hang", "Fung, Agnes Yim-Fong", "Ng, Anthony Chin-Ki", "Zou, Zijiao", "Tsoi, Hoi-Wah", "Choi, Garnet Kwan-Yue", "Tam, Anthony Raymond", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32132196", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization was informed of a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China. Subsequent investigations identified a novel coronavirus, now named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), from the affected patients. Highly sensitive and specific laboratory diagnostics are important for controlling the rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2-associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. In this study, we developed and compared the performance of three novel real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)/helicase (Hel), spike (S), and nucleocapsid (N) genes of SARS-CoV-2 with that of the reported RdRp-P2 assay, which is used in >30 European laboratories. Among the three novel assays, the COVID-19-RdRp/Hel assay had the lowest limit of detection in vitro (1.8 50% tissue culture infective doses [TCID50]/ml with genomic RNA and 11.2 RNA copies/reaction with in vitro RNA transcripts). Among 273 specimens from 15 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Hong Kong, 77 (28.2%) were positive by both the COVID-19-RdRp/Hel and RdRp-P2 assays. The COVID-19-RdRp/Hel assay was positive for an additional 42 RdRp-P2-negative specimens (119/273 [43.6%] versus 77/273 [28.2%]; P < 0.001), including 29/120 (24.2%) respiratory tract specimens and 13/153 (8.5%) non-respiratory tract specimens. The mean viral load of these specimens was 3.21\u2009\u00d7\u2009104 RNA copies/ml (range, 2.21\u2009\u00d7\u2009102 to 4.71\u2009\u00d7\u2009105 RNA copies/ml). The COVID-19-RdRp/Hel assay did not cross-react with other human-pathogenic coronaviruses and respiratory pathogens in cell culture and clinical specimens, whereas the RdRp-P2 assay cross-reacted with SARS-CoV in cell culture. The highly sensitive and specific COVID-19-RdRp/Hel assay may help to improve the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32451358, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the process and outcome of thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["Yang, Bin", "Wang, Tao", "Chen, Jian", "Chen, Yanfei", "Wang, Yabing", "Gao, Peng", "Li, Guilin", "Chen, Fei", "Li, Long", "Wang, Zheng", "Zhang, Hongqi", "Song, Haiqing", "Ma, Qingfeng", "Jiao, Liqun"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451358", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still spreading across the world. Although the pandemic has an all-round impact on medical work, the degree of its impact on endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is unclear. We continuously included AIS patients with large artery occlusion who underwent EVT in a comprehensive stroke center before and during the Wuhan shutdown. The protected code stroke (PCS) for screening and treating AIS patients was established during the pandemic. The efficacy and safety outcomes including the rate of successful reperfusion (defined as modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) graded 2b or 3) and time intervals for reperfusion were compared between two groups: pre-pandemic and pandemic. A total of 55 AIS patients who received EVT were included. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. The time from hospital arrival to puncture (174 vs 125.5 min; p=0.002) and time from hospital arrival to reperfusion (213 vs 172 min; p=0.047) were significantly prolonged in the pandemic group compared with the pre-pandemic group. The rate of successful reperfusion was not significantly different between the two groups (85.7% (n=18) vs 88.2% (n=30); OR 0.971, 95%\u2009CI 0.785 to 1.203; p=1.000). The results of this study suggest a proper PCS algorithm which combines the COVID-19 screening and protection measures could decrease the impact of the disease on the clinical outcomes of EVT for AIS patients to the lowest extent possible during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32531628, "title": "Potential role of artificial intelligence to address the COVID-19 outbreak-related mental health issues in India.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Ransing, Ramdas", "Nagendrappa, Sachin", "Patil, Amol", "Shoib, Sheikh", "Sarkar, Dipayan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531628", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393441, "title": "Ethics in the Covid-19 emergency: Examining rationing decisions.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Mahurkar, Arnav"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393441", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early last month, the Italian Society of Anaesthesia was forced to publish the above guideline (1) for the country's hospitals. Besides the rising cases of infection, the doctors realised that patients required up to 15-20 days of intensive care as the disease progressed (2). In the face of medical resource scarcities, the guideline established that everyone could not be saved from the coronavirus. And a massive death toll ensued."}, {"pmid": 32445283, "pmcid": "PMC7267087", "title": "Atypical erythema nodosum in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Ordieres-Ortega, L", "Toledo-Samaniego, N", "Parra-Virto, A", "Fernandez-Carracedo, E", "Lavilla-Olleros, C", "Demelo-Rodriguez, P"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445283", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522372, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine-induced erythema multiforme in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Monte Serrano, Juan", "Cruanes Monferrer, Joana", "Garcia-Garcia, Mar", "Garcia-Gil, Miguel Fernando"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522372", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432540, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: reflections for the field of sleep medicine.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Ramar, Kannan"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432540", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451564, "pmcid": "PMC7246968", "title": "[Temporary hyposmia in COVID-19 patients].", "journal": "HNO", "authors": ["Bocksberger, S", "Wagner, W", "Hummel, T", "Guggemos, W", "Seilmaier, M", "Hoelscher, M", "Wendtner, C-M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451564", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a\u00a0report on the high incidence of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients in the first cohort of COVID-19 patients in Germany (Webasto cluster). Loss of sense of smell and/or taste was reported by 26 of 63\u00a0COVID-19 patients (41%), whereas only 31% of the patients experiencing hyposmia had simultaneous symptoms of rhinitis. Smell tests were performed in 14 of these patients and taste tests in 10. The measurements were conducted in a\u00a0patient care setting in an early COVID-19 cohort. An olfactory disorder was present in 10/14 patients, before as well as after nasal decongestion. In 2\u00a0of these patients, hyposmia was the leading or only symptom of SARS-CoV\u20112 infection. All tested patients reported recovery of smell and/or taste within 8 to 23\u00a0days. The data imply that a)\u00a0COVID-19 can lead to hyposmia in a\u00a0relevant number of patients, the incidence was approximately 30% in this cohort; b)\u00a0in most cases, the olfactory disturbance was not associated with nasal obstruction, thus indicating a\u00a0possible neurogenic origin; and c)\u00a0the olfactory disorder largely resolved within 1-3\u00a0weeks after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. There were no indications of an increased incidence of dysgeusia. These early data may help in the interpretation of COVID-19-associated hyposmia as well as in the counseling of patients, given the temporary nature of hyposmia observed in this study. Furthermore, according to the current experience, hyposmia without rhinitic obstruction can be the leading or even the only symptom of a\u00a0SARS-CoV\u20112 infection."}, {"pmid": 32369026, "pmcid": "PMC7238863", "title": "The Impact of Social Media on Panic During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iraqi Kurdistan: Online Questionnaire Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Ahmad, Araz Ramazan", "Murad, Hersh Rasool"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369026", "countries": ["Iraq"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the first few months of 2020, information and news reports about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were rapidly published and shared on social media and social networking sites. While the field of infodemiology has studied information patterns on the Web and in social media for at least 18 years, the COVID-19 pandemic has been referred to as the first social media infodemic. However, there is limited evidence about whether and how the social media infodemic has spread panic and affected the mental health of social media users. The aim of this study is to determine how social media affects self-reported mental health and the spread of panic about COVID-19 in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. To carry out this study, an online questionnaire was prepared and conducted in Iraqi Kurdistan, and a total of 516 social media users were sampled. This study deployed a content analysis method for data analysis. Correspondingly, data were analyzed using SPSS software. Participants reported that social media has a significant impact on spreading fear and panic related to the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan, with a potential negative influence on people's mental health and psychological well-being. Facebook was the most used social media network for spreading panic about the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraq. We found a significant positive statistical correlation between self-reported social media use and the spread of panic related to COVID-19 (R=.8701). Our results showed that the majority of youths aged 18-35 years are facing psychological anxiety. During lockdown, people are using social media platforms to gain information about COVID-19. The nature of the impact of social media panic among people varies depending on an individual's gender, age, and level of education. Social media has played a key role in spreading anxiety about the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan."}, {"pmid": 32474836, "pmcid": "PMC7261046", "title": "A More Excellent Way: Recovering Mystery in COVID Care.", "journal": "J Relig Health", "authors": ["Genig, Joshua D"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474836", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article explores the fundamental role of mystery in the care of patients suffering from COVID-19. Specific attention is paid to the disparity between modern and post-modern approaches to mystery and how medical instruction and care has often been conducted in the vein of the former. However, with post-moderns now being trained as medical clinicians and serving on the frontlines of this pandemic, there is an opportunity to return to a more ancient manner of understanding humanity, one which places mystery on equal footing with chemistry."}, {"pmid": 32390473, "title": "Social Distancing and Incarceration: Policy and Management Strategies to Reduce COVID-19 Transmission and Promote Health Equity Through Decarceration.", "journal": "Health Educ Behav", "authors": ["Henry, Brandy F"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390473", "countries": ["Ireland", "Uganda", "United States", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Incarcerated people are at disproportionately high risk of contracting COVID-19. Prisons are epicenters for COVID-19 transmission, including to the community. High rates of preexisting health conditions, limited access to quality health care, and inability to social distance make it impossible to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in prisons. Due to a history of compounded social determinants, incarcerated populations are disproportionately composed of people of color and people with stigmatized behavioral health disorders. Rapid decarceration is needed to promote health equity. Historical mass decarceration events demonstrate feasibility to rapidly release large groups of people while maintaining public safety. Iran and Ireland have released substantial portions of their prison populations by transitioning people to home confinement. In the United States and Uganda, some jurisdictions have reduced new incarcerations through policies that decrease arrests. These policies must be globally expanded to contain the epidemic, and its potential health consequences, while addressing health equity."}, {"pmid": 32221515, "title": "Spotlight on Jails: COVID-19 Mitigation Policies Needed Now.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wurcel, Alysse G", "Dauria, Emily", "Zaller, Nicholas", "Nijhawan, Ank", "Beckwith, Curt", "Nowotny, Kathryn", "Brinkley-Rubinstein, Lauren"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221515", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437232, "title": "Viral Induced Genetics Revealed by Multi-Dimensional Precision Medicine Transcriptional Workflow Applicable to COVID-19.", "journal": "Physiol Genomics", "authors": ["Prokop, Jeremy W", "Shankar, Rama", "Gupta, Ruchir", "Leimanis, Mara L", "Nedveck, Derek", "Uhl, Katie", "Chen, Bin", "Hartog, Nicholas L", "Van Veen, Jason", "Sisco, Joshua S", "Sirpilla, Olivia", "Lydic, Todd A", "Boville, Brian", "Hernandez, Angel", "Braunreiter, Chi", "Kuk, ChiuYing C", "Singh, Varinder", "Mills, Joshua", "Wegener, Marc", "Adams, Marie", "Rhodes, Mary", "Bachmann, Andre S", "Pan, Wenjing", "Byrne-Steele, Miranda L", "Smith, D Casey", "Depinet, Mollye", "Brown, Brittany E", "Eisenhower, Mary", "Han, Jian", "Haw, Marcus", "Madura, Casey", "Sanfilippo, Dominic J", "Seaver, Laurie H", "Bupp, Caleb", "Rajasekaran, Surender"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437232", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Precision medicine requires the translation of basic biological understanding to medical insights, mainly applied to characterization of each unique patient. In many clinical settings, this requires tools that can be broadly used to identify pathology and risks. Patients often present to the intensive care unit with broad phenotypes, including multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) resulting from infection, trauma, or other disease processes. Etiology and outcomes are unique to individuals, making it difficult to cohort patients with MODS, but presenting a prime target for testing/developing tools for precision medicine. Using multitime point whole blood (cellular/acellular) total transcriptomics in 27 patients, we highlight the promise of simultaneously mapping viral/bacterial load, cell composition, tissue damage biomarkers, balance between syndromic biology versus environmental response, and unique biological insights in each patient using a single platform measurement. Integration of a transcriptome workflow yielded unexpected insights into the complex interplay between host genetics and viral/bacterial specific mechanisms, highlighted by a unique case of virally induced genetics (VIG) within one of these 27 patients. The power of RNA-Seq to study unique patient biology while investigating environmental contributions can be a critical tool moving forward for translational sciences applied to precision medicine."}, {"pmid": 32324331, "pmcid": "PMC7264495", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient successfully treated with tocilizumab and hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Fontana, Francesco", "Alfano, Gaetano", "Mori, Giacomo", "Amurri, Alessio", "Tei, Lorenzo", "Ballestri, Marco", "Leonelli, Marco", "Facchini, Francesca", "Damiano, Francesca", "Magistroni, Riccardo", "Cappelli, Gianni"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324331", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia has been poorly reported in solid organ transplanted patients; prognosis is uncertain and best management unclear. We describe the case of a 61-year-old kidney transplant recipient with several comorbidities who was hospitalized and later received a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia; the infection was successfully managed with the use of hydroxychloroquine and a single administration of tocilizumab, after immunosuppression reduction; the patient did not require mechanical ventilation. During the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, transplant clinicians should be readily informed about new cases of COVID-19 pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients, with focus on therapeutic strategies employed and their outcome."}, {"pmid": 32411696, "pmcid": "PMC7206350", "title": "Ocular Pathology Recommendations during COVID-19 from the American Association of Ophthalmic Oncologists and Pathologists (AAOOP).", "journal": "Ocul Oncol Pathol", "authors": ["Chevez-Barrios, Patricia", "Milman, Tatyana", "Grossniklaus, Hans E", "Folberg, Robert", "Salomao, Diva Regina", "Gombos, Dan S"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411696", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441330, "title": "Video calls for reducing social isolation and loneliness in older people: a rapid review.", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "authors": ["Noone, Chris", "McSharry, Jenny", "Smalle, Mike", "Burns, Annette", "Dwan, Kerry", "Devane, Declan", "Morrissey, Eimear C"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441330", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has been identified as a possible trigger for increases in loneliness and social isolation among older people due to the restrictions on movement that many countries have put in place. Loneliness and social isolation are consistently identified as risk factors for poor mental and physical health in older people. Video calls may help older people stay connected during the current crisis by widening the participant's social circle or by increasing the frequency of contact with existing acquaintances. The primary objective of this rapid review is to assess the effectiveness of video calls for reducing social isolation and loneliness in older adults. The review also sought to address the effectiveness of video calls on reducing symptoms of depression and improving quality of life. We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL from 1 January 2004 to 7 April 2020. We also searched the references of relevant systematic reviews. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs (including cluster designs) were eligible for inclusion. We excluded all other study designs. The samples in included studies needed to have a mean age of at least 65 years. We included studies that included participants whether or not they were experiencing symptoms of loneliness or social isolation at baseline.\u00a0Any intervention in which a core component involved the use of the internet to facilitate video calls or video conferencing through computers, smartphones or tablets with the intention of reducing loneliness or social isolation, or both, in older adults was eligible for inclusion. We included studies in the review if they reported self-report measures of loneliness, social isolation, symptoms of depression or quality of life.\u00a0 Two review authors screened 25% of abstracts; a third review author resolved conflicts. A single review author screened the remaining abstracts. The second review author screened all excluded abstracts and we resolved conflicts by consensus or by involving a third review author. We followed the same process for full-text articles. One review author extracted data, which another review author checked. The primary outcomes were loneliness and social isolation and the secondary outcomes were symptoms of depression and quality of life. One review author rated the certainty of evidence for the primary outcomes according to the GRADE approach and another review author checked the ratings. We conducted fixed-effect meta-analyses for the primary outcome, loneliness, and the secondary outcome, symptoms of depression. We identified three cluster quasi-randomised trials, which together included 201 participants. The included studies compared video call interventions to usual care in nursing homes. None of these studies were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u00a0 Each study measured loneliness using the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Total scores range from 20 (least lonely) to 80 (most lonely). The evidence was very uncertain and suggests that video calls may result in little to no difference in scores on the UCLA Loneliness Scale compared to usual care at three months (mean difference (MD) -0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.28 to 2.41; 3 studies; 201 participants), at six months (MD -0.34, 95% CI -3.41 to 2.72; 2 studies; 152 participants) and at 12 months (MD -2.40, 95% CI -7.20 to 2.40; 1 study; 90 participants). We downgraded the certainty of this evidence by three levels for study limitations, imprecision and indirectness. None of the included studies reported social isolation as an outcome. Each study measured symptoms of depression using the Geriatric Depression Scale. Total scores range from 0 (better) to 30 (worse). The evidence was very uncertain and\u00a0suggests that video calls may result in little to no difference in scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale compared to usual care at three months' follow-up (MD 0.41, 95% CI -0.90 to 1.72; 3 studies; 201 participants) or six months' follow-up (MD -0.83, 95% CI -2.43 to 0.76; 2 studies, 152 participants). The evidence suggests that video calls may have a small effect on symptoms of depression at one-year follow-up, though this finding is imprecise (MD -2.04, 95% CI -3.98 to -0.10; 1 study; 90 participants).\u00a0We downgraded the certainty of this evidence by three levels for study limitations, imprecision and indirectness. Only one study, with 62 participants, reported quality of life. The study measured quality of life using a Taiwanese adaptation of the Short-Form 36-question health survey (SF-36), which consists of eight subscales that measure different aspects of quality of life: physical function; physical role; emotional role; social function; pain: vitality; mental health; and physical health.\u00a0Each subscale\u00a0is scored from 0 (poor health) to 100 (good health). The evidence is very uncertain and suggests that there may be little to no difference between people allocated to usual care and those allocated to video calls in three-month scores in physical function (MD 2.88, 95% CI -5.01 to 10.77), physical role (MD -7.66, 95% CI -24.08 to 8.76), emotional role (MD -7.18, 95% CI -16.23 to 1.87), social function (MD 2.77, 95% CI -8.87 to 14.41), pain scores (MD -3.25, 95% CI -15.11 to 8.61), vitality scores (MD -3.60, 95% CI -9.01 to 1.81), mental health (MD 9.19, 95% CI 0.36 to 18.02)\u00a0and physical health (MD 5.16, 95% CI -2.48 to 12.80). We downgraded the certainty of this evidence by three levels for study limitations, imprecision and indirectness. Based on this review there is currently very uncertain evidence on the effectiveness of video call interventions to reduce loneliness in older adults. The review did not include any studies that reported evidence of the effectiveness of video call interventions to address social isolation in older adults. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of video calls for outcomes of symptoms of depression was very uncertain. Future research in this area needs to use more rigorous methods and more diverse and representative participants. Specifically, future studies should target older adults, who are demonstrably lonely or socially isolated, or both, across a range of settings to determine whether video call interventions are effective in a population in which these outcomes are in need of improvement."}, {"pmid": 32334942, "pmcid": "PMC7152920", "title": "COVID-19: should we continue to cryopreserve sperm during the pandemic?", "journal": "Reprod Biomed Online", "authors": ["Yakass, Michael Bright", "Woodward, Bryan"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353267, "pmcid": "PMC7185948", "title": "Nursing homes or besieged castles: COVID-19 in northern Italy.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Trabucchi, Marco", "De Leo, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353267", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402905, "pmcid": "PMC7202850", "title": "Changes in air quality related to the control of coronavirus in China: Implications for traffic and industrial emissions.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Wang, Yichen", "Yuan, Yuan", "Wang, Qiyuan", "Liu, ChenGuang", "Zhi, Qiang", "Cao, Junji"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402905", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Measures taken to control the disease (Covid-19) caused by the novel coronavirus dramatically reduced the number of vehicles on the road and diminished factory production. For this study, changes in the air quality index (AQI) and the concentrations of six air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2, NO2, and O3) were evaluated during the Covid-19 control period in northern China. Overall, the air quality improved, most likely due to reduced emissions from the transportation and secondary industrial sectors. Specifically, the transportation sector was linked to the NO2 emission reductions, while lower emissions from secondary industries were the major cause for the reductions of PM2.5 and CO. The reduction in SO2 concentrations was only linked to the industrial sector. However, the reductions in emissions did not fully eliminate air pollution, and O3 actually increased, possibly because lower fine particle loadings led to less scavenging of HO2 and as a result greater O3 production. These results also highlight need to control emissions from the residential sector."}, {"pmid": 32434297, "title": "[COVID-19 in Spanish and immigrant patients in a sanitary district of Madrid].", "journal": "Rev Esp Quimioter", "authors": ["Jaqueti Aroca, J", "Molina Esteban, L M", "Garcia-Arata, I", "Garcia-Martinez, J"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434297", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277877, "pmcid": "PMC7195440", "title": "Localising an asset-based COVID-19 response in Ecuador.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Torres, Irene", "Sacoto, Fernando"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277877", "countries": ["Ecuador"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32118390, "title": "[Epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Henan].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Cheng, J L", "Huang, C", "Zhang, G J", "Liu, D W", "Li, P", "Lu, C Y", "Li, J"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118390", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Henan Province. Methods: An epidemiological study was conducted based on the latest epidemic information of 1 265 confirmed cases (including regional distribution, severe illness, and deaths) announced by Health Commission of Henan Province, as well as the details of 1 079 COVID-19 officially released by Health Commission of municipalities in Henan Province collected as of 24: 00 on February 19, 2020. Results: Among 1 079 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, there were 573 male (53.2%) and 505 female (46.8%), with the ratio of male to female of 1.14\u22361; The majority of patients were 36-59 years old (553 cases, 51.3%), and the mean age was 46 (interquartile range is 24) years old; 515 cases (47.7%) had a history of living, traveling, doing business in Wuhan or a brief stopover at Wuhan train stop, and 382 (35.4%) had a history of close contact with confirmed patients; There were 72 severe cases (5.7%) in 1 265 patients, and the fatality rate was 1.5%. A high number of cases were reported in Xinyang (269 cases, 21.26%), Zhengzhou (156 cases, 12.33%), Nanyang (155 cases, 12.25%), Zhumadian (139 cases, 10.99%), followed by Shangqiu (91 cases, 7.19%), Zhoukou (76 cases, 6.01%). Among 605 patients, the symptoms were fever (553 cases, 91.4%), debilitation (44 cases, 7.3%), cough (110 cases, 18.2%), expectoration (19 cases, 3.1%), chills (6 cases, 1.0%), shiver (7 cases, 1.2%), running nose (21 cases, 3.5%), stuffy noses (8 cases, 1.3%), throat dryness and sore (24 cases, 4.0%), headache (21 cases, 3.5%), chest pain (6 cases, 1.0%), anhelation (18 cases, 3.0%), and gastrointestinal symptom (21 cases, 3.5%). The age of deaths ranged from 33 to 86 years old, with an average age of 72 (interquartile range of 17) years old; there be 7 males (63.6%) and 4 females (36.4%). Conclusion: The cases in Henan Province were mainly imported cases and had certain geographical location relevance; meanwhile, there was a family-focused incidence. The overall trend of new cases was wave-like decline, and the number of deaths was high among elderly men with underlying diseases."}, {"pmid": 32468851, "pmcid": "PMC7265683", "title": "Facing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in immunotherapy era.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Citarella, Fabrizio", "Russano, Marco", "Pantano, Francesco", "Dell'Aquila, Emanuela", "Vincenzi, Bruno", "Tonini, Giuseppe", "Santini, Daniele"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468851", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread represents a sanitary emergency all over the world. Viral biology is only partially known with some aspects in common with other CoV and the damage observed in most severe cases is due to intense inflammation. Immunotherapy restores immunological activity against cancer cells and it has become a standard treatment for several cancers. We carried out an examination of available data concerning with the effects exerted by both SARS-CoV-2 and the most widespread immunotherapy treatments on the immune system in order to hypothesize mechanisms underlying potential and mutual interaction. We provided an analysis of laboratory, clinical and therapeutic data related with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. We finally focused on implications of immunotherapy treatments in clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32259197, "pmcid": "PMC7153364", "title": "Locally Informed Simulation to Predict Hospital Capacity Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Weissman, Gary E", "Crane-Droesch, Andrew", "Chivers, Corey", "Luong, ThaiBinh", "Hanish, Asaf", "Levy, Michael Z", "Lubken, Jason", "Becker, Michael", "Draugelis, Michael E", "Anesi, George L", "Brennan, Patrick J", "Christie, Jason D", "Hanson Iii, C William", "Mikkelsen, Mark E", "Halpern, Scott D"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259197", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenges hospital leaders to make time-sensitive, critical decisions about clinical operations and resource allocations. To estimate the timing of surges in clinical demand and the best- and worst-case scenarios of local COVID-19-induced strain on hospital capacity, and thus inform clinical operations and staffing demands and identify when hospital capacity would be saturated. Monte Carlo simulation instantiation of a susceptible, infected, removed (SIR) model with a 1-day cycle. 3 hospitals in an academic health system. All people living in the greater Philadelphia region. The COVID-19 Hospital Impact Model (CHIME) (http://penn-chime.phl.io) SIR model was used to estimate the time from 23 March 2020 until hospital capacity would probably be exceeded, and the intensity of the surge, including for intensive care unit (ICU) beds and ventilators. Using patients with COVID-19 alone, CHIME estimated that it would be 31 to 53 days before demand exceeds existing hospital capacity. In best- and worst-case scenarios of surges in the number of patients with COVID-19, the needed total capacity for hospital beds would reach 3131 to 12\u00a0650 across the 3 hospitals, including 338 to 1608 ICU beds and 118 to 599 ventilators. Model parameters were taken directly or derived from published data across heterogeneous populations and practice environments and from the health system's historical data. CHIME does not incorporate more transition states to model infection severity, social networks to model transmission dynamics, or geographic information to account for spatial patterns of human interaction. Publicly available and designed for hospital operations leaders, this modeling tool can inform preparations for capacity strain during the early days of a pandemic. University of Pennsylvania Health System and the Palliative and Advanced Illness Research Center."}, {"pmid": 32482348, "pmcid": "PMC7247479", "title": "Provision of Emergency Maxillofacial Service During the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Collaborative Five Centre UK Study.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Blackhall, K K", "Downie, I P", "Ramchandani, P", "Kusanale, A", "Walsh, S", "Srinivasan, B", "Shields, H", "Brennan, P A", "Singh, R P"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482348", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) represents one of the greatest challenges to healthcare systems, and has forced medical specialties to rapidly adapt their approaches to patient care. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is considered particularly at risk of disease transmission due to aerosol generation during surgical interventions, patient proximity and operating environment. On day 2 (26th March, 2020) of when severe restrictions in population movement were instigated in the United Kingdom, we began a study to prospectively monitor the presentation and management of maxillofacial emergencies at five hospital trusts. Data was collected onto an online live database fed through a smartphone application. Of the total 529 patients over six weeks, 395 attended for face-to-face consultations and 134 patients received remote consultations via telephone or video link. There were 255 trauma related cases, 221 infection and 48 cases of postoperative complications. Most trauma cases were minor soft tissue injury related to slip, trip or fall at home. There were 44 cases of facial fractures with a tendency for conservative treatment. 19 cases were related to domestic violence or self-harm. Of the 216 dental related emergencies, 68% could have been managed in the primary care setting. A quarter of all emergency patients were satisfactorily managed by remote consultations. There was a significant change in the provision of emergency maxillofacial service during the pandemic lockdown. We discuss the study findings as well as the potential implications in relation to planning for possible further COVID- 19 spikes and future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32346491, "pmcid": "PMC7185795", "title": "Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19: An Open-Label Control Study.", "journal": "Engineering (Beijing)", "authors": ["Cai, Qingxian", "Yang, Minghui", "Liu, Dongjing", "Chen, Jun", "Shu, Dan", "Xia, Junxia", "Liao, Xuejiao", "Gu, Yuanbo", "Cai, Qiue", "Yang, Yang", "Shen, Chenguang", "Li, Xiaohe", "Peng, Ling", "Huang, Deliang", "Zhang, Jing", "Zhang, Shurong", "Wang, Fuxiang", "Liu, Jiaye", "Chen, Li", "Chen, Shuyan", "Wang, Zhaoqin", "Zhang, Zheng", "Cao, Ruiyuan", "Zhong, Wu", "Liu, Yingxia", "Liu, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346491", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported in China since December 2019. More than 16% of patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the fatality ratio was about 1%-2%. No specific treatment has been reported. Herein, we examine the effects of Favipiravir (FPV) versus Lopinavir (LPV)/ritonavir (RTV) for the treatment of COVID-19. Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who received oral FPV (Day 1: 1600\u00a0mg twice daily; Days 2-14: 600\u00a0mg twice daily) plus interferon (IFN)-\u03b1 by aerosol inhalation (5 million U twice daily) were included in the FPV arm of this study, whereas patients who were treated with LPV/RTV (Days 1-14: 400\u00a0mg/100\u00a0mg twice daily) plus IFN-\u03b1 by aerosol inhalation (5 million U twice daily) were included in the control arm. Changes in chest computed tomography (CT), viral clearance, and drug safety were compared between the two groups. For the 35 patients enrolled in the FPV arm and the 45 patients in the control arm, all baseline characteristics were comparable between the two arms. A shorter viral clearance time was found for the FPV arm versus the control arm (median (interquartile range, IQR), 4 (2.5-9) d versus 11 (8-13) d, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). The FPV arm also showed significant improvement in chest imaging compared with the control arm, with an improvement rate of 91.43% versus 62.22% (P\u00a0=\u00a00.004). After adjustment for potential confounders, the FPV arm also showed a significantly higher improvement rate in chest imaging. Multivariable Cox regression showed that FPV was independently associated with faster viral clearance. In addition, fewer adverse reactions were found in the FPV arm than in the control arm. In this open-label nonrandomized control study, FPV showed significantly better treatment effects on COVID-19 in terms of disease progression and viral clearance; if causal, these results should be important information for establishing standard treatment guidelines to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32521167, "title": "Pulse Oximetry for Monitoring Patients with COVID-19 at Home: Potential Pitfalls and Practical Guidance.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Luks, Andrew M", "Swenson, Erik R"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521167", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, reports in social media and the lay press indicate that a subset of patients are presenting with severe hypoxemia in the absence of dyspnea, a problem unofficially referred to as \"silent hypoxemia.\" To decrease the risk of complications in such patients, one proposed solution has been to have those diagnosed with COVID-19 but not sick enough to warrant admission monitor their arterial oxygenation by pulse oximetry at home and present for care when they show evidence of hypoxemia. While the ease of use and low cost of pulse oximetry makes this an attractive option for identifying problems at an early stage, there are important considerations with pulse oximetry about which patients and providers may not be aware that can interfere with successful implementation of such monitoring programs. Only a few independent studies have examined the performance of pocket oximeters and smart phone-based systems but the limited available data raise questions about their accuracy, particularly as saturation falls below 90%. There are also multiple sources of error in pulse oximetry that must be accounted for including rapid fluctuations in measurements when the PaO2 falls on the steep portion of the dissociation curve, data acquisition problems when pulsatile blood flow is diminished, accuracy in the setting of severe hypoxemia, dyshemoglobinemias and other problems. Recognition of these issues and careful counseling of patients about the proper means for measuring their oxygen saturation and when to seek assistance can help ensure successful implementation of needed monitoring programs."}, {"pmid": 32497194, "title": "Perseverance in a pandemic: A unique pharmacy residency learning experience.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Campbell, Peter", "Witenko, Corey", "Dzierba, Amy L"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32489937, "pmcid": "PMC7242313", "title": "Should computed tomography (CT) be used as a screening or follow-up tool for asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Zeng, Yanwei", "Fu, Junyan", "Yu, Xiaohong", "Huang, Zhijun", "Yin, Xuyang", "Geng, Daoying", "Zhang, Jun"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489937", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362868, "pmcid": "PMC7182030", "title": "Long-Term Neurological Threats of COVID-19: A Call to Update the Thinking About the Outcomes of the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Front Neurol", "authors": ["Pereira, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362868", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370951, "pmcid": "PMC7196408", "title": "Missed or delayed diagnosis of Kawasaki disease during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Harahsheh, Ashraf S", "Dahdah, Nagib", "Newburger, Jane W", "Portman, Michael A", "Piram, Maryam", "Tulloh, Robert", "McCrindle, Brian W", "de Ferranti, Sarah D", "Cimaz, Rolando", "Truong, Dongngan T", "Burns, Jane C"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370951", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407799, "pmcid": "PMC7214340", "title": "Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 1.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Al-Jabir, Ahmed", "Kerwan, Ahmed", "Nicola, Maria", "Alsafi, Zaid", "Khan, Mehdi", "Sohrabi, Catrin", "O'Neill, Niamh", "Iosifidis, Christos", "Griffin, Michelle", "Mathew, Ginimol", "Agha, Riaz"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407799", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in over 4.5 million confirmed cases and over 300,000 deaths. The impact of COVID-19 on surgical practice is widespread, ranging from workforce and staffing issues, procedural prioritisation, viral transmission risk intraoperatively, changes to perioperative practice and ways of working alongside the impact on surgical education and training. Whilst there has been a growing literature base describing the early clinical course of COVID-19 and on aspects of critical care related to treating these patients, there has been a dearth of evidence on how this pandemic will affect surgical practice. This paper seeks to review the current evidence and offers recommendations for changes to surgical practice to minimise the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32360075, "pmcid": "PMC7182524", "title": "COVID-19 admissions calculators - revisited.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Victor, Grech"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360075", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275079, "pmcid": "PMC7262022", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 may be related to conjunctivitis but not necessarily spread through the conjunctiva SARS-CoV-2 and conjunctiva.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Guo, Dongyu", "Xia, Jianhua", "Shen, Ye", "Tong, Jianping"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275079", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We appreciate the comments of Liu et al.1 and Peng et al.2 in relation to our previous study. Currently, the controversy on the relationship among SARS-CoV-2 infection, the ocular surface and conjunctivitis are reflected in two aspects as follows: (i) can SARS-CoV-2 infection cause conjunctivitis? (ii) can SARS-CoV-2 be transmitted through the ocular surface? This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32251717, "pmcid": "PMC7195002", "title": "The Role of Cytokines including Interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced Pneumonia and Macrophage Activation Syndrome-Like Disease.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["McGonagle, Dennis", "Sharif, Kassem", "O'Regan, Anthony", "Bridgewood, Charlie"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251717", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe COVID-19 associated pneumonia patients may exhibit features of systemic hyper-inflammation designated under the umbrella term of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) or cytokine storm, also known as secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (sHLH). This is distinct from HLH associated with immunodeficiency states termed primary HLH -with radically different therapy strategies in both situations. COVID-19 infection with MAS typically occurs in subjects with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and historically, non-survival in ARDS was linked to sustained IL-6 and IL-1 elevation. We provide a model for the classification of MAS to stratify the MAS-like presentation in COVID-19 pneumonia and explore the complexities of discerning ARDS from MAS. We discuss the potential impact of timing of anti-cytokine therapy on viral clearance and the impact of such therapy on intra-pulmonary macrophage activation and emergent pulmonary vascular disease."}, {"pmid": 32367837, "title": "Gastrointestinal and liver manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Saudi J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Cheong, Janice", "Bartell, Nichoals", "Peeraphatdit, Thoetchai", "Mosli, Mahmoud", "Al-Judaibi, Bandar"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367837", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. While patients typically present with fever and symptoms of a respiratory illness, patients have also presented with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. In addition, some patients were reported to have liver injury. In this article, we review gastrointestinal and liver aspects of COVID-19. In addition, we provide general gastroenterologists with guidance on the management of patients with gastrointestinal and liver disorders from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32456286, "title": "Antiviral Effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Type I Interferon on In Vitro Fatal Feline Coronavirus Infection.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Takano, Tomomi", "Satoh, Kumi", "Doki, Tomoyoshi", "Tanabe, Taishi", "Hohdatsu, Tsutomu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456286", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a viral disease with a high morbidity and mortality by the FIP virus (FIPV, virulent feline coronavirus). Several antiviral drugs for FIP have been identified, but many of these are expensive and not available in veterinary medicine. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a drug approved by several countries to treat malaria and immune-mediated diseases in humans, and its antiviral effects on other viral infections (e.g., SARS-CoV-2, dengue virus) have been confirmed. We investigated whether HCQ in association with interferon-\u03c9 (IFN-\u03c9) is effective for FIPV in vitro. A total of 100 \u03bcM of HCQ significantly inhibited the replication of types I and II FIPV. Interestingly, the combination of 100 \u03bcM of HCQ and 104 U/mL of recombinant feline IFN-\u03c9 (rfIFN-\u03c9, veterinary registered drug) increased its antiviral activity against type I FIPV infection. Our study suggested that HCQ and rfIFN-\u03c9 are applicable for treatment of FIP. Further clinical studies are needed to verify the combination of HCQ and rIFN-\u03c9 will be effective and safe treatment for cats with FIP."}, {"pmid": 32472681, "title": "Why not to use colchicine in COVID-19? An old anti-inflammatory drug for a novel auto-inflammatory disease.", "journal": "Rheumatology (Oxford)", "authors": ["Piantoni, Silvia", "Patroni, Andrea", "Toniati, Paola", "Furloni, Roberto", "Franceschini, Franco", "Andreoli, Laura", "Scarsi, Mirko"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472681", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385568, "pmcid": "PMC7205906", "title": "Surgery in times of COVID-19-recommendations for hospital and patient management.", "journal": "Langenbecks Arch Surg", "authors": ["Flemming, S", "Hankir, M", "Ernestus, R-I", "Seyfried, F", "Germer, C-T", "Meybohm, P", "Wurmb, T", "Vogel, U", "Wiegering, A"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385568", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has escalated rapidly to a global pandemic stretching healthcare systems worldwide to their limits. Surgeons have had to immediately react to this unprecedented clinical challenge by systematically repurposing surgical wards. To provide a detailed set of guidelines developed in a surgical ward at University Hospital Wuerzburg to safely accommodate the exponentially rising cases of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients without compromising the care of emergency surgery and oncological patients or jeopardizing the well-being of hospital staff. The dynamic prioritization of SARS-CoV-2 infected and surgical patient groups is key to preserving life while maintaining high surgical standards. Strictly segregating patient groups in emergency rooms, non-intensive care wards and operating areas prevents viral spread while adequately training and carefully selecting hospital staff allow them to confidently and successfully undertake their respective clinical duties."}, {"pmid": 32418371, "title": "RESILIENCE AND COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol", "authors": ["Solano Gamez, Armando"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418371", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352202, "pmcid": "PMC7267446", "title": "Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of 1,420 European Patients with mild-to-moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "Place, Sammy", "Van Laethem, Yves", "Cabaraux, Pierre", "Mat, Quentin", "Huet, Kathy", "Plzak, Jan", "Horoi, Mihaela", "Hans, Stephane", "Barillari, Maria Rosaria", "Cammaroto, Giovanni", "Fakhry, Nicolas", "Martiny, Delphine", "Ayad, Tareck", "Jouffe, Lionel", "Hopkins, Claire", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352202", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical presentation of European patients with mild-to-moderate Covid-19 infection is still unknown. To study the clinical presentation of Covid-19 in Europe. Patients with positive diagnosis of Covid-19 were recruited from 18 European hospitals. Epidemiological and clinical data were obtained through a standardized questionnaire. Bayesian analysis was used for analyzing the relationship between outcomes. 1,420 patients completed the study (962 females, 30.7% of health care workers). The mean age of patients was 39.17\u00b112.09 years. The most common symptoms were headache (70.3%), loss of smell (70.2%), nasal obstruction (67.8%), cough (63.2%), asthenia (63.3%), myalgia (62.5%), rhinorrhea (60.1%), gustatory dysfunction (54.2%) and sore throat (52.9%). Fever was reported by on 45.4%. The mean duration of Covid-19 symptoms of mild-to-moderate cured patients was 11.5\u00b15.7 days. The prevalence of symptoms significantly varied according to age and sex. Young patients more frequently had ear, nose, and throat complaints, whereas elderly individuals often presented fever, fatigue and loss of appetite. Loss of smell, headache, nasal obstruction and fatigue were more prevalent in female patients. The loss of smell was a key symptom of mild-to-moderate Covid19 patients and was not associated with nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea. Loss of smell persisted at least 7 days after the disease in 37.5% of cured patients. The clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate Covid-19 substantially varies according to the age and the sex characteristics of patients. Olfactory dysfunction seems to be an important underestimated symptom of mild-to-moderate Covid-19 that needs to be recognized as such by the WHO."}, {"pmid": 32222703, "pmcid": "PMC7179522", "title": "COVID-19 Infection in a Patient with End-Stage Kidney Disease.", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Fu, Dian", "Yang, Bo", "Xu, Jing", "Mao, Zhiguo", "Zhou, Chenchen", "Xue, Cheng"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222703", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread very rapidly in China and worldwide. In this article, we report on a 75-year-old man infected with 2019 novel coronavirus who has end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). COVID-19 patients with ESKD need isolation dialysis, but most of them cannot be handled in time due to limited continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) machines. CRRT provided benefits for this patient by removing potentially damaging toxins and stabilizing his metabolic and hemodynamic status. With the control of uremia and fluid status, this patient ended up with an uneventful post-CRRT course, absence of clinical symptoms, and negative PCR tests. Greater efforts are needed to decrease the mortality of COVID-19-infected ESKD patients."}, {"pmid": 32478713, "title": "US Physicians Trained in Cuba Battle COVID-19 at Home:A Personal Account from the New York City Epicenter.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Reed, Gail"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478713", "countries": ["United States", "Cuba"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Speaking remotely with US graduates of Havana's Latin American School of Medicine (ELAM), I found them at work on hospital floors, in ICUs and health centers across the United States, putting their professional and personal commitment to the test against COVID-19. Nowhere was that more evident than in New York City, the disease's epicenter, where one grad told me virtually every hospital has at least one MD from the Cuban school, which has provided free 6-year medical training for some 30,000 doctors since the school's founding in 1999. The student body comes primarily from low- and middle-income countries worldwide, but Cuba also provided 200 US students with scholarships. One of them is Dr Joaqu\u00edn Morante (ELAM Class of 2012), who did his medical residency in internal medicine, followed by fellowships in pulmonary disease and critical care medicine. Triple-licensed in internal medicine, pulmonary and critical care medicine, he is now an attending physician on staff at Jacobi Medical Center in The Bronx, one of New York City's public hospitals, and considered a 'hot spot' due to its COVID-19 caseload. I spoke with him during a break at home in mid-April.Dr Joaqu\u00edn Morante, ELAM Class of 2012: Pulmonologist, critical care attending physician at Jacobi Medical Center, New York City."}, {"pmid": 32452542, "title": "COVID-19 Presenting with Atypical Sweet's Syndrome.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Taskin, Banu", "Vural, Secil", "Altug, Elif", "Demirkesen, Cuyan", "Kocaturk, Emek", "Celebi, Irfan", "Ferhanoglu, Burhan", "Alper, Sibel"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452542", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the first case of the novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) was officially confirmed in Turkey. The disease continues to spread, and the number of patients has risen to 120,000 by the end of April.\u00a0In this observation, we report an atypical presentation of COVID-19 in a patient with indurated painful nodules. A-61-years-old woman with a one-week history of fever (axillary 38\u00b0C) and nodules on the cheek was admitted to the hospital with fatigue, arthralgia and myalgia."}, {"pmid": 32505908, "title": "Immunologic characterization of a immunosuppressed multiple sclerosis patient that recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Neuroimmunol", "authors": ["Chiarini, Marco", "Paghera, Simone", "Moratto, Daniele", "Rossi, Nicola De", "Giacomelli, Mauro", "Badolato, Raffaele", "Capra, Ruggero", "Imberti, Luisa"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505908", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A multiple sclerosis patient infected by SARS-CoV-2 during fingolimod therapy was hospitalized with moderate clinical features, and recovered in 15\u00a0days. High levels of CCL5 and CCL10 chemokines and of antibody-secreting B cells were detected, while the levels other B- and T-cell subsets were comparable to that of appropriate controls. However, CD4+ and CD8+ cells were oligoclonally expanded and prone to apoptosis when stimulated in vitro. This study suggests that fingolimod-immunosuppressed patients, despite the low circulating lymphocytes, may rapidly expand antibody-secreting cells and mount an effective immune response that favors COVID-19 recovery after drug discontinuation."}, {"pmid": 32425702, "pmcid": "PMC7229923", "title": "TERAVOLT: Thoracic Cancers International COVID-19 Collaboration.", "journal": "Cancer Cell", "authors": ["Whisenant, Jennifer G", "Trama, Annalisa", "Torri, Valter", "De Toma, Alessandro", "Viscardi, Giuseppe", "Cortellini, Alessio", "Michielin, Olivier", "Barlesi, Fabrice", "Dingemans, Anne-Marie C", "Van Meerbeeck, Jan", "Pancaldi, Vera", "Soo, Ross A", "Leighl, Natasha B", "Peters, Solange", "Wakelee, Heather", "Garassino, Marina Chiara", "Horn, Leora"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425702", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prior publications on small subsets of cancer patients infected with SARS CoV-2 have shown an increased risk of mortality compared to the general population. Furthermore, patients with thoracic malignancies are thought to be at particularly high risk given their older age, smoking habits, and pre-existing cardio-pulmonary comorbidities. For this reason, physicians around the world have formed TERAVOLT, a global consortium dedicated to understanding the impact of COVID-19 on patients with thoracic malignancies."}, {"pmid": 32225133, "title": "Number of COVID-19 cases in Chile at 120 days with data at 21/03/2020 and threshold of daily effort to flatten the epi-curve.", "journal": "Medwave", "authors": ["Cordova-Lepe, Fernando", "Gutierrez-Aguilar, Rodrigo", "Gutierrez-Jara, Juan Pablo"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32225133", "countries": ["Chile"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a straightforward projection with data up to 21/03/2020 of the evolution of the number of COVID-19 cases per day in Chile using data from the Ministry of Health. Assuming an arithmetical growth in the second variation of the data, we present a cubic adjustment model in which we estimate over 100 000 cases at 120 days consistent with the data recorded to date. Furthermore, we use an exponential total case model to represent (using a parameter) the daily effort to reduce a high initial daily growth rate. We simulate this model with different numerical scenarios of feasibility and desired future prevalence."}, {"pmid": 32511100, "title": "United States distribution of patients at risk for complications related to COVID-19.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Smith-Ray, Renae", "Roberts, Erin E", "Littleton, Devonee E", "Singh, Tanya", "Sandberg, Thomas", "Taitel, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511100", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 virus has spread exponentially across the United States. Older adults with underlying health conditions are at especially high risk of developing life-threatening complications if infected. Most ICU admissions and non-ICU hospitalizations have been among patients with at least one underlying health condition. This study developed a model to estimate the risk status of patients of a nationwide pharmacy chain in the US and to identify the geographic distribution of patients who are at the highest risk of severe COVID-19 complications. A risk model was developed using a training test split approach to identify patients who are at high-risk of developing serious complications from COVID-19. Adult patients (age 18+) were identified from the Walgreens pharmacy electronic data warehouse. Patients were considered eligible to contribute data to the model if they had at least one prescription filled at a Walgreens location between October 27, 2019 and March 25, 2020. Risk parameters included age, whether the patient is being treated for a serious or chronic condition, and urban density classification. Parameters were differentially weighted based on their association with severe complications reported in earlier cases. An at-risk rate per 1000 population was calculated at the county level, and ESRI ArcMap was used to depict rate of patients at high risk for severe complications from COVID-19. Real-time COVID-19 cases captured by the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) was layered in the risk map to show where cases exist relative to the high risk populations. Of the 29,824,409 adults included in this study, the average age is 55 years old, 15% have at least one specialty medication, and the average patient has 2 to 3 comorbidities. Nearly 20% of patients have the greatest risk score, and an additional 26.58% of patients are considered high risk with a scores of 8 - 10. Age accounts for 53% of a patient's total risk, followed by the number of comorbidities (30%), inferred COPD, Hypertension, or Diabetes (14%), and urban density classification (4%). This risk model utilizes data from approximately 10% of the US population. Currently, this is the most comprehensive US model to estimate and depict county-level prognosis of COVID-19 infection. This study shows that there are counties across the US whose residents are at high risk of developing severe complications from COVID-19. Our county-level risk estimates may be used alongside other data sets to improve the accuracy of anticipated healthcare resource needs. The interactive map can also aid in proactive planning and preparations among employers that are deemed critical, such as pharmacies and grocery stores to prevent the spread of COVID-19 within their facilities. "}, {"pmid": 32392623, "title": "Time to Leverage Health System Collaborations: Supporting Nursing Facilities Through the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Unroe, Kathleen T", "Vest, Joshua"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415617, "pmcid": "PMC7228861", "title": "Research with Marginalized Communities: Challenges to Continuity During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Sevelius, Jae M", "Gutierrez-Mock, Luis", "Zamudio-Haas, Sophia", "McCree, Breonna", "Ngo, Azize", "Jackson, Akira", "Clynes, Carla", "Venegas, Luz", "Salinas, Arianna", "Herrera, Cinthya", "Stein, Ellen", "Operario, Don", "Gamarel, Kristi"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415617", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496210, "title": "Combination antiviral therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol and interferon-alpha1b for COVID-19.", "journal": "Antivir Ther", "authors": ["Xie, Xiangyang", "Jiang, Yuanliang", "Zeng, Yuan", "Liu, Hui"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496210", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, China, no standard therapy guideline has been set despite the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its high infectivity. The globally pandemic outbreak suggests that COVID-19 was highly infectious and difficult to control. A dual-combination of ribavirin and interferon-\u03b1 has been the widely used regimen for the treatment of this disease in China. However, due to the varying results of treatment with these drugs, a novel antiviral combination therapy is urgently needed. This case reports the usage of lopinavir/ritonavir-based combination antiviral regimen for a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32234464, "pmcid": "PMC7270772", "title": "Complex emergencies of COVID-19: management and experience in Zhuhai, China.