[{"pmid": 32459918, "title": "Long-Term Care Policy after Covid-19 - Solving the Nursing Home Crisis.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Werner, Rachel M", "Hoffman, Allison K", "Coe, Norma B"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459918", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378009, "pmcid": "PMC7202794", "title": "Primary Care Providers: Discuss COVID-19-Related Goals of Care with Your Vulnerable Patients Now.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Kutscher, Eric", "Kladney, Mat"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378009", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486842, "title": "Battlefield Endocrinology.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Sadhu, Archana R"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486842", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468950, "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia misdiagnosed as pulmonary contusion in a child.", "journal": "Br J Hosp Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Bekci, Tumay", "Aslan, Serdar", "Cakir, Ismet M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468950", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427428, "title": "Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Lubel, John", "Garg, Mayur"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427428", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358833, "pmcid": "PMC7267163", "title": "A rational roadmap for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pharmacotherapeutic research and development. IUPHAR Review 29.", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Alexander, S P H", "Armstrong, J", "Davenport, A P", "Davies, J", "Faccenda, E", "Harding, S D", "Levi-Schaffer, F", "Maguire, J J", "Pawson, A J", "Southan, C", "Spedding, M J"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358833", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this review, we identify opportunities for drug discovery in the treatment of COVID-19 and in so doing, provide a rational roadmap whereby pharmacology and pharmacologists can mitigate against the global pandemic. We assess the scope for targetting key host and viral targets in the mid-term, by first screening these targets against drugs already licensed; an agenda for drug re-purposing, which should allow rapid translation to clinical trials. A simultaneous, multi-pronged approach using conventional drug discovery methodologies aimed at discovering novel chemical and biological means targetting a short-list of host and viral entities should extend the arsenal of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. This longer-term strategy would provide a deeper pool of drug choices for future-proofing against acquired drug resistance. Second, there will be further viral threats, which will inevitably evade existing vaccines. This will require a coherent therapeutic strategy which pharmacology and pharmacologists are best placed to provide."}, {"pmid": 32407300, "title": "COVID-19 in Correctional and Detention Facilities - United States, February-April 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Wallace, Megan", "Hagan, Liesl", "Curran, Kathryn G", "Williams, Samantha P", "Handanagic, Senad", "Bjork, Adam", "Davidson, Sherri L", "Lawrence, Robert T", "McLaughlin, Joseph", "Butterfield, Marilee", "James, Allison E", "Patil, Naveen", "Lucas, Kimberley", "Hutchinson, Justine", "Sosa, Lynn", "Jara, Amanda", "Griffin, Phillip", "Simonson, Sean", "Brown, Catherine M", "Smoyer, Stephanie", "Weinberg, Meghan", "Pattee, Brittany", "Howell, Molly", "Donahue, Matthew", "Hesham, Soliman", "Shelley, Ellen", "Philips, Grace", "Selvage, David", "Staley, E Michele", "Lee, Anthony", "Mannell, Mike", "McCotter, Orion", "Villalobos, Raul", "Bell, Linda", "Diedhiou, Abdoulaye", "Ortbahn, Dustin", "Clayton, Joshua L", "Sanders, Kelsey", "Cranford, Hannah", "Barbeau, Bree", "McCombs, Katherine G", "Holsinger, Caroline", "Kwit, Natalie A", "Pringle, Julia C", "Kariko, Sara", "Strick, Lara", "Allord, Matt", "Tillman, Courtney", "Morrison, Andrea", "Rowe, Devin", "Marlow, Mariel"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407300", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An estimated 2.1 million U.S. adults are housed within approximately 5,000 correctional and detention facilities\u2020 on any given day (1). Many facilities face significant challenges in controlling the spread of highly infectious pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Such challenges include crowded dormitories, shared lavatories, limited medical and isolation resources, daily entry and exit of staff members and visitors, continual introduction of newly incarcerated or detained persons, and transport of incarcerated or detained persons in multiperson vehicles for court-related, medical, or security reasons (2,3). During April 22-28, 2020, aggregate data on COVID-19 cases were reported to CDC by 37 of 54 state and territorial health department jurisdictions. Thirty-two (86%) jurisdictions reported at least one laboratory-confirmed case from a total of 420 correctional and detention facilities. Among these facilities, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 4,893 incarcerated or detained persons and 2,778 facility staff members, resulting in 88 deaths in incarcerated or detained persons and 15 deaths among staff members. Prompt identification of COVID-19 cases and consistent application of prevention measures, such as symptom screening and quarantine, are critical to protecting incarcerated and detained persons and staff members."}, {"pmid": 32369632, "title": "Chilblain-like lesions: a case series of 41 patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Lopez-Robles, J", "de la Hera, I", "Pardo, J", "Martinez, J", "Cutillas-Marco, E"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369632", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic dermatologists in countries with the highest incidence have noted an increase in consultations for chilblain-like lesions. In the Region of Murcia, a south-east Spanish area with around 1.5 million population, dermatologists have collected these findings during one week. In most cases photographs were taken by the patients themselves and referred to their General Practitioners before getting to us via our regional teledermatology platform. Patients were asked about fever, cough, shortness of breath or gastrointestinal symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32518102, "title": "Epilepsy care in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Adan, Guleed H", "Mitchell, James W", "Marson, Tony"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518102", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic will impact on how care for chronic conditions is delivered. We use epilepsy to exemplify how care for patients will be affected, and suggest ways in which healthcare systems can respond to deliver the most effective care. Where face-to-face outpatient appointments have been cancelled, telemedicine can facilitate remote clinical consultations for new and follow-up epilepsy clinic patients while reducing the risk of infection to both patients and healthcare staff. First-seizure patients will need investigation pathways rationalised, while those with chronic epilepsy will need to have reliable alternative avenues to access clinical advice. At the same time, neurologists should support emergency departments and acute medical units, advising on appropriate management of seizures and other acute neurological presentations. Ultimately, the revolution in our clinical practice is unlikely to cease after this pandemic, with reconfiguration of services likely to bring improvements in efficiency and convenience, and a reduced environmental impact."}, {"pmid": 32485473, "pmcid": "PMC7243755", "title": "Evaluation of nCoV-QS (MiCo BioMed) for RT-qPCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal samples using CDC FDA EUA qPCR kit as a gold standard: An example of the need of validation studies.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Freire-Paspuel, Byron", "Vega-Marino, Patricio", "Velez, Alberto", "Castillo, Paulina", "Cruz, Marilyn", "Garcia-Bereguiain, Miguel Angel"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485473", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several qPCR kits are available for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, mostly lacking of evaluation due to covid19 emergency. We evaluated nCoV-QS (MiCo BioMed) kit using CDC kit as gold standard. We found limitations for nCoV-QS: 1) lower sensitivity 2) lack of RNA quality control probe. Validation studies should be implemented for any SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR commercial kit to prevent unreliable diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32402930, "pmcid": "PMC7198989", "title": "Letter to the editors in response to: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic (Cure et al.).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Ekiz, Timur", "Kara, Murat", "Ozcakar, Levent"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402930", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360108, "pmcid": "PMC7187838", "title": "Maternal death due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Hantoushzadeh, Sedigheh", "Shamshirsaz, Alireza A", "Aleyasin, Ashraf", "Seferovic, Maxim D", "Aski, Soudabeh Kazemi", "Arian, Sara E", "Pooransari, Parichehr", "Ghotbizadeh, Fahimeh", "Aalipour, Soroush", "Soleimani, Zahra", "Naemi, Mahsa", "Molaei, Behnaz", "Ahangari, Roghaye", "Salehi, Mohammadreza", "Oskoei, Atousa Dabiri", "Pirozan, Parisa", "Darkhaneh, Roya Faraji", "Laki, Mahboobeh Gharib", "Farani, Ali Karimi", "Atrak, Shahla", "Miri, Mir Mohammad", "Kouchek, Mehran", "Shojaei, Seyedpouzhia", "Hadavand, Fahimeh", "Keikha, Fatemeh", "Hosseini, Maryam Sadat", "Borna, Sedigheh", "Ariana, Shideh", "Shariat, Mamak", "Fatemi, Alireza", "Nouri, Behnaz", "Nekooghadam, Seyed Mojtaba", "Aagaard, Kjersti"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360108", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite 2.5 million infections and 169,000 deaths worldwide (as of April 20, 2020), no maternal deaths and only a few pregnant women afflicted with severe respiratory morbidity have been reported to be related to COVID-19 disease. Given the disproportionate burden of severe and fatal respiratory disease previously documented among pregnant women following other coronavirus-related outbreaks (SARS-CoV in 2003 and MERS-CoV in 2012) and influenza pandemics over the last century, the absence of reported maternal morbidity and mortality with COVID-19 disease is unexpected. To describe maternal and perinatal outcomes and death in a case series of pregnant women with COVID-19 disease. We describe here a multiinstitution adjudicated case series from Iran that includes 9 pregnant women diagnosed with severe COVID-19 disease in their second or third trimester. All 9 pregnant women received a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction nucleic acid testing. Outcomes of these women were compared with their familial/household members with contact to the affected patient on or after their symptom onset. All data were reported at death or after a minimum of 14 days from date of admission with COVID-19 disease. Among 9 pregnant women with severe COVID-19 disease, at the time of reporting, 7 of 9 died, 1 of 9 remains critically ill and ventilator dependent, and 1 of 9 recovered after prolonged hospitalization. We obtained self-verified familial/household cohort data in all 9 cases, and in each and every instance, maternal outcomes were more severe compared with outcomes of other high- and low-risk familial/household members (n=33 members for comparison). We report herein maternal deaths owing to COVID-19 disease. Until rigorously collected surveillance data emerge, it is prudent to be aware of the potential for maternal death among pregnant women diagnosed as having COVID-19 disease in their second or third trimester."}, {"pmid": 32521191, "title": "Open questions for harnessing autophagy-modulating drugs in the SARS-CoV-2 war: Hope or Hype?", "journal": "Autophagy", "authors": ["Brest, Patrick", "Benzaquen, Jonathan", "Klionsky, Daniel J", "Hofman, Paul", "Mograbi, Baharia"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521191", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At a time when the world faces an emotional breakdown, crushing our dreams, if not, taking our lives, we realize that together we must fight the war against the COVID-19 outbreak even if almost the majority of the scientific community finds itself confined at home. Every day, we, scientists, listen to the latest news with its promises and announcements. Across the world, a surge of clinical trials trying to cure or slow down the coronavirus pandemic has been launched to bring hope instead of fear and despair. One first proposed clinical trial has drawn worldwide hype to the benefit of chloroquine (CQ), in the treatment of patients infected by the recently emerged deadly coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). We should consider this information in light of the long-standing anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties of CQ-related drugs. Yet, none of the articles promoting the use of CQ in the current pandemic evoked a possible molecular or cellular mechanism of action that could account for any efficacy. Here, given the interaction of viruses with macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy), a CQ-sensitive anti-viral safeguard pathway, we would like to discuss the pros, but also the cons concerning the current therapeutic options targeting this process."}, {"pmid": 32502693, "pmcid": "PMC7266597", "title": "The Australian response to the COVID-19 pandemic and diabetes - lessons learned.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Andrikopoulos, Sof", "Johnson, Greg"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502693", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the economy and health system of most countries in the world and this is also true of Australia. Australia has not seen the huge surge of COVID-19 positive cases and subsequent hospitalisations and deaths experienced in other parts of the world. However there have been important social and health strategies to \"flatten\" the curve, to reduce infections and to manage those infected. These have included closure of international and interstate borders, local lockdown measures, physical distancing, shift to work from home, closure of non-essential businesses and full or partial closure of all schools and tertiary education facilities. From the diabetes care perspective, there was a significant and concerted diversion of hospital resources and staff to COVID-19 specific activities. Reduced access to primary care, diagnostic and hospital services for diabetes, combined with fear of exposure to the virus in these settings, led to a significant drop in access to usual diabetes care. Provision of outpatient and private sector diabetes services via telehealth was encouraged and supported by expanded and new government subsidies. Importantly, for the first time, there was government funded subsidy for care delivered via the telephone and inclusion of credentialled diabetes educators in funded telephone/telehealth support. The Australian health professional and consumer organisations worked cooperatively producing guidelines, position statements and other educational resources specific for the COVID-19 setting. Once the COVID-19 pandemic is over, review of all the changes will be important, determining which should be permanently implemented. The learnings from COVID-19 should help prepare Australia for future pandemics or other major health crises."}, {"pmid": 32185368, "pmcid": "PMC7075272", "title": "A Novel Coronavirus Outbreak from Wuhan City in China, Rapid Need for Emergency Departments Preparedness and Response; a Letter to Editor.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Alavi-Moghaddam, Mostafa"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185368", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32083831, "title": "The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak: think the unthinkable and be prepared to face the challenge.", "journal": "Diagnosis (Berl)", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32083831", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334062, "pmcid": "PMC7175848", "title": "Current status of potential therapeutic candidates for the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Zhang, Jiancheng", "Xie, Bing", "Hashimoto, Kenji"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334062", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 15, 2020, the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic has swept through 213 countries and infected more than 1,870,000 individuals, posing an unprecedented threat to international health and the economy. There is currently no specific treatment available for patients with COVID-19 infection. The lessons learned from past management of respiratory viral infections have provided insights into treating COVID-19. Numerous potential therapies, including supportive intervention, immunomodulatory agents, antiviral therapy, and convalescent plasma transfusion, have been tentatively applied in clinical settings. A number of these therapies have provided substantially curative benefits in treating patients with COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, intensive research and clinical trials are underway to assess the efficacy of existing drugs and identify potential therapeutic targets to develop new drugs for treating COVID-19. Herein, we summarize the current potential therapeutic approaches for diseases related to COVID-19 infection and introduce their mechanisms of action, safety, and effectiveness."}, {"pmid": 32266995, "pmcid": "PMC7262272", "title": "Reply to Comments on 'Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV in a patient in Wuhan city, China'.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhu, Feng", "Cao, Yang", "Xu, Shuyun", "Zhou, Min"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266995", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489692, "pmcid": "PMC7220297", "title": "Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) and Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) as a Potential Therapy in Combating (COVID-19)-Disease.", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Gentile, Pietro", "Sterodimas, Aris"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489692", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent and interesting study reported improved respiratory activity after intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These outcomes displayed that intravenous infiltration of MSCs is a safe and efficacy treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia, a severe acute respiratory illness caused by the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Only 7 patients were treated, but with extraordinary results, opening a new strategy in COVID-19 therapy. Currently, no specific therapies against SARS-CoV-2 are available. The MSCs therapy outcomes reported, are striking, as these cells inhibit the over-activation of the immune system, promoting endogenous repair, by improving the lung microenvironment after the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The MSCs could represent an effective, autologous and safe therapy, and therefore, sharing these published results, here is reported the potential use possibilities in COVID-19 of the most common MSCs represented by Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs)."}, {"pmid": 32426754, "pmcid": "PMC7188422", "title": "The Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS): An International Registry of Coronavirus 2019-Related Critical Illness.", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Walkey, Allan J", "Kumar, Vishakha K", "Harhay, Michael O", "Bolesta, Scott", "Bansal, Vikas", "Gajic, Ognjen", "Kashyap, Rahul"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426754", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has disproportionally strained intensive care services worldwide. Large areas of uncertainly regarding epidemiology, physiology, practice patterns, and resource demands for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 require rapid collection and dissemination of data. We describe the conception and implementation of an intensive care database rapidly developed and designed to meet data analytic needs in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic-the multicenter, international Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Network Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study. Prospective cohort study and disease registry. Multinational cohort of ICUs. Critically ill patients with a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019. None. Within 2 weeks of conception of the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Network Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study, study leadership was convened, registry case report forms were designed, electronic data entry set up, and more than 250 centers had submitted the protocol for institutional review board approval, with more than 100 cases entered. The Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Network Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study provides an example of a rapidly deployed, international, pandemic registry that seeks to provide near real-time analytics and information regarding intensive care treatments and outcomes for patients with coronavirus disease 2019."}, {"pmid": 32525973, "title": "Approach to the Patient with Thyrotoxicosis Using Telemedicine.", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Griffith, Michelle L", "Bischoff, Lindsay A", "Baum, Howard B A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525973", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The potential for endocrine care via telemedicine has been recognized since the early 2000s when clinical outcome data demonstrated improvements in glycemic control with telemedicine. The widespread use of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic has pushed telemedicine beyond diabetes care and into clinical areas with a paucity of published data. The evaluation and treatment of thyrotoxicosis heavily relies on laboratory assessment and imaging with physical exam playing a role to help differentiate the etiology and assess the severity of thyrotoxicosis. We describe a patient presenting for evaluation of new thyrotoxicosis via telemedicine, and describe modifications to consider for thorough, safe evaluation via telemedicine. Telemedicine may be an ideal way to assess and treat patients with thyrotoxicosis who are not able to physically attend a visit with an endocrinologist but still have access to a laboratory for blood draws. Potential challenges include access to imaging and high-volume surgeons if needed. Clinical and economic outcomes of telemedicine care of thyrotoxicosis should be studied so that standards of care for endocrine telemedicine can be established."}, {"pmid": 32283243, "pmcid": "PMC7146668", "title": "Treatment considerations for patients with pemphigus during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Shakshouk, Hadir", "Daneshpazhooh, Maryam", "Murrell, Dedee F", "Lehman, Julia S"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283243", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347894, "title": "The Risks of Prescribing Hydroxychloroquine for Treatment of COVID-19-First, Do No Harm.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["DeJong, Colette", "Wachter, Robert M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347894", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528194, "pmcid": "PMC7282440", "title": "Perspectives on repositioning chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of Covid-19.", "journal": "Sudan J Paediatr", "authors": ["Adeel, Ahmed Awad"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528194", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now spreading as a pandemic ravaging the whole world. In the absence of a vaccine and an effective antiviral chemotherapy, there is currently an intense global interest in repositioning chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to combat the pandemic. CQ has been used for decades for the treatment and prophylaxis against malaria in endemic countries. It is readily available and has also been manufactured in these countries. CQ is cheap, stable under field conditions and has been well tolerated as an antimalarial. This experience could be adapted to deploy CQ or HCQ for prophylaxis or treatment of COVID19 if strong evidence could be generated for these uses. We believe that well-designed drug trials should be initiated in malaria-endemic countries, taking into account the local context of the epidemic and the capacity of the health system in combating it. In this paper, we are presenting the current status of evidence for using CQ and HCQ against COVID19."}, {"pmid": 32500828, "title": "Preparation for attending delivery of a positive/suspected COVID-19 mother - practical tips for neonatal teams.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Buchiboyina, Ashok", "Trawber, Rory", "Mehta, Shailender"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500828", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273618, "title": "How does COVID-19 kill? Uncertainty is hampering doctors' ability to choose treatments.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ledford, Heidi"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273618", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354815, "pmcid": "PMC7194752", "title": "Viewpoint: The COVID-19 and climate crises.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Morrison, Lesley"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354815", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32184474, "title": "How China is planning to go to Mars amid the coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184474", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32218549, "title": "Should scientists infect healthy people with the coronavirus to test vaccines?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218549", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222159, "pmcid": "PMC7194526", "title": "COVID-19 gives the lie to global health expertise.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Dalglish, Sarah L"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222159", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425000, "pmcid": "PMC7205601", "title": "An overview of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Shi, Yu", "Wang, Gang", "Cai, Xiao-Peng", "Deng, Jing-Wen", "Zheng, Lin", "Zhu, Hai-Hong", "Zheng, Min", "Yang, Bo", "Chen, Zhi"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425000", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection emerged in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. By Feb. 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially named the disease resulting from infection with SARS-CoV-2 as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 represents a spectrum of clinical manifestations that typically include fever, dry cough, and fatigue, often with pulmonary involvement. SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and most individuals within the population at large are susceptible to infection. Wild animal hosts and infected patients are currently the main sources of disease which is transmitted via respiratory droplets and direct contact. Since the outbreak, the Chinese government and scientific community have acted rapidly to identify the causative agent and promptly shared the viral gene sequence, and have carried out measures to contain the epidemic. Meanwhile, recent research has revealed critical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 biology and disease pathogenesis; other studies have focused on epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, as well as drug and vaccine development. This review aims to summarize the latest research findings and to provide expert consensus. We will also share ongoing efforts and experience in China, which may provide insight on how to contain the epidemic and improve our understanding of this emerging infectious disease, together with updated guidance for prevention, control, and critical management of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32043976, "pmcid": "PMC7128924", "title": "A contingency plan for the management of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in neonatal intensive care units.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Wang, Jianhui", "Qi, Hongbo", "Bao, Lei", "Li, Fang", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32043976", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476394, "title": "[Otorhinolaryngological aspects of the disease course in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus].", "journal": "Vestn Otorinolaringol", "authors": ["Rusetsky, Yu Yu", "MeYtel, I Yu", "Babayan, A R", "Malyavina, U S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476394", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, almost all over the world attention of doctors and scientists is focused on a new coronavirus infection, the source of which was the causative agent SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, early diagnosis, including on the basis of symptoms from ENT organs, is crucial. A brief analysis of the available literature on the peculiarities of ENT organs manifestations in patients with SARS-CoV-2 is given. It was found out that to date there is very little data on the state of loro organs in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and no data on anosmia in the pediatric population. However, it is in children in the epidemic aspect that early diagnosis of infection and understanding of its key symptoms is of utmost importance."}, {"pmid": 32412120, "title": "Call to action for a South American network to fight COVID-19 in pregnancy.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Costa, Maria L", "Pacagnella, Rodolfo C", "Guida, Jose P", "Souza, Renato T", "Charles, Charles M", "Lajos, Giuliane J", "Haddad, Samira M", "Fernandes, Karayna G", "Nobrega, Guilherme M", "Griggio, Thayna B", "Pabon, Stephanie L", "Serruya, Suzanne J", "Ribeiro-do-Valle, Carolina C", "Cecatti, Jose G"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412120", "countries": ["Brazil", "Ecuador", "Peru"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304647, "pmcid": "PMC7159877", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 shedding and infectivity.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Atkinson, Barry", "Petersen, Eskild"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304647", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496938, "title": "A case report of serious haemolysis in a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient COVID-19 patient receiving hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Maillart, E", "Leemans, S", "Van Noten, H", "Vandergraesen, T", "Mahadeb, B", "Salaouatchi, M T", "De Bels, D", "Clevenbergh, P"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496938", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the COVID-19 epidemic occurred since December 2019, as of end April 2020, no treatment has been validated or invalidated by accurate clinical trials. Use of hydroxychloroquine has been popularised on mass media and put forward as a valid treatment option without strong evidence of efficacy. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has its own side effects, some of which are very serious like acute haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient patients. Side effects may be worse than the disease itself. Belgian national treatment guidelines recommend the use of HCQ in mild to severe COVID-19 disease. As opinions, politics, media and beliefs are governing COVID-19 therapy, performance of randomised controlled blinded clinical trials became difficult. Results of sound clinical trials are eagerly awaited. We report a case of acute haemolysis leading to admission in intensive care unit and renal failure in a patient with uncovered G6PD deficiency."}, {"pmid": 32507464, "title": "One-Lung Ventilation: A Simple Technique to Reduce Air Contamination During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Kostroglou, Andreas", "Alevizou, Anastasia", "Sidiropoulou, Tatiana"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507464", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171055, "pmcid": "PMC7104043", "title": "Can Nigeria contain the COVID-19 outbreak using lessons from recent epidemics?", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Ebenso, Bassey", "Otu, Akaninyene"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171055", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502796, "pmcid": "PMC7256546", "title": "Changes in breast cancer management during the Corona Virus Disease 19 pandemic: An international survey of the European Breast Cancer Research Association of Surgical Trialists (EUBREAST).", "journal": "Breast", "authors": ["Gasparri, Maria Luisa", "Gentilini, Oreste Davide", "Lueftner, Diana", "Kuehn, Thorsten", "Kaidar-Person, Orit", "Poortmans, Philip"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502796", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) had a worldwide negative impact on healthcare systems, which were not used to coping with such pandemic. Adaptation strategies prioritizing COVID-19 patients included triage of patients and reduction or re-allocation of other services. The aim of our survey was to provide a real time international snapshot of modifications of breast cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was developed by a multidisciplinary group on behalf of European Breast Cancer Research Association of Surgical Trialists and distributed via breast cancer societies. One reply per breast unit was requested. In ten days, 377 breast centres from 41 countries completed the questionnaire. RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 prior to treatment was reported by 44.8% of the institutions. The estimated time interval between diagnosis and treatment initiation increased for about 20% of institutions. Indications for primary systemic therapy were modified in 56% (211/377), with upfront surgery increasing from 39.8% to 50.7% (p\u00a0<\u00a00.002) and from 33.7% to 42.2% (p\u00a0<\u00a00.016) in T1cN0 triple-negative and ER-negative/HER2-positive cases, respectively. Sixty-seven percent considered that chemotherapy increases risks for developing COVID-19 complications. Fifty-one percent of the responders reported modifications in chemotherapy protocols. Gene-expression profile used to evaluate the need for adjuvant chemotherapy increased in 18.8%. In luminal-A tumours, a large majority (68%) recommended endocrine treatment to postpone surgery. Postoperative radiation therapy was postponed in 20% of the cases. Breast cancer management was considerably modified during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our data provide a base to investigate whether these changes impact oncologic outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32521039, "title": "COVID19 and Headache: A Primer for Trainees.", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Bobker, Sarah M", "Robbins, Matthew S"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521039", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To summarize for the trainee audience the possible mechanisms of headache in patients with COVID19 as well as to outline the impact of the pandemic on patients with headache disorders and headache medicine in clinical practice. COVID19 is a global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, of which a large subset of patients features neurological symptoms, commonly headache. The virus is highly contagious and is, therefore, changing clinical practice by forcing the limitations of in-person visits and procedural treatments, more quickly shifting toward the widespread adaptation of telemedicine services. We review what is currently known about the pathophysiology of COVID19 and how it relates to possible mechanisms of headache, including indirect, potential direct, and secondary causes. Alternative options for the treatment of patients with headache disorders and the use of telemedicine are also explored. Limited information exists regarding the mechanisms and timing of headache in patients with COVID19, though causes relate to plausible direct viral invasion of the nervous system as well as the cytokine release syndrome. Though headache care in the COVID19 era requires alterations, the improved preventive treatment options now available and evidence for feasibility and safety of telemedicine well positions clinicians to take care of such patients, especially in the COVID19 epicenter of New York City."}, {"pmid": 32360856, "pmcid": "PMC7252077", "title": "Can hydroxychloroquine be useful in the prevention of COVID-19? An Italian survey in dermatological and rheumatological patients already under treatment.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Vastarella, Maria", "Patri, Angela", "Annunziata, Maria Carmela", "Cantelli, Mariateresa", "Nappa, Paola", "Tasso, Marco", "Costa, Luisa", "Caso, Francesco", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360856", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303838, "pmcid": "PMC7164332", "title": "Letter to the editor by Dobran Mauro, Paracino Riccardo, and Iacoangeli Maurizio regarding \"Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy.\" Zoia C, Bongetta D, Veiceschi P, Cenzato M, Di Meco F, Locatelli D, Boeris D, Fontanella MM. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020 Mar 28. doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04305-w.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Dobran, Mauro", "Paracino, Riccardo", "Iacoangeli, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303838", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491223, "title": "COVID-19: how it can look on the skin. Clinical and pathological features in twenty COVID-19 patients observed in Bologna, northeastern Italy.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Gaspari, Valeria", "Neri, Iria", "Misciali, Cosimo", "Patrizi, Annalisa"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491223", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Global public health is currently dealing with the explosive spread of the novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. This new type of viral pneumonia, spread from its first focus in Wuhan (Hubei, China) to across all the world, until a pandemic condition was declared. Clinically. the most common symptoms of the disease are cough and fever. More than 80% of patients have asymptomatic to moderate disease, but about 15% get severe pneumonia and 5% develope a multi-organ failure [2]."}, {"pmid": 32341111, "pmcid": "PMC7236837", "title": "Clinical phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2: implications for clinicians and researchers.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Rello, Jordi", "Storti, Enrico", "Belliato, Mirko", "Serrano, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341111", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with COVID-19 present a broad spectrum of clinical presentation. Whereas hypoxaemia is the marker of severity, different strategies of management should be customised to five specific individual phenotypes. Many intubated patients present with phenotype 4, characterised by pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction, being associated with severe hypoxaemia with \"normal\" (>40\u2005mL\u00b7cmH2O-1) lung compliance and likely representing pulmonary microvascular thrombosis. Phenotype 5 is often associated with high plasma procalcitonin and has low pulmonary compliance, Which is a result of co-infection or acute lung injury after noninvasive ventilation. Identifying these clinical phenotypes and applying a personalised approach would benefit the optimisation of therapies and improve outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32528616, "pmcid": "PMC7266477", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on bone marrow transplantation in Morocco.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Ahnach, Maryame", "Doghmi, Kamal"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528616", "countries": ["Morocco"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181483, "pmcid": "PMC7184328", "title": "Correlation between travellers departing from Wuhan before the Spring Festival and subsequent spread of COVID-19 to all provinces in China.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Zhong, Ping", "Guo, Songxue", "Chen, Ting"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181483", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502288, "title": "Melanoma defies 'lockdown': ongoing detection during Covid-19 in central London.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Schauer, A A", "Kulakov, E L", "Martyn-Simmons, C L", "Bunker, C B", "Edmonds, E"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502288", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges for Dermatology services, particularly the diagnosis and management of malignant melanoma (MM). Early detection and definitive surgical treatment are key to improving MM prognosis, and in England there is a suspected skin cancer referral pathway that facilitates specialist Dermatology assessment within two weeks. Here, we describe the impact of COVID-19 on MM detection, based on data from the a Dermatology Department in central London."}, {"pmid": 32340347, "pmcid": "PMC7215485", "title": "Airborne Transmission Route of COVID-19: Why 2 Meters/6 Feet of Inter-Personal Distance Could Not Be Enough.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Setti, Leonardo", "Passarini, Fabrizio", "De Gennaro, Gianluigi", "Barbieri, Pierluigi", "Perrone, Maria Grazia", "Borelli, Massimo", "Palmisani, Jolanda", "Di Gilio, Alessia", "Piscitelli, Prisco", "Miani, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340347", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused the shutdown of entire nations all over the world. In addition to mobility restrictions of people, the World Health Organization and the Governments have prescribed maintaining an inter-personal distance of 1.5 or 2 m (about 6 feet) from each other in order to minimize the risk of contagion through the droplets that we usually disseminate around us from nose and mouth. However, recently published studies support the hypothesis of virus transmission over a distance of 2 m from an infected person. Researchers have proved the higher aerosol and surface stability of SARS-COV-2 as compared with SARS-COV-1 (with the virus remaining viable and infectious in aerosol for hours) and that airborne transmission of SARS-CoV can occur besides close-distance contacts. Indeed, there is reasonable evidence about the possibility of SARS-COV-2 airborne transmission due to its persistence into aerosol droplets in a viable and infectious form. Based on the available knowledge and epidemiological observations, it is plausible that small particles containing the virus may diffuse in indoor environments covering distances up to 10 m from the emission sources, thus representing a kind of aerosol transmission. On-field studies carried out inside Wuhan Hospitals showed the presence of SARS-COV-2 RNA in air samples collected in the hospitals and also in the surroundings, leading to the conclusion that the airborne route has to be considered an important pathway for viral diffusion. Similar findings are reported in analyses concerning air samples collected at the Nebraska University Hospital. On March 16th, we have released a Position Paper emphasizing the airborne route as a possible additional factor for interpreting the anomalous COVID-19 outbreaks in northern Italy, ranked as one of the most polluted areas in Europe and characterized by high particulate matter (PM) concentrations. The available information on the SARS-COV-2 spreading supports the hypothesis of airborne diffusion of infected droplets from person to person at a distance greater than two meters (6 feet). The inter-personal distance of 2 m can be reasonably considered as an effective protection only if everybody wears face masks in daily life activities."}, {"pmid": 32284192, "pmcid": "PMC7135685", "title": "[Coronavirus and primary care].", "journal": "Aten Primaria", "authors": ["Llor, Carles", "Moragas, Ana"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284192", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522507, "title": "Risk of Severe COVID-19 in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in United States. A Multicenter Research Network Study.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Singh, Shailendra", "Khan, Ahmad", "Chowdhry, Monica", "Bilal, Mohammad", "Kochhar, Gursimran S", "Clarke, Kofi"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522507", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251623, "pmcid": "PMC7270461", "title": "Preparedness for COVID-19 in the oncology community in Africa.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Vanderpuye, Verna", "Elhassan, Moawia Mohammed Ali", "Simonds, Hannah"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496743, "pmcid": "PMC7219838", "title": "Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Crisis: An Orthopaedic Perspective.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Anoushiravani, Afshin A", "O'Connor, Casey M", "DiCaprio, Matthew R", "Iorio, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496743", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400371, "title": "[Anosmia and ageusia as primary symptoms of COVID-19].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Haldrup, Mette", "Johansen, Mikkel Illemann", "Fjaeldstad, Alexander Wieck"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400371", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This case report describes a physician in the early 30ies with subjective anosmia and ageusia as the major presenting symptoms of COVID-19. Apart from a week of slightly runny nose when coming from cold to warm air, the only symptom was a sudden onset of persistent anosmia and ageusia. Two weeks after normalisation of the mild sino-nasal symptoms, the patient was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and anosmia was verified with Sniffin' Sticks tests. Hypogeusia was verified with taste screening and two validated taste tests. Olfactory and gustatory loss may be underestimated symptoms of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32427056, "title": "Timing of Tracheotomy in Intubated Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Delides, Alexander", "Maragoudakis, Pavlos", "Nikolopoulos, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427056", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Timing of elective tracheotomy in the intensive care unit for intubated patients with COVID-19 is still unclear. Recent recommendations and guidelines describe the surgical steps to achieve maximum protection of the involved medical staff and propose a delay of the procedure, so the viral load is decreased. Most authors of these recommendations agree that tracheotomy should be performed after at least 14 days from intubation, but data on this subject are still lacking. We discuss the issue of timing for such a procedure in regard to viral load and propose that the decision should be predominately based on its calculation."}, {"pmid": 32243122, "title": "COVID-19: a time of crisis, but also of surgical opportunity and optimism", "journal": "Can J Surg", "authors": ["Ball, Chad G."], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243122", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237261, "pmcid": "PMC7228391", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak and rheumatologic skin diseases.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Arora, Gulhima", "Kassir, Martin", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Galadari, Hassan", "Lotti, Torello", "Satolli, Francesca", "Sadoughifar, Roxanna", "Sitkowska, Zuzanna", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237261", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496206, "title": "Viewpoint: Epidemiological observation from a smartphone self-assessment web-application for suspected COVID-19 patients' triage: association of anosmia and outbreak extension in France.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Denis, Fabrice", "Galmiche, Simon", "Dinh, Aurelien", "Fontanet, Arnaud", "Scherpereel, Arnaud", "Benezit, Francois", "Lescure, Francois-Xavier"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496206", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We developed a self-assessment and participatory surveillance web application for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was launched in France in March 2020. Our objective was to determine if self-reported symptoms could help monitor the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in France. Users were asked questions about underlying conditions, sociodemographic status, zip code, and COVID-19 symptoms. Depending on the symptoms reported and the presence of coexisting disorders, users were told to either stay at home, contact a general practitioner (GP), or call an emergency phone number. Data regarding COVID-19-related hospitalizations were retrieved from the Ministry of Health. As of March 29, 2020, the application was opened 4,126,789 times; 3,799,535 electronic questionnaires were filled out; and 2,477,174 users had at least one symptom. In total, 34.8% (n=1,322,361) reported no symptoms. The remaining users were directed to self-monitoring (n=858,878, 22.6%), GP visit or teleconsultation (n=1,033,922, 27.2%), or an emergency phone call (n=584,374, 15.4%). Emergency warning signs were reported by 39.1% of participants with anosmia, a loss of the sense of smell (n=127,586) versus 22.7% of participants without anosmia (n=1,597,289). Anosmia and fever and/or cough were correlated with hospitalizations for COVID-19 (Spearman correlation coefficients=0.87 and 0.82, respectively; P<.001 for both). This study suggests that anosmia may be strongly associated with COVID-19 and its severity. Despite a lack of medical assessment and virological confirmation, self-checking application data could be a relevant tool to monitor outbreak trends. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04331171; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04331171."}, {"pmid": 32409516, "title": "Proximal humeral fracture surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic: advocacy for regional anesthesia.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Tognu, Andrea", "Barbara, Enrico", "Pacini, Ilaria", "Bosco, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409516", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346988, "pmcid": "PMC7267149", "title": "Summary of recommendations regarding COVID-19 in children with diabetes: Keep Calm and Mind your Diabetes Care and Public Health Advice.", "journal": "Pediatr Diabetes", "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346988", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213305, "pmcid": "PMC7156802", "title": "COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for dengue.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213305", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475022, "title": "Management of breast cancer in an EUSOMA-accredited Breast Unit in Lombardy, Italy, during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Breast J", "authors": ["Corsi, Fabio", "Caruso, Annalisa", "Albasini, Sara", "Bossi, Daniela", "Polizzi, Andrea", "Piccotti, Francesca", "Truffi, Marta"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475022", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534340, "title": "The intriguing commonality of NETosis between COVID-19 & Periodontal disease.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Gupta, Shipra", "Sahni, Vaibhav"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534340", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "NETosis, being an alternative form of cell death is the creation of web-like chromatin decondensates by suitably primed neutrophils as a response to stimulus aimed at containing and eliminating the same. In certain situations, it causes more harm than benefit in the form of bystander damage directly or via activation of autoimmune mechanisms. Such pathophysiology finds evidence in both Periodontal disease and COVID-19. Coupled with impaired removal, NETs have been implicated in both these disease forms to promote a state of inflammation and be a source of constant harm to the tissues involved. This potentially forms groundwork to implicate Periodontal disease as predisposing towards adverse COVID-19 related outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32300673, "pmcid": "PMC7161481", "title": "Genomic characterization of a novel SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Gene Rep", "authors": ["Khailany, Rozhgar A", "Safdar, Muhamad", "Ozaslan, Mehmet"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300673", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated with human to human transmission and extreme human sickness has been as of late announced from the city of Wuhan in China. Our objectives were to mutation analysis between recently reported genomes at various times and locations and to characterize the genomic structure of SARS-CoV-2 using bioinformatics programs. Information on the variation of viruses is of considerable medical and biological impacts on the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of infectious diseases. To understand the genomic structure and variations of the SARS-CoV-2. The study analyzed 95 SARS-CoV-2 complete genome sequences available in GenBank, National MicrobiologyData Center (NMDC) and NGDC Genome Warehouse from December-2019 until 05 of April-2020. The genomic signature analysis demonstrates that a strong association between the time of sample collection, location of sample and accumulation of genetic diversity. We found 116 mutations, the three most common mutations were 8782C>T in ORF1ab gene, 28144T>C in ORF8 gene and 29095C>T in the N gene. The mutations might affect the severity and spread of the SARS-CoV-2. The finding heavily supports an intense requirement for additional prompt, inclusive investigations that combine genomic detail, epidemiological information and graph records of the clinical features of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32407836, "pmcid": "PMC7212968", "title": "Longitudinal hematologic and immunologic variations associated with the progression of COVID-19 patients in China.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Chen, Ruchong", "Sang, Ling", "Jiang, Mei", "Yang, Zhaowei", "Jia, Nan", "Fu, Wanyi", "Xie, Jiaxing", "Guan, Weijie", "Liang, Wenhua", "Ni, Zhengyi", "Hu, Yu", "Liu, Lei", "Shan, Hong", "Lei, Chunliang", "Peng, Yixiang", "Wei, Li", "Liu, Yong", "Hu, Yahua", "Peng, Peng", "Wang, Jianming", "Liu, Jiyang", "Chen, Zhong", "Li, Gang", "Zheng, Zhijian", "Qiu, Shaoqin", "Luo, Jie", "Ye, Changjiang", "Zhu, Shaoyong", "Zheng, Jinping", "Zhang, Nuofu", "Li, Yimin", "He, Jianxing", "Li, Jing", "Li, Shiyue", "Zhong, Nanshan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407836", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Crucial roles of hematologic and immunologic responses in progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain largely unclear. We sought to address the dynamic changes in hematologic and immunologic biomarkers and their associations with severity and outcomes of COVID-19. A retrospective study including 548 patients with COVID-19 with clarified outcome (discharged or deceased) from a national cohort in China was performed. Cross-sectional and longitudinal variations were compared and the associations with different severity and outcomes were analyzed. On admission, the counts of lymphocytes, T-cell subsets, eosinophils, and platelets decreased markedly, especially in severe/critical and fatal patients. Increased neutrophil count and neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio were predominant in severe/critical cases or nonsurvivors. During hospitalization, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and platelets showed an increasing trend in survivors, but maintained lower levels or dropped significantly afterwards in nonsurvivors. Nonsurvivors kept a high level or showed an upward trend for neutrophils, IL-6, procalcitonin, D-dimer, amyloid A protein, and C-reactive protein, which were kept stable or showed a downward trend in survivors. Positive correlation between CD8+ T-cell and lymphocytes count was found in survivors but not in nonsurvivors. A multivariate Cox regression model suggested that restored levels of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and platelets could serve as predictors for recovery, whereas progressive increases in neutrophils, basophils, and IL-6 were associated with fatal outcome. Hematologic and immunologic impairment showed a significantly different profile between survivors and nonsurvivors in patients with COVID-19 with different severity. The longitudinal variations in these biomarkers could serve to predict recovery or fatal outcome."}, {"pmid": 32369433, "title": "\"We're Not Ready, But I Don't Think You're Ever Ready.\" Clinician Perspectives on Implementation of Crisis Standards of Care.", "journal": "AJOB Empir Bioeth", "authors": ["Chuang, Elizabeth", "Cuartas, Pablo A", "Powell, Tia", "Gong, Michelle Ng"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369433", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted health care systems' vulnerabilities. Hospitals face increasing risk of periods of scarcity of life-sustaining resources such as ventilators for mechanical respiratory support, as has been the case in Italy as of March, 2020. The National Academy of Medicine has provided guidance on crisis standards of care, which call for the reallocation of scarce medical resources to those who will benefit most during extreme situations. Given that this will require a departure from the usual fiduciary duty of the bedside clinician, we determined and mapped potential barriers to the implementation of the guidelines from stakeholders using an implementation science framework. Methods: A protocol was created to operationalize national and state guidelines for triaging ventilators during crisis conditions. Focus groups and key informant interviews were conducted from July-September 2018 with clinicians at three acute care hospitals of an urban academic medical center. Respiratory therapists, intensivists, nursing leadership and the palliative care interdisciplinary team participated in focus groups. Key informant interviews were conducted with emergency management, respiratory therapy and emergency medicine. Subjects were presented the protocol and their reflections were elicited using a semi-structured interview guide. Data from transcripts and notes were categorized using a coding strategy based on the Theoretical Domains Framework. Results: Participants anticipated that implementing this protocol would challenge their roles and identities as clinicians including both their fiduciary duty to the patient and their decision-making autonomy. Despite this, many participants acknowledged the need for such a protocol to standardize care and minimize bias as well as to mitigate potential consequences for individual clinicians. Participants identified the question of considering patient quality of life in triage decisions as an important and unresolved ethical issue in disaster triage. Conclusion: Clinicians' discomfort with shifting roles and obligations could pose implementation barriers for crisis standards of care."}, {"pmid": 32346814, "pmcid": "PMC7188455", "title": "Severe hypocalcemia in a thyroidectomized woman with Covid-19 infection.", "journal": "Endocrine", "authors": ["Bossoni, Simonetta", "Chiesa, Laura", "Giustina, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346814", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342864, "pmcid": "PMC7141475", "title": "Bracing for impact with new 4R's in the COVID-19 pandemic - A provincial thoracic radiation oncology consensus.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Rathod, Shrinivas", "Dubey, Arbind", "Bashir, Bashir", "Sivananthan, Gokulan", "Leylek, Ahmet", "Chowdhury, Amitava", "Koul, Rashmi"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342864", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As COVID-19 pandemic continues to explode, cancer centers worldwide are trying to adapt and are struggling with this constantly changing scenario. Intending to ensure patient safety and deliver quality care, we sought consensus on the preferred thoracic radiation regimen in a Canadian province with 4 new R's of COVID era."}, {"pmid": 32497914, "pmcid": "PMC7211651", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Insights from a British cardiac center.", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Abdelaziz, Hesham K", "Abdelrahman, Amr", "Nabi, Amjad", "Debski, Maciej", "Mentias, Amgad", "Choudhury, Tawfiq", "Patel, Billal", "Saad, Marwan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497914", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current study aimed to examine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patient-related delay with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) at a tertiary center in the United Kingdom. The study demonstrated a significant delay in symptom-to-first medical contact and a higher cardiac troponin-I level on admission in patients with STEMI during the COVID-19 pandemic versus the pre-COVID era."}, {"pmid": 32318865, "pmcid": "PMC7171437", "title": "Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences of Viral Toxicities and Host Immune Response.", "journal": "Curr Cardiol Rep", "authors": ["Zhu, Han", "Rhee, June-Wha", "Cheng, Paul", "Waliany, Sarah", "Chang, Amy", "Witteles, Ronald M", "Maecker, Holden", "Davis, Mark M", "Nguyen, Patricia K", "Wu, Sean M"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318865", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. While cardiac injury has been demonstrated in critically ill COVID-19 patients, the mechanism of injury remains unclear. Here, we review our current knowledge of the biology of SARS-CoV-2 and the potential mechanisms of myocardial injury due to viral toxicities and host immune responses. A number of studies have reported an epidemiological association between history of cardiac disease and worsened outcome during COVID infection. Development of new onset myocardial injury during COVID-19 also increases mortality. While limited data exist, potential mechanisms of cardiac injury include direct viral entry through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and toxicity in host cells, hypoxia-related myocyte injury, and immune-mediated cytokine release syndrome. Potential treatments for reducing viral infection and excessive immune responses are also discussed. COVID patients with cardiac disease history or acquire new cardiac injury are at an increased risk for in-hospital morbidity and mortality. More studies are needed to address the mechanism of cardiotoxicity and the treatments that can minimize permanent damage to the cardiovascular system."}, {"pmid": 32474885, "pmcid": "PMC7260446", "title": "Cytokine storm in COVID-19: pathogenesis and overview of anti-inflammatory agents used in treatment.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Soy, Mehmet", "Keser, Gokhan", "Atagunduz, Pamir", "Tabak, Fehmi", "Atagunduz, Isik", "Kayhan, Servet"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474885", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 infection has a heterogenous disease course; it may be asymptomatic or causes only mild symptoms in the majority of the cases, while immunologic complications such as macrophage activation syndrome also known as secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, resulting in cytokine storm syndrome and acute\u00a0respiratory distress syndrome, may also occur in some patients. According to current literature, impairment of SARS-CoV-2 clearance due to genetic and viral features, lower levels of interferons, increased neutrophil extracellular traps, and increased pyroptosis and probable other unknown mechanisms create a background for severe disease course complicated by macrophage activation syndrome and cytokine storm. Various genetic mutations may also constitute a risk factor for severe disease course and occurrence of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Once, immunologic complications like cytokine storm occur, anti-viral treatment alone is not enough and should be combined with appropriate anti-inflammatory treatment. Anti-rheumatic drugs, which are tried for managing immunologic complications of COVID-19 infection, will also be discussed including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, JAK inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, IL-1 inhibitors, anti-TNF-\u03b1 agents, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and colchicine. Early recognition and appropriate treatment of immunologic complications will decrease the morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 infection, which requires the collaboration of infectious disease, lung, and intensive care unit specialists with other experts such as immunologists, rheumatologists, and hematologists."}, {"pmid": 32325426, "pmcid": "PMC7202309", "title": "Conversations and Medical News Frames on Twitter: Infodemiological Study on COVID-19 in South Korea.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Park, Han Woo", "Park, Sejung", "Chong, Miyoung"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325426", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2) was spreading rapidly in South Korea at the end of February 2020 following its initial outbreak in China, making Korea the new center of global attention. The role of social media amid the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has often been criticized, but little systematic research has been conducted on this issue. Social media functions as a convenient source of information in pandemic situations. Few infodemiology studies have applied network analysis in conjunction with content analysis. This study investigates information transmission networks and news-sharing behaviors regarding COVID-19 on Twitter in Korea. The real time aggregation of social media data can serve as a starting point for designing strategic messages for health campaigns and establishing an effective communication system during this outbreak. Korean COVID-19-related Twitter data were collected on February 29, 2020. Our final sample comprised of 43,832 users and 78,233 relationships on Twitter. We generated four networks in terms of key issues regarding COVID-19 in Korea. This study comparatively investigates how COVID-19-related issues have circulated on Twitter through network analysis. Next, we classified top news channels shared via tweets. Lastly, we conducted a content analysis of news frames used in the top-shared sources. The network analysis suggests that the spread of information was faster in the Coronavirus network than in the other networks (Corona19, Shincheon, and Daegu). People who used the word \"Coronavirus\" communicated more frequently with each other. The spread of information was faster, and the diameter value was lower than for those who used other terms. Many of the news items highlighted the positive roles being played by individuals and groups, directing readers' attention to the crisis. Ethical issues such as deviant behavior among the population and an entertainment frame highlighting celebrity donations also emerged often. There was a significant difference in the use of nonportal (n=14) and portal news (n=26) sites between the four network types. The news frames used in the top sources were similar across the networks (P=.89, 95% CI 0.004-0.006). Tweets containing medically framed news articles (mean 7.571, SD 1.988) were found to be more popular than tweets that included news articles adopting nonmedical frames (mean 5.060, SD 2.904; N=40, P=.03, 95% CI 0.169-4.852). Most of the popular news on Twitter had nonmedical frames. Nevertheless, the spillover effect of the news articles that delivered medical information about COVID-19 was greater than that of news with nonmedical frames. Social media network analytics cannot replace the work of public health officials; however, monitoring public conversations and media news that propagates rapidly can assist public health professionals in their complex and fast-paced decision-making processes."}, {"pmid": 32212348, "title": "Why is COVID-19 so mild in children?", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Brodin, Petter"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212348", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414963, "title": "Changes to calf bTB testing during Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414963", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448783, "title": "Impact of delayed diagnoses at the time of COVID-19: increased rate of preventable bilateral blindness in giant cell arteritis.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Delvino, Paolo", "Bellis, Elisa", "Milanesi, Alessandra", "Brandolino, Fabio", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448783", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233049, "title": "ISUOG Consensus Statement on organization of routine and specialist obstetric ultrasound services in context of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Abu-Rustum, R S", "Akolekar, R", "Sotiriadis, A", "Salomon, L J", "Costa, F Da Silva", "Wu, Q", "Frusca, T", "Bilardo, C M", "Prefumo, F", "Poon, L C"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233049", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291202, "pmcid": "PMC7151362", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak: From \"black swan\" to global challenges and opportunities.", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Mazzoleni, Stefano", "Turchetti, Giuseppe", "Ambrosino, Nicolino"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291202", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406507, "pmcid": "PMC7239109", "title": "Changes in the work mode of cardiologists during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Cheng, Xiang", "Ma, Changsheng", "Han, Yaling"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406507", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359404, "pmcid": "PMC7251992", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the symptomatic diagnosis of cancer: the view from primary care.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Jones, Daniel", "Neal, Richard D", "Duffy, Sean R G", "Scott, Suzanne E", "Whitaker, Katriina L", "Brain, Kate"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359404", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432787, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 identification in lungs, heart and kidney specimens by transmission and scanning electron microscopy.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Pesaresi, M", "Pirani, F", "Tagliabracci, A", "Valsecchi, M", "Procopio, A D", "Busardo, F P", "Graciotti, L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432787", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From two COVID-19-related deaths, samples of lung, heart and kidney were collected and processed for Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM and SEM) with the aim of identifying the virus. Virions of SARS-CoV-2 were found in all tissues by TEM and SEM, corroborating the hypothesis that the virus enters the cells of different organs. This is the first report identifying SARS-CoV-2 in different human tissues by TEM and SEM."}, {"pmid": 32533664, "title": "Hospital Pharmacy: Comprehensive management of medical devices during SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Climent-Ballester, Seira", "Selva-Otaolaurruchi, Juan"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533664", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical devices have become essential to the prevention and control of\u00a0the\u00a0 COVID-19 pandemic, being crucial for health professionals and patients\u00a0in\u00a0 particular, and the population in general.\u00a0It is important to be aware of the laws\u00a0 that regulate the management,\u00a0distribution, and control of medical devices.\u00a0 Article 82 of the Spanish\u00a0Law 29/2006 on Guarantees and Rational Use of\u00a0 Medicines and Medical\u00a0Devices establishes that it is the responsibility of Hospital\u00a0 Pharmacy\u00a0Services \"to participate in and coordinate the purchase of medicines\u00a0and medical devices in the hospital to ensure an efficient acquisition\u00a0 and\u00a0rational use of medical devices\". For this reason, working groups of the\u00a0Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy and other scientific societies have\u00a0issued technical guidelines and consensus statements to provide technical\u00a0support and updated information on the use of masks, individual\u00a0 protection\u00a0equipments and other medical devices.\u00a0In addition, the shortage of\u00a0 medical devices caused by the high demand\u00a0has resulted in the uncontrolled\u00a0 production and distribution of medical devices.\u00a0This phenomenon, added to the\u00a0 fraudulent selling of medical devices,\u00a0highlights the need for a closer surveillance of the market to guarantee the\u00a0efficacy and safety of available medical devices.\u00a0A rational use of medical devices is necessary to ensure the availability\u00a0and safety of these products, which requires the involvement of\u00a0 different\u00a0stakeholders, including hospital pharmacists. Thus, it is essential that\u00a0 hospital\u00a0pharmacists receive specific training in technical aspects concerning the\u00a0possession and use of medical devices. This will help guarantee an effective\u00a0and safe use of medical products. The acquisition and use of medical\u00a0 devices requires a keen understanding of the technical and legal aspects\u00a0 concerning these products, which makes hospital pharmacists essential for the\u00a0 integral management of medical devices."}, {"pmid": 32360995, "pmcid": "PMC7191298", "title": "No evidence for an increased liver uptake of SARS-CoV-2 in metabolic associated fatty liver disease.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Biquard, Louise", "Valla, Dominique", "Rautou, Pierre-Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360995", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458333, "pmcid": "PMC7250248", "title": "Catastrophic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Two Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurocrit Care", "authors": ["Carroll, Elizabeth", "Lewis, Ariane"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458333", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425209, "pmcid": "PMC7231729", "title": "COVID-19 and cardiopulmonary resuscitation: the recommended N95 mask may not be adequate.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Wong, Patrick", "Kim Ong, Sharon Gek", "Lim, Wan Yen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425209", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356225, "pmcid": "PMC7191133", "title": "Intravesical therapy for bladder cancer in the pandemic of Covid-19.", "journal": "World J Urol", "authors": ["Teoh, Jeremy Y C", "Roupret, Morgan", "Shariat, Shahrokh F", "Herrmann, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438942, "title": "The Performance of the Iranian Red Crescent by Launching Testing Centers for the Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Seddighi, Hamed"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438942", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) screening project has been conducted by the Red Crescent Society for 17 days with the aim of identifying and treating people with COVID-19, reducing road trips, and sensitizing people to the problem. Due to the shortage of testing devices, passengers were screened by measuring skin temperature. In 851 screening posts, 95 371 volunteers of Red Crescent monitored 21 640 866 people.Besides screening people, the stations have had other functions, including urging people to stay at home, restricting road trips, especially during the Iranian New Year holidays, reassuring the people that all relevant organizations are doing their best to respond to COVID-19, and the like. However, future research is still needed to analyze the cost-benefit of this plan and other possible options."}, {"pmid": 32315756, "pmcid": "PMC7165291", "title": "Challenges of managing the asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rahimi, Farid", "Talebi Bezmin Abadi, Amin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315756", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After an outbreak in Wuhan, China, a growing number of countries are now suffering from an epidemic by SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. Undoubtedly, reports of the skyrocketing global spread of COVID-19 has shocked people globally, from Japan to the United States. Presently, the World Health Organization indicates that the fatality rate due to COVID-19 is about 2%, inferring that many positive subjects may potentially overcome the illness with mild influenza-like symptoms and no need for hospitalization at intensive-care units. Because COVID-19 is completely new to the human immune system, many throughout the world are likely vulnerable to becoming sick after their initial exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Besides hospitalized cases, many individuals are likely asymptomatic but potentially carry the virus. While our knowledge about carriers and their virus shedding is deficient, some studies modelling the viral transmission have considered the potential contribution of the asymptomatic carriers. Protocols for managing asymptomatic cases, for example for controlling them to restrict their contact with healthy people at public places or private residences, have not been established. In-house quarantine may as well be applicable to asymptomatic cases if they could be identified and diagnosed. Presumably now, the asymptomatic subjects potentially contribute to the transmission of COVID-19 without their knowledge, intention, or being diagnosed as carriers. Thus, managing the asymptomatic subjects, who can carry and likely transmit the virus, is a major healthcare challenge while the pandemic is looming."