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Jin, Hao", "Lu, Ligong", "Liu, Junwei", "Cui, Min"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234464", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of communicable diseases (infectious diseases) on human health is obvious. The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) has made people realise the threat of communicable diseases to mankind. As a city of many migrants, Zhuhai Special Economic Zone experienced great challenges brought about by the COVID-19 epidemic. Experience has been acquired from all aspects of this. A highly reactive, multifunctional and efficient emergency management system should be established, and the significance of information communication should be fully understood for the future."}, {"pmid": 32353150, "pmcid": "PMC7197573", "title": "Our Health is the Public's Health: Pain Management Leadership in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Pain Med", "authors": ["Gallagher, Rollin M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371004, "pmcid": "PMC7194038", "title": "COVID-19-Where Have All the STEMIs Gone?", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Tanner, Richard", "MacDaragh Ryan, Paul", "Caplice, Noel M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371004", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347088, "title": "[Effects of novel coronavirus therapeutic drugs on cardiovascular system].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xie, S Y", "Deng, W", "Tang, Q Z"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347088", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511851, "title": "Rapid In-Vitro Inactivation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Using Povidone-Iodine Oral Antiseptic Rinse.", "journal": "J Prosthodont", "authors": ["Bidra, Avinash S", "Pelletier, Jesse S", "Westover, Jonna B", "Frank, Samantha", "Brown, Seth M", "Tessema, Belachew"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the optimal contact time and concentration for viricidal activity of oral preparation of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) against SARS-CoV-2 ('corona virus') to mitigate the risk and transmission of the virus in the dental practice. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) USA-WA1/2020 strain, virus stock was tested against oral antiseptic solutions consisting of aqueous povidone-iodine (PVP-I) as the sole active ingredient. The PVP-I was tested at diluted concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. Test media without any virus was added to 2 tubes of the compounds to serve as toxicity and neutralization controls. Ethanol (70%) was tested in parallel as a positive control, and water only as a negative control. The test solutions and virus were incubated at room temperature (22 \u00b12\u00b0C) for time periods of 15 and 30 seconds. The solution was then neutralized by a 1/10 dilution in minimum essential medium (MEM) 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 50 \u03bcg/mL gentamicin. Surviving virus from each sample was quantified by standard end-point dilution assay and the log reduction value (LRV) of each compound compared to the negative (water) control was calculated. PVP-I oral antiseptics at all tested concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%, completely inactivated SARS-CoV-2 within 15 seconds of contact. The 70% ethanol control group was unable to completely inactivate SARS-CoV-2 after 15 seconds of contact, but was able to inactivate the virus at 30 seconds of contact. PVP-I oral antiseptic preparations rapidly inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro. The viricidal activity was present at the lowest concentration of 0.5 % PVP-I and at the lowest contact time of 15 seconds. This important finding can justify the use of preprocedural oral rinsing with PVP-I (for patients and health care providers) may be useful as an adjunct to personal protective equipment, for dental and surgical specialties during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32297225, "pmcid": "PMC7159988", "title": "Dealing with COVID-19 in a Pediatric Rheumatology Unit in Italy.", "journal": "Paediatr Drugs", "authors": ["Costi, Stefania", "Caporali, Roberto", "Cimaz, Rolando"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297225", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423585, "pmcid": "PMC7200125", "title": "Is the HScore useful in COVID-19?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Leverenz, David L", "Tarrant, Teresa K"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423585", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320562, "title": "First Case of Covid-19 in the United States.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Wen, Qianjun", "Yang, Jing", "Luo, Tianyong"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320562", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421882, "title": "Guidance on the management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in the exceptional circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Rayman, G", "Lumb, A", "Kennon, B", "Cottrell, C", "Nagi, D", "Page, E", "Voigt, D", "Courtney, H", "Atkins, H", "Platts, J", "Higgins, K", "Dhatariya, K", "Patel, M", "Narendran, P", "Kar, P", "Newland-Jones, P", "Stewart, R", "Burr, O", "Thomas, S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446342, "pmcid": "PMC7241994", "title": "The first Global Pneumonia Forum: recommendations in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Bassat, Quique", "Watkins, Kevin", "Peterson, Stefan", "Bijleveld, Pascal", "Detjen, Anne", "Winn, Jessica", "Wright, Simon", "Kyrillou, Androulla", "Fanjul, Gonzalo", "Casamitjana, Nuria", "Greenslade, Leith"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446342", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32218525, "title": "COVID-19: Biomedical research in a world under social-distancing measures.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Arnold, Carrie"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218525", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457007, "pmcid": "PMC7200389", "title": "Hemodynamic Monitoring Options in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Rozental, Olga", "Thalappillil, Richard", "White, Robert S", "Kumar, Shreyajit R", "Tam, Christopher W"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457007", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473904, "pmcid": "PMC7244409", "title": "Reply to the letter of Mahajan and Gaur in response to the article: Comorbidities in COVID-19: Outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers (Singh et al.).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Gupta, Ritesh", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473904", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428087, "title": "The world haunted by Covid-19.", "journal": "An Acad Bras Cienc", "authors": ["Martelli Junior, Hercilio", "Martelli, Daniella R B", "Machado, Renato A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428087", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this time of confinement due to COVID-19 pandemic some reflections have been made e it has never been as clear as people can benefit from science. From the simple gesture of washing your hands like many others used during the quarantine, they have been identified by previous studies. In this way, we reinforce the need to maintain investments in the science."}, {"pmid": 32467087, "title": "Covid-19: The doctors turned YouTubers.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Stokel-Walker, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467087", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439870, "pmcid": "PMC7240244", "title": "COVID-19: the vasculature unleashed.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Teuwen, Laure-Anne", "Geldhof, Vincent", "Pasut, Alessandra", "Carmeliet, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439870", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526045, "title": "Harmless Effects of Sterilizing 222-nm far-UV Radiation on Mouse Skin and Eye Tissues.", "journal": "Photochem Photobiol", "authors": ["Cadet, Jean"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526045", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is growing interest in using ultraviolet (UV) radiation for bactericidal and viral decontamination of air, surfaces and foods, a trend that is reinforced during the Covid-19 pandemic. For almost a century and a half, UVC and UVB radiations have been used extensively for non-thermal sterilization against various microbial pathogens by developing so-called ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) disinfection treatments (1). Most previous applications have used UVC light emitted from broad spectrum 254-nm low-pressure mercury lamps, which, however, has undesirable, harmful effects on the skin and retina of mammals due to, among other things, biomolecule damage by mutagenic and carcinogenic bipyrimidine photoproducts. These include predominant cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) as well as lower amounts of pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoadducts (6-4PPs) and their secondary photo-induced Dewar valence isomers (2)."}, {"pmid": 32273143, "pmcid": "PMC7138181", "title": "Everything Old is New again: COVID-19 and Public Health.", "journal": "J Pediatr Nurs", "authors": ["Vessey, Judith A", "Betz, Cecily L"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273143", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32020111, "title": "Coronavirus outbreak: what's next?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Lewis, Dyani"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32020111", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419272, "pmcid": "PMC7267081", "title": "Molecular Targets for the Testing of COVID-19.", "journal": "Biotechnol J", "authors": ["Yong, Suh Kuan", "Su, Ping-Chia", "Yang, Yuh-Shyong"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419272", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread all over the world in a short period of time. Efficient identification of the infection by SARS-CoV-2 has been one of the most important tasks to facilitate all the following counter measurements in dealing with the infectious disease. In Taiwan, a COVID-19 Open Science Platform adheres to the spirit of open science: sharing sources, data, and methods to promote progress in academic research while corroborating findings from various disciplines has established in mid-February 2020, for collaborative research in support of the development of detection methods, therapeutics, and a vaccine for COVID-19. Research priorities include infection control, epidemiology, clinical characterization and management, detection methods (including viral RNA detection, viral antigen detection, and serum antibody detection), therapeutics (neutralizing antibody and small molecule drugs), vaccines, and SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. In addition, research on social ethics and the law are included to take full account of the impact of the COVID-19 virus."}, {"pmid": 32387246, "pmcid": "PMC7199677", "title": "Recognizing COVID-19-related myocarditis: The possible pathophysiology and proposed guideline for diagnosis and management.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Siripanthong, Bhurint", "Nazarian, Saman", "Muser, Daniele", "Deo, Rajat", "Santangeli, Pasquale", "Khanji, Mohammed Y", "Cooper, Leslie T Jr", "Chahal, C Anwar A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387246", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human coronavirus-associated myocarditis is known, and a number of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)-related myocarditis cases have been reported. The pathophysiology of COVID-19-related myocarditis is thought to be a combination of direct viral injury and cardiac damage due to the host's immune response. COVID-19 myocarditis diagnosis should be guided by insights from previous coronavirus and other myocarditis experience. The clinical findings include changes in electrocardiogram and cardiac biomarkers, and impaired cardiac function. When cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is not feasible, cardiac computed tomographic angiography with delayed myocardial imaging may serve to exclude significant coronary artery disease and identify myocardial inflammatory patterns. Because many COVID-19 patients have cardiovascular comorbidities, myocardial infarction should be considered. If the diagnosis remains uncertain, an endomyocardial biopsy may help identify active cardiac infection through viral genome amplification and possibly refine the treatment risks of systemic immunosuppression. Arrhythmias are not uncommon in COVID-19 patients, but the pathophysiology is still speculative. Nevertheless, clinicians should be vigilant to provide prompt monitoring and treatment. The long-term impact of COVID-19 myocarditis, including the majority of mild cases, remains unknown."}, {"pmid": 32250978, "pmcid": "PMC7173083", "title": "Importance of oral and nasal decontamination for patients undergoing anesthetics during the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Loftus, Randy W", "Dexter, Franklin", "Parra, Michelle C", "Brown, Jeremiah R"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250978", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484511, "title": "Honey Bee Queen Production: Canadian Costing Case Study and Profitability Analysis.", "journal": "J Econ Entomol", "authors": ["Bixby, Miriam", "Hoover, Shelley E", "McCallum, Robyn", "Ibrahim, Abdullah", "Ovinge, Lynae", "Olmstead, Sawyer", "Pernal, Stephen F", "Zayed, Amro", "Foster, Leonard J", "Guarna, M Marta"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484511", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The decline in managed honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colony health worldwide has had a significant impact on the beekeeping industry. To mitigate colony losses, beekeepers in Canada and around the world introduce queens into replacement colonies; however, Canada's short queen rearing season has historically limited the production of early season queens. As a result, Canadian beekeepers rely on the importation of foreign bees, particularly queens from warmer climates. Importing a large proportion of (often mal-adapted) queens each year creates a dependency on foreign bee sources, putting beekeeping, and pollination sectors at risk in the event of border closures, transportation issues, and other restrictions as is currently happening due to the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic. Although traditional Canadian queen production is unable to fully meet early season demand, increasing domestic queen production to meet mid- and later season demand would reduce Canada's dependency. As well, on-going studies exploring the potential for overwintering queens in Canada may offer a strategy to have early season domestic queens available. Increasing the local supply of queens could provide Canadian beekeepers, farmers, and consumers with a greater level of agricultural stability and food security. Our study is the first rigorous analysis of the economic feasibility of queen production. We present the costs of queen production for three Canadian operations over two years. Our results show that it can be profitable for a beekeeping operation in Canada to produce queen cells and mated queens and could be one viable strategy to increase the sustainability of the beekeeping industry."}, {"pmid": 32305291, "pmcid": "PMC7162763", "title": "Multicenter analysis of clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 who develop liver injury.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Qi, Xiaolong", "Liu, Chuan", "Jiang, Zicheng", "Gu, Ye", "Zhang, Guo", "Shao, Chuxiao", "Yue, Hongmei", "Chen, Zhenhuai", "Ma, Baoyi", "Liu, Dengxiang", "Zhang, Lin", "Wang, Jitao", "Xu, Dan", "Lei, Junqiang", "Li, Xun", "Huang, Huihong", "Wang, Yan", "Liu, Hongyan", "Yang, Jie", "Pan, Hongqiu", "Liu, Weiying", "Wang, Wenjuan", "Li, Fujian", "Zou, Shengqiang", "Zhang, Hongguang", "Dong, Jiahong"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305291", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373651, "pmcid": "PMC7197322", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders.", "journal": "Mov Disord Clin Pract", "authors": ["Papa, Stella M", "Brundin, Patrik", "Fung, Victor S C", "Kang, Un Jung", "Burn, David J", "Colosimo, Carlo", "Chiang, Han-Lin", "Alcalay, Roy N", "Trenkwalder, Claudia"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373651", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307131, "pmcid": "PMC7152878", "title": "Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery - continuing the service and 'suppressing' the pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Al-Muharraqi, M A"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307131", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330289, "title": "Be aware of misdiagnosis-Influenza A H1N1 in a pregnant patient with suspected COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Fang, He", "Xingfei, Pan", "Yingwei, Qiu", "Dunjin, Chen"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330289", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506768, "title": "Clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in aging male: A retrospective study of 18 cases.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Topaktas, Ramazan", "Tokuc, Emre", "Kutluhan, Musab Ali", "Akyuz, Mehmet", "Karabay, Emre", "Caliskan, Selahattin"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506768", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which emerged in China in December 2019 affects the world very seriously. We aimed to evaluate the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients who were admitted and treated to our hospital due to COVID-19. Between March 18, 2020 and April 5, 2020, 18 patients admitted with COVID-19 who has BPH and are using medication for this were included in the study and analyzed retrospectively. Diagnosis was confirmed by COVID-19 nucleic acid test by sampling sputum or nasopharyngeal swab. Standard COVID-19 treatment protocol determined by our Ministry of Health was applied to all patients according to their risk groups. Epidemiological, clinical, radiological features, additional diseases, laboratory tests, complications and outcome data of all patients were recorded. Mean age of patients was 59.6 (range: 56-73). As the mode of transmission, 10 (55.5%) of patients were infected in hospital, 5 (27.7%) patients had a relative with COVID-19 and 3 (16,6%) was unknown. During follow-up, 2 (11.1%) patients were transferred to intensive care unit (ICU). One of these patients dramatically progressed and died. Patients who survived and were not transferred to ICU had lesser comorbidities and were relatively young. Mean duration of hospitalization was 14.2 days (range 12-19). We think that COVID-19 patients with BPH had a low mortality rate and did not have a poor prognosis in this patient group. It is crucial to take comprehensive preventive measures to control COVID-19 transmission via hospital route."}, {"pmid": 32191341, "pmcid": "PMC7163529", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: The harms of exaggerated information and non-evidence-based measures.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Ioannidis, John P A"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191341", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283052, "pmcid": "PMC7151282", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) CT Findings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Bao, Cuiping", "Liu, Xuehuan", "Zhang, Han", "Li, Yiming", "Liu, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283052", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, considerable knowledge gaps remain regarding the chest CT imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of results from published studies to date to provide a summary of evidence on detection of COVID-19 by chest CT and the expected CT imaging manifestations. Studies were identified by searching PubMed database for articles published between December 2019 and February 2020. Pooled CT positive rate of COVID-19 and pooled incidence of CT imaging findings were estimated using a random-effect model. A total of 13 studies met inclusion criteria. The pooled positive rate of the CT imaging was 89.76% and 90.35% when only including thin-section chest CT. Typical CT signs were ground glass opacities (83.31%), ground glass opacities with mixed consolidation (58.42%), adjacent pleura thickening (52.46%), interlobular septal thickening (48.46%), and air bronchograms (46.46%). Other CT signs included crazy paving pattern (14.81%), pleural effusion (5.88%), bronchiectasis (5.42%), pericardial effusion (4.55%), and lymphadenopathy (3.38%). The most anatomic distributions were bilateral lung infection (78.2%) and peripheral distribution (76.95%). The incidences were highest in the right lower lobe (87.21%), left lower lobe (81.41%), and bilateral lower lobes (65.22%). The right upper lobe (65.22%), right middle lobe (54.95%), and left upper lobe (69.43%) were also commonly involved. The incidence of bilateral upper lobes was 60.87%. A considerable proportion of patients had three or more lobes involved (70.81%). The detection of COVID-19 chest CT imaging is very high among symptomatic individuals at high risk, especially using thin-section chest CT. The most common CT features in patients affected by COVID-19 included ground glass opacities and consolidation involving the bilateral lungs in a peripheral distribution."}, {"pmid": 32441586, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Implications in Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Alsaied, Tarek", "Aboulhosn, Jamil A", "Cotts, Timothy B", "Daniels, Curt J", "Etheridge, Susan P", "Feltes, Timothy F", "Gurvitz, Michelle Z", "Lewin, Mark B", "Oster, Matthew E", "Saidi, Arwa"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441586", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently described infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with significant cardiovascular implications. Given the increased risk for severe COVID-19 observed in adults with underlying cardiac involvement, there is concern that patients with pediatric and congenital heart disease may likewise be at increased risk for severe infection. The cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 include myocarditis, arrhythmia, and myocardial infarction. Importantly, the pandemic has stretched healthcare systems and many care team members are at risk for contracting and possibly transmitting the disease which may further impact the care of patients with cardiovascular disease. In this review, we describe the effects of COVID-19 in the pediatric and young adult population and review the cardiovascular involvement in COVID-19 focusing on implications for patients with congenital heart disease in particular."}, {"pmid": 32425183, "title": "[Managing cardiac patients post-COVID-19 pandemic: a proposal by the ANMCO Veneto Region].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Bilato, Claudio", "Roncon, Loris", "Anselmi, Maurizio", "Valle, Roberto", "Perrone, Cosimo", "Mecenero, Alessandro", "Zuin, Marco", "Themistoclakis, Sakis"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425183", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 post-lockdown period and the subsequent progressive withdrawal of the quarantine measures are currently allowing the gradual resumption of the ordinary clinical activities, which have been suppressed during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this phase, it is crucial to minimize the risk of infection to limit COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality and the number of new cases. Indeed, COVID-19 manifestations may be equivocal, including asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients. In order to ensure the safety of patients and healthcare providers, therefore, it is mandatory to stratify the risk of post-COVID-19 pandemic infection during the clinical and instrumental evaluation of cardiac patients, who are at low risk for COVID-19. Here we discuss the most common diagnostic procedures and therapeutic activities, the type of personal protective equipment according to the different tests, the timetable of the different diagnostic examinations, the tele-health services or alternative strategies, and the structural and management requirements, that should be applied to protect patients and healthcare providers in the post-COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32410333, "pmcid": "PMC7272877", "title": "Delivering urgent urological surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: Outcomes from our initial 52 patients.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Paramore, Louise", "Yang, Bob", "Abdelmotagly, Yehia", "Noureldin, Mohamed", "McLean, Duncan", "Rajkumar, Govindaraj", "Adamson, Andrew", "Emara, Amr", "White, Christopher", "Hindley, Richard", "Nedas, Timothy"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410333", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since first reported in December 2019, the novel RNA betacoronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly across the world with, as of the 3rd May 2020, 3.3 million confirmed cases with more than 230,000 deaths worldwide and more than 200 countries affected. The most common symptoms reported include dry cough, fever and fatigue with ground-glass opacification bilaterally in the lungs on imaging and lymphopenia on haematological analysis. In severe cases the patients can develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or multi organ failure which can lead to death. Transmission of the virus (SARS-CoV-2) is via direct contact or via droplets spread by a cough or sneeze from an infected individual. The difficulty in disease detection and containment has been the long course of COVID-19. Current evidence shows an incubation period of up to 14 days post exposure to the virus, and on average most patients first display symptoms on day five after initial exposure. More importantly, carriers are contagious even during this preceding asymptomatic incubation phase of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32502844, "pmcid": "PMC7244440", "title": "The evaluation of sleep disturbances for Chinese frontline medical workers under the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Sleep Med", "authors": ["Qi, Jing", "Xu, Jing", "Li, Bo-Zhi", "Huang, Jin-Sha", "Yang, Yuan", "Zhang, Zhen-Tao", "Yao, Dong-Ai", "Liu, Qun-Hui", "Jia, Min", "Gong, Dao-Kai", "Ni, Xiao-Hong", "Zhang, Qi-Mei", "Shang, Fu-Rong", "Xiong, Nian", "Zhu, Chun-Li", "Wang, Tao", "Zhang, Xi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502844", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Greece"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate sleep disturbances of Chinese frontline medical workers (FMW) under the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and make a comparison with non-FMW. The medical workers from multiple hospitals in Hubei Province, China, volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study. An online questionnaire, including Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), was used to evaluate sleep disturbances and mental status. Sleep disturbances were defined as PSQI>6 points or/and AIS>6 points. We compared the scores of PSQI, AIS, anxiety and depression VAS, as well as prevalence of sleep disturbances between FMW and non-FMW. A total of 1306 subjects (801 FMW and 505 non-FMW) were enrolled. Compared to non-FMW, FMW had significantly higher scores of PSQI (9.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.8 vs 7.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.7; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001; Cohen's d\u00a0=\u00a00.47), AIS (6.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.3 vs 5.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.8; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001; Cohen's d\u00a0=\u00a00.38), anxiety (4.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.7 vs 4.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.6; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001; Cohen's d\u00a0=\u00a00.22) and depression (4.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.5 vs 3.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.4; P\u00a0=\u00a00.001; Cohen's d\u00a0=\u00a00.21), as well as higher prevalence of sleep disturbances according to PSQI\u00a0>\u00a06 points (78.4% vs 61.0%; relative risk [RR]\u00a0=\u00a01.29; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and AIS\u00a0>\u00a06 points (51.7% vs 35.6%; RR\u00a0=\u00a01.45; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). FMW have higher prevalence of sleep disturbances and worse sleep quality than non-FMW. Further interventions should be administrated for FMW, aiming to maintain their healthy condition and guarantee their professional performance in the battle against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32322398, "pmcid": "PMC7163302", "title": "COVID-19 and intracerebral haemorrhage: causative or coincidental?", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Sharifi-Razavi, A", "Karimi, N", "Rouhani, N"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322398", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumonia appears to be the most common manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but some extrapulmonary involvement, such as gastrointestinal, cardiac and renal, has been reported. The limited clinical data about the virus's behavior to date, especially extrapulmonary symptoms, suggest that we should be aware of the possibility of initial cerebrovascular manifestations of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32234121, "pmcid": "PMC7118348", "title": "Estimating the infection and case fatality ratio for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) using age-adjusted data from the outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship, February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Russell, Timothy W", "Hellewell, Joel", "Jarvis, Christopher I", "van Zandvoort, Kevin", "Abbott, Sam", "Ratnayake, Ruwan", "Cmmid Covid-Working Group", "Flasche, Stefan", "Eggo, Rosalind M", "Edmunds, W John", "Kucharski, Adam J"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234121", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Adjusting for delay from confirmation to death, we estimated case and infection fatality ratios (CFR, IFR) for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the Diamond Princess ship as 2.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89-6.7) and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.38-3.6), respectively. Comparing deaths on board with expected deaths based on naive CFR estimates from China, we estimated CFR and IFR in China to be 1.2% (95% CI: 0.3-2.7) and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.2-1.3), respectively."}, {"pmid": 32371404, "title": "Medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives from UK trainees.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Yuen, Jason", "Xie, Fangyi"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371404", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364347, "pmcid": "PMC7222621", "title": "One oral and maxillofacial surgeon's attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Lee, Won"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364347", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202608, "pmcid": "PMC7091374", "title": "Ethics Committee Reviews of Applications for Research Studies at 1 Hospital in China During the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Epidemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Zhang, Hui", "Shao, Fengmin", "Gu, Jianqin", "Li, Li", "Wang, Yuming"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202608", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362721, "pmcid": "PMC7194741", "title": "Cyberpsychology research and COVID-19.", "journal": "Comput Human Behav", "authors": ["Guitton, Matthieu J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362721", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022Research in cyberpsychology is needed during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u2022COVID-19 elicits new challenges for cyrberpsychology research.\u2022Online technologies will be part of the solution to mitigate the crisis."}, {"pmid": 32459984, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Phylogenetic Analysis, Lazio Region, Italy, February-March 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bartolini, Barbara", "Rueca, Martina", "Gruber, Cesare Ernesto Maria", "Messina, Francesco", "Carletti, Fabrizio", "Giombini, Emanuela", "Lalle, Eleonora", "Bordi, Licia", "Matusali, Giulia", "Colavita, Francesca", "Castilletti, Concetta", "Vairo, Francesco", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria", "Di Caro, Antonino"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459984", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report phylogenetic and mutational analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus strains from the Lazio region of Italy and provide information about the dynamics of virus spread. Data suggest effective containment of clade V strains, but subsequently, multiple waves of clade G strains were circulating widely in Europe."}, {"pmid": 32468589, "title": "Surgical mask dermatitis caused by formaldehyde (releasers) during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Contact Dermatitis", "authors": ["Aerts, Olivier", "Dendooven, Ella", "Foubert, Kenn", "Stappers, Sofie", "Ulicki, Michal", "Lambert, Julien"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468589", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32204753, "title": "[An interpretation on perinatal and neonatal management plan for prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2nd Edition)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Lai-Shuan", "Hu, Xiao-Jing", "Zhou, Wen-Hao"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204753", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues so far. The cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported in pregnant women and neonates as special groups. Perinatal and neonatal management plan for prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2nd Edition) has been worked out by the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. This paper presents an interpretation on the 2nd Edition of the management plan, so as to facilitate readers to better understand it."}, {"pmid": 32356603, "pmcid": "PMC7267526", "title": "Why the SARS-Cov-2 has prolonged spreading time in children?", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Yurttutan, Sadik", "Ipek, Sevcan", "Gullu, Utku U"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356603", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32228364, "pmcid": "PMC7233380", "title": "Radiology Department Preparedness for COVID-19: Facing an Unexpected Outbreak of the Disease.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Orsi, Marcello Alessandro", "Oliva, Antonio Giancarlo", "Cellina, Michaela"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228364", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512122, "title": "Acute myocardial injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection: A review.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Bavishi, Chirag", "Bonow, Robert O", "Trivedi, Vrinda", "Abbott, J Dawn", "Messerli, Franz H", "Bhatt, Deepak L"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512122", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a global pandemic with millions affected and millions more at risk for contracting the infection. The COVID-19 virus, SARS-CoV-2, affects multiple organ systems particularly the lungs and heart. Elevation of cardiac biomarkers, particularly high-sensitivity troponin and/or creatine kinase MB, is common in patients with COVID-19 infection. In our review of clinical studies, we found that in 26 studies including 11,685 patients, the weighted pooled prevalence of acute myocardial injury was 20% (ranged from 5% to 38% depending on the criteria used). The plausible mechanisms of myocardial injury include, 1) hyperinflammation and cytokine storm mediated through pathologic T-cells and monocytes leading to myocarditis, 2) respiratory failure and hypoxemia resulting in damage to cardiac myocytes, 3) down regulation of ACE2 expression and subsequent protective signaling pathways in cardiac myocytes, 4) hypercoagulability and development of coronary microvascular thrombosis, 5) diffuse endothelial injury and 'endotheliitis' in several organs including heart, and, 6) inflammation and/or stress causing coronary plaque rupture or supply-demand mismatch leading to myocardial ischemia/infarction. Cardiac biomarkers can be used to aid in diagnosis as well as risk stratification. In patients with elevated hs-troponin, clinical context is important and myocarditis as well as stress induced cardiomyopathy should be considered in the differential, along with type I and type II myocardial infarction. Irrespective of etiology, patients with acute myocardial injury should be prioritized for treatment. Clinical decisions including interventions should be individualized and carefully tailored after thorough review of risks/benefits. Given the complex interplay of SARS-CoV-2 with the cardiovascular system, further investigation into potential mechanisms is needed to guide effective therapies. Randomized trials are urgently needed to investigate treatment modalities to reduce the incidence and mortality associated with COVID-19 related acute myocardial injury."}, {"pmid": 32237278, "pmcid": "PMC7228321", "title": "Isolation and rapid sharing of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from the first patient diagnosed with COVID-19 in Australia.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Caly, Leon", "Druce, Julian", "Roberts, Jason", "Bond, Katherine", "Tran, Thomas", "Kostecki, Renata", "Yoga, Yano", "Naughton, William", "Taiaroa, George", "Seemann, Torsten", "Schultz, Mark B", "Howden, Benjamin P", "Korman, Tony M", "Lewin, Sharon R", "Williamson, Deborah A", "Catton, Mike G"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237278", "countries": ["China", "Australia"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the first isolation and sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in Australia and rapid sharing of the isolate. SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from a 58-year-old man from Wuhan, China who arrived in Melbourne on 19 January 2020 and was admitted to the Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne from the emergency department on 24 January 2020 with fever, cough, and progressive dyspnoea. Clinical course and laboratory features of the first reported case of COVID-19 (the illness caused by SARS-CoV-2) in Australia; isolation, whole genome sequencing, imaging, and rapid sharing of virus from the patient. A nasopharyngeal swab and sputum collected when the patient presented to hospital were each positive for SARS-CoV-2 (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). Inoculation of Vero/hSLAM cells with material from the nasopharyngeal swab led to the isolation of SARS-CoV-2 virus in culture. Electron microscopy of the supernatant confirmed the presence of virus particles with morphology characteristic of viruses of the family Coronaviridae. Whole genome sequencing of the viral isolate and phylogenetic analysis indicated the isolate exhibited greater than 99.99% sequence identity with other publicly available SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Within 24 hours of isolation, the first Australian SARS-CoV-2 isolate was shared with local and overseas reference laboratories and major North American and European culture collections. The ability to rapidly identify, propagate, and internationally share our SARS-CoV-2 isolate is an important step in collaborative scientific efforts to deal effectively with this international public health emergency by developing better diagnostic procedures, vaccine candidates, and antiviral agents."}, {"pmid": 32320477, "pmcid": "PMC7264731", "title": "Chloroquine Dosing Recommendations for Pediatric COVID-19 Supported by Modeling and Simulation.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Verscheijden, Laurens F M", "van der Zanden, Tjitske M", "van Bussel, Lianne P M", "de Hoop-Sommen, Marika", "Russel, Frans G M", "Johnson, Trevor N", "de Wildt, Saskia N"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320477", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As chloroquine (CHQ) is part of the Dutch Centre for Infectious Disease Control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experimental treatment guideline, pediatric dosing guidelines are needed. Recent pediatric data suggest that existing World Health Organization (WHO) dosing guidelines for children with malaria are suboptimal. The aim of our study was to establish best-evidence to inform pediatric CHQ doses for children infected with COVID-19. A previously developed physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK)\u00a0model for CHQ was used to simulate exposure in adults and children and verified against published pharmacokinetic data. The COVID-19 recommended adult dosage regimen of 44\u00a0mg/kg total was tested in adults and children to evaluate the extent of variation in exposure. Based on differences in area under the concentration-time curve from zero to 70 hours (AUC0-70h ) the optimal CHQ dose was determined in children of different ages compared with adults. Revised doses were re-introduced into the model to verify that overall CHQ exposure in each age band was within 5% of the predicted adult value. Simulations showed differences in drug exposure in children of different ages and adults when the same body-weight based dose is given. As such, we propose the following total cumulative doses: 35\u00a0mg/kg (CHQ base) for children 0-1\u00a0month, 47\u00a0mg/kg for 1-6\u00a0months, 55\u00a0mg/kg for 6\u00a0months-12\u00a0years, and 44\u00a0mg/kg for adolescents and adults, not to exceed 3,300\u00a0mg in any patient. Our study supports age-adjusted CHQ dosing in children with COVID-19 in order to avoid suboptimal or toxic doses. The knowledge-driven, model-informed dose selection paradigm can serve as a science-based alternative to recommend pediatric dosing when pediatric clinical trial data is absent."}, {"pmid": 32459359, "title": "Psychiatry in Times of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Imperative for Psychiatrists to Act Now.", "journal": "JAMA Psychiatry", "authors": ["Luykx, Jurjen J", "Vinkers, Christiaan H", "Tijdink, Joeri K"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459359", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394099, "pmcid": "PMC7211912", "title": "Low-dose radiotherapy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.", "journal": "Strahlenther Onkol", "authors": ["Chakrabarti, Deep", "Verma, Mranalini"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394099", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300260, "pmcid": "PMC7151455", "title": "Editorial: Studying the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on intercultural relations.", "journal": "Int J Intercult Relat", "authors": ["Schwartz, Seth J"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300260", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408845, "title": "Virus transmission during orthopedic surgery on patients with COVID-19 - a brief narrative review.", "journal": "Acta Orthop", "authors": ["Basso, Trude", "Dale, Havard", "Langvatn, Hakon", "Lonne, Greger", "Skramm, Inge", "Westberg, Marianne", "Wik, Tina S", "Witso, Eivind"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408845", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and purpose - COVID-19 is among the most impactful pandemics that the society has experienced. Orthopedic surgery involves procedures generating droplets and aerosols and there is concern amongst surgeons that otherwise rational precautionary principles are being set aside due to lack of scientific evidence and a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE). This narrative review attempts to translate relevant knowledge into practical recommendations for healthcare workers involved in orthopedic surgery on patients with known or suspected COVID-19.Patients and methods - We unsystematically searched in PubMed, reference lists, and the WHO's web page for relevant publications concerning problems associated with the PPE used in perioperative practice when a patient is COVID-19 positive or suspected to be. A specific search for literature regarding COVID-19 was extended to include publications from the SARS epidemic in 2002/3.Results - Transmission of infectious viruses from patient to surgeon during surgery is possible, but does not appear to be a considerable problem in clinical practice. Seal-leakage is a problem with surgical masks. Due to the lack of studies and reports, the possibility of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from patient to surgeon during droplet- and aerosol-generating procedures is unknown.Interpretation - Surgical masks should be used only in combination with a widely covering visor and when a respirator (N95, FFP2, P3) is not made available. Furthermore, basic measures to reduce shedding of droplets and aerosols during surgery and correct and consistent use of personal protective equipment is important."}, {"pmid": 32317499, "title": "A tribute to frontline corona warriors--Doctors who sacrificed their life while saving patients during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Pandey, Suresh K", "Sharma, Vidushi"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317499", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519892, "title": "Consideration of Pannexin 1 channels in COVID-19 pathology and treatment.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Swayne, Leigh Anne", "Johnstone, Scott R", "Ng, Chen Seng", "Sanchez-Arias, Juan C", "Good, Miranda E", "Penuela, Silvia", "Lohman, Alexander W", "Wolpe, Abigail G", "Laubach, Victor E", "Koval, Michael", "Isakson, Brant E"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519892", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pannexin1 (PANX1) is a ubiquitously expressed, channel-forming protein found in a number of tissues thoughout the body (e.g. lung, vasculature, liver, central nervous system, immune system) that is important in many key physiological and immune responses. PANX1 channels passively flux ATP (predominantly), multiple metabolites, and likely other small anions. PANX1 channels regulate inflammation and host responses to several pathogens, including viruses. While there is currently no evidence suggesting novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and PANX1 directly interact, there is an urgent need for therapeutic strategies, especially those targeting the hyper-inflammation and cytokine storm that occurs in severe cases of COVID-19. Here we argue that PANX1, and drugs known to target PANX1 (including the FDA-approved drug probenecid), should be the focus of further investigation in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its associated pathology in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32447603, "pmcid": "PMC7245189", "title": "YouTube as a source of information on COVID-19 and rheumatic disease link.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Kocyigit, Burhan Fatih", "Akaltun, Mazlum Serdar", "Sahin, Ahmet Riza"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447603", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is continuing to spread rapidly despite all efforts. Patients with rheumatic disease may have higher levels of anxiety due to their disease characteristics and medications. The web-based platforms are widely used sources for gaining medical information. YouTube presents a wide range of medical information, but there are concerns on its quality. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the quality of the YouTube videos about COVID-19 and rheumatic diseases link. This is a descriptive study. A total of 360 videos listed by the YouTube search engine (www.youtube.com) in response to six search terms were evaluated. The Global Quality Scale (GQS) was performed to evaluate video quality. Three groups were formed according to GQS scores: high quality, moderate quality, and low quality. Video parameters were compared between these groups. After the exclusion criteria, 46 videos were reviewed. Of the videos, 41.4% (n\u2009=\u200919) were of high-quality group, 21.7% (n\u2009=\u200910) were moderate-quality group, and 36.9% (n\u2009=\u200917) were of low-quality group. Significant difference was detected between the quality groups in terms of views per day (p\u2009=\u20090.004). No significant difference was detected in comments per day (p\u2009=\u20090.139) and like ratio (p\u2009=\u20090.232). Besides high-quality videos, there were substantially low-quality videos that could cause misleading information to spread rapidly during the pandemic. Videos from trustworthy sources such as universities, academics, and physicians should be kept in the foreground.Key Points\u2022Web-based platforms have become an important source of health-related information. One of the most important online sources is YouTube because it is easy accessible and free.\u2022Of the videos evaluating the link between COVID-19 and rheumatic diseases, 41.4% (n\u2009=\u200919) were of high quality.\u2022The main sources of high-quality videos were academics/universities and physicians.\u2022The most frequently discussed topics in videos were the place of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 and whether to continue the use of existing rheumatological drugs."}, {"pmid": 32236465, "pmcid": "PMC7184506", "title": "The Cardiologist at the time of Coronavirus: a perfect storm.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Rapezzi, Claudio", "Ferrari, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236465", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370758, "pmcid": "PMC7200052", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase as target for antiviral therapy.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Buonaguro, Luigi", "Tagliamonte, Maria", "Tornesello, Maria Lina", "Buonaguro, Franco M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370758", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new human coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 was identified in several cases of acute respiratory syndrome in Wuhan, China in December 2019. On March 11 2020, WHO declared the SARS-CoV-2 infection to be a pandemic, based on the involvement of 169 nations. Specific drugs for SARS-CoV-2 are obviously not available. Currently, drugs originally developed for other viruses or parasites are currently in clinical trials based on empiric data. In the quest of an effective antiviral drug, the most specific target for an RNA virus is the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) which shows significant differences between positive-sense and negative-sense RNA viruses. An accurate evaluation of RdRps from different viruses may guide the development of new drugs or the repositioning of already approved antiviral drugs as treatment of SARS-CoV-2. This can accelerate the containment of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and, hopefully, of future pandemics due to other emerging zoonotic RNA viruses."}, {"pmid": 32424697, "pmcid": "PMC7232906", "title": "Making transesophageal echocardiography safer during COVID-19: is there a role for probe protective equipment (pPE)?", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lee, Trevor W", "Enns, James"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424697", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353545, "pmcid": "PMC7184976", "title": "Persistence of intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with COVID-19 leads to re-admission after pneumonia resolved.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Xiaorong", "Zhou, Yaya", "Jiang, Nanchuan", "Zhou, Qiong", "Ma, Wan-Li"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353545", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current reports of COVID-19 focus on the respiratory system, however, intestinal infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 are also worthy of attention. This paper reported persistence of intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to re-admission after pneumonia resolved in three cases with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32422205, "pmcid": "PMC7228718", "title": "Toward a clinically based classification of disease severity for paediatric COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Buonsenso, Danilo", "Parri, Niccolo", "De Rose, Cristina", "Valentini, Piero"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422205", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492406, "pmcid": "PMC7254001", "title": "Proteomic and Metabolomic Characterization of COVID-19 Patient Sera.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Shen, Bo", "Yi, Xiao", "Sun, Yaoting", "Bi, Xiaojie", "Du, Juping", "Zhang, Chao", "Quan, Sheng", "Zhang, Fangfei", "Sun, Rui", "Qian, Liujia", "Ge, Weigang", "Liu, Wei", "Liang, Shuang", "Chen, Hao", "Zhang, Ying", "Li, Jun", "Xu, Jiaqin", "He, Zebao", "Chen, Baofu", "Wang, Jing", "Yan, Haixi", "Zheng, Yufen", "Wang, Donglian", "Zhu, Jiansheng", "Kong, Ziqing", "Kang, Zhouyang", "Liang, Xiao", "Ding, Xuan", "Ruan, Guan", "Xiang, Nan", "Cai, Xue", "Gao, Huanhuan", "Li, Lu", "Li, Sainan", "Xiao, Qi", "Lu, Tian", "Zhu, Yi", "Liu, Huafen", "Chen, Haixiao", "Guo, Tiannan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492406", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early detection and effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients remain major challenges. Here, we performed proteomic and metabolomic profiling of sera from 46 COVID-19 and 53 control individuals. We then trained a machine learning model using proteomic and metabolomic measurements from a training cohort of 18 non-severe and 13 severe patients. The model was validated using 10 independent patients, 7 of which were correctly classified. Targeted proteomics and metabolomics assays were employed to further validate this molecular classifier in a second test cohort of 19 COVID-19 patients, leading to 16 correct assignments. We identified molecular changes in the sera of COVID-19 patients compared to other groups implicating dysregulation of macrophage, platelet degranulation, complement system pathways, and massive metabolic suppression. This study revealed characteristic protein and metabolite changes in the sera of severe COVID-19 patients, which might be used in selection of potential blood biomarkers for severity evaluation."}, {"pmid": 32267833, "pmcid": "PMC7185114", "title": "Does comorbidity increase the risk of patients with COVID-19: evidence from meta-analysis.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Wang, Bolin", "Li, Ruobao", "Lu, Zhong", "Huang, Yan"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267833", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the number of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased rapidly, but relationship between comorbidity and patients with COVID-19 still not clear. The aim was to explore whether the presence of common comorbidities increases COVID-19 patients' risk. A literature search was performed using the electronic platforms (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and other databases) to obtain relevant research studies published up to March 1, 2020. Relevant data of research endpoints in each study were extracted and merged. All data analysis was performed using Stata12.0 software. A total of 1558 patients with COVID-19 in 6 studies were enrolled in our meta-analysis eventually. Hypertension (OR: 2.29, P<0.001), diabetes (OR: 2.47, P<0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR: 5.97, P<0.001), cardiovascular disease (OR: 2.93, P<0.001), and cerebrovascular disease (OR:3.89, P=0.002)were independent risk factors associated with COVID-19 patients. The meta-analysis revealed no correlation between increased risk of COVID-19 and liver disease, malignancy, or renal disease. Hypertension, diabetes, COPD, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease are major risk factors for patients with COVID-19. Knowledge of these risk factors can be a resource for clinicians in the early appropriate medical management of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32421383, "title": "Community Mitigation During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Mission Impossible in Developing Countries.", "journal": "Popul Health Manag", "authors": ["Abdel-Moneim, Ahmed S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421383", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220862, "title": "Covid-19: Over 300 Italian doctors and scientists call for more testing.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Paterlini, Marta"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220862", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406594, "pmcid": "PMC7273002", "title": "The Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Diabetes Mellitus and Secondary Hyperglycaemia Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: a Single-center, Retrospective, Observational Study in Wuhan.", "journal": "Diabetes Obes Metab", "authors": ["Zhang, Yang", "Li, Haichao", "Zhang, Jian", "Cao, Yedi", "Zhao, Xue", "Yu, Nan", "Gao, Ying", "Ma, Jing", "Zhang, Hong", "Zhang, Junqing", "Guo, Xiaohui", "Liu, Xinmin"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406594", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19, limited information is available on diabetic patients with COVID-19. We retrospectively analysed 166 COVID-19 patients at Tongji Hospital (Wuhan) from February 8 to March 21, 2020. Clinical characteristics and outcomes (as of April 4, 2020) were compared among control (group 1), secondary hyperglycaemia (group 2: no diabetes history, FPG levels \u22657.0\u2009mmol/L once and HbA1c values <6.5%) and diabetic (group 3) patients. Compared to group 1, groups 2 and 3 had higher rates of leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, eosinopenia, and levels of sCRP, ferritin and d-dimer (P\u2009<\u20090.05 for all). Group 2 patients have higher levels of LDH, prevalence of liver dysfunction and increased IL-8 than those in group 1, a higher prevalence of increased IL-8 was found in group 2 than in group 3 (P\u2009<\u20090.05 for all). The proportions of critical patients in groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher compared to group 1 (38.1%, 32.8% vs. 9.5%, P\u2009<\u20090.05 for both). Groups 2 and 3 had significantly longer hospital stays than group 1, which was nearly one week longer. The composite outcomes risks were 5.47 (1.56-19.82) and 2.61 (0.86-7.88) times greater in group 2 and 3 than in group 1. Hyperglycemia in both diabetes and secondary hyperglycemia patients with COVID-19 may indicate poor prognoses. There were differences between secondary hyperglycemia and diabetes patients. We recommend that clinicians pay more attention to the blood glucose status of COVID-19 patients, even those not diagnosed with diabetes before admission."}, {"pmid": 32362015, "pmcid": "PMC7267434", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic Illuminates Persistent and Emerging Disparities among Rural Black Populations.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Zahnd, Whitney E"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362015", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490890, "title": "Progression of confirmed COVID-19 cases after the implementation of control measures.", "journal": "Rev Bras Ter Intensiva", "authors": ["Antunes, Bianca Brandao de Paula", "Peres, Igor Tona", "Baiao, Fernanda Araujo", "Ranzani, Otavio Tavares", "Bastos, Leonardo Dos Santos Lourenco", "Silva, Amanda de Araujo Batista da", "Souza, Guilherme Faveret Garcia de", "Marchesi, Janaina Figueira", "Dantas, Leila Figueiredo", "Vargas, Soraida Aguilar", "Macaira, Paula", "Hamacher, Silvio", "Bozza, Fernando Augusto"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490890", "countries": ["Italy", "Korea, Republic of", "Brazil", "Spain", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyse the measures adopted by countries that have shown control over the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and how each curve of accumulated cases behaved after the implementation of those measures. The methodology adopted for this study comprises three phases: systemizing control measures adopted by different countries, identifying structural breaks in the growth of the number of cases for those countries, and analyzing Brazilian data in particular. We noted that China (excluding Hubei Province), Hubei Province, and South Korea have been effective in their deceleration of the growth rates of COVID-19 cases. The effectiveness of the measures taken by these countries could be seen after 1 to 2 weeks of their application. In Italy and Spain, control measures at the national level were taken at a late stage of the epidemic, which could have contributed to the high propagation of COVID-19. In Brazil, Rio de Janeiro and S\u00e3o Paulo adopted measures that could be effective in slowing the propagation of the virus. However, we only expect to see their effects on the growth of the curve in the coming days. Our results may help decisionmakers in countries in relatively early stages of the epidemic, especially Brazil, understand the importance of control measures in decelerating the growth curve of confirmed cases."}, {"pmid": 32339478, "pmcid": "PMC7182509", "title": "COVID-19 deaths in Lombardy, Italy: data in context.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Odone, Anna", "Delmonte, Davide", "Scognamiglio, Thea", "Signorelli, Carlo"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339478", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449262, "title": "Birth plan alterations among American women in response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Expect", "authors": ["Gildner, Theresa E", "Thayer, Zaneta M"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449262", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428303, "title": "COVID-19 and Dermatology: A Comprehensive Guide for Dermatologists.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Fahmy, Dina Hassan", "El-Amawy, Heba Saed", "El-Samongy, Marwa Ahmed", "Foud, Aya Ashraf", "Soliman, Sarah Hamdy", "El-Kady, Aya", "Farnetani, Francesca", "Conti, Andrea", "Zoeir, Ahmed", "Eissa, Ahmed", "Eissa, Radwa", "Puliatti, Stefano", "Sighinolfi, Maria Chiara", "Rocco, Bernardo", "Pellacani, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412509, "title": "COVID-19 Comes 40 Years After AIDS - Any Lesson?", "journal": "AIDS Rev", "authors": ["Soriano, Vicente", "Barreiro, Pablo", "Ramos, Jose Manuel", "Eiros, Jose M", "de Mendoza, Carmen"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412509", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has hit health-care systems and societies in an unprecedented manner. In 1981, the first cases of AIDS were reported and wide diagnostic testing helped to characterize high-risk groups and the global burden of the epidemic. With Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19, everything has happened too fast and both cases and fatalities are huge but still uncertain in most places. Diagnostic testing of active and past SARS-CoV-2 infections needs to expand rapidly, ideally using rapid tests. COVID-19 deaths are highly concentrated in the elderly population, with a large proportion of fatalities being \"with\" rather than \"by\" SARS-CoV-2 infection. They are often the result of inadequate health care due to overwhelming demands. To date, there is no specific therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several antivirals are being tested clinically, including remdesivir, at this time the most promising. For others such as lopinavir/ritonavir, neither significant virological nor clinical benefit has been shown. Given the characteristic pulmonary cytokine storm underlying the pathogenic mechanism of severe COVID-19 pneumonia and acute respiratory distress, antiinflammatory agents are being investigated. The benefit of orticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, etc., is limited. Monoclonal antibodies targeting different pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin 6 agent, are being tried with encouraging results. Ultimately a protective vaccine will be the best response for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32451165, "pmcid": "PMC7243757", "title": "Nuclear Medicine in the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol", "authors": ["Conesa, Joan Castell"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451165", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426066, "pmcid": "PMC7229732", "title": "Medical Student Concerns Relating to Neurosurgery Education During COVID-19.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Guadix, Sergio W", "Winston, Graham M", "Chae, John K", "Haghdel, Arsalan", "Chen, Justin", "Younus, Iyan", "Radwanski, Ryan", "Greenfield, Jeffrey P", "Pannullo, Susan C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426066", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created significant obstacles within medical education. For medical students interested in pursuing neurosurgery as a specialty, the educational policies surrounding COVID-19 have resulted in unique challenges. The present study used a nationwide survey to identify the concerns of medical students interested in pursuing neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Students who had previously registered for medical student neurosurgery training camps were sent an online Qualtrics survey requesting them to assess how the COVID-19 pandemic was affecting their neurosurgical education. The Pearson \u03c72 test and post hoc pairwise Fisher exact test were used for analysis of categorical variables, and the 2-tailed paired Student t test was used for continuous variables. The survey was distributed to 852 medical students, with 127 analyzed responses. Concerns regarding conferences and networking opportunities (63%), clinical experience (59%), and board examination scores (42%) were most frequently cited. Of the third-year medical students, 76% reported \u22651 cancelled or postponed neurosurgery rotation. On average, students were more likely to take 1 year off from medical school after than before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, measured from 0 to 100 (25.3 \u00b1 36.0 vs. 39.5 \u00b1 37.5; P\u00a0= 0.004). Virtual mentorship pairing was the highest rated educational intervention suggested by first- and second-year medical students. The third- and fourth-year medical students had cited virtual surgical skills workshops most frequently. The results from the present nationwide survey have highlighted the concerns of medical students regarding their neurosurgery education during the COVID-19 pandemic. With these findings, neurosurgery organizations can consider targeted plans for students of each year to continue their education and development."}, {"pmid": 32241022, "pmcid": "PMC7184332", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 is not detectable in the vaginal fluid of women with severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qiu, Lin", "Liu, Xia", "Xiao, Meng", "Xie, Jing", "Cao, Wei", "Liu, Zhengyin", "Morse, Abraham", "Xie, Yuhua", "Li, Taisheng", "Zhu, Lan"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241022", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) is mainly spread through respiratory droplets or direct contact. But the infection condition of genital system is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate whether or not SARS-CoV-2 is found in the vaginal fluid of women with COVID-19 illness. 10 women with confirmed severe COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to in Tongji Zhongfa Hospital Intensive care union(ICU) ward from Feb 4, 2020 to Feb 24, 2020 were included. Clinical records, laboratory results, and computer tomography(CT)-scan examination were retrospectively reviewed. The evidence of genital infection potential was accessed by testing for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in vaginal fluids obtained from vaginal swab samples. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to confirm the SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaginal fluids. The clinical characteristics of these ten women were similar to those reported severe COVID-19 patients. All ten patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 in vaginal fluid, and all samples tested negative for the virus. Findings from this small group of cases suggest that no SARS-CoV-2 virus existing in the vaginal fluids of severe COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32387029, "pmcid": "PMC7196376", "title": "The Kerala Model of health care delivery and its impact on Oral cancer care during the COVID 19 pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Varghese, Bipin T"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387029", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514316, "pmcid": "PMC7265102", "title": "Ethical Issues in Decision-making Regarding the Elderly Affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Expert Opinion.", "journal": "Eur Cardiol", "authors": ["Martinez-Selles, David", "Martinez-Selles, Helena", "Martinez-Selles, Manuel"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514316", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is resulting in ethical decisions regarding resource allocation. Prioritisation reflects established practices that regulate the distribution of finite resources when demand exceeds supply. However, discrimination based on sex, race or age has no role in prioritisation unless clearly justified. The risk posed by COVID-19 is higher for elderly people than for younger people, so older adults should be prioritised in preventive measures. In the case of people who already have COVID-19, healthcare professionals might prioritise those most likely to survive. Making decisions based on chronological age alone is not justified; in addition to age, other aspects that determine theoretical life expectancy must be taken into account. Individualised correct prioritisation in the allocation of scarce resources is essential to good clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32304110, "title": "Dosing will be a key success factor in repurposing antivirals for COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Smith, Patrick F", "Dodds, Michael", "Bentley, Darren", "Yeo, Karen", "Rayner, Craig"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304110", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380821, "title": "Therapeutic plasma exchange as a rescue therapy in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a case series.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Adeli, Seyed Hasan", "Asghari, Akram", "Tabarraii, Reihane", "Shajari, Rasoul", "Afshari, Sara", "Kalhor, Narges", "Vafaeimanesh, Jamshid"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380821", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223068, "title": "Precautionary measures needed for ophthalmologists during pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Wan, Kelvin H", "Huang, Suber S", "Young, Alvin L", "Lam, Dennis Shun Chiu"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223068", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496625, "title": "Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a reply.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Cook, T M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496625", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523140, "title": "Telemedicine as an instrument for cardiological consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Roldan-Gomez, Francisco J", "Jordan-Rios, Antonio", "Alvarez-Sangabriel, Amada", "Guizar-Sanchez, Carlos", "Perez-de-Isla, Leopoldo", "Lasses-Ojeda, Luis A", "Dominguez-Rivera, David U", "Correa-Carrera, Ramiro P", "Cossio-Aranda, Jorge E"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Telemedicine is an underused instrument along our healthcare systems. It\u00b4s a technological tool that optimizes resources, save money, expands our capacities, decongests our traditional medical services and is an invaluable help for teaching and research. The COVID-19 pandemic is forcing us to expand its use and it gives us the opportunity to design an appropriate implementation."}, {"pmid": 32381262, "pmcid": "PMC7183951", "title": "Patients with arterial hypertension and COVID-19 are at higher risk of ICU admission.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Roncon, Loris", "Zuin, Marco", "Zuliani, Giovanni", "Rigatelli, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381262", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445904, "pmcid": "PMC7239778", "title": "Hyperactive Delirium Requires More Aggressive Management in Patients with COVID-19: Temporarily Rethinking \"Low and Slow\".", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Sanders, Barton J", "Bakar, Melissa", "Mehta, Sonal", "Reid, M Carrington", "Siegler, Eugenia L", "Abrams, Robert C", "Adelman, Ronald D", "Lachs, Mark S"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445904", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513284, "title": "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation programs for COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Li, Chenglong", "Hou, Xiaotong", "Tong, Zhaohui", "Qiu, Haibo", "Li, Yimin", "Li, Ang"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513284", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452905, "pmcid": "PMC7258839", "title": "Emergence from the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Care of Chronic Pain: Guidance for the Interventionalist.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Deer, Timothy", "Sayed, Dawood", "Pope, Jason", "Chakravarthy, Krishnan", "Petersen, Erika", "Moeschler, Susan M", "Abd-Elsayed, Alaa", "Amirdelfan, Kasra", "Mekhail, Nagy"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452905", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic led to a significant disruption in the care of pain from chronic and subacute conditions. The impact of this cessation of pain treatment may have unintended consequences of increased pain, reduced function, increased reliance on opioid medications and potential increased morbidity, due to the systemic impact of untreated disease burden. This may include decreased mobility, reduction in overall health status and increase of opioid use with the associated risks. The article is the work of the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) COVID-19 Task Force to evaluate the policies set forth by federal, state, and local agencies to reduce or eliminate elective procedures for those patients with pain from spine, nerve and joint disease. The impact of these decisions, which were needed to reduce the spread of the pandemic, led to a delay in care for many patients. We hence review an emergence plan to reinitiate this pain-related care. The goal is to outline a path to work with federal, state, and local authorities to combat the spread of the pandemic and minimize the deleterious impact of pain and suffering on our chronic pain patients. The paper sets forth a strategy for the interventional pain centers to reemerge from the current pandemic and to set a course for future events."}, {"pmid": 32401039, "title": "Glycemic control of type 2 diabetic patients with coronavirus disease during hospitalization: a proposal for early insulin therapy.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Nakhleh, Afif", "Shehadeh, Naim"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401039", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432723, "title": "Renin-angiotensin system and SARS-CoV-2 infection: there is a before and after.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Kuster, Gabriela M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432723", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493608, "pmcid": "PMC7254007", "title": "Obesity and risk of COVID-19: analysis of UK biobank.", "journal": "Prim Care Diabetes", "authors": ["Yates, Thomas", "Razieh, Cameron", "Zaccardi, Francesco", "Davies, Melanie J", "Khunti, Kamlesh"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493608", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387790, "pmcid": "PMC7190529", "title": "Does COVID-19 pandemic affect sexual behaviour? A cross-sectional, cross-national online survey.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Arafat, S M Yasir", "Alradie-Mohamed, Angi", "Kar, Sujita Kumar", "Sharma, Pawan", "Kabir, Russell"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387790", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425203, "pmcid": "PMC7230136", "title": "A DEDICATED PATH TO EMERGENT THORACIC SURGERY IN COVID-19 PATIENTS: AN ITALIAN INSTITUTION PROTOCOL.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Vanni, Camilla", "Maurizi, Giulio", "Rocco, Monica", "Rendina, Erino Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425203", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic pointed out that the need to ensure emergent surgery in positive for infection patients is no longer hypothetical. Among emergency procedures, thoracic surgical operations are frequent. A standardized surgical pathway is mandatory in order to achieve effective and safe management of this subset of patients. We briefly present the protocol adopted by our thoracic surgery division."}, {"pmid": 32372812, "pmcid": "PMC7194948", "title": "Australia keeps a lid on covid-19 - for now.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Klein, Alice"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372812", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385225, "pmcid": "PMC7236586", "title": "Current State of Knowledge About SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Disease in Pregnant Women.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Gujski, Mariusz", "Humeniuk, Ewa", "Bojar, Iwona"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385225", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During any epidemic of infectious diseases, pregnant women constitute an extremely sensitive group due to altered physiology and immune functions, and thus altered susceptibility to infection. With regard to the management of pregnant COVID-19 patients, in addition to the treatment of the infection itself, which is not that different from generally accepted principles, it is interesting to consider which obstetric procedures should be used to minimize the adverse effects on mother and child. Questions arise concerning the continuation of pregnancy, how to terminate the pregnancy, the possibility of virus transmission through the placenta, isolation of the newborn after birth, and breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to review the current state of knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease in pregnant women. Because the epidemic began in China, most of the available literature comes from studies conducted there. The studies used to prepare this review article are the first non-randomized studies containing small groups of examined women. They do not provide clear indications, but show that in an epidemic situation, special care should be taken in pregnancy management, making decisions about termination of pregnancy, and handling of the newborn baby to minimize the risk of subsequent health consequences. Further analysis is needed on the incidence of COVID-19 among pregnant women and its consequences. This will allow us to develop recommendations on how to deal with patients in the future in case of repeated epidemic emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32398780, "pmcid": "PMC7216860", "title": "The role of the exposome in promoting resilience or susceptibility after SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol", "authors": ["Naughton, Sean X", "Raval, Urdhva", "Harary, Joyce M", "Pasinetti, Giulio M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398780", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419776, "pmcid": "PMC7224660", "title": "Changing oncology treatment paradigms in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Colorectal Cancer", "authors": ["Lou, Emil", "Subramanian, Subbaya"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419776", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434373, "title": "Urgent Pacemaker Implantation Rates in the Veneto Region of Italy after the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Migliore, Federico", "Zorzi, Alessandro", "Gregori, Dario", "Del Monte, Alvise", "Falzone, Pasquale Valerio", "Verlato, Roberto", "Siciliano, Mariachiara", "Themistoclakis, Sakis", "China, Paolo", "Marchese, Domenico", "Pasquetto, Giampaolo", "Ignatiuk, Barabara", "Cernetti, Carlo", "Giacomin, Enrico", "Calzolari, Vittorio", "Bilato, Claudio", "Dalla Valle, Chiara", "Frigo, Gianfranco Mario", "Marinaccio, Leonardo", "Sacca, Salvatore", "Lupo, Antonio", "Roncon, Loris", "Marcantoni, Lina", "Tosi, Alberto", "Turiano, Giovanni", "Folino, Franco", "Perazzolo Marra, Martina", "Cacciavillani, Luisa", "Iliceto, Sabino"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434373", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32210376, "title": "How to help the free market fight coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Burley, Stephen K"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210376", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360055, "pmcid": "PMC7174166", "title": "Suggestions for the care of patients with liver disease during the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Ganne-Carrie, Nathalie", "Fontaine, Helene", "Dumortier, Jerome", "Boursier, Jerome", "Bureau, Christophe", "Leroy, Vincent", "Bourliere, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360055", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This document, written by the French Association for the Study of the Liver (AFEF) board, aims to provide information to physicians involved in the care of patients with liver disease during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic. These are not based on a systematic review of the literature and a rigorous evaluation using the GRADE method. These are recommendations based on feedback from China available in the form of original articles or letters - for which the scientific evidence is often modest - and the rules put forward by American (1) and European (Boettler et al, 2020) hepatology societies, the French National Digestive Cancer Thesaurus (Di Fiore et al., 2020) and the Francophone Transplantation Society (4). These suggestions require adjustment according to the geographical particularities of the epidemic, available standard procedures and access to local resources. This document will be updated as regularly as possible according to the evolution of our knowledge and characteristics on the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32433301, "pmcid": "PMC7268882", "title": "Comment on \"Beware of Too Aggressive Approach in Children With Acute Abdomen During COVID-19 Outbreak!\"", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Calinescu, Ana M", "Vidal, Isabelle", "Grazioli, Serge", "Lacroix, Laurence", "Wildhaber, Barbara E"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433301", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421281, "title": "Is there relationship between SARS-CoV 2 and the complement C3 and C4?", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Dheir, Hamad", "Sipahi, Savas", "Yaylaci, Selcuk", "Koroglu, Mehmet", "Erdem, Ali Fuat", "Karabay, Oguz"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421281", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. There remain a considerable number of questions that need to be answered to be able to understand this virus. Herein, we evaluated whether there is a relationship between covid-19 and complement 3 and complement 4 levels."}, {"pmid": 32338787, "pmcid": "PMC7267430", "title": "Coronavirus, Ageism, and Twitter: An Evaluation of Tweets about Older Adults and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Jimenez-Sotomayor, Maria Renee", "Gomez-Moreno, Carolina", "Soto-Perez-de-Celis, Enrique"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338787", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. High morbidity and mortality rates of COVID-19 have been observed among older adults and widely reported in both mainstream and social media. The objective of this study was to analyze tweets related to COVID-19 and older adults, and to identify ageist content. We obtained a representative sample of original tweets containing the keywords \"elderly,\" \"older,\" and/or \"boomer\" plus the hashtags \"#COVID19\" and/or \"#coronavirus.\" Tweets posted between March 12 and March 21, 2020. We identified the type of user and number of followers for each account. Tweets were classified by three raters as (1) informative, (2) personal accounts, (3) personal opinions, (4) advice seeking, (5) jokes, and (6) miscellaneous. Potentially offensive content, as well as that downplaying the severity of COVID-19 because it mostly affects older adults, was identified. A total of 18,128 tweets were obtained, of which a random sample of 351 was analyzed. Most accounts (91.7%) belonged to individuals. The most common types of tweets were personal opinions (31.9%), followed by informative tweets (29.6%), jokes/ridicule (14.3%), and personal accounts (13.4%). Overall, 72 tweets (21.9%) likely intended to ridicule or offend someone and 21.1% had content implying that the life of older adults was less valuable or downplayed the relevance of COVID-19. Most tweets related to COVID-19 and older adults contained personal opinions, personal accounts, and jokes. Almost one-quarter of analyzed tweets had ageist or potentially offensive content toward older adults."}, {"pmid": 32292590, "pmcid": "PMC7152908", "title": "All about COVID-19 in brief.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["NaserGhandi, Alvand", "Allameh, Seyed Farshad", "Saffarpour, Reyhaneh"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292590", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458598, "title": "[Management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): experiences from imported malaria control in China].", "journal": "Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, Y B", "Cao, J"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458598", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the local transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been effectively contained in China; however, the epidemic situation of this highly infectious disease is more and more serious outside of China. Importation of COVID-19 cases from other countries and territories is therefore becoming a new challenge for the control of COVID-19 in China. Malaria was once widely epidemic in China. Nevertheless, the local transmission of this parasitic disease has been interrupted in China since the launch of the national malaria elimination programme in 2010, and great successes have been achieved in the management of appropriately 3 thousand malaria cases imported from other countries and territories annually. Hereby, the epidemiological characteristics and current epidemic situation of COVID-19 in China were analyzed and compared with malaria. Based on the successful experiences from the management of overseas imported malaria in China, the strategy and countermeasures for COVID-19 control were proposed, so as to provide insights into the response to the importation of COVID-19 from other countries and territories and the consolidation of the control achievements in China."}, {"pmid": 32517970, "title": "Initial data from an experiment to implement a safe procedure to perform PA erect chest radiographs for COVID-19 patients with a mobile radiographic system in a \"clean\" zone of the hospital ward.", "journal": "Radiography (Lond)", "authors": ["Sng, L H", "Arlany, L", "Toh, L C", "Loo, T Y", "Ilzam, N S", "Wong, B S S", "Lanca, L"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517970", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the current Covid-19 pandemic, general wards have been converted into cohort wards for Covid-19 patients who are stable and ambulant. A 2-radiographer mobile radiography team is required to perform bedside Chest X-rays (CXR) for these patients. Hospital guidelines require both radiographers to be in full Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) throughout the image acquisition process and the mobile radiographic unit needs to be disinfected twice after each case. This affects the efficiency of the procedure and an increase usage of limited PPE resources. This study aims to explore the feasibility of performing mobile chest radiography with the mobile radiographic unit in a \"clean\" zone of the hospital ward. An anthropomorphic body phantom was used during the test. With the mobile radiographic unit placed in a \"clean\" zone, the phantom and the mobile radiographic unit was segregated by the room door with a clear glass panel. The test was carried out with the room door open and closed. Integrated radiation level and patient dose were measured. A consultant radiologist was invited to review and score all the images acquired using a Barco Medical Grade workstation. The Absolute Visual Grading Analysis (VGA) scoring system was used to score these images. A VGA score of 4 was given to all the 40 test images, suggesting that there is no significant differences in the image quality of the images acquired using the 2 different methods. Radiation exposure received by the patient at the highest kV setting through the glass is comparable to the regular CXR on patient without glass panel at 90\u00a0kV, suggesting that there is no significant increase in patient dose. The result suggests that acquiring CXR with the X-ray beam attenuating through a glass panel is a safe and feasible way of performing CXR for COVID-19 patients in the newly converted COVID wards. This will allow the mobile radiographic unit as well as one radiographer to be completely segregated from the patient. This new method of acquiring CXR in an isolation facility set up requires a 2-Radiographer mobile radiography team, and is applicable only for patients who are generally well and not presented with any mobility issues. It is also important to note that a clear glass panel must be present in the barriers set up for segregation between the \"clean\" zone and patient zone in order to use this new method of acquiring CXR."}, {"pmid": 32298228, "title": "Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Secreting Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia Complicating COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Duployez, Claire", "Le Guern, Remi", "Tinez, Claire", "Lejeune, Anne-Laure", "Robriquet, Laurent", "Six, Sophie", "Loiez, Caroline", "Wallet, Frederic"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298228", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Necrotizing pneumonia induced by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-secreting Staphylococcus aureus is a rare but life-threatening infection that has been described in patients after they had influenza. We report a fatal case of this superinfection in a young adult who had coronavirus disease."}, {"pmid": 32493741, "title": "Understanding heterogeneity to inform the public health response to COVID-19 in Canada.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Mishra, Sharmistha", "Kwong, Jeffrey C", "Chan, Adrienne K", "Baral, Stefan D"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493741", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291122, "pmcid": "PMC7151400", "title": "COVID-19: A case series to support radiographer preliminary clinical evaluation.", "journal": "Radiography (Lond)", "authors": ["Woznitza, N", "Nair, A", "Hare, S S"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291122", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343429, "pmcid": "PMC7267383", "title": "Elevated interleukin-6 and severe COVID-19: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Aziz, Muhammad", "Fatima, Rawish", "Assaly, Ragheb"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343429", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305080, "pmcid": "PMC7162627", "title": "COVID-19 in the USA: a question of time.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305080", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32477618, "pmcid": "PMC7245343", "title": "Guidance for Remote Reporting of Digital Pathology Slides During Periods of Exceptional Service Pressure: An Emergency Response from the UK Royal College of Pathologists.", "journal": "J Pathol Inform", "authors": ["Williams, Bethany Jill", "Brettle, David", "Aslam, Muhammad", "Barrett, Paul", "Bryson, Gareth", "Cross, Simon", "Snead, David", "Verrill, Clare", "Clarke, Emily", "Wright, Alexander", "Treanor, Darren"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32477618", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pathology departments must rise to new staffing challenges caused by the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic and may need to work more flexibly for the foreseeable future. In light of this, many pathologists and departments are considering the merits of remote or home reporting of digital cases. While some individuals have experience of this, little work has been done to determine optimum conditions for home reporting, including technical and training considerations. In this publication produced in response to the pandemic, we provide information regarding risk assessment of home reporting of digital slides, summarize available information on specifications for home reporting computing equipment, and share access to a novel point-of-use quality assurance tool for assessing the suitability of home reporting screens for digital slide diagnosis. We hope this study provides a useful starting point and some practical guidance in a difficult time. This study forms the basis of the guidance issued by the Royal College of Pathologists, available at: https://www.rcpath.org/uploads/assets/626ead77-d7dd-42e1-949988e43dc84c97/RCPath-guidance-for-remote-digital-pathology.pdf."}, {"pmid": 32505464, "title": "Am I a Coronavirus?", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Smith, Kelly D", "Akilesh, Shreeram", "Alpers, Charles E", "Nicosia, Roberto F"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505464", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295324, "title": "[Screening for novel coronavirus related conjunctivitis among the patients with corona virus disease-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Lan, Q Q", "Zeng, S M", "Liao, X", "Xu, F", "Qi, H", "Li, M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295324", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: Screening for novel coronavirus related conjunctivitis among the patients with coronavirus disease-19. Methods: Prospective series case study. Eighty-one patients diagnosed as coronavirus disease-19 in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Hospital were enrolled with ophthalmological consultation screening for novel coronavirus related conjunctivitis, including the inquiring of eye symptoms and checking for conjunctivitis-related signs. Conjunctival swab novel coronavirus nucleic acid test was performed on patients with clinical manifestation of conjunctivitis. Results: Only 3 of the 81 patients (3.70%) complained of eye discomfort, which appeared on the day 16.67\u00b19.29 after the diagnosis of coronavirus disease-19. The eye signs did not meet the characteristics of viral conjunctivitis. Bilateral conjunctival swab novel coronavirus nucleic acid tests were negative. There was no evidence to support the diagnosis of novel coronavirus related conjunctivitis. Screening of clinical symptoms and signs of conjunctivitis in the remaining 78 patients showed no significant abnormalities. Conclusions: There wasn't any novel coronavirus related conjunctivitis in 81 patients with coronavirus disease-19.(Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56:)."}, {"pmid": 32459571, "title": "Unmet healthcare needs among migrants without medical insurance in Montreal, Canada.", "journal": "Glob Public Health", "authors": ["Ridde, Valery", "Aho, Josephine", "Ndao, Elhadji Malick", "Benoit, Magalie", "Hanley, Jill", "Lagrange, Solene", "Fillol, Amandine", "Raynault, Marie-France", "Cloos, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459571", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While access to healthcare for permanent residents in Canada is well known, this is not the case for migrants without healthcare coverage. This is the first large-scale study that examines the unmet healthcare needs of migrants without healthcare coverage in Montreal. 806 participants were recruited: 436 in the community and 370 at the NGO clinic. Proportions of individuals reporting unmet healthcare needs were similar (68.4% vs. 69.8%). The main reason invoked for these unmet needs was lacking money (80.6%). Situations of not working or studying, not having had enough food in the past 12 months, not having a medical prescription to get medication and having had a workplace injury were all significantly associated with higher odds of having unmet healthcare needs. Unmet healthcare needs were more frequent among migrants without healthcare coverage than among recent immigrants or the citizens with health healthcare coverage (69%, 26%, 16%). Canada must take measures to enable these individuals to have access to healthcare according to their needs in order to reduce the risk of worsening their health status, something that may have an impact on the healthcare system and population health. The Government of Quebec announced that all individuals without any healthcare coverage will have access to COVID-19 related health care. We hope that this right, the application of which is not yet obvious, can continue after the pandemic for all health care."}, {"pmid": 32360022, "title": "Contingency Plan for the Intensive Care Services for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Enferm Intensiva", "authors": ["Sedes, P Rascado", "Sanz, M A Ballesteros", "Saera, M A Bodi", "RodriguezRey, L F Carrasco", "Ortega, A Castellanos", "Gonzalez, M Catalan", "Lopez, C de Haro", "Santos, E Diaz", "Barcena, A Escriba", "Mera, M J Frade", "Cano, J C Igeno", "Delgado, M C Martin", "Estalella, G Martinez", "Raimondi, N", "Gas, O Roca I", "Oviedo, A Rodriguez", "Pio, E Romero San", "Alvarez, J Trenado", "Raurell, M"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360022", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified a new virus of the Coronaviridae family as the cause of several cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. The outbreak was initially confined to Wuhan City, but then spread outside Chinese borders. On 31 January 2020, the first case was declared in Spain. On 11 March 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. On 16 March 2020, there were 139 countries affected. In this situation, the Scientific Societies SEMICYUC and SEEIUC, have decided to draw up this Contingency Plan to guide the response of the Intensive Care Services. The objectives of this plan are to estimate the magnitude of the problem and identify the necessary human and material resources. This is to provide the Spanish Intensive Medicine Services with a tool to programme optimal response strategies."}, {"pmid": 32307265, "pmcid": "PMC7144608", "title": "French consensus regarding precautions during tracheostomy and post-tracheostomy care in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Schultz, P", "Morvan, J-B", "Fakhry, N", "Moriniere, S", "Vergez, S", "Lacroix, C", "Bartier, S", "Barry, B", "Babin, E", "Couloigner, V", "Atallah, I"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307265", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tracheostomy post-tracheostomy care are regarded as at high risk for contamination of health care professionals with the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Considering the rapid spread of the infection, all patients in France must be considered as potentially infected by the virus. Nevertheless, patients without clinical or radiological (CT scan) markers of COVID-19, and with negative nasopharyngeal sample within 24h of surgery, are at low risk of being infected. Instructions for personal protection include specific wound dressings and decontamination of all material used. The operating room should be ventilated after each tracheostomy and the pressure of the room should be neutral or negative. Percutaneous tracheostomy is to be preferred over surgical cervicotomy in order to reduce aerosolization and to avoid moving patients from the intensive care unit to the operating room. Ventilation must be optimized during the procedure, to limit patient oxygen desaturation. Drug assisted neuromuscular blockage is advised to reduce coughing during tracheostomy tube insertion. An experienced team is mandatory to secure and accelerate the procedure as well as to reduce risk of contamination."}, {"pmid": 32253325, "pmcid": "PMC7140931", "title": "Journal Flexibility in the Troubling Times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Plant Physiol", "authors": ["Meyers, Blake", "Baxter, Ivan", "Blatt, Mike", "Sweetlove, Lee", "Daniell, Henry", "Lunn, John", "Taylor, Crispin", "Winchester, Nancy"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253325", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320091, "pmcid": "PMC7264567", "title": "Dermatologists and SARS-CoV-2: The impact of the pandemic on daily practice.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Gisondi, P", "Piaserico, S", "Conti, A", "Naldi, L"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320091", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first case of \"pneumonia of unknown aetiology\" was diagnosed at the Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital in China on 30 December 2019, what was recognised thereafter as \"severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\" (SARS-CoV-2) has spread over the four continents, causing the respiratory manifestations of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID- 19) and satisfying the epidemiological criteria for a label of \"pandemic.\" The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is having a huge impact on dermatological practice including the marked reduction of face-to-face consultations in favour of teledermatology, the uncertainties concerning the outcome of COVID-19 infection in patients with common inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis receiving immunosuppressive/immunomodulating systemic therapies; the direct involvement of dermatologists in COVID-19 care for patients assistance and new research needs to be addressed. It is not known yet, if skin lesions and derangement of the skin barrier could make it easier for SARS-CoV-2 to transmit via indirect contact; it remains to be defined if specific mucosal or skin lesions are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, although some unpublished observations indicate the occurrence of a transient varicelliform exanthema during the early phase of the infection. SARS-CoV-2 is a new pathogen for humans that is highly contagious, can spread quickly, and is capable of causing enormous health, economic and societal impacts in any setting. The consequences may continue long after the pandemic resolves, and new management modalities for dermatology may originate from the COVID-19 disaster. Learning from experience may help to cope with future major societal changes."}, {"pmid": 32321000, "pmcid": "PMC7179993", "title": "The new coronavirus and the risk to children's health.", "journal": "Rev Lat Am Enfermagem", "authors": ["Vilelas, Jose Manuel da Silva"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321000", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259480, "pmcid": "PMC7136867", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Status Report.", "journal": "Immunity", "authors": ["Amanat, Fatima", "Krammer, Florian"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259480", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, first emerged in late 2019 in China. It has since infected more than 870,000 individuals and caused more than 43,000 deaths globally. Here, we discuss therapeutic and prophylactic interventions for SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on vaccine development and its challenges. Vaccines are being rapidly developed but will likely come too late to affect the first wave of a potential pandemic. Nevertheless, critical lessons can be learned for the development of vaccines against rapidly emerging viruses. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will be essential to reducing morbidity and mortality if the virus establishes itself in the population."}, {"pmid": 32496207, "title": "Development of openEHR template for Coronavirus disease 2019 based on clinical guidelines.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Li, Mengyang", "Leslie, Heather", "Qi, Bin", "Nan, Shan", "Feng, HongShuo", "Cai, Hailing", "Lu, Xudong", "Duan, Huilong"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496207", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was discovered in China in December 2019. It has developed into a threatening international public health emergency. With the exception of China, the number of cases continues to increase worldwide. A number of studies about disease diagnosis and treatment have been carried out, and many clinically proven effective results have been achieved. Although information technology can improve the transferring of such knowledge to clinical practice rapidly, data interoperability is still a challenge due to the heterogeneous nature of hospital information systems. This issue becomes even more serious if the knowledge for diagnosis and treatment is updated rapidly as is the case for COVID-19. An open, semantic-sharing, and collaborative-information modeling framework is needed to rapidly develop a shared data model for exchanging data among systems. openEHR is such a framework and is supported by many open software packages that help to promote information sharing and interoperability. This study aims to develop a shared data model based on the openEHR modeling approach to improve the interoperability among systems for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. The latest Guideline of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment in China was selected as the knowledge source for modeling. First, the guideline was analyzed and the data items used for diagnosis and treatment, and management were extracted. Second, the data items were classified and further organized into domain concepts with a mind map. Third, searching was executed in the international openEHR Clinical Knowledge Manager (CKM) to find the existing archetypes that could represent the concepts. New archetypes were developed for those concepts that could not be found. Fourth, these archetypes were further organized into a template using Ocean Template Editor. Fifth, a test case of data exchanging between the clinical data repository and clinical decision support system based on the template was conducted to verify the feasibility of the study. A total of 203 data items were extracted from the guideline in China, and 16 domain concepts (16 leaf nodes in the mind map) were organized. There were 22 archetypes used to develop the template for all data items extracted from the guideline. All of them could be found in the CKM and reused directly. The archetypes and templates were reviewed and finally released in a public project within the CKM. The test case showed that the template can facilitate the data exchange and meet the requirements of decision support. This study has developed the openEHR template for COVID-19 based on the latest guideline from China using openEHR modeling methodology. It represented the capability of the methodology for rapidly modeling and sharing knowledge through reusing the existing archetypes, which is especially useful in a new and fast-changing area such as with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32473952, "pmcid": "PMC7237903", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: The viral shedding vs infectivity dilemma.", "journal": "Infect Dis Health", "authors": ["Widders, Arabella", "Broom, Alex", "Broom, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473952", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected over four million people worldwide. There are multiple reports of prolonged viral shedding in people infected with SARS-CoV-2 but the presence of viral RNA on a test does not necessarily correlate with infectivity. The duration of quarantine required after clinical recovery to definitively prevent transmission is therefore uncertain. In addition, asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmission may occur, and infectivity may be highest early after onset of symptoms, meaning that contact tracing, isolation of exposed individuals and social distancing are essential public health measures to prevent further spread. This review aimed to summarise the evidence around viral shedding vs infectivity of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32499970, "pmcid": "PMC7265762", "title": "Psychological and Behavioral Response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Balkhi, Fizra", "Nasir, Aamna", "Zehra, Arhama", "Riaz, Ramsha"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499970", "countries": ["China", "Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background The outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, which began in December 2019, evolved to become a global pandemic. The pandemic, along with the obvious health-related impact, also poses a serious threat to the psychological well-being of individuals and has resulted in significant behavioral changes. We aimed to describe the psycho-behavioral response to this crisis among the population of Karachi, Pakistan, in the month of March 2020. Methods A structured, self-administered questionnaire was constructed, based on previously conducted surveys, assessing the psychological impact and behavioral changes pertaining to COVID-19. Questionnaires were made available online, and were administered to any individual who was a resident of Karachi, during March 2020. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) to identify possible risk factors for psychological and behavioral changes. The responses were compared based on gender, age, and level of education, to find possible statistical correlations using chi-square test. Results This research studied data from 400 participants residing in Karachi, Pakistan. The spread of the virus had resulted in subsequent development of fears in the target population,\u00a0with the majority of the respondents feeling anxious on a daily basis (62.5%). The participants feared going to marketplaces (88.8%), were concerned for the health of their family members (94.5%), and felt under-confident with the current infection control measures (71%). Significantly elevated levels of fear were noted among people >35 years of age. They were more likely to fear for the safety of their health even at home (p=0.06). Meanwhile, increased\u00a0levels of anxiety due to use of social media among people below 35 years had resulted in avoidance behaviors (p=0.04). There was a higher tendency for graduates to fear for the safety of their health, even at home (p<0.01).\u00a0In addition, more than three-fourths of our participants had incorporated changes in their behavior to ensure their safety i.e. reduced physical contact (86.5%) and visits to healthcare facilities (74.5%), canceled plans (84.5%), and washing hands more often (87%). Conclusion\u00a0 Our study highlighted the increased anxiety levels that an individual experienced on a regular basis regarding their health, the health of their peers, certain avoidance behaviors as a result of the disease, and behavioral changes of the concerned population. Besides calling attention to this worrisome situation, we also tried to list possible solutions to avert any future distress that may ensue as a result. Hopefully, our study will help the concerned authorities to take measures in order to alleviate the psychological and behavioral impact of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32345862, "pmcid": "PMC7228030", "title": "Preparing for the aftermath of COVID-19: important considerations for healthcare providers and hospital administrators.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Holthof, Niels"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345862", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467492, "title": "COVID-19 Guide for the Rehabilitation Clinician: A Review of Non-Pulmonary Manifestations and Complications.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Lopez, Marielisa", "Bell, Kathleen", "Annaswamy, Thiru", "Juengst, Shannon", "Ifejika, Nneka"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467492", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - also known as COVID-19 - is primarily known for respiratory illness. While it is clear that patients with moderate to severe cases of COVID-19 will require pulmonary rehabilitation, physiatrists will need to consider effective management plans for COVID-19 survivors with extra-pulmonary involvement. This report will summarize key non-pulmonary considerations to guide rehabilitation clinicians who may be involved in the care of COVID-19 survivors with the best available early evidence."}, {"pmid": 32455617, "title": "Novel Dynamic Structures of 2019-nCoV with Nonlocal Operator via Powerful Computational Technique.", "journal": "Biology (Basel)", "authors": ["Gao, Wei", "Veeresha, P", "Prakasha, D G", "Baskonus, Haci Mehmet"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455617", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, we investigate the infection system of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) with a nonlocal operator defined in the Caputo sense. With the help of the fractional natural decomposition method (FNDM), which is based on the Adomian decomposition and natural transform methods, numerical results were obtained to better understand the dynamical structures of the physical behavior of 2019-nCoV. Such behaviors observe the general properties of the mathematical model of 2019-nCoV. This mathematical model is composed of data reported from the city of Wuhan, China."}, {"pmid": 32407043, "title": "Rapid Expert Consultations on the COVID-19 Pandemic: March 14, 2020-April 8, 2020", "journal": "Rapid Expert Consultations on the COVID-19 Pandemic: March 14, 2020-April 8, 2020", "date": "2020-05-15T11:01:00Z", "_id": "32407043", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32423359, "title": "Subjective Changes in Smell and Taste During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey-Preliminary Results.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Coelho, Daniel H", "Kons, Zachary A", "Costanzo, Richard M", "Reiter, Evan R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423359", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, many individuals have noted acute loss of smell and/or taste, although not all patients with these symptoms are tested for COVID-19. To better characterize all patients with these rare symptoms, a national survey was created. Over 13 days in April 2020, a total of 220 people completed the survey in its entirety, representing a wide geographic distribution across the United States. Of the 220 respondents, 93 (42%) were diagnosed with COVID-19, and 127 (58%) were not. A total of 37.7% of respondents reported changes in smell/taste as the initial or sole presentation of their condition. Most but not all patients had other symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 at the time of chemosensory loss. Despite its inclusion as a major symptom of COVID-19 by the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), respondents with additional CDC-defined symptoms associated with COVID-19 were statistically more likely to be tested/diagnosed than those without."}, {"pmid": 32514104, "title": "Brain oxytocin: how puzzle stones from animal studies translate into psychiatry.", "journal": "Mol Psychiatry", "authors": ["Grinevich, Valery", "Neumann, Inga D"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514104", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The neuropeptide oxytocin has attracted great attention of the general public, basic neuroscience researchers, psychologists, and psychiatrists due to its profound pro-social, anxiolytic, and \"anti-stress\" behavioral and physiological effects, and its potential application for treatment of mental diseases associated with altered socio-emotional competence. During the last decade, substantial progress has been achieved in understanding the complex neurobiology of the oxytocin system, including oxytocinergic pathways, local release patterns, and oxytocin receptor distribution in the brain, as well as intraneuronal oxytocin receptor signaling. However, the picture of oxytocin actions remains far from being complete, and the central question remains: \"How does a single neuropeptide exert such pleotropic actions?\" Although this phenomenon, typical for many of about 100 identified neuropeptides, may emerge from the anatomical divergence of oxytocin neurons, their multiple central projections, distinct oxytocin-sensitive cell types in different brain regions, and multiple intraneuronal signaling pathways determining the specific cellular response, further basic studies are required. In conjunction, numerous reports on positive effects of intranasal application of oxytocin on human brain networks controlling socio-emotional behavior in health and disease require harmonic tandems of basic researchers and clinicians. During the COVID-19 crisis\u00a0in 2020, oxytocin research seems central as question of social isolation-induced inactivation of the oxytocin system, and buffering effects of either activation of the endogenous system or intranasal application of synthetic oxytocin need to be thoroughly investigated."}, {"pmid": 32467190, "title": "COVID-19-Associated Miller Fisher Syndrome: MRI Findings.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Lantos, J E", "Strauss, S B", "Lin, E"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467190", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Miller Fisher syndrome, also known as Miller Fisher variant of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome, is an acute peripheral neuropathy that can develop after exposure to various viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. It is characterized by a triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. Miller Fisher syndrome has recently been described in the clinical setting of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) without accompanying imaging. In this case, we report the first presumptive case of COVID-19-associated Miller Fisher syndrome with MR imaging findings."}, {"pmid": 32477021, "pmcid": "PMC7232897", "title": "Lifestyle at Time of COVID-19: How Could Quarantine Affect Cardiovascular Risk.", "journal": "Am J Lifestyle Med", "authors": ["Mattioli, Anna Vittoria", "Ballerini Puviani, Matteo"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32477021", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is causing a global pandemic with a high number of deaths and infected people. To contain the diffusion of COVID-19 virus, governments have enforced restrictions on outdoor activities or even collective quarantine on the population. Quarantine carries some long-term effects on cardiovascular disease, mainly related to unhealthy lifestyle and anxiety."}, {"pmid": 32443942, "title": "Personal Experiences With Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Diabetes: The Time for Telemedicine is Now.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Mader, Julia K"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379307, "title": "Statin therapy and SAR-COV-2: an available and potential therapy?", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Abdel-Latif, Rania G", "Mohammed, Shaban", "Elgendy, Islam Y"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379307", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530505, "title": "Environmental and Decontamination Issues for Human Coronaviruses and Their Potential Surrogates.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cimolai, Nevio"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530505", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pandemic COVID-19 gives ample reason to generally review coronavirus (CoV) containment. For establishing some preliminary views on decontamination and disinfection, surrogate CoVs have commonly been assessed. This review serves to examine the existing science in regards to CoV containment generically and then to translate these findings into timely applications for COVID-19. There is widespread dissemination of CoVs in the immediate patient environment, and CoVs can potentially be spread via respiratory secretions, urine, and stool. Interpretations of the spread however must consider whether studies examine for viral RNA, virus viability by culture, or both. Pre-symptomatic, asymptomatic, and post-fourteen day virus excretion from patients may complicate the epidemiology. Whereas droplet spread is accepted, there continues to be controversy over the extent of possible airborne spread and especially now for SARS-CoV-2. CoVs are stable in body secretions and sewage at reduced temperatures. In addition to temperature, dryness or relative humidity, initial viral burden, concomitant presence of bioburden, and the type of surface can all affect stability. Generalizing, CoVs can be susceptible to radiation, temperature extremes, pH extremes, peroxides, halogens, aldehydes, many solvents, and several alcohols. Whereas detergent surfactants can have some direct activity, these agents are better used as complements to a complex disinfectant solution. Disinfectants with multiple agents and adverse pH are more likely to be best active at higher water temperatures. Real-life assessments should be encouraged with working dilutions. The use of decontamination and disinfection should be balanced with considerations of patient and caregiver safety. Processes should also be balanced with considerations for other potential pathogens that must be targeted. Given some CoV differences and given that surrogate testing provides experimental correlates at best, direct assessments with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 are required. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32277773, "pmcid": "PMC7262298", "title": "An Emergency Amendment to the National Scope of Practice for Paramedics in the Setting of a Global Pandemic.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Boehronger, Brad", "O'Meara, Peter", "Wingrove, Gary", "Nudell, Nikiah G"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277773", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292898, "pmcid": "PMC7129293", "title": "Facemask shortage and the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: Reflections on public health measures.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Wu, Huai-Liang", "Huang, Jian", "Zhang, Casper J P", "He, Zonglin", "Ming, Wai-Kit"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292898", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak due to the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection occurred in China in late December 2019. Facemask wearing with proper hand hygiene is considered an effective measure to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but facemask wearing has become a social concern due to the global facemask shortage. China is the major facemask producer in the world, contributing to 50% of global production. However, a universal facemask wearing policy would put an enormous burden on the facemask supply. We performed a policy review concerning facemasks using government websites and mathematical modelling shortage analyses based on data obtained from the National Health Commission (NHC), the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and General Administration of Customs (GAC) of the People's Republic of China. Three scenarios with respect to wearing facemasks were considered: (1) a universal facemask wearing policy implementation in all regions of mainland China; (2) a universal facemask wearing policy implementation only in the epicentre (Hubei province, China); and (3) no implementation of a universal facemask wearing policy. Regardless of different universal facemask wearing policy scenarios, facemask shortage would occur but eventually end during our prediction period (from 20 Jan 2020 to 30 Jun 2020). The duration of the facemask shortage described in the scenarios of a country-wide universal facemask wearing policy, a universal facemask wearing policy in the epicentre, and no universal facemask wearing policy were 132, seven, and four days, respectively. During the prediction period, the largest daily facemask shortages were predicted to be 589\u00b75, 49\u00b73, and 37\u00b75 million in each of the three scenarios, respectively. In any scenario, an N95 mask shortage was predicted to occur on 24 January 2020 with a daily facemask shortage of 2\u00b72 million. Implementing a universal facemask wearing policy in the whole of China could lead to severe facemask shortage. Without effective public communication, a universal facemask wearing policy could result in societal panic and subsequently, increase the nationwide and worldwide demand for facemasks. These increased demands could cause a facemask shortage for healthcare workers and reduce the effectiveness of outbreak control in the affected regions, eventually leading to a pandemic. To fight novel infectious disease outbreaks, such as COVID-19, governments should monitor domestic facemask supplies and give priority to healthcare workers. The risk of asymptomatic transmission and facemask shortages should be carefully evaluated before introducing a universal facemask wearing policy in high-risk regions. Public health measures aimed at improving hand hygiene and effective public communication should be considered along with the facemask policy."}, {"pmid": 32295786, "title": "Festina lente: hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19 and the role of the rheumatologist.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Graef, Elizabeth R", "Liew, Jean W", "Putman, Michael S", "Simard, Julia F", "Sirotich, Emily", "Berenbaum, Francis", "Duarte-Garcia, Ali", "Grainger, Rebecca", "Harrison, Carly", "Konig, Maximilian F", "Korsten, Peter", "Proulx, Laurie", "Richards, Dawn P", "Robinson, Philip C", "Sattui, Sebastian E", "Ugarte-Gil, Manuel Francisco", "Young, Kristen J", "Kim, Alfred Hj", "Sparks, Jeffrey A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295786", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293580, "pmcid": "PMC7187765", "title": "Global Reach of an Online COVID-19 Course in Multiple Languages on OpenWHO in the First Quarter of 2020: Analysis of Platform Use Data.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Utunen, Heini", "Ndiaye, Ngouille", "Piroux, Corentin", "George, Richelle", "Attias, Melissa", "Gamhewage, Gaya"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293580", "countries": ["Colombia", "Peru", "India", "Chile", "Spain", "Mexico", "United Kingdom", "Argentina", "United States", "Ecuador"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the onset of the coronavirus outbreak, the World Health Organization's (WHO) Health Emergencies Learning and Capacity Development Unit, together with the WHO's health technical lead on coronaviruses, developed a massive open online course within 3 weeks as part of the global response to the emergency. The introductory coronavirus disease (COVID\u201119) course was launched on January 26, 2020, on the health emergencies learning platform OpenWHO.org. The aim of this paper is to investigate the geographic reach of different language courses accessed by a worldwide audience seeking information on COVID-19. Users' professional identities and backgrounds were explored to inform course owners on the use case. The course was developed and delivered via the open-access learning platform OpenWHO.org. The self-paced resources are available in a total of 13 languages and were produced between January 26 and March 25, 2020. Data were collected from the online courses' statistical data and metrics reporting system on the OpenWHO platform. User patterns and locations were analyzed based on Google Analytics and the platform's own statistics capabilities, and data sets were overlaid. This analysis was conducted based on user location, with the data disaggregated according to the six WHO regions, the top 10 countries, and the proportion of use for each language version. Data included affiliation, gender, age, and other parameters for 32.43% (52,214/161,007) of the users who indicated their background. As of March 25, 2020, the introductory COVID-19 course totaled 232,890 enrollments across all languages. The Spanish language course was comprised of more than half (n=118,754, 50.99%) of all course enrollments, and the English language course was comprised of 38.21% (n=88,988) of enrollments. The WHO's Region of the Americas accounted for most of the course enrollments, with more than 72.47% (138,503/191,130) enrollment across all languages. Other regions were more evenly distributed with less than 10% enrollment for each. A total of 32.43% (52,214/161,007) of users specified a professional affiliation by choosing from the 12 most common backgrounds in the OpenWHO user profiles. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, users were spread over the 11 distinct affiliations, with a small fraction of users identifying themselves as \"Other.\" With the COVID-19 introductory course, the largest number of users selected \"Other\" (16,527/52,214, 31.65%), suggesting a large number of users who were not health professionals or academics. The top 10 countries with the most users across all languages were Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, India, Mexico, Peru, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The online course has addressed a worldwide learning need by providing WHO's technical guidance packaged in simple formats for access and use. The learning material development was expedited to meet the onset of the epidemic. Initial data suggest that the various language versions of the course, in particular Spanish, have reached new user groups, fulfilling the platform's aim of providing learning everywhere to anyone that is interested. User surveys will be carried out to measure the real impact."}, {"pmid": 32478623, "title": "Will COVID-19 change neurosurgical clinical practice?", "journal": "Br J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Montemurro, Nicola", "Perrini, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217506, "pmcid": "PMC7104707", "title": "The Role of the Global Health Development/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network and the Eastern Mediterranean Field Epidemiology Training Programs in Preparedness for COVID-19.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Al Nsour, Mohannad", "Bashier, Haitham", "Al Serouri, Abulwahed", "Malik, Elfatih", "Khader, Yousef", "Saeed, Khwaja", "Ikram, Aamer", "Abdalla, Abdalla Mohammed", "Belalia, Abdelmounim", "Assarag, Bouchra", "Baig, Mirza Amir", "Almudarra, Sami", "Arqoub, Kamal", "Osman, Shahd", "Abu-Khader, Ilham", "Shalabi, Dana", "Majeed, Yasir"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217506", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the current COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020. Countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) have a high vulnerability and variable capacity to respond to outbreaks. Many of these countries addressed the need for increasing capacity in the areas of surveillance and rapid response to public health threats. Moreover, countries addressed the need for communication strategies that direct the public to actions for self- and community protection. This viewpoint article aims to highlight the contribution of the Global Health Development (GHD)/Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET) and the EMR's Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETPs) to prepare for and respond to the current COVID-19 threat. GHD/EMPHNET has the scientific expertise to contribute to elevating the level of country alert and preparedness in the EMR and to provide technical support through health promotion, training and training materials, guidelines, coordination, and communication. The FETPs are currently actively participating in surveillance and screening at the ports of entry, development of communication materials and guidelines, and sharing information to health professionals and the public. However, some countries remain ill-equipped, have poor diagnostic capacity, and are in need of further capacity development in response to public health threats. It is essential that GHD/EMPHNET and FETPs continue building the capacity to respond to COVID-19 and intensify support for preparedness and response to public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32450752, "title": "The Impact of the Pandemic on Otolaryngology Patients With Negative COVID-19 Status: Commentary and Insights From Orbital Emergencies.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Fastenberg, Judd H", "Bottalico, Danielle", "Kennedy, William A", "Sheikh, Ahmed", "Setzen, Michael", "Rodgers, Rand"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Efforts aimed at minimizing the spread of COVID-19 and \"flattening the curve\" may be affecting clinical care delivery for non-COVID-19 cases that include otolaryngologic and orbital conditions. We are witnessing changes in the manner that patients present, as well as modifications in clinical management strategies. An improved understanding of these phenomena and the contributing factors is essential for otolaryngologists to provide sound clinical care during this unprecedented pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32367169, "pmcid": "PMC7196717", "title": "What's new in lung ultrasound during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Volpicelli, Giovanni", "Lamorte, Alessandro", "Villen, Tomas"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367169", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371560, "title": "PAP therapy increases the risk of transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Lance, Colleen G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371560", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is an open system that can generate contact, droplet, and airborne COVID-19 thereby increasing the risk of transmission of COVID-19 like other procedures such as tracheal intubation, noninvasive ventilation, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Medically prudent recommendations have been established for home use of PAP therapy in asymptomatic patients and patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Recommendations for sleep clinics and sleep laboratory activities are also discussed as well as the emergency use of PAP devices as a substitute for ventilation."}, {"pmid": 32371562, "title": "Keep cystic fibrosis patients out of the hospital.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Dasenbrook, Elliot"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371562", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No specific data exists regarding management of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who are infected with COVID-19. Based on expert opinion, strategies for outpatient management include use of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor to reduce pulmonary exacerbations, telemedicine, adherence to prescribed regimens, prompt and aggressive treatment of CF exacerbations, and communication about COVID-19 with patients with CF. Strategies for inpatient management may vary due to special precautions to avoid the aerosolization of COVID-19 with the use of nebulized medications and other therapies."}, {"pmid": 32317115, "pmcid": "PMC7166103", "title": "Coronavirus and Radiology. Considerations on the crisis.", "journal": "Radiologia", "authors": ["Ros Mendoza, Luis H"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317115", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286766, "title": "Novel 2019 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): an overview for emergency clinicians.", "journal": "Pediatr Emerg Med Pract", "authors": ["Giwa, A L", "Desai, Akash", "Duca, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286766", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and its infection, COVID-19, has quickly become a worldwide threat to health, travel, and commerce. It is essential for emergency clinicians to learn as much as possible about this pandemic to manage the unprecedented burdens on healthcare providers and hospital systems. This review analyzes information from worldwide research and experience on the epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19, and offers links to the most reliable and trustworthy resources to help equip healthcare professionals in managing this public health challenge. As the pandemic sweeps the United States, lessons learned from early centers of infection, notably New York and Northern Italy, can help localities to prepare."}, {"pmid": 32253942, "title": "Facing COVID-19 in Ophthalmology Department.", "journal": "Curr Eye Res", "authors": ["Romano, Mario R", "Montericcio, Alessio", "Montalbano, Clara", "Raimondi, Raffaele", "Allegrini, Davide", "Ricciardelli, Gabriella", "Angi, Martina", "Pagano, Luca", "Romano, Vito"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253942", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose: To provide useful guidelines, targeted at ophthalmology professionals, to minimize COVID-19 infection of both health-care workers and patients.Methods: In this review we present updated literature merged with our experience from hospitals in Bergamo, the epicenter of the COVID-19 European outbreak.Results: Non-pharmaceutical interventions, hygienic recommendations and personal protective equipment to contain viral spread as well as a suggested risk assessment for postponement of non-urgent cases should be applied in ophthalmologist activity. A triage for ophthalmic outpatient clinic is mandatory.Conclusion: Ophthalmology practice should be reorganized in order to face COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32479915, "pmcid": "PMC7258808", "title": "COVID 19 and laparoscopic surgeons, the Indian scenario - Perspective.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Gupta, Nikhil", "Agrawal, Himanshu"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479915", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID 19) had emerged as a global pandemic in recent times. The healthcare sector is at the epicentre of this unprecedented global pandemic challenge. Hospitals all over the world have reduced the number of non-emergency surgeries in order to utilise the staff and resources in a more efficient way. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is most transmitted via respiratory droplets, but risk of transmission is hugely increased while doing aerosol generating procedures (AGPs). Laparoscopy remains the preferred surgical approach for most surgical indications. There is theoretical possibility of generation of aerosols contaminated with COVID-19 from leaked CO2 and smoke generation after energy device use. The aim of this paper is to review available evidence evaluating the risk of spread of COVID-19 during necessary laparoscopic procedures and to compile guidelines from relevant professional organizations to minimize this risk."}, {"pmid": 32426126, "pmcid": "PMC7229447", "title": "Surgical practice and operative surgical strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic: A commentary.", "journal": "Ann Med Surg (Lond)", "authors": ["Karampelias, Vasileios", "Spanidis, Ypatios", "Kehagias, Ioannis"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376966, "title": "Coronavirus: share lessons on lifting lockdowns.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376966", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378503, "pmcid": "PMC7248591", "title": "Lessons Learned From Cases of COVID-19 Infection in South Korea.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Kang, Yun-Jung"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378503", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the Chinese government officially announced that the country had a single pneumonia case with an unknown cause. In the weeks after, South Korea had 24 confirmed cases by February 8, and the number has increased steadily since then. The highly contagious virus known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected Case No. 31 in Daegu; she was the first patient related to Sincheonji Church. Later, the number of cases involved with Sincheonji skyrocketed. On March 6, 2020, the number of confirmed cases was 6284, with 42 dead. This study, through collecting epidemiological data about various COVID-19 infection cases, discovered that getting together in large groups leads to mass infection, and that paying close attention to personal hygiene by means of wearing masks, sanitary gloves, etc., can prevent the spread of COVID-19. Additional epidemiological data and related studies on COVID-19 infections in South Korea are likely to support or slightly modify this conclusion. However, this study is significant in that it emphasizes the precautionary principle in preventing and managing infectious diseases, and has a suggestion for public health policies, which are currently in high demand."}, {"pmid": 32447800, "title": "Moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa under systemic therapy during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Giulia, Rozzo", "Alice, Ramondetta", "Teresa, Fierro Maria", "Paolo, Dapavo", "Simone, Ribero"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447800", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532625, "title": "E-Rehabilitation: One solution for patients with Parkinson's disease in COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Parkinsonism Relat Disord", "authors": ["Srivastav, Adarsh Kumar", "Samuel, Asir John"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532625", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446978, "pmcid": "PMC7242199", "title": "30-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first wave of the Italian epidemic: A prospective cohort study.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Giacomelli, Andrea", "Ridolfo, Anna Lisa", "Milazzo, Laura", "Oreni, Letizia", "Bernacchia, Dario", "Siano, Matteo", "Bonazzetti, Cecilia", "Covizzi, Alice", "Schiuma, Marco", "Passerini, Matteo", "Piscaglia, Marco", "Coen, Massimo", "Gubertini, Guido", "Rizzardini, Giuliano", "Cogliati, Chiara", "Brambilla, Anna Maria", "Colombo, Riccardo", "Castelli, Antonio", "Rech, Roberto", "Riva, Agostino", "Torre, Alessandro", "Meroni, Luca", "Rusconi, Stefano", "Antinori, Spinello", "Galli, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446978", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy was the first European country hit by the COVID-19 pandemic and has the highest number of recorded COVID-19 deaths in Europe. This prospective cohort study of the correlates of the risk of death in COVID-19 patients was conducted at the Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care units of Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy. The clinical characteristics of all the COVID-19 patients hospitalised in the early days of the epidemic (21 February -19 March 2020) were recorded upon admission, and the time-dependent probability of death was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method (censored as of 20 April 2020). Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the factors independently associated with the risk of death. Forty-eight (20.6 %) of the 233 patients followed up for a median of 40 days (interquartile range 33-47) died during the follow-up. Most were males (69.1 %) and their median age was 61 years (IQR 50-72). The time-dependent probability of death was 19.7 % (95 % CI 14.6-24.9 %) 30 days after hospital admission. Age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.08, 95 % CI 1.48-2.92 per ten years more) and obesity (aHR 3.04, 95 % CI 1.42-6.49) were independently associated with an increased risk of death, which was also associated with critical disease (aHR 8.26, 95 % CI 1.41-48.29), C-reactive protein levels (aHR 1.17, 95 % CI 1.02-1.35 per 50\u2009mg/L more) and creatinine kinase levels above 185 U/L (aHR 2.58, 95 % CI 1.37-4.87) upon admission. Case-fatality rate of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the early days of the Italian epidemic was about 20 %. Our study adds evidence to the notion that older age, obesity and more advanced illness are factors associated to an increased risk of death among patients hospitalized with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32457226, "title": "COVID-19 in MS: Initial observations from the Pacific Northwest.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Bowen, James D", "Brink, Justine", "Brown, Ted R", "Lucassen, Elisabeth B", "Smoot, Kyle", "Wundes, Annette", "Repovic, Pavle"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457226", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32252591, "title": "COVID-19 and the Heart.", "journal": "Circ Res", "authors": ["Akhmerov, Akbarshakh", "Marban, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252591", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus produces a clinical syndrome known as 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). When severe, COVID-19 is a systemic illness characterized by hyperinflammation, cytokine storm, and elevations of cardiac injury biomarkers. Here, we review what is known about the pathophysiology of COVID-19, its cardiovascular manifestations, and emerging therapeutic prospects. In this rapidly moving field, this review was comprehensive as of April 3, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32296808, "title": "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Respiratory Failure During Respiratory Epidemics and Pandemics: A Narrative Review.", "journal": "Ann Acad Med Singapore", "authors": ["Lim, Joel Kian Boon", "Qadri, Syeda Kashfi", "Toh, Theresa Shu Wen", "Lin, Cheryl Bin", "Mok, Yee Hui", "Lee, Jan Hau"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296808", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Epidemics and pandemics from zoonotic respiratory viruses, such as the 2019 novel coronavirus, can lead to significant global intensive care burden as patients progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A subset of these patients developed refractory hypoxaemia despite maximal conventional mechanical ventilation and required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). This review focuses on considerations for ventilatory strategies, infection control and patient selection related to ECMO for ARDS in a pandemic. We also summarise the experiences with ECMO in previous respiratory pandemics. A review of pertinent studies was conducted via a search using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar. References of articles were also examined to identify other relevant publications. Since the H1N1 Influenza pandemic in 2009, the use of ECMO for ARDS continues to grow despite limitations in evidence for survival benefit. There is emerging evidence to suggest that lung protective ventilation for ARDS can be further optimised while receiving ECMO so as to minimise ventilator-induced lung injury and subsequent contributions to multi-organ failure. Efforts to improve outcomes should also encompass appropriate infection control measures to reduce co-infections and prevent nosocomial transmission of novel respiratory viruses. Patient selection for ECMO in a pandemic can be challenging. We discuss important ethical considerations and predictive scoring systems that may assist clinical decision-making to optimise resource allocation. The role of ECMO in managing ARDS during respiratory pandemics continues to grow. This is supported by efforts to redefine optimal ventilatory strategies, reinforce infection control measures and enhance patient selection."}, {"pmid": 32347512, "pmcid": "PMC7187661", "title": "Group Testing for SARS-CoV-2: Forward to the Past?", "journal": "Pharmacoecon Open", "authors": ["Pouwels, Koen B", "Roope, Laurence S J", "Barnett, Adrian", "Hunter, David J", "Nolan, Terry M", "Clarke, Philip M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347512", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464665, "title": "Democracy, Capacity, and Coercion in Pandemic Response-COVID 19 in Comparative Political Perspective.", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Kavanagh, Matthew M", "Singh, Renu"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464665", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged governments around the world. It has also challenged conventional wisdom and empirical understandings in the comparative politics and policy of health. Three major questions present themselves: First, some of the countries considered to be the most prepared-having the greatest capacity for outbreak response-have failed to respond effectively to the pandemic. How should our understanding of capacity shift in light of COVID-19, and how can we incorporate political capacity into thinking about pandemic preparedness? Second, several of the mechanisms through which democracy has been shown to be beneficial for health have not traveled well to explain the performance of governments in this pandemic. Is there an authoritarian advantage in disease response? Third, after decades in which coercive public health measures have increasingly been considered counterproductive, COVID-19 has inspired widespread embrace of rigid lockdowns, isolation, and quarantine enforced by police. Will these measures prove effective in the long run and reshape public health thinking? This article explores some of these questions with emerging examples, even amid the pandemic when it is too soon to draw conclusions."}, {"pmid": 32339240, "pmcid": "PMC7197546", "title": "A Novel Use of Zip Lock Bags: Preserving A Sense of Humanity During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["McGarvey, Caoimhe G A", "Maher-Donnelly, Martina", "Walsh, Paul A", "Moriarty, John P", "Keane, Ruaidhri J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339240", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378774, "title": "COVID-19 in pregnancy.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Thornton, J G"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378774", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360083, "pmcid": "PMC7195129", "title": "Modulation of Hb-O2 affinity to improve hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Woyke, Simon", "Rauch, Simon", "Strohle, Mathias", "Gatterer, Hannes"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360083", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This opinion paper aims at discussing the potential impact of modulating the Hb-O2 affinity by the nutritional supplement 5-HMF on patients affected by COVID-19. The paper describes the critical role of the oxygen affinity in hypoxemic COVID-19 patients and the potential positive effect of 5-HMF, a compound shown to increase the Hb-O2 affinity."}, {"pmid": 32490919, "title": "Covid-19: The aftermath for orthodontics.", "journal": "Dental Press J Orthod", "authors": ["Artese, Flavia"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490919", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240633, "pmcid": "PMC7156221", "title": "Likelihood of survival of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ruan, Shigui"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240633", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478548, "title": "Social and psychological consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak: The experiences of Taiwan and Hong Kong.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Lei, Man-Kit", "Klopack, Eric T"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478548", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article discusses the value of studying past social and psychological responses to pandemics and natural disasters in understanding reactions to coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). By examining severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) experiences in both Taiwan and Hong Kong, we indicate that psychological trauma might be a pathway whereby the COVID-19 outbreak affects long-term health and well-being and that psychological and collective trauma caused by the COVID-19 may relate to future preparedness and risk awareness. We conclude with a consideration of social-psychological processes for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32372775, "pmcid": "PMC7194506", "title": "Italy in lockdown.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Vaughan, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372775", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the second-highest number of coronavirus cases globally, Italy is taking dramatic steps to slow the spread, reports Adam Vaughan."}, {"pmid": 32193905, "pmcid": "PMC7086086", "title": "First Pediatric Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Park, Ji Young", "Han, Mi Seon", "Park, Kyoung Un", "Kim, Ji Young", "Choi, Eun Hwa"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193905", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The large outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that started in Wuhan, China has now spread to many countries worldwide. Current epidemiologic knowledge suggests that relatively few cases are seen among children, which limits opportunities to address pediatric specific issues on infection control and the children's contribution to viral spread in the community. Here, we report the first pediatric case of COVID-19 in Korea. The 10-year-old girl was a close contact of her uncle and her mother who were confirmed to have COVID-19. In this report, we present mild clinical course of her pneumonia that did not require antiviral treatment and serial viral test results from multiple specimens. Lastly, we raise concerns on the optimal strategy of self-quarantine and patient care in a negative isolation room for children."}, {"pmid": 32383269, "pmcid": "PMC7267663", "title": "In silico studies on the comparative characterization of the interactions of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein with ACE-2 receptor homologs and human TLRs.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Choudhury, Abhigyan", "Mukherjee, Suprabhat"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383269", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak due to novel coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has come out as a major threat for mankind in recent times. It is continually taking an enormous toll on mankind by means of increasing number of deaths, associated comorbidities, and socioeconomic loss around the globe. Unavailability of chemotherapeutics/vaccine has posed tremendous challenges to scientists and doctors for developing an urgent therapeutic strategy. In this connection, the present in silico study aims to understand the sequence divergence of spike protein (the major infective protein of SARS-CoV-2), its mode of interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor (ACE2) receptor of human and related animal hosts/reservoir. Moreover, the involvement of the human Toll-like receptors (TLRs) against the spike protein has also been demonstrated. Our data indicated that the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 is phylogenetically close to bat coronavirus and strongly binds with ACE2 receptor protein from both human and bat origin. We have also found that cell surface TLRs, especially TLR4 is most likely to be involved in recognizing molecular patterns from SARS-CoV-2 to induce inflammatory responses. The present study supported the zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2 from a bat and also revealed that TLR4 may have a crucial role in the virus-induced inflammatory consequences associated with COVID-19. Therefore, selective targeting of TLR4-spike protein interaction by designing competitive TLR4-antagonists could pave a new way to treat COVID-19. Finally, this study is expected to improve our understanding on the immunobiology of SARS-CoV-2 and could be useful in adopting spike protein, ACE2, or TLR-guided intervention strategy against COVID-19 shortly."}, {"pmid": 32433162, "pmcid": "PMC7268845", "title": "FDG PET/CT in Diagnosing COVID-19 Infection in a Cancer Patient With Exposure History But Minimal Symptoms.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Chuang, Hubert H", "Emery, Dustin J", "Campbell, Richelle Millican", "Lu, Yang"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433162", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 56-year-old woman with high-grade neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma had known contact history of COVID-19 about 16 days prior to the restaging PET/CT. The patient was instructed to self-quarantine for 14 days, and no COVID-19 test was performed. Upon arrival, the patient had low-grade fever of 37.1\u00b0C, but did not meet infection control criteria for COVID-19 testing, and it was approved to proceed with PET/CT. The FDG PET/CT images revealed new multifocal hypermetabolic bilateral pulmonary ground-glass opacities that are suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia. Meanwhile, the patient's symptoms worsened, and a blood test later confirmed COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32160996, "title": "Covid-19: UK ramps up testing by 500% as health minister tests positive for virus.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160996", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387508, "pmcid": "PMC7202824", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Detected in Cerebrospinal Fluid by PCR in a Case of COVID-19 Encephalitis.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Huang, Y Hanna", "Jiang, Daniel", "Huang, Jong T"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387508", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32100877, "pmcid": "PMC7228221", "title": "Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Zhixin", "Xiao, Xiao", "Wei, Xiuli", "Li, Jian", "Yang, Jing", "Tan, Huabing", "Zhu, Jianyong", "Zhang, Qiwei", "Wu, Jianguo", "Liu, Long"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100877", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From the beginning of 2002 and 2012, severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) crossed the species barriers to infect humans, causing thousands of infections and hundreds of deaths, respectively. Currently, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which has become the cause of the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), was discovered. Until 18 February 2020, there were 72\u2009533 confirmed COVID-19 cases (including 10\u2009644 severe cases) and 1872 deaths in China. SARS-CoV-2 is spreading among the public and causing substantial burden due to its human-to-human transmission. However, the intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 is still unclear. Finding the possible intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 is imperative to prevent further spread of the epidemic. In this study, we used systematic comparison and analysis to predict the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of coronavirus spike protein and the host receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The interaction between the key amino acids of S protein RBD and ACE2 indicated that, other than pangolins and snakes, as previously suggested, turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii, Chelonia mydas, and Pelodiscus sinensis) may act as the potential intermediate hosts transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to humans."}, {"pmid": 32282412, "pmcid": "PMC7197341", "title": "Preparing to Perform Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery on Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Rodrigues-Pinto, Ricardo", "Sousa, Ricardo", "Oliveira, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282412", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353742, "pmcid": "PMC7177149", "title": "Vitamin D: A simpler alternative to tocilizumab for trial in COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Silberstein, Morry"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353742", "topics": ["Treatment", "Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is anecdotal evidence that tocilizumab, an immunosuppressant drug, may be a potential therapeutic option for patients with severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Like tocilizumab, Vitamin D appears to modulate the activity of an interleukin (IL-6), which may explain the seasonal variation in prevalence of influenza. While most cases of COVID-19 have, thus far, occurred in the Northern Hemisphere winter, limiting the ability to assess seasonal variation, there remains substantial variation in the severity of this condition that has yet to be explained. A retrospective comparison of Vitamin D levels in previously obtained blood samples between survivors and confirmed fatalities could establish a rationale for implementation of widespread Vitamin D supplementation. This would be far cheaper and simpler than tocilizumab as a therapeutic option to trial."}, {"pmid": 32364793, "title": "Leveraging Technology for Remote Learning in the Era of COVID-19 and Social Distancing: Tips and Resources for Pathology Educators and Trainees.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Mukhopadhyay, Sanjay", "Booth, Adam L", "Calkins, Sarah M", "Doxtader, Erika E", "Fine, Samson W", "Gardner, Jerad M", "Gonzalez, Raul S", "Mirza, Kamran M", "Jiang, Xiaoyin Sara"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364793", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly disrupted traditional modes of operation in healthcare and education. In March 2020, institutions in the United States began to implement a range of policies to discourage direct contact and encourage social distancing. These measures have placed us in an unprecedented position where education can no longer occur at close quarters - most notably, around a multi-headed microscope - but must instead continue at a distance. This guide is intended to be a resource for pathologists and pathologists-in-training who wish to leverage technology to continue collaboration, teaching, and education in this era. The manuscript is focused mainly on anatomic pathology; however, the technologies easily lend themselves to clinical pathology education as well. Our aim is to provide curated lists of various online resources that can be used for virtual learning in pathology, provide tips and tricks, and share our personal experience with these technologies. The lists include video conferencing platforms, pathology websites, free online educational resources, including social media, and whole-slide imaging collections. We are currently living through a unique situation without a precedent or guidebook, and we hope that this guide will enable the community of pathology educators worldwide to embrace the opportunities that 21st century technology provides."}, {"pmid": 32165352, "title": "Video consultations for covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Greenhalgh, Trisha", "Wherton, Joe", "Shaw, Sara", "Morrison, Clare"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165352", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528043, "pmcid": "PMC7289538", "title": "Response to \"COVID-19 in persons with haematological cancers\".", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["Hatzl, Stefan", "Eisner, Florian", "Schilcher, Gernot", "Kreuzer, Philipp", "Gornicec, Maximilian", "Eller, Philipp", "Brodmann, Marianne", "Schlenke, Peter", "Stradner, Martin Helmut", "Krause, Robert", "Greinix, Hildegard", "Schulz, Eduard"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528043", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354799, "pmcid": "PMC7211096", "title": "COVID-19 and acute myocardial injury: the heart of the matter or an innocent bystander?", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Cheng, Richard", "Leedy, Douglas"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354799", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319114, "pmcid": "PMC7264606", "title": "Public health, health systems and palliation planning for COVID-19 on an exponential timeline.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["MacIntyre, C Raina", "Heslop, David J"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319114", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425005, "pmcid": "PMC7110264", "title": "Dialectical behavior therapy-based psychological intervention for woman in late pregnancy and early postpartum suffering from COVID-19: a case report.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Huang, Jin-Wen", "Zhou, Xiao-Yi", "Lu, Shao-Jia", "Xu, Yi", "Hu, Jian-Bo", "Huang, Man-Li", "Wang, Hua-Fen", "Hu, Chan-Chan", "Li, Shu-Guang", "Chen, Jing-Kai", "Wang, Zhong", "Hu, Shao-Hua", "Wei, Ning"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425005", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of 2019, a new form of pneumonia disease known as the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spread throughout most provinces of China, and the total global number of COVID-19 cases has surpassed 500 000 by Mar. 27, 2020 (WHO, 2020). On Jan. 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global health emergency (WHO, 2020). COVID-19 causes most damage to the respiratory system, leading to pneumonia or breathing difficulties. The confirmed case fatality risk (cCFR) was estimated to be 5% to 8% (Jung et al., 2020). Besides physical pain, COVID-19 also induces psychological distress, with depression, anxiety, and stress affecting the general population, quarantined population, medical staff, and patients at different levels (Kang et al., 2020; Xiang et al., 2020). Previous research on patients in isolation wards highlighted the risk of depressed mood, fear, loneliness, frustration, excessive worries, and insomnia (Abad et al., 2010)."}, {"pmid": 32411495, "pmcid": "PMC7221393", "title": "Nasal endoscopy protocols in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Fried, Jacob", "Imam, Sarah A", "Lee, Joshua A", "Nguyen, Shaun A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411495", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401215, "pmcid": "PMC7247465", "title": "Telehealth Home Support During COVID-19 Confinement for Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Mild Dementia: Survey Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Goodman-Casanova, Jessica Marian", "Dura-Perez, Elena", "Guzman-Parra, Jose", "Cuesta-Vargas, Antonio", "Mayoral-Cleries, Fermin"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401215", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The public health emergency of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is rapidly evolving worldwide; some countries, including Spain, have implemented restrictive measures. Populations that are vulnerable to this outbreak and its physical and mental health effects include community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia. Telehealth is a potential tool to deliver health care and decrease exposure risk. The aims of this study were to explore the impact of confinement on the health and well-being of community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia, to provide television-based and telephone-based health and social support, and to study the effects of a television-based assistive integrated technology, TV-AssistDem (TeleVision-based ASSistive Integrated Service to supporT European adults living with mild DEMentia or mild cognitive impairment). A telephone-based survey was administered in Spain to 93 participants in the TV-AssistDem clinical trial from March 25 to April 6, 2020. Of the respondents, 60/93 (65%) were women. The mean age was 73.34 (SD 6.07), and 69/93 (74%) lived accompanied. Lockdown measures forced 17/93 respondents (18%) to change their living arrangements. Health status was found to be optimal in 89/93 respondents (96%), with no COVID-19 symptoms. Grocery and pharmacy outings were performed by family members of 68/93 participants (73%); 57 (61%) reported overall well-being, and 65 (70%) maintained their sleep quality. However, participants living alone reported greater negative feelings and more sleeping problems. Regarding leisure activities, 53/93 respondents (57%) took walks, 32 (35%) played memory games, 55 (60%) watched television, and 91 (98%) telephoned relatives. 58/93 (64%) respondents reported accessing moderate or too much COVID-19 information, 89 (97%) received it from television, and 56 (62%) stated that their understanding of the information was extreme. 39/93 (39%) respondents had contacted health and social services, while 29 (31%) requested information regarding these services during the telephone call. There were no significant differences in health and well-being between the intervention and control groups. Respondents with TV-AssistDem performed more memory exercises (24/93, 52% vs 8/93, 17.4%; P<.001) than control respondents. Our findings suggest that during COVID-19 confinement, the physical and mental health and well-being was optimal for the majority of our vulnerable population. However, those living alone reported greater negative psychological effects and sleeping problems. Measures adopted to address the negative experiences of confinement included keeping informed about the situation, accessing health and social services, having a support network that prevents risk of exposure to COVID-19 and guarantees food and medical supplies, a daily routine with maintained sleeping habits and leisure activities, staying physically and mentally active with cognitive stimulation exercises, and ensuring social connectedness using technology. Television sets were preferred technological devices to access COVID-19 information, watch television as a recreational activity, and perform memory exercises as an intellectual activity. Television-based telehealth support using TV-AssistDem demonstrated potential for cognitive stimulation. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03653234; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03653234."}, {"pmid": 32355131, "title": "Examining Inequities Associated With Changes in Obstetric and Gynecologic Care Delivery During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Onwuzurike, Chiamaka", "Meadows, Audra R", "Nour, Nawal M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355131", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a public health emergency requiring significant changes in obstetric and gynecologic health care delivery to minimize the risk of transmission to healthy patients and health care workers. Although these changes are necessary, they will differentially affect patients in a way that highlights and exacerbates existing inequities in health care access and outcomes. Socially vulnerable groups are already disproportionately affected by COVID-19 infection and more likely to experience severe morbidity and mortality. Some reasons for this include a limited ability to practice risk-reducing behaviors such as physical distancing, higher prevalence of chronic medical conditions, and less access to medical care. Additionally, the structural changes now taking place in health care delivery have negatively affected the ability of socially vulnerable groups to obtain necessary obstetric and gynecologic care, which may lead to poorer outcomes. As physician-leaders enact new policies to respond to the COVID-19 public health crisis, it is important to consider the potential for exacerbating existing health inequities and to be proactive in creating policies that promote equity."}, {"pmid": 32360444, "pmcid": "PMC7195088", "title": "Balancing evidence and frontline experience in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: current position of the Italian Society of Anti-infective Therapy (SITA) and the Italian Society of Pulmonology (SIP).", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Bassetti, M", "Giacobbe, D R", "Aliberti, S", "Barisione, E", "Centanni, S", "De Rosa, F G", "Di Marco, F", "Gori, A", "Granata, G", "Mikulska, M", "Petrosillo, N", "Richeldi, L", "Santus, P", "Tascini, C", "Vena, A", "Viale, P", "Blasi, F"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360444", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has rapidly become epidemic in Italy and other European countries. The disease spectrum ranges from asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic presentations to acute respiratory failure. At the present time the absolute number of severe cases requiring ventilator support is reaching or even surpassing the intensive care unit bed capacity in the most affected regions and countries. To narratively summarize the available literature on the management of COVID-19 in order to combine current evidence and frontline opinions and to provide balanced answers to pressing clinical questions. Inductive PubMed search for publications relevant to the topic. The available literature and the authors' frontline-based opinion are summarized in brief narrative answers to selected clinical questions, with a conclusive statement provided for each answer. Many off-label antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs are currently being administered to patients with COVID-19. Physicians must be aware that, as they are not supported by high-level evidence, these treatments may often be ethically justifiable only in those worsening patients unlikely to improve only with supportive care, and who cannot be enrolled onto randomized clinical trials. Access to well-designed randomized controlled trials should be expanded as much as possible because it is the most secure way to change for the better our approach to COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32472948, "title": "Speeding tumor genotyping during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak through liquid biopsy.", "journal": "Cancer", "authors": ["Rolfo, Christian", "Russo, Alessandro", "de Miguel-Perez, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472948", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501852, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a diagnostic dilemma in HIV.", "journal": "AIDS", "authors": ["Coleman, Harry", "Snell, Luke B", "Simons, Rebecca", "Douthwaite, Sam T", "Lee, Ming J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501852", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281885, "pmcid": "PMC7258630", "title": "Basing Respiratory Management of COVID-19 on Physiological Principles.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Tobin, Martin J"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281885", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502292, "title": "Aligning Student-Led Initiatives and Incident Command System Resources in a Pandemic.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Kratochvil, Taylor J", "Khazanchi, Rohan", "Sass, RemyGrace M", "Caverzagie, Kelly J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502292", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Removed from classrooms and clinics amid the COVID-19 pandemic, health professions students have answered the call to serve alternate roles by rapidly mobilizing to address health system and community-identified needs in innovative ways. Many institutions, including the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), have formally recognized student roles by adding service learning requirements to adapted curricula. Although the crisis has spurred an explosion of student-led volunteer initiatives, many risk operating beyond the protection of their academic institution and could bolster their efficacy by harnessing institutional resources."}, {"pmid": 32473070, "title": "Treatment of COVID-19 with pentoxifylline: Could it be a potential adjuvant therapy?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Seirafianpour, Farnoosh", "Mozafarpoor, Samaneh", "Fattahi, Nima", "Sadeghzadeh-Bazargan, Afsaneh", "Hanifiha, Melika", "Goodarzi, Azadeh"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473070", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is facing a viral pandemic of a new coronavirus called COVID-19. Pentoxifylline is a methyl-xanthine and it inhibits phosphodiesterase IV (PDE IV). This drug is known for its unique features as an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent, also it could have antiviral affects. This is a scoping review, in which all related articles on COVID-19 and the probable benefits of Pentoxifylline against COVID-19 pathogenesis, in Medline, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar up to March 20, 2020 with proper keywords including: pentoxifylline, Pentoxil, COVID-19, coronavirus, treatment, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-fibrosis, oxygenation, circulation, bronchodilator, ARDS and organ failure. We found many confirmatory data on proper efficacy of pentoxifylline n controlling COVID-19 and its consequences. The antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, immune-modulatory, bronchodilator and respiratory supportive effects and protective roles in organ failures of PTX, along with its main functions means better circulation-oxygenation properties, low price and safety, make it a promising drug to be considered for covid-19 treatment, especially as an adjuvant therapy in combination with other drugs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32267765, "title": "COVID-19 in the community.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Kurtkoti, Rucha"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267765", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213556, "pmcid": "PMC7133387", "title": "Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Jin, Xi", "Lian, Jiang-Shan", "Hu, Jian-Hua", "Gao, Jianguo", "Zheng, Lin", "Zhang, Yi-Min", "Hao, Shao-Rui", "Jia, Hong-Yu", "Cai, Huan", "Zhang, Xiao-Li", "Yu, Guo-Dong", "Xu, Kai-Jin", "Wang, Xiao-Yan", "Gu, Jue-Qing", "Zhang, Shan-Yan", "Ye, Chan-Yuan", "Jin, Ci-Liang", "Lu, Ying-Feng", "Yu, Xia", "Yu, Xiao-Peng", "Huang, Jian-Rong", "Xu, Kang-Li", "Ni, Qin", "Yu, Cheng-Bo", "Zhu, Biao", "Li, Yong-Tao", "Liu, Jun", "Zhao, Hong", "Zhang, Xuan", "Yu, Liang", "Guo, Yong-Zheng", "Su, Jun-Wei", "Tao, Jing-Jing", "Lang, Guan-Jing", "Wu, Xiao-Xin", "Wu, Wen-Rui", "Qv, Ting-Ting", "Xiang, Dai-Rong", "Yi, Ping", "Shi, Ding", "Chen, Yanfei", "Ren, Yue", "Qiu, Yun-Qing", "Li, Lan-Juan", "Sheng, Jifang", "Yang, Yida"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213556", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2-infected disease (COVID-19) outbreak is a major threat to human beings. Previous studies mainly focused on Wuhan and typical symptoms. We analysed 74 confirmed COVID-19 cases with GI symptoms in the Zhejiang province to determine epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics. COVID-19 hospital patients were admitted in the Zhejiang province from 17 January 2020 to 8 February 2020. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, management and outcome data of patients with GI symptoms were analysed using multivariate analysis for risk of severe/critical type. Bioinformatics were used to analyse features of SARS-CoV-2 from Zhejiang province. Among enrolled 651 patients, 74 (11.4%) presented with at least one GI symptom (nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea), average age of 46.14 years, 4-day incubation period and 10.8% had pre-existing liver disease. Of patients with COVID-19 with GI symptoms, 17 (22.97%) and 23 (31.08%) had severe/critical types and family clustering, respectively, significantly higher than those without GI symptoms, 47 (8.14%) and 118 (20.45%). Of patients with COVID-19 with GI symptoms, 29 (39.19%), 23 (31.08%), 8 (10.81%) and 16 (21.62%) had significantly higher rates of fever >38.5\u00b0C, fatigue, shortness of breath and headache, respectively. Low-dose glucocorticoids and antibiotics were administered to 14.86% and 41.89% of patients, respectively. Sputum production and increased lactate dehydrogenase/glucose levels were risk factors for severe/critical type. Bioinformatics showed sequence mutation of SARS-CoV-2 with m6A methylation and changed binding capacity with ACE2. We report COVID-19 cases with GI symptoms with novel features outside Wuhan. Attention to patients with COVID-19 with non-classic symptoms should increase to protect health providers."}, {"pmid": 32376263, "pmcid": "PMC7196549", "title": "Palliative Care in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Mercadante, Sebastiano", "Adile, Claudio", "Ferrera, Patrizia", "Giuliana, Fausto", "Terruso, Lidia", "Piccione, Tania"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376263", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After COVID-19 crisis in Italy, serious restrictions have been introduced for relatives, with limitations or prohibitions on hospital visits. To partially overcome these issues \"WhatsApp\" has been adopted to get family members to participate in clinical rounds. Family members of patients admitted to the acute palliative care unit and hospice were screened for a period of two\u00a0weeks. Four formal questions were posed: 1) Are you happy to virtually attend the clinical round? 2) Are you happy with the information gained in this occasion? 3) Do you think that your loved one was happy to see you during the clinical rounds? 4) This technology may substitute your presence during the clinical rounds? The scores were 0\u00a0=\u00a0no, 1\u00a0=\u00a0a little bit, 2\u00a0=\u00a0much, 3\u00a0=\u00a0very much. Relatives were free to comment about these points. Sixteen of 25 screened family members were interviewed. Most family members had a good impression, providing scores of 2 or 3 for the first three items. However, the real presence bedside (forth question) was considered irreplaceable. They perceived that their loved one, when admitted to hospice, had to say good-bye before dying."}, {"pmid": 32369639, "title": "Pre-registration undergraduate nurses and the COVID-19 pandemic: Students or workers?", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Hayter, Mark", "Jackson, Debra"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369639", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433624, "title": "Coronavirus: everyone wins when patents are pooled.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433624", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371362, "pmcid": "PMC7252028", "title": "Mesenchymal stem cell (MSc) secretome: A possible therapeutic strategy for intensive-care COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Deffune, Elenice", "Prudenciatti, Arua", "Moroz, Andrei"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371362", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As an emerging global health challenge, COVID-19 requires international knowledge to reach novel possible therapeutic strategies, especially for intensive-care patients. During the early stages of infection, pneumocytes II are the primary infected cells, harming the respiratory system. We have previous evidence in murine models that MSc's secretome can be used to treat pulmonary injuries induced with bleomycin, due to its content: growth factors, extracellular vesicles, and exosomes. We hypothesize and strongly recommend MSc secretome testing and production, in xenofree conditions, to be used as an alternative approach in SARS-Cov-2 patients in critical conditions."