}, {"pmid": 32448589, "pmcid": "PMC7252102", "title": "Drive-Through Testing: A Unique, Efficient Method of Collecting Large Volume of Specimens During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Shah, Aditya", "Challener, Douglas", "Tande, Aaron J", "Mahmood, Maryam", "O'Horo, John C", "Berbari, Elie", "Crane, Sarah J"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448589", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic in March 2020. A major challenge in this worldwide pandemic has been efficient and effective large-scale testing for the disease. In this communication, we discuss lessons learned in the set up and function of a locally organized drive-through testing facility."}, {"pmid": 32331818, "pmcid": "PMC7151391", "title": "Commentary: Challenges to thoracic surgeons in the global coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Zhang, Yang", "Chen, Haiquan"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331818", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32161416, "title": "Politicians: please work together to minimise the spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Murdoch, David", "Addidle, Michael", "Andersson, Hanna-Sofia", "Arnold, Brendan", "Balm, Michelle", "Benschop, Jackie", "Betty, Bryan", "Birch, Mark", "Bloomfield, Max", "Brunton, Cheryl", "Burns, Andrew", "Chambers, Stephen", "Cook, Lynley", "Dalton, Simon", "Duncan, Harvey", "Elvy, Juliet", "Everts, Richard", "Freeman, Joshua", "French, Nigel", "Grimwade, Kate", "Hammer, David", "Hayman, David", "Holland, David", "Hudson, Ben", "Huggan, Paul", "Ikram, Rosemary", "Jack, Susan", "Kelly, Matthew", "Lamont, Iain", "Maze, Michael", "McAuliffe, Gary", "McBride, Stephen", "Metcalf, Sarah", "Morpeth, Susan", "Morris, Arthur", "Murton, Samantha", "Pink, Ramon", "Pithie, Alan", "Pitout, Martin", "Priest, Patricia", "Raymond, Nigel", "Read, Kerry", "Ritchie, Stephen", "Rogers, Matthew", "Schroeder, Philip", "Taylor, Susan", "Taylor, James", "Thomas, Mark", "Upton, Arlo", "Ussher, James", "Werno, Anja", "Wiles, Siouxsie"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161416", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345828, "title": "Challenges for the Pediatricians During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019) Pandemic Start From the Neonatal Period.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Gkentzi, Despoina", "Karatza, Ageliki", "Dimitriou, Gabriel"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345828", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378315, "pmcid": "PMC7267171", "title": "Use of Face Masks in Dermatology Department During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Goldust, Mohamad", "Kroumpouzos, George", "Murrell, Dedee F", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Wollina, Uwe", "Shivakumar, Swathi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378315", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32153171, "title": "[Medical management and prevention instruction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32153171", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was of clustering onset in China and challenging the Chinese healthcare system. Epidemiological data showed that older patients with chronic diseases were at high risk of the involvement of the severe and critical type of COVID-19, especially patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) resulting in high mortalities. There were nearly 100 million COPD patients in China, and most of them were elderly. Once infected with COVID-19, it would be life-threatening for the COPD patients. Therefore, during the epidemic, it was of vital significance for us to attach great importance to optimize the management of COPD patients. Based on these considerations, the COPD Group of the Chinese Thoracic Society (CTS) and the COPD working Committee of the Chinese Association of Chest Physicians (CACP) altogether drafted the instruction for medical management and prevention of COPD during the COVID-19 epidemic period for the healthcare practitioner and patients."}, {"pmid": 32198239, "title": "EMS to stop during coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198239", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32164708, "pmcid": "PMC7069035", "title": "What further should be done to control COVID-19 outbreaks in addition to cases isolation and contact tracing measures?", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["He, Zhenjian"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32164708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394997, "pmcid": "PMC7211621", "title": "Information Resource Orchestration during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study of Community Lockdowns in China.", "journal": "Int J Inf Manage", "authors": ["Pan, Shan L", "Cui, Miao", "Qian, Jinfang"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394997", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has created significant challenges for people worldwide. To combat the virus, one of the most dramatic measures was the lockdown of 4 billion people in what is believed to be the largest quasi-quarantine in human history. As a response to the call to study information behavior during a global health crisis, we adopted a resource orchestration perspective to investigate six Chinese families who survived the lockdown. We explored how elderly, young and middle-aged individuals and children resourced information and how they adapted their information behavior to emerging online technologies. Two information resource orchestration practices (information resourcing activities and information behavior adaptation activities) and three mechanisms (online emergence and convergence in community resilience, the overcoming of information flow impediments, and the application of absorptive capacity) were identified in the study."}, {"pmid": 32504757, "title": "Protective role of ACE2 and its downregulation in SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to Macrophage Activation Syndrome: Therapeutic implications.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Banu, Nehla", "Panikar, Sandeep Surendra", "Leal, Lizbeth Riera", "Leal, Annie Riera"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504757", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the international scientific community has joined forces to develop effective treatment strategies. The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) 2, is an essential receptor for cell fusion and engulfs the SARS coronavirus infections. ACE2 plays an important physiological role, practically in all the organs and systems. Also, ACE2 exerts protective functions in various models of pathologies with acute and chronic inflammation. While ACE2 downregulation by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein leads to an overactivation of Angiotensin (Ang) II/AT1R axis and the deleterious effects of Ang II may explain the multiorgan dysfunction seen in patients. Specifically, the role of Ang II leading to the appearance of Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) and the cytokine storm in COVID-19 is discussed below. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress in the strategies of treatments that mainly focus on reducing the Ang II-induced deleterious effects rather than attenuating the virus replication."}, {"pmid": 32488173, "pmcid": "PMC7264971", "title": "Antimicrobial use, drug-resistant infections and COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Microbiol", "authors": ["Rawson, Timothy M", "Ming, Damien", "Ahmad, Raheelah", "Moore, Luke S P", "Holmes, Alison H"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488173", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500135, "title": "Leveraging pharmacy residents during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Mostafavifar, Lisa Glance", "Groff, Lindsey T"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500135", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412984, "title": "Well-Being During Coronavirus Disease 2019: A PICU Practical Perspective.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Donnelly, Peter D", "Davidson, Mark", "Dunlop, Neil", "McGale, Marie", "Milligan, Eileen", "Worrall, Mark", "Wylie, Joanne", "Kidson, Christopher"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412984", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The importance of promoting well-being for healthcare professionals has never been as important as during the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. It is recognized that the concept of well-being is a multifaceted phenomenon which is influenced by individual, team, and system characteristics. We outline an approach to practically initiating supportive strategies within the PICU using a well-being approach to improve baseline resilience alongside an acute rescue strategy utilizing a peer-support network. These strategies are practical interventions and we share them with the aim of encouraging the international PICU community to use these or other strategies to support their teams. We encourage shared learning and collaboration during these difficult times."}, {"pmid": 32317164, "pmcid": "PMC7166252", "title": "[Clozapine prescription in the wake of the coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) outbreak: What measures? Why?]", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Ben Dhia, A", "Hamzaoui, S", "Mouaffak, F"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317164", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344032, "pmcid": "PMC7194688", "title": "Regarding \"Understanding the 'Scope' of the Problem: Why Laparoscopy Is Considered Safe during the COVID-19 Pandemic\".", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Aminnejad, Reza", "Salimi, Alireza", "Bastanhagh, Ehsan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344032", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516041, "title": "The quest to find an effective vaccine for COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Glasper, Alan"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516041", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, delves into history and discusses the international quest to develop an effective vaccine to tackle COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32370269, "title": "Smoking and SARS-CoV-2 Disease (COVID-19): Dangerous Liaisons or Confusing Relationships?", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Li Volti, Giovanni", "Caruso, Massimo", "Polosa, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370269", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with great interest the article by Brake SJ and colleagues [...]."}, {"pmid": 32472664, "title": "Covid-19 and urology.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Dasgupta, Prokar"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472664", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394693, "title": "Safety of antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs prolonging QT interval in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: an opinion of the Heart Rhythm Section of the Polish Cardiac Society.", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Biernacka, Elzbieta K", "Kosior, Dariusz A", "Zienciuk-Krajka, Agnieszka", "Miszczak-Knecht, Maria", "Kempa, Maciej", "Przybylski, Andrzej"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394693", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474476, "title": "Risk of using hydroxychloroquine as a treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Risk Saf Med", "authors": ["Alanagreh, Lo'ai", "Alzoughool, Foad", "Atoum, Manar"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474476", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging COVID-19 pandemic poses a threat to the global health care system. Given the lack of antiviral therapies or vaccines for the disease, the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) obtained much attention as a treatment for COVID-19. However, there are limited and uncertain clinical data to support the beneficial effect of this drug in COVID-19 treatment. HCQ has several side effects and warnings, including blindness, heart failure, and renal toxicity, even with recommended doses. For severe cases of COVID-19 or in patients with preexisting conditions, administering such a drug could be fatal, particularly when taken at high doses or in combination with other antibiotics. However, further well-designed studies that would address the optimal dose, duration of treatment, possible side effects, and long-term usage outcomes are needed to make the final decision. In this paper, we aim to discuss the risk of using HCQ in treating COVID-19 patients, including its possible side effects."}, {"pmid": 32451581, "pmcid": "PMC7246293", "title": "Lung ultrasonography versus chest CT in COVID-19 pneumonia: a two-centered retrospective comparison study from China.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Yang, Yong", "Huang, Yi", "Gao, Feng", "Yuan, Lijun", "Wang, Zhen"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451581", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514636, "title": "Intensivist-led care in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Anesth", "authors": ["Hoyler, Marguerite M", "Lui, Briana S", "White, Robert S"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514636", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394243, "pmcid": "PMC7211911", "title": "COVID-19 research: promising tracks leading to uro-oncology.", "journal": "Int Urol Nephrol", "authors": ["Tamas, Fazekas", "Tibor, Szarvas", "Anita, Csizmarik", "Boris, Hadaschik", "Peter, Nyirady"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394243", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348598, "pmcid": "PMC7267115", "title": "Review article: prevention, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 in the IBD patient.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Al-Ani, Aysha H", "Prentice, Ralley E", "Rentsch, Clarissa A", "Johnson, Doug", "Ardalan, Zaid", "Heerasing, Neel", "Garg, Mayur", "Campbell, Sian", "Sasadeusz, Joe", "Macrae, Finlay A", "Ng, Siew C", "Rubin, David T", "Christensen, Britt"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348598", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a public health emergency. All nations are seriously challenged as the virus spreads rapidly across the globe with no regard for borders. The primary management of IBD involves treating uncontrolled inflammation with most patients requiring immune-based therapies. However, these therapies may weaken the immune system and potentially place IBD patients at increased risk of infections and infectious complications including those from COVID-19. To summarise the scale of the COVID-19 pandemic, review unique concerns regarding IBD management and infection risk during the pandemic and assess COVID-19 management options and drug interactions in the IBD population. A literature review on IBD, SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 was undertaken and relevant literature was summarised and critically examined. IBD patients do not appear to be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and there is no evidence of an association between IBD therapies and increased risk of COVID-19. IBD medication adherence should be encouraged to prevent disease flare but where possible high-dose systemic corticosteroids should be avoided. Patients should exercise social distancing, optimise co-morbidities and be up to date with influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. If a patient develops COVID-19, immune suppressing medications should be withheld until infection resolution and if trial medications for COVID-19 are being considered, potential drug interactions should be checked. IBD patient management presents a challenge in the current COVID-19 pandemic. The primary focus should remain on keeping bowel inflammation controlled and encouraging medication adherence."}, {"pmid": 32505186, "title": "PEEP levels in COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Tsolaki, Vasiliki", "Siempos, Ilias", "Magira, Eleni", "Kokkoris, Stelios", "Zakynthinos, George E", "Zakynthinos, Spyros"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505186", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483882, "title": "COVID-19 and alcohol in Australia: Industry changes and public health impacts.", "journal": "Drug Alcohol Rev", "authors": ["Colbert, Stephanie", "Wilkinson, Claire", "Thornton, Louise", "Richmond, Robyn"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483882", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393446, "title": "Alcohol withdrawal management during the Covid-19 lockdown in Kerala.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Varma, Ravi Prasad"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393446", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lockdown declared to prevent the spread of Covid 19 in India created unforeseen problems, including severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms and the need to manage them. The state of Kerala in India saw suicide deaths by six affected individuals, prompting the state government to instruct government doctors to prescribe alcohol to addicts. The local medical association approached the courts against this. These events raise interesting ethical issues discussed here. Keywords: alcohol withdrawal, prescribing alcohol, Covid 19, ethics of alcohol prescription."}, {"pmid": 32427209, "pmcid": "PMC7232593", "title": "A plague on both your houses: European and Asian responses to Coronavirus.", "journal": "Asia Eur J", "authors": ["Beeson, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427209", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369205, "pmcid": "PMC7267495", "title": "Individualized prediction nomograms for disease progression in mild COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Huang, Jiaofeng", "Cheng, Aiguo", "Lin, Su", "Zhu, Yueyong", "Chen, Gongping"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369205", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into a pandemic rapidly. The majority of COVID-19 patients are with mild syndromes. This study aimed to develop models for predicting disease progression in mild cases. The risk factors for the requirement of oxygen support in mild COVID-19 were explored using multivariate logistic regression. Nomogram as visualization of the models was developed using R software. A total of 344 patients with mild COVID-19 were included in the final analysis, 45 of whom progressed and needed high-flow oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation after admission. There were 188 (54.7%) males, and the average age of the cohort was 52.9\u2009\u2009\u00b1\u200916.8 years. When the laboratory data were not included in multivariate analysis, diabetes, coronary heart disease, T\u2009\u2009\u2009\u2265\u2009\u200938.5\u2103 and sputum were independent risk factors of progressive COVID-19 (Model 1). When the blood routine test was included the CHD, T\u2009\u2265\u200938.5\u2103 and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were found to be independent predictors (Model 2). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of model 2 was larger than model 1 (0.872 vs 0.849, P\u2009=\u2009.023). The negative predictive value of both models was greater than 96%, indicating they could serve as simple tools for ruling out the possibility of disease progression. In conclusion, two models comprised common symptoms (fever and sputum), underlying diseases (diabetes and coronary heart disease) and blood routine test are developed for predicting the future requirement of oxygen support in mild COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32412665, "pmcid": "PMC7261980", "title": "To resume noninvasive imaging detection safely after peak period of COVID-19: Experiences from Wuhan China.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["An, Xiangjie", "Song, Zexing", "Gao, Yaoying", "Tao, Juan", "Yang, Jing"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412665", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429032, "title": "Optimizing Anti-Viral Vaccine Responses: Input from a Non-Specialist.", "journal": "Antibiotics (Basel)", "authors": ["Serwer, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429032", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the research community has had a real-world look at reasons for improving vaccine responses to emerging RNA viruses. Here, a vaccine non-specialist suggests how this might be done. I propose two alternative options and compare the primary alternative option with current practice. The basis of comparison is feasibility in achieving what we need: a safe, mass-produced, emerging virus-targeted vaccine on 2-4 week notice. The primary option is the following. (1) Start with a platform based on live viruses that infect bacteria, but not humans (bacteriophages, or phages). (2) Isolate phages (to be called pathogen homologs) that resemble and provide antigenic context for membrane-covered, pathogenic RNA viruses; coronavirus-phage homologs will probably be found if the search is correctly done. (3) Upon isolating a viral pathogen, evolve its phage homolog to bind antibodies neutralizing for the viral pathogen. Vaccinate with the evolved phage homolog by generating a local, non-hazardous infection with the phage host and then curing the infection by propagating the phage in the artificially infecting bacterial host. I discuss how this alternative option has the potential to provide what is needed after appropriate platforms are built."}, {"pmid": 32404590, "title": "In reply to COVID-19 intubation kits and intubation spots.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Lopez, Roberto A", "Zuo, Leila", "Enomoto, T Miko", "Aziz, Michael F"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404590", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312064, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): two case reports from a family cluster.", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "authors": ["Tang, Lei", "Ye, Zheng", "Huang, Zixing", "Zeng, Xianchun", "Wang, Tao", "Xu, Rui", "Wang, Rongpin", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312064", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease, firstly appeared in Wuhan city and has rapidly spread to 114 countries outside China, which is receiving worldwide attention. As two important means of examination, computed tomography (CT) and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have always been controversial in the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Here, we report a family cluster case of a father and a son diagnosed as COVID-19 at our hospital, and described the clinical manifestations, laboratory results, CT changes, diagnosis and treatment strategy of these two patients. Focus on the value of these two methods in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, as well as their respective deficiencies. For patient 1 (father), the efficacy of RT-PCR is not satisfactory either in terms of diagnosis or follow-up, which may cause misdiagnosis and delay treatment. For patient 2 (son), the clinical symptoms were not obvious, but CT imaging clearly displayed dynamic changes of the lung lesions. Meanwhile, the two patients respectively underwent five chest CT examinations during their hospitalization and discharge follow-up, showing the potential harm of radiation. Therefore, in clinical work, doctors should make full use of the advantages of CT and RT-PCR, and take other measures to make up for their disadvantages."}, {"pmid": 32488323, "pmcid": "PMC7266736", "title": "Transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: algorithm of management in an Italian reference COVID center.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Mattogno, P P", "Rigante, M", "Lauretti, L", "Parrilla, C", "D'Alessandris, Q G", "Paludetti, G", "Olivi, A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488323", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350626, "pmcid": "PMC7190457", "title": "How about actively using telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Hau, Yong Sauk", "Kim, Jeoung Kun", "Hur, Jian", "Chang, Min Cheol"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350626", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283149, "pmcid": "PMC7194520", "title": "Dynamics of faecal SARS-CoV-2 in infected children during the convalescent phase.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Xing, Yuhan", "Ni, Wei", "Wu, Qin", "Li, Wenjie", "Li, Guoju", "Wang, Wendi", "Tong, Jianning", "Song, Xiufeng", "Wong, Gary Wing Kin", "Xing, Quansheng"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283149", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386837, "pmcid": "PMC7184020", "title": "Percutaneous tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19: sealing the bronchoscope with an in-line suction sheath.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Al Yaghchi, Chadwan", "Ferguson, Catriona", "Sandhu, Guri"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386837", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348048, "title": "[Pediatric impact of COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["L'Huillier, Arnaud G", "Asner, Sandra A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348048", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 are underrepresented during the current COVID-19 outbreak. Unlike other respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 rather infects adults who subsequently infect their children. From recent Chinese and Italian data, children commonly present mild to moderate disease, a large proportion of them being asymptomatic. In particular, children present significantly less fever, cough and pneumonia compared to adults. However, more cases of pneumonia were reported from children infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to those infected with H1N1. No vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been described so far."}, {"pmid": 32212779, "title": "Cancer Care Delivery Challenges Amidst Coronavirus Disease - 19 (COVID-19) Outbreak: Specific Precautions for Cancer Patients and Cancer Care Providers to Prevent Spread.", "journal": "Asian Pac J Cancer Prev", "authors": ["Shankar, Abhishek", "Saini, Deepak", "Roy, Shubham", "Mosavi Jarrahi, Alireza", "Chakraborty, Abhijit", "Bharti, Sachidanand Jee", "Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farzad"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212779", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus outbreak has affected thousands of people in at least 186 countries which has affected the cancer care delivery system apart from affecting the overall health system. Cancer patients are more susceptible to coronavirus infection than individuals without cancer as they are in an immunosuppressive state because of the malignancy and anticancer treatment. Oncologists should be more attentive to detect coronavirus infection early, as any type of advanced cancer is at much higher risk for unfavorable outcomes. Oncology communities must ensure that cancer patients should spend more time at home and less time out in the community. Oncologists and other health care professionals involved in cancer care have a critical opportunity to communicate to their patients to pass on right information regarding practice modifications in view of COVID-19 outbreaks. Countries must isolate, test, treat and trace to control the coronavirus pandemic. There is a paucity of information on novel coronavirus infection and its impact on cancer patients and cancer care providers. To date, there is no scientific guideline regarding management of cancer patients in a background of coronavirus outbreak.<br />."}, {"pmid": 32199182, "pmcid": "PMC7195292", "title": "The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease).", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Lima, Carlos Kennedy Tavares", "Carvalho, Poliana Moreira de Medeiros", "Lima, Igor de Araujo Araruna Silva", "Nunes, Jose Victor Alexandre de Oliveira", "Saraiva, Jeferson Steves", "de Souza, Ricardo Inacio", "da Silva, Claudio Gleidiston Lima", "Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199182", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel form of Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan has created a confused and rapidly evolving situation. In this situational framework, patients and front-line healthcare workers are vulnerable. Studies were identified using large-circulation international journals found in two electronic databases: Scopus and Embase. Populations of patients that may require tailored interventions are older adults and international migrant workers. Older adults with psychiatric conditions may be experiencing further distress. The COVID-19 epidemic has underscored potential gaps in mental health services during emergencies. Most health professionals working in isolation units and hospitals do not receive any training for providing mental health care. Fear seems more certainly a consequence of mass quarantine."}, {"pmid": 32292533, "pmcid": "PMC7144856", "title": "La chirurgie digestive urgente, victime collaterale de la crise du Covid-19?", "authors": ["Slim, K", "Veziant, J"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292533", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419517, "title": "Emerging therapies for COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Expert Opin Investig Drugs", "authors": ["Battaglini, Denise", "Robba, Chiara", "Ball, Lorenzo", "Cruz, Fernanda Ferreira", "Silva, Pedro Leme", "Pelosi, Paolo", "Rocco, Patricia Rieken Macedo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419517", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32178954, "pmcid": "PMC7102598", "title": "Anesthetic Management of Patients with COVID 19 Infections during Emergency Procedures.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Zhao, Shuai", "Ling, Ken", "Yan, Hong", "Zhong, Liang", "Peng, Xiaohong", "Yao, Shanglong", "Huang, Jiapeng", "Chen, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178954", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the present study was to prevent cross-infection in the operating room during emergency procedures for patients with confirmed or suspected 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by following anesthesia management protocols, and to document clinical- and anesthesia-related characteristics of these patients. This was a retrospective, multicenter clinical study. This study used a multicenter dataset from 4 hospitals in Wuhan, China. Patients and health care providers with confirmed or suspected 2019-nCoV from January 23 to 31, 2020, at the Wuhan Union Hospital, the Wuhan Children's Hospital, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, and the Wuhan Fourth Hospital in Wuhan, China. Anesthetic management and infection control guidelines for emergency procedures for patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were drafted and applied in 4 hospitals in Wuhan. Cross-infection in the operating rooms of the 4 hospitals was effectively reduced by implementing the new measures and procedures. The majority of patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection or suspected infection were female (23 [62%] of 37), and the mean age was 41.0 years old (standard deviation 19.6; range 4-78). 10 (27%) patients had chronic medical illnesses, including 4 (11%) with diabetes, 8 (22%) with hypertension, and 8 (22%) with digestive system disease. Twenty-five (68%) patients presented with lymphopenia, and 23 (62%) patients exhibited multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity on computed tomography scanning. The present study indicates that COVID 19-specific guidelines for emergency procedures for patients with confirmed or suspected 2019-nCoV may effectively prevent cross-infection in the operating room. Most patients with confirmed or suspected COVID 19 presented with fever and dry cough and demonstrated bilateral multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity on chest computed tomography scans."}, {"pmid": 32334979, "pmcid": "PMC7195349", "title": "The pandemic of COVID-19 and its implications for the purity and authenticity of alcohol-based hand sanitizers: The health risks associated with falsified sanitizers and recommendations for regulatory and public health bodies.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman", "Al-Hemyari, Sabaa Saleh", "Shahwan, Moyad"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the beginning of the pandemic of COVID-19 throughout the world, the demand and consumption of hand sanitizers has increased, which had led to a sharp crunch in these products at all levels. This shortage has led to an increase in the prevalence of falsified alcohol-based hand sanitizers, including the illegal addition of methanol to hand sanitizers and the production of hand sanitizers with an alcohol concentration of less than 60%. These findings indicate that regulatory and public health bodies should take an active role in ensuring the safety and quality of antimicrobial products such as alcohol-based hand sanitizers at every stage of the products' lifecycle, including distribution, manufacture and import."}, {"pmid": 32418199, "title": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Pathol", "authors": ["Bourgonje, Arno R", "Abdulle, Amaal Eman", "Timens, Wim", "Hillebrands, Jan-Luuk", "Navis, Gerjan J", "Gordijn, Sanne J", "Bolling, Marieke C", "Dijkstra, Gerard", "Voors, Adriaan A", "Osterhaus, Albert D M E", "van der Voort, Peter H J", "Mulder, Douwe J", "van Goor, Harry"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418199", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been established as the functional host receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the current devastating worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ACE2 is abundantly expressed in a variety of cells residing in many different human organs. In human physiology, ACE2 is a pivotal counter-regulatory enzyme to ACE by the breakdown of angiotensin II, the central player in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the main substrate of ACE2. Many factors have been associated with both altered ACE2 expression and COVID-19 severity and progression, including age, sex, ethnicity, medication, and several co-morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Although ACE2 is widely distributed in various human tissues and many of its determinants have been well recognised, ACE2-expressing organs do not equally participate in COVID-19 pathophysiology, implying that other mechanisms are involved in orchestrating cellular infection resulting in tissue damage. Reports of pathologic findings in tissue specimens of COVID-19 patients are rapidly emerging and confirm the established role of ACE2 expression and activity in disease pathogenesis. Identifying pathologic changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucially important as it has major implications for understanding COVID-19 pathophysiology and the development of evidence-based treatment strategies. Currently, many interventional strategies are being explored in ongoing clinical trials, encompassing many drug classes and strategies, including antiviral drugs, biological response modifiers, and RAAS inhibitors. Ultimately, prevention is key to combat COVID-19 and appropriate measures are being taken accordingly, including development of effective vaccines. In this review, we describe the role of ACE2 in COVID-19 pathophysiology, including factors influencing ACE2 expression and activity in relation to COVID-19 severity. In addition, we discuss the relevant pathological changes resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we highlight a selection of potential treatment modalities for COVID-19. \u00a9 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland."}, {"pmid": 32529025, "pmcid": "PMC7280021", "title": "Commercially available endoscopy facemasks to prevent aerosolizing spread of droplets during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Endosc Int Open", "authors": ["Bojorquez, Alejandro", "Larequi, Francisco Javier Zozaya", "Betes, Maria Teresa", "Subtil, Jose Carlos", "Munoz-Navas, Miguel"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389724, "pmcid": "PMC7205705", "title": "Potential Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Homeless Population.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Albon, Dana", "Soper, Morgan", "Haro, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389724", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279286, "title": "Recommendations for Minimal Laboratory Testing Panels in Patients with COVID-19: Potential for Prognostic Monitoring.", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Favaloro, Emmanuel J", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279286", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418307, "title": "Persistent viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in faeces - a rapid review.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Gupta, S", "Parker, J", "Smits, S", "Underwood, J", "Dolwani, S"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418307", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In addition to respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 can present with gastrointestinal complaints suggesting possible faeco-oral transmission. The primary aim of this review was to establish the incidence and timing of positive faecal samples for SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19. A systematic literature review identified studies describing COVID-19 patients tested for faecal virus. Search terms for MEDLINE included 'clinical', 'faeces', 'gastrointestinal secretions', 'stool', 'COVID-19', 'SARS-CoV-2' and '2019-nCoV'. Additional searches were done in the American Journal of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology, Gut, Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the World Health Organization Database, the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, New England Journal of Medicine, social media and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, bioRxiv and medRxiv preprints. Data were extracted concerning the type of test, number and timing of positive samples, incidence of positive faecal tests after negative nasopharyngeal swabs and evidence of viable faecal virus or faeco-oral transmission of the virus. Twenty-six relevant articles were identified. Combining study results demonstrated that 53.9% of those tested for faecal RNA were positive. The duration of faecal viral shedding ranged from 1 to 33\u00a0days after a negative nasopharyngeal swab with one result remaining positive 47\u00a0days after onset of symptoms. There is insufficient evidence to suggest that COVID-19 is transmitted via faecally shed virus. There is a high rate of positive polymerase chain reaction tests with persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in faecal samples of patients with COVID-19. Further research is needed to confirm if this virus is viable and the degree of transmission through the faeco-oral route. This may have important implications on isolation, recommended precautions and protective equipment for interventional procedures involving the gastrointestinal tract."}, {"pmid": 32394505, "pmcid": "PMC7235473", "title": "The 2019 human coronavirus: Ten areas of uncertainty waiting to be resolved.", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Mortimer, Philip P"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394505", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211816, "pmcid": "PMC7097841", "title": "Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Shi, Shaobo", "Qin, Mu", "Shen, Bo", "Cai, Yuli", "Liu, Tao", "Yang, Fan", "Gong, Wei", "Liu, Xu", "Liang, Jinjun", "Zhao, Qinyan", "Huang, He", "Yang, Bo", "Huang, Congxin"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211816", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide since December 2019. However, information on cardiac injury in patients affected by COVID-19 is limited. To explore the association between cardiac injury and mortality in patients with COVID-19. This cohort study was conducted from January 20, 2020, to February 10, 2020, in a single center at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; the final date of follow-up was February 15, 2020. All consecutive inpatients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included in this study. Clinical laboratory, radiological, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. Outcomes of patients with and without cardiac injury were compared. The association between cardiac injury and mortality was analyzed. A total of 416 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were included in the final analysis; the median age was 64 years (range, 21-95 years), and 211 (50.7%) were female. Common symptoms included fever (334 patients [80.3%]), cough (144 [34.6%]), and shortness of breath (117 [28.1%]). A total of 82 patients (19.7%) had cardiac injury, and compared with patients without cardiac injury, these patients were older (median [range] age, 74 [34-95] vs 60 [21-90] years; P\u2009<\u2009.001); had more comorbidities (eg, hypertension in 49 of 82 [59.8%] vs 78 of 334 [23.4%]; P\u2009<\u2009.001); had higher leukocyte counts (median [interquartile range (IQR)], 9400 [6900-13\u202f800] vs 5500 [4200-7400] cells/\u03bcL) and levels of C-reactive protein (median [IQR], 10.2 [6.4-17.0] vs 3.7 [1.0-7.3] mg/dL), procalcitonin (median [IQR], 0.27 [0.10-1.22] vs 0.06 [0.03-0.10] ng/mL), creatinine kinase-myocardial band (median [IQR], 3.2 [1.8-6.2] vs 0.9 [0.6-1.3] ng/mL), myohemoglobin (median [IQR], 128 [68-305] vs 39 [27-65] \u03bcg/L), high-sensitivity troponin I (median [IQR], 0.19 [0.08-1.12] vs <0.006 [<0.006-0.009] \u03bcg/L), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (median [IQR], 1689 [698-3327] vs 139 [51-335] pg/mL), aspartate aminotransferase (median [IQR], 40 [27-60] vs 29 [21-40] U/L), and creatinine (median [IQR], 1.15 [0.72-1.92] vs 0.64 [0.54-0.78] mg/dL); and had a higher proportion of multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity in radiographic findings (53 of 82 patients [64.6%] vs 15 of 334 patients [4.5%]). Greater proportions of patients with cardiac injury required noninvasive mechanical ventilation (38 of 82 [46.3%] vs 13 of 334 [3.9%]; P\u2009<\u2009.001) or invasive mechanical ventilation (18 of 82 [22.0%] vs 14 of 334 [4.2%]; P\u2009<\u2009.001) than those without cardiac injury. Complications were more common in patients with cardiac injury than those without cardiac injury and included acute respiratory distress syndrome (48 of 82 [58.5%] vs 49 of 334 [14.7%]; P\u2009<\u2009.001), acute kidney injury (7 of 82 [8.5%] vs 1 of 334 [0.3%]; P\u2009<\u2009.001), electrolyte disturbances (13 of 82 [15.9%] vs 17 of 334 [5.1%]; P\u2009=\u2009.003), hypoproteinemia (11 of 82 [13.4%] vs 16 of 334 [4.8%]; P\u2009=\u2009.01), and coagulation disorders (6 of 82 [7.3%] vs 6 of 334 [1.8%]; P\u2009=\u2009.02). Patients with cardiac injury had higher mortality than those without cardiac injury (42 of 82 [51.2%] vs 15 of 334 [4.5%]; P\u2009<\u2009.001). In a Cox regression model, patients with vs those without cardiac injury were at a higher risk of death, both during the time from symptom onset (hazard ratio, 4.26 [95% CI, 1.92-9.49]) and from admission to end point (hazard ratio, 3.41 [95% CI, 1.62-7.16]). Cardiac injury is a common condition among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, and it is associated with higher risk of in-hospital mortality."}, {"pmid": 32518445, "pmcid": "PMC7269754", "title": "How to worry better.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["McCloy, Rachel"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518445", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus outbreak continues, the science of dealing with uncertainty can help us make better decisions, says Rachel McCloy."}, {"pmid": 32378345, "pmcid": "PMC7203569", "title": "The time is now: expedited HIV differentiated service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Int AIDS Soc", "authors": ["Wilkinson, Lynne", "Grimsrud, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378345", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361327, "pmcid": "PMC7187844", "title": "Predictive factors for disease progression in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Jun", "Yu, Miao", "Tong, Song", "Liu, Lu-Yu", "Tang, Liang-V"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361327", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A few studies have revealed the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. However, predictive factors for the outcomes remain unclear. Attempted to determine the predictive factors for the poor outcomes of patients with COVID-19. This is a single-center, retrospective study. Clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected and analyzed from 111 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Union Hospital. The gathered data of discharged and deteriorated patients were compared. Among these 111 patients, 93 patients were discharged and 18 patients were deteriorated. The lymphocyte count (0.56 G/L [0.47-0.63] vs 1.30 G/L [0.95-1.65]) was lower in the deteriorated group than those in the discharged group. The numbers of pulmonary lobe involved (5.00 [5.00-5.00] vs 4.00 [2.00-5.00]), serum C-reactive protein (CRP, 79.52 mg/L [61.25-102.98] vs 7.93 mg/L [3.14-22.50]), IL-6 (35.72 pg/mL [9.24-85.19] vs 5.09 pg/mL [3.16-9.72]), and IL-10 (5.35 pg/mL [4.48-7.84] vs 3.97 pg/mL [3.34-4.79]) concentrations in deteriorated patients were elevated compared with discharged patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male gender (OR, 24.8 [1.8-342.1]), comorbidity (OR, 52.6 [3.6-776.4]), lymphopenia (OR, 17.3 [1.1-261.8]), and elevated CRP (OR, 96.5 [4.6-2017.6]) were the independent risk factors for the poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. This finding would facilitate the early identification of high-risk COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32492165, "title": "Clinical and Immune Features of Hospitalized Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Wu, Huan", "Zhu, Hongmin", "Yuan, Chunhui", "Yao, Cong", "Luo, Wei", "Shen, Xin", "Wang, Jun", "Shao, Jianbo", "Xiang, Yun"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492165", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported, but information on immune features associated with disease severity is scarce. To delineate and compare the immunologic features of mild and moderate COVID-19 in pediatric patients. This single-center case series included 157 pediatric patients admitted to Wuhan Children's Hospital with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Data were collected from January 25 to April 18, 2020. Documented SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical and immunologic characteristics were collected and analyzed. Outcomes were observed until April 18, 2020. Of the 157 pediatric patients with COVID-19, 60 (38.2%) had mild clinical type with pneumonia, 88 (56.1%) had moderate cases, 6 (3.8%) had severe cases, and 3 (1.9%) were critically ill. The 148 children with mild or moderate disease had a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 84 (18-123) months, and 88 (59.5%) were girls. The most common laboratory abnormalities were increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (median [IQR], 16.0 [12.0-26.0] U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (median [IQR], 30.0 [23.0-41.8] U/L), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) activity (median [IQR], 24.0 [18.0-34.0] U/L), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (median [IQR], 243.0 [203.0-297.0] U/L), which are associated with liver and myocardial injury. Compared with mild cases, levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, and interferon \u03b3 were unchanged, whereas the level of immune suppressive interleukin 10 was markedly increased in moderate cases compared with mild cases (median [IQR], 3.96 [3.34-5.29] pg/mL vs 3.58 [3.10-4.36] pg/mL; P\u2009=\u2009.048). There was no statistically significant difference in absolute number of lymphocytes (including T cells and B cells) between mild and moderate cases, but moderate cases were associated with a decrease in neutrophil levels compared with mild cases (median [IQR], 2310/\u03bcL [1680/\u03bcL-3510/\u03bcL] vs 3120/\u03bcL [2040/\u03bcL-4170/\u03bcL]; P\u2009=\u2009.01). Immunoglobin G and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were negatively associated with biochemical indices related to liver and myocardial injury (immunoglobulin G, ALT: r, -0.3579; AST: r, -0.5280; CK-MB activity: r, -0.4786; LDH: r, -0.4984; and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, ALT: r, -0.1893; AST: r, -0.3912; CK-MB activity: r, -0.3428; LDH: r, -0.3234), while counts of lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells, and interleukin 10 showed positive associations (lymphocytes, ALT: r, 0.2055; AST: r, 0.3615; CK-MB activity: r, 0.338; LDH: r, 0.3309; CD4+ T cells, AST: r, 0.4701; CK-MB activity: r, 0.4151; LDH: r, 0.4418; interleukin 10, ALT: r, 0.2595; AST: r, 0.3386; CK-MB activity: r, 0.3948; LDH: r, 0.3794). In this case series, systemic inflammation rarely occurred in pediatric patients with COVID-19, in contrast with the lymphopenia and aggravated inflammatory responses frequently observed in adults with COVID-19. Gaining a deeper understanding of the role of neutrophils, CD4+ T cells, and B cells in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection could be important for the clinical management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32325888, "pmcid": "PMC7216192", "title": "Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Ahmed, Muhammad Adeel", "Jouhar, Rizwan", "Ahmed, Naseer", "Adnan, Samira", "Aftab, Marziya", "Zafar, Muhammad Sohail", "Khurshid, Zohaib"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325888", "countries": ["China", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China has influenced every aspect of life. Healthcare professionals, especially dentists, are exposed to a higher risk of getting infected due to close contact with infected patients. The current study was conducted to assess anxiety and fear of getting infected among dentists while working during the current novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) outbreak. In addition, dentists' knowledge about various practice modifications to combat COVID-19 has been evaluated. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey from 10th to 17th March 2020. The well-constructed questionnaire was designed and registered at online website (Kwiksurveys) and validated. A total of 669 participants from 30 different countries across the world responded. After scrutiny, completed questionnaires (n = 650) were included in the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Chi-Square and Spearman correlation tests were applied to control confounders and assess the relation of dentists' response with respect to gender and educational level. More than two-thirds of the general dental practitioners (78%) from 30 countries questioned were anxious and scared by the devastating effects of COVID-19. A large number of dentists (90%) were aware of recent changes in the treatment protocols. However, execution of amended treatment protocol was recorded as 61%. The majority of the dentists (76%) were working in the hospital setting out of which 74% were from private, and 20% were from government setups. Individually we received a large number of responses from Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, but collectively more than 50% of the responses were from other parts of the world. Despite having a high standard of knowledge and practice, dental practitioners around the globe are in a state of anxiety and fear while working in their respective fields due to the COVID-19 pandemic impact on humanity. A number of dental practices have either modified their services according to the recommended guidelines to emergency treatment only or closed down practices for an uncertain period."}, {"pmid": 32504235, "pmcid": "PMC7274517", "title": "Sexual Behaviors During COVID-19: The Potential Risk of Transmission.", "journal": "Arch Sex Behav", "authors": ["Cipriano, Massimiliano", "Giacalone, Andrea", "Ruberti, Enzo"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504235", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496246, "title": "Impact of nonpharmacological interventions on COVID-19 transmission dynamics in India.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Patel, Purvi", "Athotra, Aditya", "Vaisakh, T P", "Dikid, Tanzin", "Jain, Sudhir Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496246", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of May 4, 2020, India has reported 42,836 confirmed cases and 1,389 deaths from COVID-19. India's multipronged response included nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) like intensive case-based surveillance, expanding testing capacity, social distancing, health promotion, and progressive travel restrictions leading to a complete halt of international and domestic movements (lockdown). We studied the impact of NPI on transmission dynamics of COVID-19 epidemic in India and estimated the minimum level of herd immunity required to halt it. We plotted time distribution, estimated basic (R0) and time-dependent effective (Rt) reproduction numbers using software R, and calculated doubling time, the growth rate for confirmed cases from January 30 to May 4, 2020. Herd immunity was estimated using the latest Rtvalue. Time distribution showed a propagated epidemic with subexponential growth. Average growth rate, 21% in the beginning, reduced to 6% after an extended lockdown (May 3). Based on early transmission dynamics, R0was 2.38 (95% confidence interval [CI] =1.79-3.07). Early, unmitigated Rt= 2.51 (95% CI = 2.05-3.14) (March 15) reduced to 1.28 (95% CI = 1.22-1.32) and was 1.83 (95% CI = 1.71-1.93) at the end of lockdown Phase 1 (April 14) and 2 (May 3), respectively. Similarly, average early doubling time (4.3 days) (standard deviation [SD] = 1.86) increased to 5.4 days (SD = 1.03) and 10.9 days (SD = 2.19). Estimated minimum 621 million recoveries are required to halt COVID-19 spread if Rtremains below 2. India's early response, especially stringent lockdown, has slowed COVID-19 epidemic. Increased testing, intensive case-based surveillance and containment efforts, modulated movement restrictions while protecting the vulnerable population, and continuous monitoring of transmission dynamics should be a way forward in the absence of effective treatment, vaccine, and undetermined postinfection immunity."}, {"pmid": 32251619, "pmcid": "PMC7270877", "title": "Urgent dental care for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Dave, Manas", "Seoudi, Noha", "Coulthard, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277387, "pmcid": "PMC7146012", "title": "Management of COVID-19 in patients after liver transplantation: Beijing working party for liver transplantation.", "journal": "Hepatol Int", "authors": ["Liu, Hongling", "He, Xi", "Wang, Yudong", "Zhou, Shuangnan", "Zhang, Dali", "Zhu, Jiye", "He, Qiang", "Zhu, Zhijun", "Li, Guangming", "Sun, Libo", "Wang, Jianli", "Cheng, Gregory", "Liu, Zhenwen", "Lau, George"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277387", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Annually, around 850 liver transplantation is performed in Beijing, China. Recently, the new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has affected nearly 200 countries worldwide. 2019-nCov can cause severe lung disease, multiple-organ damage, and significant mortalities. Liver transplant recipients, because of long-term oral immunosuppressant effects, may be more susceptible to 2019-nCoV infection and have a worse prognosis than the general population. It is urgent to set up guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients. In this article, we reviewed the clinical aspects of 2019-nCoV infection, characteristics of liver transplant recipients, immunosuppressant usage, and potential drug interactions to provide recommendations to clinical staff managing liver transplant recipients during the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32362004, "pmcid": "PMC7267174", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiac surgeon-Are we on the back foot?", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Khanna, Sudhansoo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407411, "pmcid": "PMC7224552", "title": "Geo-temporal distribution of 1,688 Chinese healthcare workers infected with COVID-19 in severe conditions-A secondary data analysis.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Gao, Wayne", "Sanna, Mattia", "Tsai, Min Kuang", "Wen, Chi Pang"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407411", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is posing an unprecedented challenge to healthcare workers. This study analyzes the geo-temporal effects on disease severity for the 1,688 Chinese healthcare workers infected with COVID-19. Using the descriptive results recently reported by the Chinese CDC, we compare the percentage of infected healthcare workers in severe conditions over time and across three areas in China, and the fatality rate of infected healthcare workers with all the infected individuals in China aged 22-59 years. Among the infected Chinese healthcare workers whose symptoms onset appeared during the same ten-day period, the percentage of those in severe conditions decreased significantly from 19.7% (Jan 11-20) to 14.4% (Jan 21-31) to 8.7% (Feb 1-11). Across the country, there was also a significant difference in the disease severity, with Wuhan being the most severe (17.3%), followed by Hubei Province (10.2%), and the rest of China (6.6%). The case fatality rate for the 1,688 infected Chinese healthcare workers was significantly lower than that for the 29,798 infected patients aged 20-59 years-0.3% (5/1,688) vs. 0.65% (193/29,798), respectively. The disease severity among infected healthcare workers improved considerably over a short period of time in China. The more severe conditions in Wuhan compared to the rest of the country may be attributable to the draconian lockdown. The clinical outcomes of infected Chinese healthcare workers may represent a more accurate estimation of the severity of COVID-19 for those who have access to quality healthcare."}, {"pmid": 32501440, "pmcid": "PMC7255260", "title": "Assessing risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients presenting with symptoms in Shanghai, China: a multicentre, observational cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["Mao, Bei", "Liu, Yang", "Chai, Yan-Hua", "Jin, Xiao-Yan", "Lu, Hai-Wen", "Yang, Jia-Wei", "Gao, Xi-Wen", "Song, Xiao-Lian", "Bao, Hong", "Wang, An", "Gu, Wen-Chao", "Zhao, Lei", "Pan, Jie-Ping", "Li, Fan", "Zhang, Tie-Feng", "Qian, Ye-Chang", "Du, Chun-Ling", "Ding, Wei", "Tu, Chun-Lin", "Chu, De-Jie", "Li, Chun", "Ye, Ling", "Luo, Yong", "Zheng, Cui-Xia", "Yu, Rong-Huan", "Qiu, Zhong-Min", "Cao, Hui-Fang", "Ren, Jia-Wei", "Zhao, Jing-Ya", "Wang, Chang-Hui", "Lu, Hong-Zhou", "Li, Jun", "Hu, Yang", "Liang, Shuo", "Jie, Zhi-Jun", "Qu, Jie-Ming", "Xu, Jin-Fu"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501440", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to international concern. We aimed to establish an effective screening strategy in Shanghai, China, to aid early identification of patients with COVID-19. We did a multicentre, observational cohort study in fever clinics of 25 hospitals in 16 districts of Shanghai. All patients visiting the clinics within the study period were included. A strategy for COVID-19 screening was presented and then suspected cases were monitored and analysed until they were confirmed as cases or excluded. Logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors of COVID-19. We enrolled patients visiting fever clinics from Jan 17 to Feb 16, 2020. Among 53\u2008617 patients visiting fever clinics, 1004 (1\u00b79%) were considered as suspected cases, with 188 (0\u00b74% of all patients, 18\u00b77% of suspected cases) eventually diagnosed as confirmed cases. 154 patients with missing data were excluded from the analysis. Exposure history (odds ratio [OR] 4\u00b716, 95% CI 2\u00b774-6\u00b733; p<0\u00b70001), fatigue (OR 1\u00b756, 1\u00b701-2\u00b741; p=0\u00b7043), white blood cell count less than 4\u2008\u00d7\u2008109 per L (OR 2\u00b744, 1\u00b728-4\u00b764; p=0\u00b70066), lymphocyte count less than 0\u00b78\u2008\u00d7\u2008109 per L (OR 1\u00b782, 1\u00b700-3\u00b731; p=0\u00b7049), ground glass opacity (OR 1\u00b795, 1\u00b732-2\u00b789; p=0\u00b70009), and having both lungs affected (OR 1\u00b754, 1\u00b704-2\u00b728; p=0\u00b7032) were independent risk factors for confirmed COVID-19. The screening strategy was effective for confirming or excluding COVID-19 during the spread of this contagious disease. Relevant independent risk factors identified in this study might be helpful for early recognition of the disease. National Natural Science Foundation of China."}, {"pmid": 32343365, "pmcid": "PMC7267568", "title": "Canadian Geriatrics in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Hogan, David B", "MacKnight, Chris", "Madden, Kenneth M", "Montero-Odasso, Manuel", "Stall, Nathan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343365", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513593, "title": "Systemic Treatment of Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancers During the COVID-19 Outbreak: COVID-19-adapted Recommendations of the National Cancer Institute of Milan.", "journal": "Clin Colorectal Cancer", "authors": ["Pietrantonio, Filippo", "Morano, Federica", "Niger, Monica", "Corallo, Salvatore", "Antista, Maria", "Raimondi, Alessandra", "Prisciandaro, Michele", "Pagani, Filippo", "Prinzi, Natalie", "Nichetti, Federico", "Randon, Giovanni", "Torchio, Martina", "Corti, Francesca", "Ambrosini, Margherita", "Palermo, Federica", "Palazzo, Michele", "Biamonte, Lavinia", "Platania, Marco", "Sposito, Carlo", "Cosimelli, Maurizio", "Mazzaferro, Vincenzo", "Pusceddu, Sara", "Cremolini, Chiara", "de Braud, Filippo", "Di Bartolomeo, Maria"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513593", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak poses a major challenge in the treatment decision-making of patients with cancer, who may be at higher risk of developing a severe and deadly SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with the general population. The health care emergency is forcing the reshaping of the daily assessment between risks and benefits expected from the administration of immune-suppressive and potentially toxic treatments. To guide our clinical decisions at the National Cancer Institute of Milan (Lombardy region, the epicenter of the outbreak in Italy), we formulated Coronavirus-adapted institutional recommendations for the systemic treatment of patients with gastrointestinal cancers. Here, we describe how our daily clinical practice has changed due to the pandemic outbreak, with the aim of providing useful suggestions for physicians that are facing the same challenges worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32414670, "pmcid": "PMC7198156", "title": "Neurosurgical Training During COVID-19 Pandemic: British Perspective.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Low, Jacob Chen Ming", "Visagan, Ravindran", "Perera, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414670", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265183, "title": "COVID-19: Risk of increase in smoking rates among England's 6 million smokers and relapse among England's 11 million ex-smokers.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Patwardhan, Pooja"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265183", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340893, "pmcid": "PMC7167226", "title": "Community pharmacists: On the frontline of health service against COVID-19 in LMICs.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Hedima, Erick Wesley", "Adeyemi, Michael Samuel", "Ikunaiye, Nasiru Yakubu"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340893", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is a global public health crisis which has affected healthcare practice across professions. In the context of this pandemic, there is a need to highlight the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists. Community pharmacists are the most accessible healthcare professionals to the general public and have a lot to offer amid the COVID-19 response. This have led to significant changes in the health systems of many countries. This article seeks to highlight additional roles and activities relating to the public health response that can be undertaken by community pharmacists that could help to reduce pressure on general practice and other areas of the health service."}, {"pmid": 32500769, "title": "Surgical intervention in patients with proximal femoral fractures confirmed positive for COVID-19-a report of 2 cases.", "journal": "Acta Orthop", "authors": ["Song, Suk Kyoon", "Choi, Won Kee", "Cho, Myung Rae"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500769", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433782, "title": "Utilitarianism and the Pandemic.", "journal": "Bioethics", "authors": ["Savulescu, Julian", "Persson, Ingmar", "Wilkinson, Dominic"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433782", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are no egalitarians in a pandemic. The scale of the challenge for health systems and public policy means that there is an ineluctable need to prioritize the needs of the many. It is impossible to treat all citizens equally, and a failure to carefully consider the consequences of actions could lead to massive preventable loss of life. In a pandemic there is a strong ethical need to consider how to do most good overall. Utilitarianism is an influential moral theory that states that the right action is the action that is expected to produce the greatest good. It offers clear operationalizable principles. In this paper we provide a summary of how utilitarianism could inform two challenging questions that have been important in the early phase of the pandemic: (a) Triage: which patients should receive access to a ventilator if there is overwhelming demand outstripping supply? (b) Lockdown: how should countries decide when to implement stringent social restrictions, balancing preventing deaths from COVID-19 with causing deaths and reductions in well-being from other causes? Our aim is not to argue that utilitarianism is the only relevant ethical theory, or in favour of a purely utilitarian approach. However, clearly considering which options will do the most good overall will help societies identify and consider the necessary cost of other values. Societies may choose either to embrace or not to embrace the utilitarian course, but with a clear understanding of the values involved and the price they are willing to pay."}, {"pmid": 32441248, "title": "The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on sleep.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Javaheri, Sogol", "Javaheri, Shahrokh"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441248", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473905, "pmcid": "PMC7235559", "title": "Challenges of diabetes care management in developing countries with a high incidence of COVID-19: A brief report.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Nouhjah, Sedigheh", "Jahanfar, Shayesteh"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473905", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most critical risk factors for complications and death in COVID-19 patients. The present study aims to highlight challenges in the management of diabetic patients during the COVID-19 outbreak in developing countries. We reviewed the literature to obtain information about diabetic care during the Covid-19 crisis. We also seek opinions of clinicians working in undeveloped countries. Current challenges faced by clinicians in the management of diabetic patients in developing countries are as follows: lack of preventive measures, inadequate number of visits, loss of the traditional method of communication with the patient, shortage of medications, impaired routine diabetic care, and absence of telehealth services. Developing countries are faced with many challenges in diabetes management due to a lack of resources."}, {"pmid": 32348554, "pmcid": "PMC7267275", "title": "Global reporting of cases of COVID-19 in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis: an opportunity to inform care during a pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Mahil, S K", "Yiu, Z Z N", "Mason, K J", "Dand, N", "Coker, B", "Wall, D", "Fletcher, G", "Bosma, A", "Capon, F", "Iversen, L", "Langan, S M", "Di Meglio, P", "Musters, A", "Prieto-Merino, D", "Tsakok, T", "Warren, R B", "Flohr, C", "Spuls, P", "Griffiths, C E M", "Barker, J", "Irvine, A D", "Smith, C H"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348554", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460208, "pmcid": "PMC7236677", "title": "Sodium chromo-glycate and palmitoylethanolamide: A possible strategy to treat mast cell-induced lung inflammation in COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Gigante, Antonio", "Aquili, Alberto", "Farinelli, Luca", "Caraffa, Alessandro", "Ronconi, Gianpaolo", "Enrica Gallenga, Carla", "Tete, Giulia", "Kritas, Spyros K", "Conti, Pio"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460208", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (also referred to as CoV-19) that emerged in late 2019 causes Covid-19 disease a respiratory tract infection which provokes about 4 million deaths per year. Unfortunately, to date, there is no specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19. Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells implicated in the pathogenesis of viral infections, where they mediate inflammation. Microbes, including virus, activate MCs through TLR releasing chemical pro-inflammatory compounds and cytokines. Although, in biomedical literature there are only few reports on MCs activation by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by MC viral activation leads to increase pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Sodium Chromo-Glycate (SCG) described as a MC stabilizer, prevents the release of inflammatory chemical compounds, improve mouse survival and respiratory pathological changes in lung viral infection and suppresses inflammation. Furthermore, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) a nuclear factor agonist, an endogenous fatty acid amide, which exerts a variety of biological effects, related to chronic inflammation and pain, is involved also in MCs homeostasis with an inhibitory and protective effect on the respiratory tract during viral infections. Here, we hypothesize for the first time, that SCG and/or PEA suppress MC activation and pro-inflammatory mediators release, playing an anti-inflammatory therapeutic role in the inflamed lung of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32503173, "title": "Dietary Choices and Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: Experience from Poland.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Sidor, Aleksandra", "Rzymski, Piotr"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503173", "countries": ["China", "Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in late December 2019 in China, which later developed into a pandemic, has forced different countries to implement strict sanitary regimes and social distancing measures. Globally, at least four billion people were under lockdown, working remotely, homeschooling children, and facing challenges coping with quarantine and the stressful events. The present cross-sectional online survey of adult Poles (n = 1097), conducted during a nationwide quarantine, aimed to assess whether nutritional and consumer habits have been affected under these conditions. Over 43.0% and nearly 52% reported eating and snacking more, respectively, and these tendencies were more frequent in overweight and obese individuals. Almost 30% and over 18% experienced weight gain (mean \u00b1 SD 3.0 \u00b1 1.6 kg) and loss (-2.9 \u00b1 1.5 kg), respectively. Overweight, obese, and older subjects (aged 36-45 and >45) tended to gain weight more frequently, whereas those with underweight tended to lose it further. Increased BMI was associated with less frequent consumption of vegetables, fruit, and legumes during quarantine, and higher adherence to meat, dairy, and fast-foods. An increase in alcohol consumption was seen in 14.6%, with a higher tendency to drink more found among alcohol addicts. Over 45% of smokers experienced a rise in smoking frequency during the quarantine. The study highlights that lockdown imposed to contain an infectious agent may affect eating behaviors and dietary habits, and advocates for organized nutritional support during future epidemic-related quarantines, particularly for the most vulnerable groups, including overweight and obese subjects."}, {"pmid": 32520135, "title": "A brief history of medical uniforms: from ancient history to the COVID-19 time.", "journal": "Rev Col Bras Cir", "authors": ["O'Donnell, Victoria Rodrigues", "Chinelatto, Lucas Albuquerque", "Rodrigues, Cristina", "Hojaij, Flavio Carneiro"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520135", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical Uniforms date back from medieval times. Nursing uniforms were based on nuns clothes whereas doctors used the famous \"plague costumes\" and black \"frock\" coats from about 15th to early 19th century. In latter half 19th century medical uniforms started to change. Nursing uniforms gradually lost their similarities to religious outfits. Doctors started to use white clothing. With great emphasis on hygiene and sanitation, the idea of personal protective equipment (PPE) started to evolve with William Stewart Halsted introducing the use of rubber gloves in 1889. In the 1960s-1970s it became more usual to wear green and blue `scrubs in order to look for a greater contrast in clothing with the all-white hospital environment. In contemporary times, some specialties even stopped using specific uniforms, while others still use them. At the same time, PPE became more and more important, up to nowadays \"plague costume\" in the combat of the COVID-19 epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32363030, "pmcid": "PMC7194050", "title": "Change in surgical practice amidst COVID 19; example from a tertiary care centre in Pakistan.", "journal": "Ann Med Surg (Lond)", "authors": ["Rana, Roshan-E-Shahid", "Ather, Muhammad Hammad"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363030", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469280, "title": "COVID-19: Gene Transfer to the Rescue?", "journal": "Hum Gene Ther", "authors": ["Vandenberghe, Luk H"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469280", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414711, "title": "The renin-angiotensin system - a therapeutic target in COVID-19?", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Sturrock, Beattie Rh", "Milne, Kate", "Chevassut, Timothy Jt"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414711", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, is a disease characterised by cough, fever and fatigue, which progresses to life-threatening lung injury in approximately 5% of patients. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the cell via ACE2. ACE2 is a component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) which has an important counterregulatory effect on the classical ACE-dependent pathway. Several antihypertensives increase ACE2 expression or activity, leading to concern that this may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry and worsen COVID-19 disease. However, ACE2 is protective against lung injury while ANG II (which is catabolised by ACE2) is associated with lung injury both in mice and humans. We propose that medications which inhibit the RAS ACE-dependent pathway may be beneficial in treating COVID-19 and should be explored in animal models and clinical trials. Here we give an overview of the RAS pathway with respect to COVID-19 and argue that strategies which manipulate this pathway might reduce the destructive lung manifestations of COVID-19 and improve patient outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32220275, "title": "[Challenges to prevent and control the outbreak of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, X", "Na, R S", "Bi, Z Q"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220275", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of severe pneumonia of unknown cause was reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The infectious virus was soon identified and named as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov). The name of the coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) was given by WHO on 11 February 2020. It has so far caused about 118 000\u00a0cases in 114 countries including China and was characterized as a pandemic by WHO on 11 March. We still face great challenges in control of the epidemic: uncertain initial source of infection, infected populations widely scattered, complex routs of transmission, populations generally susceptible, high contagiousness of the virus, and finally vaccines unlikely available in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32335173, "pmcid": "PMC7179496", "title": "How is immunosuppressive status affecting children and adults in SARS-CoV-2 infection? A systematic review.