}, {"pmid": 32414755, "title": "COVID-19 and MS disease-modifying therapies.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Berger, Joseph R", "Brandstadter, Rachel", "Bar-Or, Amit"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414755", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To address concerns regarding the effect of MS disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on the expression of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Review of the current state of knowledge regarding the viral etiology of COVID-19, mechanisms of injury by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the effect of individual DMTs on the risk of infection and COVID-19 disease expression. Although data are limited, MS DMTs do not obviously increase the risk of acquiring symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. The severe morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 appear to be largely the consequence of an overly robust immune response rather than the consequence of unchecked viral replication. The effects of specific MS DMTs on the immune response that may increase the risk of impaired viral clearance and their potential counterbalancing beneficial effects on the development of COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome are reviewed. Although there is currently insufficient real-world experience to definitively answer the question of the effect of a specific MS DMT on COVID-19, registries presently in nascent form should provide these answers. This review provides an approach to addressing these concerns while the data are being accumulated. Early insights suggest that the risk of infection and associated morbidity of COVID-19 in this population is little different than that of the population at large."}, {"pmid": 32513287, "title": "Acute cholecystitis during COVID-19 pandemic: a multisocietary position statement.", "journal": "World J Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Campanile, Fabio Cesare", "Podda, Mauro", "Arezzo, Alberto", "Botteri, Emanuele", "Sartori, Alberto", "Guerrieri, Mario", "Cassinotti, Elisa", "Muttillo, Irnerio", "Pisano, Marcello", "Brachet Contul, Riccardo", "D'Ambrosio, Giancarlo", "Cuccurullo, Diego", "Bergamini, Carlo", "Allaix, Marco Ettore", "Caracino, Valerio", "Petz, Wanda Luisa", "Milone, Marco", "Silecchia, Gianfranco", "Anania, Gabriele", "Agrusa, Antonino", "Di Saverio, Salomone", "Casarano, Salvatore", "Cicala, Caterina", "Narilli, Piero", "Federici, Sara", "Carlini, Massimo", "Paganini, Alessandro", "Bianchi, Paolo Pietro", "Salaj, Adelona", "Mazzari, Andrea", "Meniconi, Roberto Luca", "Puzziello, Alessandro", "Terrosu, Giovanni", "De Simone, Belinda", "Coccolini, Federico", "Catena, Fausto", "Agresta, Ferdinando"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513287", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the spread of the infection from the new SARS-CoV2 coronavirus in March 2020, several surgical societies have released their recommendations to manage the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for the daily clinical practice. The recommendations on emergency surgery have fueled a debate among surgeons on an international level.We maintain that laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains the treatment of choice for acute cholecystitis, even in the COVID-19 era. Moreover, since laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not more likely to spread the COVID-19 infection than open cholecystectomy, it must be organized in such a way as to be carried out safely even in the present situation, to guarantee the patient with the best outcomes that minimally invasive surgery has shown to have."}, {"pmid": 32184216, "title": "Covid-19: Trump sought to buy vaccine developer exclusively for US, say German officials.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184216", "countries": ["United States", "Germany"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32264813, "title": "Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease Outbreak: The Italian Trends.", "journal": "Rev Recent Clin Trials", "authors": ["Abenavoli, Ludovico", "Cinaglia, Pietro", "Luzza, Francesco", "Gentile, Ivan", "Boccuto, Luigi"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264813", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514473, "pmcid": "PMC7242958", "title": "Meeting the challenges imposed by COVID-19: Guidance document by the ESTRO Radiation TherapisT Committee (RTTC).", "journal": "Tech Innov Patient Support Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Tsang, Yat", "Duffton, Aileen", "Leech, Michelle", "Rossi, Maddalena", "Scherer, Philipp"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514473", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 - a novel coronavirus was firstly reported in December 2019. In response to threats imposed by COVID-19, the European society for radiotherapy and oncology Radiation TherapisT Committee (ESTRO RTTC) prepared this document in conjunction with an infographic with four main domains: patient care, RTT workflow, remote working and RT practice. In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, RTTs should be empowered with appropriate guidance and personal protection equipment in order to provide a safe radiotherapy service by limiting potential viral exposure to patients, healthcare workers and general public."}, {"pmid": 32105468, "pmcid": "PMC7094172", "title": "Structure-Based Stabilization of Non-native Protein-Protein Interactions of Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins in Antiviral Drug Design.", "journal": "J Med Chem", "authors": ["Lin, Shan-Meng", "Lin, Shih-Chao", "Hsu, Jia-Ning", "Chang, Chung-Ke", "Chien, Ching-Ming", "Wang, Yong-Sheng", "Wu, Hung-Yi", "Jeng, U-Ser", "Kehn-Hall, Kylene", "Hou, Ming-Hon"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105468", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Structure-based stabilization of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is a promising strategy for drug discovery. However, this approach has mainly focused on the stabilization of native PPIs, and non-native PPIs have received little consideration. Here, we identified a non-native interaction interface on the three-dimensional dimeric structure of the N-terminal domain of the MERS-CoV nucleocapsid protein (MERS-CoV N-NTD). The interface formed a conserved hydrophobic cavity suitable for targeted drug screening. By considering the hydrophobic complementarity during the virtual screening step, we identified 5-benzyloxygramine as a new N protein PPI orthosteric stabilizer that exhibits both antiviral and N-NTD protein-stabilizing activities. X-ray crystallography and small-angle X-ray scattering showed that 5-benzyloxygramine stabilizes the N-NTD dimers through simultaneous hydrophobic interactions with both partners, resulting in abnormal N protein oligomerization that was further confirmed in the cell. This unique approach based on the identification and stabilization of non-native PPIs of N protein could be applied toward drug discovery against CoV diseases."}, {"pmid": 32409443, "title": "Respiratory failure in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Vashisht, Rishik", "Duggal, Abhijit"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409443", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The management of patients with COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome focuses on identifying the causes for respiratory failure and on following best practices for supportive care with oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation. In this patient population, appropriate measures need to be taken to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. Nearly 90% of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU need mechanical ventilation and most of these develop severe ARDS, which causes high morbidity and mortality. These patients need to be managed according to guidelines for the low-tidal-volume lung-protective ventilation. Practitioners also need to evaluate for other potential causes of respiratory failure."}, {"pmid": 32493981, "title": "The COVID-19 testing debacle.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493981", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321602, "title": "Iran's success in controlling Covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mohammadzadeh, Nima", "Shahriary, Mahla"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321602", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486283, "title": "Reporter Replicons for Antiviral Drug Discovery against Positive Single-Stranded RNA Viruses.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Fernandes, Rafaela S", "Freire, Marjorie C L C", "Bueno, Renata V", "Godoy, Andre S", "Gil, Laura H V G", "Oliva, Glaucius"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486283", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Single-stranded positive RNA ((+) ssRNA) viruses include several important human pathogens. Some members are responsible for large outbreaks, such as Zika virus, West Nile virus, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, while others are endemic, causing an enormous global health burden. Since vaccines or specific treatments are not available for most viral infections, the discovery of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) is an urgent need. Still, the low-throughput nature of and biosafety concerns related to traditional antiviral assays hinders the discovery of new inhibitors. With the advances of reverse genetics, reporter replicon systems have become an alternative tool for the screening of DAAs. Herein, we review decades of the use of (+) ssRNA viruses replicon systems for the discovery of antiviral agents. We summarize different strategies used to develop those systems, as well as highlight some of the most promising inhibitors identified by the method. Despite the genetic alterations introduced, reporter replicons have been shown to be reliable systems for screening and identification of viral replication inhibitors and, therefore, an important tool for the discovery of new DAAs."}, {"pmid": 32470007, "pmcid": "PMC7259684", "title": "Social support and mental health among health care workers during Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak: A moderated mediation model.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Hou, Tianya", "Zhang, Taiquan", "Cai, Wenpeng", "Song, Xiangrui", "Chen, Aibin", "Deng, Guanghui", "Ni, Chunyan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470007", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) all over the world, the mental health conditions of health care workers are of great importance to ensure the efficiency of rescue operations. The current study examined the effect of social support on mental health of health care workers and its underlying mechanisms regarding the mediating role of resilience and moderating role of age during the epidemic. Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were administrated among 1472 health care workers from Jiangsu Province, China during the peak period of COVID-19 outbreak. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the mediation effect of resilience on the relation between social support and mental health, whereas moderated mediation analysis was performed by Hayes PROCESS macro. The findings showed that resilience could partially mediate the effect of social support on mental health among health care workers. Age group moderated the indirect relationship between social support and mental health via resilience. Specifically, compared with younger health care workers, the association between resilience and mental health would be attenuated in the middle-aged workers. The results add knowledge to previous literature by uncovering the underlying mechanisms between social support and mental health. The present study has profound implications for mental health services for health care workers during the peak period of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32105045, "title": "The coronavirus epidemic will reach Norway.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Aavitsland, Preben"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105045", "countries": ["Norway"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353326, "pmcid": "PMC7185921", "title": "Atypical presentation of COVID-19 in young infants.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Nathan, Nadia", "Prevost, Blandine", "Corvol, Harriet"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353326", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298137, "title": "VIRAL TRANSPORTATION IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC: INACTIVATED VIRUS TRANSPORTATION SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED FOR SAFE TRANSPORTATION AND HANDLING AT DIAGNOSTICS LABORATORIES.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Dewar, Rajan", "Baunoch, David", "Wojno, Kirk", "Parkash, Vinita", "Khosravi-Far, Roya"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298137", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506111, "title": "National Clinical Guidance for the Management of Cardiovascular Intervention in the COVID-19 Pandemic: From Bangladesh Society of Cardiovascular Interventions (BSCI).", "journal": "Mymensingh Med J", "authors": ["Uddin, M J", "Rahman, A F", "Rahman, S", "Momenuzzaman, N M", "Rahman, A", "Majumder, A S", "Mohibullah, A M", "Chowdhury, A H", "Malik, F N", "Ahsan, S A", "Mohsin, K", "Haq, M M", "Chowdhury, A W", "Sohrabuzzaman, A M", "Rahman, M", "Chakraborty, B", "Rahman, R", "Khan, S R", "Khan, K N", "Reza, A M", "Hussain, K S", "Rashid, M", "Choudhury, A K", "Karmakar, K K", "Ali, Z", "Alam, N", "Rahman, Z", "Kabir, C S", "Banik, D", "Dutta, A", "Badiuzzaman, M", "Islam, A W", "Sium, A H", "Hossain, M D", "Ahmed, N", "Jahan, J", "Islam, M S", "Arefin, M M", "Cader, F A", "Banerjee, S K", "Hoque, H", "Shofiuddin, M", "Selim, A", "Das, P K", "Ahmed, M", "Dutto, B", "Alam, S", "Paul, G K", "Paul, S K", "Azam, M G"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506111", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first recorded case of SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladesh on 8th March 2020, COVID-19 has spread widely through different regions of the country, resulting in a necessity to re-evaluate the delivery of cardiovascular services, particularly procedures pertaining to interventional cardiology in resource-limited settings. Given its robust capacity for human-to-human transmission and potential of being a nosocomial source of infection, the disease has specific implications on healthcare systems and health care professionals faced with performing essential cardiac procedures in patients with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The limited resources in terms of cardiac catheterization laboratories that can be designated to treat only COVID positive patients are further compounded by the additional challenges of unavailability of widespread rapid testing on-site at tertiary cardiac hospitals in Bangladesh. This document prepared for our nation by the Bangladesh Society of Cardiovascular Interventions (BSCI) is intended to serve as a clinical practice guideline for cardiovascular health care professionals, with a focus on modifying standard practice of care during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to ensure continuation of adequate and timely treatment of cardiovascular emergencies avoiding hospital-based transmission of SARS-COV-2 among healthcare professionals and the patients. This is an evolving document based on currently available global data and is tailored to healthcare systems in Bangladesh with particular focus on, but not limited to, invasive cardiology facilities (cardiac catheterization, electrophysiology & pacing labs). This guideline is limited to the provision of cardiovascular care, and it is expected that specific targeted pharmaco-therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 be prescribed as stipulated by the National Guidelines on Clinical Management of Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) published by the Director General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of Bangladesh."}, {"pmid": 32503846, "title": "Safely restarting GI endoscopy in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Hayee, Bu'Hussain", "Thoufeeq, Mo", "Rees, Colin J", "Penman, Ian", "East, James"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503846", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439655, "title": "Covid-19: Two antibody tests are \"highly specific\" but vary in sensitivity, evaluations find.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439655", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238896, "title": "My lab is closed to me because of the coronavirus. Here's how I'm planning to stay productive.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Su, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238896", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32167524, "pmcid": "PMC7070509", "title": "Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Wu, Chaomin", "Chen, Xiaoyan", "Cai, Yanping", "Xia, Jia'an", "Zhou, Xing", "Xu, Sha", "Huang, Hanping", "Zhang, Li", "Zhou, Xia", "Du, Chunling", "Zhang, Yuye", "Song, Juan", "Wang, Sijiao", "Chao, Yencheng", "Yang, Zeyong", "Xu, Jie", "Zhou, Xin", "Chen, Dechang", "Xiong, Weining", "Xu, Lei", "Zhou, Feng", "Jiang, Jinjun", "Bai, Chunxue", "Zheng, Junhua", "Song, Yuanlin"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167524", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that was first reported in Wuhan, China, and has subsequently spread worldwide. Risk factors for the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia have not yet been well delineated. To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or died. Retrospective cohort study of 201 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital in China between December 25, 2019, and January 26, 2020. The final date of follow-up was February 13, 2020. Confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. The development of ARDS and death. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, management, treatment, and outcome data were also collected and analyzed. Of 201 patients, the median age was 51 years (interquartile range, 43-60 years), and 128 (63.7%) patients were men. Eighty-four patients (41.8%) developed ARDS, and of those 84 patients, 44 (52.4%) died. In those who developed ARDS, compared with those who did not, more patients presented with dyspnea (50 of 84 [59.5%] patients and 30 of 117 [25.6%] patients, respectively [difference, 33.9%; 95% CI, 19.7%-48.1%]) and had comorbidities such as hypertension (23 of 84 [27.4%] patients and 16 of 117 [13.7%] patients, respectively [difference, 13.7%; 95% CI, 1.3%-26.1%]) and diabetes (16 of 84 [19.0%] patients and 6 of 117 [5.1%] patients, respectively [difference, 13.9%; 95% CI, 3.6%-24.2%]). In bivariate Cox regression analysis, risk factors associated with the development of ARDS and progression from ARDS to death included older age (hazard ratio [HR], 3.26; 95% CI 2.08-5.11; and HR, 6.17; 95% CI, 3.26-11.67, respectively), neutrophilia (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09-1.19; and HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.17, respectively), and organ and coagulation dysfunction (eg, higher lactate dehydrogenase [HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.44-1.79; and HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.11-1.52, respectively] and D-dimer [HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04; and HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04, respectively]). High fever (\u226539 \u00b0C) was associated with higher likelihood of ARDS development (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.11-2.84) and lower likelihood of death (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21-0.82). Among patients with ARDS, treatment with methylprednisolone decreased the risk of death (HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.20-0.72). Older age was associated with greater risk of development of ARDS and death likely owing to less rigorous immune response. Although high fever was associated with the development of ARDS, it was also associated with better outcomes among patients with ARDS. Moreover, treatment with methylprednisolone may be beneficial for patients who develop ARDS."}, {"pmid": 32369649, "title": "Moral outrage in COVID19-Understandable but not a strategy.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Davidson, Patricia M", "Padula, William V", "Daly, John", "Jackson, Debra"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369649", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508193, "title": "Risk factors for mortality in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.", "journal": "Aging Male", "authors": ["Parohan, Mohammad", "Yaghoubi, Sajad", "Seraji, Asal", "Javanbakht, Mohammad Hassan", "Sarraf, Payam", "Djalali, Mahmoud"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508193", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease that was first reported in Wuhan city, the capital of Hubei province in China, and has subsequently spread worldwide. Risk factors for mortality have not been well summarized. Current meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies was done to summarize available findings on the association between age, gender, comorbidities and risk of death from COVID-19 infection.Methods: Online databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Google scholar were searched to detect relevant publications up to 1 May 2020, using relevant keywords. To pool data, random-effects model was used. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were also done.Results: In total, 14 studies with 29,909 COVID-19 infected patients and 1445 cases of death were included in the current meta-analysis. Significant associations were found between older age (\u226565 vs <65\u2009years old) (pooled ORs\u2009=\u20094.59, 95%CIs\u2009=\u20092.61-8.04, p\u2009<\u2009.001), gender (male vs female) (pooled ORs\u2009=\u20091.50, 95%CIs\u2009=\u20091.06-2.12, p\u2009=\u2009.021) and risk of death from COVID-19 infection. In addition, hypertension (pooled ORs\u2009=\u20092.70, 95%CIs\u2009=\u20091.40-5.24, p\u2009=\u2009.003), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (pooled ORs\u2009=\u20093.72, 95%CIs\u2009=\u20091.77-7.83, p\u2009=\u2009.001), diabetes (pooled ORs\u2009=\u20092.41, 95%CIs\u2009=\u20091.05-5.51, p\u2009=\u2009.037), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (pooled ORs\u2009=\u20093.53, 95%CIs\u2009=\u20091.79-6.96, p\u2009<\u2009.001) and cancer (pooled ORs\u2009=\u20093.04, 95%CIs\u2009=\u20091.80-5.14, p\u2009<\u2009.001), were associated with higher risk of mortality.Conclusions: Older age (\u226565\u2009years old), male gender, hypertension, CVDs, diabetes, COPD and malignancies were associated with greater risk of death from COVID-19 infection. These findings could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage."}, {"pmid": 32242382, "title": "Audio Interview: Lessons from Covid-19 Hotspots.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242382", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395220, "pmcid": "PMC7202347", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): a Case Report and Review of ABL Kinase Involvement in Viral Infection.", "journal": "Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Abruzzese, Elisabetta", "Luciano, Luigiana", "D'Agostino, Francesco", "Trawinska, Malgorzata Monika", "Pane, Fabrizio", "De Fabritiis, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395220", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179517, "title": "On the front lines of coronavirus: the Italian response to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Paterlini, Marta"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179517", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355424, "pmcid": "PMC7190506", "title": "Real-time forecasts and risk assessment of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cases: A data-driven analysis.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Chakraborty, Tanujit", "Ghosh, Indrajit"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355424", "countries": ["Canada", "France", "Korea, Republic of", "India", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of international concern affecting 201 countries and territories around the globe. As of April 4, 2020, it has caused a pandemic outbreak with more than 11,16,643 confirmed infections and more than 59,170 reported deaths worldwide. The main focus of this paper is two-fold: (a) generating short term (real-time) forecasts of the future COVID-19 cases for multiple countries; (b) risk assessment (in terms of case fatality rate) of the novel COVID-19 for some profoundly affected countries by finding various important demographic characteristics of the countries along with some disease characteristics. To solve the first problem, we presented a hybrid approach based on autoregressive integrated moving average model and Wavelet-based forecasting model that can generate short-term (ten days ahead) forecasts of the number of daily confirmed cases for Canada, France, India, South Korea, and the UK. The predictions of the future outbreak for different countries will be useful for the effective allocation of health care resources and will act as an early-warning system for government policymakers. In the second problem, we applied an optimal regression tree algorithm to find essential causal variables that significantly affect the case fatality rates for different countries. This data-driven analysis will necessarily provide deep insights into the study of early risk assessments for 50 immensely affected countries."}, {"pmid": 32384159, "pmcid": "PMC7239177", "title": "Effectiveness of interventions targeting air travellers for delaying local outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Clifford, Samuel", "Pearson, Carl A B", "Klepac, Petra", "Van Zandvoort, Kevin", "Quilty, Billy J", "Eggo, Rosalind M", "Flasche, Stefan"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384159", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We evaluated if interventions aimed at air travellers can delay local SARS-CoV-2 community transmission in a previously unaffected country. We simulated infected air travellers arriving into countries with no sustained SARS-CoV-2 transmission or other introduction routes from affected regions. We assessed the effectiveness of syndromic screening at departure and/or arrival & traveller sensitisation to the COVID-2019-like symptoms with the aim to trigger rapid self-isolation and reporting on symptom onset to enable contact tracing. We assumed that syndromic screening would reduce the number of infected arrivals and that traveller sensitisation reduces the average number of secondary cases. We use stochastic simulations to account for uncertainty in both arrival and secondary infections rates, and present sensitivity analyses on arrival rates of infected travellers and the effectiveness of traveller sensitisation. We report the median expected delay achievable in each scenario and an inner 50% interval. Under baseline assumptions, introducing exit and entry screening in combination with traveller sensitisation can delay a local SARS-CoV-2 outbreak by 8\u00a0days (50% interval: 3-14\u00a0days) when the rate of importation is 1 infected traveller per week at time of introduction. The additional benefit of entry screening is small if exit screening is effective: the combination of only exit screening and traveller sensitisation can delay an outbreak by 7\u00a0days (50% interval: 2-13\u00a0days). In the absence of screening, with less effective sensitisation, or a higher rate of importation, these delays shrink rapidly to less than 4\u00a0days. Syndromic screening and traveller sensitisation in combination may have marginally delayed SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in unaffected countries."}, {"pmid": 32442557, "pmcid": "PMC7236722", "title": "Lack of type 1 diabetes involvement in SARS-COV-2 population: Only a particular coincidence?", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Pitocco, Dario", "Tartaglione, Linda", "Viti, Luca", "Di Leo, Mauro", "Manto, Andrea", "Caputo, Salvatore", "Pontecorvi, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442557", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392072, "pmcid": "PMC7243427", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Polymerase and Nucleotidyl-Transferase Structures: Potential to Target New Outbreaks.", "journal": "J Phys Chem Lett", "authors": ["Zhang, Wen-Fa", "Stephen, Preyesh", "Theriault, Jean-Francois", "Wang, Ruixuan", "Lin, Sheng-Xiang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392072", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic outbreak of a new coronavirus (CoV), SARS-CoV-2, has captured the world's attention, demonstrating that CoVs represent a continuous global threat. As this is a highly contagious virus, it is imperative to understand RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp), the key component in virus replication. Although the SARS-CoV-2 genome shares 80% sequence identity with severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV, their RdRps and nucleotidyl-transferases (NiRAN) share 98.1% and 93.2% identity, respectively. Sequence alignment of six coronaviruses demonstrated higher identity among their RdRps (60.9%-98.1%) and lower identity among their Spike proteins (27%-77%). Thus, a 3D structural model of RdRp, NiRAN, non-structural protein 7 (nsp7), and nsp8 of SARS-CoV-2 was generated by modeling starting from the SARS counterpart structures. Furthermore, we demonstrate the binding poses of three viral RdRp inhibitors (Galidesivir, Favipiravir, and Penciclovir), which were recently reported to have clinical significance for SARS-CoV-2. The network of interactions established by these drug molecules affirms their efficacy to inhibit viral RNA replication and provides an insight into their structure-based rational optimization for SARS-CoV-2 inhibition."}, {"pmid": 32520750, "title": "The Role of Medical Student Government in Responding to COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Schuiteman, Sam", "Ibrahim, Nadine I", "Hammoud, Ali", "Kruger, Laura", "Mangrulkar, Rajesh S", "Daniel, Michelle"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520750", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has sown clinical and administrative chaos at academic health centers throughout the country. As COVID-19-related burdens on the health care system and medical schools piled up, questions from medical students far outweighed the capacity of medical school administrators to respond in an adequate or timely manner, leaving students feeling confused and without clear guidance. In this Perspective, incoming and outgoing executive leaders of the University of Michigan Medical School Student Council and medical school deans outline the specific ways they were able to bridge the gap between medical students and administrators in a time of crisis. To illustrate the value of student government during uncertain times, the authors identify the most pressing problems faced by students at each phase of the curriculum-preclerkship, clerkship, and postclerkship-and explain how Student Council leadership partnered with administrators to find creative solutions to these problems and provide guidance to learners. They end by reflecting on the role of student government more broadly, identifying 3 guiding principles of student leadership and how these principles enable effective student representation."}, {"pmid": 32366279, "pmcid": "PMC7197362", "title": "Genetic alteration, RNA expression, and DNA methylation profiling of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) receptor ACE2 in malignancies: a pan-cancer analysis.", "journal": "J Hematol Oncol", "authors": ["Chai, Peiwei", "Yu, Jie", "Ge, Shengfang", "Jia, Renbing", "Fan, Xianqun"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366279", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging causative agent that was first described in late December 2019 and causes a severe respiratory infection in humans. Notably, many of affected patients of COVID-19 were people with malignancies. Moreover, cancer has been identified as an individual risk factor for COVID-19. In addition, the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor of COVID-19, were aberrantly expressed in many tumors. However, a systematic analysis of ACE2 aberration remained to be elucidated in human cancers. Here, we analyzed genetic alteration, RNA expression, and DNA methylation of ACE2 across over 30 tumors. Notably, overexpression of ACE2 have been observed in including colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), rectum adenocarcinoma (READ), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In addition, hypo DNA methylation of ACE2 has also been identified in most of these ACE2 highly expressed tumors. Conclusively, our study for the first time curated both genetic and epigenetic variations of ACE2 in human malignancies. Notably, because our study is a bioinformatics assay, further functional and clinical validation is warranted."}, {"pmid": 32525705, "title": "Staying Connected In The COVID-19 Pandemic: Telehealth At The Largest Safety-Net System In The United States.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Lau, Jen", "Knudsen, Janine", "Jackson, Hannah", "Wallach, Andrew B", "Bouton, Michael", "Natsui, Shaw", "Philippou, Christopher", "Karim, Erfan", "Silvestri, David M", "Avalone, Lynsey", "Zaurova, Milana", "Schatz, Daniel", "Sun, Vivian", "Chokshi, Dave A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525705", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "NYC Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H) is the largest safety net health care delivery system in the United States. Prior to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, NYC H+H served over one million patients, including the most vulnerable New Yorkers, and billed fewer than 500 telehealth visits monthly. Once the pandemic struck, we established a strategy to allow us to continue to serve existing patients and treat the surge of new patients. Starting in March\u00a02020 we were able to transform the system using virtual care platforms through which we conducted almost 83,000 billable televisits in one month and more than 30,000 behavioral health encounters via telephone and video. Telehealth also enabled us to support patient-family communication, post-discharge follow-up, and palliative care for COVID-19 patients. Expanded Medicaid coverage and insurance reimbursement for telehealth played a pivotal role in this transformation. As we move to a new blend of virtual and in-person care, it is vital that the major regulatory and insurance changes undergirding our COVID-19 telehealth response be sustained to protect access for our most vulnerable patients. [Editor's Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the manuscript. The final edited version will appear in an upcoming issue of Health Affairs.]."}, {"pmid": 32504968, "pmcid": "PMC7262539", "title": "Medical education in the COVID-19 era: Impact on anesthesiology trainees.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Anwar, Anjum", "Seger, Christian", "Tollefson, Ashley", "Diachun, Carol Ann B", "Tanaka, Pedro", "Umar, Soban"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504968", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436998, "title": "Lack of viral transmission to preterm newborn from a COVID-19 positive breastfeeding mother at 11 days postpartum.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Perrone, Serafina", "Giordano, Maurizio", "Meoli, Antonello", "Deolmi, Michela", "Marinelli, Francesca", "Messina, Giulia", "Lugani, Paola", "Moretti, Sabrina", "Esposito, Susanna"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436998", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519963, "title": "Mental Health and Behavior During the Early Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Mobile Smartphone and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study in College Students.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Huckins, Jeremy F", "DaSilva, Alex W", "Wang, Weichen", "Hedlund, Elin", "Rogers, Courtney", "Nepal, Subigya K", "Wu, Jialing", "Obuchi, Mikio", "Murphy, Eilis I", "Meyer, Meghan L", "Wagner, Dylan D", "Holtzheimer, Paul E", "Campbell, Andrew T"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519963", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Worldwide, the vast majority of people have been impacted by COVID-19. While millions of individuals have become infected, billions of individuals have been asked or required by local and national governments to change their behavioral patterns. Previous research on epidemics or traumatic events suggest this can lead to profound behavioral and mental health changes, but rarely are researchers able to track these changes with frequent, near real-time sampling or compare these to previous years of data on the same individuals. We seek to answer two overarching questions by combining mobile phone sensing and self-reported mental health data among college students participating in a longitudinal study for the past two years. First, have behaviors and mental health changed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic as compared to previous time periods within the same participants? Second, did behavior and mental health changes track the relative news coverage of COVID-19 in the US media? Behaviors such as the number of locations visited, distance traveled, duration of phone usage, number of phone unlocks, sleep duration and sedentary time were measured using the StudentLife mobile smartphone sensing app. Depression and anxiety were assessed using weekly self-reported Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMAs) of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). Participants were 217 undergraduate students, with 178 students having data during the Winter 2020 term. Differences in behaviors and self-reported mental health collected during the Winter 2020 term (the term in which the coronavirus pandemic started), as compared to previous terms in the same cohort, were modeled using mixed linear models. During the initial COVID-19 impacted academic term (Winter 2020), individuals were more sedentary and reported increased anxiety and depression symptoms (P<.001), relative to the previous academic terms and subsequent academic breaks. Interactions between the Winter 2020 term and week of academic term (linear and quadratic) were significant. In a mixed linear model, phone usage, number of locations visited, and week of the term, were strongly associated with increased coronavirus-related news. When mental health metrics (e.g., depression and anxiety) were added to the previous measures (week of term, number of locations visited, and phone usage), both anxiety (P<.001) and depression (P=.029) were significantly associated with coronavirus-related news. Compared with prior academic terms, individuals in Winter 2020 were more sedentary, anxious, and depressed. A wide variety of behaviors, including increased phone usage, decreased physical activity, and fewer locations visited, are associated with fluctuations in COVID-19 news reporting. While this large-scale shift in mental health and behavior is unsurprising, its characterization is particularly important to help guide the development of methods that could reduce the impact of future catastrophic events on the mental health of the population. "}, {"pmid": 32522191, "title": "Coronavirus disease 19 in minority populations of Newark, New Jersey.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Okoh, Alexis K", "Sossou, Christoph", "Dangayach, Neha S", "Meledathu, Sherin", "Phillips, Oluwakemi", "Raczek, Corinne", "Patti, Michael", "Kang, Nathan", "Hirji, Sameer A", "Cathcart, Charles", "Engell, Christian", "Cohen, Marc", "Nagarakanti, Sandhya", "Bishburg, Eliahu", "Grewal, Harpreet S"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522191", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study is to report the clinical features and outcomes of Black/African American (AA) and Latino Hispanic patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalized in an inter-city hospital in the state of New Jersey. This is a retrospective cohort study of AA and Latino Hispanic patients with COVID-19 admitted to a 665-bed quaternary care, teaching hospital located in Newark, New Jersey. The study included patients who had completed hospitalization between March 10, 2020, and April 10, 2020. We reviewed demographics, socioeconomic variables and incidence of in-hospital mortality and morbidity. Logistic regression was used to identify predictor of in-hospital death. Out of 416 patients, 251 (60%) had completed hospitalization as of April 10, 2020. The incidence of In-hospital mortality was 38.6% (n\u2009=\u200997). Most common symptoms at initial presentation were dyspnea 39% (n\u2009=\u2009162) followed by cough 38%(n\u2009=\u2009156) and fever 34% (n\u2009=\u2009143). Patients were in the highest quartile for population's density, number of housing units and disproportionately fell into the lowest median income quartile for the state of New Jersey. The incidence of septic shock, acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring hemodialysis and admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) was 24% (n\u2009=\u200959), 21% (n\u2009=\u200952), 33% (n\u2009=\u200982) respectively. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were older age, lower serum Hemoglobin <\u200910\u2009mg/dl, elevated serum Ferritin and Creatinine phosphokinase levels >\u20091200\u2009U/L and\u2009>\u20091000\u2009U/L. Findings from an inter-city hospital's experience with COVID-19 among underserved minority populations showed that, more than one of every three patients were at risk for in-hospital death or morbidity. Older age and elevated inflammatory markers at presentation were associated with in-hospital death."}, {"pmid": 32125873, "title": "Relation Between Chest CT Findings and Clinical Conditions of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Multicenter Study.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Zhao, Wei", "Zhong, Zheng", "Xie, Xingzhi", "Yu, Qizhi", "Liu, Jun"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125873", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The increasing number of cases of confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China is striking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between chest CT findings and the clinical conditions of COVID-19 pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Data on 101 cases of COVID-19 pneumonia were retrospectively collected from four institutions in Hunan, China. Basic clinical characteristics and detailed imaging features were evaluated and compared between two groups on the basis of clinical status: nonemergency (mild or common disease) and emergency (severe or fatal disease). RESULTS. Patients 21-50 years old accounted for most (70.2%) of the cohort, and five (5.0%) patients had disease associated with a family outbreak. Most patients (78.2%) had fever as the onset symptom. Most patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had typical imaging features, such as ground-glass opacities (GGO) (87 [86.1%]) or mixed GGO and consolidation (65 [64.4%]), vascular enlargement in the lesion (72 [71.3%]), and traction bronchiectasis (53 [52.5%]). Lesions present on CT images were more likely to have a peripheral distribution (88 [87.1%]) and bilateral involvement (83 [82.2%]) and be lower lung predominant (55 [54.5%]) and multifocal (55 [54.5%]). Patients in the emergency group were older than those in the non-emergency group. Architectural distortion, traction bronchiectasis, and CT involvement score aided in evaluation of the severity and extent of the disease. CONCLUSION. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia have typical imaging features that can be helpful in early screening of highly suspected cases and in evaluation of the severity and extent of disease. Most patients with COVID-19 pneumonia have GGO or mixed GGO and consolidation and vascular enlargement in the lesion. Lesions are more likely to have peripheral distribution and bilateral involvement and be lower lung predominant and multifocal. CT involvement score can help in evaluation of the severity and extent of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32321857, "title": "Low risk of covid-19 transmission in GI endoscopy.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Repici, Alessandro", "Aragona, Giovanni", "Cengia, Gianpaolo", "Cantu, Paolo", "Spadaccini, Marco", "Maselli, Roberta", "Carrara, Silvia", "Anderloni, Andrea", "Fugazza, Alessandro", "Pace, Fabio", "Rosch, Thomas"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321857", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268212, "pmcid": "PMC7131471", "title": "Corona (COVID-19) time musings: Our involvement in COVID-19 pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and vaccine planning.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Shoenfeld, Yehuda"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268212", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399694, "pmcid": "PMC7216124", "title": "Acute polyradiculoneuritis with locked-in syndrome in a patient with Covid-19.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Pfefferkorn, Thomas", "Dabitz, Rainer", "von Wernitz-Keibel, Thomas", "Aufenanger, Johannes", "Nowak-Machen, Martina", "Janssen, Hendrik"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399694", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32197098, "pmcid": "PMC7270341", "title": "COVID-19 in pregnant women.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Schmid, Manuel B", "Fontijn, Jehudith", "Ochsenbein-Kolble, Nicole", "Berger, Christoph", "Bassler, Dirk"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197098", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475539, "pmcid": "PMC7250739", "title": "Re: a British Society of Thoracic Imaging statement: considerations in designing local imaging diagnostic algorithms for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Khan, T", "Lopez, T", "Khan, T", "Ali, A", "Syed, S", "Patil, P", "Hatoum, A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475539", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32195687, "pmcid": "PMC7141581", "title": "American Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology (AABIP) Statement on the Use of Bronchoscopy and Respiratory Specimen Collection in Patients with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol", "authors": ["Wahidi, Momen M", "Lamb, Carla", "Murgu, Septimiu", "Musani, Ali", "Shojaee, Samira", "Sachdeva, Ashutosh", "Maldonado, Fabien", "Mahmood, Kamran", "Kinsey, Matthew", "Sethi, Sonali", "Mahajan, Amit", "Majid, Adnan", "Keyes, Colleen", "Alraiyes, Abdul Hamid", "Sung, Arthur", "Hsia, David", "Eapen, George"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195687", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507456, "title": "The Fellowship Experience in Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology-Strategies for Applicants and Fellows to Navigate the Coronavirus Crisis.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Feinman, Jared W", "Roberts, Monique L", "Al-Ghofaily, Lourdes", "Adenwala, Adam", "Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507456", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487361, "pmcid": "PMC7243749", "title": "Breast reconstruction and the COVID-19 pandemic: A viewpoint.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Pace, Bruno Di", "Benson, John R", "Malata, Charles M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487361", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458475, "title": "Ratcheting down the virulence of SARS-CoV-2 in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Brufsky, Adam", "Lotze, Michael T"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458475", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489438, "pmcid": "PMC7259397", "title": "Spectrum of histopathological findings in coronavirus disease-19, Middle East respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Med", "authors": ["Alsaad, Khaled O", "Arabi, Yaseen M", "Hajeer, Ali H"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489438", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32088858, "pmcid": "PMC7093363", "title": "Puzzle of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (2019-nCoV).", "journal": "Protein Cell", "authors": ["Li, Jing", "Liu, Wenjun"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088858", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317180, "pmcid": "PMC7166037", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Immunosuppressed Renal Transplant Recipients: A Summary of 10 Confirmed Cases in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Zhu, Lan", "Gong, Nianqiao", "Liu, Bin", "Lu, Xia", "Chen, Dong", "Chen, Song", "Shu, Hongge", "Ma, Ke", "Xu, Xizhen", "Guo, Zhiliang", "Lu, Enfeng", "Chen, Dongrui", "Ge, Qinggang", "Cai, Junchao", "Jiang, Jipin", "Wei, Lai", "Zhang, Weijie", "Chen, Gang", "Chen, Zhishui"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317180", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have focused on populations with normal immunity, but lack data on immunocompromised populations. To evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients. A total of 10 renal transplant recipients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled in this retrospective study. In addition, 10 of their family members diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia were included in the control group. Immunosuppressant reduction and low-dose methylprednisolone therapy. The clinical outcomes (the severity of pneumonia, recovery rate, time of virus shedding, and length of illness) were compared with the control group by statistical analysis. The clinical symptomatic, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in the renal transplant recipients were similar to those of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in the general population. The severity of COVID-19 pneumonia was greater in the transplant recipients than in the control group (five severe/three critical cases vs one severe case). Five patients developed transient renal allograft damage. After a longer time of virus shedding (28.4\u2009\u00b1\u20099.3 vs 12.2\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6 d in the control group) and a longer course of illness (35.3\u2009\u00b1\u20098.3 vs 18.8\u2009\u00b1\u200910.5 d in the control group), nine of the 10 transplant patients recovered successfully after treatment. One patient developed acute renal graft failure and died of progressive respiratory failure. Kidney transplant recipients had more severe COVID-19 pneumonia than the general population, but most of them recovered after a prolonged clinical course and virus shedding. Findings from this small group of cases may have important implications for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia in immunosuppressed populations. Immunosuppressed transplant recipients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection had more severe pneumonia, but most of them still achieved a good prognosis after appropriate treatment."}, {"pmid": 32462329, "pmcid": "PMC7253229", "title": "Autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Albiol, Nil", "Awol, Rahinatu", "Martino, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462329", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515992, "title": "Challenges for Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol", "authors": ["Aman, Michael G", "Pearson, Deborah A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515992", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291080, "pmcid": "PMC7151533", "title": "Planning and coordination of the radiological response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: the Singapore experience.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Tsou, I Y Y", "Liew, C J Y", "Tan, B P", "Chou, H", "Wong, S B S", "Loke, K S H", "Quah, R C W", "Tan, A G S", "Tay, K H"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291080", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread fast and extensively around the world, with significant mortality and morbidity. As this is a respiratory infection, chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) are important imaging techniques in the work-up of this disease. Given its highly infectious nature, cross-infection within the healthcare setting and radiology departments needs to be addressed actively and prevented. We describe the response of radiology departments in Singapore to this pandemic, in terms of diagnosis, re-configuration of the department, re-organisation and segregation of staff, infection control, managerial, and leadership issues."}, {"pmid": 32525813, "title": "Renin-angiotensin system and SARS-CoV-2 interaction: underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications.", "journal": "Gen Physiol Biophys", "authors": ["Hrenak, Jaroslav", "Zorad, Stefan", "Simko, Fedor"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525813", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition supposedly increases the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2, serving as a binding site for SARS-CoV-2. Concerns arose regarding therapy with RAS inhibition during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the pharmacological restraining the classical RAS axis might be beneficial due to the reduction of deleterious effects of angiotensin II and enhancement of the anti-inflammatory angiotensin 1-7 pathway. Unless large controlled studies are performed, RAS inhibition remains the cornerstone therapy in populations with cardiovascular disorders."}, {"pmid": 32199478, "pmcid": "PMC7156226", "title": "Offline: COVID-19-a reckoning.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199478", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284614, "pmcid": "PMC7095036", "title": "Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Thevarajan, Irani", "Nguyen, Thi H O", "Koutsakos, Marios", "Druce, Julian", "Caly, Leon", "van de Sandt, Carolien E", "Jia, Xiaoxiao", "Nicholson, Suellen", "Catton, Mike", "Cowie, Benjamin", "Tong, Steven Y C", "Lewin, Sharon R", "Kedzierska, Katherine"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284614", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511846, "title": "Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19 in Dermatology.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Sadoughifar, Roxanna", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Abdshahzadeh, Hormoz", "Abrishamchi, Reyhaneh", "Rudnicka, Lidia", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Gupta, Mrinal"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511846", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478675, "title": "Headache is an important symptom in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Diagnosis (Berl)", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Mattiuzzi, Camilla", "Bovo, Chiara", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478675", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504251, "pmcid": "PMC7274516", "title": "COVID-19 and Food Insecurity: an Uneven Patchwork of Responses.", "journal": "J Urban Health", "authors": ["Kinsey, Eliza W", "Kinsey, Dirk", "Rundle, Andrew G"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32083284, "pmcid": "PMC7107562", "title": "The New Coronavirus, the Current King of China.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Plotkin, Stanley A"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32083284", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318703, "pmcid": "PMC7188120", "title": "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 26 asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pan, Yanfeng", "Yu, Xue", "Du, Xinwei", "Li, Qingqing", "Li, Xianyang", "Qin, Tao", "Wang, Miaomiao", "Jiang, Minlin", "Li, Jie", "Li, Weiguo", "Zhang, Qian", "Xu, Zhiwei", "Zhang, Lu"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318703", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We retrospectively analyzed 26 persistently asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) carriers. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics from the 26 asymptomatic patients with positive results for SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid testing were obtained. Twenty-two patients (84.6%) correlated with clustering occurrence. The median period from contact to diagnosis and the last positive nucleic acid test was 19 (8-24 days) and 21.5 days (10-36 days), respectively. The median period from diagnosis to negative nucleic acid test was significantly different between patients with normal or atypical chest computed tomography (CT) findings (n\u2005=\u200516, 61.5%; 7.5 days [2-20 days]) and patients with typical ground-glass or patchy opacities on CT (n\u2005=\u200510, 38.5%; 12.5 days [8-22 days]; P\u2005<\u2005.01). Seven patients (70.0%) with initial positive nucleic acid test results had a negative result simultaneously with improved CT findings. Obvious improvement in CT findings was observed in 3 patients (30.0%) despite positive nucleic acid test results. In asymptomatic patients, changes in biochemical and inflammatory variables are small and changes on chest CT can occur. It is worth noting that the long existence of SARS-CoV-2 in some asymptomatic patients and false-negative results need to be considered in SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test."}, {"pmid": 32332322, "pmcid": "PMC7219843", "title": "Rapid Deployment of a Drive-Through Prenatal Care Model in Response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Turrentine, Mark", "Ramirez, Mildred", "Monga, Manju", "Gandhi, Manisha", "Swaim, Laurie", "Tyer-Viola, Lynda", "Birsinger, Michele", "Belfort, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332322", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a public health emergency for the entire United States. Providing access to prenatal health care while limiting exposure of both obstetric health care professionals and patients to COVID-19 is challenging. Although reductions in the frequency of prenatal visits and implementation of telehealth interventions provide some options, there still remains a need for patient-health care professional visits. A drive-through prenatal care model was developed in which pregnant women would remain in their automobiles while being assessed by the health care professional, thus reducing potential patient, health care professional, and staff exposure to COVID-19. Drive-through prenatal visits would include key elements that some institutions cannot perform by telehealth encounters, such as blood pressure measurements for evaluation for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, fetal heart rate assessment, and selected ultrasound-based measurements or observations, as well as face-to-face patient-health care professional interaction, thereby reducing patient anxiety resulting from the reduction in the number of planned clinic visits with an obstetric health care professional as well as fear of virus exposure in the clinic setting. We describe the rapid development of a drive-through prenatal care model that is projected to reduce the number of in-person clinic visits by 33% per patient compared with the traditional prenatal care paradigm, using equipment and supplies that most obstetric clinics in the United States can access."}, {"pmid": 32525867, "title": "Towards a better world after COVID-19.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Bagshaw, Phil", "Bagshaw, Sue"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525867", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273181, "pmcid": "PMC7271211", "title": "COVID-19 in a Kidney Transplant Patient.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Wang, Junpeng", "Li, Xin", "Cao, Guanghui", "Wu, Xiaoqiang", "Wang, Zhiwei", "Yan, Tianzhong"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273181", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345701, "title": "The Immunocompromised Transplant Recipient and SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Fishman, Jay A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345701", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404431, "title": "A Case Series of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Three Febrile Infants in New York.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Feld, Lance", "Belfer, Joshua", "Kabra, Rashi", "Goenka, Pratichi", "Rai, Shipra", "Moriarty, Shannon", "Barone, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404431", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451913, "pmcid": "PMC7246964", "title": "Obesity and COVID-19: ACE 2, the Missing Tile.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Iannelli, Antonio", "Favre, Guillaume", "Frey, Sebastien", "Esnault, Vincent", "Gugenheim, Jean", "Bouam, Samir", "Schiavo, Luigi", "Tran, Albert", "Alifano, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451913", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304725, "pmcid": "PMC7159873", "title": "Environmental virus surveillance in the isolation ward of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Wang, H", "Mo, P", "Li, G", "Chen, P", "Liu, J", "Wang, H", "Wang, F", "Zhang, Y", "Zhao, Q"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209548, "title": "Covid-19: UK lockdown is \"crucial\" to saving lives, say doctors and scientists.