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Minotti, Chiara", "Tirelli, Francesca", "Barbieri, Elisa", "Giaquinto, Carlo", "Dona, Daniele"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335173", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection has now a global resonance. Data on how COVID-19 is affecting immunocompromised patients are however few. With our study we aimed to systematically review the current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 cases in children and adults with immunosuppression, to evaluate outcomes in this special population. A systematic review of literature was carried out to identify relevant articles, searching the EMBASE, Medline, and Google Scholar databases. Studies reporting data on pre-defined outcomes and related to immunosuppressed adults and children with SARS-CoV-2 were included. Sixteen relevant articles were identified with 110 immunosuppressed patients, mostly presenting cancer, along with transplantation and immunodeficiency. Cancer was more often associated with a more severe course, but not necessarily with a bad prognosis. Our data show that both children and adults with immunosuppression seem to have a favorable disease course, as compared to the general population. Immunosuppressed patients with COVID-19 seem to be few in relation to the overall figures, and to present a favorable outcome as compared to other comorbidities. This might be explained by a hypothetical protective role of a weaker immune response, determining a milder disease presentation and thus underdiagnosis. Nevertheless, surveillance on this special population should be encouraged."}, {"pmid": 32293714, "pmcid": "PMC7262032", "title": "Concomitant neurological symptoms observed in a patient diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yin, Rong", "Feng, Wei", "Wang, Tonghui", "Chen, Gang", "Wu, Tao", "Chen, Dongrui", "Lv, Tangfeng", "Xiang, Dawei"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293714", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There has been a global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since December 2019. In clinical practice, not only fever and respiratory tract symptoms but also multiple organ symptoms are observed in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Herein, we report a rare case of a patient diagnosed with COVID-19 who manifested with concomitant neurological symptoms. The patient developed fever and respiratory symptoms at disease onset, followed by muscle soreness, and subsequently altered consciousness and psychiatric symptoms, with positive signs based on neurological examination. The patient tested positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid (throat swab). Further, chest computed tomography (CT) revealed typical COVID-19 findings, and head CT did not reveal significant abnormalities. The patient recovered after treatment and was discharged. This rare case indicates that SARS-CoV-2 can invade the central nervous system, thus causing neurological symptoms and signs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32520072, "title": "Novel coronavirus pneumonia and acute pulmonary thromboembolism: casualty or causality?", "journal": "Einstein (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Beraldo, Gabriel Laverdi", "Fonseca, Eduardo Kaiser Ururahy Nunes", "Yokoo, Patricia", "Matos, Marina Justi Rosa de", "Rosa, Marcela Emer Egypto", "Silva, Murilo Marques Almeida", "Chate, Rodrigo Caruso", "Shoji, Hamilton", "Ishikawa, Walther Yoshiharu"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520072", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32231349, "title": "Chloroquine in COVID-19: the evidence.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Gupta, Nitesh", "Agrawal, Sumita", "Ish, Pranav"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231349", "countries": ["Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To the Editor The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as a pandemic by World Health Organisation (WHO). The global mortality has increased, especially in countries like Italy and Iran. With the increasing morbidity and mortality, search for a cure has been the global demand."}, {"pmid": 32179122, "pmcid": "PMC7206223", "title": "Viral loads of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimens: What have we learned?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179122", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408757, "pmcid": "PMC7231901", "title": "Vietnamese Public Health Practices in the Advent of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for Developing Countries.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Dreisbach, Jeconiah Louis"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408757", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents a great challenge to developing countries with limited access to public health measures in grassroots communities. The World Health Organization lauded the Vietnamese government for its proactive and steady investment in health facilities that mitigate the risk of the infectious disease in Vietnam. This short communication presents cases that could benchmark public health policies in developing countries."}, {"pmid": 32401535, "title": "Reply to: COVID-19 Real-time RTPCR: Does Positivity on Follow up RTPCR Always Imply Infectivity?", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Chang, De", "Mo, Guoxin", "Yuan, Xin", "Tao, Yi", "Peng, Xiaohua", "Wang, Fusheng", "Xie, Lixin", "Sharma, Lokesh", "Dela Cruz, Charles S", "Qin, Enqiang"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401535", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289260, "pmcid": "PMC7151397", "title": "Using the Coronavirus Pandemic as an Opportunity to Address the Use of Human Milk and Breastfeeding as Lifesaving Medical Interventions.", "journal": "J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs", "authors": ["Spatz, Diane L"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289260", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health care providers should use this current pandemic as an opportunity educate the public about the importance of human milk and breastfeeding as lifesaving medical interventions."}, {"pmid": 32392096, "title": "Forced Choices: Ethical Challenges in Cardiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Khazanie, Prateeti", "Wynia, Matthew", "Dickert, Neal W"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392096", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405841, "pmcid": "PMC7220539", "title": "[Covid-19 pandemic. Mechanical ventilation in geriatric patients - an ethical dilemma?]", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Zeeh, Joachim", "Memm, Kristin", "Heppner, Hans-Jurgen", "Kwetkat, Anja"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405841", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504022, "title": "Coronavirus diaries: taking leave, but not holiday.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tregoning, John"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504022", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334407, "pmcid": "PMC7165115", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pre-existing mental health problems.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Seshadri Sekhar", "Barikar C, Malathesh", "Mukherjee, Abir"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334407", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510106, "title": "Clinical Presentation of COVID19 in Dementia Patients.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Bianchetti, A", "Rozzini, R", "Guerini, F", "Boffelli, S", "Ranieri, P", "Minelli, G", "Bianchetti, L", "Trabucchi, M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510106", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No studies analyzing the role of dementia as a risk factor for mortality in patients affected by COVID-19. We assessed the prevalence, clinical presentation and outcomes of dementia among subjects hospitalized for COVID19 infection. Retrospective study. COVID wards in Acute Hospital in Brescia province, Northern Italy. We used data from 627 subjects admitted to Acute Medical wards with COVID 19 pneumonia. Clinical records of each patients admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of COVID19 infection were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnosis of dementia, modalities of onset of the COVID-19 infection, symptoms of presentation at the hospital and outcomes were recorded. Dementia was diagnosed in 82 patients (13.1%). The mortality rate was 62.2% (51/82) among patients affected by dementia compared to 26.2% (143/545) in subjects without dementia (p<0.001, Chi-Squared test). In a logistic regression model age, and the diagnosis of dementia resulted independently associated with a higher mortality, and patients diagnosed with dementia presented an OR of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.09-3.13, p<0.05). Among patients diagnosed with dementia the most frequent symptoms of onset were delirium, especially in the hypoactive form, and worsening of the functional status. The diagnosis of dementia, especially in the most advanced stages, represents an important risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 in subjects with dementia is atypical, reducing early recognition of symptoms and hospitalization."}, {"pmid": 32470602, "pmcid": "PMC7250091", "title": "Three cases of treatment with Nafamostat in elderly patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who need oxygen therapy.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jang, Sukbin", "Rhee, Ji-Young"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470602", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No effective treatment for COVID-19 has been well established yet. Nafamostat, known as anticoagulant, has potential anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities against COVID-19. We report three cases of COVID-19 pneumonia who progressed while using antiviral drugs and needed supplementary oxygen therapy, improved after treatment with nafamostat. These preliminary findings show the possibility that Nafamostat can be considered to be used in elderly patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who need oxygen therapy. The effectiveness of nafamostat should be evaluated in further studies."}, {"pmid": 32446778, "pmcid": "PMC7211650", "title": "The cytokine storm in COVID-19: An overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system.", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Coperchini, Francesca", "Chiovato, Luca", "Croce, Laura", "Magri, Flavia", "Rotondi, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446778", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In 2019-2020 a new coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the causative agent of a several acute respiratory infection named COVID-19, which is causing a worldwide pandemic. There are still many unresolved questions regarding the pathogenesis of this disease and especially the reasons underlying the extremely different clinical course, ranging from asymptomatic forms to severe manifestations, including the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 showed phylogenetic similarities to both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV viruses, and some of the clinical features are shared between COVID-19 and previously identified beta-coronavirus infections. Available evidence indicate that the so called \"cytokine storm\" an uncontrolled over-production of soluble markers of inflammation which, in turn, sustain an aberrant systemic inflammatory response, is a major responsible for the occurrence of ARDS. Chemokines are low molecular weight proteins with powerful chemoattractant activity which play a role in the immune cell recruitment during inflammation. This review will be aimed at providing an overview of the current knowledge on the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system in the cytokine storm related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Basic and clinical evidences obtained from previous SARS and MERS epidemics and available data from COVID-19 will be taken into account."}, {"pmid": 32414996, "title": "Neurosurgery and Neurology Practices during the Novel COVID-19 Pandemic: A Consensus Statement from India.", "journal": "Neurol India", "authors": ["Gupta, Prakamya", "Muthukumar, N", "Rajshekhar, V", "Tripathi, Manjari", "Thomas, Sanjeev", "Gupta, Sunil Kumar", "Lal, Vivek", "Pal, Pramod", "Abraham, Mathew", "Behari, Sanjay", "Paliwal, Vimal", "Singh, Daljit", "Pandey, Sanjay", "Narasimhan, Lakshmi", "Srinivas, Dwarakanath", "Panda, Samhita", "Kale, S S", "Chandra, P Sarat"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414996", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 infection outbreak has aroused increasing attention and affected thousands of people nationwide. The long incubation period, high infectious rate, varied manifestation, and absence of effective treatment make it difficult to manage the disease transmission. The intended goals are to encourage efficient management of neurological and neurosurgical patients, resource utilization, and protecting the healthcare provider during the COVID-19 epidemic. Herein, we present a consensus statement from various centers in India. In addition to the literature review, recommendations were included from neurologists and neurosurgeons from various centers in India. Every patient presenting for treatment should be treated as a potential asymptomatic infected case. Patients should be categorized based upon the priority as acute (require immediate treatment/surgery within 24 h), sub-acute (requiring treatment within a maximum of 7-10 days), or chronic (requiring treatment within a month). Non-essential elective surgeries and outpatient clinics should be avoided after informing the patient(s). There is a high risk of aerosol dispersion during intubation and certain neurosurgical procedures particularly those involving drills and endoscopes. These procedures should be performed wearing full personal protective equipment. The workflow of the operating rooms should also be modified significantly. Minor modifications in personal and professional lifestyles and routine training to use the PPE will ensure efficient management of resources. These recommendations could be used to mitigate the risks and reduce exposure to other patients, public, and healthcare staff."}, {"pmid": 32501145, "title": "Venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) - a position paper of the German Society of Angiology (DGA).", "journal": "Vasa", "authors": ["Linnemann, Birgit", "Bauersachs, Rupert", "Grebe, Mathias", "Klamroth, Robert", "Muller, Oliver", "Schellong, Sebastian", "Lichtenberg, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501145", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": " As observed in other infections with a systemic inflammatory response, severe COVID-19 is associated with hypercoagulability and a prothrombotic state. Currently, there is growing evidence that pulmonary embolism and thrombosis contribute to adverse outcomes and increased mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19. The optimal thromboprophylactic regimen for patients with COVID-19 is not known. Whereas pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis is generally recommended for all hospitalized COVID-19 patients, adequate dosing of anticoagulants remains a controversial issue. Therefore, we summarize current evidence from the available literature and, on behalf of the German Society of Angiology (DGA), we aim to provide advice to establish an improved and more uniform strategy for thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32213330, "pmcid": "PMC7271037", "title": "The first COVID-19 case in Afghanistan acquired from Iran.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mousavi, Sayed H", "Shah, Jaffer", "Giang, Hoang T N", "Al-Ahdal, Tareq M A", "Zahid, Shafi U", "Temory, Fardina", "Paikan, Feda M", "Karimzadeh, Sedighe", "Huy, Nguyen T"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213330", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Afghanistan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371279, "pmcid": "PMC7194053", "title": "Therapeutic Strategy for Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 During Left Ventricular Assist Device Supports.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Imamura, Teruhiko"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371279", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496545, "title": "Challenge Trials-Could Deliberate Coronavirus Exposure Hasten Vaccine Development?", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rubin, Rita"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496545", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467204, "pmcid": "PMC7241915", "title": "Chronic non-communicable diseases: a sacrifice on the altar of COVID-19?", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Domeyer, Philippe", "Katsari, Vasiliki", "Mariolis, Anargiros"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523150, "title": "Potential pro-arrhythmic effects of pharmacotherapy against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Medeiros-Domingo, Argelia", "Carrasco, Omar F", "Berni-Betancourt, Ana"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523150", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic caused by the SARS-COV-2 or COVID-19 virus has been a global challenge given its high rate of transmission and lack of effective therapy or vaccine. This scenario has led to the use of various drugs that have demonstrated a potential effect against the virus in vitro. However, time has not been enough to properly evaluate their clinical effectiveness. The use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and antiviral treatment and has been proposed by various groups, supported by in-vitro studies and limited patient series, without the adequate scientific rigor that precedes drug prescription. Although it may represent the only hope for many patients, it is important to know the main adverse effects associated with the use of these drugs and to better select patients who may benefit from them."}, {"pmid": 32449034, "pmcid": "PMC7245989", "title": "Preventing transmission among operating room staff during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of the Aerosol Box and other personal protective equipment.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Bianco, F", "Incollingo, P", "Grossi, U", "Gallo, G"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449034", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is highly challenging for the operating room staff and healthcare workers in emergency departments. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA beta-coronavirus that primarily targets the human respiratory system, with fever, cough, myalgia, and pneumonia as the most common manifestations. However, since SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool specimens much more attention has been paid to gastrointestinal symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea, and diarrhea. Furthermore, the expression of ACE-2 receptors in absorptive enterocytes from ileum and colon suggests that these organs should also be considered as a potential high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. During aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP; e.g. intubating and extubating patients or any surgical procedures), the production of both airborne particles and droplets may increase the risk of infection. In this situation, the surgical staff is strongly recommended to wear personal protective equipment (PPE). A transparent plastic cube, the so-called \"Aerosol Box\" (AB), has been recently designed to lend further protection against droplets and aerosol exposure during the AGMP."}, {"pmid": 32451138, "pmcid": "PMC7190467", "title": "[Is there a need for ophthalmological surveillance in the case of short-term hydroxychloroquine treatment during this COVID-19 pandemic?]", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Defoort-Dhellemmes, S"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451138", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530814, "title": "An internet-based intervention to face stress during social isolation with guided relaxation and meditation: protocol for a randomized controlled study.", "journal": "JMIR Res Protoc", "authors": ["Pizzoli, Silvia Maria Francesca", "Marzorati, Chiara", "Mazzoni, Davide", "Pravettoni, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530814", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Psychophysiological stress and lower well-being are becoming a relevant issue during prolonged social isolation periods. Relaxation practices might represent helpful exercises to cope with anxiety and stressful sensations. The aim of the present research protocol is to test whether remote relaxation practices like natural sounds, deep respiration, and body scan may promote relaxation and emotional state, and reduce psychomotor activation and the preoccupation related to the COVID-19 pandemics. The study consists of 3 experimental groups which will randomly receive online audio clips containing a single session of guided breathing exercise, guided body scan exercise, or natural sounds. The participants will listen to one of the fully automated audio clips for 7 minutes and pre-post complete self-assessed scales on perceived relaxation, psychomotor activation, level of worries associated with COVID-19 and emotional state. At the end of the session, qualitative reports on subjective experience will be asked too. Analysis will test the difference in efficacy between audio clips in an internet-based intervention on 252 subjects (84 per group), investigating whether natural sounds or remote guided practices like deep respiration and body scan enhance in a positive way the perceived psychological state. The study will provide information on if and to what extent guided practices can help in reducing psychological side-effects related to COVID-19 social isolation. "}, {"pmid": 32416679, "title": "Novel Drugs Targeting the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Machinery.", "journal": "Curr Top Med Chem", "authors": ["Sternberg, Ariane", "McKee, Dwight L", "Naujokat, Cord"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416679", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Like other human pathogenic viruses, coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 employs sophisticated macromolecular machines for viral host cell entry, genome replication and protein processing. Such machinery encompasses SARS-CoV-2 envelope spike (S) glycoprotein required for host cell entry by binding to the ACE2 receptor, viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and 3-chymotrypsin-like main protease (3Clpro/Mpro). Under the pressure of the accelerating COVID-19 pandemic caused by the outbreak of SARSCoV- 2 in Wuhan, China in December 2019, novel and repurposed drugs were recently designed and identified for targeting the SARS-CoV-2 reproduction machinery, with the aim to limit spread of SARS-CoV-2 and morbidity and mortality of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32439691, "title": "Mitigating the psychological effects of social isolation during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Razai, Mohammad S", "Oakeshott, Pippa", "Kankam, Hadyn", "Galea, Sandro", "Stokes-Lampard, Helen"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439691", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356040, "pmcid": "PMC7191967", "title": "Initial resolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in China-can the virus return?", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Ge, Junbo"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356040", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489654, "pmcid": "PMC7242007", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and the Liver: Considerations in Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Infections.", "journal": "Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken)", "authors": ["Reddy, K Rajender"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489654", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219357, "title": "Cardiac Involvement in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Inciardi, Riccardo M", "Lupi, Laura", "Zaccone, Gregorio", "Italia, Leonardo", "Raffo, Michela", "Tomasoni, Daniela", "Cani, Dario S", "Cerini, Manuel", "Farina, Davide", "Gavazzi, Emanuele", "Maroldi, Roberto", "Adamo, Marianna", "Ammirati, Enrico", "Sinagra, Gianfranco", "Lombardi, Carlo M", "Metra, Marco"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219357", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Virus infection has been widely described as one of the most common causes of myocarditis. However, less is known about the cardiac involvement as a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To describe the presentation of acute myocardial inflammation in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who recovered from the influenzalike syndrome and developed fatigue and signs and symptoms of heart failure a week after upper respiratory tract symptoms. This case report describes an otherwise healthy 53-year-old woman who tested positive for COVID-19 and was admitted to the cardiac care unit in March 2020 for acute myopericarditis with systolic dysfunction, confirmed on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, the week after onset of fever and dry cough due to COVID-19. The patient did not show any respiratory involvement during the clinical course. Cardiac involvement with COVID-19. Detection of cardiac involvement with an increase in levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity troponin T, echocardiography changes, and diffuse biventricular myocardial edema and late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. An otherwise healthy 53-year-old white woman presented to the emergency department with severe fatigue. She described fever and dry cough the week before. She was afebrile but hypotensive; electrocardiography showed diffuse ST elevation, and elevated high-sensitivity troponin T and NT-proBNP levels were detected. Findings on chest radiography were normal. There was no evidence of obstructive coronary disease on coronary angiography. Based on the COVID-19 outbreak, a nasopharyngeal swab was performed, with a positive result for SARS-CoV-2 on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed increased wall thickness with diffuse biventricular hypokinesis, especially in the apical segments, and severe left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction of 35%). Short tau inversion recovery and T2-mapping sequences showed marked biventricular myocardial interstitial edema, and there was also diffuse late gadolinium enhancement involving the entire biventricular wall. There was a circumferential pericardial effusion that was most notable around the right cardiac chambers. These findings were all consistent with acute myopericarditis. She was treated with dobutamine, antiviral drugs (lopinavir/ritonavir), steroids, chloroquine, and medical treatment for heart failure, with progressive clinical and instrumental stabilization. This case highlights cardiac involvement as a complication associated with COVID-19, even without symptoms and signs of interstitial pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32313844, "pmcid": "PMC7165123", "title": "A rapid transition to voluntary breath hold from device-assisted moderate deep inspiration breath hold for patients receiving breast radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Barnett, Erin", "Comsa, Daria", "Zhang, Beibei", "Pestill, Tyler", "Bradley, Cari", "Proctor, Leslie", "Mohamoud, Gulaid", "Ryan, Michael", "Loudon, James", "Fenkell, Louis"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313844", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361598, "title": "Coronavirus in water environments: Occurrence, persistence and concentration methods - A scoping review.", "journal": "Water Res", "authors": ["La Rosa, Giuseppina", "Bonadonna, Lucia", "Lucentini, Luca", "Kenmoe, Sebastien", "Suffredini, Elisabetta"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361598", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses causing a spectrum of disease ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency worldwide. SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is spread by human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact. However, since SARS-CoV-2 (as well as other coronaviruses) has been found in the fecal samples and anal swabs of some patients, the possibility of fecal-oral (including waterborne) transmission need to be investigated and clarified. This scoping review was conducted to summarize research data on CoV in water environments. A literature survey was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web Science Core Collection. This comprehensive research yielded more than 3000 records, but only 12 met the criteria and were included and discussed in this review. In detail, the review captured relevant studies investigating three main areas: 1) CoV persistence/survival in waters; 2) CoV occurrence in water environments; 3) methods for recovery of CoV from waters. The data available suggest that: i) CoV seems to have a low stability in the environment and is very sensitive to oxidants, like chlorine; ii) CoV appears to be inactivated significantly faster in water than non-enveloped human enteric viruses with known waterborne transmission; iii) temperature is an important factor influencing viral survival (the titer of infectious virus declines more rapidly at 23\u00b0C-25\u00a0\u00b0C than at 4\u00a0\u00b0C); iv) there is no current evidence that human coronaviruses are present in surface or ground waters or are transmitted through contaminated drinking-water; v) further research is needed to adapt to enveloped viruses the methods commonly used for sampling and concentration of enteric, non enveloped viruses from water environments. The evidence-based knowledge reported in this paper is useful to support risk analysis processes within the drinking and wastewater chain (i.e., water and sanitation safety planning) to protect human health from exposure to coronavirus through water."}, {"pmid": 32328297, "pmcid": "PMC7171815", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: A New Chapter in the History of Infectious Diseases.", "journal": "Oman Med J", "authors": ["Balkhair, Abdullah A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328297", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389331, "pmcid": "PMC7186124", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on medical student surgical education: Implementing extreme pandemic response measures in a widely distributed surgical clerkship experience.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Calhoun, Kristine E", "Yale, Laura A", "Whipple, Mark E", "Allen, Suzanne M", "Wood, Douglas E", "Tatum, Roger P"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389331", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335003, "pmcid": "PMC7164866", "title": "Proposed Imaging Guidelines for Pregnant Women Suspected of Having COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Karimi, Mohammad Ali", "Radpour, Alireza", "Sedaghat, Abdolrasul", "Gity, Masoumeh", "Hekmatnia, Ali", "Sanei-Taheri, Morteza", "Tarzamani, Mohammad Kazem", "Arab-Ahmadi, Mehran"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335003", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479413, "title": "Telehealth as a Bright Spot in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations From the \"Frontweb\".", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Olayiwola, J Nwando", "Magana, Candy", "Harmon, Ashley", "Nair, Shalina", "Esposito, Erica", "Harsh, Christine", "Forrest, L Arick", "Wexler, Randy"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479413", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the telehealth tipping point in the practice of family medicine and primary care in the United States, making telehealth not just a novel approach to care but also necessary for public health safety. Social distancing requirements and stay at home orders have shifted patient care from face-to-face in primary care offices to virtual care from clinicians' homes or offices, moving to a new frontline which we call the \"frontweb.\" Our Telehealth Workgroup employed the Clinical Transformation in Technology implementation framework to accelerate telehealth expansion and to develop a consensus document for clinician recommendations in providing remote virtual care during the pandemic. In a few weeks, telehealth went from under 5% of patient visits to almost 93% of patient visits, while maintaining high levels of patient satisfaction. In this paper, we share clinician recommendations and guidance gleaned from this transition to the frontweb, offering a systematic approach for ensuring \"webside\" success."}, {"pmid": 32395098, "pmcid": "PMC7210793", "title": "Aluminum Nanoparticles Acting as a Pulmonary Vaccine Adjuvant-Delivery System (VADS) Able to Safely Elicit Robust Systemic and Mucosal Immunity.", "journal": "J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater", "authors": ["Wang, Ning", "Wei, Chunliu", "Zhang, Zina", "Liu, Ting", "Wang, Ting"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395098", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Vulnerability of respiratory mucosa to invasions of airborne pathogens, such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and avian viruses which sometimes cause a life-threatening epidemic and even pandemic, underscores significance of developing a pulmonary vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS). Herein, 30-nm aluminum nanoparticles (ANs), unlike the mostly used adjuvant alum which is unsuitable for delivering pulmonary vaccines due to side effects, proved able to act as a VADS fitting inhalation immunization to elicit wide-spread anti-antigen immunity. In vitro ANs facilitated cellular uptake of their cargos and, after pulmonary vaccination, induced mouse production of high levels of anti-antigen IgG in serum and IgA in saliva, nasal, bronchoalveolar and also vaginal fluids. Besides, IFN-\u03b3 and anti-antigen IgG2a enriched in immunized mice which meanwhile showed no obvious lung inflammation indicated balanced Th1/Th2 responses were safely induced. These outcomes suggest ANs may be an efficient pulmonary VADS for defending against pathogens, especially, the ones invading hosts via respiratory system. Aluminum nanoparticles can safely induce humoral and cellular immunity at systemic and mucosal level through pulmonary vaccination to contrast the conventional adjuvant alum."}, {"pmid": 32311431, "pmcid": "PMC7165111", "title": "Etiology and genetic evolution of canine coronavirus circulating in five provinces of China, during 2018-2019.", "journal": "Microb Pathog", "authors": ["He, Hai-Jian", "Zhang, Wenyan", "Liang, Jiawei", "Lu, Meng", "Wang, Ruyi", "Li, Gairu", "He, Jia-Wei", "Chen, Jun", "Chen, Jun", "Xing, Gang", "Chen, Ye"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311431", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the outbreaks of COVID-19 in worldwide, coronavirus has once again caught the attention of people. Canine coronavirus is widespread among dog population, and sometimes causes even fatal cases. Here, to characterize the prevalence and evolution of current circulating canine coronavirus (CCoV) strains in China, we collected 213 fecal samples from diarrheic pet dogs between 2018 and 2019. Of the 213 samples, we found 51 (23.94%) were positive for CCoV. Co-infection with canine parvovirus (CPV), canine astrovirus (CaAstV), canine kobuvirus (CaKV), Torque teno canis virus (TTCaV) were ubiquitous existed. Mixed infection of different CCoV subtypes exists extensively. Considering the limited sequences data in recent years, we sequenced 7 nearly complete genomes and 10 complete spike gene. Phylogenetic analysis of spike gene revealed a new subtype CCoV-II Variant and CCoV-IIa was the most prevalent subtype currently circulating. Moreover, we identified strain B906_ZJ_2019 shared 93.24% nucleotide identifies with previous strain A76, and both of them clustered with CCoV-II Variant, which were not well clustered with the known subtypes. Recombination analysis of B906_ZJ_2019 indicated that strain B906_ZJ_2019 may a recombinant variant between CCoV-I and CCoV-II, which is consistent with strain A76. Furthermore, amino acid variations widely existed among current CCoV-IIa strains circulating in China and the classic CCoV-IIa strains, in spite of the unknown functions. In a word, we report a useful information as to the etiology and evolution of canine coronavirus in China based on the available sequences, which is urgent for the devise of future effective disease prevention and control strategies."}, {"pmid": 32487511, "pmcid": "PMC7239777", "title": "Dwindling blood reserves: An ominous downside of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Transfus Apher Sci", "authors": ["Kumar, Sohail", "Azim, Dua", "Nasim, Sundus", "Hashmi, Shariq Haider"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487511", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503613, "pmcid": "PMC7274565", "title": "An urgent call to address the nutritional status of women and children in Nepal during COVID-19 crises.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Panthi, Bindu", "Khanal, Pratik", "Dahal, Minakshi", "Maharjan, Sajana", "Nepal, Sushil"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503613", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the ongoing nationwide lockdown in Nepal, women and children face a greater risk of malnutrition and eventually leading to mortality and morbidity. To harness the progress made so far in improving the nutritional status of women and children, a focus on nutrition should be a part of the COVID-19 response plan."}, {"pmid": 32416947, "pmcid": "PMC7158767", "title": "Covid-19 pandemic and digital transformation in critical care units.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Murillo-Cabezas, Francisco", "Vigil-Martin, Eduardo", "Raimondi, Nestor", "Perez-Fernandez, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416947", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405629, "pmcid": "PMC7219960", "title": "COVID-19 and Cancer Patients.", "journal": "Cancer Med J", "authors": ["Patel, Rajvi", "Park, Jennifer", "Shah, Ankit", "Saif, Muhammad Wasif"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405629", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has now been declared a global pandemic with evolving incidence rates and fatalities. It is important to identify vulnerable populations who will be impacted most by this pandemic leading to higher mortality rates compared to the general healthy population. Although older patients and patients with co-morbidities fall into this vulnerable group, patients with hematologic and oncologic malignancies on active cytotoxic treatments are at even greater risk as they are both myelosuppressed and immunosuppressed. In addition to following the universal guidelines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), it is important to also institute guidelines for cancer centers to help protect this vulnerable population. We review the current data, risks, and recommendations for COVID-19 in cancer patients."}, {"pmid": 32362647, "title": "Severe acute respiratory illness surveillance for coronavirus disease 2019, India, 2020.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Gupta, Nivedita", "Praharaj, Ira", "Bhatnagar, Tarun", "Vivian Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley", "Giri, Sidhartha", "Chauhan, Himanshu", "Kulkarni, Sanket", "Murhekar, Manoj", "Singh, Sujeet", "Gangakhedkar, Raman R", "Bhargava, Balram"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362647", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sentinel surveillance among severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients can help identify the spread and extent of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARI surveillance was initiated in the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in India. We describe here the positivity for COVID-19 among SARI patients and their characteristics. SARI patients admitted at 41 sentinel sites from February 15, 2020 onwards were tested for COVID-19 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, targeting E and RdRp genes of SARS-CoV-2. Data were extracted from Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory Network for analysis. A total of 104 (1.8%) of the 5,911 SARI patients tested were positive for COVID-19. These cases were reported from 52 districts in 20 States/Union Territories. The COVID-19 positivity was higher among males and patients aged above 50 years. In all, 40 (39.2%) COVID-19 cases did not report any history of contact with a known case or international travel. COVID-19 containment activities need to be targeted in districts reporting COVID-19 cases among SARI patients. Intensifying sentinel surveillance for COVID-19 among SARI patients may be an efficient tool to effectively use resources towards containment and mitigation efforts."}, {"pmid": 32175814, "pmcid": "PMC7233387", "title": "Radiology Department Preparedness for COVID-19: Radiology Scientific Expert Panel.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Mossa-Basha, Mahmud", "Meltzer, Carolyn C", "Kim, Danny C", "Tuite, Michael J", "Kolli, K Pallav", "Tan, Bien Soo"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175814", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385368, "title": "First CRISPR test for the coronavirus approved in the United States.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Guglielmi, Giorgia"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385368", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506536, "title": "Emerging viral mutants in Australia suggest RNA recombination event in the SARS-CoV-2 genome.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Yeh, Ting-Yu", "Contreras, Gregory P"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506536", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32167747, "pmcid": "PMC7094171", "title": "Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution, Host-Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Baig, Abdul Mannan", "Khaleeq, Areeba", "Ali, Usman", "Syeda, Hira"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167747", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) has gripped the world with apprehension and has evoked a scare of epic proportion regarding its potential to spread and infect humans worldwide. As we are in the midst of an ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, scientists are struggling to understand how it resembles and differs from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) at the genomic and transcriptomic level. In a short time following the outbreak, it has been shown that, similar to SARS-CoV, COVID-19 virus exploits the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to gain entry inside the cells. This finding raises the curiosity of investigating the expression of ACE2 in neurological tissue and determining the possible contribution of neurological tissue damage to the morbidity and mortality caused by COIVD-19. Here, we investigate the density of the expression levels of ACE2 in the CNS, the host-virus interaction and relate it to the pathogenesis and complications seen in the recent cases resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak. Also, we debate the need for a model for staging COVID-19 based on neurological tissue involvement."}, {"pmid": 32278725, "pmcid": "PMC7195575", "title": "Medically Necessary, Time-Sensitive Procedures: Scoring System to Ethically and Efficiently Manage Resource Scarcity and Provider Risk During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Prachand, Vivek N", "Milner, Ross", "Angelos, Peter", "Posner, Mitchell C", "Fung, John J", "Agrawal, Nishant", "Jeevanandam, Valluvan", "Matthews, Jeffrey B"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hospitals have severely curtailed the performance of nonurgent surgical procedures in anticipation of the need to redeploy healthcare resources to meet the projected massive medical needs of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Surgical treatment of non-COVID-19 related disease during this period, however, still remains necessary. The decision to proceed with medically necessary, time-sensitive (MeNTS) procedures in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic requires incorporation of factors (resource limitations, COVID-19 transmission risk to providers and patients) heretofore not overtly considered by surgeons in the already complicated processes of clinical judgment and shared decision-making. We describe a scoring system that systematically integrates these factors to facilitate decision-making and triage for MeNTS procedures, and appropriately weighs individual patient risks with the ethical necessity of optimizing public health concerns. This approach is applicable across a broad range of hospital settings (academic and community, urban and rural) in the midst of the pandemic and may be able to inform case triage as operating room capacity resumes once the acute phase of the pandemic subsides."}, {"pmid": 32489694, "pmcid": "PMC7220290", "title": "Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Coronavirus (COVID-19)-Induced Pneumonia: Revisiting the Paracrine Hypothesis with New Hopes?", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Ozturk, Selcuk", "Elcin, Ayse Eser", "Elcin, Yasar Murat"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489694", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) bear a promising potential for regenerative medicine therapies and they repair damaged tissue through secretion of immune modulatory and anti-inflammatory molecules acting in a paracrine fashion. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread all over the world with high morbidity and mortality rates and there is no specific treatment for this infection. A recent study published in the journal reports that MSC infusion is safe and effective in patients suffering from COVID-19 induced pneumonia. In the light of this study and previous reports, we make additional comments about possible therapeutic effects of MSCs in COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32455442, "title": "Recommendations of the Thoracic Imaging Section of the German Radiological Society for clinical application of chest imaging and structured CT reporting in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Rofo", "authors": ["Vogel-Claussen, Jens", "Ley-Zaporozhan, Julia", "Agarwal, Prerana", "Biederer, Jurgen", "Kauczor, Hans-Ulrich", "Ley, Sebastian", "Kuhl, Hilmar", "Mueller-Lisse, Ullrich G", "Persigehl, Thorsten", "Schlett, Christopher L", "Wormanns, Dag", "Antoch, Gerald", "Hamer, Okka W"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455442", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This information provided by the Thoracic Imaging Section of the German Radiological Society is intended to give physicians recommendations on the use of thoracic imaging procedures in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. It represents the consensus of the authors based on the previous scientific knowledge and is intended to provide guidance for unified, structured CT reporting if COVID-19 pneumonia is suspected. The recommendations presented correspond to state of knowledge at the time of print and will be updated according to the results of ongoing and future scientific studies. KEY POINTS:: \u00b7 COVID-19. \u00b7 chest imaging. \u00b7 German Radiological Society. CITATION FORMAT: \u00b7 Vogel-Claussen J, Ley-Zaporozhan J, Agarwal P et\u200aal. Recommendations of the Thoracic Imaging Section of the\u00a0German Radiological Society for clinical application of\u00a0chest imaging and structured CT reporting in the COVID-19 pandemic. Fortschr R\u00f6ntgenstr 2020; DOI: 10.1055/a-1174-8378."}, {"pmid": 32327407, "title": "Covid-19: BMA demands full death in service benefits for UK doctors.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327407", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311145, "pmcid": "PMC7264660", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in beta thalassemia: Preliminary data from the Italian experience.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Motta, Irene", "Migone De Amicis, Margherita", "Pinto, Valeria M", "Balocco, Manuela", "Longo, Filomena", "Bonetti, Federico", "Gianesin, Barbara", "Graziadei, Giovanna", "Cappellini, Maria D", "De Franceschi, Lucia", "Piga, Antonio", "Forni, Gian L"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311145", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519997, "pmcid": "PMC7269921", "title": "Coping with COVID-19 - The life changing pandemic.", "journal": "J World Fed Orthod", "authors": ["Krishnan, Vinod"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519997", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344058, "pmcid": "PMC7195012", "title": "COVID-19 diagnostic process in mainland China: The math beyond pneumonia.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Wu, Feng", "Huang, Weishan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344058", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278467, "pmcid": "PMC7118684", "title": "[COVID-19 and people followed for breast cancer: French guidelines for clinical practice of Nice-St Paul de Vence, in collaboration with the College Nationale des Gynecologues et Obstetriciens Francais (CNGOF), the Societe d'Imagerie de la Femme (SIFEM), the Societe Francaise de Chirurgie Oncologique (SFCO), the Societe Francaise de Senologie et Pathologie Mammaire (SFSPM) and the French Breast Cancer Intergroup-UNICANCER (UCBG)].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Gligorov, Joseph", "Bachelot, Thomas", "Pierga, Jean-Yves", "Antoine, Eric-Charles", "Balleyguier, Corinne", "Barranger, Emmanuel", "Belkacemi, Yazid", "Bonnefoi, Herve", "Bidard, Francois-Clement", "Ceugnart, Luc", "Classe, Jean-Marc", "Cottu, Paul", "Coutant, Charles", "Cutuli, Bruno", "Dalenc, Florence", "Darai, Emile", "Dieras, Veronique", "Dohollou, Nadine", "Giacchetti, Sylvie", "Goncalves, Anthony", "Hardy-Bessard, Anne-Claire", "Houvenaeghel, Gilles", "Jacquin, Jean-Philippe", "Jacot, William", "Levy, Christelle", "Mathelin, Carole", "Nisand, Israel", "Petit, Thierry", "Petit, Thierry", "Poncelet, Edouard", "Rivera, Sofia", "Rouzier, Roman", "Salmon, Remy", "Scotte, Florian", "Spano, Jean-Philippe", "Uzan, Catherine", "Zelek, Laurent", "Spielmann, Marc", "Penault-Llorca, Frederique", "Namer, Moise", "Delaloge, Suzette"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278467", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361337, "pmcid": "PMC7177115", "title": "Facetime to reduce behavioral problems in a nursing home resident with Alzheimer's dementia during COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Padala, Sanjana P", "Jendro, Ashlyn M", "Orr, Lillian C"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361337", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330542, "pmcid": "PMC7172665", "title": "A Call for Rapid Submission of Data for Aggregate Review: Can Daily Radiotherapy Imaging Be Used as a Potential Screen for Coronavirus Disease 2019?", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Warren, Graham W", "Adjei, Alex A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330542", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269598, "pmcid": "PMC7134577", "title": "Anosmia and ageusia are emerging as symptoms in patients with COVID-19: What does the current evidence say?", "journal": "Ecancermedicalscience", "authors": ["Russell, Beth", "Moss, Charlotte", "Rigg, Anne", "Hopkins, Claire", "Papa, Sophie", "Van Hemelrijck, Mieke"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269598", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There have been several reports noting anosmia and ageusia as possible symptoms of COVID-19. This is of particular interest in oncology since patients receiving some cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or immune therapy often experience similar symptoms as side-effects. The purpose of this report was to summarise the evidence on the existence of anosmia and ageusia an emerging COVID-19 symptoms in order to better inform both oncology patients and clinicians. Currently, there is no published evidence or case reports noting anosmia or ageusia as symptoms of COVID-19. Nevertheless, experts in rhinology have suggested that the onset of such symptoms could either act as a trigger for testing for the disease where possible, or could be a new criterion to self-isolate. Whilst more data is currently needed to strengthen our knowledge of the symptoms of COVID-19, oncology patients who are concerned about anosmia or ageusia in the context of their systemic anti-cancer therapy should contact their acute oncology support line for advice."}, {"pmid": 32305046, "title": "Severe COVID-19 during Pregnancy and Possible Vertical Transmission.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Alzamora, Maria Claudia", "Paredes, Tania", "Caceres, David", "Webb, Camille M", "Valdez, Luis M", "La Rosa, Mauricio"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305046", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are few cases of pregnant women with novel corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) in the literature, most of them with a mild illness course. There is limited evidence about in utero infection and early positive neonatal testing. A 41-year-old G3P2 with a history of previous cesarean deliveries and diabetes mellitus presented with a 4-day history of malaise, low-grade fever, and progressive shortness of breath. A nasopharyngeal swab was positive for COVID-19, COVID-19 serology was negative. The patient developed respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation on day 5 of disease onset. The patient underwent a cesarean delivery, and neonatal isolation was implemented immediately after birth, without delayed cord clamping or skin-to-skin contact. The neonatal nasopharyngeal swab, 16\u2009hours after delivery, was positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunoglobulin (Ig)-M and IgG for SARS-CoV-2 were negative. Maternal IgM and IgG were positive on postpartum day 4 (day 9 after symptom onset). We report a severe presentation of COVID-19 during pregnancy. To our knowledge, this is the earliest reported positive PCR in the neonate, raising the concern for vertical transmission. We suggest pregnant women should be considered as a high-risk group and minimize exposures for these reasons. KEY POINTS: \u00b7 We report a severe presentation of COVID-19 in pregnancy requiring invasive ventilatory support.. \u00b7 This is a case of positive RT-PCR in first day of life, suggesting possible vertical transmission.. \u00b7 There were no detectable maternal antibodies for COVID-19 until after delivery.."}, {"pmid": 32405974, "pmcid": "PMC7220847", "title": "Organ function support in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Tongji experience.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Li, Yong", "He, Fan", "Zhou, Ning", "Wei, Jia", "Ding, Zeyang", "Wang, Luyun", "Chen, Peng", "Guo, Shuiming", "Zhang, Binhao", "Wan, Xiaoning", "Zhu, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405974", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease and a serious threat to human health. COVID-19 can cause multiple organ dysfunction, such as respiratory and circulatory failure, liver and kidney injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and thromboembolism, and even death. The World Health Organization reports that the mortality rate of severe-type COVID-19 is over 50%. Currently, the number of severe cases worldwide has increased rapidly, but the experience in the treatment of infected patients is still limited. Given the lack of specific antiviral drugs, multi-organ function support treatment is important for patients with COVID-19. To improve the cure rate and reduce the mortality of patients with severe- and critical-type COVID-19, this paper summarizes the experience of organ function support in patients with severe- and critical-type COVID-19 in Optical Valley Branch of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. This paper systematically summarizes the procedures of functional support therapies for multiple organs and systems, including respiratory, circulatory, renal, hepatic, and hematological systems, among patients with severe- and critical-type COVID-19. This paper provides a clinical reference and a new strategy for the optimal treatment of COVID-19 worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32470485, "pmcid": "PMC7250068", "title": "Does asthma affect morbidity or severity of Covid-19?", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Matsumoto, Kenji", "Saito, Hirohisa"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470485", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488888, "title": "Elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase level identifies patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and predicts the length of hospital stay.", "journal": "J Clin Lab Anal", "authors": ["Gu, Xuexiang", "Li, Xiangyu", "An, Xusheng", "Yang, Shufeng", "Wu, Shangnong", "Yang, Xiaozhong", "Wang, Honggang"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488888", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide public health emergency. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of liver blood tests in COVID-19 patients. The analysis included clinical data of 23 patients with suspected COVID-19 and 66 patients with confirmed COVID-19 from January 25 to February 20, 2020. The relationship between liver blood test results, liver condition (HBsAb positive, HBcAb positive, and fatty liver disease), and duration of hospital stay among COVID-19 patients was analyzed. The median hospital stay of COVID-19 patients was 6\u00a0days. Serum albumin (Alb) level was lower in patients with COVID-19 confirmed on admission than in patients with suspected COVID-19 (40.08\u00a0g/L vs 42.50\u00a0g/L, P\u00a0=\u00a0.016), while the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was higher (23\u00a0U/L vs 18\u00a0U/L, P\u00a0=\u00a0.005). Abnormal results of liver blood tests in patients with COVID-19 included increased levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) (21.2%, 14 patients), AST (15.2%, 10 patients), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (22.7%, 15 patients). After 5-10\u00a0days of treatment, levels of Alb and AST in COVID-19 patients were significantly decreased (P\u00a0<\u00a0.001 and P\u00a0=\u00a0.027, respectively). Abnormal levels of Alb and AST in patients with COVID-19 were not associated with the liver condition (all P\u00a0>\u00a0.05). In addition, only levels of AST were positively correlated with the duration of hospital stay (r\u00a0=\u00a0.334, P\u00a0=\u00a0.007). Abnormal results of the liver blood test were found in COVID-19 patients. The COVID-19 patients on admission with the higher levels of AST might have longer hospital stays."}, {"pmid": 32507697, "title": "How Has COVID-19 Affected the Costs of the Surgical Fellowship Interview Process?", "journal": "J Surg Educ", "authors": ["Tseng, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507697", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on the costs of the surgical fellowship interview process. A literature review of the historical costs of surgical fellowship interviews and a summary of how the shift to virtual interviews has unintended positive and negative effects on costs for applicants and training programs. Transitioning fellowship interviews to virtual platforms affects expenditures of finances and time. Each fellowship candidate saves close to $6,000 in interview travel expenses. Applicants require less time off from their residency programs during this critical time of need for frontline healthcare workers. However, applicants miss some of the live aspects of interviewing, and training programs invest more effort upfront altering their interviews to virtual formats. The COVID-19 public health crisis has had a significant impact on surgical education, including how selection is conducted. Virtual recruitment has the potential for cost savings but should continue to be refined. This is an opportune time to innovate and rethink how to recruit prospective surgical residency and fellowship candidates during the current and forthcoming interview seasons."}, {"pmid": 32249681, "pmcid": "PMC7273863", "title": "Triaging Office Based Urology Procedures during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Katz, Eric G", "Stensland, Kristian D", "Mandeville, Jessica A", "MacLachlan, Lara S", "Moinzadeh, Alireza", "Sorcini, Andrea", "Zaid, Harras B", "Bukavina, Laura", "Ponsky, Lee", "Chang, Sam S"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249681", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413655, "pmcid": "PMC7194561", "title": "Does lockdown reduce air pollution? Evidence from 44 cities in northern China.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Bao, Rui", "Zhang, Acheng"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413655", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Responding to the ongoing novel coronavirus (agent of COVID-19) outbreak, China implemented \"the largest quarantine in human history\" in Wuhan on 23 January 2020. Similar quarantine measures were imposed on other Chinese cities within days. Human mobility and relevant production and consumption activities have since decreased significantly. As a likely side effect of this decrease, many regions have recorded significant reductions in air pollution. We employed daily air pollution data and Intracity Migration Index (IMI) data form Baidu between 1 January and 21 March 2020 for 44 cities in northern China to examine whether, how, and to what extent travel restrictions affected air quality. On the basis of this quantitative analysis, we reached the following conclusions: (1) The reduction of air pollution was strongly associated with travel restrictions during this pandemic-on average, the air quality index (AQI) decreased by 7.80%, and five air pollutants (i.e., SO2, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO) decreased by 6.76%, 5.93%, 13.66%, 24.67%, and 4.58%, respectively. (2) Mechanism analysis illustrated that the lockdowns of 44 cities reduced human movements by 69.85%, and a reduction in the AQI, PM2.5, and CO was partially mediated by human mobility, and SO2, PM10, and NO2 were completely mediated. (3) Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the role of green production and consumption."}, {"pmid": 32320516, "pmcid": "PMC7264656", "title": "Scientific research progress of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 in the first five months.", "journal": "J Cell Mol Med", "authors": ["Li, Hua", "Liu, Zhe", "Ge, Junbo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320516", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of pneumonia (COVID-19) cases have been found in Wuhan China in late December, 2019, and subsequently, a novel coronavirus with a positive stranded RNA was identified to be the aetiological virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2), which has a phylogenetic similarity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). SARS-CoV-2 transmits mainly through droplets and close contact and the elder or people with chronic diseases are high-risk population. People affected by SARS-CoV-2 can be asymptomatic, which brings about more difficulties to control the transmission. COVID-19 has become pandemic rapidly after onset, and so far the infected people have been above 2\u00a0000\u00a0000 and more than 130\u00a0000 died worldwide according to COVID-19 situation dashboard of World Health Organization (https://covid19.who.int). Here, we summarized the current known knowledge regarding epidemiological, pathogenesis, pathology, clinical features, comorbidities and treatment of COVID-19/ SARS-CoV-2 as reference for the prevention and control COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32366658, "pmcid": "PMC7260988", "title": "Evidence from internet search data shows information-seeking responses to news of local COVID-19 cases.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Bento, Ana I", "Nguyen, Thuy", "Wing, Coady", "Lozano-Rojas, Felipe", "Ahn, Yong-Yeol", "Simon, Kosali"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366658", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is a global pandemic with community circulation in many countries, including the United States, with confirmed cases in all states. The course of this pandemic will be shaped by how governments enact timely policies and disseminate information and by how the public reacts to policies and information. Here, we examine information-seeking responses to the first COVID-19 case public announcement in a state. Using an event study framework for all US states, we show that such news increases collective attention to the crisis right away. However, the elevated level of attention is short-lived, even though the initial announcements are followed by increasingly strong policy measures. Specifically, searches for \"coronavirus\" increased by about 36% (95% CI: 27 to 44%) on the day immediately after the first case announcement but decreased back to the baseline level in less than a week or two. We find that people respond to the first report of COVID-19 in their state by immediately seeking information about COVID-19, as measured by searches for coronavirus, coronavirus symptoms, and hand sanitizer. On the other hand, searches for information regarding community-level policies (e.g., quarantine, school closures, testing) or personal health strategies (e.g., masks, grocery delivery, over-the-counter medications) do not appear to be immediately triggered by first reports. These results are representative of the study period being relatively early in the epidemic, and more-elaborate policy responses were not yet part of the public discourse. Further analysis should track evolving patterns of responses to subsequent flows of public information."}, {"pmid": 32419524, "title": "Old and re-purposed drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther", "authors": ["Jean, Shio-Shin", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419524", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed since December 2019. It has caused a global pandemic with more than three hundred thousand case fatalities. However, apart from supportive care by respirators, no standard medical therapy is validated. This paper presents old drugs with potential in vitro efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. The in vitro database, adverse effects, and potential toxicities of these drugs are reviewed regarding their feasibility of clinical prescription for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. To obtain convincing recommendations, we referred to opinions from the US National Institute of Health regarding drugs repurposed for COVID-19 therapy. Although strong evidence of well-designed randomized controlled studies regarding COVID-19 therapy is presently lacking, remdesivir, teicoplanin, hydroxychloroquine (not in combination with azithromycin), and ivermectin might be effective antiviral drugs and are deemed promising candidates for controlling SARS-CoV-2. In addition, tocilizumab might be considered as the supplementary treatment for COVID-19 patients with cytokine release syndrome. In future, clinical trials regarding a combination of potentially effective drugs against SARS-CoV-2 need to be conducted to establish the optimal regimen for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32231322, "title": "Climate vs coronavirus: Why massive stimulus plans could represent missed opportunities.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tollefson, Jeff"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231322", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229322, "pmcid": "PMC7102545", "title": "Diagnosis of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): rRT-PCR or CT?", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Long, Chunqin", "Xu, Huaxiang", "Shen, Qinglin", "Zhang, Xianghai", "Fan, Bing", "Wang, Chuanhong", "Zeng, Bingliang", "Li, Zicong", "Li, Xiaofen", "Li, Honglu"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229322", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) and real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for COVID-19 pneumonia. This retrospective study included all patients with COVID-19 pneumonia suspicion, who were examined by both CT and rRT-PCR at initial presentation. The sensitivities of both tests were then compared. For patients with a final confirmed diagnosis, clinical and laboratory data, in addition to CT imaging findings were evaluated. A total of 36 patients were finally diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. Thirty-five patients had abnormal CT findings at presentation, whereas one patient had a normal CT. Using rRT-PCR, 30 patients were tested positive, with 6 cases initially missed. Amongst these 6 patients, 3 became positive in the second rRT-PCR assay(after 2 days, 2 days and 3 days respectively), and the other 3 became positive only in the third round of rRT-PCR tests(after 5 days, 6 days and 8 days respectively). At presentation, CT sensitivity was therefore 97.2%, whereas the sensitivity of initial rRT-PCR was only 83.3%. rRT-PCR may produce initial false negative results. We suggest that patients with typical CT findings but negative rRT-PCR results should be isolated, and rRT-PCR should be repeated to avoid misdiagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32371934, "title": "Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Leung, Nancy H L", "Chu, Daniel K W", "Shiu, Eunice Y C", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "McDevitt, James J", "Hau, Benien J P", "Yen, Hui-Ling", "Li, Yuguo", "Ip, Dennis K M", "Peiris, J S Malik", "Seto, Wing-Hong", "Leung, Gabriel M", "Milton, Donald K", "Cowling, Benjamin J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371934", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We identified seasonal human coronaviruses, influenza viruses and rhinoviruses in exhaled breath and coughs of children and adults with acute respiratory illness. Surgical face masks significantly reduced detection of influenza virus RNA in respiratory droplets and coronavirus RNA in aerosols, with a trend toward reduced detection of coronavirus RNA in respiratory droplets. Our results indicate that surgical face masks could prevent transmission of human coronaviruses and influenza viruses from symptomatic individuals."}, {"pmid": 32436229, "pmcid": "PMC7267130", "title": "Could COVID-19 have an impact on male fertility?", "journal": "Andrologia", "authors": ["Illiano, Ester", "Trama, Francesco", "Costantini, Elisabetta"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436229", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to several hypotheses of functional alteration of different organs. The direct influence of this virus on the male urogenital organs is still to be evaluated. However some hypotheses can already be made, especially in the andrological field, for the biological similarity of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2. As well as SARS-CoV, SARS CoV-2 uses the 'Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2' (ACE2) as a receptor to enter human cells. It was found that ACE2, Angiotensin (1-7) and its MAS receptors are present, over in the lung, also in the testicles, in particular in Leydig and Sertoli cells. A first hypothesis is that the virus could enter the testicle and lead to alterations in testicular functionality. A second hypothesis is that the binding of the virus to the ACE2 receptor, could cause an excess of ACE2 and give rise to a typical inflammatory response. The inflammatory cells could interfere with the function of Leydig and Sertoli cells. Both hypotheses should be evaluated and confirmed, in order to possibly monitor fertility in patients COVID-19+."}, {"pmid": 32456716, "title": "Prisons and the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Gulati, Gautam", "Dunne, Colum P", "Kelly, Brendan D"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456716", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451939, "pmcid": "PMC7246959", "title": "\"Everything is a Mess\": How COVID-19 is Impacting Engagement with HIV Testing Services in Rural Southwestern Uganda.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Ponticiello, Matthew", "Mwanga-Amumpaire, Juliet", "Tushemereirwe, Patricia", "Nuwagaba, Gabriel", "King, Rachel", "Sundararajan, Radhika"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451939", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327330, "pmcid": "PMC7166098", "title": "Management of mild cases of COVID-19 in low-resource countries: An experience in Vietnam.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Than, Hung Manh", "Nong, Vuong Minh", "Nguyen, Cap Trung", "Thi Tran, Ninh Hai", "Do, Cuong Duy", "Pham, Thach Ngoc"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327330", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348783, "pmcid": "PMC7195008", "title": "Hyperinflammation and derangement of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in COVID-19: A novel hypothesis for clinically suspected hypercoagulopathy and microvascular immunothrombosis.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Henry, Brandon Michael", "Vikse, Jens", "Benoit, Stefanie", "Favaloro, Emmanuel J", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348783", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early clinical evidence suggests that severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are frequently characterized by hyperinflammation, imbalance of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and a particular form of vasculopathy, thrombotic microangiopathy, and intravascular coagulopathy. In this paper, we present an immunothrombosis model of COVID-19. We discuss the underlying pathogenesis and the interaction between multiple systems, resulting in propagation of immunothrombosis, which through investigation in the coming weeks, may lead to both an improved understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology and identification of innovative and efficient therapeutic targets to reverse the otherwise unfavorable clinical outcome of many of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32467423, "title": "Potential mechanisms of cardiac injury and common pathways of inflammation in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Pathw Cardiol", "authors": ["Centurion, Osmar Antonio", "Scavenius, Karina E", "Garcia, Laura B", "Torales, Judith M", "Mino, Luis M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467423", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the lack of prospective, randomized, controlled clinical studies on inflammation and cardiovascular involvement, the exact mechanism of cardiac injury among patients with COVID-19 still remains uncertain. It was demonstrated that there is a high and significantly positive linear correlation between troponin T and plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, biomarkers of cardiac injury and systemic inflammation, respectively. Cardiac injury and inflammation is a relatively common association among patients hospitalized with COVID-19, and it is related to higher risk of in-hospital mortality. In our literature search, we identified several potential mechanisms of myocardial tissue damage, namely, coronavirus-associated acute myocarditis, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor binding affinity to the virus Spike protein, increased cytokine secretion, and hypoxia induced cardiac myocyte apoptosis. Elucidation of the disease pathogenesis and prospective histopathological studies are crucial for future proper treatment in case of renewed outbreaks. Of interest is that with hundred of thousands of bodies available for autopsy studies, no prospective investigation has been reported so far. Strong efforts and continued research of the cardiovascular complications and identification of risk factors for poor prognosis in COVID-19 are steadily needed. The high morbidity and mortality of COVID-19, its monumental economic burden and social impact, the despair of a new pandemic outbreak, and the thread of potential utilization of novel SARS-CoV2 as biologic weapons make it a preponderant necessity to better comprehend the therapeutic management of this lethal disease. Emerging as an acute infectious disease, COVID-19 may become a chronic epidemic because of genetic recombination. Therefore, we should be ready for the reemergence of COVID-19 or other coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32412515, "title": "Recommendations for the management of critically ill adult patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Gac Med Mex", "authors": ["Namendys-Silva, Silvio A", "Dominguez-Cherit, Guillermo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412515", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Except for pregnant women, the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 during the pandemic includes the standard procedures that are used for any patient that requires to be attended to at the intensive care unit, as well as limited administration of crystalloid solutions, orotracheal intubation, invasive mechanical ventilation in the event of patient clinical deterioration, and muscle relaxants continuous infusion only if necessary. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation and high-flow oxygen therapy are not recommended due to the generation of aerosol (associated with risk of viral spread among health personnel), and neither is extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or the use of steroids. So far, there is no specific antiviral treatment for patients with COVID-19, and neither are there results of controlled trials supporting the use of any."}, {"pmid": 32463084, "title": "Letter: Using Continuous Intracranial Electroencephalography Monitoring to Manage Epilepsy Patients During COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Mirro, Emily A", "Halpern, Casey H"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308536, "pmcid": "PMC7153689", "title": "A Critical Appraisal of COVID-19 in Malaysia and Beyond.", "journal": "Malays J Med Sci", "authors": ["Abdullah, Jafri Malin", "Wan Ismail, Wan Faisham Nu'man", "Mohamad, Irfan", "Ab Razak, Asrenee", "Harun, Azian", "Musa, Kamarul Imran", "Lee, Yeong Yeh"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308536", "countries": ["China", "Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When the first report of COVID-19 appeared in December 2019 from Wuhan, China, the world unknowingly perceived this as another flu-like illness. Many were surprised at the extreme steps that China had subsequently taken to seal Wuhan from the rest of the world. However, by February 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, had spread so quickly across the globe that the World Health Organization officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic. COVID-19 is not the first pandemic the world has seen, so what makes it so unique in Malaysia, is discussed to avoid a future coronacoma."}, {"pmid": 32484893, "title": "Elevated Cardiac Troponin I Is Associated with Poor Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients at an Academic Medical Center in Midwestern USA.", "journal": "J Appl Lab Med", "authors": ["Franks, Caroline E", "Scott, Mitchell G", "Farnsworth, Christopher W"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484893", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511042, "title": "COVID-19 and Inequities in Oral Health Care for Older People: An Opportunity for Emerging Paradigms.", "journal": "JDR Clin Trans Res", "authors": ["Leon, S", "Giacaman, R A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511042", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe restrictions have been imposed in most countries for oral health care to the general population, allowing treatment only for emergencies, because of the generation of aerosols during clinical procedures and to ration personal protective equipment (PPE) during the pandemic. This article stresses the critical situation that affects oral health for older persons in the complex times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Older adults are at high risk for the viral infection, but neglected dental conditions may worsen their health, triggering infections that can lead to local and systemic complications, compromising general health. We propose that under current and possibly future scenarios, teledentistry and the minimal intervention dentistry approach may play a pivotal role in reshaping the profession. The already existent inequities in oral health care may be exacerbated due to the pandemic, especially in the developing world. More research along with a strong educational component in the dental curriculum must be emphasized. COVID-19 may be an opportunity to change canonical paradigms. The dental profession must reflect and take action to face future challenges. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This article provides an overview of the oral health situation imposed by COVID-19 and the minimal intervention alternatives to provide care to older people who are at risk and have reduced access to care."}, {"pmid": 32386664, "pmcid": "PMC7195319", "title": "COVID-19: The forgotten priorities of the pandemic.", "journal": "Maturitas", "authors": ["Mesa Vieira, Cristina", "Franco, Oscar H", "Gomez Restrepo, Carlos", "Abel, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386664", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The zoonotic virus now named SARS-CoV-2 first infected humans in China, and COVID-19 has rapidly become pandemic. To mitigate its impact on societies, health systems and economies, countries have adopted non-pharmacological preventive practices such as 'spatial' or 'social' distancing, the use of protective masks, and handwashing; these have been widely implemented. However, measures aimed at protecting physical health and healthcare systems have side-effects that might have a big impact on individuals' wellbeing. As the pandemic reaches low- and middle-income countries, weaker health systems, limited resources and the lower socioeconomic status of their populations make halting the pandemic more challenging. In this article, we explore the impact of COVID-19 and its prevention measures on the wellbeing of vulnerable populations. Special attention must be given to homeless, indigenous, migrant and imprisoned populations, as well as people living with disabilities and the elderly. More than just resolute governmental action will be required to overcome the pandemic. Links between science and political actions have to be strengthened. Fighting COVID-19 is a collective endeavour and community action, on a global scale, is of paramount importance."}, {"pmid": 32448391, "pmcid": "PMC7245637", "title": "The pulmonary sequalae in discharged patients with COVID-19: a short-term observational study.", "journal": "Respir Res", "authors": ["Liu, Dehan", "Zhang, Wanshu", "Pan, Feng", "Li, Lin", "Yang, Lian", "Zheng, Dandan", "Wang, Jiazheng", "Liang, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448391", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia were discharged from hospitals in Wuhan, China. We aimed to determine the cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution at each time point, to explore the relevant affecting factors, and to describe the chest CT findings at different time points after hospital discharge. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed by RT-PCR who were discharged consecutively from the hospital between 5 February 2020 and 10 March 2020 and who underwent serial chest CT scans on schedule were enrolled. The radiological characteristics of all patients were collected and analysed. The total CT score was the sum of non-GGO involvement determined at discharge. Afterwards, all patients underwent chest CT scans during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks after discharge. Imaging features and distributions were analysed across different time points. A total of 149 patients who completed all CT scans were evaluated; there were 67 (45.0%) men and 82 (55.0%) women, with a median age of 43\u2009years old (IQR 36-56). The cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution was 8.1% (12 patients), 41.6% (62), 50.3% (75), and 53.0% (79) at discharge and during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks after discharge, respectively. Patients \u226444\u2009years old showed a significantly higher cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution than patients >\u200944\u2009years old at the 3-week follow-up. The predominant patterns of abnormalities observed at discharge were ground-glass opacity (GGO) (125 [83.9%]), fibrous stripe (81 [54.4%]), and thickening of the adjacent pleura (33 [22.1%]). The positive count of GGO, fibrous stripe and thickening of the adjacent pleura gradually decreased, while GGO and fibrous stripe showed obvious resolution during the first week and the third week after discharge, respectively. \"Tinted\" sign and bronchovascular bundle distortion as two special features were discovered during the evolution. Lung lesions in COVID-19 pneumonia patients can be absorbed completely during short-term follow-up with no sequelae. Two weeks after discharge might be the optimal time point for early radiological estimation."}, {"pmid": 32424480, "pmcid": "PMC7232610", "title": "Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of the lung reveals multiple areas of microthrombi in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Tee, Alice", "Wong, Adrian", "Yusuf, Gibran Timothy", "Rao, Deepak", "Sidhu, Paul S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424480", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500168, "pmcid": "PMC7272208", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: increased choline uptake with 18F-choline PET/CT.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Olivari, Laura", "Riccardi, Niccolo", "Rodari, Paola", "Angheben, Andrea", "Artioli, Paolo", "Salgarello, Matteo"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500168", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324358, "title": "Essential new informations for the clinical recognition of COVID-19 infection and the prevention possibilities of healthcare personnel working in the head and neck region", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Antal, Mark", "Szabo, Reka Magdolna", "Juhasz, Zoltan", "Vereb, Tamas", "Piffko, Jozsef"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324358", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic probably started in China in 2019 and is influencing the whole healthcare system worldwide. As several healthcare interventions are essential even during pandemics, it is necessary for professionals working in such fields to get up-to-date information about the virus and its aspects that can influence patient care and suggested actions. The current article is a literature review, in which the authors elaborated the recently available scientific articles with their relevancy for clinical interventions as primary factor. The processed articles emphasize that during interventions in the head and neck region, especially when using rotating instruments, it is of utmost importance for all personnel being present at the time of intervention to wear full protection, including disposable medical uniforms, glasses and special masks. These single-use items have to be changed after each intervention and the whole team has to be educated for this process in advance. In order to avoid cross-contamination and infection of personnel during intervention, it is essential to keep all work-safety and infection-control precautions extremely strictly. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 660\u2013666."}, {"pmid": 32501426, "pmcid": "PMC7240254", "title": "Sample sizes for surveillance of S. aureus transmission to monitor effectiveness and provide feedback on intraoperative infection control including for COVID-19.", "journal": "Perioper Care Oper Room Manag", "authors": ["Dexter, Franklin", "Ledolter, Johannes", "Wall, Russell T", "Datta, Subhradeep", "Loftus, Randy W"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501426", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reductions in perioperative surgical site infections are obtained by a multifaceted approach including patient decolonization, hand hygiene, and hub disinfection, and environmental cleaning. Associated surveillance of S. aureus transmission quantifies the effectiveness of the basic measures to prevent the transmission to patients and clinicians of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). To measure transmission, the observational units are pairs of successive surgical cases in the same operating room on the same day. We evaluated appropriate sample sizes and strategies for measuring transmission. There was absence of serial correlation among observed counts of transmitted isolates within each of several periods (all P \u2265.18). Similarly, observing transmission within or between cases of a pair did not increase the probability that the next sampled pair of cases also had observed transmission (all P \u2265.23). Most pairs of cases had no detected transmitted isolates. Also, although transmission (yes/no) was associated with surgical site infection (P =.004), among cases with transmission, there was no detected dose response between counts of transmitted isolates and probability of infection (P =.25). The first of a fixed series of tests is to use the binomial test to compare the proportion of pairs of cases with S. aureus transmission to an acceptable threshold. An appropriate sample size for this screening is N =25 pairs. If significant, more samples are obtained while additional measures are implemented to reduce transmission and infections. Subsequent sampling is done to evaluate effectiveness. The two independent binomial proportions are compared using Boschloo's exact test. The total sample size for the 1st and 2nd stage is N =100 pairs. Because S. aureus transmission is invisible without testing, when choosing what population(s) to screen for surveillance, another endpoint needs to be used (e.g., infections). Only 10/298 combinations of specialty and operating room were relatively common (\u22651.0% of cases) and had expected incidence \u22650.20 infections per 8 hours of sampled cases. The 10 combinations encompassed \u224517% of cases, showing the value of targeting surveillance of transmission to a few combinations of specialties and rooms. In conclusion, we created a sampling protocol and appropriate sample sizes for using S. aureus transmission within and between pairs of successive cases in the same operating room, the purpose being to monitor the quality of prevention of intraoperative spread of pathogenic bacteria and viruses."}, {"pmid": 32160122, "pmcid": "PMC7068761", "title": "All roads lead to coronavirus.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Abbasi, Kamran"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160122", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360053, "pmcid": "PMC7151235", "title": "Characteristics of Endodontic Emergencies during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in Wuhan.", "journal": "J Endod", "authors": ["Yu, Jingjing", "Zhang, Tian", "Zhao, Dan", "Haapasalo, Markus", "Shen, Ya"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360053", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was detected in Wuhan, China. A great percentage of patients with this disease developed symptoms of dry cough, malaise, and a high fever. During this time, several patients requiring assessment and treatment of endodontic emergencies were directed to the School and Hospital of Stomatology at Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. We examined the characteristics of these patients. A total of 96 patients with a mean age of 42.24 \u00b1 18.32 years visited the general and emergency department of the School and Hospital of Stomatology at Wuhan University because of endodontic emergencies during the peak period of February 22 to March 2, 2020. Patient information was collected and organized by date of visit, sex, age, and systemic disease history. Body temperature was measured and acquired for each patient, a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemiologic investigation questionnaire was given to each patient, an endodontic diagnosis was determined for the offending tooth, and a verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) was used to record pain levels. Of the total patient visits during this period, 50.26% of visits were for endodontic treatment. No patients had a fever (>37.2\u00b0C). One patient with a confirmed COVID-19 history was admitted after recovery. Three admitted patients had been exposed to confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients. Twelve admitted patients (12.5%) with a mean age of 62.42 \u00b1 13.77 years had a history of systemic diseases. The most common age group for endodontic emergencies was 45-64 years (30.21%), and patients of this group showed a significantly higher mean VNRS score compared with that of the 6- to 19-year age group and the 20- to 34-year age group (P < .05). The majority of endodontic emergency diagnoses were diseases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (53.10%). Patients who were diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, symptomatic apical periodontitis, and acute apical abscess showed a significantly higher mean VNRS score than that of other groups (P < .05). Endodontic emergencies, with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis being the most common, consist of a much higher proportion of dental emergencies in a COVID-19 high-risk area than normally. Vital pulp therapy can advantageously reduce treatment time, resulting in a reduced risk of infection for vital pulp cases. Rubber dams, personal protective equipment, and patient screening are of great importance during the COVID-19 outbreak in protecting clinicians."}, {"pmid": 32351243, "title": "COVID-19 and endoscopy services in intermediately affected countries: a position statement from the saudi gastroenterology association.", "journal": "Saudi J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Almadi, Majid A", "Aljebreen, Abdulrahman M", "Azzam, Nahla", "Alammar, Nuha", "Aljahdli, Emad S", "Alsohaibani, Fahad I", "Alkhiari, Resheed", "Almasoud, Abdulaziz O", "Al Beshir, Mohammad S", "Alshankiti, Suliman", "Alharbi, Ahmad W", "Alkhathami, Mohammed", "Batwa, Faisal"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351243", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the global pandemic due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there has been a significant strain on healthcare facilities. The infectivity rate, as well as the rate of healthcare workers who have fallen ill to the disease, has raised concerns globally on the proper management of patients as well as the role of safe healthcare provision utilizing personal protective equipment (PPE). Furthermore, the limited supply of PPEs has mandated rationing their use to achieve maximum utility and preservation. Multiple gastroenterology associations have issued guidance and statements that would help healthcare providers in navigating these unprecedented and difficult times, and the Saudi Gastroenterology Association has provided this statement in an effort to bring the most up to date information for the management of endoscopy units in terms of resources, manpower planning, scheduling, as well as infection control policies and leadership."}, {"pmid": 32332062, "title": "Modeling infectious disease dynamics.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cobey, Sarah"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332062", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445713, "pmcid": "PMC7239623", "title": "A future vaccination campaign against COVID-19 at risk of vaccine hesitancy and politicisation.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445713", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32195703, "pmcid": "PMC7155910", "title": "Precautions for Intubating Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Luo, Mengqiang", "Cao, Shumei", "Wei, Liqun", "Tang, Rundong", "Hong, Shu", "Liu, Renyu", "Wang, Yingwei"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195703", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402329, "pmcid": "PMC7195271", "title": "Novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A lesson from animal coronaviruses.", "journal": "Vet Microbiol", "authors": ["Decaro, Nicola", "Lorusso, Alessio"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402329", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic caused by the novel human coronavirus, referrred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), not only is having a great impact on the health care systems and economies in all continents but it is also causing radical changes of common habits and life styles. The novel coronavirus (CoV) recognises, with high probability, a zoonotic origin but the role of animals in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology is still largely unknown. However, CoVs have been known in animals since several decades, so that veterinary coronavirologists have a great expertise on how to face CoV infections in animals, which could represent a model for SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. In the present paper, we provide an up-to-date review of the literature currently available on animal CoVs, focusing on the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the emergence of novel CoV strains with different antigenic, biologic and/or pathogenetic features. A full comprehension of the mechanisms driving the evolution of animal CoVs will help better understand the emergence, spreading, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32297520, "pmcid": "PMC7191632", "title": "Can spironolactone be used to prevent COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with hypertension?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Cadegiani, Flavio A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297520", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531807, "title": "Diabetic foot ulceration in COVID-19 lockdown: cause for concern or unexpected benefit?", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Lipscomb, D", "Smith, A S", "Adamson, S", "Rezazadeh, E M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531807", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 23 March 2020 the United Kingdom went into lockdown to reduce transmission of COVID-19. In order to focus on acute care capacity and maintain social distancing, there was simultaneous widespread change in the depth and breadth of National Health Service (NHS) services and a reduction in preventative care for people with diabetes [1]. We are aware of numerous mainstream media reports of reductions in the numbers of people seeking care for non-COVID emergencies and a reported reduction in referrals for suspected malignancy."}, {"pmid": 32389702, "pmcid": "PMC7204755", "title": "COVID-19-related information sources and psychological well-being: An online survey study in Taiwan.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Ko, Nai-Ying", "Lu, Wei-Hsin", "Chen, Yi-Lung", "Li, Dian-Jeng", "Wang, Peng-Wei", "Hsu, Su-Ting", "Chen, Chang-Chun", "Lin, Yi-Hsuan", "Chang, Yu-Ping", "Yen, Cheng-Fang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389702", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376612, "title": "Shared Ventilation in the Era of COVID-19: A Theoretical Consideration of the Dangers and Potential Solutions.", "journal": "Respir Care", "authors": ["Herrmann, Jacob", "Fonseca da Cruz, Andrea", "Hawley, Monica L", "Branson, Richard D", "Kaczka, David W"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The use of shared ventilation, or the simultaneous support of multiple patients connected in parallel to a single mechanical ventilator, is receiving considerable interest for addressing the severe shortage of mechanical ventilators available during the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). In this paper we highlight the potentially disastrous consequences of na\u00efve shared ventilation, in which patients are simply connected in parallel to a ventilator without any regard to their individual ventilatory requirements. We then examine possible approaches for individualization of mechanical ventilation, using modifications to the breathing circuit that may enable tuning of individual tidal volumes and driving pressures during either volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) or pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). Breathing circuit modifications included a PEEP valve on each expiratory limb for both VCV and PCV, an adjustable constriction and one-way valve on the inspiratory limb for VCV, and a pressure-relief valve for peak inspiratory pressure reduction on the inspiratory limb for PCV. The ability to regulate individual tidal volumes using these breathing circuit modifications was tested both theoretically in computer simulations as well as experimentally in mechanical test lungs. In both the simulations and experimental measurements, na\u00efve shared ventilation resulted in large imbalances across individual tidal volume delivery, dependent on imbalances across patient mechanical properties. The proposed breathing circuit modifications for shared VCV and shared PCV enabled optimization of tidal volume distributions. Individual tidal volume for one patient during shared VCV was sensitive to changes in the mechanical properties of other patients. By contrast, shared PCV enabled independent control of individual patient-received ventilation. Of the shared ventilation strategies considered, shared PCV, with the inclusion of in-line pressure-relief valves in the individual inspiratory and expiratory limbs, offers the greatest degree of safety and lowest risk of catastrophic mechanical interactions between multiple patients connected to a single ventilator."}, {"pmid": 32528770, "pmcid": "PMC7282366", "title": "A Review of Cardiac Complications in Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Singh, Romil", "Kashyap, Rahul", "Hutton, Anneka", "Sharma, Munish", "Surani, Salim"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528770", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has shown an association with acute myocardial injury, cardiomyopathy, and myocarditis. Individuals with myocardial involvement in association with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be at increased risk of developing severe illness.\u00a0Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases of the myocardium associated with mechanical and/or electrical dysfunction that usually exhibit inappropriate ventricular hypertrophy or dilation and are due to a variety of causes that frequently are genetic. It has been primarily divided into three subsets: genetic, mixed, and acquired cardiomyopathy.\u00a0We anticipate that, because of the high inflammatory response, other cardiovascular complications may also occur in COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms. This review explores new information\u00a0as it pertains to COVID-19 and cardiac complications."}, {"pmid": 32127714, "title": "Coronavirus response: a focus on containment is still apt.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127714", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278298, "pmcid": "PMC7129277", "title": "COVID-19 and telemedicine: Immediate action required for maintaining healthcare providers well-being.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Moazzami, Bobak", "Razavi-Khorasani, Niloofar", "Dooghaie Moghadam, Arash", "Farokhi, Ermia", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278298", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The well-being of the health care workforce is the cornerstone of every well-functioning health system. As a result of the pandemic, medical healthcare providers are under an enormous amount of workload pressure along with increased total health expenditures. The overwhelming burden of COVID-19 illness could lead to caregiver burnout. Direct-to-consumer telemedicine can enable patients to connect with their healthcare provider at a distance. This virtual platform could be used by smartphones or webcam-enabled computers and allows physicians to effectively screen patients with early signs of COVID-19 before they reach to hospital."}, {"pmid": 32429172, "title": "How Large Was the Mortality Increase Directly and Indirectly Caused by the COVID-19 Epidemic? An Analysis on All-Causes Mortality Data in Italy.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Magnani, Corrado", "Azzolina, Danila", "Gallo, Elisa", "Ferrante, Daniela", "Gregori, Dario"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429172", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: Overall mortality is a relevant indicator of the population burden during an epidemic. It informs on both undiagnosed cases and on the effects of health system disruption. Methods: We aimed at evaluating the extent of the total death excess during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy. Data from 4433 municipalities providing mortality reports until April 15th, 2020 were included for a total of 34.5 million residents from all Italian regions. Data were analyzed by region, sex and age, and compared to expected from 2015-2019. Results: In both genders, overall mortality was stable until February 2020 and abruptly increased from March 1st onwards. Within the municipalities studied, 77,339 deaths were observed in the period between March 1st to April 15th, 2020, in contrast to the 50,822.6 expected. The rate ratio was 1.11 before age 60 and 1.55 afterwards. Both sexes were affected. The excess was greater in the regions most affected by COVID-19 but always exceeded the deaths attributed to COVID-19. The extrapolation to the total Italian population suggests an excess of 45,033 deaths in the study period, while the number of COVID-19 deaths was 21,046. Conclusion: Our paper shows a large death excess during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy; greater than the number attributed to it. Possible causes included both the undetected cases and the disruption of the Health Service organization. Timely monitoring of overall mortality based on unbiased nationwide data is an essential tool for epidemic control."}, {"pmid": 32304463, "pmcid": "PMC7179054", "title": "COVID-19 putting patients at risk of unplanned extubation and airway providers at increased risk of contamination.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Berkow, Lauren", "Kanowitz, Arthur"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304463", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383149, "pmcid": "PMC7205372", "title": "Stop Doing Needless Things! Saving Healthcare Resources During COVID-19 and Beyond.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Warner, Matthew A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383149", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is putting tremendous strain on the US healthcare system, with a direct impact on medical professionals, hospital systems, and physical resources. While comprehensive public health and regulatory efforts are essential to overcome this crisis, it is important to recognize this moment as an opportunity to provide more intelligent and more efficient care in spite of increasing patient volumes and fewer resources. Specifically, we must limit unnecessary and wasteful medical practices and improve the delivery of those services which enhance the quality of patient care. In doing so, we will increase availability of the critical resources required for the provision of high-quality care to those in greatest need both now and in the future."}, {"pmid": 32346672, "pmcid": "PMC7187860", "title": "False-Negative COVID-19 Testing: Considerations in Obstetrical Care.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Kelly, Jeannie C", "Dombrowksi, Michael", "O'neil-Callahan, Micaela", "Kernberg, Annessa S", "Frolova, Antonina I", "Stout, Molly J"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346672", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32228252, "pmcid": "PMC7191628", "title": "COVID-19, ACE2, and the cardiovascular consequences.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol", "authors": ["South, Andrew M", "Diz, Debra I", "Chappell, Mark C"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228252", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel SARS coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may be particularly deleterious to patients with underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD). The mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 infection is the requisite binding of the virus to the membrane-bound form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and internalization of the complex by the host cell. Recognition that ACE2 is the coreceptor for the coronavirus has prompted new therapeutic approaches to block the enzyme or reduce its expression to prevent the cellular entry and SARS-CoV-2 infection in tissues that express ACE2 including lung, heart, kidney, brain, and gut. ACE2, however, is a key enzymatic component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS); ACE2 degrades ANG II, a peptide with multiple actions that promote CVD, and generates Ang-(1-7), which antagonizes the effects of ANG II. Moreover, experimental evidence suggests that RAAS blockade by ACE inhibitors, ANG II type 1 receptor antagonists, and mineralocorticoid antagonists, as well as statins, enhance ACE2 which, in part, contributes to the benefit of these regimens. In lieu of the fact that many older patients with hypertension or other CVDs are routinely treated with RAAS blockers and statins, new clinical concerns have developed regarding whether these patients are at greater risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, whether RAAS and statin therapy should be discontinued, and the potential consequences of RAAS blockade to COVID-19-related pathologies such as acute and chronic respiratory disease. The current perspective critically examines the evidence for ACE2 regulation by RAAS blockade and statins, the cardiovascular benefits of ACE2, and whether ACE2 blockade is a viable approach to attenuate COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32374457, "pmcid": "PMC7267418", "title": "The anti-HIV drug nelfinavir mesylate (Viracept) is a potent inhibitor of cell fusion caused by the SARSCoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein warranting further evaluation as an antiviral against COVID-19 infections.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Musarrat, Farhana", "Chouljenko, Vladimir", "Dahal, Achyut", "Nabi, Rafiq", "Chouljenko, Tamara", "Jois, Seetharama D", "Kousoulas, Konstantin G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374457", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Coronaviruses enter cells via fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane and/or via fusion of the viral envelope with endosomal membranes after virion endocytosis. The spike (S) glycoprotein is a major determinant of virus infectivity. Herein, we show that the transient expression of the SARS CoV-2 S glycoprotein in Vero cells caused extensive cell fusion (formation of syncytia) in comparison to limited cell fusion caused by the SARS S glycoprotein. Both S glycoproteins were detected intracellularly and on transfected Vero cell surfaces. These results are in agreement with published pathology observations of extensive syncytia formation in lung tissues of patients with COVID-19. These results suggest that SARS CoV-2 is able to spread from cell-to-cell much more efficiently than SARS effectively avoiding extracellular neutralizing antibodies. A systematic screening of several drugs including cardiac glycosides and kinase inhibitors and inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry revealed that only the FDA-approved HIV protease inhibitor, nelfinavir mesylate (Viracept) drastically inhibited S-n- and S-o-mediated cell fusion with complete inhibition at a 10-\u03bcM concentration. In-silico docking experiments suggested the possibility that nelfinavir may bind inside the S trimer structure, proximal to the S2 amino terminus directly inhibiting S-n- and S-o-mediated membrane fusion. Also, it is possible that nelfinavir may act to inhibit S proteolytic processing within cells. These results warrant further investigations of the potential of nelfinavir mesylate to inhibit virus spread at early times after SARS CoV-2 symptoms appear."}, {"pmid": 32495574, "title": "[Clinical efficacy of Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection in treatment of 40 cases of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, Ming-Wei", "Chen, Feng", "Zhu, Ding-Jun", "Li, Jia-Zhu", "Zhu, Jin-Ling", "Zeng, Wei", "Qu, Shi-Lin", "Zhang, Yun"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495574", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we analyzed medical records of 40 patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), in order to explore the clinical efficacy of Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection in the treatment of COVID-19. The investigation was based on the results of a previous animal test, which was aimed to investigate and confirme the clinical efficacy of Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection in the treatment of COVID-19. The animal test demonstrated that Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection has a significant therapeutic effect on the human coronavirus pneumonia for the model mice. The lung inhibition index reached up to 86.86%. The evaluation was conducted on 40 confirmed cases of COVID-19 treated at Jingzhou Hospital of Infectious Disease(Chest Hospital) of Hubei Pro-vince from January 30~(th) to March 21~(th), 2020. In these cases, patients were treated with other integrated Chinese and Western medicines regimens in the recommended Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection diagnosis and treatment regimen. The clinical manifestations, laboratory data, nucleic acid clearance time, and imaging data were compared and analyzed before and after treatment. After administration with Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection, the clinical symptoms of 40 cases were alleviated markedly, and their blood analysis and biochemical indexes returned to normal. The lung CT showed more than 50% of lesion absorption rate, and the viral nucleic acid test showed the average clearance time of patients was 16.6 days, and the average length of hospital stay was 25.9 days. After administration with Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection, the symptoms of cough and fatigue were alleviated significantly, and the appetite was significantly improved compared with before, especially for patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally, laboratory indicators, especially absolute value and ratio of lymphocytes and CRP were significantly alleviated. According to the chest CT for short-term review, the absorption of lung lesions was faster than before, especially for grid-like and fibrotic lesions. Compared with antiviral drugs, such as Abidol and Kriging, the nucleic acid clearance time was significantly shorter than the cases treated with Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection. The clinical effective rate of 40 cases was 100.0%. We believed that Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection have a good clinical effect in the treatment of COVID-19, and suggested increasing the clinical application and further conducting large-sample-size cli-nical verification."}, {"pmid": 32444286, "pmcid": "PMC7236724", "title": "Brain imaging findings in COVID-19: What do we know so far?", "journal": "J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Md Noh, Mohamad Syafeeq Faeez"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444286", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320083, "pmcid": "PMC7264583", "title": "Decontamination of face masks with steam for mask reuse in fighting the pandemic COVID-19: experimental supports.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ma, Qing-Xia", "Shan, Hu", "Zhang, Chuan-Mei", "Zhang, Hong-Liang", "Li, Gui-Mei", "Yang, Rui-Mei", "Chen, Ji-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320083", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has claimed many lives worldwide. Wearing medical masks or N95 masks (namely N95 respirators) can slow the virus spread and reduce the infection risk. Reuse of these masks can minimize waste, protect the environment, and help to solve the current imminent shortage of masks. Disinfection of used masks is needed for reuse of them with safety, but improper decontamination can damage the blocking structure of masks. In this study, we demonstrated, using avian coronavirus of infectious bronchitis virus to mimic SARS-CoV-2, that medical masks and N95 masks remained their blocking efficacy after being steamed on boiling water even for 2 hours. We also demonstrated that three brands of medical masks blocked over 99% viruses in aerosols. The avian coronavirus was completely inactivated after being steamed for 5 minutes. Together, this study suggested that medical masks are adequate for use on most social occasions, and both medical masks and N95 masks can be reused for a few days with steam decontamination between use. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32476324, "title": "COVID-19 and veterinarians for one health, zoonotic- and reverse-zoonotic transmissions.", "journal": "J Vet Sci", "authors": ["Yoo, Han Sang", "Yoo, Dongwan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476324", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus emerged in human populations and spread rapidly to cause the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Although the origin of the associated virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) remains unclear, genetic evidence suggests that bats are a reservoir host of the virus, and pangolins are a probable intermediate. SARS-CoV-2 has crossed the species barrier to infect humans and other animal species, and infected humans can facilitate reverse-zoonotic transmission to animals. Considering the rapidly changing interconnections among people, animals, and ecosystems, traditional roles of veterinarians should evolve to include transdisciplinary roles."}, {"pmid": 32315203, "title": "Lessons learned from COVID-19 epidemic in Iran: The role of medical education.", "journal": "Med Teach", "authors": ["Tabari, Parinaz", "Amini, Mitra", "Moosavi, Mahsa"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315203", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436303, "title": "Covid-19 and exacerbation of psoriasis.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Ozaras, Resat", "Berk, Ahmet", "Ucar, Dilek Hasman", "Duman, Habibe", "Kaya, Fatma", "Mutlu, Huseyin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436303", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32244365, "pmcid": "PMC7231098", "title": "A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Epidemiology Based on Current Evidence.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Park, Minah", "Cook, Alex R", "Lim, Jue Tao", "Sun, Yinxiaohe", "Dickens, Borame L"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244365", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread rapidly across the globe, we aimed to identify and summarize the existing evidence on epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the effectiveness of control measures to inform policymakers and leaders in formulating management guidelines, and to provide directions for future research. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature and preprints on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak following predefined eligibility criteria. Of 317 research articles generated from our initial search on PubMed and preprint archives on 21 February 2020, 41 met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Current evidence suggests that it takes about 3-7 days for the epidemic to double in size. Of 21 estimates for the basic reproduction number ranging from 1.9 to 6.5, 13 were between 2.0 and 3.0. The incubation period was estimated to be 4-6 days, whereas the serial interval was estimated to be 4-8 days. Though the true case fatality risk is yet unknown, current model-based estimates ranged from 0.3% to 1.4% for outside China. There is an urgent need for rigorous research focusing on the mitigation efforts to minimize the impact on society."}, {"pmid": 32321704, "title": "Covid-19: Care home deaths in England and Wales double in four weeks.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321704", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515387, "title": "Radiology of COVID-19 - Imaging the pulmonary damage.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Sohail, Saba"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515387", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A large part of the world is presently in the grip of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus), declared a pandemic in March 2020. This document is a brief commentary of the imaging modalities used in the screening, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 pneumonia. Chest x-rays, especially portable, still form a part of majority of official guidelines, with reports of the suggestive radiologic features. The potential of CT scan and ultrasound is also realised, with earlier detection rate. Typical radiologic findings of bilateral, asymmetrical, crazy-paved ground glass opacification, consolidation, reverse halo sign, opacities, progressing to fibrosis are well described for both the X-ray and CT scan. Atypical findings include airway changes, pleural effusion, pulmonary nodules and acute pulmonary embolism. Absence of lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion and pneumothorax is notable. The role of portable lung ultrasound, reported to be useful in emergency, is yet to be established in the guidelines. Disinfection of the equipment is a major concern. Governmental guidelines still advocate X-ray despite professional societies increasingly recommending CT scan."}, {"pmid": 32427644, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccines: Setting Expectations Appropriately.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Heininger, Ulrich"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427644", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511066, "title": "Effect of Cancer on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Patient Data.", "journal": "JCO Glob Oncol", "authors": ["Giannakoulis, Vassilis G", "Papoutsi, Eleni", "Siempos, Ilias I"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511066", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Whether cancer is associated with worse prognosis among patients with COVID-19 is unknown. We aimed to quantify the effect (if any) of the presence as opposed to absence of cancer on important clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis. We systematically searched PubMed, medRxiv, COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19), and references of relevant articles up to April 27, 2020, to identify observational studies comparing patients with versus without cancer infected with COVID-19 and to report on mortality and/or need for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). We calculated pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs with a random-effects model. The meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020181531). A total of 32 studies involving 46,499 patients (1,776 patients with cancer) with COVID-19 from Asia, Europe, and the United States were included. All-cause mortality was higher in patients with versus those without cancer (2,034 deaths; RR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.07; P < .0001; 8 studies with 37,807 patients). The need for ICU admission was also more likely in patients with versus without cancer (3,220 events; RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.87; P < .0001; 26 studies with 15,375 patients). However, in a prespecified subgroup analysis of patients > 65 years of age, all-cause mortality was comparable between those with versus without cancer (915 deaths; RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.41; P = .71; 8 studies with 5,438 patients). The synthesized evidence suggests that cancer is associated with worse clinical outcomes among patients with COVID-19. However, elderly patients with cancer may not be at increased risk of death when infected with COVID-19. These findings may inform discussions of clinicians with patients about prognosis and may guide health policies."}, {"pmid": 32484418, "title": "Focal Cerebral Arteriopathy in a COVID-19 Pediatric Patient.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Mirzaee, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi", "Goncalves, Fabricio Guimaraes", "Mohammadifard, Mahyar", "Tavakoli, Shirin Mojgan", "Vossough, Arastoo"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484418", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451809, "pmcid": "PMC7247739", "title": "Nothing will ever be as before. Reflections on the COVID-19 epidemics by nephrologists in eleven countries.", "journal": "J Nephrol", "authors": ["Gambaro, Giovanni", "Piccoli, Giorgina B"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451809", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253888, "title": "Coronavirus COV-19/SARS-CoV-2 affects women less than men: clinical response to viral infection.", "journal": "J Biol Regul Homeost Agents", "authors": ["Conti, P", "Younes, A"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253888", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "CoV-19/SARS-CoV-2 is a highly pathogenic virus that causes coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) an acute respiratory distress syndrome which provokes serious problems for global health. Studies suggest that there are many differences between men and women in the immune response to CoV-19 infection and inflammatory diseases. Women, compared to men, are less susceptible to viral infections based on a different innate immunity, steroid hormones and factors related to sex chromosomes. The presence of two X chromosomes in women emphasize the immune system even if one is inactive. The immune regulatory genes encoded by X chromosome in female gender causes lower viral load levels, and less inflammation than in man, while CD4+ T cells are higher with better immune response. In addition, women generally produce higher levels of antibodies which remain in the circulation longer. The levels of activation of the immune cells are higher in women than in men, and it is correlated with the trigger of TLR7 and the production of IFN. TLR7 is higher in women than in men and its biallelic expression leads to higher immune responses and increases the resistance to viral infections. TLR7 is expressed in innate immune cells which recognizes single strand RNA virus by promoting the production of antibodies against the virus and the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and IL-1 family members. Moreover, in women the production of inflammatory IL-6 after viral infection is lower than in males and is often correlated with a better longevity. In addition, on the X chromosome there are loci that code for the genes involved in the regulation of immune cells such as FOXP3, and transcription factor for Treg involved in virus pathogenesis. The X chromosome influences the immune system by acting on many other proteins, including TLR8, CD40L and CXCR3 which can be over-expressed in women, and influence the response to viral infections and vaccinations. However, the biallelic expression of the X-linked genes can promote harmful autoimmune and inflammatory responses. Cardiovascular diseases are more frequent in males and subjects without cardiovascular dysfunctions infected by CoV-19 have a better prognosis, but these effects are still under study. It is hoped that certain drugs, such as CoV-19 receptor blockers, anti-inflammatories (against rheumatic diseases), monoclonal antibodies, anti-IL-1 and anti-IL-6, the remdesevir drug (analogue adenosine, effective against ebola), hydroxychloroquine (for the treatment of malaria) and vaccines, will open up new strategies and new therapeutic ways to combat this terrible virus."}, {"pmid": 32301964, "pmcid": "PMC7184465", "title": "The characteristics of household transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Wei", "Zhang, Bo", "Lu, Jianhua", "Liu, Shihua", "Chang, Zhiqiang", "Cao, Peng", "Liu, Xinhua", "Zhang, Peng", "Ling, Yan", "Tao, Kaixiong", "Chen, Jianying"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301964", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 virus has extended to most parts of China with more than 80 thousand cases and to at least 100 countries with more than 60 thousand international cases by March 15, 2020. Here we applied household cohort study to determine the features of household transmission of COVID-19. Total 105 index patients and 392 household contacts were enrolled. Both index patients and household members were inspected by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. The information of all recruited people was extracted from medical records and confirmed or supplemented by telephone interviews. The baseline characteristics of index cases and contact patients were described. Secondary attack rates of SARS-CoV-2 to the contact members were computed and the risk factors for transmission within household were estimated. Secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 developed in 64 of 392 household contacts (16.3%). The secondary attack rate to children was 4% comparing with 17.1% to adults. The secondary attack rate to the contacts within the households with index patients quarantined by themselves since onset of symptoms was 0% comparing with 16.9% to the contacts without index patients quarantined. The secondary attack rate to contacts who were spouses of index cases was 27.8% comparing with 17.3% to other adult members in the households. The secondary attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in household is 16.3%. Ages of household contacts and spouse relationship with index case are risk factors for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within household. Quarantine of index patients at home since onset of symptom is useful to prevent the transmission of SARS-Co-2 within household."}, {"pmid": 32222164, "pmcid": "PMC7195153", "title": "CT screening for early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Huang, Yongshun", "Cheng, Weibin", "Zhao, Na", "Qu, Hongying", "Tian, Junzhang"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222164", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398504, "pmcid": "PMC7253041", "title": "Adapting to Uncertainty: Nursing Responsiveness to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Nurs", "authors": ["Wierenga, Kelly L", "Moore, Scott Emory"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398504", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419766, "pmcid": "PMC7224670", "title": "Assessing Differential Impacts of COVID-19 on Black Communities.", "journal": "Ann Epidemiol", "authors": ["Millett, Gregorio A", "Jones, Austin T", "Benkeser, David", "Baral, Stefan", "Mercer, Laina", "Beyrer, Chris", "Honermann, Brian", "Lankiewicz, Elise", "Mena, Leandro", "Crowley, Jeffrey S", "Sherwood, Jennifer", "Sullivan, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419766", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given incomplete data reporting by race, we used data on COVID-19 cases and deaths in US counties to describe racial disparities in COVID-19 disease and death and associated determinants. Using publicly available data (accessed April 13, 2020), predictors of COVID-19 cases and deaths were compared between disproportionately (>13%) black and all other (<13% black) counties. Rate ratios were calculated and population attributable fractions (PAF) were estimated using COVID-19 cases and deaths via zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. National maps with county-level data and an interactive scatterplot of COVID-19 cases were generated. Nearly ninety-seven percent of disproportionately black counties (656/677) reported a case and 49% (330/677) reported a death versus 81% (1987/2,465) and 28% (684/ 2465), respectively, for all other counties. Counties with higher proportions of black people have higher prevalence of comorbidities and greater air pollution. Counties with higher proportions of black residents had more COVID-19 diagnoses (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17-1.33) and deaths (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.00-1.40), after adjusting for county-level characteristics such as age, poverty, comorbidities, and epidemic duration. COVID-19 deaths were higher in disproportionally black rural and small metro counties. The PAF of COVID-19 diagnosis due to lack of health insurance was 3.3% for counties with <13% black residents and 4.2% for counties with >13% black residents. Nearly twenty-two percent of US counties are disproportionately black and they accounted for 52% of COVID-19 diagnoses and 58% of COVID-19 deaths nationally. County-level comparisons can both inform COVID-19 responses and identify epidemic hot spots. Social conditions, structural racism, and other factors elevate risk for COVID-19 diagnoses and deaths in black communities."}, {"pmid": 32239511, "pmcid": "PMC7228392", "title": "Sore throat in COVID-19: Comment on \"Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A single arm meta-analysis\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lovato, Andrea", "Rossettini, Giacomo", "de Filippis, Cosimo"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239511", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301632, "title": "Reply to \"CT Is Not a Screening Tool for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia\".", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Lin, Yueli", "Zhao, Wei", "Liu, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301632", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364257, "pmcid": "PMC7267587", "title": "Surgeons' response to COVID-19 - Preparing from the sideline.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Balakumar, C", "Montauban, P", "Rait, J", "Iqbal, S", "Burr, T", "Taleb, K", "Featherstone, B", "Zarsadias, P", "Fernandes, R", "Basnyat, P", "Shah, A"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364257", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451613, "pmcid": "PMC7246221", "title": "Quantitative evaluation of olfactory dysfunction in hospitalized patients with Coronavirus [2] (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Tsivgoulis, Georgios", "Fragkou, Paraskevi C", "Delides, Alexander", "Karofylakis, Emmanouil", "Dimopoulou, Dimitra", "Sfikakis, Petros P", "Tsiodras, Sotirios"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451613", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355547, "pmcid": "PMC7191162", "title": "Trends and prediction in daily incidence of novel coronavirus infection in China, Hubei Province and Wuhan City: an application of Farr's law.", "journal": "Am J Transl Res", "authors": ["Xu, Jie", "Cheng, Yajiao", "Yuan, Xiaoling", "Li, Wei Vivian", "Zhang, Lanjing"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355547", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has infected tens of thousands of patients in China. Studies have forecasted future trends of the incidence of 2019-nCoV infection, but appeared unsuccessful. Farr's law is a classic epidemiology theory/practice for predicting epidemics. Therefore, we used and validated a model based on Farr's law to predict the daily-incidence of 2019-nCoV infection in China and 2 regions of high-incidence. We extracted the 2019-nCoV incidence data of China, Hubei Province and Wuhan City from websites of the Chinese and Hubei health commissions. A model based on Farr's law was developed using the data available on Feb. 8, 2020, and used to predict daily-incidence of 2019-nCoV infection in China, Hubei Province and Wuhan City afterward. We observed 50,995 (37,001 on or before Feb. 8) incident cases in China from January 16 to February 15, 2020. The daily-incidence has peaked in China, Hubei Providence and Wuhan City, but with different downward slopes. If no major changes occur, our model shows that the daily-incidence of 2019-nCoV will drop to single-digit by February 25 for China and Hubei Province, but by March 8 for Wuhan city. However, predicted 75% confidence intervals of daily-incidence in all 3 regions of interest had an upward trend. The predicted trends overall match the prospectively-collected data, confirming usefulness of these models. This study shows the daily-incidence of 2019-nCoV in China, Hubei Province and Wuhan City has reached the peak and was decreasing. However, there is a possibility of upward trend."}, {"pmid": 32484958, "title": "Clearance and Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Carmo, Analia", "Pereira-Vaz, Joao", "Mota, Vanda", "Mendes, Alexandra", "Morais, Celia", "da Silva, Andreia Coelho", "Camilo, Elisabete", "Pinto, Catarina Silva", "Cunha, Elizabete", "Pereira, Janet", "Coucelo, Margarida", "Martinho, Patricia", "Correia, Lurdes", "Marques, Gilberto", "Araujo, Lucilia", "Rodrigues, Fernando"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484958", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 patients may be discharged based on clinical resolution of symptoms, and evidence for viral RNA clearance from the upper respiratory tract. Understanding the SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance profile is crucial to establish a re-testing plan on discharge and ending isolation of patients. We aimed to evaluate the number of days that a patient needed to achieve undetectable levels of SARS-CoV-2 in upper respiratory tract specimens (nasopharyngeal swab and/or an oropharyngeal swab). The clearance and persistence of viral RNA was evaluated in two groups of positive patients: those who achieved two negative RT-PCR tests and those who kept testing positive. Patients were organized thereafter in two subgroups, mild illness patients discharged home and inpatients who had moderate to severe illness. Results from RT-PCR tests were then correlated with results from the evaluation of the immune response. The study evidenced that most patients tested positive for more than two weeks and that persistence of viral RNA is not necessarily associated with severe disease but may result from a weaker immune response instead. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32407301, "title": "Public Health Response to COVID-19 Cases in Correctional and Detention Facilities - Louisiana, March-April 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Wallace, Megan", "Marlow, Mariel", "Simonson, Sean", "Walker, Marceia", "Christophe, Natalie", "Dominguez, Olivia", "Kleamenakis, Lauren", "Orellana, Angie", "Pagan-Pena, Doriselys", "Singh, Calandre", "Pogue, Michele", "Saucier, Leslie", "Lo, Terrence", "Benson, Kelsey", "Sokol, Theresa"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407301", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Correctional and detention facilities face unique challenges in the control of infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1-3). Among >10 million annual admissions to U.S. jails, approximately 55% of detainees are released back into their communities each week (4); in addition, staff members at correctional and detention facilities are members of their local communities. Thus, high rates of COVID-19 in correctional and detention facilities also have the potential to influence broader community transmission. In March 2020, the Louisiana Department of Health (LDH) began implementing surveillance for COVID-19 among correctional and detention facilities in Louisiana and identified cases and outbreaks in many facilities. In response, LDH and CDC developed and deployed the COVID-19 Management Assessment and Response (CMAR) tool to guide technical assistance focused on infection prevention and control policies and case management with correctional and detention facilities. This report describes COVID-19 prevalence in correctional and detention facilities detected through surveillance and findings of the CMAR assessment. During March 25-April 22, 489 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, including 37 (7.6%) hospitalizations and 10 (2.0%) deaths among incarcerated or detained persons, and 253 cases, including 19 (7.5%) hospitalizations and four (1.6%) deaths among staff members were reported. During April 8-22, CMAR telephone-based assessments were conducted with 13 of 31 (42%) facilities with laboratory-confirmed cases and 11 of 113 (10%) facilities without known cases. Administrators had awareness and overall understanding of CDC guidance for prevention of transmission in these facilities but reported challenges in implementation, related to limited space to quarantine close contacts of COVID-19 patients and inability of incarcerated and detained persons to engage in social distancing, particularly in dormitory-style housing. CMAR was a useful tool that helped state and federal public health officials assist multiple correctional and detention facilities to better manage COVID-19 patients and guide control activities to prevent or mitigate transmission."}, {"pmid": 32239590, "pmcid": "PMC7228272", "title": "Clinical findings in a patient with haemophilia A affected by COVID-19.", "journal": "Haemophilia", "authors": ["Cui, Dongyan", "Zhang, Ai", "Liu, Aiguo", "Hu, Qun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239590", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505075, "pmcid": "PMC7263226", "title": "Fighting against frailty and sarcopenia - As well as COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Ekiz, Timur", "Kara, Murat", "Ozcakar, Levent"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505075", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32075877, "pmcid": "PMC7164637", "title": "Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Wrapp, Daniel", "Wang, Nianshuang", "Corbett, Kizzmekia S", "Goldsmith, Jory A", "Hsieh, Ching-Lin", "Abiona, Olubukola", "Graham, Barney S", "McLellan, Jason S"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32075877", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) represents a pandemic threat that has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. The CoV spike (S) glycoprotein is a key target for vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, and diagnostics. To facilitate medical countermeasure development, we determined a 3.5-angstrom-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the 2019-nCoV S trimer in the prefusion conformation. The predominant state of the trimer has one of the three receptor-binding domains (RBDs) rotated up in a receptor-accessible conformation. We also provide biophysical and structural evidence that the 2019-nCoV S protein binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) with higher affinity than does severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV S. Additionally, we tested several published SARS-CoV RBD-specific monoclonal antibodies and found that they do not have appreciable binding to 2019-nCoV S, suggesting that antibody cross-reactivity may be limited between the two RBDs. The structure of 2019-nCoV S should enable the rapid development and evaluation of medical countermeasures to address the ongoing public health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32417802, "title": "The changing landscape of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for the maternal-infant dyad.", "journal": "J Neonatal Perinatal Med", "authors": ["Elgin, T G", "Fricke, E M", "Hernandez Reyes, M E", "Tsimis, M E", "Leslein, N S", "Thomas, B A", "Sato, T S", "McNamara, P J"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417802", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic represents the greatest challenge to date faced by the medical community in the 21st century. The rate of rapid dissemination, magnitude of viral contagiousness, person to person transmission at an asymptomatic phase of illness pose a unique and dangerous challenge for all patients, including neonatal and obstetric patients. Although scientific understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, nature of transmission, and efficacy of mitigation strategies grow, neither a cure or vaccine have been developed. While COVID-19 is primarily a disease of older patients, infection is now seen across all age demographics with reports of illness in pregnant patients and infants. Altered hormone status and predominance of Th-2 immune helper cells may result in increased predisposition to SARS-CoV-2. Case reports of pregnant patients demonstrate a clinical presentation comparable to non-pregnant adults, but evidence of vertical transmission to the fetus is controversial. Neonatal reports demonstrate an inconsistent and non-specific phenotype, and it is often difficult to separate COVID-19 from the underlying conditions of prematurity or bacterial infection. The development of international registries to enable risk profiling of COVID-19 positive pregnant mothers and/or their offspring may facilitate the development of enhanced mitigation strategies, medical treatments and effective vaccinations."}, {"pmid": 32379918, "pmcid": "PMC7267637", "title": "Coagulopathy of COVID-19 and antiphospholipid antibodies.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Connell, Nathan T", "Battinelli, Elisabeth M", "Connors, Jean M"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379918", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533668, "title": "Hospital pharmacist experience in a multidisciplinary team in special care settings.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Santolaya-Perrin, Rosario", "Garcia-Martin, Angeles", "Carrero-Fernandez, Ana", "Torres-Santos-Olmo, Rosario"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533668", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is placing huge strain on health systems and\u00a0professionals. Emergency departments and their pharmacy services have\u00a0been the first to face this challenge before any other pharmacy units. This\u00a0article provides a description of the experience of two public hospitals\u00a0 located\u00a0in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain.\u00a0Team working and\u00a0 reciprocal trust have made it possible to meet the unprecedented\u00a0demand for\u00a0 health services and has facilitated rapid decision\u00a0making. Strategies have been\u00a0 developed to guarantee the availability, distribution\u00a0and safe use of medications. Other strategies have included favoring\u00a0communication within Emergency\u00a0 Departments pharmacy services, and\u00a0between these services and Emergency\u00a0 Departments during the pandemic.\u00a0Multidisciplinary cooperation and information\u00a0 sharing have traditionally\u00a0formed the base for efficient and quality work, along\u00a0 with solid\u00a0technologies that guarantee a safe use of medications. The crucial role of\u00a0information and communication technologies during the pandemic may\u00a0give\u00a0 rise to a new model of pharmaceutical care, which should not replace\u00a0face-to- face Emergency Department pharmacist support and advice.\u00a0Promoting the re- humanization of healthcare and pharmacy services is\u00a0essential. An adequate\u00a0 technical\u00a0training and the development of abilities\u00a0such as flexibility, planning\u00a0 and coordination skills, and an assertive communication and management of\u00a0 emotions will be key to the successful management of unimaginable settings in\u00a0 the future."}, {"pmid": 32450148, "pmcid": "PMC7244410", "title": "Positive FIT or Cologuard in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Mago, Sheena", "Young, Patrick E", "Tadros, Micheal"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367418, "pmcid": "PMC7197364", "title": "Imaging features and evolution on CT in 100 COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Zhou, Shuchang", "Zhu, Tingting", "Wang, Yujing", "Xia, LiMing"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367418", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate CT images of 100 confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients to describe the lesion distribution, CT signs, and evolution during different courses. A retrospective study of 100 COVID-19 pneumonia patients without ARDS was performed, and CT scans were reviewed. A COVID-19 pneumonia course diagram was drawn. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the lesion distribution and CT scores, \u03c72 test was used to compare the CT findings between different stages. A total of 272 CT scans from 100 patients (mean age, 52.3\u00a0years\u2009\u00b1\u200913.1) were investigated. Four patients with lung abnormalities on CT first showed negative RT-PCR result and turned positive afterwards. One hundred sixty-nine (62.1%) showed predominantly peripheral distribution. The CT scores of the upper zone (3.4\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6) were significantly lower than those of the middle (5.0\u2009\u00b1\u20093.9) and lower (4.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6) zones (p\u00a0<\u20090.001). The CT scores of the anterior zones (4.9\u2009\u00b1\u20094.7) were significantly lower than those of the posterior zones (8.4\u2009\u00b1\u20096.2) (p\u00a0<\u20090.001). In the early rapid progressive stage (1~7\u00a0days), ground glass opacity (GGO) plus reticular pattern (58.1%), GGO plus consolidation (43.0%), and GGO (41.9%) were all common. In the advanced stage (8~14\u00a0days), GGO plus consolidation (79.8%) and repairing CT signs (subpleural line, bronchus distortion, and fibrotic strips) showed a significant increase (p\u00a0<\u20090.05). In the absorption stage, GGO plus consolidation (9.1%) sharply decreased (p\u00a0<\u20090.05). CT imaging of COVID-19 pneumonia showed a predominantly peripheral, middle and lower, and posterior distribution. The early rapid progressive stage is 1~7\u00a0days from symptom onset, the advanced stage with peak levels of abnormalities on CT is 8~14\u00a0days, and the abnormalities started to improve after 14\u00a0days. \u2022 The course of COVID-19 pneumonia consists of three stages: 1~7\u00a0days is the early rapid progressive stage, 8~14\u00a0days is the advanced stage, and after 14\u00a0days, the abnormalities started to decrease. \u2022 In the early rapid progressive stage, GGO plus a reticular pattern, GGO plus consolidation, and GGO were all common signs; in the advanced stage, signs of progression and absorption coexisted; lung abnormalities showed an asynchronous process with parts with absorption and parts progressing. \u2022 Lung abnormalities mainly showed predominantly peripheral, middle, and lower distribution."}, {"pmid": 32436017, "pmcid": "PMC7239351", "title": "Surgical resection for liver cancer during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Triki, Haitham", "Jeddou, Heithem", "Boudjema, Karim"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436017", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368737, "pmcid": "PMC7193140", "title": "Preventing COVID-19-induced pneumonia with anticytokine therapy.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Monteleone, Giovanni", "Sarzi-Puttini, Pier Carlo", "Ardizzone, Sandro"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368737", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384180, "pmcid": "PMC7273083", "title": "Clinical and histological characterization of vesicular COVID-19 rashes: A prospective study in a tertiary care hospital.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Fernandez-Nieto, D", "Ortega-Quijano, D", "Jimenez-Cauhe, J", "Burgos-Blasco, P", "de Perosanz-Lobo, D", "Suarez-Valle, A", "Cortes-Cuevas, J L", "Carretero, I", "Garcia Del Real, C M", "Fernandez-Guarino, M"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384180", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Vesicular skin rashes have been associated to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), but there is little information about this cutaneous manifestation. We designed a prospective observational study of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and vesicular lesions. Clinical characterization of skin findings was conducted by dermatologists. When possible, histological analysis and detection of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the content of the vesicles was performed. A total of 24 patients were included. A disseminated pattern was found in 18 patients (75%), and a localized pattern was found in 6 patients (25%). The median duration of the skin rash was of 10 days. Out of all, 19 patients (79.2%) presented the skin rash after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Histologic examination in two patients was consistent with viral infection, SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in four patients. This monocentric study shows the clinical characteristics of vesicular skin rashes in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32344457, "pmcid": "PMC7267237", "title": "Uncertainties on the prognostic value of D-dimers in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Gris, Jean-Christophe", "Quere, Isabelle", "Perez-Martin, Antonia", "Lefrant, Jean-Yves", "Sotto, Albert"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344457", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291154, "pmcid": "PMC7151276", "title": "Social media and telemedicine for oral diagnosis and counselling in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Machado, Renato Assis", "de Souza, Natalia Lins", "Oliveira, Rayane Maria", "Martelli Junior, Hercilio", "Bonan, Paulo Rogerio Ferreti"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291154", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387456, "pmcid": "PMC7202813", "title": "Androgen-deprivation therapies for prostate cancer and risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2: a population-based study (N = 4532).", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Montopoli, M", "Zumerle, S", "Vettor, R", "Rugge, M", "Zorzi, M", "Catapano, C V", "Carbone, G M", "Cavalli, A", "Pagano, F", "Ragazzi, E", "Prayer-Galetti, T", "Alimonti, A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387456", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) depends on binding of the viral spike (S) proteins to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and on S protein priming by TMPRSS2. Inhibition of TMPRSS2 may work to block or decrease the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Intriguingly, TMPRSS2 is an androgen-regulated gene that is up-regulated in prostate cancer where it supports tumor progression and is involved in a frequent genetic translocation with the ERG gene. First- or second-generation androgen-deprivation therapies (ADTs) decrease the levels of TMPRSS2. Here we put forward the hypothesis that ADTs may protect patients affected by prostate cancer from SARS-CoV-2 infections. We extracted data regarding 9280 patients (4532 males) with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from 68 hospitals in Veneto, one of the Italian regions that was most affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The parameters used for each COVID-19-positive patient were sex, hospitalization, admission to intensive care unit, death, tumor diagnosis, prostate cancer diagnosis, and ADT. There were 9280 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients in the Veneto on 1 April 2020. Overall, males developed more severe complications, were more frequently hospitalized, and had a worse clinical outcome than females. Considering only the Veneto male population (2.4 million men), 0.2% and 0.3% of non-cancer and cancer patients, respectively, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Comparing the total number of SARS-CoV-2-positive cases, prostate cancer patients receiving ADT had a significantly lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with patients who did not receive ADT (OR 4.05; 95% CI 1.55-10.59). A greater difference was found comparing prostate cancer patients receiving ADT with patients with any other type of cancer (OR 4.86; 95% CI 1.88-12.56). Our data suggest that cancer patients have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections compared with non-cancer patients. However, prostate cancer patients receiving ADT appear to be partially protected from SARS-CoV-2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32491104, "pmcid": "PMC7269524", "title": "Clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for a critical case of novel coronavirus pneumonia treated with glucocorticoids and non-invasive ventilator treatment.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Zhu, Juanjuan", "Zhou, Wei", "Zhou, Mingyu", "Liu, Yang", "Yang, Jing", "Li, Haiyang", "Zhao, Xueke"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491104", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) outbreak occurred in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. Here, we report the clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for a case of severe NCP. The patient was started on glucocorticoids and non-invasive ventilator treatment. After treatment, the patient's symptoms improved, and the status was confirmed as NCP negative. Our results may provide clues for the treatment of NCP."}, {"pmid": 32447034, "pmcid": "PMC7242183", "title": "The simulation-CT: Radiotherapy's useful tool in the race against COVID-19 pandemic. A serendipity approach.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Vitullo, Angelo", "De Santis, Maria Carmen", "Marchiano, Alfonso", "Valdagni, Riccardo", "Lozza, Laura"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447034", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454157, "pmcid": "PMC7245231", "title": "Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and anti-viral activities: A novel therapeutic target for COVID-19.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Banerjee, Aditi", "Czinn, Steven J", "Reiter, Russel J", "Blanchard, Thomas G"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454157", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by 2019-nCov/SARS-CoV-2 has become a pandemic with an urgent need for understanding the mechanisms and identifying a treatment. Viral infections including SARS-CoV are associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species, disturbances of Ca++ caused by unfolded protein response (UPR) mediated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and is due to the exploitation of virus's own protein i.e., viroporins into the host cells. Several clinical trials are on-going including testing Remdesivir (anti-viral), Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine derivatives (anti-malarial drugs) etc. Unfortunately, each drug has specific limitations. Herein, we review the viral protein involvement to activate ER stress transducers (IRE-1, PERK, ATF-6) and their downstream signals; and evaluate combination therapies for COVID-19 mediated ER stress alterations. Melatonin is an immunoregulator, anti-pyretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and ER stress modulator during viral infections. It enhances protective mechanisms for respiratory tract disorders. Andrographolide, isolated from Andrographis paniculata, has versatile biological activities including immunomodulation and determining SARS-CoV-2 binding site. Considering the properties of both compounds in terms of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-pyrogenic, anti-viral and ER stress modulation and computational approaches revealing andrographolide docks with the SARS-CoV2 binding site, we predict that this combination therapy may have potential utility against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32467432, "title": "Fitting Community-Centered Population Health (CCPH) Into the Existing Health Care Delivery Patchwork: The Politics of CCPH.", "journal": "J Ambul Care Manage", "authors": ["Goldfield, Norbert"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467432", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 crisis has nakedly exposed the problems and huge holes in the health care system of the United States. For today, we need to address the current pandemic from the point of view of both control and suppression. But such efforts could also provide insights into a post-pandemic restructuring of health care. If one or several states succeed in addressing the COVID pandemic together with an associated modest economic resurgence, citizens could develop the trust in state leadership necessary to finally make fundamental changes in our health care system. Such change is a once in a century opportunity."}, {"pmid": 32415905, "pmcid": "PMC7267089", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 in renal transplant recipients: report of two cases.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cheng, D R", "Wen, J Q", "Liu, Z Z", "Lv, T F", "Chen, J S"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415905", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a pandemic worldwide. The data about COVID-19 in renal transplant recipient is deficiency. Herein we report two COVID-19 cases in renal transplant recipients. Both cases were discharged following a treatment regimen including discontinued immunosuppressant and low-dose methylprednisolone-based therapy. There were no signs of rejection during the treatment. These successfully treated cases can provide helpful information about the management of COVID-19 in renal transplant recipients."}, {"pmid": 32346470, "pmcid": "PMC7176477", "title": "The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of urgent surgery: a perspective from the USA.", "journal": "J Surg Case Rep", "authors": ["Cheeyandira, Abhiman"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346470", "countries": ["United States", "Italy", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus pandemic has affected all the 50 states in the USA. States such as NY, CA and WA being the most affected. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website, as of 28 March 2020, the total number of cases in the USA is over 103 300 and number of deaths to 1668. In the coming weeks, COVID-19 rates are expected to begin skyrocketing and hit a peak in late April/May/June given lessons learned from China, Italy and others. COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) as confirmed cases approach 575 444 patients with 26 654 deaths across over 160 countries, as of 28 March 2020. There is a lot of impact on management of the urgent and emergent cases. This article highlights the changes that are being made in delivering urgent and emergent surgical care during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32362061, "pmcid": "PMC7267436", "title": "Dupilumab and COVID-19: What should we expect?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Patruno, Cataldo", "Stingeni, Luca", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Hansel, Katharina", "Napolitano, Maddalena"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362061", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with high morbidity and mortality. There are very limited data on the interference of immunomodulating drugs on the risk of infection and on the course of the disease. In particular, there are no current clinical data about the interference exerted by dupilumab, a biologic drugs blocking IL-4 and IL-13, used for adult atopic dermatitis. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is complex, characterized by an immune response mainly Th1/Th17. The hyper-activation of these cells may cause the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that may result in lung impairment. IL-4 and IL-13 are Th2 cytokines, thus being part of a pathway not considered implicated in host defense mechanism against viral infections. Indeed, viral infections, including respiratory infections, have not been reported as a significant adverse event in clinical trials. Furthermore, dupilumab has been proved to be efficacious also in exacerbations of asthma, and it is known that viral infections can worsen asthma. Therefore, the current data seem to suggest that treatment with dupilumab should not be stopped during COVID-19 pandemic. Obviously, a careful assessment is mandatory for each individual patient and further studies are necessary to characterize the immunologic responses in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32393136, "title": "COVID-19 and the Cerebro-Cardiovascular Systems: What do we Know so Far?", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Larson, Anthony S", "Savastano, Luis", "Kadirvel, Ramanathan", "Kallmes, David F", "Hassan, Ameer E", "Brinjikji, Waleed"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393136", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic of 2019-2020 has resulted in multiple hospitalizations, deaths and economic hardships worldwide. Though respiratory involvement in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is well-known, the potential cardiovascular and cerebrovascular manifestations are less-understood. We performed a PubMed and Google Scholar search and reviewed relevant literature regarding COVID-19 and cardiovascular system involvement. SARS-CoV-2 possesses high-affinity for angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is highly concentrated in the lungs and cardiovascular tissue, thereby provoking concern for cardiovascular involvement in COVID-19 cases. Pre-existing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease has been shown in previous reports to be a risk-factor for severe infection. Based on our review of published studies, COVID-19 patients may be more likely to experience acute cardiac injury, arrhythmia, coagulation defects and acute stroke and are likely to have poorer outcomes as a result. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, more data regarding potential cardiovascular and cerebrovascular manifestations of the disease is required."}, {"pmid": 32452889, "pmcid": "PMC7255399", "title": "Implications of Obesity for the Management of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Lemyze, Malcolm", "Courageux, Nathan", "Maladobry, Thomas", "Arumadura, Clothilde", "Pauquet, Philippe", "Orfi, Annis", "Komorowski, Matthieu", "Mallat, Jihad", "Granier, Maxime"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452889", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate patients' characteristics, management, and outcomes in the critically ill population admitted to the ICU for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia causing an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Retrospective case-control study. A 34-bed ICU of a tertiary hospital. The first 44 coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients were compared with a historical control group of 39 consecutive acute respiratory distress syndrome patients admitted to the ICU just before the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis. None. Obesity was the most frequent comorbidity exhibited by coronavirus disease 2019 patients (n = 32, 73% vs n = 11, 28% in controls; p < 0.001). Despite the same severity of illness and level of hypoxemia at admission, coronavirus disease 2019 patients failed more high flow oxygen via nasal cannula challenges (n = 16, 100% vs n = 5, 45% in controls; p = 0.002), were more often intubated (n = 44, 100% vs n = 22, 56% in controls; p < 0.001) and paralyzed (n = 34, 77% vs n = 3, 14% in controls; p < 0.001), required higher level of positive end-expiratory pressure (15 vs 8\u2009cm H2O in controls; p < 0.001), more prone positioning (n = 33, 75% vs n = 6, 27% in controls; p < 0.001), more dialysis (n = 16, 36% vs n = 3, 8% in controls; p = 0.003), more hemodynamic support by vasopressors (n = 36, 82% vs n = 22, 56% in controls; p = 0.001), and had more often a prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation (n = 28, 64% vs n = 10, 26% in controls; p < 0.01) resulting in a more frequent resort to tracheostomy (n = 18, 40.9% vs n = 2, 9% in controls; p = 0.01). However, an intensive management requiring more staff per patient for positioning coronavirus disease 2019 subjects (6 [5-7] vs 5 [4-5] in controls; p < 0.001) yielded the same ICU survival rate in the two groups (n = 34, 77% vs n = 29, 74% in controls; p = 0.23). In its most severe form, coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia striked preferentially the vulnerable obese population, evolved toward a multiple organ failure, required prolonged mechanical ventilatory support, and resulted in a high workload for the caregivers."}, {"pmid": 32285448, "title": "The proportion of patients with thrombocytopenia in three human-susceptible coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Zhou, Meng", "Qi, Jiaqian", "Li, Xueqian", "Zhang, Ziyan", "Yao, Yifang", "Wu, Depei", "Han, Yue"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285448", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430631, "pmcid": "PMC7235975", "title": "Acute myocardial infarction due to coronary stent thrombosis in a symptomatic COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Clin Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Hinterseer, Martin", "Zens, Martin", "Wimmer, Roland Jean", "Delladio, Simon", "Lederle, Susanne", "Kupatt, Christian", "Hartmann, Bernd"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430631", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32180173, "pmcid": "PMC7090453", "title": "Lidocaine during intubation and extubation in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Aminnejad, Reza", "Salimi, Alireza", "Saeidi, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32180173", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318328, "pmcid": "PMC7169934", "title": "D3Targets-2019-nCoV: a webserver for predicting drug targets and for multi-target and multi-site based virtual screening against COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Pharm Sin B", "authors": ["Shi, Yulong", "Zhang, Xinben", "Mu, Kaijie", "Peng, Cheng", "Zhu, Zhengdan", "Wang, Xiaoyu", "Yang, Yanqing", "Xu, Zhijian", "Zhu, Weiliang"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318328", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A highly effective medicine is urgently required to cure coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). For the purpose, we developed a molecular docking based webserver, namely D3Targets-2019-nCoV, with two functions, one is for predicting drug targets for drugs or active compounds observed from clinic or in vitro/in vivo studies, the other is for identifying lead compounds against potential drug targets via docking. This server has its unique features, (1) the potential target proteins and their different conformations involving in the whole process from virus infection to replication and release were included as many as possible; (2) all the potential ligand-binding sites with volume larger than 200 \u00c53 on a protein structure were identified for docking; (3) correlation information among some conformations or binding sites was annotated; (4) it is easily to be updated, and is accessible freely to public (https://www.d3pharma.com/D3Targets-2019-nCoV/index.php). Currently, the webserver contains 42 proteins [20 severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) encoded proteins and 22 human proteins involved in virus infection, replication and release] with 69 different conformations/structures and 557 potential ligand-binding pockets in total. With 6 examples, we demonstrated that the webserver should be useful to medicinal chemists, pharmacologists and clinicians for efficiently discovering or developing effective drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 to cure COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32443856, "title": "Electronic Health Information Systems to Improve Disease Diagnosis and Management at Point-of-Care in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Narrative Review.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Khubone, Thokozani", "Tlou, Boikhutso", "Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443856", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of an electronic health information system (EHIS) is to support health care workers in providing health care services to an individual client and to enable data exchange among service providers. The demand to explore the use of EHIS for diagnosis and management of communicable and non-communicable diseases has increased dramatically due to the volume of patient data and the need to retain patients in care. In addition, the advent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in high disease burdened low and middle income countries (LMICs) has increased the need for robust EHIS to enable efficient surveillance of the pandemic. EHIS has potential to enable efficient delivery of disease diagnostics services at point-of-care (POC) and reduce medical errors. This review provides an overview of literature on EHIS's with a focus on describing the key components of EHIS and presenting evidence on enablers and barriers to implementation of EHISs in LMICs. With guidance from the presented evidence, we proposed EHIS key stakeholders' roles and responsibilities to ensure efficient utility of EHIS for disease diagnosis and management at POC in LMICs."}, {"pmid": 32433272, "pmcid": "PMC7273935", "title": "Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: The COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Khanna, Sahil", "Pardi, Darrell"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333025, "pmcid": "PMC7181112", "title": "Characteristics of COVID-19 pandemic and public health consequences.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Stang, Andreas", "Standl, Fabian", "Jockel, Karl-Heinz"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333025", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434289, "title": "Perioperative considerations for COVID-19 patients: lessons learnt from the pandemic.", "journal": "Korean J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Yek, Jia Lin Jacklyn", "Kiew, Sca", "Ngu, J C", "Lim, Jgc"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434289", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic spreads globally, hospitals are rushing to adapt their facilities which may not have been designed to deal with infections adequately. We present the management of a patient with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia. A 66-years-old man presented to the hospital and his recent travel history, infective symptoms and CXR made him a possible COVID-19 suspect. Emergency surgery was decided considering the septic condition. The patient was transported to operating theatre with supplemental oxygen over a face mask and plastic covering over the trolley. Rapid sequence intubation was performed by an experienced anesthetist using a videolaryngoscope. After surgery, the patient remained intubated to avoid re-intubation due to initial presentation of respiratory distress. Droplet, contact and airborne infection precautions were instituted. Our objective was to facilitate surgical management of patients with known or suspected COVID-19 while minimising risk of nosocomial transmission to healthcare workers and other patients."}, {"pmid": 32478845, "title": "Association of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak With Enrollment in Cancer Clinical Trials.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Unger, Joseph M", "Blanke, Charles D", "LeBlanc, Michael", "Hershman, Dawn L"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478845", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235083, "title": "Global outbreak of COVID-19: a new challenge?", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Musa, Taha Hussein", "Ahmad, Tauseef", "Khan, Muhammad", "Haroon, Haroon", "Wei, Pingmin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235083", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434598, "title": "Can We Expect an Increased Suicide Rate Due to Covid-19?", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Devitt, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434598", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human disasters come in all shapes and sizes including wars, terrorist violence, natural events, economic recessions and depressions as well as infection. As a species more fragile than we often allow, humans would be expected to adversely react to these types of disasters in terms of mental ill health and possibly suicidal behaviour leading to increased demands on the Mental Health services. This narrative historical paper examines relevant studies into how previous disasters affected mental health and suicidal behaviour. The characteristics of what is known of the current Covid-19 disease are analysed and compared to other types of disasters with a view to gaining some insight into what we might expect. Of all the types of disasters, economic recession appears most toxic. Mitigating the worst effects of recession appears to be protective. Particularly vulnerable groups are identified in whom we might expect an increase in suicidal behaviour."}, {"pmid": 32406381, "title": "COVID-19: progression of disease and intravascular coagulation - present status and future perspectives.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Harenberg, Job", "Favaloro, Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406381", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The timely and accurate diagnosis of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), remains the cornerstone of efforts to provide appropriated treatment for patients, to limit further spread of the virus and ultimately to eliminate the virus from the human society. We focus this article on (a) developments for improvement of diagnosis of specific SARS-CoV-2 virus, (b) laboratory changes in the immunologic and coagulation system, (c) therapeutic options for anticoagulant treatment of seriously affected patients and (d) on the perspectives through improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic medical procedures."}, {"pmid": 32277836, "title": "Benign COVID-19 in an immunocompromised cancer patient - the case of a married couple.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Spezzani, Valentina", "Piunno, Alessio", "Iselin, Hans-Ulrich"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277836", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory failure in COVID-19 is a common feature in fatal cases and has been considered as a failure of the immune system to control the virus. Here we report the case of COVID-19 affecting an immunocompromised women and her presumably immunocompetent spouse. A married couple (age 60 years) was simultaneously admitted to the emergency department on 10 March 2020 because of dyspnoea and fever, consistent with COVID-19. The wife (patient 1) was partially immunocompromised as a consequence of a recently started chemotherapy with fulvestrant and abemaciclid for recurring breast cancer, her husband (patient 2) had been healthy except for a history of controlled arterial hypertension. Both patients were treated with darunavir/cobicistat and hydroxychloroquine. The clinical course of the immunocompromised partner was benign, without need of intensive care. She was able to leave the hospital on day 6 after admission. In contrast, her husband needed intensive care and his recovery was slow, although eventually successful too. These findings suggest that the course of COVID-19 is not necessarily ominous in the presence of a compromised immune response and tend to reinforce the emerging therapeutic concepts of a controlled mitigation of the immune cascade following SARS CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32503821, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 orf1b Gene Sequence in the NTNG1 Gene on Human Chromosome 1.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Lehrer, Steven", "Rheinstein, Peter H"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503821", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. It is contagious in humans and is the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In the current analysis, we searched for SARS-CoV-2 sequences within the human genome. To compare the SARS-CoV-2 genome to the human genome, we used the blast-like alignment tool (BLAT) of the University of California, Santa Cruz Genome Browser. BLAT can align a user sequence of 25 bases or more to the genome. BLAT search results revealed a 117-base pair SARS-CoV-2 sequence in the human genome with 94.6% identity. The sequence was in chromosome 1p within an intronic region of the netrin G1 (NTNG1) gene. The sequence matched a sequence in the SARS-CoV-2 orf1b (open reading frames) gene. The SARS-CoV-2 human sequence lies within non-structural proteins 14 and 15 (NSP14 and NSP15), and is quite close to the viral spike sequence, separated only by NSP16, a 904-base pair sequence. The mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 infection is the binding of the virus spike protein to the membrane-bound form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and internalization of the complex by the host cell. It is probably no accident that a sequence from the SARS-CoV-2 orf1b gene is found in the human NTNG1 gene, implicated in schizophrenia, and that haloperidol, used to treat schizophrenia, may also be a treatment for COVID-19. We suggest, therefore, that it is important to investigate other haloperidol analogs. Among them are benperidol, bromperidol, bromperidol decanoate, droperidol, seperidol hydrochloride, and trifluperidol. These analogs might be valuable in the treatment of COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections."}, {"pmid": 32367660, "pmcid": "PMC7261992", "title": "Performing dermoscopy in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Goldust, Mohamad", "Zalaudek, Iris", "Gupta, Atula", "Lallas, Aimilios", "Rudnicka, Lidia", "Navarini, Alexander A"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423776, "pmcid": "PMC7228696", "title": "Time to pause, to think, and to recalibrate after COVID-19.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Pal Singh Gambhir, Raghvinder"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423776", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379320, "pmcid": "PMC7239096", "title": "Letter: Approaches to Mitigate Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Neurosurgical Residency Application Cycle.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Harary, Maya", "Bergsneider, Marvin"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379320", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249203, "pmcid": "PMC7128973", "title": "Microneedle array delivered recombinant coronavirus vaccines: Immunogenicity and rapid translational development.", "journal": "EBioMedicine", "authors": ["Kim, Eun", "Erdos, Geza", "Huang, Shaohua", "Kenniston, Thomas W", "Balmert, Stephen C", "Carey, Cara Donahue", "Raj, V Stalin", "Epperly, Michael W", "Klimstra, William B", "Haagmans, Bart L", "Korkmaz, Emrullah", "Falo, Louis D Jr", "Gambotto, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249203", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses pose a serious threat to global health as evidenced by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and COVID-19. SARS Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), MERS Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and the novel coronavirus, previously dubbed 2019-nCoV, and now officially named\u00a0SARS-CoV-2, are the causative agents of the SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 disease outbreaks, respectively. Safe vaccines that rapidly induce potent and long-lasting virus-specific immune responses against these infectious agents are urgently needed. The coronavirus spike (S) protein, a characteristic structural component of the viral envelope, is considered a key target for vaccines for the prevention of coronavirus infection. We first generated codon optimized MERS-S1 subunit vaccines fused with a foldon trimerization domain to mimic the native viral structure. In variant constructs, we engineered immune stimulants (RS09 or flagellin, as TLR4 or TLR5 agonists, respectively) into this trimeric design. We comprehensively tested the pre-clinical immunogenicity of MERS-CoV vaccines in mice when delivered subcutaneously by traditional needle injection, or intracutaneously by dissolving microneedle arrays (MNAs) by evaluating virus specific IgG antibodies in the serum of vaccinated mice by ELISA and using virus neutralization assays. Driven by the urgent need for COVID-19 vaccines, we utilized this strategy to rapidly develop MNA SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccines and tested their pre-clinical immunogenicity in vivo by exploiting our substantial experience with MNA MERS-CoV vaccines. Here we describe the development of MNA delivered MERS-CoV vaccines and their pre-clinical immunogenicity. Specifically, MNA delivered MERS-S1 subunit vaccines elicited strong and long-lasting antigen-specific antibody responses. Building on our ongoing efforts to develop MERS-CoV vaccines, promising immunogenicity of MNA-delivered MERS-CoV vaccines, and our experience with MNA fabrication and delivery, including clinical trials, we rapidly designed and produced clinically-translatable MNA SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccines within 4 weeks of the identification of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 sequence. Most importantly, these MNA delivered SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit vaccines elicited potent antigen-specific antibody responses that were evident beginning 2 weeks after immunization. MNA delivery of coronaviruses-S1 subunit vaccines is a promising immunization strategy against coronavirus infection. Progressive scientific and technological efforts enable quicker responses to emerging pandemics. Our ongoing efforts to develop MNA-MERS-S1 subunit vaccines enabled us to rapidly design and produce MNA SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccines capable of inducing potent virus-specific antibody responses. Collectively, our results support the clinical development of MNA delivered recombinant protein subunit vaccines against SARS, MERS, COVID-19, and other emerging infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32400861, "pmcid": "PMC7239130", "title": "Act now! Covid-19 pandemic: the coordinated support of the international community to low- and middle-income countries is needed immediately.", "journal": "Int J Qual Health Care", "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400861", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473503, "pmcid": "PMC7247987", "title": "Early application of prone position for management of Covid-19 patients.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Golestani-Eraghi, Majid", "Mahmoodpoor, Ata"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473503", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330308, "pmcid": "PMC7264579", "title": "COVID19 coagulopathy in Caucasian patients.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Fogarty, Helen", "Townsend, Liam", "Ni Cheallaigh, Cliona", "Bergin, Colm", "Martin-Loeches, Ignacio", "Browne, Paul", "Bacon, Christopher L", "Gaule, Richard", "Gillett, Alexander", "Byrne, Mary", "Ryan, Kevin", "O'Connell, Niamh", "O'Sullivan, Jamie M", "Conlon, Niall", "O'Donnell, James S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330308", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the pathophysiology underlying severe COVID19 remains poorly understood, accumulating data suggest that a lung-centric coagulopathy may play an important role. Elevated D-dimer levels which correlated inversely with overall survival were recently reported in Chinese cohort studies. Critically however, ethnicity has major effects on thrombotic risk, with a 3-4-fold lower risk in Chinese compared to Caucasians and a significantly higher risk in African-Americans. In this study, we investigated COVID19 coagulopathy in Caucasian patients. Our findings confirm that severe COVID19 infection is associated with a significant coagulopathy that correlates with disease severity. Importantly however, Caucasian COVID19 patients on low molecular weight heparin thromboprophylaxis rarely develop overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In rare COVID19 cases where DIC does develop, it tends to be restricted to late-stage disease. Collectively, these data suggest that the diffuse bilateral pulmonary inflammation observed in COVID19 is associated with a novel pulmonary-specific vasculopathy termed pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy (PIC) as distinct to DIC. Given that thrombotic risk is significantly impacted by race, coupled with the accumulating evidence that coagulopathy is important in COVID19 pathogenesis, our findings raise the intriguing possibility that pulmonary vasculopathy may contribute to the unexplained differences that are beginning to emerge highlighting racial susceptibility to COVID19 mortality."}, {"pmid": 32182409, "pmcid": "PMC7121658", "title": "Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["van Doremalen, Neeltje", "Bushmaker, Trenton", "Morris, Dylan H", "Holbrook, Myndi G", "Gamble, Amandine", "Williamson, Brandi N", "Tamin, Azaibi", "Harcourt, Jennifer L", "Thornburg, Natalie J", "Gerber, Susan I", "Lloyd-Smith, James O", "de Wit, Emmie", "Munster, Vincent J"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32182409", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350106, "title": "Current smoking is not associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Rossato, Marco", "Russo, Lucia", "Mazzocut, Sara", "Di Vincenzo, Angelo", "Fioretto, Paola", "Vettor, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350106", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409435, "title": "Coagulopathy in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Mucha, Simon R", "Dugar, Siddharth", "McCrae, Keith", "Joseph, Douglas E", "Bartholomew, John", "Sacha, Gretchen", "Militello, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409435", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19-associated coagulopathy is common in patients with COVID-19, causing high rates of thrombotic complications that increase the morbidity and mortality. Markedly elevated levels of D-dimer with normal fibrinogen levels are the hallmark laboratory findings and correlate with severity of illness and risk of thrombosis. Aggressive VTE prophylaxis is paramount for all patients with COVID-19. Patients with very high D-dimer levels (6 times the upper limit of normal, greater than 3,000 ng/mL) have the greatest risk of thrombosis and may benefit from active screening and more intensive VTE prophylaxis."}, {"pmid": 32502535, "pmcid": "PMC7265843", "title": "Virtual Cafes: An Innovative Way for Rapidly Disseminating Educational Best Practices and Building Community During COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Blankenburg, Rebecca", "Poitevien, Patricia", "Gonzalez Del Rey, Javier", "Degnon, Laura"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298984, "pmcid": "PMC7146694", "title": "Estimation of effects of nationwide lockdown for containing coronavirus infection on worsening of glycosylated haemoglobin and increase in diabetes-related complications: A simulation model using multivariate regression analysis.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Ghosal, Samit", "Sinha, Binayak", "Majumder, Milan", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298984", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "and aims: To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID19) total lockdown is in place in India from March 24, 2020 for 21 days. In this study, we aim to assess the impact of the duration of the lockdown on glycaemic control and diabetes-related complications. A systematic search was conducted using Cochrane library. A simulation model was created using glycemic data from previous disasters (taken as similar in impact to current lockdown) taking baseline HBA1c and diabetes-related complications data from India-specific database. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to analyse the relationship between the duration of lockdown and glycaemic targets & diabetes-related complications. The predictive model was extremely robust (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.99) and predicted outcomes for period of lockdown up to 90 days. The predicted increment in HBA1c from baseline at the end of 30 days and 45 days lockdown was projected as 2.26% & 3.68% respectively. Similarly, the annual predicted percentage increase in complication rates at the end of 30-day lockdown was 2.8% for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 2.9% for proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 1.5% for retinal photocoagulation, 9.3% for microalbuminuria, 14.2% for proteinuria, 2.9% for peripheral neuropathy, 10.5% for lower extremity amputation, 0.9% for myocardial infarction, 0.5% for stroke and 0.5% for infections. The duration of lockdown is directly proportional to the worsening of glycaemic control and diabetes-related complications. Such increase in diabetes-related complications will put additional load on overburdened healthcare system, and also increase COVID19 infections in patients with such uncontrolled glycemia."}, {"pmid": 32238261, "title": "[Alerted but not panicked. The role of the media during the pandemic.]", "journal": "Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba", "authors": ["Segura, Maria Soledad"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238261", "countries": ["Argentina"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Este art\u00edculo analiza la cobertura medi\u00e1tica del avance de la pandemia de Covid-19 en Argentina y la medida de aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio decretada por el gobierno nacional. Destaca tendencias problem\u00e1ticas y buenas pr\u00e1cticas seg\u00fan un enfoque te\u00f3rico-normativo, y las vincula con las caracter\u00edsticas hist\u00f3ricas del sistema de medios en el pa\u00eds. Utiliza una perspectiva te\u00f3rico-metodol\u00f3gica que concibe a la comunicaci\u00f3n como un derecho humano fundamental, esencial en una sociedad democr\u00e1tica y a los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n de masas como veh\u00edculo fundamental para su ejercicio, y se apoya en las recomendaciones formuladas por organismos internacionales, organizaciones de la sociedad civil e instituciones nacionales. Se sostiene que los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n de masas en la Argentina tienen la oportunidad hist\u00f3rica de mostrar la relevancia de su aporte no s\u00f3lo para que enfrentar esta coyuntura, sino tambi\u00e9n para que salgamos de ella como una sociedad mejor y m\u00e1s justa."}, {"pmid": 32352650, "pmcid": "PMC7267304", "title": "Zooming Towards a Telehealth Solution for Vulnerable Children with Obesity During COVID-19.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Woo Baidal, Jennifer A", "Chang, Jane", "Hulse, Emma", "Turetsky, Robyn", "Parkinson, Kristina", "Rausch, John C"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352650", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health inequities exist throughout the life course, resulting in racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in obesity and obesity-related health complications. Obesity and its comorbidities appear to be linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality. Approaches to reduce obesity in the time of COVID-19 closures are urgently needed and should start early in life. In New York City, a telehealth pediatric weight-management collaborative spanning NewYork-Presbyterian, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Weill Cornell Medicine was developed during COVID-19 with show rates from 76% to 89%. To stave off the impending exacerbation of health disparities related to obesity risk factors in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, effective interventions that can be delivered remotely are urgently needed among vulnerable children with obesity. Challenges in digital technology access, social and linguistic differences, privacy security, and reimbursement must be overcome to realize the full potential of telehealth for pediatric weight management among low-income and racial/ethnic-minority children."}, {"pmid": 32381730, "pmcid": "PMC7239652", "title": "New indication for an old anesthetic technique: could we consider now rapid sequence spinal anesthesia in a COVID-19 time?", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Varandas, Joana Santos", "Dias, Raquel", "Mendes, Angela Barbosa", "Lages, Neusa", "Machado, Humberto"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381730", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407770, "pmcid": "PMC7213956", "title": "COVID-19, Clinical Trials and QT-Prolonging Prophylactic Therapy in Healthy Subjects: First, Do No Harm.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Gollob, Michael H"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407770", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524248, "title": "18.2 Million Individuals at Increased Risk of Severe COVID-19 Illness Are Un- or Underinsured.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Gaffney, Adam W", "Hawks, Laura", "Bor, David H", "Woolhandler, Steffie", "Himmelstein, David U", "McCormick, Danny"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524248", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503662, "pmcid": "PMC7273378", "title": "Norwegian Coronavirus Disease 2019 (NO COVID-19) Pragmatic Open label Study to assess early use of hydroxychloroquine sulphate in moderately severe hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Lyngbakken, Magnus Nakrem", "Berdal, Jan-Erik", "Eskesen, Arne", "Kvale, Dag", "Olsen, Inge Christoffer", "Rangberg, Anbjorg", "Jonassen, Christine Monceyron", "Omland, Torbjorn", "Rosjo, Helge", "Dalgard, Olav"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503662", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The hypothesis of the study is that treatment with hydroxychloroquine sulphate in hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is safe and will accelerate the virological clearance rate for patients with moderately severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) when compared to standard care. Furthermore, we hypothesize that early treatment with hydroxychloroquine sulphate is associated with more rapid resolve of clinical symptoms as assessed by the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2), decreased admission rate to intensive care units and mortality, and improvement in protein biomarker profiles (C-reactive protein, markers of renal and hepatic injury, and established cardiac biomarkers like cardiac troponin and B-type natriuretic peptide). The study is a two-arm, open label, pragmatic randomised controlled group sequential adaptive trial designed to assess the effect on viral loads and clinical outcome of hydroxychloroquine sulphate therapy in addition to standard care compared to standard care alone in patients with established Covid-19. By utilizing resources already paid for by the hospitals (physicians and nurses in daily clinical practice), this pragmatic trial can include a larger number of patients over a short period of time and at a lower cost than studies utilizing traditional randomized controlled trial designs with an external study organization. The pragmatic approach will enable swift initiation of randomisation and allocation to treatment. Patients will be recruited from all inpatients at Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, Norway. Electronic real-time surveillance of laboratory reports from the Department of Microbiology will be examined regularly for SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects. All of the following conditions must apply to the prospective patient at screening prior to inclusion: (1) Hospitalisation; (2) Adults 18 years or older; (3) Moderately severe Covid-19 disease (NEWS2 of 6 or less); (4) SARS-CoV-2 positive nasopharyngeal swab; (5) Expected time of hospitalisation > 48 hours; and (6) Signed informed consent must be obtained and documented according to Good Clinical Practice guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization, and national/local regulations. Patients will be excluded from participation in the study if they meet any of the following criteria: (1) Requiring intensive care unit admission at screening; (2) History of psoriasis; (3) Known adverse reaction to hydroxychloroquine sulphate; (4) Pregnancy; or (5) Prolonged corrected QT interval (>450 ms). Clinical data, including standard hospital biochemistry, medical therapy, vital signs, NEWS2, and microbiology results (including blood culture results and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] for other upper airway viruses), will be automatically extracted from the hospital electronic records and merged with the study specific database. Included patients will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to (1) standard care with the addition of 400 mg hydroxychloroquine sulphate (PlaquenilTM) twice daily for seven days or (2) standard care alone. The primary endpoint of the study is the rate of decline in SARS-CoV-2 viral load in oropharyngeal samples as assessed by RT-PCR in samples collected at baseline, 48 and 96 hours after randomization and administration of drug for the intervention arm. Secondary endpoints include change in NEWS2 at 96 hours after randomisation, admission to intensive care unit, mortality (in-hospital, and at 30 and 90 days), duration of hospital admission, clinical status on a 7-point ordinal scale 14 days after randomization ([1] Death [2] Hospitalised, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [3] Hospitalised, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices [4] Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen [5] Hospitalised, not requiring supplemental oxygen [6] Not hospitalized, but unable to resume normal activities [7] Not hospitalised, with resumption of normal activities), and improvement in protein biomarker profiles (C-reactive protein, markers of renal and hepatic injury, and established cardiac biomarkers like cardiac troponin and B-type natriuretic peptide) at 96 hours after randomization. Eligible patients will be allocated in a 1:1 ratio, using a computer randomisation procedure. The allocation sequence has been prepared by an independent statistician. Open label randomised controlled pragmatic trial without blinding, no active or placebo control. The virologist assessing viral load in the oropharyngeal samples and the statistician responsible for analysis of the data will be blinded to the treatment allocation for the statistical analyses. This is a group sequential adaptive trial where analyses are planned after 51, 101, 151 and 202 completed patients, with a maximum sample size of 202 patients (101 patients allocated to intervention and standard care and 101 patients allocated to standard care alone). Protocol version 1.3 (March 26, 2020). Recruitment of first patient on March 26, 2020, and 51 patients were included as per April 28, 2020. Study recruitment is anticipated to be completed by July 2020. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04316377. Trial registered March 20, 2020. The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32437935, "pmcid": "PMC7211636", "title": "Cardiac injuries in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Not to be ignored.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Fan, Hua", "Zhang, Lin", "Huang, Bin", "Zhu, Muxin", "Zhou, Yong", "Zhang, Huan", "Tao, Xiaogen", "Cheng, Shaohui", "Yu, Wenhu", "Zhu, Liping", "Chen, Jian"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437935", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We recruited 73 patients with COVID-19 [49 men and 24 women; average age: 58.36 years (SD: 14.31)] admitted to the intensive care unit of Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital from December 30, 2019 to February 16, 2020. Demographics, underlying diseases, and laboratory test results on admission were collected and analyzed. Data were compared between survivors and non-survivors. The non-survivors were older (65.46 [SD 9.74]vs 46.23 [12.01]) and were more likely to have chronic medical illnesses. Non-survivors tend to develop more severe lymphopenia, with higher C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, D-dimer, and hs-Troponin I(hs-TnI) levels. Patients with elevated hs-TnI levels on admission had shorter duration from symptom onset to death. Increased hs-TnI level was related to dismal prognosis. Death risk increased by 20.8% when the hs-TnI level increased by one unit. After adjusting for inflammatory or coagulation index, the independent predictive relationship between hs-TnI and death disappeared. Cardiac injury may occur at the early stage of COVID-19, which is associated with high mortality. Inflammatory factor cascade and coagulation abnormality may be the potential mechanisms of COVID-19 combined with cardiac injury."}, {"pmid": 32368994, "pmcid": "PMC7264453", "title": "Psychiatric hospitalization rates in Italy before and during COVID-19: did they change? An analysis of register data.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Clerici, M", "Durbano, F", "Spinogatti, F", "Vita, A", "de Girolamo, G", "Micciolo, R"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368994", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess admission rates to seven General Hospital Psychiatric Wards (GHPWs) located in the Lombardy Region in the 40 days after the start of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, compared to similar periods of 2020 and 2019. Anonymized data from the regional psychiatric care register have been obtained and analyzed. The seven GHPWs care for approximately 1.4 million inhabitants and have a total of 119 beds. In the 40-day period (February 21-March 31, 2020) after the start of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy, compared to a similar 40-day period prior to February 21, and compared to two 40-day periods of 2019, there has been a marked reduction in psychiatric admission rates. The reduction was explained by voluntary admissions, while there was not a noticeable reduction for involuntary admissions. The reduction was visible for all diagnostic groups, except for a group of 'Other' diagnoses, which includes anxiety disorders, neurocognitive disorders, etc. Large-scale pandemics can modify voluntary admission rates to psychiatric facilities in the early phases following pandemic onset. We suggest that the reduction in admission rates may be due to fear of hospitals, seen as possible sites of contagion, as well as to a change in thresholds of behavioral problems acting as a trigger for admission requests from family relatives or referrals from treating clinicians. It is unclear from the study whether the reduction in admissions was contributed to most by the current pandemic or the lockdown imposed due to the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32402104, "pmcid": "PMC7272821", "title": "COVID-19 and gastrointestinal endoscopy: Importance of reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection risks of medical workers and preserving personal protective equipment resources.", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["Onoyama, Takumi", "Isomoto, Hajime"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402104", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology detected in Wuhan, China. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, was identified and SARS-CoV-2 related disease, called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread worldwide. The WHO has declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Clinical symptoms of the COVID-19 includes cough (67.8%), fever (43.8%), fatigue (38.1%), production of sputum (33.7%), and shortness of breath (18.7%). Gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 include nausea or vomiting (5.0%), as well as diarrhea (3.8%) 1 . It is estimated that 1.2% of infected subjects are asymptomatic, but the rate of severe disease is 13.9% with an overall mortality rate of 2.3% 2 ."}, {"pmid": 32336042, "pmcid": "PMC7267628", "title": "Evaluation of ocular symptoms and tropism of SARS-CoV-2 in patients confirmed with COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Hong, Nan", "Yu, Wangshu", "Xia, Jianhua", "Shen, Ye", "Yap, Maurice", "Han, Wei"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336042", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in tears and conjunctival samples from infected individuals. Conjunctivitis is also reported in a small number of cases. We evaluated ocular symptoms and ocular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 in a group of patients with COVID-19. Fifty-six patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were recruited as subjects. Relevant medical histories were obtained from the electronic medical record system. Ocular history and ocular symptoms data were obtained by communicating directly with the subjects. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Salisbury Eye Evaluation Questionnaire (SEEQ) were used to assess the anterior ocular surface condition before and after the onset of disease. Patients classified as severe COVID-19 cases were more likely to have hypertension compared to mild cases (p\u00a0=\u00a00.035). Of the 56 subjects, thirteen patients (23%) were infected in Wuhan, 32 patients (57%) were community-infected, 10 patients (18%) were unknown origin, 1 (2%) was a physician likely infected by a confirmed patient. Three patients wore face mask with precaution when contacting the confirmed patients. Fifteen (27%) had aggravated ocular symptoms, of which 6 (11%) had prodromal ocular symptoms before disease onset. The differences in mean scores of OSDI questionnaire and SEEQ between before and after onset of COVID-19 were all significant (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05 for both). Ocular symptoms are relatively common in COVID-19 disease and may appear just before the onset of respiratory symptoms. Our data provided the anecdotal evidences of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via ocular surface."}, {"pmid": 32291374, "title": "The Importance of Chest CT Scan in COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Med Indones", "authors": ["Tenda, Eric Daniel", "Yulianti, Mira", "Asaf, Moses Mazmur", "Yunus, Reyhan Eddy", "Septiyanti, Wita", "Wulani, Vally", "Pitoyo, Ceva Wicaksono", "Rumende, Cleopas Martin", "Setiati, Siti"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291374", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The\u00a0coronavirus disease 2019\u00a0(COVID-19) is a highly transmissible acute respiratory disease that is caused by the\u00a0Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2\u00a0(SARS-CoV-2), a beta coronavirus first discovered in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. COVID-19 has been spreading swiftly globally, and as of March 2020, has been officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). One of the challenges in managing COVID-19 is the identification of a swift, accessible, and reliable diagnostic modality that could serve as an alternative to a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As of the writing of this paper, RT-PCR is still the recommended tool in diagnosing COVID-19, but the notion of a more prompt and accurate diagnostic tool is a possibility worth looking into. The objective of this case study is to investigate the importance and utility of chest computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of COVID-19, as increasing pieces of evidence suggest that chest CT could prove useful in the clinical pathway in diagnosing COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32249840, "pmcid": "PMC7132217", "title": "Minimizing the risk of COVID-19 among patients on dialysis.", "journal": "Nat Rev Nephrol", "authors": ["Ikizler, T Alp", "Kliger, Alan S"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249840", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265184, "title": "Ready for a long fight against the COVID-19 outbreak: an innovative model of tiered primary health care in Taiwan.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Chang, Brian Bih-Jeng", "Chiu, Tai-Yuan"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265184", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312363, "title": "[Clinical features of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 115 cases].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ma, Yao-Ling", "Xia, Sheng-Ying", "Wang, Min", "Zhang, Si-Min", "DU, Wen-Hui", "Chen, Qiong"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312363", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To study the clinical features of children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 115 children who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Wuhan Children's Hospital, including general information, history of close contact with individuals of SARS-CoV-2 infection, early clinical symptoms, laboratory examination results, and lung CT results. Among the 115 children, there were 73 boys (63.5%) and 42 girls (36.5%), with a male/female ratio of 1:0.58. Of the 115 children, 105 (91.3%) had a definite history of close contact with individuals of SARS-CoV-2-infection. An increase in alanine aminotransferase was observed in 11 children (9.6%) and an increase in CK-MB was found in 34 children (29.6%). As for clinical symptoms, 29 children (25.2%) had fever, 47 (40.9%) had respiratory symptoms (including cough, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion), and 61 (53.0%) were asymptomatic. Lung CT findings showed ground glass opacity, fiber opacities, patchy changes, and pulmonary consolidation in 49 children (42.6%), among whom 2 children had \"white lung\"; 39 children (33.9%) only had lung texture enhancement and 27 children (23.5%) had no pulmonary imaging changes. Among the 115 children, 3 were critically ill, among whom 1 had been cured and the other 2 were under continuous treatment. Most of the children with SARS-CoV-2 infection have a close contact history. Critical cases are rare and there is a high proportion of asymptomatic infection."}, {"pmid": 32505228, "title": "COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients: preliminary data from the ELITA/ELTR registry.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Belli, Luca S", "Duvoux, Christophe", "Karam, Vincent", "Adam, Rene", "Cuervas-Mons, Valentin", "Pasulo, Luisa", "Loinaz, Carmelo", "Invernizzi, Federica", "Patrono, Damiano", "Bhoori, Sherrie", "Ciccarelli, Olga", "Morelli, Maria Cristina", "Castells, Lluis", "Lopez-Lopez, Victor", "Conti, Sara", "Fondevila, Costantino", "Polak, Wojchiech"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505228", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414708, "title": "Airway management considerations in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Chahar, Praveen", "Dugar, Sidharth", "Marciniak, Donn"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Approximately 12% to 15% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection require invasive ventilation via endotracheal intubation. The key to minimizing risk of disease transmission during this aerosol-generating procedure is careful preparation, which includes having necessary equipment and medications on hand as well as an experienced intubation team who can troubleshoot any unforeseen complications. Personal protective equipment should be donned and doffed in the presence of an assistant (ie, \"buddy\" system)."}, {"pmid": 32443151, "title": "Lopinavir pharmacokinetics in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Gregoire, Matthieu", "Le Turnier, Paul", "Gaborit, Benjamin J", "Veyrac, Gwenaelle", "Lecomte, Raphael", "Boutoille, David", "Canet, Emmanuel", "Imbert, Berthe-Marie", "Bellouard, Ronan", "Raffi, Francois"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443151", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468167, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on urologic practice, medical education, and training.", "journal": "Int Urol Nephrol", "authors": ["Diokno, Ananias C", "Devries, Jeffrey M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468167", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342998, "pmcid": "PMC7267600", "title": "American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Policy Brief: COVID-19 and Assisted Living Facilities.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342998", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This policy brief sets forth the American Geriatrics Society's (AGS's) recommendations to guide federal, state, and local governments when making decisions about care for older adults in assisted living facilities (ALFs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It focuses on the need for personal protective equipment, access to testing, public health support for infection control, and workforce training. The AGS continues to review guidance set forth in peer-reviewed articles, as well as ongoing and updated guidance from the US Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other key agencies. This brief is based on the situation and any federal guidance or actions as of April 15, 2020. Joining a separate AGS policy brief on COVID-19 in nursing homes (DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16477), this brief is focused on ALFs, given that varied structure and staffing can impact their response to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32473108, "pmcid": "PMC7236746", "title": "Rescheduling Nonurgent Care in Radiology: Implementation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Vagal, Achala", "Mahoney, Mary", "Allen, Becky", "Kapur, Sangita", "Udstuen, Gavin", "Wang, Lily", "Braley, Susan", "Makramalla, Abouelmagd", "Chadalavada, Seetharam", "Scheler, Jennifer", "Brown, Ann", "England, Eric", "Hudepohl, Joseph", "Rybicki, Frank J"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473108", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To meet hospital preparedness for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and ACR recommended delay of all nonemergent tests and elective procedures. The purpose of this article is to report our experience for rescheduling nonemergent imaging and procedures during the pandemic at our tertiary, academic institution. We rescheduled the nonemergent imaging and procedures in our hospitals and outpatient centers from March 16 to May 4, 2020. We created a tiered priority system to reschedule patients for whom imaging could be delayed with minimal clinical impact. The radiologists performed detailed chart reviews for decision making. We conducted daily virtual huddles with discussion of rescheduling strategies and issue tracking. Using a snapshot during the rescheduling period, there was a 53.4% decrease in imaging volume during the period of March 16 to April 15, 2020, compared with same time period in 2019. The total number of imaging studies decreased from 38,369 in 2019 to 17,891 in 2020 during this period. Although we saw the largest reduction in outpatient imaging (72.3%), there was also a significant decrease in inpatient (40.5%) and emergency department (48.9%) imaging volumes. The use of multiple communication channels was critical in relaying the information to all our stakeholders, patients, referring physicians, and the radiology workforce. Teamwork, quick adoption, and adaptation of changing strategies was important given the fluidity of the situation."}, {"pmid": 32398241, "title": "Waste in covid-19 research.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Glasziou, Paul P", "Sanders, Sharon", "Hoffmann, Tammy"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398241", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482621, "title": "Covid-19: Women's health campaigners sue FDA over access to medical abortion pills.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482621", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475151, "title": "Rate of Patient-Driven Biologic Treatment Discontinuation During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2 Academic Hospital Clinics at the University of Toronto.", "journal": "J Cutan Med Surg", "authors": ["Georgakopoulos, Jorge R", "Yeung, Jensen"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475151", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400295, "title": "COVID-19: time for a bold new strategy for medical education.", "journal": "Med Educ Online", "authors": ["Watson, Alastair", "McKinnon, Tamsin", "Prior, Scarlet-Daisy", "Richards, Liam", "Green, Christopher A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439956, "pmcid": "PMC7241067", "title": "Management of newborns exposed to mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19.", "journal": "J Perinatol", "authors": ["Amatya, Shaili", "Corr, Tammy E", "Gandhi, Chintan K", "Glass, Kristen M", "Kresch, Mitchell J", "Mujsce, Dennis J", "Oji-Mmuo, Christiana N", "Mola, Sara J", "Murray, Yuanyi L", "Palmer, Timothy W", "Singh, Meenakshi", "Fricchione, Ashley", "Arnold, Jill", "Prentice, Danielle", "Bridgeman, Colin R", "Smith, Brandon M", "Gavigan, Patrick J", "Ericson, Jessica E", "Miller, Jennifer R", "Pauli, Jaimey M", "Williams, Duane C", "McSherry, George D", "Legro, Richard S", "Iriana, Sarah M", "Kaiser, Jeffrey R"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439956", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is limited information about newborns with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. Particularly in the hospital after delivery, clinicians have refined practices in order to prevent secondary infection. While guidance from international associations is continuously being updated, all facets of care of neonates born to women with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 are center-specific, given local customs, building infrastructure constraints, and availability of protective equipment. Based on anecdotal reports from institutions in the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic close to our hospital, together with our limited experience, in anticipation of increasing numbers of exposed newborns, we have developed a triage algorithm at the Penn State Hospital at Milton S. Hershey Medical Center that may be useful for other centers anticipating a similar surge. We discuss several care practices that have changed in the COVID-19 era including the use of antenatal steroids, delayed cord clamping (DCC), mother-newborn separation, and breastfeeding. Moreover, this paper provides comprehensive guidance on the most suitable respiratory support for newborns during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also present detailed recommendations about the discharge process and beyond, including providing scales and home phototherapy to families, parental teaching via telehealth and in-person education at the doors of the hospital, and telehealth newborn follow-up."}, {"pmid": 32238612, "pmcid": "PMC7182738", "title": "Novel Coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) Infection: Part I - Preparedness and Management in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Resource-limited Settings.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Ravikumar, Namita", "Nallasamy, Karthi", "Bansal, Arun", "Angurana, Suresh Kumar", "Basavaraja, G V", "Sundaram, Manu", "Lodha, Rakesh", "Gupta, Dhiren", "Jayashree, Muralidharan"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238612", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "First reported in China, the 2019 novel coronavirus has been spreading across the globe. Till 26 March, 2020, 416,686 cases have been diagnosed and 18,589 have died the world over. The coronavirus disease mainly starts with a respiratory illness and about 5-16% require intensive care management for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ dysfunction. Children account for about 1-2% of the total cases, and 6% of these fall under severe or critical category requiring pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) care. Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical and epidemiological features with laboratory confirmation. Preparedness strategies for managing this pandemic are the need of the hour, and involve setting up cohort ICUs with isolation rooms. Re-allocation of resources in managing this crisis involves careful planning, halting elective surgeries and training of healthcare workers. Strict adherence to infection control like personal protective equipment and disinfection is the key to contain the disease transmission. Although many therapies have been tried in various regions, there is a lack of strong evidence to recommend anti-virals or immunomodulatory drugs."}, {"pmid": 32270992, "title": "COVID-19, or the triumph of monogamy?", "journal": "Minerva Endocrinol", "authors": ["Aversa, Antonio", "Jannini, Emmanuele A"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270992", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439309, "pmcid": "PMC7183283", "title": "[Narrative review of the immune response against coronavirus: An overview, applicability for SARS-COV-2, and therapeutic implications].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Garcia-Salido, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439309", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes a severe acute respiratory syndrome emerges in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It produces the aforementioned disease due to coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), and has led to a declaration of a world public health emergency by the World Health Organisation. This new SARS-CoV-2 virus could share characteristics and an immune response similar to those described for other coronavirus. Given its activity on the interferon pathway, and the manner in which it dysregulates innate immunity, the use of treatments directed at modulating or containing this could be of interest. A narrative review was made of the current evidence about immunity against coronavirus and its applicability to SARS-CoV-2. The physiopathogenesis is also described, along with the underlying leucocyte activity, with the intention of clarifying the possible usefulness of inflammatory biomarkers and the development of personalised treatments."}, {"pmid": 32530367, "title": "Covid-19: Refracting decision-making through the prism of resource allocation.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Law, Richard Wm", "Choong, Kartina A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530367", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical decision-making has, across the history of the NHS, made a transitional journey from a model characterised by paternalism to one which places emphasis on partnership and patient autonomy. This article assesses the extent to which the circumstances generated by the Covid-19 pandemic affect the mode of critical care decision-making. It observes that clinical judgment influenced by protocols, algorithms and resource constraints do not lend themselves to full identification with either of the two frameworks familiar to the NHS. The unique mode of decision-making engendered can only be understood on its own terms."}, {"pmid": 32250283, "pmcid": "PMC7141253", "title": "Novel Coronavirus in Cape Town Informal Settlements: Feasibility of Using Informal Dwelling Outlines to Identify High Risk Areas for COVID-19 Transmission From A Social Distancing Perspective.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Gibson, Lesley", "Rush, David"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250283", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The challenges faced by the Global South during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic are compounded by the presence of informal settlements, which are typically densely populated and lacking in formalized sanitation infrastructure. Social distancing measures in informal settlements may be difficult to implement due to the density and layout of settlements. This study measures the distance between dwellings in informal settlements in Cape Town to identify the risk of COVID-19 transmission. The aim of this paper is to determine if social distancing measures are achievable in informal settlements in Cape Town, using two settlements as an example. We will first examine the distance between dwellings and their first, second, and third nearest neighbors and then identify clusters of dwellings in which residents would be unable to effectively practice social isolation due to the close proximity of their homes. Dwellings in the settlements of Masiphumelele and Klipfontein Glebe were extracted from a geographic information system data set of outlines of all informal dwellings in Cape Town. The distance to each dwelling's first, second, and third nearest neighbors was calculated for each settlement. A social distance measure of 2 m was used (buffer of 1 m, as dwellings less than 2 m apart are joined) to identify clusters of dwellings that are unable to effectively practice social distancing in each settlement. The distance to each dwelling's first 3 nearest neighbors illustrates that the settlement of Masiphumelele is constructed in a denser fashion as compared to the Klipfontein Glebe settlement. This implies that implementing social distancing will likely be more challenging in Masiphumelele than in Klipfontein Glebe. However, using a 2-m social distancing measure, it was demonstrated that large portions of Klipfontein Glebe would also be unable to effectively implement social distancing. Effectively implementing social distancing may be a challenge in informal settlements due to their density. This paper uses dwelling outlines for informal settlements in the city of Cape Town to demonstrate that with a 2 m measure, effective social distancing will be challenging."}, {"pmid": 32389848, "pmcid": "PMC7204704", "title": "Comparison of mortality associated with respiratory viral infections between December 2019 and March 2020 with that of the previous year in Southeastern France.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Giraud-Gatineau, Audrey", "Colson, Philippe", "Jimeno, Marie-Therese", "Zandotti, Christine", "Ninove, Laetitia", "Boschi, Celine", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "La Scola, Bernard", "Chaudet, Herve", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389848", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory viruses are a major cause of mortality worldwide and in France, where they cause several thousands of deaths every year. University Hospital Institute-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection performs real-time surveillance of all diagnoses of infections and associated deaths in public hospitals in Marseille, Southeastern France. This study compared mortality associated with diagnoses of respiratory viruses during the colder months of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 (week 47-week 14). In 2018-2019, 73 patients (0.17% of 42,851 hospitalized patients) died after being diagnosed with a respiratory virus; 40 and 13 deaths occurred in patients diagnosed with influenza A virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), respectively. In 2019-2020, 50 patients (0.10% of 49,043 patients hospitalized) died after being diagnosed with a common respiratory virus; seven and seven deaths occurred in patients diagnosed with influenza A virus and RSV, respectively. Additionally, 55 patients died after being diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of respiratory virus-associated deaths among hospitalized patients was thus significantly lower for common respiratory viruses in 2019-2020 than in 2018-2019 (102 versus 170 per 100,000 hospitalized patients; p = 0.003), primarily as a consequence of a decrease in influenza A virus (-83%) and RSV (-46%)-associated deaths. Overall, the proportion of respiratory virus-associated deaths among hospitalized patients was higher, but not significantly, in 2019-2020 than in 2018-2019 (214 versus 170 per 100,000 hospitalized patients; p = 0.08, Yates-corrected Chi-square test). These findings put into perspective the death burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections in this geographical area."}, {"pmid": 32502640, "pmcid": "PMC7266602", "title": "Optimising effectiveness of health care and value of clinical trials in the COVID -19 outbreak.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Filippis, Giuseppe De"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502640", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250493, "title": "Life in the pandemic: Social isolation and mental health.