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209548", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521358, "title": "Protocol for a partially nested randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the scleroderma patient-centered intervention network COVID-19 home-isolation activities together (SPIN-CHAT) program to reduce anxiety among at-risk scleroderma patients.", "journal": "J Psychosom Res", "authors": ["Thombs, Brett D", "Kwakkenbos, Linda", "Carrier, Marie-Eve", "Bourgeault, Angelica", "Tao, Lydia", "Harb, Sami", "Gagarine, Maria", "Rice, Danielle", "Bustamante, Laura", "Ellis, Kelsey", "Duchek, Delaney", "Wu, Yin", "Bhandari, Parash Mani", "Neupane, Dipika", "Carboni-Jimenez, Andrea", "Henry, Richard S", "Krishnan, Ankur", "Sun, Ying", "Levis, Brooke", "He, Chen", "Turner, Kimberly A", "Benedetti, Andrea", "Culos-Reed, Nicole", "El-Baalbaki, Ghassan", "Hebblethwaite, Shannon", "Bartlett, Susan J", "Dyas, Laura", "Patten, Scott", "Varga, John"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521358", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Contagious disease outbreaks and related restrictions can lead to negative psychological outcomes, particularly in vulnerable populations at risk due to pre-existing medical conditions. No randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have tested interventions to reduce mental health consequences of contagious disease outbreaks. The primary objective of the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network COVID-19 Home-isolation Activities Together (SPIN-CHAT) Trial is to evaluate the effect of a videoconference-based program on symptoms of anxiety. Secondary objectives include evaluating effects on symptoms of depression, stress, loneliness, boredom, physical activity, and social interaction. The SPIN-CHAT Trial is a pragmatic RCT that will be conducted using the SPIN-COVID-19 Cohort, a sub-cohort of the SPIN Cohort. Eligible participants will be SPIN-COVID-19 Cohort participants without a positive COVID-19 test, with at least mild anxiety (PROMIS Anxiety 4a v1.0 T-score\u202f\u2265\u202f55), not working from home, and not receiving current counselling or psychotherapy. We will randomly assign 162 participants to intervention groups of 7 to 10 participants each or waitlist control. We will use a partially nested RCT design to reflect dependence between individuals in training groups but not in the waitlist control. The SPIN-CHAT Program includes activity engagement, education on strategies to support mental health, and mutual participant support. Intervention participants will receive the 4-week (3 sessions per week) SPIN-CHAT Program via videoconference. The primary outcome is PROMIS Anxiety 4a score immediately post-intervention. The SPIN-CHAT Trial will test whether a brief videoconference-based intervention will improve mental health outcomes among at-risk individuals during contagious disease outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32236562, "pmcid": "PMC7232130", "title": "Treating COVID-19 with Chloroquine.", "journal": "J Mol Cell Biol", "authors": ["Huang, Mingxing", "Tang, Tiantian", "Pang, Pengfei", "Li, Man", "Ma, Ruolan", "Lu, Jiahui", "Shu, Jingxian", "You, Yingying", "Chen, Binghui", "Liang, Jiabi", "Hong, Zhongsi", "Chen, Huili", "Kong, Ling", "Qin, Dajiang", "Pei, Duanqing", "Xia, Jinyu", "Jiang, Shanping", "Shan, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236562", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359918, "title": "Management of Gynaecological oncology diseases during COVID-19 global pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["de Andrade Vieira, Marcelo", "Araujo, Raphael L C"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359918", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519617, "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Kidney and Liver Transplant Patients: A Single-Center Experience.", "journal": "Exp Clin Transplant", "authors": ["Akdur, Aydincan", "Karakaya, Emre", "Ayvazoglu Soy, Ebru H", "Alshalabi, Omar", "Kirnap, Mahir", "Arslan, Hande", "Ulubay, Gaye", "Hekimoglu, Koray", "Moray, Gokhan", "Haberal, Mehmet"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519617", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) was first described in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and subsequently announced as a pandemic on March 12, 2020. In several studies, solid-organ transplant recipients were reported to have higher risk for COVID-19. Here, we aimed to determine the frequency of COVID-19 in our kidney and liver transplant patients. Our study included 583 transplant patients who were admitted to our outpatient transplant clinics and emergency departments between March 1 and May 1, 2020. Seventy-four of them were liver transplant recipients (46 male, 28 female, of which 14 were pediatric and 60 were adult patients) and 509 of them were kidney transplant recipients (347 male, 162 female, of which 16 were pediatric and 493 were adult patients). We retrospectively evaluated demographic characteristics, currently used immunosuppressant treatment, present complaints, treatment and diagnosis of comorbid diseases, and results of COVID-19 tests. Of 583 transplant recipients, 538 were seen in our outpatient transplant clinics and 45 were seen in our emergency departments. Of these, 18 patients who had had cough and fever were evaluated by respiratory clinic doctors, and nasopharyngeal swab samples were taken. One kidney transplant recipient had a positive COVID-19 test; he was followed with home isolation. He received treatment with hydroxychloroquine (400 mg/day). The other 17 patients had negative tests. There were no mortalities due to COVID-19. Transplant patients also got affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the data of our centers, this effect is not much more different from the normal population. We recommend that transplant recipients should be warned in terms of personal hygiene and should be closely monitored by organ transplant centers. If there is an indication for hospitalization, they should be followed in an isolated unit, with no aggressive changes made to immunosuppressive doses unless necessary."}, {"pmid": 32498625, "title": "SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and physical distancing: risk for circadian rhythm dysregulation, advice to alleviate it, and natural experiment research opportunities.", "journal": "Chronobiol Int", "authors": ["Erren, Thomas C", "Lewis, Philip"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498625", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 leads to numerous unplanned or natural experiments with health and disease. Physical (social) distancing - a counter-measure with no alternative, but with no precedence in scope and scale either - is a key intervention and trigger of natural experiments. From a practical perspective, concerned disciplines should increase awareness of, provide recommendations to meet, and develop research for, health challenges arising from physical distancing at home. From the field of chronobiology, prolonged home stays may place undue strain on the body's circadian timing system but straightforward and often underestimated advice for coping can be provided (herein we provide such advice). Of course, advice or recommendations from other concerned disciplines that identify challenges associated with current COVID-19 mitigation strategies are also needed. From a research perspective, different disciplines should rise to the occasion and explore unsuspected natural experiment angles toward novel insights to promote health and prevent disease."}, {"pmid": 32409432, "title": "Home monitoring for COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Medina, Michelle", "Babiuch, Christopher", "Card, Michelle", "Gavrilescu, Ruthann", "Zafirau, William", "Boose, Eric", "Giuliano, Kimberly", "Kim, Alice", "Jones, Robert", "Boissy, Adrienne"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cleveland Clinic recognized the importance of mitigating community transmission of COVID-19 by keeping people at home. Patient-care activities quickly pivoted to remote touches, preserving continuity through a variety of digital and telephonic modalities. As the number of confirmed cases grew, standardizing home-based care became critical to managing high-risk patients, moderating the risk of exposure for healthcare workers, and reducing the amount of community spread through appropriate education on home-based care for exposed or infected individuals. This novel, team-based approach to caring for patients with COVID-19 incorporates a self-monitoring app for patient engagement, monitors symptoms for early intervention, and promotes a holistic view of care."}, {"pmid": 32506685, "title": "Barriers to Telemedicine Implementation in Southwest Tribal Communities During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Graves, Janessa M", "Mackelprang, Jessica L", "Amiri, Solmaz", "Abshire, Demetrius A"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355024, "title": "Call for transparency of COVID-19 models.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Barton, C Michael", "Alberti, Marina", "Ames, Daniel", "Atkinson, Jo-An", "Bales, Jerad", "Burke, Edmund", "Chen, Min", "Diallo, Saikou Y", "Earn, David J D", "Fath, Brian", "Feng, Zhilan", "Gibbons, Christopher", "Hammond, Ross", "Heffernan, Jane", "Houser, Heather", "Hovmand, Peter S", "Kopainsky, Birgit", "Mabry, Patricia L", "Mair, Christina", "Meier, Petra", "Niles, Rebecca", "Nosek, Brian", "Osgood, Nathaniel", "Pierce, Suzanne", "Polhill, J Gareth", "Prosser, Lisa", "Robinson, Erin", "Rosenzweig, Cynthia", "Sankaran, Shankar", "Stange, Kurt", "Tucker, Gregory"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355024", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462354, "title": "Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome with Features of Atypical Kawasaki Disease during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Rauf, Abdul", "Vijayan, Ajay", "John, Shaji Thomas", "Krishnan, Raghuram", "Latheef, Abdul"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462354", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a global concern of increasing number of children presenting with inflammatory syndrome with clinical features simulating Kawasaki disease, during ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The authors report a very similar case of 5-y-old boy from a COVID-19 hotspot area who presented in late April 2020 with acute febrile illness with abdominal pain and loose stools followed by shock. On examination, child had bulbar conjunctivitis and extremity edema. Initial investigations showed high inflammatory parameters, elevated serum creatinine and liver enzymes. Echocardiography showed moderate LV dysfunction and normal coronaries. Cardiac enzymes were also elevated, suggesting myocarditis. He was treated with inotropic support, respiratory support with high flow nasal cannula, IV immunoglobulins, aspirin, steroids and diuretics. RT PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was negative twice. His clinical condition improved rapidly, was afebrile from day 2, inflammatory parameters decreased, left ventricular function improved and was discharged after 6 d of hospital stay."}, {"pmid": 32506443, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 containment in complex surgical units during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Bardini, R", "Plebani, M", "Cosma, C", "Grego, F", "Ceccarini, L", "Facci, L", "Buzzi, G", "Scarpa, M"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506443", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238336, "pmcid": "PMC7124951", "title": "Global Telemedicine Implementation and Integration Within Health Systems to Fight the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call to Action.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Ohannessian, Robin", "Duong, Tu Anh", "Odone, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238336", "countries": ["Italy", "United Kingdom", "France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic, with over 720,000 cases reported in more than 203 countries as of 31 March. The response strategy included early diagnosis, patient isolation, symptomatic monitoring of contacts as well as suspected and confirmed cases, and public health quarantine. In this context, telemedicine, particularly video consultations, has been promoted and scaled up to reduce the risk of transmission, especially in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Based on a literature review, the first conceptual framework for telemedicine implementation during outbreaks was published in 2015. An updated framework for telemedicine in the COVID-19 pandemic has been defined. This framework could be applied at a large scale to improve the national public health response. Most countries, however, lack a regulatory framework to authorize, integrate, and reimburse telemedicine services, including in emergency and outbreak situations. In this context, Italy does not include telemedicine in the essential levels of care granted to all citizens within the National Health Service, while France authorized, reimbursed, and actively promoted the use of telemedicine. Several challenges remain for the global use and integration of telemedicine into the public health response to COVID-19 and future outbreaks. All stakeholders are encouraged to address the challenges and collaborate to promote the safe and evidence-based use of telemedicine during the current pandemic and future outbreaks. For countries without integrated telemedicine in their national health care system, the COVID-19 pandemic is a call to adopt the necessary regulatory frameworks for supporting wide adoption of telemedicine."}, {"pmid": 32222047, "pmcid": "PMC7169798", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: Could pigs be vectors for human infections?", "journal": "Xenotransplantation", "authors": ["Opriessnig, Tanja", "Huang, Yao-Wei"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222047", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417195, "pmcid": "PMC7227551", "title": "Pandemic Recovery Using a Covid-Minimal Cancer Surgery Pathway.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Boffa, Daniel J", "Judson, Benjamin L", "Billingsley, Kevin G", "Galetta, Domenico", "Fontanez, Paul", "Odermatt, Craig", "Lindner, Kristy", "Mitchell, Marci R", "Henderson, Cara M", "Carafeno, Tracy", "Pinto, Josephine", "Wagner, Jane", "Ancuta, Michael", "Beley, Peggy", "Turner, Anne L", "Banack, Trevor", "Laurans, Maxwell S", "Johnson, Dirk C", "Yoo, Peter", "Morton, John M", "Zurich, Holly", "Davis, Kim", "Ahuja, Nita"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417195", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has created unprecedented disruption in health care delivery around the world. In an effort to prevent hospital-acquired Covid-19 infections, most hospitals have severely curtailed elective surgery, performing only surgeries if the patient's survival or permanent function would be compromised by a delay in surgery. As hospitals emerge from the pandemic, it will be necessary to progressively increase surgical activity at a time when hospitals continue to care for Covid-19 patients. In an attempt to mitigate the risk of nosocomial infection, we have created a patient care pathway designed to minimize risk of exposure of patients coming in to the hospital for scheduled procedures. The \"Covid-minimal surgery pathway\" is a predetermined patient flow, that dictates the locations, personnel and materials that come in contact with our cancer surgery population, designed to minimize risk for virus transmission. We outline the approach that allowed a large academic medical center to create a Covid-minimal cancer surgery pathway within 7 days of initiating discussions. Although the pathway represents a combination of recommended practices, there is not data to support its efficacy. We share the pathway concept and our experience so that others wishing to similarly align staff and resources towards the protection of patients, may have an easier time navigating the process."}, {"pmid": 32286916, "title": "A Commentary on Safety Precautions for Otologic Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Saadi, Robert A", "Bann, Darrin V", "Patel, Vijay A", "Goldenberg, David", "May, Jason", "Isildak, Huseyin"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286916", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are insufficient data regarding the safety of otologic procedures in the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Given the proclivity for respiratory pathogens to involve the middle ear and the significant aerosolization associated with many otologic procedures, safety precautions should follow current recommendations for procedures involving the upper airway. Until preoperative diagnostic testing becomes standardized and readily available, elective cases should be deferred and emergent/urgent cases should be treated as high risk for COVID-19 exposure. Necessary otologic procedures on positive, suspected, or unknown COVID-19 status patients should be performed using enhanced personal protective equipment, including an N95 respirator and eye protection or powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR, preferred), disposable cap, disposable gown, and gloves. Powered instrumentation should be avoided unless absolutely necessary, and if performed, PAPR or sealed eye protection is recommended."}, {"pmid": 32334693, "pmcid": "PMC7180038", "title": "COVID-19 fault lines.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Choo, Esther K"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334693", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441844, "title": "Involvement of ADAMTS13 and von Willebrand factor in thromboembolic events in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Lab Hematol", "authors": ["Huisman, Albert", "Beun, Robert", "Sikma, Maaike", "Westerink, Jan", "Kusadasi, Nuray"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441844", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500339, "pmcid": "PMC7270158", "title": "The craniotomy box: an innovative method of containing hazardous aerosols generated during skull saw use in autopsy on a COVID-19 body.", "journal": "Forensic Sci Med Pathol", "authors": ["Hasmi, Ahmad Hafizam", "Khoo, Lay See", "Koo, Zhao Peng", "Suriani, Muhammad Uzair Ahmad", "Hamdan, Ain Nurfarahana", "Yaro, Siti Wira Md", "Arshad, Salmah", "Siew, Sheue Feng", "Ibrahim, Mohamad Azaini", "Mahmood, Mohd Shah"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500339", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During a disease pandemic, there is still a requirement to perform postmortem examinations within the context of legal considerations. The management of the dead from COVID-19 should not impede the medicolegal investigation of the death where required by the authorities and legislation but additional health and safety precautions should be adopted for the necessary postmortem procedures. The authors have therefore used the craniotomy box in an innovative way to enable a safe alternative for skull and brain removal procedures on suspected or confirmed COVID-19 bodies. The craniotomy box technique was tested on a confirmed COVID-19 positive body where a full postmortem examination was performed by a team of highly trained personnel in a negative pressure Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) autopsy suite in the National Institute of Forensic Medicine (IPFN) Malaysia. This craniotomy box is a custom-made transparent plastic box with five walls but without a floor. Two circular holes were made in one wall for the placement of arms in order to perform the skull opening procedure. A swab to detect the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was taken from the interior surface of the craniotomy box after the procedure. The result from the test using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) proved that an additional barrier provided respiratory protection by containing the aerosols generated from the skull opening procedure. This innovation ensures procedures performed inside this craniotomy box are safe for postmortem personnel performing high risk autopsies during pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32414749, "title": "Covid-19: Cases of inflammatory syndrome in children surge after urgent alert.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414749", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250959, "pmcid": "PMC7147327", "title": "Dentists' Awareness, Perception, and Attitude Regarding COVID-19 and Infection Control: Cross-Sectional Study Among Jordanian Dentists.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Khader, Yousef", "Al Nsour, Mohannad", "Al-Batayneh, Ola Barakat", "Saadeh, Rami", "Bashier, Haitham", "Alfaqih, Mahmoud", "Al-Azzam, Sayer", "AlShurman, Bara' Abdallah"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250959", "countries": ["Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the availability of prevention guidelines and recommendations on infection control, many dental practices lack the minimum requirements for infection control. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness, perception, and attitude regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and infection control among Jordanian dentists. The study population consisted of dentists who worked in private clinics, hospitals, and health centers in Jordan. An online questionnaire was sent to a sample of Jordanian dentists in March 2020. The questionnaire was comprised of a series of questions about dentists' demographic characteristics; their awareness of the incubation period, the symptoms of the disease, mode of transmission of COVID-19 and infection control measures for preventing COVID-19; and their attitude toward treating patients with COVID-19. This study included a total of 368 dentists aged 22-73 years (mean 32.9 years, SD 10.6 years). A total of 112 (30.4%) dentists had completed a master or residency program in dentistry, 195 (53.0%) had received training in infection control in dentistry, and 28 (7.6%) had attended training or lectures regarding COVID-19. A total of 133 (36.1%) dentists reported that the incubation period is 1-14 days. The majority of dentists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms and ways of identifying patients at risk of having COVID-19, were able to correctly report known modes of transmission, and were aware of measures for preventing COVID-19 transmission in dental clinics. A total of 275 (74.7%) believed that it was necessary to ask patients to sit far from each other, wear masks while in the waiting room, and wash hands before getting in the dental chair to decrease disease transmission. Jordanian dentists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms, mode of transmission, and infection controls and measures in dental clinics. However, dentists had limited comprehension of the extra precautionary measures that protect the dental staff and other patients from COVID-19. National and international guidelines should be sent by the regional and national dental associations to all registered dentists during a crisis, including the COVID-19 pandemic, to make sure that dentists are well informed and aware of best practices and recommended disease management approaches."}, {"pmid": 32006656, "pmcid": "PMC7128735", "title": "The association between domestic train transportation and novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven correlational report.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Shi", "Zhuang, Zian", "Ran, Jinjun", "Lin, Jiaer", "Yang, Guangpu", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai"], "date": "2020-02-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32006656", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449329, "pmcid": "PMC7246183", "title": "Clinical Significance of a High SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Yoon, Jin Gu", "Yoon, Jung", "Song, Joon Young", "Yoon, Soo Young", "Lim, Chae Seung", "Seong, Hye", "Noh, Ji Yun", "Cheong, Hee Jin", "Kim, Woo Joo"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449329", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can unknowingly spread the virus to several people during the early subclinical period. We evaluated the viral dynamics in various body fluid specimens, such as nasopharyngeal swab, oropharyngeal swab, saliva, sputum, and urine specimens, of two patients with COVID-19 from hospital day 1 to 9. Additional samples of the saliva were taken at 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours after using a chlorhexidine mouthwash. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). SARS-CoV-2 was detected from all the five specimens of both patients by rRT-PCR. The viral load was the highest in the nasopharynx (patient 1 = 8.41 log10 copies/mL; patient 2 = 7.49 log10 copies/mL), but it was also remarkably high in the saliva (patient 1 = 6.63 log10 copies/mL; patient 2 = 7.10 log10 copies/mL). SARS-CoV-2 was detected up to hospital day 6 (illness day 9 for patient 2) from the saliva of both patients. The viral load in the saliva decreased transiently for 2 hours after using the chlorhexidine mouthwash. SARS-CoV-2 viral load was consistently high in the saliva; it was relatively higher than that in the oropharynx during the early stage of COVID-19. Chlorhexidine mouthwash was effective in reducing the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva for a short-term period."}, {"pmid": 32361118, "title": "A spatio-temporal analysis for exploring the effect of temperature on COVID-19 early evolution in Spain.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Briz-Redon, Alvaro", "Serrano-Aroca, Angel"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361118", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which causes the COVID-19 disease, was reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. This new pathogen has spread rapidly around more than 200 countries, in which Spain has one of the world's highest mortality rates so far. Previous studies have supported an epidemiological hypothesis that weather conditions may affect the survival and spread of droplet-mediated viral diseases. However, some contradictory studies have also been reported in the same research line. In addition, many of these studies have been performed considering only meteorological factors, which can limit the reliability of the results. Herein, we report a spatio-temporal analysis for exploring the effect of daily temperature (mean, minimum and maximum) on the accumulated number of COVID-19 cases in the provinces of Spain. Non-meteorological factors such as population density, population by age, number of travellers and number of companies have also been considered for the analysis. No evidence suggesting a reduction in COVID-19 cases at warmer mean, minimum and maximum temperatures has been found. Nevertheless, these results need to be interpreted cautiously given the existing uncertainty about COVID-19 data, and should not be extrapolated to temperature ranges other than those analysed here for the early evolution period."}, {"pmid": 32340349, "pmcid": "PMC7215298", "title": "Discrimination and Social Exclusion in the Outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["He, Jun", "He, Leshui", "Zhou, Wen", "Nie, Xuanhua", "He, Ming"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340349", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper is aimed to document the observed social exclusion and discrimination in the outbreak of COVID-19 across the world and inside of China. Discrimination and social exclusion has occurred in various forms, while 25.11% of respondents overseas experienced discrimination in the breakout of COVID-19, and 90% of respondents inside of China exhibited discriminatory attitudes. The discrimination and social exclusion also lead to a range of damaging social outcomes. Thus, this is an urgent call for the inclusiveness in policy and media in the face of this public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32422427, "pmcid": "PMC7215166", "title": "Preventing problematic internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Consensus guidance.", "journal": "Compr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kiraly, Orsolya", "Potenza, Marc N", "Stein, Dan J", "King, Daniel L", "Hodgins, David C", "Saunders, John B", "Griffiths, Mark D", "Gjoneska, Biljana", "Billieux, Joel", "Brand, Matthias", "Abbott, Max W", "Chamberlain, Samuel R", "Corazza, Ornella", "Burkauskas, Julius", "Sales, Celia M D", "Montag, Christian", "Lochner, Christine", "Grunblatt, Edna", "Wegmann, Elisa", "Martinotti, Giovanni", "Lee, Hae Kook", "Rumpf, Hans-Jurgen", "Castro-Calvo, Jesus", "Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin", "Higuchi, Susumu", "Menchon, Jose M", "Zohar, Joseph", "Pellegrini, Luca", "Walitza, Susanne", "Fineberg, Naomi A", "Demetrovics, Zsolt"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422427", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have introduced steps such as spatial distancing and \"staying at home\" to curb its spread and impact. The fear resulting from the disease, the 'lockdown' situation, high levels of uncertainty regarding the future, and financial insecurity raise the level of stress, anxiety, and depression experienced by people all around the world. Psychoactive substances and other reinforcing behaviors (e.g., gambling, video gaming, watching pornography) are often used to reduce stress and anxiety and/or to alleviate depressed mood. The tendency to use such substances and engage in such behaviors in an excessive manner as putative coping strategies in crises like the COVID-19 pandemic is considerable. Moreover, the importance of information and communications technology (ICT) is even higher in the present crisis than usual. ICT has been crucial in keeping parts of the economy going, allowing large groups of people to work and study from home, enhancing social connectedness, providing greatly needed entertainment, etc. Although for the vast majority ICT use is adaptive and should not be pathologized, a subgroup of vulnerable individuals are at risk of developing problematic usage patterns. The present consensus guidance discusses these risks and makes some practical recommendations that may help diminish them."}, {"pmid": 32283215, "pmcid": "PMC7151360", "title": "False negative rate of COVID-19 is eliminated by using nasal swab test.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xie, Chaojun", "Lu, Jianyun", "Wu, Di", "Zhang, Lin", "Zhao, Hongjun", "Rao, Boqi", "Yang, Zhicong"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283215", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499385, "title": "NSAIDs for analgesia in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Herzberg, Daniel L", "Sukumaran, Harry P", "Viscusi, Eugene"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499385", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Globally, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are highly used to treat pain. With the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic, the safety of NSAIDs use has been called into question. These concerns are worthy of review. At present, there is no compelling data showing that NSAIDs worsen the severity of COVID-19 symptoms or increase one's likelihood of contracting the illness. For patients in pain and without symptoms that could potentially be attributed to COVID-19 (cough, fevers/chills, lethargy, myalgias, anosmia and so on), NSAIDs should continue to remain a viable option to provide analgesia to patients in need."}, {"pmid": 32449999, "title": "Impact of coronavirus pandemic in appointments and anxiety/concerns of patients regarding orthodontic treatment.", "journal": "Orthod Craniofac Res", "authors": ["Cotrin, P P", "Peloso, R M", "Oliveira, R C", "Oliveira, R C G", "Pini, N I P", "Valarelli, F P", "Freitas, K M S"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449999", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the impact of the coronavirus pandemic and the quarantine in orthodontic appointments, and patients' anxiety and concerns about their ongoing orthodontic treatment. Settings and sample population Patients from private dental clinics of two orthodontists that were undergoing active orthodontic treatment. An online anonymous questionnaire regarding their anxiety about the coronavirus situation, availability/acceptance to attend an appointment, among others, was answered by orthodontic patients. Descriptive statistics with percentages was performed and responses were compared between sexes, cities, and association of the feelings/level of anxiety of patients and willingness to attend an appointment, were performed with chi-square, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. The questionnaire was answered by 354 patients (231 female; 123 male) with mean age of 35.49 years. Most patients are respecting the quarantine, 44.7% related to be calm and 46.3% afraid or anxious. The level of anxiety was greater for females than males. There was significant association of the level of anxiety and the willingness to attend an appointment. The greatest concern of patients was delay in the end of treatment. The quarantine and coronavirus pandemic showed to have impact on orthodontic appointments and patients' anxiety. Patients willing to attend an orthodontic appointment presented significantly lower level of anxiety than patients that would not go or would go only in urgency/emergency. Females were more anxious than males about coronavirus pandemic, quarantine and impact on their orthodontic treatments. Delay in treatment was the greatest concern of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment."}, {"pmid": 32414641, "pmcid": "PMC7190503", "title": "The quality of the reported sample size calculation in clinical trials on COVID-19 patients indexed in PubMed.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Lee, Paul H"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414641", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345591, "title": "RECOVERY trial: the UK covid-19 study resetting expectations for clinical trials.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wilkinson, Emma"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345591", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506344, "title": "Acute intestinal ischemia in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Tech Coloproctol", "authors": ["Bianco, F", "Ranieri, A J", "Paterniti, G", "Pata, F", "Gallo, G"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506344", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403188, "pmcid": "PMC7272949", "title": "COVID-19 and the treatment of acute appendicitis in Ireland: a new era or short-term pivot?", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Kelly, M E", "Murphy, E", "Bolger, J C", "Cahill, R A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403188", "countries": ["Ireland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518152, "title": "Analyzing 2,589 child neurology telehealth encounters necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Rametta, Salvatore C", "Fridinger, Sara E", "Gonzalez, Alexander K", "Xian, Julie", "Galer, Peter D", "Kaufman, Michael", "Prelack, Marisa S", "Sharif, Uzma", "Fitzgerald, Mark P", "Melamed, Susan E", "Malcolm, Marissa P", "Kessler, Sudha Kilaru", "Stephenson, Donna J", "Banwell, Brenda L", "Abend, Nicholas S", "Helbig, Ingo"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518152", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the rapid implementation of child neurology telehealth outpatient care with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. This was a cohort study with retrospective comparison of 14,780 in-person encounters and 2,589 telehealth encounters including 2,093 audio-video telemedicine and 496 scheduled telephone encounters between 10/1/19 and 4/24/2020. We compared in-person and telehealth encounters for patient demographics and diagnoses. For audio-video telemedicine encounters, we analyzed questionnaire responses addressing provider experience, follow-up plans, technical quality, need for in-person assessment, and parent/caregiver satisfaction. We performed manual reviews of encounters flagged as concerning by providers. There were no differences in patient age and major ICD10 codes before and after transition. Clinicians considered telemedicine satisfactory in 93% (1200/1286) of encounters and suggested telemedicine as a component for follow-up care in 89% (1144/1286) of encounters. Technical challenges were reported in 40% (519/1314) of encounters. In-person assessment was considered warranted following 5% (65/1285) of encounters. Patients/caregivers indicated interest in telemedicine for future care in 86% (187/217) of encounters. Participation in telemedicine encounters compared to telephone encounters was less frequent amongst patients in racial or ethnic minority groups. We effectively converted most of our outpatient care to telehealth encounters, including mostly audio-video telemedicine encounters. Providers rated the vast majority of telemedicine encounters to be satisfactory, and only a small proportion of encounters required short-term in-person follow-up. These findings suggest telemedicine is feasible and effective for a large proportion of child neurology care. Additional strategies are needed to ensure equitable telemedicine utilization."}, {"pmid": 32505040, "title": "The end of 'cordon sanitaire' in Wuhan: the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Wan, K H", "Huang, S S", "Ko, C-N", "Lam, D S C"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505040", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473501, "pmcid": "PMC7242931", "title": "Respirators used by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 outbreak increase end-tidal carbon dioxide and fractional inspired carbon dioxide pressure.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Ozdemir, Levent", "Azizoglu, Mustafa", "Yapici, Davud"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473501", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356698, "pmcid": "PMC7231661", "title": "Quality improvement in the time of coronavirus disease 2019 - A change strategy well suited to pandemic response.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Mondoux, Shawn", "Thull-Freedman, Jennifer", "Dowling, Shawn", "Gardner, Katie", "Taher, Ahmed", "Gupta, Rakesh", "Trivedi, Sachin", "Lindsay, Heather", "Finlayson, Annie", "Berthelot, Simon", "Kwok, Edmund", "Chartier, Lucas"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356698", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464111, "pmcid": "PMC7247792", "title": "COVID-19 preparedness in Malawi: a national facility-based critical care assessment.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Sonenthal, Paul D", "Masiye, Jones", "Kasomekera, Noel", "Marsh, Regan H", "Wroe, Emily B", "Scott, Kirstin W", "Li, Ruoran", "Murray, Megan B", "Bukhman, Alice", "Connolly, Emilia", "Minyaliwa, Tadala", "Katete, Martha", "Banda, Grace", "Nyirenda, Mulinda", "Rouhani, Shada A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464111", "countries": ["Malawi"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363338, "pmcid": "PMC7195358", "title": "Hemodialysis and COVID-19: An Achilles' Heel in the Pandemic Health Care Response in the United States.", "journal": "Kidney Med", "authors": ["Weiner, Daniel E", "Watnick, Suzanne G"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363338", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370727, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 & Covid-19: Key-Roles of the 'Renin-Angiotensin' System / Vitamin D Impacting Drug and Vaccine Developments.", "journal": "Infect Disord Drug Targets", "authors": ["Cao, Zhijian", "Wu, Yingliang", "Faucon, Emmanuelle", "Sabatier, Jean-Marc"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370727", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514431, "pmcid": "PMC7273734", "title": "Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Working Party guidelines on IBD management during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "JGH Open", "authors": ["Ling, Khoon Lin", "Hilmi, Ida", "Raja Ali, Raja Affendi", "Leong, Rupert W L", "Leung, Wai Keung", "Ng, Siew Chien", "Wu, Kai Chun", "Chen, Min Hu", "Ran, Zhi Hua", "Hisamatsu, Tadakazu", "Ahuja, Vineet", "Makharia, Govind K", "Banerjee, Rupa", "Wei, Shu Chen", "Wu, Deng Chyang", "Pisespongsa, Pises", "Ye, Byong Duk", "Sollano, Jose", "Simadibrata, Marcellus", "Chuah, Sai Wei", "Ooi, Choon Jin"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514431", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, secondary to SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in high mortality and morbidity worldwide. As inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease, and most patients are on long-term immunosuppressive agents, there is understandable concern, particularly in terms of therapy. In view of this, experts in IBD across the Asia Pacific region were invited to put together recommendations based on their experience and the currently available data. In general, most IBD therapies (with a few exceptions) can be continued safely, and the general consensus is that maintaining disease control should remain the main principle of management. In addition, social distancing measures and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment should be strictly adhered to. During the current pandemic, face-to-face clinic follow ups and non-urgent procedures should be kept to a minimum."}, {"pmid": 32425297, "pmcid": "PMC7227538", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in very preterm pregnancy: experiences from two cases.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Cooke, William R", "Billett, Anne", "Gleeson, Suzie", "Jacques, Andrew", "Place, Kelly", "Siddall, Jane", "Walden, Andrew", "Soulsby, Kim"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425297", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324879, "pmcid": "PMC7188119", "title": "Non-pharmaceutical interventions used for COVID-19 had a major impact on reducing influenza in China in 2020.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Sun, Jing", "Shi, Zhanli", "Xu, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324879", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Stringent non-pharmaceutical measures to contain the COVID-19 outbreak in China also significantly reduced the spread of influenza in the winter season 2020."}, {"pmid": 32329380, "pmcid": "PMC7196919", "title": "Adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs) as a new regenerative immediate therapy combating coronavirus (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia.", "journal": "Expert Opin Biol Ther", "authors": ["Gentile, Pietro", "Sterodimas, Aris"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329380", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356777, "pmcid": "PMC7207013", "title": "Impact of Home Quarantine on Physical Activity Among Older Adults Living at Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Interview Study.", "journal": "JMIR Aging", "authors": ["Goethals, Luc", "Barth, Nathalie", "Guyot, Jessica", "Hupin, David", "Celarier, Thomas", "Bongue, Bienvenu"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Older adults and those with pre-existing medical conditions are at risk of death from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). In this period of quarantine, one of the reasons for going out is physical activity. This issue is important, as the impact of a sedentary lifestyle might be lower for children and young adults, but is far more severe for older adults. Although older adults need to stay at home because they have a higher risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), they need to avoid a sedentary lifestyle. Physical activity is important for older adults, especially to maintain their level of independence, mental health, and well-being. Maintaining mobility in old age is necessary, as it may predict loss of independence in older adults. Our first objective was to evaluate the impact of this quarantine period on physical activity programs and on the physical and mental health of older adults. Our second objective was to discuss alternatives to physical activity programs that could be suggested for this population to avoid a sedentary lifestyle. We conducted a qualitative survey using semistructured interviews with professionals (managers in charge of physical activity programs for older adults and sports trainers who run these physical activity programs) from the French Federation of Physical Education and Voluntary Gymnastics (FFPEVG) and older adults participating in a physical activity program of the FFPEVG. We followed a common interview guide. For analysis, we carried out a thematic analysis of the interviews. This study suggests that the COVID-19 epidemic has affected, before quarantine measures, the number of seniors attending group physical activity programs in the two study territories. In addition, despite the decline in their participation in group physical activities before the quarantine, older adults expressed the need to perform physical activity at home. There is a need to help older adults integrate simple and safe ways to stay physically active in a limited space. A national policy to support older adults for physical activity at home appears essential in this context. Given the results of our study, it seems necessary to globally communicate how important it is for older adults to maintain physical activity at home. We are concerned about the level of independence and mental health state of older adults after the end of quarantine if there is no appropriate campaign to promote physical activity among them at home."}, {"pmid": 32493516, "title": "The scope of mental health research in the COVID-19 Pandemic and its aftermath.", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Hotopf, Matthew", "Bullmore, Ed", "O'Connor, Rory C", "Holmes, Emily A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493516", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504463, "title": "Battling COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A Conversation with Dr. John Clemens of icddr,b.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504463", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Battling COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A Conversation with Dr. John Clemens of icddr,b."}, {"pmid": 32267613, "pmcid": "PMC7262255", "title": "Research disruptions and recovery.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Lee, M", "Brown, S", "Moug, S", "Vimalachandran, D", "Acheson, A"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267613", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314538, "pmcid": "PMC7264765", "title": "Why is Coronavirus Disease 2019 not as severe in children?-A look at type 2 alveolar cells.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Im, Daniel D"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314538", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474555, "title": "Evaluation of RdRp & ORF-1b-nsp14-based real-time RT-PCR assays for confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection: An observational study.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Alagarasu, K", "Choudhary, M L", "Lole, K S", "Abraham, Priya", "Potdar, V"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474555", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409152, "pmcid": "PMC7177095", "title": "Supporting Adolescents and Young Adults Exposed to or Experiencing Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Ragavan, Maya I", "Culyba, Alison J", "Muhammad, Fatimah L", "Miller, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409152", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334649, "pmcid": "PMC7180031", "title": "Medical students for health-care staff shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Rasmussen, Sten", "Sperling, Phillip", "Poulsen, Mathias Saby", "Emmersen, Jeppe", "Andersen, Stig"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334649", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259878, "pmcid": "PMC7235511", "title": "A case of exacerbation of psoriasis after oseltamivir and hydroxychloroquine in a patient with COVID-19: Will cases of psoriasis increase after COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kutlu, Omer", "Metin, Ahmet"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259878", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382220, "pmcid": "PMC7177084", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: A pragmatic plan for Ayurveda Intervention.", "journal": "J Ayurveda Integr Med", "authors": ["Rastogi, Sanjeev", "Pandey, Deep Narayan", "Singh, Ram Harsh"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382220", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408068, "pmcid": "PMC7204740", "title": "What about the original antigenic sin of the humans versus SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Roncati, Luca", "Palmieri, Beniamino"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408068", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443871, "title": "An Efficient COVID-19 Prediction Model Validated with the Cases of China, Italy and Spain: Total or Partial Lockdowns?", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Sanchez-Caballero, Samuel", "Selles, Miguel A", "Peydro, Miguel A", "Perez-Bernabeu, Elena"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443871", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present work develops an accurate prediction model of the COVID-19 pandemic, capable not only of fitting data with a high regression coefficient but also to predict the overall infections and the infection peak day as well. The model is based on the Verhulst equation, which has been used to fit the data of the COVID-19 spread in China, Italy, and Spain. This model has been used to predict both the infection peak day, and the total infected people in Italy and Spain. With this prediction model, the overall infections, the infection peak, and date can accurately be predicted one week before they occur. According to the study, the infection peak took place on 23 March in Italy, and on 29 March in Spain. Moreover, the influence of the total and partial lockdowns has been studied, without finding any meaningful difference in the disease spread. However, the infected population, and the rate of new infections at the start of the lockdown, seem to play an important role in the infection spread. The developed model is not only an important tool to predict the disease spread, but also gives some significant clues about the main factors that affect to the COVID-19 spread, and quantifies the effects of partial and total lockdowns as well."}, {"pmid": 32246843, "title": "The use of high-flow nasal oxygen in COVID-19.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Lyons, C", "Callaghan, M"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246843", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253180, "title": "Health surveillance during covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Calvo, Rafael A", "Deterding, Sebastian", "Ryan, Richard M"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253180", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369646, "title": "Practical Advice for Management of IBD Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A World Endoscopy Organization Statement.", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["Neumann, Helmut", "Emura, Fabian", "Bokemeyer, Bernd", "Guda, Nalini", "Tajiri, Hisao", "Matsumoto, Takayuki", "Rubin, David T"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369646", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is rapidly spreading worldwide and specific literature how to deal with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients is limited so far. Here, the World Endoscopy Organisation is providing practical advice for the management of IBD patients during the pandemic covering the diagnostic and therapeutic spectrum."}, {"pmid": 32299779, "pmcid": "PMC7195045", "title": "What Is the Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in COVID-19 Infection in Hypertensive Patients With Diabetes?", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["John, Thadathilankal-Jess", "John, Kiran"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299779", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510244, "title": "Status of a real-life cohort of patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis treated with secukinumab and considerations on the use of biological agents in the Covid-19 era.", "journal": "Expert Opin Biol Ther", "authors": ["Galluzzo, Marco", "Tofani, Lorenzo", "Bianchi, Luca", "Talamonti, Marina"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510244", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519594, "title": "Validity of teleneuropsychology for older adults in response to COVID-19: A systematic and critical review.", "journal": "Clin Neuropsychol", "authors": ["Marra, David E", "Hamlet, Kristin M", "Bauer, Russell M", "Bowers, Dawn"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519594", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: Due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the field of neuropsychology must rapidly evolve to incorporate assessments delivered via telehealth, or teleneuropsychology (TNP). Given the increasing demand to deliver services electronically due to public health concerns, it is important to review available TNP validity studies. This systematic review builds upon the work of Brearly and colleagues' (2017) meta-analysis and provides an updated review of the literature, with special emphasis on test-level validity data.Method: Using similar methodology as Brearly and colleagues (2017) three internet databases (PubMed, EBSCOhost, PsycINFO) were searched for relevant articles published since 2016. Studies with older adults (aged 65+) who underwent face-to-face and TNP assessments in a counterbalanced cross-over design were included. After review, 10 articles were retained. Combined with nine articles from Brearly's analysis, a total of 19 studies were included in the systematic review.Results: Retained studies included samples from 5 different countries, various ethnic/cultural backgrounds, and diverse diagnostic populations. Test-level analysis suggests there are cognitive screeners (MMSE, MoCA), language tests (BNT, Letter Fluency), attention/working memory tasks (Digit Span Total), and memory tests (HVLT-R) with strong support for TNP validity. Other measures are promising but lack sufficient support at this time. Few TNP studies have done in-home assessments and most studies rely on a PC or laptop.Conclusions: Overall, there appears to be good support for TNP assessments in older adults. Challenges to TNP in the current climate are discussed. Finally, a provisional outline of viable TNP procedures used in our clinic is provided."}, {"pmid": 32299148, "title": "Considerations for Obesity, Vitamin D, and Physical Activity Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Carter, Stephen J", "Baranauskas, Marissa N", "Fly, Alyce D"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the biomedical community races to disentangle the unknowns associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for causing coronavirus disease, the link between diminished immune function and individuals with obesity raises important questions about the possibility for greater viral pathogenicity in this population. Increased adiposity may undermine the pulmonary microenvironment wherein viral pathogenesis and immune cell trafficking could contribute to a maladaptive cycle of local inflammation and secondary injury. A further challenge to those with obesity during the current pandemic may involve vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. In the interest of personal and public health, we caution decision- and policy\u00a0makers alike not to pin all hope on a proverbial \"silver bullet.\" Until further breakthroughs emerge, we should remember that modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity should not be marginalized. Decades of empirical evidence support both as key factors promoting health and wellness."}, {"pmid": 32449523, "title": "Digital technology can revolutionize mental health services delivery: The COVID-19 crisis as a catalyst for change.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Taylor, C Barr", "Fitzsimmons-Craft, Ellen E", "Graham, Andrea K"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449523", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The unprecedented COVID-19 crisis presents an imperative for mental health care systems to make digital mental health interventions a routine part of care. Already because of COVID-19, many therapists have rapidly moved to using telehealth in place of in-person contact. In response to this shift, Waller and colleagues compiled a series of expert recommendations to help clinicians pivot to delivering teletherapy to address eating disorders during COVID-19. However, numerous barriers still impede widespread adoption and implementation of digital interventions. In this commentary, we aim to extend the recommendations for clinicians offered by Waller and colleagues by presenting a roadmap of the systems- and policy-level requirements that are needed. We advocate for addressing barriers associated with training, licensing, safety, privacy, payment, and evaluation, as these factors have greatly limited use of these promising interventions. We also indicate that longer-term goals should include introducing truly innovative digital mental health practices, such as stepped-care models and simultaneously providing preventive and self-management services in addition to clinical services, into the health care system. Now is the time to catalyze change and comprehensively address the barriers that have prevented widespread delivery of these efficacious digital services to the millions of people who would benefit."}, {"pmid": 32419709, "pmcid": "PMC7225704", "title": "A Case Report of Oligosymptomatic Kidney Transplant Patients with COVID-19: Do They Pose a Risk to Other Recipients?", "journal": "Transplant Proc", "authors": ["Kocak, Burak", "Arpali, Emre", "Akyollu, Basak", "Yelken, Berna", "Tekin, Suda", "Kanbay, Mehmet", "Turkmen, Aydin", "Kalayoglu, Munci"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419709", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271596, "title": "Co-infection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Influenza A: A Report from Iran.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Khodamoradi, Zohre", "Moghadami, Mohsen", "Lotfi, Mehrzad"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271596", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, a viral pneumonia known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated from China and spread very rapidly in the world. Since then, COVID-19 has become a global concern and health problem. We present four patients in this study, selected from among patients who presented with pneumonia symptoms and were suspicious for COVID-19. They were referred to the intended centers for COVID-19 diagnosis and management of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in southern Iran. Two nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal throat swab samples were collected from each patient and tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using real-time reverse-transcriptase- polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR). The samples were also tested for influenza viruses and the complete respiratory panel. In the present report, four patients were diagnosed in the starting days of COVID-19 disease in our center in southern Iran with co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus. This co-infection of COVID-19 and influenza A highlights the importance of considering SARS-CoV-2 PCR assay regardless of other positive findings for other pathogens in the primary test during the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32386752, "pmcid": "PMC7167579", "title": "Response of Chiropractic Organizations to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Report.", "journal": "J Manipulative Physiol Ther", "authors": ["Johnson, Claire D", "Little, Craig S", "Sterling, Tamara A", "Gojkovich, Scott", "Boghosian, Karlos", "Ciolfi, Michael A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this report is to describe actions by chiropractic entities during the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Large entities that support chiropractic education or practice were invited to participate in this report. Leaders of various entities were emailed an invitation. A designee who was assigned by the leader provided a brief synopsis of actions the entity had taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Only entities that responded are included in this report. Five entities agreed to participate: The Council on Chiropractic Education, Association of Chiropractic Colleges, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, and the National Chiropractic Mutual Insurance Company. Common themes included (1) recognizing the crisis and taking action, (2) establishing a safe working environment for staff so that services could continue, (3) delivering communications to stakeholders (chiropractic students, practitioners, licensing boards, and others) to guide decisions and direct actions, and (4) continuing to monitor the situation and respond as new information becomes available. These entities serve a large portion of the chiropractic profession. They have been quick to respond in a responsible, compassionate, and supportive manner to assist chiropractic licensing boards, practitioners, and students during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings are encouraging as the chiropractic profession looks to the future as it navigates changes in education and the health care environment in the months and years ahead."