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Usher, Kim", "Bhullar, Navjot", "Jackson, Debra"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250493", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404671, "title": "Approaching Surgical Triage During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Brindle, Mary E", "Doherty, Gerard", "Lillemoe, Keith", "Gawande, Atul"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404671", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522684, "title": "Inimical effects of COVID-19 on surgical residency: Correspondence.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Yelamanchi, Raghav", "Gupta, Nikhil", "Durga, C K"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522684", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448674, "pmcid": "PMC7211755", "title": "Ischaemic stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A causal or incidental association?", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Barrios-Lopez, J M", "Rego-Garcia, I", "Munoz Martinez, C", "Romero-Fabrega, J C", "Rivero Rodriguez, M", "Ruiz Gimenez, J A", "Escamilla-Sevilla, F", "Minguez-Castellanos, A", "Fernandez Perez, M D"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448674", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ischaemic stroke has been reported in patients with COVID-19, particularly in more severe cases. However, it is unclear to what extent this is linked to systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability secondary to the infection. We describe the cases of 4 patients with ischaemic stroke and COVID-19 who were attended at our hospital. Patients are classified according to the likelihood of a causal relationship between the hypercoagulable state and ischaemic stroke. We also conducted a review of studies addressing the possible mechanisms involved in the aetiopathogenesis of ischaemic stroke in these patients. The association between COVID-19 and stroke was probably causal in 2 patients, who presented cortical infarcts and had no relevant arterial or cardioembolic disease, but did show signs of hypercoagulability and systemic inflammation in laboratory analyses. The other 2 patients were of advanced age and presented cardioembolic ischaemic stroke; the association in these patients was probably incidental. Systemic inflammation and the potential direct action of the virus may cause endothelial dysfunction, resulting in a hypercoagulable state that could be considered a potential cause of ischaemic stroke. However, stroke involves multiple pathophysiological mechanisms; studies with larger samples are therefore needed to confirm our hypothesis. The management protocol for patients with stroke and COVID-19 should include a complete aetiological study, with the appropriate safety precautions always being observed."}, {"pmid": 32442699, "pmcid": "PMC7235574", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine effects on psoriasis: a systematic review and a cautionary note for COVID-19 treatment.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Sachdeva, Muskaan", "Mufti, Asfandyar", "Maliyar, Khalad", "Lytvyn, Yuliya", "Yeung, Jensen"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442699", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While evidence suggests that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) may decrease the viral load in patients with a COVID-19 infection, a number of case reports indicate adverse dermatologic effects of this potential treatment. To conduct a systematic review of previously reported cases of psoriasis onset, exacerbation, or relapse after HCQ treatment. A comprehensive EMBASE and MEDLINE search of original studies examining adverse effects of HCQ treatment related to psoriasis was conducted. Participant demographics, and details of HCQ administration and psoriasis diagnosis were extracted from 15 articles representing 18 patients. Females accounted for a significantly larger number of psoriatic cases compared to males and unreported sex (n=14, 77.8% vs. n=2, 11.1% vs n=2, 11.1% respectively). Additionally, 50% (n=9) of the cases did not have a history of psoriasis prior to taking HCQ. Of the 18 patients, 50.0% (n=9) experienced de novo psoriasis, 27.8% (n=5) experienced exacerbation of psoriatic symptoms and 22.2% (n=4) had a relapse of psoriasis after HCQ administration. HCQ treatment may result in induction, exacerbation, or relapse of psoriasis. Monitoring for adverse effects of HCQ treatment is necessary, and clinical trials are essential in characterizing the safety profile of HCQ use in patients with a COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32518832, "pmcid": "PMC7276249", "title": "Influence of population mobility on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic: based on panel data from Hubei, China.", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Jiang, Junfeng", "Luo, Lisha"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518832", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China. The mass population mobility in China during the Spring Festival has been considered a driver to the transmission of COVID-19, but it still needs more empirical discussion. Based on the panel data from Hubei, China between January 6th and February 6th, 2020, a random effects model was used to estimate the impact of population mobility on the transmission of COVID-19. Stata version 12.0 was used, and p\u2009<\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant. The COVID-19 was more likely to be confirmed within 11-12\u2009days after people moved from Wuhan to 16 other prefecture-level cities in Hubei Province, which suggests a period of 11-12\u2009days from contact to being confirmed. The daily confirmed cases and daily increment in incidence in 16 prefecture-level cities show obvious declines 9-12\u2009days post adaptation of city lockdown at the local level. Population mobility is found to be a driver to the rapid transmission of COVID-19, and the lockdown intervention in local prefecture-level cities of Hubei Province has been an effective strategy to block the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32375025, "pmcid": "PMC7199733", "title": "Structural Basis for Potent Neutralization of Betacoronaviruses by Single-Domain Camelid Antibodies.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Wrapp, Daniel", "De Vlieger, Dorien", "Corbett, Kizzmekia S", "Torres, Gretel M", "Wang, Nianshuang", "Van Breedam, Wander", "Roose, Kenny", "van Schie, Loes", "Hoffmann, Markus", "Pohlmann, Stefan", "Graham, Barney S", "Callewaert, Nico", "Schepens, Bert", "Saelens, Xavier", "McLellan, Jason S"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375025", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses make use of a large envelope protein called spike (S) to engage host cell receptors and catalyze membrane fusion. Because of the vital role that these S proteins play, they represent a vulnerable target for the development of therapeutics. Here, we describe the isolation of single-domain antibodies (VHHs) from a llama immunized with prefusion-stabilized coronavirus spikes. These VHHs neutralize MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1\u00a0S pseudotyped viruses, respectively. Crystal structures of these VHHs bound to their respective viral targets reveal two distinct epitopes, but both VHHs interfere with receptor binding. We also show cross-reactivity between the SARS-CoV-1 S-directed VHH and SARS-CoV-2\u00a0S and demonstrate that this cross-reactive VHH neutralizes SARS-CoV-2\u00a0S pseudotyped viruses as a bivalent human IgG Fc-fusion. These data provide a molecular basis for the neutralization of pathogenic betacoronaviruses by VHHs and suggest that these molecules may serve as useful therapeutics during coronavirus outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32276929, "title": "TMPRSS2 and COVID-19: Serendipity or Opportunity for Intervention?", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "authors": ["Stopsack, Konrad H", "Mucci, Lorelei A", "Antonarakis, Emmanuel S", "Nelson, Peter S", "Kantoff, Philip W"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276929", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "TMPRSS2 is both the most frequently altered gene in primary prostate cancer and a critical factor enabling cellular infection by coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The modulation of its expression by sex steroids could contribute to the male predominance of severe infections, and given that TMPRSS2 has no known indispensable functions, and inhibitors are available, it is an appealing target for prevention or treatment of respiratory viral infections."}, {"pmid": 32339092, "title": "Decreased Influenza Incidence under COVID-19 Control Measures, Singapore.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Soo, Roy Jiunn Jye", "Chiew, Calvin J", "Ma, Stefan", "Pung, Rachael", "Lee, Vernon"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339092", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We compared indicators of influenza activity in 2020 before and after public health measures were taken to reduce coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with the corresponding indicators from 3 preceding years. Influenza activity declined substantially, suggesting that the measures taken for COVID-19 were effective in reducing spread of other viral respiratory diseases."}, {"pmid": 32410502, "title": "First comprehensive computational analysis of functional consequences of TMPRSS2 SNPs in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 among different populations.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Paniri, Alireza", "Hosseini, Mohammad Mahdi", "Akhavan-Niaki, Haleh"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410502", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current SARS-CoV-2 pandemy mortality created the hypothesis that some populations may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. TMPRSS2 encodes a transmembrane serine protease which plays a crucial role in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TMPRSS2 might influence SARS-CoV2 entry into the cell. This study aimed to investigate the impact of SNPs on TMPRSS2 function and structure. In silico tools such as Ensembl, Gtex, ExPASY 2, GEPIA, CCLE, KEGG and GO were engaged to characterize TMPRSS2 and its expression profile. The functional effects of SNPs were analyzed by PolyPhen-2, PROVEN, SNAP2, SIFT and HSF. Also, Phyre2, GOR IV and PSIPRED were used to predict the secondary structure of TMPRSS2. Moreover, post-translational modification (PTM) and secretory properties were analyzed through Modpredand Phobius, respectively. Finally, miRNA profiles were investigated by PolymiRTS and miRSNPs. Out of 11,184 retrieved SNPs from dbSNP, 92 showed a different frequency between Asians and other populations. Only 21 SNPs affected the function and structure of TMPRSS2 by influencing the protein folding, PTM, splicing and miRNA function. Particularly, rs12329760 may create a de novo pocket protein. rs875393 can create a donor site, silencer and broken enhancer motifs. rs12627374 affects a wide spectrum of miRNAs profile. This study highlighted the role of TMPRSS2 SNPs and epigenetic mechanisms especially non-coding RNAs in appearance of different susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 among different populations. Also, this study could pave the way to potential therapeutic implication of TMPRSS2 in designing antiviral drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32385483, "title": "COVID-19 Research in Brief: 2 May to 8 May, 2020.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Carvalho, Thiago"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385483", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354253, "title": "A New Video Tumorial by Young Cancer Patients Dedicated to COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown (Re: J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol. [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2020.0008).", "journal": "J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol", "authors": ["Ferrari, Andrea", "Silva, Matteo", "Pagani Bagliacca, Elena", "Veneroni, Laura", "Signoroni, Stefano", "Massimino, Maura"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354253", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the video tutorials created a few months ago and published in the Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, Milan's Youth Project young cancer patients decided to record another video: a \"special issue\" dedicated to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The video addresses critical issues of the social isolation imposed by the lockdown and the fear the patients face in addition to their actual worries related to the disease. When many people across the world are forced to social distance for the imposed lockdown, the positive attitude and the advice of young cancer patients who experience social isolation regularly may be of great support and a fine example."}, {"pmid": 32387786, "pmcid": "PMC7202815", "title": "Neurological Impact of Coronavirus Disease of 2019: Practical Considerations for the Neuroscience Community.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Werner, Cassidy", "Scullen, Tyler", "Mathkour, Mansour", "Zeoli, Tyler", "Beighley, Adam", "Kilgore, Mitchell D", "Carr, Christopher", "Zweifler, Richard M", "Aysenne, Aimee", "Maulucci, Christopher M", "Dumont, Aaron S", "Bui, Cuong J", "Keen, Joseph R"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387786", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has recently been designated a pandemic by the World Health Organization, affecting 2.7 million individuals globally as of April 25, 2020, with more than 187,000 deaths. An increasing body of evidence has supported central nervous system involvement. We conducted a review of the reported data for studies concerning COVID-19 pathophysiology, neurological manifestations, and neuroscience provider recommendations and guidelines. Central nervous system manifestations range from vague nonfocal complaints to severe neurological impairment associated with encephalitis. It is unclear whether the neurological dysfunction results from direct viral injury or systemic disease. The virus could affect brainstem pathways that lead to indirect respiratory dysfunction, in addition to direct pulmonary injury. Necessary adaptations in patient management, triage, and diagnosis are evolving in light of the ongoing scientific and clinical findings. The present review has consolidated the current body of data regarding the neurological impact of coronaviruses, discussed the reported neurological manifestations of COVID-19, and highlighted the recommendations for patient management. Specific recommendations pertaining to clinical practice for neurologists and neurosurgeons have also been provided."}, {"pmid": 32349850, "pmcid": "PMC7235296", "title": "Supporting families in end-of-life care and bereavement in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Moore, K J", "Sampson, E L", "Kupeli, N", "Davies, N"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496261, "title": "How Indians responded to the Arogya Setu app?", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Kodali, Prakash Babu", "Hense, Sibasis", "Kopparty, Swarajya", "Kalapala, Gangadhar Rao", "Haloi, Banashri"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496261", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The mHealth app Arogya Setu can substantially contribute to the containment and management of COVID-19. This study explores the experiences and expectations of Arogya Setu app users by conducting a combined content analysis of their reviews. Five hundred and three most relevant reviews were analyzed using the descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The reviews are primarily posted in the areas of user acceptance (80%), app usefulness (72.8%), and app features (62.2%). The thematic analysis resulted in four themes: user acceptance, app usefulness, promptness of the Indian Government in bringing the app on time, and concerns and cautions raised by the users. These help in strengthening the app features enabling the real-time data capture and analytics and providing timely information to authorities for better decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32345656, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Pain Medicine Fellowship Training.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Hagedorn, Jonathan M", "Moeschler, Susan", "Furnish, Timothy", "Sayed, Dawood", "Durbhakula, Shravani"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345656", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207807, "title": "Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus: Lessons From Previous Epidemics.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Swerdlow, David L", "Finelli, Lyn"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207807", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358203, "pmcid": "PMC7199908", "title": "Structural basis for inhibition of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from SARS-CoV-2 by remdesivir.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Yin, Wanchao", "Mao, Chunyou", "Luan, Xiaodong", "Shen, Dan-Dan", "Shen, Qingya", "Su, Haixia", "Wang, Xiaoxi", "Zhou, Fulai", "Zhao, Wenfeng", "Gao, Minqi", "Chang, Shenghai", "Xie, Yuan-Chao", "Tian, Guanghui", "Jiang, He-Wei", "Tao, Sheng-Ce", "Shen, Jingshan", "Jiang, Yi", "Jiang, Hualiang", "Xu, Yechun", "Zhang, Shuyang", "Zhang, Yan", "Xu, H Eric"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358203", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a global crisis. The replication of SARS-CoV-2 requires the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a target of the antiviral drug, Remdesivir. Here we report the cryo-EM structure of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp either in the apo form at 2.8 \u00c5 resolution or in complex with a 50-base template-primer RNA and Remdesivir at 2.5 \u00c5 resolution. The complex structure reveals that the partial double-stranded RNA template is inserted into the central channel of the RdRp where Remdesivir is covalently incorporated into the primer strand at the first replicated base pair and terminates chain elongation. Our structures provide critical insights into the mechanism of viral RNA replication and a rational template for drug design to combat the viral infection."}, {"pmid": 32515393, "title": "Long term complications and rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Dasgupta, Arundhati", "Kalhan, Atul", "Kalra, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515393", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 having caught the world almost unaware millions of people across the globe are presently grappling to deal with its acute effects . Our previous experience with members of the same corona virus family (SARS and MERS) which have caused two major epidemics in the past albeit of much lower magnitude , has taught us that the harmful effect of such outbreaks are not limited to acute complications alone .Long term cardiopulmonary, glucometabolic and neuropsychiatric complications have been documented following these infections .In the given circumstance it is therefore imperative to keep in mind the possible complications that may occur after the acute phase of the disease subsides and to prepare the healthcare system for such challenges."}, {"pmid": 32373134, "pmcid": "PMC7187924", "title": "Commentary: Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses.", "journal": "Front Immunol", "authors": ["Adachi, Shun", "Koma, Takaaki", "Doi, Naoya", "Nomaguchi, Masako", "Adachi, Akio"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373134", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473009, "title": "Age-dependent gender differences of COVID-19 in mainland China: comparative study.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qian, Jie", "Zhao, Lin", "Ye, Run-Ze", "Li, Xiu-Jun", "Liu, Yuan-Li"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473009", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is challenging global public health system. Sex-differences in infectious diseases are a common but neglected problem. We used the national surveillance database of COVID-19 in mainland China to compared gender differences in attack rate (AR), proportion of severe and critical cases (PSCC) and case fatality rate (CFR) in relation to age, affected province, and onset-to-diagnosis interval. The overall AR was significantly higher in female population than in males (63.9 versus 60.5 per million persons; P \u02c2 .001). By contrast, PSCC and CFR were significantly lower among female patients (16.9% and 4.0%) than among males (19.5% and 7.2%), with ORs of 0.87 and 0.57, respectively (both P \u02c2 .001). The female-to-male differences were age-dependent, which were significant among people aged 50-69 years for AR, and in the patients of 30-years or older for both PSCC and CFR (all P \u2264 .001). The AR, PSCC and CFR varied greatly from province to province. However, female-to-male differences in AR, PSCC and CFR were significant in the epicenter, Hubei province, where 82.2% confirmed cases and 97.4% deaths occurred. After adjusting for age, affected province and onset-to-diagnosis interval, the female-to-male difference in AR, PSCC and CFR remained significant in multivariate logistic regression analyses. We elucidate an age-dependent gender dimorphism for COVID-19, in which the females have higher susceptibility but lower severity and fatality. Further epidemiological and biological investigations are required to better understand the sex-specific differences for effective interventions."}, {"pmid": 32232837, "title": "Headaches Associated With Personal Protective Equipment - A Cross-Sectional Study Among Frontline Healthcare Workers During COVID-19.", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Ong, Jonathan J Y", "Bharatendu, Chandra", "Goh, Yihui", "Tang, Jonathan Z Y", "Sooi, Kenneth W X", "Tan, Yi Lin", "Tan, Benjamin Y Q", "Teoh, Hock-Luen", "Ong, Shi T", "Allen, David M", "Sharma, Vijay K"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232837", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease of pandemic proportions. Healthcare workers in Singapore working in high-risk areas were mandated to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) such as N95 face mask and protective eyewear while attending to patients. We sought to determine the risk factors associated with the development of de novo PPE-associated headaches as well as the perceived impact of these headaches on their personal health and work performance. The impact of COVID-19 on pre-existing headache disorders was also investigated. This is a cross-sectional study among healthcare workers at our tertiary institution who were working in high-risk hospital areas during COVID-19. All respondents completed a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 158 healthcare workers participated in the study. Majority [126/158 (77.8%)] were aged 21-35\u00a0years. Participants included nurses [102/158 (64.6%)], doctors [51/158 (32.3%)], and paramedical staff [5/158 (3.2%)]. Pre-existing primary headache diagnosis was present in about a third [46/158 (29.1%)] of respondents. Those based at the emergency department had higher average daily duration of combined PPE exposure compared to those working in isolation wards [7.0 (SD 2.2) vs 5.2 (SD 2.4) hours, P\u00a0<\u00a0.0001] or medical ICU [7.0 (SD 2.2) vs 2.2 (SD 0.41) hours, P\u00a0<\u00a0.0001]. Out of 158 respondents, 128 (81.0%) respondents developed de novo PPE-associated headaches. A pre-existing primary headache diagnosis (OR\u00a0=\u00a04.20, 95% CI 1.48-15.40; P\u00a0=\u00a0.030) and combined PPE usage for >4\u00a0hours per day (OR 3.91, 95% CI 1.35-11.31; P\u00a0=\u00a0.012) were independently associated with de novo PPE-associated headaches. Since COVID-19 outbreak, 42/46 (91.3%) of respondents with pre-existing headache diagnosis either \"agreed\" or \"strongly agreed\" that the increased PPE usage had affected the control of their background headaches, which affected their level of work performance. Most healthcare workers develop de novo PPE-associated headaches or exacerbation of their pre-existing headache disorders."}, {"pmid": 32401181, "title": "The Digital Exclusion of Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Seifert, Alexander"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401181", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487714, "title": "Cranial Neuropathies and COVID-19: Neurotropism and Autoimmunity.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Costello, Fiona", "Dalakas, Marinos C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487714", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or \"COVID-19\" global pandemic began in late 2019. Like its predecessors, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), COVID-19 binds to angiotension converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors to facilitate tissue invasion, and potentially gain entry into the nervous system.1 This single-stranded RNA virus shares 75-80% identical genome sequence with MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, but has increased virulence, persistence, and lethality.2 Amid catastrophic human suffering, severe neurological complications of COVID-19 have been identified; yet, subtle neurological manifestations have likely been under-reported."}, {"pmid": 32363205, "pmcid": "PMC7184112", "title": "Epidemiological features and medical care-seeking process of patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "ERJ Open Res", "authors": ["Hua, Jing", "Chen, Rongzhang", "Zhao, Liming", "Wu, Xiaodong", "Guo, Qian", "He, Chunfeng", "Li, Tian", "Ren, Xiaoyu", "Liu, Zhongmin", "Li, Qiang", "Wang, Feilong"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363205", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical features, and medical care-seeking process of patients with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, to provide useful information to contain COVID-19 in other places with similar outbreaks of the virus. We collected epidemiological and clinical information of patients with COVID-19 admitted to a makeshift Fangcang hospital between 7 and 26 February, 2020. The waiting time of each step during the medical care-seeking process was also analysed. Of the 205 patients with COVID-19 infection, 31% had presumed transmission from a family member. 10% of patients had hospital-related transmission. It took as long as a median of 6\u2005days from the first medical visit to receive the COVID-19 nucleic acid test and 10\u2005days from the first medical visit to hospital admission, indicating early recognition of COVID-19 was not achieved at the early stage of the outbreak, although these delays were shortened later. After clinical recovery from COVID-19, which took a mean of 21\u2005days from illness onset, there was still a substantial proportion of patients who had persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The diagnostic evaluation process of suspected patients needs to be accelerated at the epicentre of the outbreak and early isolation of infected patients in a healthcare setting rather than at home is urgently required to stop the spread of the virus. Clinical recovery is not an appropriate criterion to release isolated patients and as long as 4\u2005weeks' isolation for patients with COVID-19 is not enough to prevent the spread of the virus."}, {"pmid": 32267981, "pmcid": "PMC7262213", "title": "ISUOG Consensus Statement on rationalization of early-pregnancy care and provision of ultrasonography in context of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Bourne, T", "Kyriacou, C", "Coomarasamy, A", "Al-Memar, M", "Leonardi, M", "Kirk, E", "Landolfo, C", "Blanchette-Porter, M", "Small, R", "Condous, G", "Timmerman, D"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267981", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318986, "pmcid": "PMC7173684", "title": "Knowledge, Perceptions, and Attitude of Egyptians Towards the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Community Health", "authors": ["Abdelhafiz, Ahmed Samir", "Mohammed, Zeinab", "Ibrahim, Maha Emad", "Ziady, Hany H", "Alorabi, Mohamed", "Ayyad, Mohamed", "Sultan, Eman A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318986", "countries": ["Egypt"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recognized as a pandemic by the\u00a0World Health Organization. Global efforts have been exerted to prevent the spreading of the disease through political decisions together with personal behaviors, which depend on awareness of the public. The goal of this study is to assess the knowledge, perceptions and attitude of the Egyptian public towards the COVID-19 disease. We conducted a cross-sectional survey about these points, which was distributed among adult Egyptians. Five hundred and fifty nine persons completed the survey. The mean knowledge score was 16.39 out of 23, gained mainly though social media (66.9%), and the internet (58.3%). Knowledge was significantly lower among older, less educated, lower income participants, and rural residents. Most participants (86.9%) were concerned about the risk of infection. While 37.6% thought that their salary will be continued if they become isolated, 68.5% believed that it should be continued during this period. About 73.0% were looking forward to get the vaccine when available. In general, participants had a good knowledge about the disease and a positive attitude towards protective measures. This knowledge is gained mainly through novel media channels, which have pros and cons. Although the government has taken major steps to educate the public and limit the spread of the disease, more effort is needed to educate and support the lower economic strata. If a vaccine or a treatment is approved, we recommend a government control over its use to preserve the rights of the vulnerable and needy groups."}, {"pmid": 32085843, "pmcid": "PMC7128970", "title": "Mental health services for older adults in China during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Yang, Yuan", "Li, Wen", "Zhang, Qinge", "Zhang, Ling", "Cheung, Teris", "Xiang, Yu-Tao"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32085843", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386435, "pmcid": "PMC7272961", "title": "Urticarial eruption in coronavirus disease 2019 infection: a case report in Tangerang, Indonesia.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Gunawan, C", "Angela, A", "Widysanto, A"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386435", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425309, "pmcid": "PMC7229724", "title": "The Effect of Potential Therapeutic Agents on QT Interval in Patients with COVID-19 Infection: The Importance of Close Monitoring and Correction of Electrolytes.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Habibzadeh, Parham", "Moghadami, Mohsen", "Bagheri Lankarani, Kamran"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425309", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32407126, "title": "Prisons: Amplifiers of the COVID-19 Pandemic Hiding in Plain Sight.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Barnert, Elizabeth", "Ahalt, Cyrus", "Williams, Brie"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407126", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Georgia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413374, "pmcid": "PMC7215168", "title": "Development of passive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 for management of immunodeficient patients-a perspective.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Hammarstrom, Lennart", "Abolhassani, Hassan", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Marcotte, Harold", "Pan-Hammarstrom, Qiang"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413374", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239213, "pmcid": "PMC7184450", "title": "Critical health literacy and the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Health Promot Int", "authors": ["Abel, Thomas", "McQueen, David"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239213", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345544, "pmcid": "PMC7180368", "title": "The clinical manifestations and management of COVID-19-related liver injury.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Su, Tung-Hung", "Kao, Jia-Horng"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345544", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360581, "pmcid": "PMC7192107", "title": "Nitazoxanide/azithromycin combination for COVID-19: A suggested new protocol for early management.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Kelleni, Mina T"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360581", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Azithromycin has been shown to have a clinical efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; ivermectin has also demonstrated a remarkable experimental efficacy with a potential to be used for Coronavirus disease 2019. Further, BCG vaccination is being considered for clinical trials aiming to test its potential for lowering COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. This article illustrates some structural and functional relationships that may gather these drugs and the author, basing on a combined pathophysiological and pharmacological approach, recommends the FDA-approved antidiarrhea drug; nitazoxanide, which has been previously suggested but unfortunately widely ignored, to be tested in combination with azithromycin for their potential activity against SARS CoV-2, soonest. The author also recommends testing their combined administration as early during the clinical course of COVID-19 as possible. Further, basing on the same represented concept, the author suggests more trials for interferons to be tested against SARS CoV-2, especially in severe and critical COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32138488, "title": "The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak - A Global Threat.", "journal": "J Assoc Physicians India", "authors": ["Khot, Wasim Yunus", "Nadkar, Milind Y"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32138488", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 Novel Corona virus infection (COVID 19) is an ongoing public health emergency of international significance. There are significant knowledge gaps in the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, investigation tools and management. In this article, we review the available evidence about this disease. Every decade has witnessed the evolution of a new coronavirus epidemic since the last three decades. The varying transmission patterns, namely, nosocomial transmission and spread through mildly symptomatic cases is an area of concern. There is a spectrum of clinical features from mild to severe life threatening disease with major complications like severe pneumonia, ARDS, acute cardiac injury and septic shock. Presence of bilateral ground glass opacity and consolidation on imaging in appropriate clinical background should raise a suspicion about COVID 19. Poor prognostic factors include Multilobular infiltration on chest imaging, Lymphopenia, Bacterial co-infection, Smoking history, Chronic medical conditions like Hypertension and age >60 years (MuLBSTA score). Diagnosis is confirmed with PCR based testing of appropriate respiratory samples. Management is primarily supportive, with newer antivirals (lopinavir ritonavir and Remdesivir) under investigation. Role of steroids is still inconclusive. Standard infection control and prevention techniques should be followed. Vigilant screening of suspected cases and their contacts is important. Isolation of symptomatic cases and home quarantine of asymptomatic contacts is recommended. To conclude, controlling this highly transmissible disease requires international co-ordination."}, {"pmid": 32347618, "pmcid": "PMC7235476", "title": "Which dermatology patients attend to Dermatology Outpatient Clinics during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Turkey and what happened to them?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Cengiz, Fatma Pelin", "Emiroglu, Nazan", "Bahali, Anil Gulsel", "Dizman, Didem", "Taslidere, Nazan", "Akarslan, Tahsin Cagdas", "Gunes, Begum", "Mert, Omer", "Kucuk, Ozlem Su", "Onsun, Nahide"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347618", "countries": ["China", "Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease, first emerged in Wuhan, rapidly spread all over the world since December 2019. There are concerns about elective dermatology appointments and its results. Herein, we aimed to find out which type of dermatologic patients attended to dermatology outpatient clinic. The patients visiting the clinics for elective dermatologic diseases between March 11 and 18, 2020, were included in this study. Their age, sex, diagnosis of disease, requirement for emergent intervention, and their medical records about COVID-19 were obtained. There were 390 patients attending to the dermatology outpatient clinic in this period. The most common disease was acne (N: 94, 24%), only 19% of patients need emergent interventions or dose adjustment. There were 40 (10%) patients over the age of 65. After their visits, five patients were diagnosed as COVID-19 in 2weeks. Dermatologic examinations may be a vector for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission since being closed to the patient. Five of our patients were diagnosed as COVID-19 after their elective visit to hospital. Since the asymptomatic course of some young patients, most of our patients were not screened for COVID-19. Our findings support the concerns of elective physician examinations."}, {"pmid": 32400301, "title": "Let's not forget endometriosis and infertility amid the covid-19 crisis.", "journal": "J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol", "authors": ["Rowe, Heather", "Quinlivan, Julie"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400301", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303609, "pmcid": "PMC7211083", "title": "COVID-19 and immunomodulation in IBD.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Neurath, Markus F"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303609", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus pandemic is an ongoing global health crisis due to COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Although COVID-19 leads to little or mild flu-like symptoms in the majority of affected patients, the disease may cause severe, frequently lethal complications such as progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ failure driven by hyperinflammation and a cytokine storm syndrome. This situation causes various major challenges for gastroenterology. In the context of IBD, several key questions arise. For instance, it is an important question to understand whether patients with IBD (eg, due to intestinal ACE2 expression) might be particularly susceptible to COVID-19 and the cytokine release syndrome associated with lung injury and fatal outcomes. Another highly relevant question is how to deal with immunosuppression and immunomodulation during the current pandemic in patients with IBD and whether immunosuppression affects the progress of COVID-19. Here, the current understanding of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is reviewed with special reference to immune cell activation. Moreover, the potential implications of these new insights for immunomodulation and biological therapy in IBD are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32399950, "pmcid": "PMC7216127", "title": "Early Guillain-Barre syndrome in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a case report from an Italian COVID-hospital.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Ottaviani, Donatella", "Boso, Federica", "Tranquillini, Enzo", "Gapeni, Ilaria", "Pedrotti, Giovanni", "Cozzio, Susanna", "Guarrera, Giovanni M", "Giometto, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399950", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) is an acute polyradiculoneuropathy associated with dysimmune processes, often related to a previous infectious exposure. During Italian severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 outbreak, a woman presented with a rapidly progressive flaccid paralysis with unilateral facial neuropathy after a few days of mild respiratory symptoms. Coronavirus was detected by nasopharyngeal swab, but there was no evidence of its presence in her cerebrospinal fluid, which confirmed the typical albumin-cytological dissociation of GBS, along with consistent neurophysiological data. Despite immunoglobulin infusions and intensive supportive care, her clinical picture worsened simultaneously both from the respiratory and neurological point of view, as if reflecting different aspects of the same systemic inflammatory response. Similar early complications have already been observed in patients with para-infectious GBS related to Zika virus, but pathological mechanisms have yet to be established."}, {"pmid": 32519743, "title": "Reduction in effective reproduction number of COVID-19 is higher in countries employing active case detection with prompt isolation.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Wilasang, Chaiwat", "Sararat, Chayanin", "Jitsuk, Natcha C", "Yolai, Noppamas", "Thammawijaya, Panithee", "Auewarakul, Prasert", "Modchang, Charin"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519743", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Countries that implemented liberal testing with active case finding and prompt isolation, combined with contact tracing and quarantine, were more successful in reducing the reproduction number compared to countries that primarily relied on social distancing and lockdown measures."}, {"pmid": 32472558, "title": "Xenotransplantation literature update, March/April 2020.", "journal": "Xenotransplantation", "authors": ["Li, Xiaohang", "Burlak, Christopher"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472558", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207769, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Influenza 2019-2020.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Livingston, Edward", "Bucher, Karen", "Rekito, Andrew"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207769", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324841, "title": "Physically Active Lifestyle as an Approach to Confronting COVID-19.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Ferreira, Maycon Junior", "Irigoyen, Maria Claudia", "Consolim-Colombo, Fernanda", "Saraiva, Jose Francisco Kerr", "Angelis, Katia De"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324841", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387509, "pmcid": "PMC7201235", "title": "Google Trends reveals: Focus of interest in the population is on treatment options rather than theories about COVID-19 animal origin.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Springer, Steffen", "Menzel, Lisa M", "Zieger, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387509", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404491, "title": "Clinical and health policy challenges in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Singer, Donald"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404491", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251512, "pmcid": "PMC7146593", "title": "COVID-19: Peer Support and Crisis Communication Strategies to Promote Institutional Resilience.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Wu, Albert W", "Connors, Cheryl", "Everly, George S Jr"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251512", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320082, "title": "Co-detection of respiratory pathogens in patients hospitalized with Coronavirus viral disease-2019 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Blasco, Maria Luisa", "Buesa, Javier", "Colomina, Javier", "Forner, Maria Jose", "Galindo, Maria Jose", "Navarro, Jorge", "Noceda, Jose", "Redon, Josep", "Signes-Costa, Jaime", "Navarro, David"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320082", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247518, "pmcid": "PMC7270810", "title": "COVID-19 and Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine: is there Ophthalmological Concern?", "journal": "Am J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Marmor, Michael F"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247518", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424481, "pmcid": "PMC7232601", "title": "Stages or phenotypes? A critical look at COVID-19 pathophysiology.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Jain, Amit", "Doyle, D John"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424481", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275740, "pmcid": "PMC7243146", "title": "ILROG emergency guidelines for radiation therapy of hematological malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Blood", "authors": ["Yahalom, Joachim", "Dabaja, Bouthaina Shbib", "Ricardi, Umberto", "Ng, Andrea", "Mikhaeel, N George", "Vogelius, Ivan R", "Illidge, Tim", "Qi, Shunan", "Wirth, Andrew", "Specht, Lena"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275740", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group (ILROG) guidelines for using radiation therapy (RT) in hematological malignancies are widely used in many countries. The emergency situation created by the COVID-19 pandemic may result in limitations of treatment resources. Furthermore, in recognition of the need to also reduce the exposure of patients and staff to potential infection with COVID-19, the ILROG task force has made recommendations for alternative radiation treatment schemes. The emphasis is on maintaining clinical efficacy and safety by increasing the dose per fraction while reducing the number of daily treatments. The guidance is informed by adhering to acceptable radiobiological parameters and clinical tolerability. The options for delaying or omitting RT in some hematological categories are also discussed."}, {"pmid": 32061202, "title": "[Suggestions from ophthalmic experts on eye protection during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061202", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409878, "pmcid": "PMC7221232", "title": "[COVID-19 guidelines for the prioritization of operations for malignant thoracic diseases].", "journal": "Chirurg", "authors": ["Hekmat, Khosro", "Bruns, Christiane J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32111449, "pmcid": "PMC7102546", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Taiwan: Reports of two cases from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Huang, Wei-Hsuan", "Teng, Ling-Chiao", "Yeh, Ting-Kuang", "Chen, Yu-Jen", "Lo, Wei-Jung", "Wu, Ming-Ju", "Chin, Chun-Shih", "Tsan, Yu-Tse", "Lin, Tzu-Chieh", "Chai, Jyh-Wen", "Lin, Chin-Fu", "Tseng, Chien-Hao", "Liu, Chia-Wei", "Wu, Chi-Mei", "Chen, Po-Yen", "Shi, Zhi-Yuan", "Liu, Po-Yu"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32111449", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We reported two cases with community-acquired pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who returned from Wuhan, China in January, 2020. The reported cases highlight non-specific clinical presentations of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as well as the importance of rapid laboratory-based diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32308258, "pmcid": "PMC7156225", "title": "Analysis and forecast of COVID-19 spreading in China, Italy and France.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Fanelli, Duccio", "Piazza, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308258", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "France"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this note we analyze the temporal dynamics of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China, Italy and France in the time window \n                        \n                            22\n                            /\n                            01\n                            -\n                            15\n                            /\n                            03\n                            /\n                            2020\n                        \n                     . A first analysis of simple day-lag maps points to some universality in the epidemic spreading, suggesting that simple mean-field models can be meaningfully used to gather a quantitative picture of the epidemic spreading, and notably the height and time of the peak of confirmed infected individuals. The analysis of the same data within a simple susceptible-infected-recovered-deaths model indicates that the kinetic parameter that describes the rate of recovery seems to be the same, irrespective of the country, while the infection and death rates appear to be more variable. The model places the peak in Italy around March 21st 2020, with a peak number of infected individuals of about 26000 (not including recovered and dead) and a number of deaths at the end of the epidemics of about 18,000. Since the confirmed cases are believed to be between 10 and 20% of the real number of individuals who eventually get infected, the apparent mortality rate of COVID-19 falls between 4% and 8% in Italy, while it appears substantially lower, between 1% and 3% in China. Based on our calculations, we estimate that 2500 ventilation units should represent a fair figure for the peak requirement to be considered by health authorities in Italy for their strategic planning. Finally, a simulation of the effects of drastic containment measures on the outbreak in Italy indicates that a reduction of the infection rate indeed causes a quench of the epidemic peak. However, it is also seen that the infection rate needs to be cut down drastically and quickly to observe an appreciable decrease of the epidemic peak and mortality rate. This appears only possible through a concerted and disciplined, albeit painful, effort of the population as a whole."}, {"pmid": 32298415, "pmcid": "PMC7184418", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak in Italy: protecting worker health and the response of the Italian Industrial Hygienists Association.", "journal": "Ann Work Expo Health", "authors": ["Spinazze, Andrea", "Cattaneo, Andrea", "Cavallo, Domenico M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298415", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome - coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), i.e. the virus causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is dramatically increasing worldwide to the size of a pandemic. At the time of writing Italy is ranking first among countries both in terms of number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and in terms of number of deaths. Such a wide spread of COVID-19 has led to concern among workers who are facing the risk of becoming infected during the execution of their duties. We believe it is useful to remark on the need for professional expertise in the field of Occupational Hygiene in this emergency context, in which the indications provided by national and international bodies, the available scientific literature and the legal provisions are constantly and rapidly evolving. It is of fundamental importance that there is an effective analysis of expert inputs, to provide essential guidance to Health, Safety and Environmental managers and other prevention managers in workplaces. In this regard, not only a constant update of the regulatory framework is needed, but also a development and circulation of operational guidance to all the stakeholders to translate general indications into clear operating procedures and implementation tools to be adopted in the workplaces. We believe that the scientific associations in the field of Occupational Hygiene play a crucial role in guiding and assisting prevention professionals. There is considerable expertise in the occupational hygiene and exposure science communities that can help employers and workers to contain and delay the spread of Covid-19. For this reason, the Italian Association of Industrial Hygienists (AIDII - Associazione Italiana degli Igienisti Industriali) published documents containing operational guidelines to provide correct and constantly updated information for: (1) workers employed in essential activities (with low and medium risk of contagion), (2) health workers and other workers at high or very high risk of contagion, and (3) for the correct use and handling of personal protective equipment (PPE) for workers and for the population in general. It is worth pointing out that the documents produced are not intended to replace those produced by authoritative bodies, but to comply with and complete them by reporting an effective summary and further indications about the measures that should be taken in practice under the light of the Italian legislation. At present, the challenge is to produce scientifically-sound knowledge, appropriate tools and effective methodologies, by coordinating the initiatives of different scientific associations, with the final aim to effectively transfer them to employers and workers."}, {"pmid": 32312571, "pmcid": "PMC7151238", "title": "Emergency tracheal intubation in 202 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: lessons learnt and international expert recommendations.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Yao, Wenlong", "Wang, Tingting", "Jiang, Bailing", "Gao, Feng", "Wang, Li", "Zheng, Hongbo", "Xiao, Weimin", "Yao, Shanglong", "Mei, Wei", "Chen, Xiangdong", "Luo, Ailin", "Sun, Liang", "Cook, Tim", "Behringer, Elizabeth", "Huitink, Johannes M", "Wong, David T", "Lane-Fall, Meghan", "McNarry, Alistair F", "McGuire, Barry", "Higgs, Andrew", "Shah, Amit", "Patel, Anil", "Zuo, Mingzhang", "Ma, Wuhua", "Xue, Zhanggang", "Zhang, Li-Ming", "Li, Wenxian", "Wang, Yong", "Hagberg, Carin", "O'Sullivan, Ellen P", "Fleisher, Lee A", "Wei, Huafeng"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312571", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tracheal intubation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients creates a risk to physiologically compromised patients and to attending healthcare providers. Clinical information on airway management and expert recommendations in these patients are urgently needed. By analysing a two-centre retrospective observational case series from Wuhan, China, a panel of international airway management experts discussed the results and formulated consensus recommendations for the management of tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients. Of 202 COVID-19 patients undergoing emergency tracheal intubation, most were males (n=136; 67.3%) and aged 65 yr or more (n=128; 63.4%). Most patients (n=152; 75.2%) were hypoxaemic (Sao2 <90%) before intubation. Personal protective equipment was worn by all intubating healthcare workers. Rapid sequence induction (RSI) or modified RSI was used with an intubation success rate of 89.1% on the first attempt and 100% overall. Hypoxaemia (Sao2 <90%) was common during intubation (n=148; 73.3%). Hypotension (arterial pressure <90/60 mm Hg) occurred in 36 (17.8%) patients during and 45 (22.3%) after intubation with cardiac arrest in four (2.0%). Pneumothorax occurred in 12 (5.9%) patients and death within 24 h in 21 (10.4%). Up to 14 days post-procedure, there was no evidence of cross infection in the anaesthesiologists who intubated the COVID-19 patients. Based on clinical information and expert recommendation, we propose detailed planning, strategy, and methods for tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32283294, "pmcid": "PMC7146652", "title": "Encephalitis as a clinical manifestation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Ye, Mingxiang", "Ren, Yi", "Lv, Tangfeng"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283294", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426320, "pmcid": "PMC7204940", "title": "Coronavirus Disease-2019: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Health Care Workers at Makerere University Teaching Hospitals, Uganda.", "journal": "Front Public Health", "authors": ["Olum, Ronald", "Chekwech, Gaudencia", "Wekha, Godfrey", "Nassozi, Dianah Rhoda", "Bongomin, Felix"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426320", "countries": ["Uganda"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging public health problem threatening the life of over 2.4 million people globally. The present study sought to determine knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of health care workers (HCWs) toward COVID-19 in Makerere University Teaching Hospitals (MUTHs) in Uganda. Methods: An online cross sectional, descriptive study was undertaken through WhatsApp Messenger among HCWs in four MUTHs. HCWs aged 18 years and above constituted the study population. KAP toward COVID-19 was assessed by using a pre-validated questionnaire. Bloom's cut-off of 80% was used to determine sufficient knowledge (\u226580%), positive attitude (\u22654), and good practice (\u22652.4). All analyses were performed using STATA 15.1 and GraphPad Prism 8.3. Results: Of the 581 HCWs approached, 136 (23%) responded. A vast majority of the participants were male (n = 87, n = 64%), with a median age of 32 (range: 20-66) years. Eighty-four (62%) were medical doctors and 125 (92%) had at least a bachelor's degree. Overall, 69% (n = 94) had sufficient knowledge, 21% (n = 29) had positive attitude, and 74% (n = 101) had good practices toward COVID-19. Factors associated with knowledge were age >40 years (aOR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-1.0; p = 0.047) and news media (aOR: 4.8; 95% CI: 1.4-17.0; p = 0.015). Factors associated with good practices were age 40 years or more (aOR: 48.4; 95% CI: 3.1-742.9; p = 0.005) and holding a diploma (aOR: 18.4; 95% CI: 1-322.9; p = 0.046). Conclusions: Continued professional education is advised among HCWs in Uganda to improve knowledge of HCWs hence averting negative attitudes and promoting positive preventive and therapeutic practices. We recommend follow up studies involving teaching and non-teaching hospitals across the country."}, {"pmid": 32336803, "pmcid": "PMC7174816", "title": "[Projecting the Spread of COVID-19 for Germany].", "journal": "Wirtschaftsdienst", "authors": ["Donsimoni, Jean Roch", "Glawion, Rene", "Plachter, Bodo", "Walde, Klaus"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336803", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The authors model the evolution of the number of confi rmed cases of COVID-19 in Germany. Their theoretical framework builds on a continuous time Markov chain with four physical states: healthy, sick, recovered or asymptomatic infected, and dead. Their quantitative solution matches the number of sick individuals based on the most recent fi gures with the share of sick individuals following from infection rates and sickness probabilities. They employ this framework to study the expected peak of the number of sick individuals in a scenario without public regulation of social contacts. They also study the impact of public regulations. For all scenarios, they report the expected end of the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32216550, "title": "Geriatric Care during Public Health Emergencies: Lessons Learned from Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Mazumder, Hoimonty", "Hossain, Md Mahbub", "Das, Anupom"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216550", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Geriatric care in public health emergencies is a serious concern, while, high case-fatalities among older adults across the globe in COVID-19 pandemic implies lack of preparedness. Most of the countries irrespective of developing and developed one enormously struggling because of an inchoate response system ignorant of geriatric health needs. Therefore, a robust approach is highly essential that requires an integrated emergency preparedness by addressing geriatric care."}, {"pmid": 32489523, "pmcid": "PMC7241533", "title": "Screening for consequences of trauma - an update on the global collaboration on traumatic stress.", "journal": "Eur J Psychotraumatol", "authors": ["Olff, Miranda", "Bakker, Anne", "Frewen, Paul", "Aakvaag, Helene", "Ajdukovic, Dean", "Brewer, Douglas", "Elmore Borbon, Diane L", "Cloitre, Marylene", "Hyland, Philip", "Kassam-Adams, Nancy", "Knefel, Matthias", "Lanza, Juliana A", "Lueger-Schuster, Brigitte", "Nickerson, Angela", "Oe, Misari", "Pfaltz, Monique C", "Salgado, Carolina", "Seedat, Soraya", "Wagner, Anne", "Schnyder, Ulrich"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489523", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This letter provides an update on the activities of \"The Global Collaboration on Traumatic Stress\" (GC-TS) as first described by Schnyder et al. in 2017. It presents in further detail the projects of the first theme, in particular the development of and initial data on the Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS), a brief instrument designed to screen for the wide range of potential outcomes of trauma. English language data and ongoing studies in several languages provide a first indication that the GPS is a feasible, reliable and valid tool, a tool that may be very useful in the current pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Further multi-language and cross-cultural validation is needed. Since the start of the GC-TS, new themes have been introduced to focus on in the coming years: a) Forcibly displaced persons, b) Global prevalence of stress and trauma related disorders, c) Socio-emotional development across cultures, and d) Collaborating to make traumatic stress research data \"FAIR\". The most recent theme added is that of Global crises, currently focusing on COVID-19-related projects."}, {"pmid": 32498741, "title": "The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 pandemic in Dentistry.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Vergara-Buenaventura, Andrea", "Chavez-Tunon, Mariella", "Castro-Ruiz, Carmen"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498741", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), strict isolation strategies to limit virus transmission have been applied worldwide. The lockdown has affected and challenged different medical areas. Doctors, nurses, dentists, and other healthcare workers (HCW) are concerned about contagion, not only for themselves but also for their families and colleagues. Furthermore, the oral mucosa has been accepted as a high-risk route of transmission of COVID-19. In many countries, dentists have been forced to stop working during quarantine until further notification. Isolation and its financial impact have produced physical and psychological pressure, depression, social anxiety, or other mental health concerns.This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the consequences of past epidemics on mental health and to assess possible aspects that might be associated with mental implications in dentists during COVID -19 pandemic. Finally, some concrete actions to avoid subsequent potential consequences are recommended."}, {"pmid": 32407967, "pmcid": "PMC7214300", "title": "COVID-19: an overview of worldwide recommendations for management of patients with liver diseases or liver transplantation.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Perazzo, Hugo", "Piedade, Juliana", "Castro, Rodolfo", "Pinto, Laura", "Veloso, Valdilea G", "Grinsztejn, Beatriz", "Pereira, Gustavo", "Fernandes, Flavia F"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407967", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473021, "title": "Performance of SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays in different stages of the infection: Comparison of commercial ELISA and rapid tests.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Traugott, M", "Aberle, S W", "Aberle, J H", "Griebler, H", "Karolyi, M", "Pawelka, E", "Puchhammer-Stockl, E", "Zoufaly, A", "Weseslindtner, L"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473021", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We comparatively assessed sensitivities and specificities of four commercial ELISAs and two rapid tests in 77 patients with PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, grouped by intervals since symptom onset. While test sensitivities were low (<40%) within the first 5 days post disease onset, IgM-, IgA- and total antibody-ELISAs increased in sensitivity to >80% between the 6th and 10th day post symptom onset. The evaluated tests (including IgG and rapid tests) provided positive results in all patients at or after the 11th day post onset of disease. Specificities of the ELISAs were 83% (IgA), 98% (IgG) and 97% (IgM and total antibodies)."}, {"pmid": 32198915, "title": "[When COVID-19 encounters interstitial lung disease: challenges and management].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ren, Y H", "Wang, S Y", "Liu, M", "Guo, Y M", "Dai, H P"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198915", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new type of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, and spread rapidly to China and over 100 countries around the world. The lung injury and repair caused by COVID-19 has many similarities with the onset and progression of interstitial lung disease (ILD) . Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish between COVID-19 and some types of new-onset ILD or other causes leading to acute exacerbation of ILD. Clinicians need to comprehensively analyze the epidemic history, disease onset characteristics, clinical manifestations, image characteristics, serological andpathogenic microorganism test results to confirm diagnosis. Because of this, the article will discuss the issues related to the differential diagnosis and management of COVID-19 and ILD, and try to provide reasonable suggestions."}, {"pmid": 32417709, "pmcid": "PMC7215143", "title": "Mechanism of inflammatory response in associated comorbidities in COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["de Lucena, Thays Maria Costa", "da Silva Santos, Ariane Fernandes", "de Lima, Brenda Regina", "de Albuquerque Borborema, Maria Eduarda", "de Azevedo Silva, Jaqueline"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417709", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causes a respiratory disease and individuals with pre-existing cardiometabolic disorders display worse prognosis through the infection course. The aim of this minireview is to present epidemiological data related to metabolic comorbidities in association with the SARS-CoV-2. This is a narrative mini-review with Pubmed search until April 23, 2020 using the keywords COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, treatment of coronavirus and following terms: diabetes mellitus, obesity, arterial hypertension, ACE-inhibitors, cytokine storm, immune response and vitamin D. Studies indicate that obese individuals are more likely to develop infections, and that adipose tissue serves as a pathogen reservoir. In diabetic individuals higher rate of inflammatory processes is seen due to constant glucose recognition by C type lectin receptors. Hypertensive individuals, usually grouped with other conditions, are treated with drugs to reduce blood pressure mostly through ACEi and ARB, that leads to increased ACE2 expression, used by SARS-CoV-2 for human's cell entry. Until now, the studies have shown that individuals with those conditions and affected by COVID-19 present an uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an unbalanced immune response, leading to the cytokine storm phenomenon. Vitamin D is highlighted as a potential therapeutic target, because in addition to acting on the immune system, it plays an important role in the control of cardiometabolic diseases. Currently, since there is no proven and effective antiviral therapy for SARS-CoV-2, the efforts should focus on controlling inflammatory response and reduce the risks of associated complications."}, {"pmid": 32459175, "pmcid": "PMC7253171", "title": "Struggling to get started.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Tay, Andy"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459175", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world attempts to cope with the devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers about to start PhDs and postdocs face particular challenges."}, {"pmid": 32367765, "pmcid": "PMC7212543", "title": "Prediction of severe illness due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of initial Fibrinogen to Albumin Ratio and Platelet count.", "journal": "Platelets", "authors": ["Bi, Xiaojie", "Su, Zhengxian", "Yan, Haixi", "Du, Juping", "Wang, Jing", "Chen, Linping", "Peng, Minfei", "Chen, Shiyong", "Shen, Bo", "Li, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367765", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Concomitant coagulation disorder can occur in severe patients withCOVID-19, but in-depth studies are limited. This study aimed to describe the parameters of coagulation function of patients with COVID-19 and reveal the risk factors of developing severe disease. This study retrospectively analyzed 113patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Taizhou Public Health Center. Clinical characteristics and indexes of coagulation function were collected. A multivariate Cox analysis was performed to identify potential biomarkers for predicting disease progression. Based on the results of multivariate Cox analysis, a Nomogram was built and the predictive accuracy was evaluated through the calibration curve, decision curve, clinical impact curve, and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values were calculated to assess the clinical value. The data showed that Fibrinogen, FAR, and D-dimer were higher in the severe patients, while PLTcount, Alb were much lower. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that FAR and PLT count were independent risk factors for disease progression. The optimal cutoff values for FAR and PLT count were 0.0883 and 135*109/L, respectively. The C-index [0.712 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.610-0.814)], decision curve, clinical impact curve showed that Nomogram could be used to predict the disease progression. In addition, the Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that potential risk decreased in patients with FAR<0.0883 and PLT count>135*109/L.The model showed a good negative predictive value [(0.9474 (95%CI\u00a0=\u00a00.845-0.986)].This study revealed that FAR and PLT count were independent risk factors for severe illness and the severity of COVID-19 might be excluded when FAR<0.0883 and PLT count>135*109/L."}, {"pmid": 32327306, "pmcid": "PMC7167553", "title": "New paths for sustainable solutions to tackle global and emerging infectious threats.", "journal": "Biologicals", "authors": ["Holm, Anja"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the dramatic background of a newly emerged virus (SARS-CoV-2) spreading around the world, Coronavirus and other infectious health threats for the human and animal populations were illustrated and debated in excellent presentations at the IABS meeting 26-28 of February 2020. Historical evidence of pandemics and lessons learned from recent epidemics or epizootics caused by many pathogens (e.g., Ebola, Zika, and African Swine Fever viruses) illustrated the overarching need for close international cooperation. New and old technologies in vaccine development and their use were presented, resulting in a call for greater interaction between the human and the veterinary fields in order to leverage the expertise and knowledge in both human and animal medicine. The One Health concept was also emphasized for eliminating the 59,000 fatal human rabies cases annually attributed to unvaccinated dogs. For preventable, infectious diseases commonly spreading in the poorer regions of the world, a new regulatory approach and governance structure was called for to give access to affordable vaccines. Vaccines were touted as one of the most successful health invention ever introduced; on a similar level to health improvements due to clean water."}, {"pmid": 32297843, "pmcid": "PMC7249453", "title": "Oligonucleotides and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perspective.", "journal": "Nucleic Acid Ther", "authors": ["Rossi, John J", "Rossi, Daniel"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297843", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present global health emergency involving the emergence and rapid spread of a novel coronavirus has prompted the world scientific community to consider how it can help to fight this growing viral pandemic. With few safe and effective drugs available to combat this threat to humanity and the normal functioning of our society, the oligonucleotide research community is uniquely positioned to apply its technology and expertise to help alleviate the crisis, thanks to its capacity for rational drug design, swift development cycles, and pursuing targets undruggable by conventional treatment strategies."}, {"pmid": 32305937, "title": "Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Imaging Data Acquisition, Segmentation and Diagnosis for COVID-19.", "journal": "IEEE Rev Biomed Eng", "authors": ["Shi, Feng", "Wang, Jun", "Shi, Jun", "Wu, Ziyan", "Wang, Qian", "Tang, Zhenyu", "He, Kelei", "Shi, Yinghuan", "Shen, Dinggang"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305937", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading all over the world. Medical imaging such as X-ray and computed tomography (CT) plays an essential role in the global fight against COVID-19, whereas the recently emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies further strengthen the power of the imaging tools and help medical specialists. We hereby review the rapid responses in the community of medical imaging (empowered by AI) toward COVID-19. For example, AI-empowered image acquisition can significantly help automate the scanning procedure and also reshape the workflow with minimal contact to patients, providing the best protection to the imaging technicians. Also, AI can improve work efficiency by accurate delineation of infections in X-ray and CT images, facilitating subsequent quantification. Moreover, the computer-aided platforms help radiologists make clinical decisions, i.e., for disease diagnosis, tracking, and prognosis. In this review paper, we thus cover the entire pipeline of medical imaging and analysis techniques involved with COVID-19, including image acquisition, segmentation, diagnosis, and follow-up. We particularly focus on the integration of AI with X-ray and CT, both of which are widely used in the frontline hospitals, in order to depict the latest progress of medical imaging and radiology fighting against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32330477, "pmcid": "PMC7194905", "title": "Characteristics and prognosis of patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the Basque Country (Spain).", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Lago, Iago", "Ramirez de la Piscina, Patricia", "Elorza, Ainara", "Merino, Olga", "Ortiz de Zarate, Jone", "Cabriada, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330477", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232432, "pmcid": "PMC7184334", "title": "Balancing health privacy, health information exchange, and research in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Lenert, Leslie", "McSwain, Brooke Yeager"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232432", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 infection poses serious challenges to the healthcare system that are being addressed through the creation of new unique and advanced systems of care with disjointed care processes (eg, telehealth screening, drive-through specimen collection, remote testing, telehealth management). However, our current regulations on the flows of information for clinical care and research are antiquated and often conflict at the state and federal levels. We discuss proposed changes to privacy regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act designed to let health information seamlessly and frictionlessly flow among the health entities that need to collaborate on treatment of patients and, also, allow it to flow to researchers trying to understand how to limit its impacts."}, {"pmid": 32408869, "pmcid": "PMC7224123", "title": "Prioritising access to pandemic influenza vaccine: a review of the ethics literature.", "journal": "BMC Med Ethics", "authors": ["Williams, Jane H", "Dawson, Angus"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408869", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is threatened by future pandemics. Vaccines can play a key role in preventing harm, but there will inevitably be shortages because there is no possibility of advance stockpiling. We therefore need some method of prioritising access. This paper reports a critical interpretative review of the published literature that discusses ethical arguments used to justify how we could prioritise vaccine during an influenza pandemic. We found that the focus of the literature was often on proposing different groups as priorities (e.g. those with pre-existing health conditions, the young, the old, health care workers etc.). Different reasons were often suggested as a means of justifying such priority groupings (e.g. appeal to best overall outcomes, fairness, belonging to a vulnerable or 'at risk' group etc.). We suggest that much of the literature, wrongly, assumes that we are able to plan priority groups prior to the time of a particular pandemic and development of a particular vaccine. We also point out the surprising absence of various issues from the literature (e.g. how vaccines fit within overall pandemic planning, a lack of specificity about place, issues of global justice etc.). The literature proposes a wide range of ways to prioritise vaccines, focusing on different groups and 'principles'. Any plan to use pandemic vaccine must provide justifications for its prioritisation. The focus of this review was influenza pandemic vaccines, but lessons can be learnt for future allocations of coronavirus vaccine, if one becomes available."}, {"pmid": 32496264, "title": "Concerns of Frontline Doctors in India during COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Survey.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Singh, Harshvardhan", "Sharma, Shailja"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496264", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A rapid cross-sectional survey was conducted across India among frontline allopathic doctors to know their prime concerns. Four hundred and five responses were received from 16 states and 3 union territories. Among doctors working in COVID-dedicated hospitals, 56.18% are formally trained for the same, and 40.5% of these are satisfied with the training. 47.3% of these have personal protective equipment (PPE) kits, 35.1% have no PPE kits, and 17.6% are not aware of their availability. 31.1% of doctors reported attending to COVID suspects without PPE. 58.1% of institutions have a dedicated task force, 20.3% do not, whereas 21.6% of doctors are not aware of such a task force. Only 21.6% of the participants consider their institution to be fully prepared for COVID. After performing COVID duties, 45.9% are being provided with an alternative place of stay, whereas only 16.2% have been quarantined. In non-COVID institutions, 82.4% of doctors are using protective gear, of these 35.2% procured them on their own."}, {"pmid": 32439820, "title": "Initial experiences of US neurologists in practice during the COVID-19 pandemic via survey.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Sharma, Akanksha", "Maxwell, Christina R", "Farmer, Jill", "Greene-Chandos, Diana", "LaFaver, Kathrin", "Benameur, Karima"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439820", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused widespread disease and death. Rapid increases in patient volumes have exposed weaknesses in healthcare systems and challenged our ability to provide optimal patient care and adequate safety measures to healthcare workers (HCWs). To test the hypothesis that US neurologists were experiencing significant challenges with lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), rapid changes in practice and varying institutional protocols, we conducted this survey study. A 36-item survey was distributed to neurologists around the US through various media platforms. Over a one-week period, 567 responses were received. Of these, 56% practiced in academia. A total of 87% had access to PPE with 45% being asked to reuse PPE due to shortages. The pandemic caused rapid changes in practice, most notably a shift towards providing care by teleneurology, although a third experienced challenges in transitioning to this model. Wide variations were noted both in testing and in the guidance provided for the exposed, sick or vulnerable HCWs. Notably, 59% of respondents felt that their practices were doing what they could, although 56% did not feel safe taking care of patients. Results from our survey demonstrate significant variability in preparedness and responsiveness to the COVID-19 pandemic in neurology, impacted by region, health care setting and practice model. Practice guidelines from professional societies and other national entities are needed to improve protection for physicians and their patients, promote recommended practice changes during a pandemic, and optimize future preparedness for public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32388072, "pmcid": "PMC7189837", "title": "Care home facilities as new COVID-19 hotspots: Lombardy Region (Italy) case study.", "journal": "Arch Gerontol Geriatr", "authors": ["Logar, Silvia"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388072", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314058, "pmcid": "PMC7170031", "title": "COVID-19 patients and the radiology department - advice from the European Society of Radiology (ESR) and the European Society of Thoracic Imaging (ESTI).", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Revel, Marie-Pierre", "Parkar, Anagha P", "Prosch, Helmut", "Silva, Mario", "Sverzellati, Nicola", "Gleeson, Fergus", "Brady, Adrian"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314058", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This document from the European Society of Radiology (ESR) and the European Society of Thoracic Imaging (ESTI) aims to present the main imaging features, and the role of CT scan in the early diagnosis of COVID-19, describing, in particular, the typical findings which make it possible to identify the disease and distinguish it from bacterial causes of infection, and to define which category of patients may benefit from CT imaging. The precautions that must be taken when performing scans to protect radiologists and technologists from infection will be described. The organisational measures that can be taken within radiology departments in order to cope with the influx of patients, while continuing to manage other emergency and time-sensitive activity (e.g. oncology, other infectious diseases etc.), will be discussed. KEY POINTS: \u2022 Bilateral ground glass opacities are typical CT manifestations of COVID-19. \u2022 Crazy paving and organising pneumonia pattern are seen at a later stage. \u2022 Extensive consolidation is associated with a poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32347923, "pmcid": "PMC7197554", "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: implications for cardiac safety.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Jeevaratnam, Kamalan"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347923", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202659, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: the harms of exaggerated information and non-evidence-based measures.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Ioannidis, John P A"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202659", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The evolving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic1 is certainly cause for concern. Proper communication and optimal decision-making is an ongoing challenge, as data evolve. The challenge is compounded, however, by exaggerated information. This can lead to inappropriate actions. It is important to differentiate promptly the true epidemic from an epidemic of false claims and potentially harmful actions."}, {"pmid": 32507706, "title": "Managing Hand Trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic using a One-Stop Clinic.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Sadr, Mr A H", "Gardiner, Miss S", "Burr, Mrs Nikki", "Nikkhah, Mr D", "Jemec, Miss Barbara"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507706", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469844, "title": "Possibilities of telemedicine regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in light of the international and Hungarian experiences and recommendations", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Gyorffy, Zsuzsa", "Bekasi, Sandor", "Szathmari-Meszaros, Noemi", "Nemeth, Orsolya"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469844", "countries": ["Hungary"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak was formally announced as a pandemic by WHO on the 11th of March, 2020. This attracts attention to the possibilities of telemedicine again. In support of stopping the spread of the novel coronavirus infection, whilst keeping the healthcare system running and minimizing the risk of being infected, we also need to find new ways, methods, and platforms to deal with this pandemic. By providing a literature overview and sharing practical guidelines, including the special example of Hungarian teledentistry, we present both international and Hungarian initiatives to involve telemedicine on different levels of healthcare systems regarding COVID-19. Both international and national data show that telemedicine can play a major role in the triage process, early identification, diagnosis and treatment of infected individuals, and management of patient pathways in a way that ensures the medical team does not come into contact with potentially infected patients. It also plays an important role in remote monitoring of medical conditions and care of patients with chronic diseases and reconnects vulnerable groups of healthcare personnel to the care system. In addition to the potential benefits of telemedicine, we must not forget the limitations of this method. However, it is important to emphasize that due to its wide availability, telemedicine services can provide sufficient flexibility for both primary and specialist care (outpatient and inpatient clinical care). For that very reason, it is an urgent need to define the national professional guidelines, legal and financing possibilities in this field in a long-term sustainable way.* Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(24): 983-992. *Disclaimer: We closed the writing of this manuscript on the 30th of April, 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic and related research studies still have been changing dynamically since then."}, {"pmid": 32503918, "title": "Enhanced receptor binding of SARS-CoV-2 through networks of hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Wang, Yingjie", "Liu, Meiyi", "Gao, Jiali"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503918", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Molecular dynamics and free energy simulations have been carried out to elucidate the structural origin of differential protein-protein interactions between the common receptor protein angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the receptor binding domains of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [A. E. Gorbalenya et al., Nat. Microbiol. 5, 536-544 (2020)] that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [P. Zhou et al., Nature 579, 270-273 (2020)] and the SARS coronavirus in the 2002-2003 (SARS-CoV) [T. Kuiken et al., Lancet 362, 263-270 (2003)] outbreak. Analysis of the dynamic trajectories reveals that the binding interface consists of a primarily hydrophobic region and a delicate hydrogen-bonding network in the 2019 novel coronavirus. A key mutation from a hydrophobic residue in the SARS-CoV sequence to Lys417 in SARS-CoV-2 creates a salt bridge across the central hydrophobic contact region, which along with polar residue mutations results in greater electrostatic complementarity than that of the SARS-CoV complex. Furthermore, both electrostatic effects and enhanced hydrophobic packing due to removal of four out of five proline residues in a short 12-residue loop lead to conformation shift toward a more tilted binding groove in the complex in comparison with the SARS-CoV complex. On the other hand, hydrophobic contacts in the complex of the SARS-CoV-neutralizing antibody 80R are disrupted in the SARS-CoV-2 homology complex model, which is attributed to failure of recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by 80R."}, {"pmid": 32378772, "pmcid": "PMC7267302", "title": "In Reply.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Coomes, Eric A", "Al-Shamsi, Humaid O", "Meyers, Brandon M", "Alhazzani, Waleed", "Alhuraiji, Ahmad", "Chemaly, Roy F", "Almuhanna, Meshari", "Wolff, Robert A", "Ibrahim, Nuhad K", "Chua, Melvin L K", "Hotte, Sebastien J", "Elfiki, Tarek", "Curigliano, Giuseppe", "Eng, Cathy", "Grothey, Axel", "Xie, Conghua"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378772", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32112714, "pmcid": "PMC7158942", "title": "The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Brooks, Samantha K", "Webster, Rebecca K", "Smith, Louise E", "Woodland, Lisa", "Wessely, Simon", "Greenberg, Neil", "Rubin, Gideon James"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112714", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The December, 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak has seen many countries ask people who have potentially come into contact with the infection to isolate themselves at home or in a dedicated quarantine facility. Decisions on how to apply quarantine should be based on the best available evidence. We did a Review of the psychological impact of quarantine using three electronic databases. Of 3166 papers found, 24 are included in this Review. Most reviewed studies reported negative psychological effects including post-traumatic stress symptoms, confusion, and anger. Stressors included longer quarantine duration, infection fears, frustration, boredom, inadequate supplies, inadequate information, financial loss, and stigma. Some researchers have suggested long-lasting effects. In situations where quarantine is deemed necessary, officials should quarantine individuals for no longer than required, provide clear rationale for quarantine and information about protocols, and ensure sufficient supplies are provided. Appeals to altruism by reminding the public about the benefits of quarantine to wider society can be favourable."}, {"pmid": 32501306, "pmcid": "PMC7247971", "title": "Masters of disasters? Challenges and opportunities for SMEs in times of crisis.", "journal": "J Bus Res", "authors": ["Eggers, Fabian"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of every economy. So, when an external crisis jeopardizes markets, such as the recent COVID-19 outbreak, SMEs are hit with great force. Their so-called liability of smallness, a lack of resources that would shield them from outside shocks, worsens the situation. This manuscript conducts a literature study on 69 manuscripts that studied SMEs in previous crises and proposes ways to overcome economic downturns in the areas of finance, strategy and the institutional environment. The paper finds a \"strategy/funding chicken-and-egg-problem\" and proposes an effectual world view when dealing with situations of great uncertainty."}, {"pmid": 32265088, "pmcid": "PMC7132499", "title": "Custom-made 3D-printed face masks in case of pandemic crisis situations with a lack of commercially available FFP2/3 masks.", "journal": "Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Swennen, Gwen R J", "Pottel, Lies", "Haers, Piet E"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265088", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the case of pandemic crisis situations, a crucial lack of protective material such as protective face masks for healthcare professionals can occur. A proof of concept (PoC) and prototype are presented, demonstrating a reusable custom-made three-dimensionally (3D) printed face mask based on materials and techniques (3D imaging and 3D printing) with global availability. The individualized 3D protective face mask consists of two 3D-printed reusable polyamide composite components (a face mask and a filter membrane support) and two disposable components (a head fixation band and a filter membrane). Computer-aided design (CAD) was used to produce the reusable components of the 3D face mask based on individual facial scans, which were acquired using a new-generation smartphone with two cameras and a face scanning application. 3D modelling can easily be done by CAD designers worldwide with free download software. The disposable non-woven melt-blown filter membrane is globally available from industrial manufacturers producing FFP2/3 protective masks for painting, construction, agriculture, and the textile industry. Easily available Velcro fasteners were used as a disposable head fixation band. A cleaning and disinfection protocol is proposed. Leakage and virological testing of the reusable components of the 3D face mask, following one or several disinfection cycles, has not yet been performed and is essential prior to its use in real-life situations. This PoC should allow the reader to consider making and/or virologically testing the described custom-made 3D-printed face masks worldwide. The surface tessellation language (STL) format of the original virtual templates of the two reusable components described in this paper can be downloaded free of charge using the hyperlink (Supplementary Material online)."}, {"pmid": 32454585, "pmcid": "PMC7228866", "title": "COVID-19 testing before endoscopy safe, effective in the US.", "journal": "PharmacoEcon Outcomes News", "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454585", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474676, "pmcid": "PMC7261212", "title": "Statement from the North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging on imaging strategies to reduce the scarcity of healthcare resources during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Kicska, Gregory", "Litmanovich, Diana E", "Ordovas, Karen G", "Young, Phillip M", "Dennie, Carole", "Truong, Quynh A", "Abbara, Suhny", "Kirsch, Jacobo"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474676", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an evolving global pandemic that is predicted to strain healthcare resources at multiple locations throughout North America and the World. As of April 6, 2020, the apex of infection rates is predicted to occur within 1 to 5\u00a0weeks at various locations. Widespread reports of personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages, and healthcare worker exposure to disease have become commonplace. To mitigate this crisis, we are suggesting imaging strategies that aim to use the least PPE, require the smallest number of potential staff exposures, and streamlines utilization of imaging. They are broadly organized by (1) substituting a noninvasive diagnostic test in place of a semi-invasive or invasive diagnostic tests, and (2) consolidating diagnostic imaging."}, {"pmid": 32270592, "pmcid": "PMC7262135", "title": "Clinical characteristics of a case series of children with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Zhu, Li", "Wang, Jian", "Huang, Rui", "Liu, Longgen", "Zhao, Haiyan", "Wu, Chao", "Zhu, Chuanwu"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270592", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We reported the clinical characteristics of a case series of 10 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) aged from 1 year to 18 years. Seven patients had contact with confirmed COVID-19 family members before onset. Fever (4 [40.0%]) and cough (3 [30.0%]) were the most common symptoms. No patient showed leucopenia and lymphopenia on admission. Pneumonia was observed in chest CT images in 5 (50.0%) patients. Five (50.0%) patients received antiviral treatment. No patient had severe complications or developed a severe illness in our study. Our study indicated that COVID-19 children present less severe symptoms and have better outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32381502, "title": "Return to play after COVID-19: a sport cardiologist's view.", "journal": "Br J Sports Med", "authors": ["Dores, Helder", "Cardim, Nuno"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381502", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406985, "pmcid": "PMC7261975", "title": "Interleukin-6 receptor antagonist therapy to treat SARS-CoV-2 driven inflammatory syndrome in a kidney transplant recipient.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Allam, Sridhar R", "Dao, Ann", "Madhrira, Machaiah M", "Antiporta, Philip B", "Nair, Ranjit R", "Guiteau, Jacfranz J", "Reyad, Ashraf I"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406985", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417612, "pmcid": "PMC7212956", "title": "Modification of non-invasive ventilation for the advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient during the COVID-19 pandemic - do it now.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Young, Eufrosina I", "Manta, Dragos", "Sah, Birendra P", "Brooks, Benjamin Rix"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229647, "title": "COVID-19: An Unintended Force for Medical Revolution?", "journal": "J Invasive Cardiol", "authors": ["Wang, Xiaowen", "Bhatt, Deepak L"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229647", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259325, "pmcid": "PMC7262074", "title": "Strengthening the Power of Nurses in Combating COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nurs Manag", "authors": ["Zhang, Yuxia"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259325", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, several novel coronavirus infections were firstly reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China, and the outbreak is quickly expanding locally and globally. World Health Organization (World Health Organization, 2020a) announced the coronavirus epidemic as an \"International Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)\" on January 30, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32376398, "pmcid": "PMC7252115", "title": "Tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with hyperinflammatory syndrome and acute respiratory failure: A single center study of 100 patients in Brescia, Italy.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Toniati, Paola", "Piva, Simone", "Cattalini, Marco", "Garrafa, Emirena", "Regola, Francesca", "Castelli, Francesco", "Franceschini, Franco", "Airo, Paolo", "Bazzani, Chiara", "Beindorf, Eva-Andrea", "Berlendis, Marialma", "Bezzi, Michela", "Bossini, Nicola", "Castellano, Maurizio", "Cattaneo, Sergio", "Cavazzana, Ilaria", "Contessi, Giovanni-Battista", "Crippa, Massimo", "Delbarba, Andrea", "De Peri, Elena", "Faletti, Angela", "Filippini, Matteo", "Filippini, Matteo", "Frassi, Micol", "Gaggiotti, Mario", "Gorla, Roberto", "Lanspa, Michael", "Lorenzotti, Silvia", "Marino, Rosa", "Maroldi, Roberto", "Metra, Marco", "Matteelli, Alberto", "Modina, Denise", "Moioli, Giovanni", "Montani, Giovanni", "Muiesan, Maria-Lorenza", "Odolini, Silvia", "Peli, Elena", "Pesenti, Silvia", "Pezzoli, Maria-Chiara", "Pirola, Ilenia", "Pozzi, Alessandro", "Proto, Alessandro", "Rasulo, Francesco-Antonio", "Renisi, Giulia", "Ricci, Chiara", "Rizzoni, Damiano", "Romanelli, Giuseppe", "Rossi, Mara", "Salvetti, Massimo", "Scolari, Francesco", "Signorini, Liana", "Taglietti, Marco", "Tomasoni, Gabriele", "Tomasoni, Lina-Rachele", "Turla, Fabio", "Valsecchi, Alberto", "Zani, Davide", "Zuccala, Francesco", "Zunica, Fiammetta", "Foca, Emanuele", "Andreoli, Laura", "Latronico, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376398", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A hyperinflammatory syndrome (HIS) may cause a life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. A prospective series of 100 consecutive patients admitted to the Spedali Civili University Hospital in Brescia (Italy) between March 9th and March 20th with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and ARDS requiring ventilatory support was analyzed to determine whether intravenous administration of tocilizumab (TCZ), a monoclonal antibody that targets the interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor, was associated with improved outcome. Tocilizumab was administered at a dosage of 8\u00a0mg/kg by two consecutive intravenous infusions 12\u00a0h apart. A third infusion was optional based on clinical response. The outcome measure was an improvement in acute respiratory failure assessed by means of the Brescia COVID Respiratory Severity Score (BCRSS 0 to 8, with higher scores indicating higher severity) at 24-72\u00a0h and 10\u00a0days after tocilizumab administration. Out of 100 treated patients (88\u00a0M, 12\u00a0F; median age: 62\u00a0years), 43 received TCZ in the intensive care unit (ICU), while 57 in the general ward as no ICU beds were available. Of these 57 patients, 37 (65%) improved and suspended noninvasive ventilation (NIV) (median BCRSS: 1 [IQR 0-2]), 7 (12%) patients remained stable in NIV, and 13 (23%) patients worsened (10 died, 3 were admitted to ICU). Of the 43 patients treated in the ICU, 32 (74%) improved (17 of them were taken off the ventilator and were discharged to the ward), 1 (2%) remained stable (BCRSS: 5) and 10 (24%) died (all of them had BCRSS\u22657 before TCZ). Overall at 10\u00a0days, the respiratory condition was improved or stabilized in 77 (77%) patients, of whom 61 showed a significant clearing of diffuse bilateral opacities on chest x-ray and 15 were discharged from the hospital. Respiratory condition worsened in 23 (23%) patients, of whom 20 (20%) died. All the patients presented with lymphopenia and high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, ferritin and IL-6 indicating a HIS. During the 10-day follow-up, three cases of severe adverse events were recorded: two patients developed septic shock and died, one had gastrointestinal perforation requiring urgent surgery and was alive at day 10. In conclusion, our series showed that COVID-19 pneumonia with ARDS was characterized by HIS. The response to TCZ was rapid, sustained, and associated with significant clinical improvement."}, {"pmid": 32474039, "pmcid": "PMC7255987", "title": "Applicability of the CURB-65 pneumonia severity score for outpatient treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Nguyen, Yann", "Corre, Felix", "Honsel, Vasco", "Curac, Sonja", "Zarrouk, Virginie", "Fantin, Bruno", "Galy, Adrien"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474039", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337664, "pmcid": "PMC7183818", "title": "Rational Use of Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.", "journal": "Clin Drug Investig", "authors": ["Zhang, Shengyu", "Li, Lei", "Shen, Aizong", "Chen, Yongwu", "Qi, Zhigang"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337664", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has broken out in Wuhan, China and spread rapidly. Recent studies have found that \u2053\u200915.7% of patients develop severe pneumonia, and cytokine storm is an important factor leading to rapid disease progression. Currently, there are no specific drugs for COVID-19 and the cytokine storm it causes. IL-6 is one of the key cytokines involved in infection-induced cytokine storm. Tocilizumab, which is the IL-6 receptor antagonist, has been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of cytokine release syndrome (CRS), is expected to treat cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 and is now in clinical trials. In this paper, we will elaborate the role of cytokine storm in COVID-19, the mechanism of tocilizumab on cytokine storm and the key points of pharmaceutical care based on the actual clinical application for COVID-19 in our hospital, the latest research reports, clinical trial progress of tocilizumab, drug instruction from the US FDA, and \"Diagnosis and Treatment Plan of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (seventh trial edition)\" in China, so as to provide reference for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32007145, "pmcid": "PMC7159086", "title": "Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Lu, Roujian", "Zhao, Xiang", "Li, Juan", "Niu, Peihua", "Yang, Bo", "Wu, Honglong", "Wang, Wenling", "Song, Hao", "Huang, Baoying", "Zhu, Na", "Bi, Yuhai", "Ma, Xuejun", "Zhan, Faxian", "Wang, Liang", "Hu, Tao", "Zhou, Hong", "Hu, Zhenhong", "Zhou, Weimin", "Zhao, Li", "Chen, Jing", "Meng, Yao", "Wang, Ji", "Lin, Yang", "Yuan, Jianying", "Xie, Zhihao", "Ma, Jinmin", "Liu, William J", "Wang, Dayan", "Xu, Wenbo", "Holmes, Edward C", "Gao, George F", "Wu, Guizhen", "Chen, Weijun", "Shi, Weifeng", "Tan, Wenjie"], "date": "2020-02-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32007145", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December, 2019, patients presenting with viral pneumonia due to an unidentified microbial agent were reported in Wuhan, China. A novel coronavirus was subsequently identified as the causative pathogen, provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). As of Jan 26, 2020, more than 2000 cases of 2019-nCoV infection have been confirmed, most of which involved people living in or visiting Wuhan, and human-to-human transmission has been confirmed. We did next-generation sequencing of samples from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and cultured isolates from nine inpatients, eight of whom had visited the Huanan seafood market in Wuhan. Complete and partial 2019-nCoV genome sequences were obtained from these individuals. Viral contigs were connected using Sanger sequencing to obtain the full-length genomes, with the terminal regions determined by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Phylogenetic analysis of these 2019-nCoV genomes and those of other coronaviruses was used to determine the evolutionary history of the virus and help infer its likely origin. Homology modelling was done to explore the likely receptor-binding properties of the virus. The ten genome sequences of 2019-nCoV obtained from the nine patients were extremely similar, exhibiting more than 99\u00b798% sequence identity. Notably, 2019-nCoV was closely related (with 88% identity) to two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21, collected in 2018 in Zhoushan, eastern China, but were more distant from SARS-CoV (about 79%) and MERS-CoV (about 50%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 2019-nCoV fell within the subgenus Sarbecovirus of the genus Betacoronavirus, with a relatively long branch length to its closest relatives bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21, and was genetically distinct from SARS-CoV. Notably, homology modelling revealed that 2019-nCoV had a similar receptor-binding domain structure to that of SARS-CoV, despite amino acid variation at some key residues. 2019-nCoV is sufficiently divergent from SARS-CoV to be considered a new human-infecting betacoronavirus. Although our phylogenetic analysis suggests that bats might be the original host of this virus, an animal sold at the seafood market in Wuhan might represent an intermediate host facilitating the emergence of the virus in humans. Importantly, structural analysis suggests that 2019-nCoV might be able to bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor in humans. The future evolution, adaptation, and spread of this virus warrant urgent investigation. National Key Research and Development Program of China, National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong First Medical University."}, {"pmid": 32496268, "title": "Wastewater monitoring and public health surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Manoj, Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496268", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278081, "pmcid": "PMC7141623", "title": "Association of COVID-19 with pregnancy outcomes in health-care workers and general women.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Khan, S", "Jun, L", "Nawsherwan", "Siddique, R", "Li, Y", "Han, G", "Xue, M", "Nabi, G", "Liu, J"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278081", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408917, "pmcid": "PMC7253766", "title": "Why people failed to adhere to COVID-19 preventive behaviors? Perspectives from an integrated behavior change model.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Chan, Derwin K C", "Zhang, Chun-Qing", "Weman-Josefsson, Karin"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408917", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321654, "pmcid": "PMC7195035", "title": "The globe on the spotlight: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19).", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Brida, Margarita", "Chessa, Massimo", "Gu, Hong", "Gatzoulis, Michael A"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321654", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437946, "pmcid": "PMC7211607", "title": "LGBTQ+ Inclusive Palliative Care in the Context of COVID-19: Pragmatic Recommendations for Clinicians.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Rosa, William E", "Shook, Alic", "Acquaviva, Kimberly D"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437946", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to impact the seriously ill and their families on a global scale, considerations given to marginalized groups amid the pandemic are essential to ensure the provision of high-quality and dignified care. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender-nonconforming, and queer/questioning-identified (LGBTQ+) persons are particularly vulnerable to health inequities across settings, including palliative care and at the end of life. There is a crucial gap in the literature pertaining to palliative care for LGBTQ+ populations during COVID-19. We aim to fill this gap by providing essential health inequity and social support background pertaining to LGBTQ+ persons and practical recommendations for immediate implementation that support inclusive and respectful care for these populations. Using these recommendations is a pragmatic pathway to promote trust, transparency, patient and family engagement, and value concordant care amid the health system strain caused by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32369430, "title": "Upholding the Tripartite Mission in Times of Crisis: Purpose and Perseverance in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Standiford, Taylor", "Shuman, Andrew G", "Fessell, David", "Brenner, Michael J", "Bradford, Carol R"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369430", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Academic otolaryngology has historically comprised a tripartite mission of research, education, and clinical care. This mission is greatly strained by the COVID-19 pandemic. Research laboratories are fallow, surgical cases are deferred, and clerkships are canceled. Otolaryngologists are adapting to new circumstances ranging from virtual patient care to urgent procedures in protective gear to deployment to provisional field hospitals. Amid these operational challenges, the specialty is demonstrating extraordinary resilience and grit, discovering new ways to serve learners, colleagues, and communities. Statements from leaders in otolaryngology reveal selfless acts and purposefulness. Necessity has spurred innovation in education, science, and novel models of care. Paragons strike notes of hope, inspiring us to persevere and serve. This commentary explores the present challenges and offers a vision for upholding the academic mission."}, {"pmid": 32398377, "title": "Reply to Kesici et al. and Zeng et al.: Blocking the virus and reducing the inflammatory damage in COVID-19.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Duan, Kai", "Liu, Bende", "Li, Cesheng", "Zhang, Huajun", "Yu, Ting", "Qu, Jieming", "Zhou, Min", "Chen, Li", "Chen, Zhu", "Zhang, Xinxin", "Yang, Xiaoming"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398377", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292219, "pmcid": "PMC7147856", "title": "Coronavirus pandemic and tourism: Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling of infectious disease outbreak.", "journal": "Ann Tour Res", "authors": ["Yang, Yang", "Zhang, Hongru", "Chen, Xiang"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292219", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022We propose a DSGE model to examine the impact of the coronavirus outbreak on tourism.\u2022The model is generalizable to any epidemic.\u2022The model supports the policy of providing tourism consumption vouchers for residents."}, {"pmid": 32435829, "pmcid": "PMC7239350", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak: Infection Control and Management Protocol for Vascular and Interventional Radiology Departments-Consensus Document.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["De Gregorio, Miguel A", "Guirola, Jose A", "Magallanes, Mariano", "Palmero, Julio", "Pulido, Juan M", "Blazquez, Javier", "Cobos, Jorge", "Abadal, Jose M", "Mendez, Santiago", "Perez-Lafuente, Mercedes", "Piquero Micheto, Maria C", "Gregorio, Abel", "Lonjedo, Elena", "Moreno, Teresa", "Pulpeiro, Jose R", "Sampere, Jaume", "Esteban, Enrique", "Munoz, Jose J", "Bosch, Jordi", "Alvarez-Arranz, Enrique", "Gonzalez, Jimena", "Gelabert, Arantxa", "Urbano, Jose"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435829", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 virus) pandemic was recently declared by the WHO as a global health emergency. A group of interventional radiology senior experts developed a consensus document for infection control and management of patients with COVID-19 in interventional radiology (IR) departments. This consensus statement has been brought together at short notice with the help of different protocols developed by governmental entities and scientific societies to be adapted to the current reality and needs of IR Departments. Recommendations are the specific strategies to follow in IR departments, preventive measures and regulations, step by step for donning and doffing personal protective equipment, specific IR procedures which can not be delayed, and aerosol-generating procedures in IR with COVID-19 patients. It is advisable with this document to be adapted to local workplace policies."}, {"pmid": 32198615, "pmcid": "PMC7087529", "title": "The potential added value of FDG PET/CT for COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Deng, Yan", "Lei, Lei", "Chen, Yue", "Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198615", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385100, "title": "Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Graham, Barney S"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385100", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32065348, "pmcid": "PMC7088641", "title": "Can Chinese Medicine Be Used for Prevention of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs.", "journal": "Chin J Integr Med", "authors": ["Luo, Hui", "Tang, Qiao-Ling", "Shang, Ya-Xi", "Liang, Shi-Bing", "Yang, Ming", "Robinson, Nicola", "Liu, Jian-Ping"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32065348", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, an outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, and rapidly spread to almost all parts of China. This was followed by prevention programs recommending Chinese medicine (CM) for the prevention. In order to provide evidence for CM recommendations, we reviewed ancient classics and human studies. Historical records on prevention and treatment of infections in CM classics, clinical evidence of CM on the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and H1N1 influenza, and CM prevention programs issued by health authorities in China since the COVID-19 outbreak were retrieved from different databases and websites till 12 February, 2020. Research evidence included data from clinical trials, cohort or other population studies using CM for preventing contagious respiratory virus diseases. The use of CM to prevent epidemics of infectious diseases was traced back to ancient Chinese practice cited in Huangdi's Internal Classic (Huang Di Nei Jing) where preventive effects were recorded. There were 3 studies using CM for prevention of SARS and 4 studies for H1N1 influenza. None of the participants who took CM contracted SARS in the 3 studies. The infection rate of H1N1 influenza in the CM group was significantly lower than the non-CM group (relative risk 0.36, 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.52; n=4). For prevention of COVID-19, 23 provinces in China issued CM programs. The main principles of CM use were to tonify qi to protect from external pathogens, disperse wind and discharge heat, and resolve dampness. The most frequently used herbs included Radix astragali (Huangqi), Radix glycyrrhizae (Gancao), Radix saposhnikoviae (Fangfeng), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Baizhu), Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (Jinyinhua), and Fructus forsythia (Lianqiao). Based on historical records and human evidence of SARS and H1N1 influenza prevention, Chinese herbal formula could be an alternative approach for prevention of COVID-19 in high-risk population. Prospective, rigorous population studies are warranted to confirm the potential preventive effect of CM."}, {"pmid": 32290077, "pmcid": "PMC7232534", "title": "Molecular Mechanism of Evolution and Human Infection with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["He, Jiahua", "Tao, Huanyu", "Yan, Yumeng", "Huang, Sheng-You", "Xiao, Yi"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290077", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel coronavirus, which was later formally named the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a worldwide public health crisis. Previous studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 is highly homologous to SARS-CoV and infects humans through the binding of the spike protein to ACE2. Here, we have systematically studied the molecular mechanisms of human infection with SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV by protein-protein docking and MD simulations. It was found that SARS-CoV-2 binds ACE2 with a higher affinity than SARS-CoV, which may partly explain that SARS-CoV-2 is much more infectious than SARS-CoV. In addition, the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has a significantly lower free energy than that of SARS-CoV, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 is more stable and may survive a higher temperature than SARS-CoV. This provides insights into the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 because SARS-like coronaviruses have originated in bats. Our computation also suggested that the RBD-ACE2 binding for SARS-CoV-2 is much more temperature-sensitive than that for SARS-CoV. Thus, it is expected that SARS-CoV-2 would decrease its infection ability much faster than SARS-CoV when the temperature rises. These findings would be beneficial for the disease prevention and drug/vaccine development of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32444382, "pmcid": "PMC7244896", "title": "Antiviral Efficacies of FDA-Approved Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Ferrets.", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Park, Su-Jin", "Yu, Kwang-Min", "Kim, Young-Il", "Kim, Se-Mi", "Kim, Eun-Ha", "Kim, Seong-Gyu", "Kim, Eun Ji", "Casel, Mark Anthony B", "Rollon, Rare", "Jang, Seung-Gyu", "Lee, Min-Hyeok", "Chang, Jae-Hyung", "Song, Min-Suk", "Jeong, Hye Won", "Choi, Younho", "Chen, Weiqiang", "Shin, Woo-Jin", "Jung, Jae U", "Choi, Young Ki"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444382", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the urgent need of a therapeutic treatment for coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, a number of FDA-approved/repurposed drugs have been suggested as antiviral candidates at clinics, without sufficient information. Furthermore, there have been extensive debates over antiviral candidates for their effectiveness and safety against severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2), suggesting that rapid preclinical animal studies are required to identify potential antiviral candidates for human trials. To this end, the antiviral efficacies of lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and emtricitabine-tenofovir for SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed in the ferret infection model. While the lopinavir-ritonavir-, hydroxychloroquine sulfate-, or emtricitabine-tenofovir-treated group exhibited lower overall clinical scores than the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated control group, the virus titers in nasal washes, stool specimens, and respiratory tissues were similar between all three antiviral-candidate-treated groups and the PBS-treated control group. Only the emtricitabine-tenofovir-treated group showed lower virus titers in nasal washes at 8\u2009days postinfection (dpi) than the PBS-treated control group. To further explore the effect of immune suppression on viral infection and clinical outcome, ferrets were treated with azathioprine, an immunosuppressive drug. Compared to the PBS-treated control group, azathioprine-immunosuppressed ferrets exhibited a longer period of clinical illness, higher virus titers in nasal turbinate, delayed virus clearance, and significantly lower serum neutralization (SN) antibody titers. Taken together, all antiviral drugs tested marginally reduced the overall clinical scores of infected ferrets but did not significantly affect in vivo virus titers. Despite the potential discrepancy of drug efficacies between animals and humans, these preclinical ferret data should be highly informative to future therapeutic treatment of COVID-19 patients.IMPORTANCE The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to spread worldwide, with rapidly increasing numbers of mortalities, placing increasing strain on health care systems. Despite serious public health concerns, no effective vaccines or therapeutics have been approved by regulatory agencies. In this study, we tested the FDA-approved drugs lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and emtricitabine-tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 infection in a highly susceptible ferret infection model. While most of the drug treatments marginally reduced clinical symptoms, they did not reduce virus titers, with the exception of emtricitabine-tenofovir treatment, which led to diminished virus titers in nasal washes at 8\u2009dpi. Further, the azathioprine-treated immunosuppressed ferrets showed delayed virus clearance and low SN titers, resulting in a prolonged infection. As several FDA-approved or repurposed drugs are being tested as antiviral candidates at clinics without sufficient information, rapid preclinical animal studies should proceed to identify therapeutic drug candidates with strong antiviral potential and high safety prior to a human efficacy trial."}, {"pmid": 32506730, "title": "Oral Manifestations in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Vieira, Alexandre R"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506730", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mart\u00edn Carreras-Presas et al. (2020) reported a case in May in Oral Diseases that they suggested was the first case report describing of a COVID-19 patient with oral manifestations including oral pain, desquamative gingivitis, ulcers and blisters. Galv\u00e1n Casas et al. (2020) provided a description in April in the British Journal of Dermatology of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in an impressive 375 case series, and with that, they had documented for the first time the oral manifestations of the disease. The report includes an atlas of these manifestations as a downloadable supplement that includes apparently 150 different cases and among those, two cases with intra-oral manifestations that vary from ulcers in the palatal mucosa, to localized erythema in the palate and the margins of gingiva."}, {"pmid": 32297593, "pmcid": "PMC7175786", "title": "The Role of YouTube and the Entertainment Industry in Saving Lives by Educating and Mobilizing the Public to Adopt Behaviors for Community Mitigation of COVID-19: Successive Sampling Design Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Basch, Charles E", "Basch, Corey H", "Hillyer, Grace C", "Jaime, Christie"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297593", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective community mitigation through voluntary behavior change is currently the best way to reduce mortality caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study builds on our prior study based on the scientific premise that YouTube is one of the most effective ways to communicate and mobilize the public in community mitigation to reduce exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Because of the rapidly changing nature of YouTube in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a follow-up study to document how coverage of preventive behaviors for effective community mitigation has changed. A successive sampling design was used to compare coverage of behaviors to mitigate community transmission of COVID-19 in the 100 most widely viewed YouTube videos in January 2020 and March 2020. Videos in the January and March samples were viewed >125 million times and >355 million times, respectively. Fewer than half of the videos in either sample covered any of the prevention behaviors recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, but many covered key prevention behaviors and were very widely viewed. There were no videos uploaded by entertainment television in the January sample, but this source comprised the majority of videos and garnered the majority of cumulative views in the March sample. This study demonstrates the incredible reach of YouTube and the potential value of partnership with the entertainment industry for communicating and mobilizing the public about community mitigation to reduce mortality from the COVID-19 viral pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32220422, "pmcid": "PMC7102561", "title": "The host's angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism may explain epidemiological findings in COVID-19 infections.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Delanghe, Joris R", "Speeckaert, Marijn M", "De Buyzere, Marc L"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220422", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285431, "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Central Nervous System Complications: What Neurologist Need to Know.", "journal": "Acta Neurol Taiwan", "authors": ["Paybast, Sepideh", "Emami, Ali", "Koosha, Mohsen", "Baghalha, Fatemeh"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285431", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (Covid-19) is a family of large enveloped non-segmented positive-sense RNA viruses which has been considered as a global health concern as it has a very high transmissibility potential. Regarding to the similarity of the virus to SARS-CoV, it is postulated that the Covid-19 accumulates mainly in the nasal epithelia and lower respiratory airways. However, there is evidence suggesting the Covid-19 neurotropism which might contribute to respiratory failure. Here in we aim to review the central nervous system complications of the Covid-19 CoV since the emergence of the virus. Keywords: Novel Coronavirus, Covid19-Cov, CNS Complication, Nervous System."}, {"pmid": 32473311, "pmcid": "PMC7253987", "title": "Angiotensin receptor blockers for the treatment of COVID-19 and its comorbidities.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Saavedra, Juan M"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473311", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405140, "pmcid": "PMC7218371", "title": "On the Question of Resource Constraints During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Thinking Globally.", "journal": "Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys", "authors": ["Thomson, David J", "Yom, Sue S"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396979, "title": "Practice change amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: Harnessing the momentum for expanding telehealth in transplant.", "journal": "Clin Transplant", "authors": ["Santos-Parker, Keli Siqueiros", "Santos-Parker, Jessica Renee", "Highet, Alexandra", "Montgomery, John Richard", "Wakam, Glenn Kham", "Sonnenday, Christopher J", "Waits, Seth A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515210, "title": "Charting a Research Agenda for the Advancement of Nursing Organizations' Influence on Health Systems and Policy.", "journal": "Can J Nurs Res", "authors": ["Chiu, Patrick", "Duncan, Susan", "Whyte, Nora"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515210", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nursing organizations across Canada play a significant role in influencing and shaping public policy. 2020, the Year of the Nurse and the Midwife, is an opportune time not only to support nurses in building policy leadership but also to explore opportunities to better understand and strengthen the policy advocacy work of nursing organizations. Given various social, political, and economic forces, the nature of organized nursing across Canada is changing significantly. We draw on recent key national and global events including our systematic inquiry into the Canada's 2019 federal election, the Year of the Nurse and Midwife, and the Coronavirus pandemic to examine how Canadian nursing organizations respond in highly complex and evolving contexts. We use our observations to offer a vision and chart a research agenda for the advancement of nursing organizations' influence on health systems and policy. Specifically, we focus on three key areas including examining nursing organizations' policy agendas and spheres of influence; nursing organizations' decision-making around policy advocacy tactics and engagement approaches; and the impact of policy advocacy coalitions and networks on nursing organizations' influence."}, {"pmid": 32416123, "pmcid": "PMC7228723", "title": "COVID-19 and the American Board of Ophthalmology: When the Best-Laid Plans Go Awry.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Bartley, George B"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416123", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361169, "pmcid": "PMC7194813", "title": "Why not consider an endothelin receptor antagonist against SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Javor, S", "Salsano, A"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361169", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292636, "pmcid": "PMC7129619", "title": "Contingency management strategies of the Nursing Department in centralized rescue of patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Sci", "authors": ["Wang, Huafen", "Feng, Jiehui", "Shao, Lewen", "Wei, Jianhua", "Wang, Xiaoyan", "Xu, Xiaowei", "Shao, Rongya", "Zhang, Meiyun", "He, Jiangjuan", "Zhao, Xuehong", "Liang, Tingbo"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292636", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article aims to summarize a series of contingency management strategies of the Nursing Department in the centralized treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). The strategies of the Nursing Department included early warning for prevention and control, taking functions of vertically commanding and horizontally coordinating, and reasonably allocating nursing workforce, to facilitate centralized treatment work in the in-hospital fever clinic, isolation wards and ICU, and referral and admission of critical patients. Five special groups were established in charge of training and examination, management and supervision, psychological support, logistical support, and reporting and publicity, respectively. It was achieved that no deaths from critical patients and no medical staff, no other patients were infected. Through the implementation of these strategies, safe and efficient centralized treatment was ensured timely, orderly and sustainably."}, {"pmid": 32069388, "pmcid": "PMC7121749", "title": "Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Returning Travelers from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hoehl, Sebastian", "Rabenau, Holger", "Berger, Annemarie", "Kortenbusch, Marhild", "Cinatl, Jindrich", "Bojkova, Denisa", "Behrens, Pia", "Boddinghaus, Boris", "Gotsch, Udo", "Naujoks, Frank", "Neumann, Peter", "Schork, Joscha", "Tiarks-Jungk, Petra", "Walczok, Antoni", "Eickmann, Markus", "Vehreschild, Maria J G T", "Kann, Gerrit", "Wolf, Timo", "Gottschalk, Rene", "Ciesek, Sandra"], "date": "2020-02-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32069388", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501600, "title": "Tracheostomy intervention in intubated COVID positive patients: A survey of current clinical practice among ENT surgeons.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["D'Souza, Ayman", "Simo, Ricard", "D'Souza, Alwyn", "Vaz, Francis", "Prior, Andrew", "Kanegaonkar, Rahul"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501600", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented need for critical care intervention. Prolonged intubation and mechanical ventilation has resulted in the need for tracheostomy in some patients. The purpose of this international survey was to assess optimal timing, technique and outcome for this intervention. An online survey was generated. Otorhinolaryngologists from both the United Kingdom and Abroad were polled with regards to their experience of tracheostomy in COVID-19 positive ventilated patients. The survey was completed by 50 respondents from 16 nations. The number of ventilated patients totalled 3403, on average 9.7% required a tracheostomy. This was on average performed on day 14 following intubation. The majority of patients were successfully weaned (mean 7.4\u2009days following tracheostomy). The results of this brief survey suggest that tracheostomy is of benefit in selected patients. There was insufficient data to suggest improved outcomes with either percutaneous vs an open surgical technique."}, {"pmid": 32414420, "pmcid": "PMC7226707", "title": "Prolonged prone position ventilation for SARS-CoV-2 patients is feasible and effective.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Carsetti, Andrea", "Damia Paciarini, Agnese", "Marini, Benedetto", "Pantanetti, Simona", "Adrario, Erica", "Donati, Abele"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414420", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399354, "pmcid": "PMC7213679", "title": "COVID-19 and the Efficacy of Different Types of Respiratory Protective Equipment Used by Health Care Providers in a Health Care Setting.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Malik, Talia"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399354", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus, the virus that caused the global pandemic at the beginning of 2020 and affected millions across the globe, presented as an enormous\u00a0challenge to health care providers around the world. With increasing numbers of infected patients presenting daily, health care workers are struggling to take effective measures to protect themselves from transmission against the highly contagious coronavirus. This case helps us understand the implications of coronavirus-infected patients on the health care providers directly responsible for the management of these patients and the relative efficacy of different types of respiratory protective equipment mainly N95 masks and surgical masks in preventing the spread of infection among those at the front lines providing care."}, {"pmid": 32353547, "pmcid": "PMC7184999", "title": "COVID-19 and Nigeria: putting the realities in context.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ohia, Chinenyenwa", "Bakarey, Adeleye S", "Ahmad, Tauseef"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353547", "countries": ["China", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was previously known as 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The disease evolved into a serious global emergency, leading to its declaration as a pandemic. On the African continent, Nigeria is just experiencing the direct effects of this pandemic, having recorded her index case in February 2020, with an increasing number of cases every day and a current case fatality ratio of 0.03 as at 13 April 2020. Although the recorded cases may seem low, it has been forecast that Africa will have some of the worst effects of this disease by the end of the pandemic. Generally, African countries have fragile health systems and this remains a source of concern, especially in the event of increased outbreaks. Nigeria's current national health systems cannot effectively respond to the growing needs of already infected patients requiring admission into intensive care units for acute respiratory diseases and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS COV-2) pneumonia. This has grim implications for Nigeria, especially as increased cases loom that may require critical care. Provision of quarantine or isolation facilities and availability of rapid diagnostic kits for fast and reliable testing and diagnosis of the disease can also be a challenge in Africa. There is an urgent need to put into perspective these realities peculiar to Africa including Nigeria and explore available collective measures and interventions to address the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32512263, "title": "COVID-19 in rheumatic disease patients on immunosuppressive agents.", "journal": "Semin Arthritis Rheum", "authors": ["Sharmeen, Saika", "Elghawy, Ahmed", "Zarlasht, Fnu", "Yao, Qing Ping"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512263", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze clinical characteristics and outcome of COVID-19 patients with underlying rheumatic diseases (RD) on immunosuppressive agents. A case series of COVID-19 patients with RD on disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were studied by a retrospective chart review. A literature search identified 9 similar studies of single cases and case series, which were also included. There were 4 COVID-19 inpatients with RD from our hospital, and the mean age was 57 \u00b1 21 years. Two patients had a mild infection, and 2 developed severe COVID-19 related respiratory complications, including 1 patient on secukinumab requiring mechanical ventilation and 1 patient on rituximab developing viral pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygenation. All 4 patients had elevated acute phase reactants, 2 patients had mild COVID-19 with lymphopenia, and 2 patients had severe COVID-19 with normal lymphocyte counts, and high levels of IL-6. None of the patients exhibited an exacerbation of their underlying RD. In the literature, there were 9 studies of COVID-19 involving 197 cases of various inflammatory RD. Most patients were on DMARDs or biologics, of which TNF\u03b1 inhibitors were most frequently used. Two tocilizumab users had a mild infection. Two patients were on rituximab with 1 severe COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation. Six patients were on secukinumab with 1 hospitalization. Of the total 201 cases, 12 died, with an estimated mortality of 5.9% CONCLUSION: Patients with RD are susceptible to COVID-19. Various DMARDs or biologics may affect the viral disease course differently. Patients on hydroxychloroquine, TNF\u03b1 antagonists or tocilizumab may have a mild viral illness. Rituximab or secukinumab could worsen the viral disease. Further study is warranted."}, {"pmid": 32205306, "title": "Covid-19: European drugs agency to review safety of ibuprofen.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205306", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474040, "pmcid": "PMC7255704", "title": "The potential impact of vulnerability and coping capacity on the pandemic control of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wong, Martin Cs", "Teoh, Jeremy Yc", "Huang, Junjie", "Wong, Sunny H"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474040", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223782, "pmcid": "PMC7203167", "title": "Just the Facts: Airway management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Kovacs, George", "Sowers, Nicholas", "Campbell, Samuel", "French, James", "Atkinson, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223782", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A previously healthy 42-year-old male developed a fever and cough shortly after returning to Canada from overseas. Initially, he had mild upper respiratory tract infection symptoms and a cough. He was aware of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and the advisory to self-isolate and did so; however, he developed increasing respiratory distress over several days and called 911. On arrival at the emergency department (ED), his heart rate was 130 beats/min, respiratory rate 32 per/min, and oxygenation saturation 82% on room air. As per emergency medical services (EMS) protocol, they placed him on nasal prongs under a surgical mask at 5 L/min and his oxygen saturation improved to 86%."}, {"pmid": 32253182, "title": "Social distancing in covid-19: what are the mental health implications?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Venkatesh, Ashwin", "Edirappuli, Shantal"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253182", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283878, "title": "[Whether conjunctival congestion in patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus is definitely related the novel coronavirus?]", "journal": "Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, M C", "Xie, H T"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283878", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, it is commonly reported that COVID-19 patients are associated with conjunctival congestion and other symptoms, and the transmission route or high-risk diseases of ophthalmology and high-risk working status are speculated. Are conjunctival congestion or conjunctival related symptoms in patients with 2019 novel coronavirus definitely related the novel coronavirus? Conjunctival congestion is one of the common clinical signs of various types of conjunctivitis. The symptoms and signs of conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients may be related to a variety of factors. Therefore, conjunctival symptoms should not be associated with 2019 novel coronavirus without evidence. ( Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: )."}, {"pmid": 32311495, "pmcid": "PMC7165112", "title": "Nervous system damage after COVID-19 infection: Presence or absence?", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Wu, Yeshun", "Xu, Xiaolin", "Yang, Ling", "Liu, Cunming", "Yang, Chun"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311495", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217556, "pmcid": "PMC7190011", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Chen, Tao", "Wu, Di", "Chen, Huilong", "Yan, Weiming", "Yang, Danlei", "Chen, Guang", "Ma, Ke", "Xu, Dong", "Yu, Haijing", "Wang, Hongwu", "Wang, Tao", "Guo, Wei", "Chen, Jia", "Ding, Chen", "Zhang, Xiaoping", "Huang, Jiaquan", "Han, Meifang", "Li, Shusheng", "Luo, Xiaoping", "Zhao, Jianping", "Ning, Qin"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217556", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To delineate the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) who died. Retrospective case series. Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. Among a cohort of 799 patients, 113 who died and 161 who recovered with a diagnosis of covid-19 were analysed. Data were collected until 28 February 2020. Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings were obtained from electronic medical records with data collection forms. The median age of deceased patients (68 years) was significantly older than recovered patients (51 years). Male sex was more predominant in deceased patients (83; 73%) than in recovered patients (88; 55%). Chronic hypertension and other cardiovascular comorbidities were more frequent among deceased patients (54 (48%) and 16 (14%)) than recovered patients (39 (24%) and 7 (4%)). Dyspnoea, chest tightness, and disorder of consciousness were more common in deceased patients (70 (62%), 55 (49%), and 25 (22%)) than in recovered patients (50 (31%), 48 (30%), and 1 (1%)). The median time from disease onset to death in deceased patients was 16 (interquartile range 12.0-20.0) days. Leukocytosis was present in 56 (50%) patients who died and 6 (4%) who recovered, and lymphopenia was present in 103 (91%) and 76 (47%) respectively. Concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cardiac troponin I, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and D-dimer were markedly higher in deceased patients than in recovered patients. Common complications observed more frequently in deceased patients included acute respiratory distress syndrome (113; 100%), type I respiratory failure (18/35; 51%), sepsis (113; 100%), acute cardiac injury (72/94; 77%), heart failure (41/83; 49%), alkalosis (14/35; 40%), hyperkalaemia (42; 37%), acute kidney injury (28; 25%), and hypoxic encephalopathy (23; 20%). Patients with cardiovascular comorbidity were more likely to develop cardiac complications. Regardless of history of cardiovascular disease, acute cardiac injury and heart failure were more common in deceased patients. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can cause both pulmonary and systemic inflammation, leading to multi-organ dysfunction in patients at high risk. Acute respiratory distress syndrome and respiratory failure, sepsis, acute cardiac injury, and heart failure were the most common critical complications during exacerbation of covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32246819, "pmcid": "PMC7156878", "title": "Pulmonary High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) Findings of Patients with Early-Stage Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hangzhou, China.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Gao, Lulu", "Zhang, Jianjun"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246819", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the imaging manifestations of early-stage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to provide imaging basis for early detection of suspected cases and stratified intervention. MATERIAL AND METHODS From 20 January 2020 to 2 February 2020, 6 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, including 1 male and 5 females, were retrospectively reviewed in Zhejiang Hospital. These cases were clinically assessed and classified as common COVID-19. All patients underwent thoracic high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) within 2 days after the onset of symptoms, and their images were viewed by 2 radiologists who were blind to their clinical records. RESULTS CT images of 6 confirmed patients were collected. Two of the 6 patients (33.3%) had bilateral lung involvements and 4 (66.7%) had single-lung involvement. Two cases (33.3%) had a single lesion, 2 cases (33.3%) had 2 lesions, and 2 cases (33.3%) had multiple lesions. There were 2 cases (33.3%) with focal subpleural distribution and 1 case (16.7%) along the bronchial vascular bundle. Five cases (83.3%) had ground-glass opacities, 4 cases (66.7%) had ground-glass nodules, 1 case (16.7%) had thickened lobular septum, 2 cases (33.3%) had thickened bronchial wall, 2 cases (33.3%) had halo sign,1 case (16.7%) had crazy-paving sign, and 1 case (16.7%) had tree-in-bud sign. CONCLUSIONS The imaging manifestations of early-stage COVID-19 are relatively mild, and the imaging findings of some patients are not typical, which can easily lead to missed diagnoses. Thus, suspected cases need to be closely monitored, and epidemiological history and clinical laboratory examination should also be considered during diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32373315, "pmcid": "PMC7182299", "title": "The need to improve the laws and regulations relevant to the outbreak of COVID-19: What might be learned from China?", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Li, Hao", "Hu, Mengnan", "Liu, Shuang"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373315", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496267, "title": "Telepsychiatry during COVID-19: Some clinical, public health, and ethical dilemmas.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Sousa, Avinash De", "Karia, Sagar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496267", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503817, "title": "Potential Antiviral Drugs for SARS-Cov-2 Treatment: Preclinical Findings and Ongoing Clinical Research.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Bimonte, Sabrina", "Crispo, Anna", "Amore, Alfonso", "Celentano, Egidio", "Cuomo, Arturo", "Cascella, Marco"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503817", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), initially termed 2019-new CoV (2019-nCoV), is a novel coronavirus responsible for the severe respiratory illness currently ongoing worldwide from the beginning of December 2019. This beta gene virus, very close to bat coronaviruses (bat-CoV-RaTG13) and bat-SL-CoVZC45, causes a severe disease, similar to those caused by Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and SARS-CoV viruses, featured by low to moderate mortality rate. Unfortunately, the antiviral drugs commonly used in clinical practice to treat viral infections, are not applicable to SARS-Cov-2 and no vaccine is available. Thus, it is extremely necessary to identify new drugs suitable for the treatment of the 2019-nCoV outbreak. Different preclinical studies conducted on other coronaviruses suggested that promising clinical outcomes for 2019-nCoV should be obtained by using alpha-interferon, chloroquine phosphate, arabinol, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Moreover, clinical trials with these suitable drugs should be performed on patients affected by SARS-Cov-2 to prove their efficacy and safety. Finally, a very promising therapeutic drug, tocilizumab, is discussed; it is currently used to treat patients presenting COVID-19 pneumonia. Herein, we recapitulate these experimental studies to highlight the use of antiviral drugs for the treatment of SARS-Cov-2 disease."}, {"pmid": 32359916, "pmcid": "PMC7194999", "title": "From the editors: The COVID-19 crisis and its implications for pediatric surgeons.", "journal": "J Pediatr Surg", "authors": ["Davenport, Mark", "Pakarinen, Mikko P", "Tam, Paul", "Laje, Pablo", "Holcomb, George W 3rd"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359916", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432015, "pmcid": "PMC7234017", "title": "Neonatal Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Infection: A Case Report and Review of Literature.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Dumpa, Vikramaditya", "Kamity, Ranjith", "Vinci, Alexandra N", "Noyola, Estela", "Noor, Asif"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432015", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a global pandemic affecting 213 countries as of April 26, 2020.\u00a0Although this disease is affecting all age groups, infants and children seem to be at a lower risk of severe infection, for reasons unknown at this time. We report a case of neonatal infection in New York, United States, and provide a review of the published cases. A 22-day-old, previously healthy, full-term neonate was hospitalized after presenting with a one-day history of fever and poor feeding. Routine neonatal sepsis evaluation was negative. SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was obtained, given rampant community transmission, which returned positive. There were no other laboratory or radiographic abnormalities. The infant recovered completely and was discharged home in two days once his feeding improved. The family was advised to self-quarantine to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. We believe that the mode of transmission was horizontal spread from his caregivers. This case highlights the milder presentation of COVID-19 in otherwise healthy, full-term neonates. COVID-19 must be considered in the evaluation of a febrile infant. Infants and children may play an important role in the transmission of COVID-19 in the community. Hence, with an understanding of the transmission patterns, parents and caregivers would be better equipped to limit the spread of the virus and protect the more vulnerable population."}, {"pmid": 32481771, "title": "Keeping Hospitals Safe During the COVID-19 Pandemic Finding inspiration in a father's credo.", "journal": "R I Med J (2013)", "authors": ["Mermel, Leonard A"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481771", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259387, "pmcid": "PMC7262335", "title": "International perspectives: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cytology.", "journal": "Cancer Cytopathol", "authors": ["Rossi, Esther Diana", "Pantanowitz, Liron"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259387", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330429, "pmcid": "PMC7173831", "title": "Not a luxury: a call to maintain sexual and reproductive health in humanitarian and fragile settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Tran, Nguyen Toan", "Tappis, Hannah", "Spilotros, Nathaly", "Krause, Sandra", "Knaster, Sarah"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330429", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455090, "pmcid": "PMC7243064", "title": "Two False Negative Test Results in a Symptomatic Patient with a Confirmed Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Suspected Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN).", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Lagziel, Tomer", "Quiroga, Luis", "Ramos, Margarita", "Hultman, Charles S", "Asif, Mohammed"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455090", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has put significant strain on the current health system and has exposed dangers previously overlooked. The pathogen known as\u00a0severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), is notable for attacking the pulmonary system causing acute respiratory distress, but it can also severely affect other systems in at-risk individuals including cardiovascular compromise, gastrointestinal distress, acute kidney injury, coagulopathies, cutaneous manifestations, and ultimately death from multi-organ failure. Unfortunately, the reliability of negative test results is questionable and the high infectious burden of the virus calls for extended safety precautions, especially in symptomatic patients. We present a confirmed COVID-19 case that was transferred to our burn center for concern of Steven Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) overlap syndrome after having two negative confirmatory COVID-19 tests at an outside hospital. A 58-year-old female with\u00a0a history of morbid obesity, HTN, gout, CML managed with imatinib, and chronic kidney disease\u00a0presented as a transfer from a community hospital to our burn center. The patient was admitted to her community hospital with febrile, acute respiratory distress. Imaging and clinical presentation was consistent with COVID-19 and lab tests for the pathogen were ordered. During observation, while waiting for results, she was placed under patient under\u00a0investigation (PUI) protocol. Once negative results were obtained, the PUI protocol was abandoned despite ongoing symptoms. Subsequently, dermatological symptoms developed and transfer to our burn center was initiated. After a second negative test result, the symptomatic patient was transferred to our burn center for expert wound management. Given the lack of resolve of respiratory symptoms and concern for the burn patient population, the patient was placed in PUI protocol and an internal COVID-19 was ordered.