}, {"pmid": 32419751, "pmcid": "PMC7213032", "title": "2019-NCoV: What Every Neurologist Should Know?", "journal": "Ann Indian Acad Neurol", "authors": ["Mahajan, Nitika", "Singla, Monika", "Singh, Balveen", "Sajja, Venkatesh", "Bansal, Parth", "Paul, Birinder", "Goel, Parveen", "Midha, Rahul", "Bansal, Rajinder", "Singh, Gagandeep"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419751", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel Corona Virus pandemic beginning from Wuhan, China primarily affects the respiratory tract but its has impacted clinical practice across a range of specialities including neurology. We review the bearing of the 2019 NCoV infection on neurological practice. Neurological manifestations are less common than respiratory manifestations, yet conspicuous, affecting nearly over a third of hospitalized individuals. These may be classified in to early - headache, dizziness, hyposmia and hypogeusia and late - encephalopathy. Rarely but surely, a very small proportion of infected individuals might present with stroke. Certain neurological conditions, including cerebrovascular disease in both China and Italy and dementia in Italy predispose to infection and more severe manifestations, requiring intensive care unit admission. There is no convincing evidence that the manifestations, course and outcome of various neurological disorders is impacted by 2019 nCoV infection. Concerns of an increased risk of febrile seizures offset by a reduced frequency of infection in the paediatric age group. Individuals with multiple sclerosis might potentially experience both true and pseudorelapses. Besides a direct effect, 2019 nCoV has tremendously affected neurological care by disrupting the continuity of care and the availability of neurological medicines worldwide. Neurologists should respond to this challenge by developing and sustaining innovative methods of providing care as well as alerting the society at large to adopt measures to contain the spread of 2019 nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32408336, "title": "Proteomics of SARS-CoV-2-infected host cells reveals therapy targets.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Bojkova, Denisa", "Klann, Kevin", "Koch, Benjamin", "Widera, Marek", "Krause, David", "Ciesek, Sandra", "Cinatl, Jindrich", "Munch, Christian"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408336", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus was recently discovered and termed SARS-CoV-2. Human infection can cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has been rapidly spreading around the globe1,2. SARS-CoV-2 shows some similarities to other coronaviruses. However, treatment options and a cellular understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection are lacking. Here we identify the host cell pathways modulated by SARS-CoV-2 infection and show that inhibition of these pathways prevent viral replication in human cells. We established a human cell culture model for infection with SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolate. Employing this system, we determined the SARS-CoV-2 infection profile by translatome3 and proteome proteomics at different times after infection. These analyses revealed that SARS-CoV-2 reshapes central cellular pathways, such as translation, splicing, carbon metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism. Small molecule inhibitors targeting these pathways prevented viral replication in cells. Our results reveal the cellular infection profile of SARS-CoV-2 and led to the identification of drugs inhibiting viral replication. We anticipate our results to guide efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying host cell modulation upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, our findings provide insight for the development of therapy options for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32338155, "pmcid": "PMC7241459", "title": "Rheumotologitsts' view on the use of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Sun, Xiaoxuan", "Ni, Yicheng", "Zhang, Miaojia"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338155", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) calls urgently for effective therapies. Anti-malarial medicine chloroquine (CQ) and particularly its chemical analogue hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been recommended as promising candidate therapeutics that are now under either compassionate off-label use or clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. However, there are public concerns and disputes about both the safety and efficacy of CQ and HCQ for this new application. Given the fact that for decades HCQ has been approved as an immunomodulatory drug for the long term treatment of chronic rheumatic diseases, as experienced rheumatologists, we would like to share our thoughts in this regard and trigger a brainstorm among clinical care providers for exchanging their diverse opinions on this urgent topic."}, {"pmid": 32315201, "title": "Mobilization and Preparation of a Large Urban Academic Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Chowdhury, Junad M", "Patel, Maulin", "Zheng, Matthew", "Abramian, Osheen", "Criner, Gerard J"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315201", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32153168, "title": "[Legal liability of stomatological institutions in responding to state public health emergencies].", "journal": "Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Shen, S M"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32153168", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Crisis management in emergent public health event is a global difficult problem for researchers worldwide, which is highlighted by World Health Organization for its vital importance to public sanitation and health, life quality and survival. This article briefly analyzes and summarizes the relevant legal issues faced by stomatological institutions and workers after the emergent crisis caused by COVID-19 virus breakout in China since December 2019, so as to provide legal advises and guidance to stomatological institutions for responding public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32495920, "title": "Is visiting Qom spread CoVID-19 epidemic in the Middle East?", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Al-Rousan, N", "Al-Najjar, H"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495920", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The CoVID-19 epidemic started in Wuhan, China and spread to 217 other countries around the world through direct contact with patients, goods transfer, animal transport, and touching unclean surfaces. In the Middle East, the first confirmed case in both Iran and UAE originated from China. A series of infections since those confirmed cases started in the Middle East originated from Qom, Iran, and other Shi'ite holy places. Thereafter, CoVID-19 has been transmitted to other countries in the Middle East. This report aims to trace all of the confirmed cases in the Middle East until March 6, 2020 and their further spread. This report proves that further transmission of CoVID-19 to the Middle East was because of human mobility, besides engaging in different Jewish and Shi'ite religious rites. This report suggests avoiding several religious rites, closing the borders of infected countries, and supporting the infected countries to prevent further transmission."}, {"pmid": 32525755, "title": "A Report of the Telepsychiatric Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Patients.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Zarghami, Arman", "Farjam, Mojtaba", "Fakhraei, Bahareh", "Hashemzadeh, Kosar", "Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Hosein"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525755", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Objective:\n                    \u00a0During the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, telemedicine has been brought to the forefront of attention. This report aimed to assess psychiatric comorbidities in COVID-19 patients by utilizing telepsychiatry.\n                        Methods:\n                    \u00a0COVID-19 patients admitted in Fasa University Hospital and nonhospitalized outpatients of Fasa city were interviewed by a psychiatrist through video chat for a 1-month period (March-April, 2020). Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), and Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS 14) questionnaires were administered for all patients. Each patient's mental status was recorded, and if any psychiatric problem was diagnosed, supportive psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and follow-up visits based on the patient's condition were started.\n                        Result:\n                    \u00a0From a total of 82 COVID-19 patients who entered the study, 32 (39.03%) and 50 (60.97%) subjects were inpatients and outpatients, respectively. Moreover, 32 (39.03%) subjects were male and 50 (60.97%) were female. Insomnia seen in 24 (29.3%) patients and adjustment disorder in 13 (15.9%) patients were the most common psychiatric disorders among a total of 33 (40.2%) patients suffering from mental illness. Female and hospitalized patients presented significantly more frequent comorbidities than males and outpatients.\n                        Conclusions:\n                    \u00a0Psychiatric disorders were significantly more common in patients with hospital admission than those without and more frequent in female versus male subjects. There were no significant differences between male and female subjects with and without admission according to the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and PSS-14 scores. It was concluded that telepsychiatry in the early stages of mental problems during a catastrophic event like the coronavirus pandemic, can be an efficient instrument for the screening of psychosomatic comorbidities, so that pharmacological treatment (considering possible drug interactions with COVID-19 medications) and psychotherapeutic intervention can be optimized by psychiatrists."}, {"pmid": 32529737, "title": "Should cyclosporine be useful in renal transplant recipients affected by SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Cubillo, Beatriz", "Moreno de la Higuera, M Angeles", "Lucena, Rafael", "Valdes Franci, Elena", "Hurtado, Maria", "Calvo Romero, Natividad", "Rodriguez Moreno, Antolina", "Valencia, Daniela", "Velo, Mercedes", "Sagastagoitia Fornie, Inigo", "Sanchez-Fructuoso, Ana I"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529737", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Minimization of immunosuppression and administration of antiretrovirals have been recommended for kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with COVID-19. However, outcomes remain poor. Given the likely benefit of cyclosporine due to its antiviral and immunomodulatory effect, we have been using it as a strategy in KTRs diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. We studied 29 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who were admitted to our institution with COVID-19 between March,15- April, 24th , 2020. Mycophenolate and/or mTORi were discontinued in all patients. Two therapeutic strategies were compared: Group 1) minimization of calcineurin inhibitors (N=6); Group 2) cyclosporine-based therapy (N=23), with 15 patients switched from tacrolimus. Hydroxychloroquine was considered in both strategies but antivirals in none. Six patients died after a respiratory distress (20.6%). Five required mechanical ventilation (17.2 %), and three could be weaned. Nineteen patients had an uneventful recovery (65.5%). In group 1, 3/6 patients died (50%) and 1/6 required invasive mechanical ventilation (IVM) (16.7%). In group 2, three patients died 3/23 (12.5%). Renal function did not deteriorate and signs of rejection were not observed in any patient on the second treatment regime. In conclusion, immunosuppressant treatment based on cyclosporine could be safe and effective for KTRs diagnosed with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32122422, "pmcid": "PMC7108650", "title": "Novel coronavirus and hospital infection prevention: Preparing for the impromptu speech.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Bearman, Gonzalo", "Pryor, Rachel", "Albert, Heather", "Brath, Lisa", "Britton, Amy", "Cooper, Kaila", "Doll, Michelle", "Godbout, Emily J", "Hemphill, Robin", "Stevens, Michael P"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455534, "title": "Potential Inhibitors for Novel Coronavirus Protease Identified by Virtual Screening of 606 Million Compounds.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Fischer, Andre", "Sellner, Manuel", "Neranjan, Santhosh", "Smiesko, Martin", "Lill, Markus A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455534", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China followed by its spread around the world poses a serious global concern for public health. To this date, no specific drugs or vaccines are available to treat SARS-CoV-2 despite its close relation to the SARS-CoV virus that caused a similar epidemic in 2003. Thus, there remains an urgent need for the identification and development of specific antiviral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. To conquer viral infections, the inhibition of proteases essential for proteolytic processing of viral polyproteins is a conventional therapeutic strategy. In order to find novel inhibitors, we computationally screened a compound library of over 606 million compounds for binding at the recently solved crystal structure of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. A screening of such a vast chemical space for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors has not been reported before. After shape screening, two docking protocols were applied followed by the determination of molecular descriptors relevant for pharmacokinetics to narrow down the number of initial hits. Next, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to validate the stability of docked binding modes and comprehensively quantify ligand binding energies. After evaluation of potential off-target binding, we report a list of 12 purchasable compounds, with binding affinity to the target protease that is predicted to be more favorable than that of the cocrystallized peptidomimetic compound. In order to quickly advise ongoing therapeutic intervention for patients, we evaluated approved antiviral drugs and other protease inhibitors to provide a list of nine compounds for drug repurposing. Furthermore, we identified the natural compounds (-)-taxifolin and rhamnetin as potential inhibitors of Mpro. Rhamnetin is already commercially available in pharmacies."}, {"pmid": 32501565, "title": "An Online Clinical Exam for Fellowship Certification during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Munshi, Fadi", "Alsughayyer, Arwa", "Alhaidar, Sami", "Alarfaj, Majd"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501565", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, the world witnessed varied responses from educational institutions to the lockdown. Within the next few years, we will see the consequences of these responses. Despite the disruption at this critical time, candidates in their final fellowship training year still need to be certified and it is arguable that they should be certified faster than ever after passing the written component."}, {"pmid": 32450197, "pmcid": "PMC7243791", "title": "Extra-respiratory manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Lai, Chih-Cheng", "Ko, Wen-Chien", "Lee, Ping-Ing", "Jean, Shio-Shin", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450197", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global health threat. Although most patients with COVID-19 manifest fever and respiratory tract symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 infection may also involve other organs/systems and present with extra-respiratory manifestations, including cardiac, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, neurological, olfactory, gustatory, ocular, cutaneous and haematological symptoms. Occasionally, these extra-respiratory symptoms/signs represent the initial presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, prior to fever or respiratory manifestations. Therefore, this comprehensive review of the extra-respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 is intended to help clinicians better understand the range of clinical presentations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, allowing the consideration of COVID-19 in differential diagnoses. A screening test for SARS-CoV-2 should be performed when patients have these extra-respiratory manifestations. In addition, clinicians should be alerted to the adverse effects of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents that can mimic the extra-respiratory manifestations of COVID-19. Moreover, some extra-respiratory manifestations, such as ocular and gastrointestinal involvement, may be caused by direct invasion of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, protective measures should be taken while managing the associated clinical specimens. Finally, several extra-respiratory manifestations, such as cardiac involvement, acute kidney injury, coagulation disorders and thrombotic complications, could be associated with a poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32343118, "title": "Guidance for management of cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Surg", "authors": ["Finley, Christian", "Prashad, Anubha", "Camuso, Natasha", "Daly, Corinne", "Aprikian, Armen", "Ball, Chad G", "Bentley, James", "Charest, Dhany", "Fata, Paola", "Helyer, Lucy", "O'Connell, Daniel", "Moloo, Husein", "Seely, Andrew", "Werier, Joel", "Zhong, Toni", "Earle, Craig C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343118", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, delaying lifesaving cancer surgeries must be done with extreme caution and thoughtfulness. Modelling indicates that delays in high-risk cancer surgeries beyond 6 weeks could affect long-term outcomes for thousands of Canadians. Consequently, it is possible that postponing cancer surgery without consideration of its implications could cost more lives than can be saved by diverting all surgical resources to COVID-19. This article provides general guidance on supporting curative surgical treatment where appropriate and with available resources."}, {"pmid": 32023427, "title": "The 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): Novel Virus, Old Challenges.", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Duarte, Raquel", "Furtado, Isabel", "Sousa, Luis", "Carvalho, Carlos Filipe Afonso"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023427", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267607, "pmcid": "PMC7262171", "title": "Lessons Never Learned: Crisis and gender-based violence.", "journal": "Dev World Bioeth", "authors": ["John, Neetu", "Casey, Sara E", "Carino, Giselle", "McGovern, Terry"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267607", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic exposes underlying inequalities in our socio-economic and health systems, such as gender-based violence (GBV). In emergencies, particularly ones that involve quarantine, GBV often increases. Policymakers must utilize community expertise, technology and existing global guidelines to disrupt these trends in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic. Gender norms and roles relegating women to the realm of care work puts them on the frontlines in an epidemic, while often excluding them from developing the response. It is critical to value women's roles in society and include their voices in the decision-making process to avoid unintended consequences and ensure a comprehensive response that caters to the needs of the most vulnerable groups."}, {"pmid": 32221023, "title": "COVID-19 Global Pandemic: Options for Management of Gynecologic Cancers.", "journal": "Int J Gynecol Cancer", "authors": ["Ramirez, Pedro T", "Chiva, Luis", "Eriksson, Ane Gerda Z", "Frumovitz, Michael", "Fagotti, Anna", "Gonzalez Martin, Antonio", "Jhingran, Anuja", "Pareja, Rene"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221023", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406350, "pmcid": "PMC7267100", "title": "Preliminary reflections of CAMHS in COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Bertz, Sunnhild", "Olatoye, Oluwatobi", "O'Hanrahan, Susan", "Zaidi, Nazuk"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406350", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434826, "title": "Response to: 'Hydroxychloroquine shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic' by Mendel et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["McInnes, Iain"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434826", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483486, "pmcid": "PMC7237893", "title": "COVID-19 and surgery: Running on good will or guilt?", "journal": "Ann Med Surg (Lond)", "authors": ["Rait, Jaideep Singh", "Balakumar, Charannya", "Montauban, Pierre", "Zarsadias, Prizzi", "Iqbal, Sara", "Shah, Ankur"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483486", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405158, "pmcid": "PMC7218369", "title": "Reduced Fractionation in Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Curative-intent Radiotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Faivre-Finn, C", "Fenwick, J D", "Franks, K N", "Harrow, S", "Hatton, M Q F", "Hiley, C", "McAleese, J J", "McDonald, F", "O'Hare, J", "Peedell, C", "Powell, C", "Pope, T", "Rulach, R", "Toy, E"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405158", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525607, "title": "Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in the COVID-19 era: Primetime for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy and a lesson for the future?", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Scorsetti, Marta", "Goodman, Karyn A", "Seong, Jinsil", "Loi, Mauro", "Huguet, Florence", "Dawson, Laura A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438729, "title": "Investigation of the Impact of Infrared Sensors on Core Body Temperature Monitoring by Comparing Measurement Sites.", "journal": "Sensors (Basel)", "authors": ["Chen, Hsuan-Yu", "Chen, Andrew", "Chen, Chiachung"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438729", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many types of thermometers have been developed to measure body temperature. Infrared thermometers (IRT) are fast, convenient and ease to use. Two types of infrared thermometers are uses to measure body temperature: tympanic and forehead. With the spread of COVID-19 coronavirus, forehead temperature measurement is used widely to screen people for the illness. The performance of this type of device and the criteria for screening are worth studying. This study evaluated the performance of two types of tympanic infrared thermometers and an industrial infrared thermometer. The results showed that these infrared thermometers provide good precision. A fixed offset between tympanic and forehead temperature were found. The measurement values for wrist temperature show significant offsets with the tympanic temperature and cannot be used to screen fevers. The standard operating procedure (SOP) for the measurement of body temperature using an infrared thermometer was proposed. The suggestion threshold for the forehead temperature is 36 \u00b0C for screening of fever. The body temperature of a person who is possibly ill is then measured using a tympanic infrared thermometer for the purpose of a double check."}, {"pmid": 32361285, "pmcid": "PMC7194987", "title": "Comparing the analytical performance of three SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostic assays.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Uhteg, Katharine", "Jarrett, Junko", "Richards, Mahmia", "Howard, Craig", "Morehead, Elizabeth", "Geahr, Melissa", "Gluck, Linda", "Hanlon, Ann", "Ellis, Brandon", "Kaur, Harsimar", "Simner, Patricia", "Carroll, Karen C", "Mostafa, Heba H"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361285", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was first isolated from Wuhan city, China and within three months, the global community was challenged with a devastating pandemic. The rapid spread of the virus challenged diagnostic laboratories to rapidly develop molecular diagnostic methods. As SARS CoV-2 assays became available for testing on existing molecular platforms, laboratories devoted unprecedented energy and resources into evaluating the analytical performance of the new tests and in some cases developed their own diagnostic assays under FDA-EUA guidance. This study compares the validation of three different molecular assays at the Johns Hopkins Molecular Virology laboratory: the RealStar\u00ae SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, ePlex\u00ae SARS-CoV-2, and the CDC COVID-19 RT-PCR tests. Overall, our studies indicate a comparable analytical performance of the three assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32352314, "title": "The COVID-19 epidemic, its mortality, and the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care", "authors": ["Hens, Niel", "Vranck, Pascal", "Molenberghs, Geert"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352314", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has developed into a pandemic, hitting hard on our communities. As the pandemic continues to bring health and economic hardship, keeping mortality as low as possible will be the highest priority for individuals; hence governments must put in place measures to ameliorate the inevitable economic downturn. The course of an epidemic may be defined by a series of key factors. In the early stages of a new infectious disease outbreak, it is crucial to understand the transmission dynamics of the infection. The basic reproduction number (R0), which defines the mean number of secondary cases generated by one primary case when the population is largely susceptible to infection ('totally na\u00efve'), determines the overall number of people who are likely to be infected, or, more precisely, the area under the epidemic curve. Estimation of changes in transmission over time can provide insights into the epidemiological situation and identify whether outbreak control measures are having a measurable effect. For R0\u2009>\u20091, the number infected tends to increase, and for R0\u2009<\u20091, transmission dies out. Non-pharmaceutical strategies to handle the epidemic are sketched and based on current knowledge, the current situation is sketched and scenarios for the near future discussed."}, {"pmid": 32145323, "pmcid": "PMC7124368", "title": "Understanding the emerging coronavirus: what it means for health security and infection prevention.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Peters, A", "Vetter, P", "Guitart, C", "Lotfinejad, N", "Pittet, D"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145323", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229732, "pmcid": "PMC7179524", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 19 Infection Does Not Result in Acute Kidney Injury: An Analysis of 116 Hospitalized Patients from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Am J Nephrol", "authors": ["Wang, Luwen", "Li, Xun", "Chen, Hui", "Yan, Shaonan", "Li, Dong", "Li, Yan", "Gong, Zuojiong"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229732", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Whether the patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 would commonly develop acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important issue worthy of clinical attention. This study aimed to explore the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on renal function through analyzing the clinical data of 116 hospitalized COVID-19-confirmed patients. One hundred sixteen COVID-19-confirmed patients enrolled in this study were hospitalized in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 14 to February 13, 2020. The recorded information includes demographic data, medical history, contact history, potential comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory test results, chest computer tomography scans, and treatment measures. SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 53 urine sediments of enrolled patients was detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Twelve (10.8%) patients\u00a0showed mild increase of blood urea nitrogen or creatinine (<26 \u03bcmol/L within 48 h), and 8 (7.2%) patients showed trace or 1+ albuminuria in 111 COVID-19-confirmed patients without chronic kidney disease (CKD). All these patients did not meet the diagnostic criteria of AKI. In addition, 5 patients with CKD who were undergone regular continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) before admission were confirmed infection of SARS-CoV-2 and diagnosed as COVID-19. In addition to therapy for COVID-19, CRRT was also applied 3 times weekly during hospitalization for these 5 patients with CKD. In the course of treatment, the renal function indicators showed stable state in all 5 patients with CKD, without exacerbation of CKD, and pulmonary inflammation was gradually absorbed. All 5 patients with CKD were survived. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urine sediments was positive only in 3 patients from 48 cases without CKD, and 1 patient had a positive for SARS-CoV-2 open reading frame 1ab from 5 cases with CKD. AKI was uncommon in COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection does not result in AKI, or aggravate CKD in the COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32361209, "pmcid": "PMC7179484", "title": "Psychological impact of coronavirus outbreak on borderline personality disorder from the perspective of mentalizing model: A case report.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Chong, Seng Choi"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361209", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527570, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 in upper and lower airway samples of a laryngectomized patient: New insights and many lessons.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Gallo, Oreste", "Trotta, Michele", "Orlando, Pietro", "Maggiore, Giandomenico", "Bicci, Eleonora", "Locatello, Luca Giovanni"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527570", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468982, "title": "Old Age Psychiatry Services in the UK responding to COVID-19.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Vedavanam, K", "Garrett, D", "Davies, N", "Moore, K J"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468982", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32264791, "pmcid": "PMC7188049", "title": "Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Discovery of ACE2.", "journal": "Circ Res", "authors": ["Gheblawi, Mahmoud", "Wang, Kaiming", "Viveiros, Anissa", "Nguyen, Quynh", "Zhong, Jiu-Chang", "Turner, Anthony J", "Raizada, Mohan K", "Grant, Maria B", "Oudit, Gavin Y"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264791", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) has a multiplicity of physiological roles that revolve around its trivalent function: a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, facilitator of amino acid transport, and the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 receptor. ACE2 is widely expressed, including, in the lungs, cardiovascular system, gut, kidneys, central nervous system, and adipose tissue. ACE2 has recently been identified as the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, the infective agent responsible for coronavirus disease 2019, providing a critical link between immunity, inflammation, ACE2, and cardiovascular disease. Although sharing a close evolutionary relationship with SARS-CoV, the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 differs in several key amino acid residues, allowing for stronger binding affinity with the human ACE2 receptor, which may account for the greater pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. The loss of ACE2 function following binding by SARS-CoV-2 is driven by endocytosis and activation of proteolytic cleavage and processing. The ACE2 system is a critical protective pathway against heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction including, myocardial infarction and hypertension, and against lung disease and diabetes mellitus. The control of gut dysbiosis and vascular permeability by ACE2 has emerged as an essential mechanism of pulmonary hypertension and diabetic cardiovascular complications. Recombinant ACE2, gene-delivery of Ace2, Ang 1-7 analogs, and Mas receptor agonists enhance ACE2 action and serve as potential therapies for disease conditions associated with an activated renin-angiotensin system. rhACE2 (recombinant human ACE2) has completed clinical trials and efficiently lowered or increased plasma angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 levels, respectively. Our review summarizes the progress over the past 20 years, highlighting the critical role of ACE2 as the novel SARS-CoV-2 receptor and as the negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, together with implications for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and associated cardiovascular diseases."}, {"pmid": 32456692, "pmcid": "PMC7250282", "title": "The importance of a \"socially responsible\" approach during COVID-19: the invisible heroes of science in Italy.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Sanfilippo, Filippo", "Bignami, Elena", "Lorini, Ferdinando Luca", "Astuto, Marinella"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456692", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488318, "pmcid": "PMC7266387", "title": "Are the cutaneous manifestations during or due to SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 frequent or not? Revision of possible pathophysiologic mechanisms.", "journal": "Inflamm Res", "authors": ["Criado, Paulo Ricardo", "Abdalla, Beatrice Martinez Zugaib", "de Assis, Isabelle Carvalho", "van Blarcum de Graaff Mello, Cristina", "Caputo, Gabriela Cacciolari", "Vieira, Ingrid Campos"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488318", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-Cov-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus, a Betacoronavirus, composed of 16 non-structural proteins, with specific roles in replication of coronaviruses. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not yet fully understood. The virus and host factors interplay among distinct outcomes of infected patients. Using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) in PubMed, authors searched for articles cotaining information on COVID-19 and the skin. The pathophysiology of the disease is multifactorial: association with innate immune response, hypercoagulability state, lung tissue damage, neurological and/or gastrointestinal tract involvement, monocytic/macrophage activation syndrome, culminating in exaggerated cytokine secretion, called \"cytokine storm\", which leads to worsening and death. These systemic conditions may be associated with cutaneous lesions, that have polymorphic aspects, where at histopathological level show involvement in different skin changes. These lesions may be associated with multisystemic manifestations that could occur due to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and transmembrane serine protease action, allowing the pulmonary infection and possibly skin manifestation. Several reports in literature show cutaneous lesions similar to chilblain, urticarial eruptions, diffuse or disseminated erythema, livedo racemosa, blue toe syndrome, retiform purpura, vesicle trunk, purpuric exanthema or exanthema with clinical aspects of symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) and others. This review describes the complexity of Covid-19, pathophysiological and clinical aspects, dermatological finding and other dermatological conditions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32167525, "title": "From Containment to Mitigation of COVID-19 in the US.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Parodi, Stephen M", "Liu, Vincent X"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167525", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425305, "pmcid": "PMC7232076", "title": "Is the anti-filarial drug diethylcarbamazine useful to treat COVID-19 ?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Abeygunasekera, Anuruddha", "Jayasinghe, Saroj"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425305", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32525549, "title": "Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Fecal Viral Shedding in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Parasa, Sravanthi", "Desai, Madhav", "Thoguluva Chandrasekar, Viveksandeep", "Patel, Harsh K", "Kennedy, Kevin F", "Roesch, Thomas", "Spadaccini, Marco", "Colombo, Matteo", "Gabbiadini, Roberto", "Artifon, Everson L A", "Repici, Alessandro", "Sharma, Prateek"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525549", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic and can involve the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including symptoms like diarrhea and shedding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in feces. To provide a pooled estimate of GI symptoms, liver enzyme levels outside reference ranges, and fecal tests positive for SARS-CoV-2 among patients with COVID-19. An electronic literature search was performed for published (using MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase) and preprint (using bioRxiv and medRxiv) studies of interest conducted from November 1, 2019, to March 30, 2020. Search terms included \"COVID-19,\" \"SARS-Cov-2,\" and/or \"novel coronavirus.\" Eligible studies were those including patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who reported GI symptoms. Data on patients with GI symptoms (ie, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting), liver enzyme level changes, and fecal shedding of virus were extracted. Quality of studies was examined using methodological index for nonrandomized studies. Pooled estimates (%) were reported with 95% CIs with level of heterogeneity (I2). Study and patient characteristics with pooled detection rates for diarrhea, nausea or vomiting, liver enzyme levels outside reference ranges, and SARS-CoV-2 positivity in feces tests were analyzed. Of 1484 records reviewed, 23 published and 6 preprint studies were included in the analysis, with a total of 4805 patients (mean [SD] age, 52.2 [14.8] years; 1598 [33.2%] women) with COVID-19. The pooled rates were 7.4% (95% CI, 4.3%-12.2%) of patients reporting diarrhea and 4.6% (95% CI, 2.6%-8.0%) of patients reporting nausea or vomiting. The pooled rate for aspartate aminotransferase levels outside reference ranges was 20% (95% CI, 15.3%-25.6%) of patients, and the pooled rate for alanine aminotransferase levels outside reference ranges was 14.6% (95% CI, 12.8%-16.6%) of patients. Fecal tests that were positive for SARS-CoV-2 were reported in 8 studies, and viral RNA shedding was detected in feces in 40.5% (95% CI, 27.4%-55.1%) of patients. There was high level of heterogeneity (I2\u2009=\u200994%), but no statistically significant publication bias noted. These findings suggest that that 12% of patients with COVID-19 will manifest GI symptoms; however, SAR-CoV-2 shedding was observed in 40.5% of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. This highlights the need to better understand what measures are needed to prevent further spread of this highly contagious pathogen."}, {"pmid": 32383189, "pmcid": "PMC7267426", "title": "Re: Chilblain-like lesions on feet and hands during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["El-Azhary, Rokea"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383189", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531001, "title": "Challenges of pancreatic cancer chemotherapy in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Gastrointestin Liver Dis", "authors": ["Vidra, Radu", "Bodea, Raluca", "Mercea, Voicu", "Nemes, Adina"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531001", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533669, "title": "Hospital Pharmacy in the multidisciplinary team of COVID inpatient units.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Gil-Navarro, Maria Victoria", "Luque-Marquez, Rafael"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533669", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the implementation of the Antimicrobial Therapy Optimization Programme,\u00a0hospital pharmacy specialists have collaborated with infectious\u00a0disease specialists on a regular basis in most hospitals in Spain.\u00a0 Cooperation\u00a0between these professionals ensures the integrated management of\u00a0patients with infectious diseases and the appropriate use of antimicrobials\u00a0in\u00a0 hospitals.\u00a0The COVID-19 pandemic forced hospital pharmacists to abruptly\u00a0 suspend\u00a0all their structured activities and concentrate on the health crisis.\u00a0 Realtime\u00a0information sharing between different medicine specialties is an\u00a0 effective\u00a0strategy to generate and maintain treatment protocols adapted to each\u00a0center, with continuous evidence-based modifications as new publications\u00a0appear.\u00a0Hospital pharmacies had to reorganize their activities to\u00a0 respond to the\u00a0pandemic. On the one side were patients with COVID-19, and on\u00a0 the other\u00a0were routine hospital pharmacy tasks, with the added difficulty of\u00a0 adapting\u00a0to individual protection measures. New communication and\u00a0 collaboration\u00a0strategies were adopted. Protocols were established for the\u00a0 management\u00a0of COVID-19 patients, with continuous changes; special\u00a0 medications had\u00a0to be prepared and distributed; circuits were designed for the\u00a0 home- or institution-based care of patients; internal circuits were created to\u00a0 minimize the\u00a0movements of hospital staff and professionals caring for COVID-19\u00a0 patients.\u00a0The most effective antiviral drug and anti inflammatory therapy\u00a0 remains\u00a0elusive. In this scenario, hospital pharmacists emerge as a key player,\u00a0 as\u00a0they have a deep understanding of the mechanisms of action of drugs and\u00a0 potential interactions. In a setting where experimental drugs preferably tested in clinical trials are being used, the role of hospital pharmacists in interdisciplinary\u00a0 teams has become essential for the optimization of clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32458250, "pmcid": "PMC7249978", "title": "Keep \"time is brain,\" even in the crisis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Kwon, Doo Hyuk", "Kim, Keun Tae"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504604, "pmcid": "PMC7267800", "title": "Improved safety of endoscopic vessel harvesting during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Ali Hassan, Syed M", "Palacios, Camila Mayorga", "Ethier, Tarrah", "Bisleri, Gianluigi"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504604", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated that operating room procedures be modified to ensure the safety of staff and patients. Specifically, procedures that have the potential to create aerosolization must be reassessed, given the risk of viral transmission via aerosolization. We present the use of a non-sealed endoscopic vessel harvesting(EVH) approach during coronary surgery that does not necessitate the use of CO2 insufflation and utilizes suction through an ultra low particulate filter, thus mitigating the risk of possible viral transmission via aerosolization or surgical smoke production. This approach is technically feasible and can minimize the risk of viral transmission during EVH."}, {"pmid": 32347112, "title": "The Effects of the COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Outbreak on Otolaryngology Activity in Italy.", "journal": "Ear Nose Throat J", "authors": ["Ralli, Massimo", "Greco, Antonio", "de Vincentiis, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347112", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic during the first months of 2020 is causing profound changes in worldwide health care systems, resulting in a major reduction of surgical interventions and routine non-urgent outpatient diagnostic procedures. The lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, one of the most affected countries in Europe, is having severe effects on the otolaryngology medical and surgical activities. The main changes are represented by the postponement of outpatient visits and scheduled surgery, while the only guaranteed service is reserved to diagnostics and surgery for oncology and urgent patients. In these cases, given the sites of action typical of the otolaryngology practice, physicians and nurses are exposed to a high risk of contagion through virus aerosol transmission. Furthermore, as the current measures of lockdown continue, it will be difficult to perform scheduled and new diagnostic assessments, medical treatments and surgical procedures in a timely manner favoring the risk of diagnostic and therapeutic delays with severe impact on patients' health."}, {"pmid": 32290348, "title": "COVID-19: A Brief Overview of the Discovery Clinical Trial.", "journal": "Pharmaceuticals (Basel)", "authors": ["Vanden Eynde, Jean Jacques"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290348", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 is leading to a tremendous search for curative treatments. The urgency of the situation favors a repurposing of active drugs but not only antivirals. This short communication focuses on four treatments recommended by WHO and included in the first clinical trial of the European Discovery project."}, {"pmid": 32183934, "pmcid": "PMC7078824", "title": "Post-discharge surveillance and positive virus detection in two medical staff recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), China, January to February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Xing, Yuanyuan", "Mo, Pingzheng", "Xiao, Yu", "Zhao, Oiu", "Zhang, Yongxi", "Wang, Fan"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183934", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, 62 medical staff of Zhongnan Hospital in Wuhan, China have been hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019. During the post-discharge surveillance after clinical recovery, swabs were positive in two asymptomatic cases (3.23%). Case 1 had presented typical clinical and radiological manifestations on admission, while manifestation in Case 2 was very mild. In conclusion, a small proportion of recovered patients may test positive after discharge, and post-discharge surveillance and isolation need to be strengthened."}, {"pmid": 32250505, "pmcid": "PMC7228382", "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Characteristics in children and considerations for dentists providing their care.", "journal": "Int J Paediatr Dent", "authors": ["Mallineni, Sreekanth Kumar", "Innes, Nicola P", "Raggio, Daniela Procida", "Araujo, Mariana Pinheiro", "Robertson, Mark D", "Jayaraman, Jayakumar"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250505", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to a global pandemic and one of the most significant challenges to the healthcare profession. Dental practices are focal points for cross-infection, and care must be taken to minimise the risk of infection to, from, or between dental care professionals and patients. The COVID-19 epidemiological and clinical characteristics are still being collated but children's symptoms seem to be milder than those that adults experience. It is unknown whether certain groups, for example children with comorbidities, might be at a higher risk of more severe illness. Emerging data on disease spread in children, affected by COVID-19, have not been presented in detail. The purpose of this article was to report current data on the paediatric population affected with COVID-19 and highlight considerations for dentists providing care for children during this pandemic. All members of the dental team have a professional responsibility to keep themselves informed of current guidance and be vigilant in updating themselves as recommendations are changing so quickly."}, {"pmid": 32424327, "pmcid": "PMC7232062", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) and colonization of ocular tissues and secretions: a systematic review.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Aiello, Francesco", "Gallo Afflitto, Gabriele", "Mancino, Raffaele", "Li, Ji-Peng Olivia", "Cesareo, Massimo", "Giannini, Clarissa", "Nucci, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424327", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been described to potentially be complicated by ocular involvement. However, scant information is available regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and ocular structures tropism. We conducted a systematic review of articles referenced in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR) from December 20, 2019 to April 6, 2020, providing information on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal sac, and tears. We excluded ongoing clinical \u00a0studies as for unobtainable conclusive results. Of 2422 articles, 11 met the inclusion criteria for analysis and were included in the study. None of the studies were multinational. Among the 11 selected papers there were three original articles, one review, four letters, two editorials, and one correspondence letter. Globally, 252 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were included in our review. The prevalence of ocular conjunctivitis complicating the course of COVID-19 was demonstrated to be as high as 32% in one study only. Globally, three patients had conjunctivitis with a positive tear-PCR, 8 patients had positive tear-PCR in the absence of conjunctivitis, and 14 had conjunctivitis with negative tear-PCR. The majority of the available data regarding SARS-CoV-2 colonization of ocular and periocular tissues and secretions have to be considered controversial. However, it cannot be excluded that SARS-CoV-2 could both infect the eye and the surrounding structures. SARS-CoV-2 may use ocular structure as an additional transmission route, as demonstrated by the COVID-19 patients' conjunctival secretion and tears positivity to reverse transcriptase-PCR SARS-CoV-2-RNA assay."}, {"pmid": 32457055, "title": "Covid-19: Japan ends state of emergency but warns of \"new normal\".", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Looi, Mun-Keat"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457055", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418732, "pmcid": "PMC7211694", "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during pregnancy: What do we know?", "journal": "Therapie", "authors": ["Lacroix, Isabelle", "Benevent, Justine", "Damase-Michel, Christine"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418732", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329971, "pmcid": "PMC7200056", "title": "Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Arons, Melissa M", "Hatfield, Kelly M", "Reddy, Sujan C", "Kimball, Anne", "James, Allison", "Jacobs, Jesica R", "Taylor, Joanne", "Spicer, Kevin", "Bardossy, Ana C", "Oakley, Lisa P", "Tanwar, Sukarma", "Dyal, Jonathan W", "Harney, Josh", "Chisty, Zeshan", "Bell, Jeneita M", "Methner, Mark", "Paul, Prabasaj", "Carlson, Christina M", "McLaughlin, Heather P", "Thornburg, Natalie", "Tong, Suxiang", "Tamin, Azaibi", "Tao, Ying", "Uehara, Anna", "Harcourt, Jennifer", "Clark, Shauna", "Brostrom-Smith, Claire", "Page, Libby C", "Kay, Meagan", "Lewis, James", "Montgomery, Patty", "Stone, Nimalie D", "Clark, Thomas A", "Honein, Margaret A", "Duchin, Jeffrey S", "Jernigan, John A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329971", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can spread rapidly within skilled nursing facilities. After identification of a case of Covid-19 in a skilled nursing facility, we assessed transmission and evaluated the adequacy of symptom-based screening to identify infections in residents. We conducted two serial point-prevalence surveys, 1 week apart, in which assenting residents of the facility underwent nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal testing for SARS-CoV-2, including real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), viral culture, and sequencing. Symptoms that had been present during the preceding 14 days were recorded. Asymptomatic residents who tested positive were reassessed 7 days later. Residents with SARS-CoV-2 infection were categorized as symptomatic with typical symptoms (fever, cough, or shortness of breath), symptomatic with only atypical symptoms, presymptomatic, or asymptomatic. Twenty-three days after the first positive test result in a resident at this skilled nursing facility, 57 of 89 residents (64%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among 76 residents who participated in point-prevalence surveys, 48 (63%) tested positive. Of these 48 residents, 27 (56%) were asymptomatic at the time of testing; 24 subsequently developed symptoms (median time to onset, 4 days). Samples from these 24 presymptomatic residents had a median rRT-PCR cycle threshold value of 23.1, and viable virus was recovered from 17 residents. As of April 3, of the 57 residents with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 11 had been hospitalized (3 in the intensive care unit) and 15 had died (mortality, 26%). Of the 34 residents whose specimens were sequenced, 27 (79%) had sequences that fit into two clusters with a difference of one nucleotide. Rapid and widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was demonstrated in this skilled nursing facility. More than half of residents with positive test results were asymptomatic at the time of testing and most likely contributed to transmission. Infection-control strategies focused solely on symptomatic residents were not sufficient to prevent transmission after SARS-CoV-2 introduction into this facility."}, {"pmid": 32491178, "title": "The issue of recurrently positive patients who recovered from COVID-19 according to the current discharge criteria: investigation of patients from multiple medical institutions in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zou, You", "Wang, Bin-Ru", "Sun, Liu", "Xu, Shan", "Kong, Yong-Gang", "Shen, Li-Jun", "Liang, Geng-Tian", "Chen, Shi-Ming"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491178", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current discharge criteria\u00a0for COVID-19\u00a0require that patients have\u00a0two consecutive negative\u00a0results for RT-PCR\u00a0detection. Here, we observed that recurrently positive RT-PCR test results in patients with three consecutive negative results (3xNegRPos, 5.4%) were significantly decreased compared with those in patients with two consecutive negative results (2xNegRPos, 20.6%); such patients reported positive RT-PCR test results within 1 to 12 days\u00a0after meeting the discharge criteria. These results confirmed that\u00a0many\u00a0recovered patients could show a positive\u00a0RT-PCR test result, and most of these patients could be identified by an additional RT-PCR test prior to discharge."}, {"pmid": 32401867, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on Brazilian mental health through vicarious traumatization.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Serafim, Antonio de P", "Goncalves, Priscila D", "Rocca, Cristiana C", "Lotufo Neto, Francisco"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401867", "countries": ["Brazil"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491306, "title": "The different tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19 - A review in Brazil so far.", "journal": "JBRA Assist Reprod", "authors": ["Laureano, Ana Flavia Santarine", "Riboldi, Marcia"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491306", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus from the coronavirus family that emerged in the end of December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The virus is now widespread and causing the current pandemic of COVID-19, a highly pathogenic viral pneumonia, commonly presented with fever and cough, which frequently lead to lower respiratory tract disease with poor clinical outcomes associated with older age and underlying health conditions. Supportive care for patients is typically the standard protocol because no specific effective antiviral therapies have been identified so far. The current outbreak is challenging governments and health authorities all over the world. In here we present a comparison among the current diagnostic tools and kits being used to test Brazilian population."}, {"pmid": 32405664, "pmcid": "PMC7220612", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as potential treatments for COVID-19; clinical status impacts the outcome.", "journal": "J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn", "authors": ["Okour, Malek", "Al-Kofahi, Mahmoud", "Austin, Daren"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405664", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517796, "title": "Potential benefit of angiotensin II in COVID-19 patients: beyond reasonable doubt?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Tralhao, Antonio", "Moita, Luis Ferreira", "Povoa, Pedro"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517796", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437575, "pmcid": "PMC7243089", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019) Infection Among Health Care Workers and Implications for Prevention Measures in a Tertiary Hospital in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Lai, Xiaoquan", "Wang, Minghuan", "Qin, Chuan", "Tan, Li", "Ran, Lusen", "Chen, Daiqi", "Zhang, Han", "Shang, Ke", "Xia, Chen", "Wang, Shaokang", "Xu, Shabei", "Wang, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437575", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health care workers (HCWs) have high infection risk owing to treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, research on their infection risk and clinical characteristics is limited. To explore infection risk and clinical characteristics of HCWs with COVID-19 and to discuss possible prevention measures. This single-center case series included 9684 HCWs in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. Data were collected from January 1 to February 9, 2020. Confirmed COVID-19. Exposure, epidemiological, and demographic information was collected by a structured questionnaire. Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic information was collected from electronic medical records. A total of 335 medical staff were randomly sampled to estimate the prevalence of subclinical infection among a high-risk, asymptomatic population. Samples from surfaces in health care settings were also collected. Overall, 110 of 9684 HCWs in Tongji Hospital tested positive for COVID-19, with an infection rate of 1.1%. Of them, 70 (71.8%) were women, and they had a median (interquartile range) age of 36.5 (30.0-47.0) years. Seventeen (15.5%) worked in fever clinics or wards, indicating an infection rate of 0.5% (17 of 3110) among first-line HCWs. A total of 93 of 6574 non-first-line HCWs (1.4%) were infected. Non-first-line nurses younger than 45 years were more likely to be infected compared with first-line physicians aged 45 years or older (incident rate ratio, 16.1; 95% CI, 7.1-36.3; P\u2009<\u2009.001). The prevalence of subclinical infection was 0.74% (1 of 135) among asymptomatic first-line HCWs and 1.0% (2 of 200) among non-first-line HCWs. No environmental surfaces tested positive. Overall, 93 of 110 HCWs (84.5%) with COVID-19 had nonsevere disease, while 1 (0.9%) died. The 5 most common symptoms were fever (67 [60.9%]), myalgia or fatigue (66 [60.0%]), cough (62 [56.4%]), sore throat (55 [50.0%]), and muscle ache (50 [45.5%]). Contact with indexed patients (65 [59.1%]) and colleagues with infection (12 [10.9%]) as well as community-acquired infection (14 [12.7%]) were the main routes of exposure for HCWs. In this case series, most infections among HCWs occurred during the early stage of disease outbreak. That non-first-line HCWs had a higher infection rate than first-line HCWs differed from observation of previous viral disease epidemics. Rapid identification of staff with potential infection and routine screening among asymptomatic staff could help protect HCWs."}, {"pmid": 32196430, "pmcid": "PMC7172701", "title": "Laboratory diagnosis of emerging human coronavirus infections - the state of the art.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Loeffelholz, Michael J", "Tang, Yi-Wei"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196430", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The three unprecedented outbreaks of emerging human coronavirus (HCoV) infections at the beginning of the twenty-first century have highlighted the necessity for readily available, accurate and fast diagnostic testing methods. The laboratory diagnostic methods for human coronavirus infections have evolved substantially, with the development of novel assays as well as the availability of updated tests for emerging ones. Newer laboratory methods are fast, highly sensitive and specific, and are gradually replacing the conventional gold standards. This presentation reviews the current laboratory methods available for testing coronaviruses by focusing on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak going on in Wuhan. Viral pneumonias typically do not result in the production of purulent sputum. Thus, a nasopharyngeal swab is usually the collection method used to obtain a specimen for testing. Nasopharyngeal specimens may miss some infections; a deeper specimen may need to be obtained by bronchoscopy. Alternatively, repeated testing can be used because over time, the likelihood of the SARS-CoV-2 being present in the nasopharynx increases. Several integrated, random-access, point-of-care molecular devices are currently under development for fast and accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections. These assays are simple, fast and safe and can be used in the local hospitals and clinics bearing the burden of identifying and treating patients."}, {"pmid": 32531079, "title": "Urticaria in the times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kaushik, Akanksha", "Parsad, Davinder", "Kumaran, Muthu Sendhil"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531079", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396773, "pmcid": "PMC7256354", "title": "Truncated human angiotensin converting enzyme 2; a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and potent COVID-19 therapeutic agent.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Basit, Abdul", "Ali, Tanveer", "Rehman, Shafiq Ur"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396773", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of Covid-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is continued to spread globally and no potential drug or vaccine against it is available. Spike (S) glycoprotein is the structural protein of SARS-CoV-2 located on the envelope surface, involve in interaction with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a cell surface receptor, followed by entry into the host cell. Thereby, blocking the S glycoprotein through potential inhibitor may interfere its interaction with ACE2 and impede its entry into the host cell. Here, we present a truncated version of human ACE2 (tACE2), comprising the N terminus region of the intact ACE2 from amino acid position 21-119, involved in binding with receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. We analyzed the in-silico potential of tACE2 to compete with intact ACE2 for binding with RBD. The protein-protein docking and molecular dynamic simulation showed that tACE2 has higher binding affinity for RBD and form more stabilized complex with RBD than the intact ACE2. Furthermore, prediction of tACE2 soluble expression in E. coli makes it a suitable candidate to be targeted for Covid-19 therapeutics. This is the first MD simulation based findings to provide a high affinity protein inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2\u2009S glycoprotein, an important target for drug designing against this unprecedented challenge.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32312738, "title": "Contraception in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Glob Health Sci Pract", "authors": ["Nanda, Kavita", "Lebetkin, Elena", "Steiner, Markus J", "Yacobson, Irina", "Dorflinger, Laneta J"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312738", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338052, "title": "Caution: Wit and Humor During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Foot Ankle Int", "authors": ["Chiodo, Christopher P", "Broughton, Kimberly K", "Michalski, Max P"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338052", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372817, "pmcid": "PMC7195033", "title": "Concerns over UK advice.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Adam, David"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372817", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Key scientific data and advice to the UK government won't be published until the coronavirus pandemic ends, reports David Adam."}, {"pmid": 32467809, "pmcid": "PMC7250521", "title": "Successful Conservative Management of Acute Appendicitis in a Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patient.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Suwanwongse, Kulachanya", "Shabarek, Nehad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467809", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Appendectomy is the gold standard of treatment for acute appendicitis; however, recent evidence suggests conservative management with intravenous antibiotics may provide similar outcomes and can be used as an alternative in selected patients. Performing appendectomy in acute appendicitis patients with 2019 novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)\u00a0is challenging, as it involves considerable operative risks for the patients and risks for health care professionals (HCPs) exposed to COVID-19. Medical management eliminates the morbidity and mortality associated with surgery but involves significant risks of treatment failures that, in turn, may lead to perforation, peritonitis, and death.\u00a0We are reporting a case of a middle-aged man with multiple co-morbidities, who was diagnosed with COVID-19 and acute appendicitis. Our patient received intravenous antibiotics for seven days with a significant improvement in symptoms. Our case report illustrates the implementation of successful conservative treatment for acute appendicitis in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32138266, "pmcid": "PMC7084229", "title": "Potential Factors Influencing Repeated SARS Outbreaks in China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Sun, Zhong", "Thilakavathy, Karuppiah", "Kumar, S Suresh", "He, Guozhong", "Liu, Shi V"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32138266", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Within last 17 years two widespread epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in China, which were caused by related coronaviruses (CoVs): SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Although the origin(s) of these viruses are still unknown and their occurrences in nature are mysterious, some general patterns of their pathogenesis and epidemics are noticeable. Both viruses utilize the same receptor-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-for invading human bodies. Both epidemics occurred in cold dry winter seasons celebrated with major holidays, and started in regions where dietary consumption of wildlife is a fashion. Thus, if bats were the natural hosts of SARS-CoVs, cold temperature and low humidity in these times might provide conducive environmental conditions for prolonged viral survival in these regions concentrated with bats. The widespread existence of these bat-carried or -released viruses might have an easier time in breaking through human defenses when harsh winter makes human bodies more vulnerable. Once succeeding in making some initial human infections, spreading of the disease was made convenient with increased social gathering and holiday travel. These natural and social factors influenced the general progression and trajectory of the SARS epidemiology. However, some unique factors might also contribute to the origination of SARS in Wuhan. These factors are discussed in different scenarios in order to promote more research for achieving final validation."}, {"pmid": 32395962, "title": "[Rational use of respiratory protective equipment: advice for health care professionals in time of COVID-19].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Voss, Andreas", "Martens, Liesbeth", "van Mansfeld, Rosa", "Hopman, Joost", "Veldkamp, Karin Ellen", "Wertheim, Heiman", "Kluytmans, Jan"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395962", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has led to a worldwide shortage of respiratory protective equipment. In order to offer maximum protection against infection for all healthcare workers, we need to optimise our use of the available equipment. This article provides practical advice on which type of mask is indicated in what specific situation, what requirements the mask should meet and how to optimise the local workflow, including the re-use of masks after decontamination."}, {"pmid": 32437576, "pmcid": "PMC7243090", "title": "Prevalence and Clinical Presentation of Health Care Workers With Symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in 2 Dutch Hospitals During an Early Phase of the Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Kluytmans-van den Bergh, Marjolein F Q", "Buiting, Anton G M", "Pas, Suzan D", "Bentvelsen, Robbert G", "van den Bijllaardt, Wouter", "van Oudheusden, Anne J G", "van Rijen, Miranda M L", "Verweij, Jaco J", "Koopmans, Marion P G", "Kluytmans, Jan A J W"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437576", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Netherlands"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On February 27, 2020, the first patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in the Netherlands. During the following weeks, at 2 Dutch teaching hospitals, 9 health care workers (HCWs) received a diagnosis of COVID-19, 8 of whom had no history of travel to China or northern Italy, raising the question of whether undetected community circulation was occurring. To determine the prevalence and clinical presentation of COVID-19 among HCWs with self-reported fever or respiratory symptoms. This cross-sectional study was performed in 2 teaching hospitals in the southern part of the Netherlands in March 2020, during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health care workers employed in the participating hospitals who experienced fever or respiratory symptoms were asked to voluntarily participate in a screening for infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Data analysis was performed in March 2020. The prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was determined by semiquantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on oropharyngeal samples. Structured interviews were conducted to document symptoms for all HCWs with confirmed COVID-19. Of 9705 HCWs employed (1722 male [18%]), 1353 (14%) reported fever or respiratory symptoms and were tested. Of those, 86 HCWs (6%) were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (median age, 49 years [range, 22-66 years]; 15 [17%] male), representing 1% of all HCWs employed. Most HCWs experienced mild disease, and only 46 (53%) reported fever. Eighty HCWs (93%) met a case definition of fever and/or coughing and/or shortness of breath. Only 3 (3%) of the HCWs identified through the screening had a history of travel to China or northern Italy, and 3 (3%) reported having been exposed to an inpatient with a known diagnosis of COVID-19 before the onset of symptoms. Within 2 weeks after the first Dutch case was detected, a substantial proportion of HCWs with self-reported fever or respiratory symptoms were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, likely as a result of acquisition of the virus in the community during the early phase of local spread. The high prevalence of mild clinical presentations, frequently not including fever, suggests that the currently recommended case definition for suspected COVID-19 should be used less stringently."}, {"pmid": 32476022, "title": "Return to work guidelines for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Rueda-Garrido, Juan Carlos", "Vicente-Herrero, M feminine Teofila", "Del Campo, M feminine Teresa", "Reinoso-Barbero, Luis", "de la Hoz, Rafael E", "Delclos, George L", "Kales, Stefanos N", "Fernandez-Montero, Alejandro"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476022", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32127123, "pmcid": "PMC7055037", "title": "Differential diagnosis of illness in patients under investigation for the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), Italy, February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Bordi, Licia", "Nicastri, Emanuele", "Scorzolini, Laura", "Di Caro, Antonino", "Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria", "Castilletti, Concetta", "Lalle, Eleonora", "On Behalf Of Inmi Covid-Study Group And Collaborating Centers"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127123", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the causative pathogen of an ongoing outbreak of respiratory disease, now named COVID-19. Most cases and sustained transmission occurred in China, but travel-associated cases have been reported in other countries, including Europe and Italy. Since the symptoms are similar to other respiratory infections, differential diagnosis in travellers arriving from countries with wide-spread COVID-19 must include other more common infections such as influenza and other respiratory tract diseases."}, {"pmid": 32372542, "title": "Re: From the frontlines of COVID-19-How prepared are we as obstetricians: A commentary.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Mishra, Ajay Kumar", "Lal, Amos"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372542", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452598, "pmcid": "PMC7267111", "title": "In response: Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Res Rev", "authors": ["Blanke, Charles D"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452598", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The article cited does not differentiate between Type I and Type II diabetes. More information is needed to properly assess risk."}, {"pmid": 32274630, "pmcid": "PMC7145274", "title": "Inpatient and outpatient case prioritization for patients with neuro-oncologic disease amid the COVID-19 pandemic: general guidance for neuro-oncology practitioners from the AANS/CNS Tumor Section and Society for Neuro-Oncology.", "journal": "J Neurooncol", "authors": ["Ramakrishna, Rohan", "Zadeh, Gelareh", "Sheehan, Jason P", "Aghi, Manish K"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274630", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus pandemic has created unprecedented strain on medical resources at health care institutions around the world. At many institutions, this has resulted in efforts to prioritize cases with an attempt to balance the acuity of medical needs with available resources. Here, we provide a framework for institutions and governments to help adjudicate treatment allocations to patients with neuro-oncologic disease."}, {"pmid": 32313883, "pmcid": "PMC7170270", "title": "Inhaled biguanides and mTOR inhibition for influenza and coronavirus (Review).", "journal": "World Acad Sci J", "authors": ["Lehrer, Steven"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313883", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway senses and responds to nutrient availability, energy sufficiency, stress, hormones and mitogens to modulate protein synthesis. Rapamycin is a bacterial product that can inhibit mTOR via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. mTOR signaling is necessary for the development of influenza and modulates the antibody response to provide cross-protective immunity to lethal infection with influenza virus. In one human study, it was found that the treatment of severe H1N1 influenza\u2011related pneumonia with rapamycin and steroids improved the outcome. However, in other studies, immunosuppression with systemic steroids, and possibly rapamycin as well, was associated with an increased morbidity/mortality and a prolonged viral replication. In order to avoid the systemic side-effects, some investigators have postulated that the inhalation of rapamycin would be desirable. However, the inhalation of rapamycin, with its well-documented lung toxicity, could be contraindicated. Another class of drug, biguanides, can also inhibit mTOR, but have no lung toxicity. Biguanides are widely used small molecule drugs prescribed as oral anti-diabetics that have exhibited considerable promise in oncology. During the 1971 outbreak of influenza, diabetic patients treated with the biguanides, phenformin and buformin, had a lower incidence of infection than diabetics treated with sulfonylureas or insulin. Both buformin and phenformin reduce the mortality of influenza in mice; phenformin is less effective than buformin. The inhalation of buformin or phenformin for influenza may be an effective novel treatment strategy that would limit the risk of systemic side-effects associated with biguanides due to the low inhaled dose. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease is the cause of the 2019-2020 coronavirus outbreak. It is primarily spread between individuals via small droplets emitted from infected individuals when breathing or coughing. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling responses play important roles in MERS-CoV infection and may represent a novel drug target for therapeutic intervention strategies. The present review article discusses the effects of biguanides on influenza and coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32396126, "title": "Predicting COVID-19 in China Using Hybrid AI Model.", "journal": "IEEE Trans Cybern", "authors": ["Zheng, Nanning", "Du, Shaoyi", "Wang, Jianji", "Zhang, He", "Cui, Wenting", "Kang, Zijian", "Yang, Tao", "Lou, Bin", "Chi, Yuting", "Long, Hong", "Ma, Mei", "Yuan, Qi", "Zhang, Shupei", "Zhang, Dong", "Ye, Feng", "Xin, Jingmin"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396126", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) breaking out in late December 2019 is gradually being controlled in China, but it is still spreading rapidly in many other countries and regions worldwide. It is urgent to conduct prediction research on the development and spread of the epidemic. In this article, a hybrid artificial-intelligence (AI) model is proposed for COVID-19 prediction. First, as traditional epidemic models treat all individuals with coronavirus as having the same infection rate, an improved susceptible-infected (ISI) model is proposed to estimate the variety of the infection rates for analyzing the transmission laws and development trend. Second, considering the effects of prevention and control measures and the increase of the public's prevention awareness, the natural language processing (NLP) module and the long short-term memory (LSTM) network are embedded into the ISI model to build the hybrid AI model for COVID-19 prediction. The experimental results on the epidemic data of several typical provinces and cities in China show that individuals with coronavirus have a higher infection rate within the third to eighth days after they were infected, which is more in line with the actual transmission laws of the epidemic. Moreover, compared with the traditional epidemic models, the proposed hybrid AI model can significantly reduce the errors of the prediction results and obtain the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) with 0.52%, 0.38%, 0.05%, and 0.86% for the next six days in Wuhan, Beijing, Shanghai, and countrywide, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32533062, "title": "Overview of lethal human coronaviruses.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Chen, Bin", "Tian, Er-Kang", "He, Bin", "Tian, Lejin", "Han, Ruiying", "Wang, Shuangwen", "Xiang, Qianrong", "Zhang, Shu", "El Arnaout, Toufic", "Cheng, Wei"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533062", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus infections of multiple origins have spread to date worldwide, causing severe respiratory diseases. Seven coronaviruses that infect humans have been identified: HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Among them, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV caused outbreaks in 2002 and 2012, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is the most recently discovered. It has created a severe worldwide outbreak beginning in late 2019, leading to date to over 4 million cases globally. Viruses are genetically simple, yet highly diverse. However, the recent outbreaks of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and the ongoing outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, indicate that there remains a long way to go to identify and develop specific therapeutic treatments. Only after gaining a better understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms can we minimize viral pandemics. This paper mainly focuses on SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Here, recent studies are summarized and reviewed, with a focus on virus-host interactions, vaccine-based and drug-targeted therapies, and the development of new approaches for clinical diagnosis and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32478542, "title": "Deafness and mental health: Clinical challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Recio-Barbero, Maria", "Saenz-Herrero, Margarita", "Segarra, Rafael"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478542", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current health crisis scenario has exposed the negative impact on mental health. This commentary highlights the main challenges and barriers that the Deaf community faces in access to health care resources and psychological support during the COVID-19 pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32406929, "pmcid": "PMC7273046", "title": "Reduction in emergency surgery activity during COVID-19 pandemic in three Spanish hospitals.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Cano-Valderrama, O", "Morales, X", "Ferrigni, C J", "Martin-Antona, E", "Turrado, V", "Garcia, A", "Cunarro-Lopez, Y", "Zarain-Obrador, L", "Duran-Poveda, M", "Balibrea, J M", "Torres, A J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406929", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344313, "pmcid": "PMC7175844", "title": "Can pioglitazone be potentially useful therapeutically in treating patients with COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Carboni, Elena", "Carta, Anna R", "Carboni, Ezio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344313", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic disease (COVID-19) that has spread globally causing more than 30,000 deaths. Despite the immense and ongoing global effort, no efficacious drugs to fight this plague have been identified and patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICU), for respiratory distress, are managed mostly by means of supportive care based on oxygen maintenance. Several authors have reported that the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases comorbidities were indeed frequent among patients with COVID-19, which suggests that these conditions are likely to aggravate and complicate the prognosis. What the aforementioned diseases have in common is a latent chronic inflammatory state that may be associated with the alteration of laboratory parameters that are typical of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. In severe COVID-19 patients laboratory markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein, IL-6, D-dimer, serum ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase are elevated in many patients; assessed since the 4th-6th day of illness onset, such increases seem to be predictive of an adverse prognosis. Our hypothesis is that drugs belonging to the family of thiazolidinediones (TZD) such as pioglitazone or rosiglitazone, approved for treating the condition of insulin resistance and the accompanying inflammation, could ameliorate the prognosis of those COVID-19 patients with diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disorders comorbidities. TZD are PPAR\u03b3 agonists that act on nuclear receptors, thereby triggering certain transcription factors. TZD were widely used for type-2 diabetes in the first decade of this century and although concerns have been raised for possible side effects associated with long-term treatment, their use has been recently revaluated for their anti-inflammatory properties in numerous medical conditions."}, {"pmid": 32181807, "pmcid": "PMC7184349", "title": "Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of 91 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: A retrospective, multi-centre case series.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Qian, Guo-Qing", "Yang, Nai-Bin", "Ding, Feng", "Ma, Ada Hoi Yan", "Wang, Zong-Yi", "Shen, Yue-Fei", "Shi, Chun-Wei", "Lian, Xiang", "Chu, Jin-Guo", "Chen, Lei", "Wang, Zhi-Yu", "Ren, Da-Wei", "Li, Guo-Xiang", "Chen, Xue-Qin", "Shen, Hua-Jiang", "Chen, Xiao-Min"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181807", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent studies have focused initial clinical and Epidemiologic characteristics on the COVID-19, mainly revealing situation in Wuhan, Hubei. To reveal more data on the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients outside of Wuhan, in Zhejiang, China. Retrospective case series. 88 cases of laboratory-confirmed and 3 cases of clinical-confirmed COVID-19 were admitted to five hospitals in Zhejiang province, China. Data were collected from 20 January 2020 to 11 February 2020. Of all 91 patients, 88 (96.70%) were laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with throat swab samples that tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 while 3 (3.30%) were clinical-diagnosed COVID-19 cases. The median age of the patients was 50 (36.5-57) years, and female accounted for 59.34%. In this sample 40 (43.96%) patients had contracted the diseases from local cases, 31 (34.07%) patients had been to Wuhan/Hubei, 8 (8.79%) cases had contacted with people from Wuhan, 11 (12.09%) cases were confirmed aircraft transmission. In particular within the city of Ningbo, 60.52% cases can be traced back to an event held in a temple. The most common symptoms were fever (71.43%), cough (60.44%) and fatigue (43.96%). The median of incubation period was 6 (IQR, 3-8) days and the median time from first visit to a doctor to confirmed diagnosis was 1 (1-2) days. According to the Chest computed tomography scans, 67.03% cases had bilateral pneumonia. Social activity cluster, family cluster and travel by airplane were how COVID-19 patients get transmitted and could be rapidly diagnosed COVID-19 in Zhejiang."}, {"pmid": 32119824, "pmcid": "PMC7124430", "title": "The response of Milan's Emergency Medical System to the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Spina, Stefano", "Marrazzo, Francesco", "Migliari, Maurizio", "Stucchi, Riccardo", "Sforza, Alessandra", "Fumagalli, Roberto"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119824", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418245, "title": "New Guidance on Managing Inpatient Hyperglycaemia during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Rayman, G", "Lumb, A", "Kennon, B", "Cottrell, C", "Nagi, D", "Page, E", "Voigt, D", "Courtney, H", "Atkins, H", "Platts, J", "Higgins, K", "Dhatariya, K", "Patel, M", "Narendran, P", "Kar, P", "Newland-Jones, P", "Stewart, R", "Burr, O", "Thomas, S"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418245", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512358, "title": "COVID-19 online surveys need to follow standards and guidelines: Comment on \"Does COVID-19 pandemic affect sexual behaviour? A cross-sectional, cross-national online survey\" and \"Binge watching behavior during COVID 19 pandemic: A cross-sectional, cross-national online survey\".", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Sharma, Rishi", "Tikka, Sai Krishna"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512358", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340268, "pmcid": "PMC7219576", "title": "Performance Evaluation of UAV-Enabled LoRa Networks for Disaster Management Applications.", "journal": "Sensors (Basel)", "authors": ["Saraereh, Omar A", "Alsaraira, Amer", "Khan, Imran", "Uthansakul, Peerapong"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340268", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In hostile and remote environments, such as mountains, forests or suburban areas, traditional communications may not be available, especially after a disaster, such as a flood, a forest fire or an earthquake. In these situations, the wireless networks may become congested or completely disrupted and may not be adequate to support the traffic generated by rescuers. It is also considered as the key tool in Corona Virus (COVID-19) battle. Moreover, the conventional approaches with fixed gateways may not work either, and this might lead to decoding errors due to the large distance between mobile nodes and the gateway. To avoid the decoding errors and improve the reliability of the messages, we propose to use intermediate Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to transfer messages from ground-based Long Range (LoRa) nodes to the remote base station (BS). Specifically, this UAV-enabled LoRa architecture is based on the ad hoc WiFi network, wherein, UAVs act as relays for the traffic generated between LoRa nodes and BS. To make the architecture more efficient, a distributed topology control algorithm is also proposed for UAVs. The algorithm is based on virtual spring forces and movement prediction technique that periodically updates the UAV topology to adapt to the movement of the ground-based LoRa nodes that move on the surface. The simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed approach for packet reception rate and average delay quality of service (QoS) metrics. It is observed that the mechanisms implemented in a UAV-enabled LoRa network effectively help to improve the packet reception rate with nominal buffer delays."}, {"pmid": 32311320, "pmcid": "PMC7164922", "title": "Impact assessment of non-pharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 and influenza in Hong Kong: an observational study.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Cowling, Benjamin J", "Ali, Sheikh Taslim", "Ng, Tiffany W Y", "Tsang, Tim K", "Li, Julian C M", "Fong, Min Whui", "Liao, Qiuyan", "Kwan, Mike Yw", "Lee, So Lun", "Chiu, Susan S", "Wu, Joseph T", "Wu, Peng", "Leung, Gabriel M"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311320", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A range of public health measures have been implemented to suppress local transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hong Kong. We examined the effect of these interventions and behavioural changes of the public on the incidence of COVID-19, as well as on influenza virus infections, which might share some aspects of transmission dynamics with COVID-19. We analysed data on laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, influenza surveillance data in outpatients of all ages, and influenza hospitalisations in children. We estimated the daily effective reproduction number (Rt) for COVID-19 and influenza A H1N1 to estimate changes in transmissibility over time. Attitudes towards COVID-19 and changes in population behaviours were reviewed through three telephone surveys done on Jan 20-23, Feb 11-14, and March 10-13, 2020. COVID-19 transmissibility measured by Rt has remained at approximately 1 for 8 weeks in Hong Kong. Influenza transmission declined substantially after the implementation of social distancing measures and changes in population behaviours in late January, with a 44% (95% CI 34-53%) reduction in transmissibility in the community, from an estimated Rt of 1\u00b728 (95% CI 1\u00b726-1\u00b730) before the start of the school closures to 0\u00b772 (0\u00b770-0\u00b774) during the closure weeks. Similarly, a 33% (24-43%) reduction in transmissibility was seen based on paediatric hospitalisation rates, from an Rt of 1\u00b710 (1\u00b706-1\u00b712) before the start of the school closures to 0\u00b773 (0\u00b768-0\u00b777) after school closures. Among respondents to the surveys, 74\u00b75%, 97\u00b75%, and 98\u00b78% reported wearing masks when going out, and 61\u00b73%, 90\u00b72%, and 85\u00b71% reported avoiding crowded places in surveys 1 (n=1008), 2 (n=1000), and 3 (n=1005), respectively. Our study shows that non-pharmaceutical interventions (including border restrictions, quarantine and isolation, distancing, and changes in population behaviour) were associated with reduced transmission of COVID-19 in Hong Kong, and are also likely to have substantially reduced influenza transmission in early February, 2020. Health and Medical Research Fund, Hong Kong."}, {"pmid": 32503854, "title": "EULAR provisional recommendations for the management of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases in the context of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Landewe, Robert Bm", "Machado, Pedro M", "Kroon, Feline", "Bijlsma, Hans Wj", "Burmester, Gerd R", "Carmona, Loreto", "Combe, Bernard", "Galli, Massimo", "Gossec, Laure", "Iagnocco, Annamaria", "Isaacs, John D", "Mariette, Xavier", "McInnes, Iain", "Mueller-Ladner, Ulf", "Openshaw, Peter", "Smolen, Josef S", "Stamm, Tanja A", "Wiek, Dieter", "Schulze-Koops, Hendrik"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503854", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The provisional EULAR recommendations address several aspects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus, and the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and are meant for patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) and their caregivers. A task force of 20 members was convened by EULAR that met several times by videoconferencing in April 2020. The task force finally agreed on five overarching principles and 13 recommendations covering four generic themes: (1) General measures and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (2) The management of RMD when local measures of social distancing are in effect. (3) The management of COVID-19 in the context of RMD. (4) The prevention of infections other than SARS-CoV-2. EULAR considers this set of recommendations as a 'living document' and a starting point, which will be updated as soon as promising new developments with potential impact on the care of patients with RMD become available."}, {"pmid": 32417316, "pmcid": "PMC7228739", "title": "Dyspnea rather than fever is a risk factor for predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Shi, Li", "Wang, Ying", "Wang, Yadong", "Duan, Guangcai", "Yang, Haiyan"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417316", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369872, "title": "At the heart of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Khan, Inayat Hussain", "Zahra, Syeda Anum", "Zaim, Sevim", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369872", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease\u00a0(COVID-19) first presented in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019. Since then, it has rapidly spread across the world, and is now formally considered a pandemic. The disease does not discriminate but increasing age and the presence of comorbidities are associated with severe form of the disease and poor outcomes. Although the prevalence of COVID-19 in patients with cardiovascular disease is under-reported, there is evidence that pre-existing cardiac disease can render individuals vulnerable. It is thought that COVID-19 may have both a direct and indirect effect on the cardiovascular system; however, the primary mechanism of underlying cardiovascular involvement is still uncertain. Of particular interest is the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which is well known for its cardiovascular effects and is also considered to be important in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. With a range of different drug candidates being suggested, effective anti-virals and vaccines are an area of on-going research. While our knowledge of COVID-19 continues to rapidly expand, this review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the interaction between COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system."}, {"pmid": 32035431, "title": "Epidemiologic characteristics of early cases with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) disease in Korea.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "authors": ["Ki, Moran"], "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035431", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In about 20 days since the diagnosis of the first case of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Korea on January 20, 2020, 28 cases have been confirmed. Fifteen patients (53.6%) of them were male and median age of was 42 years (range, 20-73). Of the confirmed cases, 16, 9, and 3 were index (57.2%), first-generation (32.1%), and second-generation (10.7%) cases, respectively. All first-generation and second-generation patients were family members or intimate acquaintances of the index cases with close contacts. Fifteen among 16 index patients had entered Korea from January 19 to 24, 2020 while 1 patient had entered Korea on January 31, 2020. The average incubation period was 3.9 days (median, 3.0), and the reproduction number was estimated as 0.48. Three of the confirmed patients were asymptomatic when they were diagnosed. Epidemiological indicators will be revised with the availability of additional data in the future. Sharing epidemiological information among researchers worldwide is essential for efficient preparation and response in tackling this new infectious disease."}, {"pmid": 32466738, "title": "Break in the Stroke Chain of Survival Due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Montaner, Joan", "Barragan-Prieto, Ana", "Perez-Sanchez, Soledad", "Escudero-Martinez, Irene", "Moniche, Francisco", "Sanchez-Miura, Jose Antonio", "Ruiz-Bayo, Lidia", "Gonzalez, Alejandro"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466738", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergency measures to treat patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and contain the outbreak is the main priority in each of our hospitals; however, these measures are likely to result in collateral damage among patients with other acute diseases. Here, we investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic affects acute stroke care through interruptions in the stroke chain of survival. A descriptive analysis of acute stroke care activity before and after the COVID-19 outbreak is given for a stroke network in southern Europe. To quantify the impact of the pandemic, the number of stroke code activations, ambulance transfers, consultations through telestroke, stroke unit admissions, and reperfusion therapy times and rates are described in temporal relationship with the rising number of COVID-19 cases in the region. Following confinement of the population, our stroke unit activity decreased sharply, with a 25% reduction in admitted cases (mean number of 58 cases every 15 days in previous months to 44 cases in the 15 days after the outbreak, P<0.001). Consultations to the telestroke network declined from 25 every 15 days before the outbreak to 7 after the outbreak (P<0.001). The increasing trend in the prehospital diagnosis of stroke activated by 911 calls stopped abruptly in the region, regressing to 2019 levels. The mean number of stroke codes dispatched to hospitals decreased (78% versus 57%, P<0.001). Time of arrival from symptoms onset to stroke units was delayed >30 minutes, reperfusion therapy cases fell, and door-to-needle time started 16 minutes later than usual. The COVID-19 pandemic is disruptive for acute stroke pathways. Bottlenecks in the access and delivery of patients to our secured stroke centers are among the main challenges. It is critical to encourage patients to continue seeking emergency care if experiencing acute stroke symptoms and to ensure that emergency professionals continue to use stroke code activation and telestroke networks."}, {"pmid": 32418327, "title": "Ligand-centered assessment of SARS-CoV-2 drug target models in the Protein Data Bank.", "journal": "FEBS J", "authors": ["Wlodawer, Alexander", "Dauter, Zbigniew", "Shabalin, Ivan", "Gilski, Miroslaw", "Brzezinski, Dariusz", "Kowiel, Marcin", "Minor, Wladek", "Rupp, Bernhard", "Jaskolski, Mariusz"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418327", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A bright spot in the SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) coronavirus pandemic has been the immediate mobilization of the biomedical community, working to develop treatments and vaccines for COVID-19. Rational drug design against emerging threats depends on well-established methodology, mainly utilizing X-ray crystallography, to provide accurate structure models of the macromolecular drug targets and of their complexes with candidates for drug development. In the current crisis the structural biological community has responded by presenting structure models of CoV-2 proteins and depositing them in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), usually without time embargo and before publication. Since the structures from the first-line research are produced in an accelerated mode, there is an elevated chance of mistakes and errors, with the ultimate risk of hindering, rather than speeding-up, drug development. In the present work, we have used model-validation metrics and examined the electron density maps for the deposited models of CoV-2 proteins and a sample of related proteins available in the PDB as of 1 April 2020. We present these results with the aim of helping the biomedical community establish a better-validated pool of data. The proteins are divided into groups according to their structure and function. In most cases, no major corrections were necessary. However, in several cases significant revisions in the functionally sensitive area of protein-inhibitor complexes or for bound ions justified correction, re-refinement, and eventually re-versioning in the PDB. The re-refined coordinate files and a tool for facilitating model comparisons are available at https://covid-19.bioreproducibility.org."}, {"pmid": 32405520, "pmcid": "PMC7219381", "title": "Anaesthesia and intensive care in obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Morau, Estelle", "Bouvet, Lionel", "Keita, Hawa", "Vial, Florence", "Bonnet, Marie Pierre", "Bonnin, Martine", "Le Gouez, Agnes", "Chassard, Dominique", "Mercier, Frederic J", "Benhamou, Dan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405520", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376169, "pmcid": "PMC7195373", "title": "The Response of an Orthopedic Department and Specialty Hospital at the Epicenter of a Pandemic: The NYU Langone Health Experience.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Schwarzkopf, Ran", "Maher, Nolan A", "Slover, James D", "Strauss, Eric J", "Bosco, Joseph A", "Zuckerman, Joseph D"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376169", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world grapples with the COVID-19 pandemic, we as health care professionals thrive to continue to help our patients, and as orthopedic surgeons, this goal is ever more challenging. As part of a major academic tertiary medical center in New York City, the orthopedic department at New York University (NYU) Langone Health has evolved and adapted to meet the challenges of the COVID pandemic. In our report, we will detail the different aspects and actions taken by NYU Langone Health as well as NYU Langone Orthopedic\u00a0Hospital and the orthopedic department in particular. Among the steps taken, the department has reconfigured its staff's assignments to help both with the institution's efforts and our patients' needs from reassigning operating room nurses to medical COVID floors to having attending surgeons cover urgent care locations. We have reorganized our residency and fellowship rotations and assignments as well as adapting our educational programs to online learning. While constantly evolving to meet the institution's and our patient demands, our leadership starts planning for the return to a new \"normal\"."}, {"pmid": 32367739, "title": "Outbreak dynamics of COVID-19 in Europe and the effect of travel restrictions.", "journal": "Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin", "authors": ["Linka, Kevin", "Peirlinck, Mathias", "Sahli Costabal, Francisco", "Kuhl, Ellen"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367739", "countries": ["France", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For the first time in history, on March 17, 2020, the European Union closed all its external borders in an attempt to contain the spreading of the coronavirus 2019, COVID-19. Throughout two past months, governments around the world have implemented massive travel restrictions and border control to mitigate the outbreak of this global pandemic. However, the precise effects of travel restrictions on the outbreak dynamics of COVID-19 remain unknown. Here we combine a global network mobility model with a local epidemiology model to simulate and predict the outbreak dynamics and outbreak control of COVID-19 across Europe. We correlate our mobility model to passenger air travel statistics and calibrate our epidemiology model using the number of reported COVID-19 cases for each country. Our simulations show that mobility networks of air travel can predict the emerging global diffusion pattern of a pandemic at the early stages of the outbreak. Our results suggest that an unconstrained mobility would have significantly accelerated the spreading of COVID-19, especially in Central Europe, Spain, and France. Ultimately, our network epidemiology model can inform political decision making and help identify exit strategies from current travel restrictions and total lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32354768, "pmcid": "PMC7231545", "title": "Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry", "authors": ["Beyrouti, Rahma", "Adams, Matthew E", "Benjamin, Laura", "Cohen, Hannah", "Farmer, Simon F", "Goh, Yee Yen", "Humphries, Fiona", "Jager, Hans Rolf", "Losseff, Nicholas A", "Perry, Richard J", "Shah, Sachit", "Simister, Robert J", "Turner, David", "Chandratheva, Arvind", "Werring, David J"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354768", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289038, "pmcid": "PMC7136699", "title": "A comprehensive Chinese experience against SARS-CoV-2 in ophthalmology.", "journal": "Eye Vis (Lond)", "authors": ["Yu, A-Yong", "Tu, Ruixue", "Shao, Xu", "Pan, Anpeng", "Zhou, Kaijing", "Huang, Jinhai"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289038", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has now swept through the continents and poses a global threat to public health. Several investigations have been conducted to identify whether COVID-19 can be transmitted through the ocular route, and the conclusion is that it is a potential route but remains uncertain. Due to the face-to-face communication with patients, frequent exposure to tears and ocular discharge, and the unavoidable use of equipment which requires close proximity, ophthalmologists carry a high risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Based on 33 articles published by Chinese scholars, guidelines and clinical practice experience in domestic hospitals, we have summarized the Chinese experience through the lens of ophthalmology, hoping to make a contribution to protecting ophthalmologists and patients around the world."}, {"pmid": 32451702, "pmcid": "PMC7247777", "title": "Cancer survivorship care during COVID-19-perspectives and recommendations from the MASCC survivorship study group.", "journal": "Support Care Cancer", "authors": ["Chan, Alexandre", "Ashbury, Fred", "Fitch, Margaret I", "Koczwara, Bogda", "Chan, Raymond Javan"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451702", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510771, "title": "COVID-19 In Lung Transplant Recipients: A Case Series From Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Morlacchi, Letizia Corinna", "Rossetti, Valeria", "Gigli, Lorenzo", "Amati, Francesco", "Rosso, Lorenzo", "Aliberti, Stefano", "Nosotti, Mario", "Blasi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510771", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Limited data is currently available regarding the course of COVID-19 in lung and solid organ transplant recipients. We hereby present 4 cases of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in lung transplant recipients from our centre, set in Milan, Italy. We reduced immunosuppressive regimen in all these patients, typically holding the antiproliferative agent and augmenting steroids; everybody received hydroxychloroquine, initial empiric antibiotic treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam and high dose low molecular weight heparin. Clinical course seemed favourable in three of our patients, but one of them deteriorated after 10 days of hospitalization, probably due to an acute form of graft dysfunction triggered both by COVID19 and a nosocomial bacterial infection, and eventually died. Although short-term prognosis could be considered benign in the majority of our patients, we should carefully monitor these individuals in order to detect early sign of clinical deterioration and graft dysfunction in the next few months."}, {"pmid": 32380291, "pmcid": "PMC7198423", "title": "Chloroquine-induced torsades de pointes in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Szekely, Yishay", "Lichter, Yael", "Shrkihe, Bander Abu", "Bruck, Hila", "Oster, Howard S", "Viskin, Sami"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380291", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506347, "title": "Recommendations to Manage Patients for Bariatric Surgery in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from China.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Dong, Zhiyong", "Zhang, Peng", "Zhu, Jiangfan", "Bai, Jie", "Parmar, Chetan", "Chen, Wenhui", "Hu, Ruixiang", "Wang, Jianxue", "Chong, Tsz Hong", "Jiang, Shuwen", "Yang, Wah", "Gao, Lilian", "Chen, Xiaomei", "Yang, Jingge", "Xia, Zefeng", "Tao, Kaixiong", "Wang, Cunchuan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506347", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383370, "pmcid": "PMC7211515", "title": "Prevalence and Duration of Acute Loss of Smell or Taste in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lee, Yonghyun", "Min, Pokkee", "Lee, Seonggu", "Kim, Shin Woo"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383370", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Initially, acute loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia) was not considered important symptoms for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To determine the prevalence of these symptoms and to evaluate their diagnostic significance, we (approximately 150 physicians of the Daegu Medical Association) prospectively collected data of cases of anosmia and ageusia from March 8, 2020, via telephone interview among 3,191 patients in Daegu, Korea. Acute anosmia or ageusia was observed in 15.3% (488/3,191) patients in the early stage of COVID-19 and in 15.7% (367/2,342) patients with asymptomatic-to-mild disease severity. Their prevalence was significantly more common among females and younger individuals (P = 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Most patients with anosmia or ageusia recovered within 3 weeks. The median time to recovery was 7 days for both symptoms. Anosmia and ageusia seem to be part of important symptoms and clues for the diagnosis of COVID-19, particularly in the early stage of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32437329, "title": "Collateral Crises of Gun Preparation and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infodemiology Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Caputi, Theodore L", "Ayers, John W", "Dredze, Mark", "Suplina, Nicholas", "Burd-Sharps, Sarah"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437329", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the past, national emergencies in the United States have resulted in increased gun preparation (ie, purchasing new guns or removing guns from storage); in turn, these gun actions have effected increases in firearm injuries and deaths. The aim of this paper was to assess the extent to which interest in gun preparation has increased amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic using data from Google searches related to purchasing and cleaning guns. We fit an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model over Google search data from January 2004 up to the week that US President Donald Trump declared COVID-19 a national emergency. We used this model to forecast Google search volumes, creating a counterfactual of the number of gun preparation searches we would expect if the COVID-19 pandemic had not occurred, and reported observed deviations from this counterfactual. Google searches related to preparing guns have surged to unprecedented levels, approximately 40% higher than previously reported spikes following the Sandy Hook, CT and Parkland, FL shootings and 158% (95% CI 73-270) greater than would be expected if the COVID-19 pandemic had not occurred. In absolute terms, approximately 2.1 million searches related to gun preparation were performed over just 34 days. States severely affected by COVID-19 appear to have some of the greatest increases in the number of searches. Our results corroborate media reports that gun purchases are increasing amid the COVID-19 pandemic and provide more precise geographic and temporal trends. Policy makers should invest in disseminating evidence-based educational tools about gun risks and safety procedures to avert a collateral public health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32425004, "pmcid": "PMC7089061", "title": "Clinical value of the emergency department in screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Zhang, Qin", "Pan, Jian", "Zhao, Min-Xing", "Lu, Yuan-Qiang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425004", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, China has gradually built a robust prevention and control system for sudden infectious diseases. All large hospitals have a fever clinic that isolates patients with all kinds of acute communicable diseases as the first line of medical defense. The emergency department, as the second line of medical defense in hospitals, is constantly shouldering the heavy responsibility of screening communicable diseases while also treating all kinds of other non-communicable acute and critical diseases (Zhang et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2017; Feng et al., 2018; Lu, 2018; Xu and Lu, 2019). An outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology that began in Wuhan city (China) has spread rapidly in China since December 2019 (Huang et al., 2020; WHO, 2020; Zhu et al., 2020). In February 2020, the National Health Commission of China named the disease a novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP); then, it was formally named the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on Feb. 11, 2020. The Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses designated this causative virus as SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the \u03b2 coronavirus genus, and its pathogenic mechanism has not been clarified, which requires further study. To better understand the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and more effectively prevent and control this disease, we retrospectively analyzed four representative cases of COVID-19 that had recently been screened and diagnosed in our emergency department."}, {"pmid": 32530787, "title": "Pandemic Makes Chronic Disease Prevention a Priority.", "journal": "Popul Health Manag", "authors": ["Kmetik, Karen S", "Skoufalos, Alexis", "Nash, David B"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530787", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378325, "pmcid": "PMC7267154", "title": "Preliminary Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Italian Liver Transplant Programs.", "journal": "Liver Transpl", "authors": ["Agnes, Salvatore", "Andorno, Enzo", "Avolio, Alfonso W", "Baccarani, Umberto", "Carraro, Amedeo", "Cescon, Matteo", "Cillo, Umberto", "Colledan, Michele", "De Carlis, Luciano", "De Simone, Paolo", "De Ville De Goyet, Jean", "Di Benedetto, Fabrizio", "Ettorre, Giuseppe M", "Gringeri, Enrico", "Gruttadauria, Salvatore", "Lupo, Luigi G", "Mazzaferro, Vincenzo", "Regalia, Enrico", "Romagnoli, Renato", "Rossi, Giorgio E", "Rossi, Massimo", "Spada, Marco", "Tisone, Giuseppe", "Vennarecci, Giovanni", "Vivarelli, Marco", "Zamboni, Fausto", "Boggi, Ugo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378325", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Liver Transplant Programs in Italy have faced a sequela of management and clinical decision-making problems due to the high incidence in some regions of the country of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The Italian Society for Organ Transplantation (SITO) and the Board of Liver Transplant Program Directors issued a survey to assess the initial impact of this pandemic event on the routine activity of 22 Italian Liver Transplant Programs. One hundred percent of participants completed the survey within a few days. The analysis is presented dividing the centers in two macro-areas: north-central Italy and south-central Italy. The reason for this is that the two areas had a different incidence of the infection and because they have distinctive rates of cadaveric donation. Overall, all centers remained open although a reduction in the activity was noted. Transplant Programs reduced their outpatient activity both in terms of pre-transplant evaluation (68% of the centers) and transplant recipient follow-up (100%); a reduction in transplant activity was observed in the first two weeks of March only in the north-central macro area (23 LTs vs 39 in 2018 and 60 in 2019); overall, SARS-CoV-2 infection was registered for 24 liver transplant recipients and 37 health care providers in liver transplant units. In the perspective of the increasing magnitude of the epidemic, more data will be required to define appropriate strategies for the increasingly complex management of liver transplant patients."}, {"pmid": 32432960, "title": "A COVID-19 Rapid-Response Research Agenda.", "journal": "JDR Clin Trans Res", "authors": ["Herzberg, M C"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432960", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425638, "pmcid": "PMC7231497", "title": "Reducing mortality and morbidity in patients with severe COVID-19 disease by advancing ongoing trials of Mesenchymal Stromal (stem) Cell (MSC) therapy - Achieving global consensus and visibility for cellular host-directed therapies.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zumla, Alimuddin", "Wang, Fu-Sheng", "Chang, Chao", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Petrosillo, Nicola", "Agrati, Chiara", "Azhar, Esam I", "El-Kafrawy, Sherif A", "Osman, Mohamed", "Zitvogel, Laurence", "Galle, Peter R", "Locatelli, Franco", "Gorman, Ellen", "O'Kane, Cecilia", "McAuley, Danny", "Cordon-Cardo, Carlos", "Maeurer, Markus"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425638", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of May 17th 2020, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused 307,395 deaths worldwide, out of 3,917,366 cases reported to the World Health Organization. No specific treatments for reducing mortality or morbidity are yet available. Deaths from COVID-19 will continue to rise globally until effective and appropriate treatments and/or vaccines are found. In search of effective treatments, the global medical, scientific, pharma and funding communities have rapidly initiated over 500 COVID-19 clinical trials on a range of antiviral drug regimens and repurposed drugs in various combinations. A paradigm shift is underway from the current focus of drug development targeting the pathogen, to advancing cellular Host-Directed Therapies (HDTs) for tackling the aberrant host immune and inflammatory responses which underlie the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and high COVID-19 mortality rates. We focus this editorial specifically on the background to, and the rationale for, the use and evaluation of mesenchymal stromal (Stem) cells (MSCs) in treatment trials of patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Currently, the ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP) report a combined 28 trials exploring the potential of MSCs or their products for treatment of COVID-19. MSCs should also be trialed for treatment of other circulating WHO priority Blueprint pathogens such as MERS-CoV which causes upto 34% mortality rates. It's about time funding agencies invested more into development MSCs per se, and also for a range of other HDTs, in combination with other therapeutic interventions. MSC therapy could turn out to be an important contribution to bringing an end to the high COVID-19 death rates and preventing long-term functional disability in those who survive disease."}, {"pmid": 32414384, "pmcid": "PMC7226711", "title": "\"Pairing assistance\": the effective way to solve the breakdown of health services system caused by COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Chen, Tianxiang", "Wang, Ying", "Hua, Lei"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414384", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The most terrifying thing about pandemic could be the large number of patients running against the health service system, which causes a serious shortage of health resources, especially medical personnel. Plotting mortality and diagnosis rates against medical staff resources in 16 cities in Hubei Province, where the epidemic was initially concerned and the most severe, shows a significant negative correlation, indicating the critical role of medical staff resources in controlling epidemics. Nevertheless, it is difficult to ensure that there exist enough medical personnel in cities severely hit by the outbreak. China provides solutions by adopting nationwide \"pairing assistance\" measures with at least one province assisting one city to alleviate pressure in the most severe area. By plotting the number of patients receiving treatment against day, it is clear that implementing \"pairing assistance\" is a turning point in China's fight against epidemics."}]