\u00a0The patient's initial exam under standard COVID-19 airborne precautions revealed 5% total body surface area of loss of epidermis affecting bilateral thighs, bilateral arms, and face. A dermatopathological biopsy suggested a bullous drug reaction with an erythema multiform-like reaction pattern versus SJS/TEN. Moreover, the internal COVID-19 test returned positive. The delayed positive test results and complicated hospital course with our patient required us to scale back and notify every patient and staff member whom they came in contact with, across multiple institutions. We suggest that whenever a suspected COVID-19 patient is transferred to a specialized center, they should be isolated and re-checked before joining the new patient population for treatment of the unique condition."}, {"pmid": 32269893, "pmcid": "PMC7138423", "title": "A Comprehensive Literature Review on the Clinical Presentation, and Management of the Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Kakodkar, Pramath", "Kaka, Nagham", "Baig, M N"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269893", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a declared global pandemic. There are multiple parameters of the clinical course and management of the COVID-19 that need optimization. A hindrance to this development is the vast amount of misinformation present due to scarcely sourced manuscript preprints and social media. This literature review aims to presents accredited and the most current studies pertaining to the basic sciences of SARS-CoV-2, clinical presentation and disease course of COVID-19, public health interventions, and current epidemiological developments. The review on basic sciences aims to clarify the jargon in virology, describe the virion structure of SARS-CoV-2 and present pertinent details relevant to clinical practice. Another component discussed is the brief history on the series of experiments used to explore the origins and evolution of the phylogeny of the viral genome of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, the clinical and epidemiological differences between COVID-19 and other infections causing outbreaks (SARS, MERS, H1N1) are elucidated. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based medicine to evaluate the frequency of presentation of various symptoms to create a stratification system of the most important epidemiological risk factors for COVID-19. These can be used to triage and expedite risk\u00a0assessment.\u00a0Furthermore, the limitations and statistical strength of the diagnostic tools currently in clinical practice are evaluated. Criteria on rapid screening, discharge from hospital and discontinuation of self-quarantine are clarified. Epidemiological factors influencing the rapid rate of spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus are described. Accurate information pertinent to improving prevention strategies is also discussed. The penultimate portion of the review aims to explain the involvement of micronutrients such as vitamin C and vitamin D\u00a0in COVID19 treatment and prophylaxis. Furthermore, the biochemistry of the major candidates for novel therapies is briefly reviewed and a summary of their current status in the clinical trials is presented. Lastly, the current scientific data and status of governing bodies such as the Center of Disease Control (CDC) and the WHO on the usage of controversial therapies such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (Ibuprofen), and corticosteroids usage in COVID-19 are discussed. The composite collection of accredited studies on each of these subtopics of COVID-19 within this review will enable clarification and focus on the current status and direction\u00a0in the planning of the management of this global pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32352836, "title": "Emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: what you need to know for practice.", "journal": "Ann R Coll Surg Engl", "authors": ["De Simone, B", "Chouillard, E", "Di Saverio, S", "Pagani, L", "Sartelli, M", "Biffl, W L", "Coccolini, F", "Pieri, A", "Khan, M", "Borzellino, G", "Campanile, F C", "Ansaloni, L", "Catena, F"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352836", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several articles have been published about the reorganisation of surgical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic but few, if any, have focused on the impact that this has had on emergency and trauma surgery. Our aim was to review the most current data on COVID-19 to provide essential suggestions on how to manage the acute abdomen during the pandemic. A systematic review was conducted of the most relevant English language articles on COVID-19 and surgery published between 15 December 2019 and 30 March 2020. Access to the operating theatre is almost exclusively restricted to emergencies and oncological procedures. The use of laparoscopy in COVID-19 positive patients should be cautiously considered. The main risk lies in the presence of the virus in the pneumoperitoneum: the aerosol released in the operating theatre could contaminate both staff and the environment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, all efforts should be deployed in order to evaluate the feasibility of postponing surgery until the patient is no longer considered potentially infectious or at risk of perioperative complications. If surgery is deemed necessary, the emergency surgeon must minimise the risk of exposure to the virus by involving a minimal number of healthcare staff and shortening the occupation of the operating theatre. In case of a lack of security measures to enable safe laparoscopy, open surgery should be considered."}, {"pmid": 32204987, "pmcid": "PMC7156150", "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Spectrum of CT Findings and Temporal Progression of the Disease.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Mingzhi", "Lei, Pinggui", "Zeng, Bingliang", "Li, Zongliang", "Yu, Peng", "Fan, Bing", "Wang, Chuanhong", "Li, Zicong", "Zhou, Jian", "Hu, Shaobo", "Liu, Hao"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204987", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease is an emerging infection caused by a novel coronavirus that is moving rapidly. High resolution computed tomography (CT) allows objective evaluation of the lung lesions, thus enabling us to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease. With serial CT examinations, the occurrence, development, and prognosis of the disease can be better understood. The imaging can be sorted into four phases: early phase, progressive phase, severe phase, and dissipative phase. The CT appearance of each phase and temporal progression of the imaging findings are demonstrated."}, {"pmid": 32509289, "pmcid": "PMC7242884", "title": "The case for compulsory licensing during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Wong, Hilary"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509289", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513054, "title": "Addressing the Impact of COVID-19 on the Residency Application Process Through a Virtual Subinternship.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Farlow, Janice L", "Marchiano, Emily J", "Fischer, Ilana P", "Moyer, Jeffrey S", "Thorne, Marc C", "Bohm, Lauren A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513054", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Senior medical students are facing an unparalleled experiential gap left by COVID-19 restrictions. Due to a shared commitment to safety, equity, and well-being, away rotations are actively being discouraged or even prohibited. As a result, students transitioning to residency encounter reduced clinical training experiences and decreased access to advising, mentorship, and research opportunities. In addition, limited exposure to residency life across subspecialties and institutions poses unique challenges during the current residency application cycle. The otolaryngology-head and neck surgery community has met these unprecedented challenges by producing diverse electronic resources for specialty-specific clinical education, as well as discussing ways to increase access to advising. In this commentary, we review these initiatives and propose an institutional virtual event as a platform for meeting goals previously achieved by visiting subinternships."}, {"pmid": 32371168, "pmcid": "PMC7252030", "title": "The Topic of COVID-19-Related Liver Injury Needs More Rigorous Research.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Lv, Xiu-He", "Yang, Jin-Lin", "Deng, Kai"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371168", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405226, "pmcid": "PMC7217791", "title": "Anti-malarial drug, artemisinin and its derivatives for the treatment of respiratory diseases.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Cheong, Dorothy H J", "Tan, Daniel W S", "Wong, Fred W S", "Tran, Thai"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405226", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Artemisinins are sesquiterpene lactones with a peroxide moiety that are isolated from the herb Artemisia annua. It has been used for centuries for the treatment of fever and chills, and has been recently approved for the treatment of malaria due to its endoperoxidase properties. Progressively, research has found that artemisinins displayed multiple pharmacological actions against inflammation, viral infections, and cell and tumour proliferation, making it effective against diseases. Moreover, it has displayed a relatively safe toxicity profile. The use of artemisinins against different respiratory diseases has been investigated in lung cancer models and inflammatory-driven respiratory disorders. These studies revealed the ability of artemisinins in attenuating proliferation, inflammation, invasion, and metastasis, and in inducing apoptosis. Artemisinins can regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), promote cell cycle arrest, drive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induce Bak or Bax-dependent or independent apoptosis. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive update of the current knowledge of the effects of artemisinins in relation to respiratory diseases to identify gaps that need to be filled in the course of repurposing artemisinins for the treatment of respiratory diseases. In addition, we postulate whether artemisinins can also be repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19 given its anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties."}, {"pmid": 32365354, "title": "Effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions to contain COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Lai, Shengjie", "Ruktanonchai, Nick W", "Zhou, Liangcai", "Prosper, Olivia", "Luo, Wei", "Floyd, Jessica R", "Wesolowski, Amy", "Santillana, Mauricio", "Zhang, Chi", "Du, Xiangjun", "Yu, Hongjie", "Tatem, Andrew J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365354", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic1. The outbreak containment strategies in China based on non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) appear to be effective2, but quantitative research is still needed to assess the efficacy of NPIs and their timings3. Using epidemiological and anonymised human movement data4,5, here we develop a modelling framework that uses daily travel networks to simulate different outbreak and intervention scenarios across China. We estimated that there were a total of 114,325 COVID-19 cases (interquartile range 76,776 - 164,576) in mainland China as of February 29, 2020. Without NPIs, the COVID-19 cases would likely have shown a 67-fold increase (interquartile range 44 - 94) by February 29, 2020, with the effectiveness of different interventions varying. The early detection and isolation of cases was estimated to have prevented more infections than travel restrictions and contact reductions, but combined NPIs achieved the strongest and most rapid effect. The lifting of travel restrictions since February 17, 2020 does not appear to lead to an increase in cases across China if the social distancing interventions can be maintained, even at a limited level of 25% reduction on average through late April. Our findings contribute to an improved understanding of NPIs on COVID-19 and to inform response efforts across the World."}, {"pmid": 32253179, "title": "Covid-19: Don't apply advance care plans to groups of people, doctors' leaders warn.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253179", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305487, "pmcid": "PMC7162743", "title": "Risk factors for severe COVID-19: Evidence from 167 hospitalized patients in Anhui, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wei, Yuan-Yuan", "Wang, Rui-Rui", "Zhang, Da-Wei", "Tu, You-Hui", "Chen, Chang-Shan", "Ji, Shuang", "Li, Chun-Xi", "Li, Xiu-Yong", "Zhou, Meng-Xi", "Cao, Wen-Sheng", "Han, Ming-Feng", "Fei, Guang-He"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305487", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451137, "pmcid": "PMC7198140", "title": "[How to approach intravitreal injections during this COVID-19 pandemic ?]", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Kodjikian, L"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451137", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239747, "title": "Early advice on managing children with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic and a call for sharing experiences.", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Bouffet, Eric", "Challinor, Julia", "Sullivan, Michael", "Biondi, Andrea", "Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos", "Pritchard-Jones, Kathy"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239747", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510762, "title": "Time-to-change: dementia care in COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychogeriatrics", "authors": ["Shea, Yat F", "Wan, Wai H", "Chan, Maggie M K", "DeKosky, Steven T"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510762", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434798, "title": "Minimizing SARS-CoV-2 exposure when performing surgical interventions during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["Pandey, Aditya S", "Ringer, Andrew J", "Rai, Ansaar T", "Kan, Peter", "Jabbour, Pascal", "Siddiqui, Adnan H", "Levy, Elad I", "Snyder, Kenneth V", "Riina, Howard", "Tanweer, Omar", "Levitt, Michael R", "Kim, Louis J", "Veznedaroglu, Erol", "Binning, Mandy J", "Arthur, Adam S", "Mocco, J", "Schirmer, Clemens", "Thompson, Byron Gregory", "Langer, David"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434798", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection from the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the large number of patients affected, healthcare personnel and facility resources are stretched to the limit; however, the need for urgent and emergent neurosurgical care continues. This article describes best practices when performing neurosurgical procedures on patients with COVID-19 based on multi-institutional experiences. We assembled neurosurgical practitioners from 13 different health systems from across the USA, including those in hot spots, to describe their practices in managing neurosurgical emergencies within the COVID-19 environment. Patients presenting with neurosurgical emergencies should be considered as persons under investigation (PUI) and thus maximal personal protective equipment (PPE) should be donned during interaction and transfer. Intubations and extubations should be done with only anesthesia staff donning maximal PPE in a negative pressure environment. Operating room (OR) staff should enter the room once the air has been cleared of particulate matter. Certain OR suites should be designated as covid ORs, thus allowing for all neurosurgical cases on covid/PUI patients to be performed in these rooms, which will require a terminal clean post procedure. Each COVID OR suite should be attached to an anteroom which is a negative pressure room with a HEPA filter, thus allowing for donning and doffing of PPE without risking contamination of clean areas. Based on a multi-institutional collaborative effort, we describe best practices when providing neurosurgical treatment for patients with COVID-19 in order to optimize clinical care and minimize the exposure of patients and staff."}, {"pmid": 32386446, "pmcid": "PMC7273085", "title": "Atypical erythema multiforme palmar plaques lesions due to Sars-Cov-2.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Janah, H", "Zinebi, A", "Elbenaye, J"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386446", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484943, "title": "Recognizing and Mitigating the Threat Posed by COVID-19 to Otolaryngologists: A UK Perspective.", "journal": "Laryngoscope", "authors": ["Kumar, Nirmal", "Garas, George", "Swift, Andrew C", "O'Donoghue, Gerard M"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484943", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398402, "pmcid": "PMC7268848", "title": "Point of care procedures in physiatry: Practice considerations during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Karri, Jay", "Seymour, Michelle L", "Verduzco-Gutierrez, Monica", "Jayaram, Prathap"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398402", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an active pandemic that has required rapid conversion of practice patterns to mitigate disease spread. Although recommendations have been released for physicians to postpone elective procedures, the utility of common physiatry procedures and their infectious risk profile have yet to be clearly delineated. In this article, we describe an update on existing national recommendations and outline considerations as practitioners and institutions strive to meet the needs of patients with disabilities."}, {"pmid": 32401460, "title": "Is the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic an Indication to Temporarily Modify Dermatological Management Plans?", "journal": "J Drugs Dermatol", "authors": ["Shanshal, Mohammed"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401460", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442002, "title": "Troubleshoot It: Accuracy of Various Thermometer Types Is Important to Consider During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Biomed Instrum Technol", "authors": ["Crossley, Becky"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442002", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506118, "title": "Occurrence and Timing of Subsequent SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Positivity Among Initially Negative Patients.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Long, Dustin R", "Gombar, Saurabh", "Hogan, Catherine A", "Greninger, Alexander L", "Shah, Vikas O'Reilly", "Bryson-Cahn, Chloe", "Stevens, Bryan", "Rustagi, Arjun", "Jerome, Keith R", "Kong, Christina S", "Zehnder, James", "Shah, Nigam H", "Weiss, Noel S", "Pinsky, Benjamin A", "Sunshine, Jacob"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506118", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using data for 20,912 patients from two large academic health systems, we analyzed the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test-discordance among individuals initially testing negative by nasopharyngeal swab who were retested on clinical grounds within 7 days. The frequency of subsequent positivity within this window was 3.5% and similar across institutions."}, {"pmid": 32463752, "title": "Patient safety reports round-up during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Tingle, John"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463752", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses some recent patient safety reports, revealing that patient safety concerns continue during the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32475376, "title": "The Role of Integrated Mental Health and Community Trusts in Responding to the Covid-19 Pandemic in the UK.", "journal": "BJPsych Bull", "authors": ["Tracy, Derek", "Forrest, Anna", "Underwood, Benjamin R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475376", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512132, "title": "Assessing the fear of COVID-19 among different populations: A response to Ransing et al. (2020).", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Pakpour, Amir H", "Griffiths, Mark D", "Chang, Kun-Chia", "Chen, Yu-Pin", "Kuo, Yi-Jie", "Lin, Chung-Ying"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512132", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507368, "title": "SARS-COV-2 associated acute pancreatitis: Cause, consequence or epiphenomenon?", "journal": "Pancreatology", "authors": ["Bonney, Glenn Kunnath", "Gao, Yujia", "Chew, Claire Alexandra", "Windsor, John Albert"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507368", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329388, "title": "Positive RT-PCR test results after consecutively negative results in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Liang, Chao", "Cao, JiaTian", "Liu, Zilong", "Ge, Feng", "Cang, Jing", "Miao, Changhong", "Luo, JianFei"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329388", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328685, "pmcid": "PMC7178095", "title": "[Coronavirus pandemic and the future of outpatient and inpatient urology? : Subjective opinion from a \"hotspot\"].", "journal": "Urologe A", "authors": ["Klotz, T"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328685", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286674, "title": "Rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Brugliera, Luigia", "Spina, Alfio", "Castellazzi, Paola", "Cimino, Paolo", "Tettamanti, Andrea", "Houdayer, Elise", "Arcuri, Pietro", "Alemanno, Federica", "Mortini, Pietro", "Iannaccone, Sandro"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286674", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348545, "pmcid": "PMC7267236", "title": "Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Galvan Casas, C", "Catala, A", "Carretero Hernandez, G", "Rodriguez-Jimenez, P", "Fernandez Nieto, D", "Rodriguez-Villa Lario, A", "Navarro Fernandez, I", "Ruiz-Villaverde, R", "Falkenhain, D", "Llamas Velasco, M", "Garcia-Gavin, J", "Baniandres, O", "Gonzalez-Cruz, C", "Morillas-Lahuerta, V", "Cubiro, X", "Figueras Nart, I", "Selda-Enriquez, G", "Romani, J", "Fusta-Novell, X", "Melian-Olivera, A", "Roncero Riesco, M", "Burgos-Blasco, P", "Sola Ortigosa, J", "Feito Rodriguez, M", "Garcia-Doval, I"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348545", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease are poorly characterized. To describe the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease and to relate them to other clinical findings. We carried out a nationwide case collection survey of images and clinical data. Using a consensus we described five clinical patterns. We later described the association of these patterns with patient demographics, the timing in relation to symptoms of the disease, the severity and the prognosis. The lesions may be classified as acral areas of erythema with vesicles or pustules (pseudo-chilblain) (19%), other vesicular eruptions (9%), urticarial lesions (19%), maculopapular eruptions (47%) and livedo or necrosis (6%). Vesicular eruptions appear early in the course of the disease (15% before other symptoms). The pseudo-chilblain pattern frequently appears late in the evolution of the COVID-19 disease (59% after other symptoms), while the rest tend to appear with other symptoms of COVID-19. The severity of COVID-19 shows a gradient from less severe disease in acral lesions to more severe in the latter groups. The results are similar for confirmed and suspected cases, in terms of both clinical and epidemiological findings. Alternative diagnoses are discussed but seem unlikely for the most specific patterns (pseudo-chilblain and vesicular). We provide a description of the cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection. These may help clinicians approach patients with the disease and recognize cases presenting with few symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32316830, "title": "COVID-19 FAQ's in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery.", "journal": "World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg", "authors": ["Levy, Emily", "Blumenthal, Jennifer", "Chiotos, Kathleen", "Dearani, Joseph A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316830", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506549, "title": "COVID-19: a global threat to the nervous system.", "journal": "Ann Neurol", "authors": ["Koralnik, Igor J", "Tyler, Kenneth L"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506549", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In less than 6\u2009months, the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide infecting nearly 6 million people and killing over 350,000. Initially thought to be restricted to the respiratory system, we now understand that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also involves multiple other organs including the central and peripheral nervous system. The number of recognized neurologic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly accumulating. These may result from a variety of mechanisms including virus-induced hyper-inflammatory and hypercoagulable states, direct virus infection of the CNS, and post-infectious immune mediated processes. Example of COVID-19 CNS disease include encephalopathy, encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, meningitis, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, venous sinus thrombosis and endothelialitis. In the peripheral nervous system COVID-19 is associated with dysfunction of smell and taste, muscle injury, the Guillain-Barre syndrome and its variants. Due to its worldwide distribution and multifactorial pathogenic mechanisms, COVID-19 poses a global threat to the entire nervous system. While our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathogenesis is still incomplete and our knowledge is evolving rapidly, we hope that this review will provide a useful framework and help neurologists in understanding the many neurologic facets of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32368928, "title": "Can Chest CT Features Distinguish Patients With Negative From Those With Positive Initial RT-PCR Results for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)?", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Chen, Dandan", "Jiang, Xinqing", "Hong, Yong", "Wen, Zhihui", "Wei, Shuquan", "Peng, Guangming", "Wei, Xinhua"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368928", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to explore the value of CT in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia, especially for patients who have negative initial results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia from January 19, 2020, to February 20, 2020, were included. All patients underwent chest CT and swab RT-PCR tests within 3 days. Patients were divided into groups with negative (seven patients) and positive (14 patients) initial RT-PCR results. The imaging findings in both groups were recorded and compared. RESULTS. Twenty-one patients with symptoms (nine men, 12 women; age range, 26-90 years) were evaluated. Most of the COVID-19 lesions were located in multiple lobes (67%) in both lungs (72%) in our study. The main CT features were ground-glass opacity (95%) and consolidation (72%) with a subpleural distribution (100%). Otherwise, 33% of patients had other lesions around the bronchovascular bundle. The other CT features included air bronchogram (57%), vascular enlargement (67%), interlobular septal thickening (62%), and pleural effusions (19%). Compared with that in the group with positive initial RT-PCR results, CT of the group with negative initial RT-PCR results was less likely to show pulmonary consolidation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION. The less pulmonary consolidation found at CT, the greater is the possibility of negative initial RT-PCR results. Chest CT is important in the screening of patients in whom disease is clinically suspected, especially those who have negative initial RT-PCR results."}, {"pmid": 32398804, "pmcid": "PMC7214859", "title": "Is aberrant CD8+ T cell activation by hypertension associated with cardiac injury in severe cases of COVID-19?", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Zhang, Chao", "Wang, Fu-Sheng", "Silvestre, Jean-Sebastien", "Arenzana-Seisdedos, Fernando", "Tang, Hong"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398804", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416901, "pmcid": "PMC7220170", "title": "Potential implications of SARS-CoV-2 on pregnancy.", "journal": "Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Tseng, Jen-Yu"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416901", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525566, "title": "Low prevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Cancer", "authors": ["Liu, Tao", "Zeng, Guang", "Tao, Huangheng", "Shi, Yue", "Wang, Ting", "Liu, Tongzu", "Guo, Fangjian", "Zhou, Fuling", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525566", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516187, "title": "Exercise-related Mental Health Problems and Solutions during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Curr Sports Med Rep", "authors": ["Morrey, Luke B", "Roberts, William O", "Wichser, Lora"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516187", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434610, "title": "Forensic Psychiatry and Covid-19: Accelerating Transformation in Forensic Psychiatry.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Kennedy, Harry G", "Mohan, Damian", "Davoren, Mary"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434610", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Swift medically led scientifically informed responses to the Covid-19 epidemic nationally have been demonstrably superior to other, non-scientific approaches. In forensic psychiatry and across all psychiatric services, urgent and clinically led responses have underlined redundancies and confusions in the governance of mental health services and a vacuum in policy makers. For the future, a greater emphasis on services for patients with schizophrenia and other severe, enduring mental disorders must aim at reducing standardised mortality ratios, managing risk of violence and improving hard outcomes such as symptomatic remission, functional recovery and forensic recovery of autonomy. This will require more use of information technology at service level and at national level where Scandinavian-style population based data linkage research must now become legally sanctioned and necessary. A national research and development centre for medical excellence in forensic psychiatry is urgently required and is complimentary to and different from quality management."}, {"pmid": 32474398, "pmcid": "PMC7207106", "title": "Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and lung transplantation program in France.", "journal": "Respir Med Res", "authors": ["Picard, C", "Le Pavec, J", "Tissot, A"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474398", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376670, "title": "Covid-19: the challenge of patient rehabilitation after intensive care.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Thornton, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376670", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525560, "title": "Transforming a research institute into a COVID diagnostic centre - scientists step forward to protect public health during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "FEBS Lett", "authors": ["Ruffell, Daniela"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525560", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Let's face it: COVID-19 caught us unprepared. Virologists had abundantly described the mutagenic nature of viruses and their potential infectivity. And yet, mankind was surprised by the sudden appearance of SARS-CoV-2. We saw what happened in China and watched the coronavirus spread through countries, but we were slow in reacting."}, {"pmid": 32507608, "title": "Hepatic consequences of COVID-19 infection. Lapping or biting?", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Portincasa, Piero", "Krawczyk, Marcin", "Machill, Antonia", "Lammert, Frank", "Di Ciaula, Agostino"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507608", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) starting last December in China placed emphasis on liver involvement during infection. This review discusses the underlying mechanisms linking COVID-19 to liver dysfunction, according to recent available information, while waiting further studies. The manifestations of liver damage are usually mild (moderately elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase activities), and generally asymptomatic. Few patients can still develop severe liver problems, and therapeutic options can be limited. Liver dysfunction may affect about one-third of the patients, with prevalence greater in men than women, and in elderly. Mechanisms of damage are complex and include direct cholangiocyte damage and other coexisting conditions such as the use of antiviral drugs, systemic inflammatory response, respiratory distress syndrome-induced hypoxia, sepsis, and multiple organ dysfunction. During new COVID-19 infections, liver injury may be observed. If liver involvement appears during COVID-19 infection, however, attention is required. This is particularly true if patients are older or have a pre-existing history of liver diseases. During COVID-19 infection, the onset of liver damage impairs the prognosis, and hospital stay is longer."}, {"pmid": 32253759, "pmcid": "PMC7262125", "title": "Tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19: A single center experience.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Luo, Pan", "Liu, Yi", "Qiu, Lin", "Liu, Xiulan", "Liu, Dong", "Li, Juan"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253759", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tocilizumab (TCZ), a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6 (IL-6), emerged as an alternative treatment for COVID-19 patients with a risk of cytokine storms recently. In the present study, we aimed to discuss the treatment response of TCZ therapy in COVID-19 infected patients. The demographic, treatment, laboratory parameters of C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 before and after TCZ therapy and clinical outcome in the 15 COVID-19 patients were retrospectively assessed.\u00a0Totally 15 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. Two of them were moderately ill, six were seriously ill and seven were critically ill. The TCZ was used in combination with methylprednisolone in eight patients. Five patients received the TCZ administration twice or more. Although TCZ treatment ameliorated the increased CRP in all patients rapidly, for the four critically ill patients who received an only single dose of TCZ, three of them (No. 1, 2, and 3) still dead and the CRP level in the rest one patient (No. 7) failed to return to normal range with a clinical outcome of disease aggravation. Serum IL-6 level tended to further spiked firstly and then decreased after TCZ therapy in 10 patients. A persistent and dramatic increase of IL-6 was observed in these four patients who failed treatment.\u00a0TCZ appears to be an effective treatment option in COVID-19 patients with a risk of cytokine storms. And for these critically ill patients with elevated IL-6, the repeated dose of the TCZ is recommended."}, {"pmid": 32307549, "pmcid": "PMC7188142", "title": "A single mass gathering resulted in massive transmission of COVID-19 infections in Malaysia with further international spread.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Che Mat, Nor Fazila", "Edinur, Hisham Atan", "Abdul Razab, Mohammad Khairul Azhar", "Safuan, Sabreena"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307549", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334692, "pmcid": "PMC7180010", "title": "Travel restrictions hampering COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Devi, Sharmila"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334692", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389499, "pmcid": "PMC7252014", "title": "Inflamm-aging: Why older men are the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 complicated outcomes.", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Bonafe, Massimiliano", "Prattichizzo, Francesco", "Giuliani, Angelica", "Storci, Gianluca", "Sabbatinelli, Jacopo", "Olivieri, Fabiola"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389499", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by a high mortality of elderly men with age-related comorbidities. In most of these patients, uncontrolled local and systemic hyperinflammation induces severe and often lethal outcomes. The aging process is characterized by the gradual development of a chronic subclinical systemic inflammation (inflamm-aging) and by acquired immune system impairment (immune senescence). Here, we advance the hypothesis that four well-recognized features of aging contribute to the disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 mortality suffered by elderly men: i. the presence of subclinical systemic inflammation without overt disease, ii. a blunted acquired immune system and type I interferon response due to the chronic inflammation; iii. the downregulation of ACE2 (i.e. the SARS-CoV-2 receptor); and iv. accelerated biological aging. The high mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests that clarification of the mechanisms of inflamm-aging and immune senescence can help combat not only age-related disorders but also SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32245859, "title": "In other covid-19 news.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245859", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171872, "pmcid": "PMC7156152", "title": "Arbidol combined with LPV/r versus LPV/r alone against Corona Virus Disease 2019: A retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Deng, Lisi", "Li, Chunna", "Zeng, Qi", "Liu, Xi", "Li, Xinghua", "Zhang, Haitang", "Hong, Zhongsi", "Xia, Jinyu"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171872", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China. We aimed to compare arbidol and lopinavir/ritonavir(LPV/r) treatment for patients with COVID-19 with LPV/r only. In this retrospective cohort study, we included adults (age\u226518years) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 without Invasive ventilation, diagnosed between Jan 17, 2020, and Feb 13, 2020. Patients, diagnosed after Jan 17, 2020, were given oral arbidol and LPV/r in the combination group and oral LPV/r only in the monotherapy group for 5-21 days. The primary endpoint was a negative conversion rate of coronavirus from the date of COVID-19 diagnosis(day7, day14), and assessed whether the pneumonia was progressing or improving by chest CT (day7). We analyzed 16 patients who received oral arbidol and LPV/r in the combination group and 17 who oral LPV/r only in the monotherapy group, and both initiated after diagnosis. Baseline clinical, laboratory, and chest CT characteristics were similar between groups. The SARS-CoV-2 could not be detected for 12(75%) of 16 patients' nasopharyngeal specimens in the combination group after seven days, compared with 6 (35%) of 17 in the monotherapy group (p < 0\u00b705). After 14 days, 15 (94%) of 16 and 9 (52\u00b79%) of 17, respectively, SARS-CoV-2 could not be detected (p < 0\u00b705). The chest CT scans were improving for 11(69%) of 16 patients in the combination group after seven days, compared with 5(29%) of 17 in the monotherapy group (p < 0\u00b705). In patients with COVID-19, the apparent favorable clinical response with arbidol and LPV/r supports further LPV/r only."}, {"pmid": 32502430, "pmcid": "PMC7266576", "title": "COVID-19 and essential pregnant worker policies.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["McDonald, Elizabeth S"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502430", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32191813, "title": "COVID-19 epidemic in Switzerland: on the importance of testing, contact tracing and isolation.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Salathe, Marcel", "Althaus, Christian L", "Neher, Richard", "Stringhini, Silvia", "Hodcroft, Emma", "Fellay, Jacques", "Zwahlen, Marcel", "Senti, Gabriela", "Battegay, Manuel", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Eckerle, Isabella", "Egger, Matthias", "Low, Nicola"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191813", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Switzerland is among the countries with the highest number of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases per capita in the world. There are likely many people with undetected SARS-CoV-2 infection because testing efforts are currently not detecting all infected people, including some with clinical disease compatible with COVID-19. Testing on its own will not stop the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Testing is part of a strategy. The World Health Organization recommends a combination of measures: rapid diagnosis and immediate isolation of cases, rigorous tracking and precautionary self-isolation of close contacts. In this article, we explain why the testing strategy in Switzerland should be strengthened urgently, as a core component of a combination approach to control COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32531046, "title": "Remote Methods for Conducting Tobacco-Focused Clinical Trials.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Dahne, Jennifer", "Tomko, Rachel L", "McClure, Erin A", "Obeid, Jihad S", "Carpenter, Matthew J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531046", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most tobacco-focused clinical trials are based on locally-conducted studies that face significant challenges to implementation and successful execution. These challenges include the need for large, diverse, yet still representative study samples. This often means a protracted, costly, and inefficient recruitment process. Multi-site clinical trials can overcome some of these hurdles but incur their own unique challenges. With recent advances in mobile health (mHealth) and digital technologies, there is now a promising alternative: Remote Trials. These trials are led and coordinated by a local investigative team, but are based remotely, within a given community, state, or even nation. The remote approach affords many of the benefits of multi-site trials (more efficient recruitment of larger study samples) without the same barriers (cost, multi-site management, regulatory hurdles). The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) global health pandemic has resulted in rapid requirements to shift ongoing clinical trials to remote delivery and assessment platforms, making methods for the conduct of remote trials even more timely. The purpose of the present manuscript it to provide an overview of available methods for the conduct of remote tobacco-focused clinical trials as well as illustrative examples of how these methods have been implemented across recently completed and ongoing tobacco studies. We focus on key aspects of the clinical trial pipeline including remote: 1) study recruitment and screening, 2) informed consent, 3) assessment, 4) biomarker collection, and 5) medication adherence monitoring."}, {"pmid": 32497749, "pmcid": "PMC7262520", "title": "COVID-19 and SIC (!).", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Nevzorov, Ilja", "Tulamo, Riikka", "Alback, Anders", "Lassila, Riitta"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497749", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349121, "title": "Massively multiplexed nucleic acid detection with Cas13.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ackerman, Cheri M", "Myhrvold, Cameron", "Thakku, Sri Gowtham", "Freije, Catherine A", "Metsky, Hayden C", "Yang, David K", "Ye, Simon H", "Boehm, Chloe K", "Kosoko-Thoroddsen, Tinna-Solveig F", "Kehe, Jared", "Nguyen, Tien G", "Carter, Amber", "Kulesa, Anthony", "Barnes, John R", "Dugan, Vivien G", "Hung, Deborah T", "Blainey, Paul C", "Sabeti, Pardis C"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349121", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The great majority of globally circulating pathogens go undetected, undermining patient care and hindering outbreak preparedness and response. To enable routine surveillance and comprehensive diagnostic applications, there is a need for detection technologies that can scale to test many samples1-3 while simultaneously testing for many pathogens4-6. Here, we develop Combinatorial Arrayed Reactions for Multiplexed Evaluation of Nucleic acids (CARMEN), a platform for scalable, multiplexed pathogen detection. In the CARMEN platform, nanolitre droplets containing CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection reagents7 self-organize in a microwell array8 to pair with droplets of amplified samples, testing each sample against each CRISPR RNA (crRNA) in replicate. The combination of CARMEN and Cas13 detection (CARMEN-Cas13) enables robust testing of more than 4,500 crRNA-target pairs on a single array. Using CARMEN-Cas13, we developed a multiplexed assay that simultaneously differentiates all 169 human-associated viruses with at least 10 published genome sequences and rapidly incorporated an additional crRNA to detect the causative agent of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. CARMEN-Cas13 further enables comprehensive subtyping of influenza A strains and multiplexed identification of dozens of HIV drug-resistance mutations. The intrinsic multiplexing and throughput capabilities of CARMEN make it practical to scale, as miniaturization decreases reagent cost per test by more than 300-fold. Scalable, highly multiplexed CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection shifts diagnostic and surveillance efforts from targeted testing of high-priority samples to comprehensive testing of large sample sets, greatly benefiting patients and public health9-11."}, {"pmid": 32167166, "pmcid": "PMC7228214", "title": "An exclusive 42 amino acid signature in pp1ab protein provides insights into the evolutive history of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cardenas-Conejo, Yair", "Linan-Rico, Andromeda", "Garcia-Rodriguez, Daniel Alejandro", "Centeno-Leija, Sara", "Serrano-Posada, Hugo"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167166", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China, was the origin of a severe pneumonia outbreak in December 2019, attributed to a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]), causing a total of 2761 deaths and 81109 cases (25 February 2020). SARS-CoV-2 belongs to genus Betacoronavirus, subgenus Sarbecovirus. The polyprotein 1ab (pp1ab) remains unstudied thoroughly since it is similar to other sarbecoviruses. In this short communication, we performed phylogenetic-structural sequence analysis of pp1ab protein of SARS-CoV-2. The analysis showed that the viral pp1ab has not changed in most isolates throughout the outbreak time, but interestingly a deletion of 8 aa in the virulence factor nonstructural protein 1 was found in a virus isolated from a Japanese patient that did not display critical symptoms. While comparing pp1ab protein with other betacoronaviruses, we found a 42 amino acid signature that is only present in SARS-CoV-2 (AS-SCoV2). Members from clade 2 of sarbecoviruses have traces of this signature. The AS-SCoV2 located in the acidic-domain of papain-like protein of SARS-CoV-2 and bat-SL-CoV-RatG13 guided us to suggest that the novel 2019 coronavirus probably emerged by genetic drift from bat-SL-CoV-RaTG13. The implication of this amino acid signature in papain-like protein structure arrangement and function is something worth to be explored."}, {"pmid": 32196995, "pmcid": "PMC7167630", "title": "Clinical features in pediatric COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Yasri, Sora", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196995", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392352, "pmcid": "PMC7272869", "title": "Helping medical educators world-wide pivot their curricula online: PivotMedEd.com.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Keegan, David A", "Chan, Ming-Ka", "Chan, Teresa"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392352", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many countries implementing restrictions on group gatherings and educational events, creating imperatives for educators to move curricula online with short notice. Within medical schools and health sciences programs, this urgency was compounded by competing priorities of healthcare delivery, since many educators were also clinicians."}, {"pmid": 32516624, "title": "Readability of online patient education material for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a cross-sectional health literacy study.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Szmuda, T", "Ozdemir, C", "Ali, S", "Singh, A", "Syed, M T", "Sloniewski, P"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516624", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The internet has become one of the most important resources for the general population when searching for healthcare information. However, the information available is not always suitable for all readers because of its difficult readability. We sought to assess the readability of online information regarding the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and establish whether they follow the patient educational information reading level recommendations. This is a cross-sectional study. We searched five key terms on Google and the first 30 results from each of the searches were considered for analysis. Five validated readability tests were utilized to establish the reading level for each article. Of the 150 gathered articles, 61 met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated. None (0%) of the articles met the recommended 5th to 6th grade reading level (of an 11-12-year-old). The mean readability scores were Flesch Reading Ease 44.14, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level 12.04, Gunning-Fog Index 14.27, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook SMOG Index 10.71, and Coleman-Liau Index 12.69. Online educational articles on COVID-19 provide information too difficult to read for the general population. The readability of articles regarding COVID-19 and other diseases needs to improve so that the general population may understand health information better and may respond adequately to protect themselves and limit the spread of infection."}, {"pmid": 32397530, "title": "Safety Recommendations and Medical Liability in Ocular Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Unsolved Dilemma.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Napoli, Pietro Emanuele", "Nioi, Matteo", "d'Aloja, Ernesto", "Fossarello, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397530", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ocular surgery is one of the most performed medical procedures in the world. Its limitation or suspension, recursively extended over time, could be associated with a significant increase in the number of blind people worldwide. Indeed, cataract causes more than half of all cases of visual impairment in those countries with limited availability of means for performing eye operations (e.g., Africa or India). In this scenario, the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quickly resulted in the suspension or sharp reduction of various ophthalmic activities considered non-urgent, including lens replacement surgery or some intraocular injections. Despite the imperative need to continuously practice eye operations to avoid the abovementioned problems, there are currently little-shared and vague recommendations among the various countries on safety in operating rooms (for health care workers and patients) and poor legal protection for surgeons (potentially transmitting the COVID-19 infectious agent). Herein, we individuated and discussed some critical points in safety recommendations and medical liability. A paradigm shift for ocular surgery during the COVID-19 era is now mandatory. While telemedicine has been able to solve some problems in clinical ophthalmology, the lack of adequate health and legal protection for surgeons and patients may result in an excessive reduction in the volume of surgical interventions during a pandemic era and the immediately following period, thus determining inability to ensure health care to all patients."}, {"pmid": 32405839, "pmcid": "PMC7220613", "title": "[Prioritization of geriatric patients in care homes and residential homes in the context of the COVID pandemic].", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Michels, Guido", "Heppner, Hans-Jurgen"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405839", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293518, "pmcid": "PMC7156900", "title": "Prognosis when using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill COVID-19 patients in China: a retrospective case series.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Zeng, Yingchun", "Cai, Zhongxiang", "Xianyu, Yunyan", "Yang, Bing Xiang", "Song, Ting", "Yan, Qiaoyuan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293518", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504742, "title": "Is the conclusion available? Letter to the Editor concerning the study of Prof. Jin titled \"Clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women suspected of coronavirus disease 2019\".", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Xie, Han", "Ying, Hao"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504742", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299663, "pmcid": "PMC7271288", "title": "[Covid-19 epidemic: guidelines issued by the French society of oncology radiotherapy (SFRO) for oncology radiotherapy professionals].", "journal": "Cancer Radiother", "authors": ["Giraud, P", "Monpetit, E", "Lisbona, A", "Chargari, C", "Marchesi, V", "Dieudonne, A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299663", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311297, "pmcid": "PMC7258628", "title": "COVID-19: First Do No Harm.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Waterer, Grant W", "Rello, Jordi", "Wunderink, Richard G"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311297", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369669, "title": "A Neuroendocrine Tumor Specialty Center in New Orleans' (NOLANETS) Response to Patient Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Ramirez, Robert A", "Bren-Mattison, Yvette", "Thiagarajan, Ramcharan", "Boudreaux, J Philip", "Marsala, Andrew J", "Ryan, Pamela", "Maluccio, Mary A"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369669", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221117, "pmcid": "PMC7188030", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak and Surgical Practice: Unexpected Fatality in Perioperative Period.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Aminian, Ali", "Safari, Saeed", "Razeghian-Jahromi, Abdolali", "Ghorbani, Mohammad", "Delaney, Conor P"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221117", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": Little is known about surgical practice in the initial phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global crisis. This is a retrospective case series of 4 surgical patients (cholecystectomy, hernia repair, gastric bypass, and hysterectomy) who developed perioperative complications in the first few weeks of COVID-19 outbreak in Tehran, Iran in the month of February 2020. COVID-19 can complicate the perioperative course with diagnostic challenge and a high potential fatality rate. In locations with widespread infections and limited resources, the risk of elective surgical procedures for index patient and community may outweigh the benefit."}, {"pmid": 32507360, "title": "Delirium, sleep, COVID-19 and melatonin.", "journal": "Sleep Med", "authors": ["Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507360", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458550, "title": "COVID-19-related anxiety predicts somatic symptoms in the UK population.", "journal": "Br J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Shevlin, Mark", "Nolan, Emma", "Owczarek, Marcin", "McBride, Orla", "Murphy, Jamie", "Gibson Miller, Jilly", "Hartman, Todd K", "Levita, Liat", "Mason, Liam", "Martinez, Anton P", "McKay, Ryan", "Stocks, Thomas V A", "Bennett, Kate M", "Hyland, Philip", "Bentall, Richard P"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458550", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to estimate the association between anxiety associated with COVID-19 and somatic symptoms, using data from a large, representative sample (N = 2,025) of the UK adult population. Results showed that moderate to high levels of anxiety associated with COVID-19 were significantly associated with general somatic symptoms and in particular with gastrointestinal and fatigue symptoms. This pattern of associations remained significant after controlling for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), pre-existing health problems, age, gender, and income. This is the first evidence that anxiety associated with COVID-19 makes a unique contribution to somatization, above and beyond the effect of GAD."}, {"pmid": 32433296, "pmcid": "PMC7268827", "title": "Should This Operation Proceed? When Residents and Faculty Disagree During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Recovery.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Tseng, Jennifer", "Roggin, Kevin K", "Angelos, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433296", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360567, "pmcid": "PMC7191276", "title": "Inflammatory bowel disease management during the COVID-19 outbreak: a survey from the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization (ECCO).", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["D'Amico, Ferdinando", "Danese, Silvio", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360567", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424196, "pmcid": "PMC7232918", "title": "COVID-19 and cancer: do we really know what we think we know?", "journal": "Nat Rev Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Robinson, Andrew G", "Gyawali, Bishal", "Evans, Gerald"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424196", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267243, "title": "Health risks and potential remedies during prolonged lockdowns for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Diagnosis (Berl)", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Henry, Brandon M", "Bovo, Chiara", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267243", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, an increasing number of countries and territories are adopting restrictive measures based on physical (\"social\") distancing, aimed at preventing human-to-human transmission and thereby limiting virus propagation. Nationwide lockdowns, encompassing mass quarantine under stay-at-home ordinances, have already been proven effective to contain the COVID-19 outbreak in some countries. Nevertheless, a prolonged homestay may also be associated with potential side effects, which may jeopardize people's health and thus must be recognized and mitigated in a way without violating local ordinances. Some of the most important undesirable consequences of prolonged homestay such as physical inactivity, weight gain, behavioral addiction disorders, insufficient sunlight exposure and social isolation will be critically addressed in this article, which also aims to provide some tentative recommendations for the alleviation of side effects."}, {"pmid": 32463005, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Challenge for the Cardiovascular Health.", "journal": "Curr Cardiol Rev", "authors": ["Crisafulli, Antonio", "Pagliaro, Pasquale"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463005", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317220, "pmcid": "PMC7164894", "title": "The anti-viral facet of anti-rheumatic drugs: Lessons from COVID-19.", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Perricone, Carlo", "Triggianese, Paola", "Bartoloni, Elena", "Cafaro, Giacomo", "Bonifacio, Angelo F", "Bursi, Roberto", "Perricone, Roberto", "Gerli, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317220", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has posed the world at a pandemic risk. Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which causes pneumonia, requires intensive care unit hospitalization in about 10% of cases and can lead to a fatal outcome. Several efforts are currently made to find a treatment for COVID-19 patients. So far, several anti-viral and immunosuppressive or immunomodulating drugs have demonstrated some efficacy on COVID-19 both in vitro and in animal models as well as in cases series. In COVID-19 patients a pro-inflammatory status with high levels of interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-1 receptor (R)A and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 has been demonstrated. Moreover, high levels of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 have been observed in patients requiring intensive-care-unit hospitalization. This provided rationale for the use of anti-rheumatic drugs as potential treatments for this severe viral infection. Other agents, such as hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine might have a direct anti-viral effect. The anti-viral aspect of immunosuppressants towards a variety of viruses has been known since long time and it is herein discussed in the view of searching for a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32479664, "title": "A Case Series of MGUS and COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Lugo, Jesus D", "Bachier-Rodriguez, Lizamarie", "Goldfinger, Mendel", "Shastri, Aditi", "Sica, R Alejandro", "Gritsman, Kira", "Mehta, Vikas", "Kabarriti, Rafi", "Goel, Sanjay", "Verma, Amit", "Braunschweig, Ira", "Kornblum, Noah", "Mantzaris, Ioannis"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479664", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) is a pre-malignant clonal plasma cell disorder, with 25 to 30% life-long risk of progression to multiple myeloma (MM).1 It is usually asymptomatic, but infrequently associated with several serious conditions, such as neuropathies, glomerulonephritis, and acquired angioedema.2 Moreover, a higher risk of infection and deep venous thrombosis has been reported in patients with MGUS.3,4."}, {"pmid": 32299636, "pmcid": "PMC7136883", "title": "Should we expect neurological symptoms in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic?", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Matias-Guiu, J", "Gomez-Pinedo, U", "Montero-Escribano, P", "Gomez-Iglesias, P", "Porta-Etessam, J", "Matias-Guiu, J A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299636", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can gain access to the central nervous system (CNS). We revise the literature on coronavirus infection of the CNS associated with neurological diseases. Neurological symptoms were rarely reported in the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV epidemics, although isolated cases were described. There are also reports of cases of neurological symptoms associated with CoV-OC43 and CoV-229E infection. The presence of neurological lesions, especially demyelinating lesions in the mouse hepatitis virus model, may explain the mechanisms by which coronaviruses enter the CNS, particularly those related with the immune response. This may explain the presence of coronavirus in patients with multiple sclerosis. We review the specific characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and address the question of whether the high number of cases may be associated with greater CNS involvement. Although neurological symptoms are not frequent in coronavirus epidemics, the high number of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection may explain the presence of the virus in the CNS and increase the likelihood of early- or delayed-onset neurological symptoms. Follow-up of patients affected by the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic should include careful assessment of the CNS."}, {"pmid": 32125371, "title": "Response to COVID-19 in Taiwan: Big Data Analytics, New Technology, and Proactive Testing.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Wang, C Jason", "Ng, Chun Y", "Brook, Robert H"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125371", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409741, "pmcid": "PMC7224130", "title": "Modulation of immune crosstalk in COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Salome, Berengere", "Mahmood, Zafar"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409741", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278360, "pmcid": "PMC7158943", "title": "A Spanish-translated clinical algorithm for management of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Martinez-Portilla, Raigam J", "Gonce, Anna", "Hawkins-Villarreal, Ameth", "Figueras, Francesc"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278360", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362645, "pmcid": "PMC7258758", "title": "Prudent public health intervention strategies to control the coronavirus disease 2019 transmission in India: A mathematical model-based approach.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Mandal, Sandip", "Bhatnagar, Tarun", "Arinaminpathy, Nimalan", "Agarwal, Anup", "Chowdhury, Amartya", "Murhekar, Manoj", "Gangakhedkar, Raman R", "Sarkar, Swarup"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362645", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised urgent questions about containment and mitigation, particularly in countries where the virus has not yet established human-to-human transmission. The objectives of this study were to find out if it was possible to prevent, or delay, the local outbreaks of COVID-19 through restrictions on travel from abroad and if the virus has already established in-country transmission, to what extent would its impact be mitigated through quarantine of symptomatic patients? These questions were addressed in the context of India, using simple mathematical models of infectious disease transmission. While there remained important uncertainties in the natural history of COVID-19, using hypothetical epidemic curves, some key findings were illustrated that appeared insensitive to model assumptions, as well as highlighting critical data gaps. It was assumed that symptomatic quarantine would identify and quarantine 50 per cent of symptomatic individuals within three days of developing symptoms. In an optimistic scenario of the basic reproduction number (R0) being 1.5, and asymptomatic infections lacking any infectiousness, such measures would reduce the cumulative incidence by 62 per cent. In the pessimistic scenario of R0=4, and asymptomatic infections being half as infectious as symptomatic, this projected impact falls to two per cent. Port-of-entry-based entry screening of travellers with suggestive clinical features and from COVID-19-affected countries, would achieve modest delays in the introduction of the virus into the community. Acting alone, however, such measures would be insufficient to delay the outbreak by weeks or longer. Once the virus establishes transmission within the community, quarantine of symptomatics may have a meaningful impact on disease burden. Model projections are subject to substantial uncertainty and can be further refined as more is understood about the natural history of infection of this novel virus. As a public health measure, health system and community preparedness would be critical to control any impending spread of COVID-19 in the country."}, {"pmid": 32421090, "pmcid": "PMC7224090", "title": "Farm resilience in the face of the unexpected: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Darnhofer, Ika"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421090", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213231, "pmcid": "PMC7156567", "title": "Absence of contamination of personal protective equipment (PPE) by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Ong, Sean Wei Xiang", "Tan, Yian Kim", "Sutjipto, Stephanie", "Chia, Po Ying", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Gum, Marcus", "Lau, Sok Kiang", "Chan, Monica", "Vasoo, Shawn", "Mendis, Shehara", "Toh, Boon Kiat", "Leong, Janice", "Barkham, Timothy", "Ang, Brenda Sze Peng", "Tan, Boon Huan", "Leo, Yee-Sin", "Marimuthu, Kalisvar", "Wong, Michelle Su Yen", "Ng, Oon Tek"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213231", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521584, "title": "Rethinking the early intubation paradigm of COVID-19: time to change gears?", "journal": "Clin Exp Emerg Med", "authors": ["Rola, Philippe", "Farkas, Joshua", "Spiegel, Rory", "Kyle-Sidell, Cameron", "Weingart, Scott", "Duggan, Laura", "Garrone, Marco", "Thomas, Adam"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521584", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407135, "title": "Will There Be an Epidemic of Corollary Illnesses Linked to a COVID-19-Related Recession?", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Brenner, M Harvey"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407135", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436748, "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 infection in dentistry.", "journal": "Exp Biol Med (Maywood)", "authors": ["Passarelli, Pier Carmine", "Rella, Edoardo", "Manicone, Paolo Francesco", "Garcia-Godoy, Franklin", "D'Addona, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436748", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dentists have always been taught how to protect themselves and their patients from potential blood-borne pathogens, but the Coronavirus pandemic has brought a new unprecedented challenge to the world of dentistry; we therefore reviewed the literature to provide suggestions on how to accordingly change dental practice prevention."}, {"pmid": 32325474, "title": "Changes to management of a non-pandemic illness during the COVID-19 pandemic: case study of invasive management of acute coronary syndrome.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Coffey, Sean", "Moynagh, Anouska", "Green, Belinda", "Edmond, John", "Wilkins, Gerard T", "Pemberton, James", "Wilkins, Ben", "Williams, Michael Ja", "Arnold, Brendan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325474", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires significant changes to standard operating procedures for non-COVID-19 related illnesses. Balancing the benefit from standard evidence-based treatments with the risks posed by COVID-19 to patients, healthcare workers and to the population at large is difficult due to incomplete and rapidly changing information. In this article, we use management of acute coronary syndromes as a case study to show how these competing risks and benefits can be resolved, albeit incompletely. While the risks due to COVID-19 in patients with acute coronary syndromes is unclear, the benefits of standard management are well established in this condition. As an aid to decision making, we recommend systematic estimation of the risks and benefits for management of any condition where there is likely to be an increase in non-COVID-19 related mortality and morbidity due to changes in routine care."}, {"pmid": 32312873, "title": "Neurological manifestations of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic 2019-2020.", "journal": "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry", "authors": ["Liu, Kaiming", "Pan, Mengxiong", "Xiao, Zheman", "Xu, Xiaopei"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312873", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404588, "title": "The timing of labor epidurals in COVID-19 parturients: a balance of risk and benefit.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Mullington, Christopher J", "Kua, Justin", "Malhotra, Surbhi"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404588", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412033, "title": "Ultraviolet-C and other methods of decontamination of filtering facepiece N-95 respirators during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Photochem Photobiol Sci", "authors": ["Torres, Angeli Eloise", "Lyons, Alexis B", "Narla, Shanthi", "Kohli, Indermeet", "Parks-Miller, Angela", "Ozog, David", "Hamzavi, Iltefat H", "Lim, Henry W"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412033", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During global health emergencies such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, the decontamination of single-use personal protective equipment (PPE) becomes a necessary means to keep up with the growing demand from healthcare workers and patients alike. Many unverified methods are being considered, which can pose the risk of incomplete decontamination and lead to catastrophic results. Several factors come into play when determining the suitability of such methods including the quality of the decontamination technique, the targeted pathogen, cost, ease of installation and use, rate of sterilization, and the surface or material to be sterilized. The germicidal properties of ultraviolet-C are well known. This review will cover the most commonly described methods for the sterilization of N95 respirators, namely, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, hydrogen peroxide vaporization, microwave-generated steaming, and dry heating. These techniques have been tested previously and have demonstrated efficacy in reducing or inactivating viral and bacterial pathogens, although testing against SARS-CoV-2 specifically has not been done. Moreover, it must be emphasized that proper disposal after a single use is still ideal under normal circumstances."}, {"pmid": 32379309, "pmcid": "PMC7239110", "title": "TeleCheck-AF for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Linz, Dominik", "Pluymaekers, Nikki A H A", "Hendriks, Jeroen M"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379309", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236815, "pmcid": "PMC7105968", "title": "Inefficiency of Sera from Mice Treated with Pseudotyped SARS-CoV to Neutralize 2019-nCoV Infection.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Liu, Zezhong", "Xia, Shuai", "Wang, Xinling", "Lan, Qiaoshuai", "Xu, Wei", "Wang, Qian", "Jiang, Shibo", "Lu, Lu"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236815", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324442, "title": "Concerns Regarding the Article Entitled 'Safe Handling of Containers of Expressed Human Milk in all Settings During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)'.", "journal": "J Hum Lact", "authors": ["Mitchell, Katrina B", "Weinstein, Sarah R"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324442", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284619, "pmcid": "PMC7100462", "title": "On the responsible use of digital data to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Ienca, Marcello", "Vayena, Effy"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417310, "pmcid": "PMC7228736", "title": "Characterization of eight novel full-length genomes of SARS-CoV-2 among imported COVID-19 cases from abroad in Yunnan, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Jia, Yuanyuan", "Yang, Cuixian", "Zhang, Mi", "Yang, Xianyao", "Li, Jianjian", "Liu, Jiafa", "Liu, Ying", "Yang, XinPing", "Feng, Yue", "Dong, Xingqi", "Xia, Xueshan"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417310", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462311, "title": "COVID-19 and the need to prioritize health equity and social determinants of health.", "journal": "Int J Public Health", "authors": ["Takian, Amirhossein", "Kiani, Mohammad Mehdi", "Khanjankhani, Khatere"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462311", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277967, "pmcid": "PMC7141628", "title": "Serum Amyloid A is a biomarker of severe Coronavirus Disease and poor prognosis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Li, Huan", "Xiang, Xiaochen", "Ren, Hongwei", "Xu, Lingli", "Zhao, Lisha", "Chen, Xiaoqiong", "Long, Hui", "Wang, Qiang", "Wu, Qingming"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277967", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the significance of SAA in evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. A total of 132 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to a designated COVID-19 hospital in Wuhan, China from January 18, 2020 to February 26, 2020 were collected. The dynamic changes of blood SAA, CRP, PCT, WBC, Lymphocyte (L), PLT, CT imaging, and disease progression were studied. All patients completed at least twice laboratory data collection and clinical condition assessment at three time points indicated for this study; The length of hospital stay was longer than 14 days prior to February 26, 2020. COVID-19 patients had significantly increased SAA and CRP levels, while L count decreased, and PCT, WBC, and PLT were in the normal range. As disease progressed from mild to critically severe, SAA and CRP gradually increased, while L decreased, and PLT, WBC, and PCT had no significant changes; ROC curve analysis suggests that SAA/L, CRP, SAA, and L count are valuable in evaluating the severity of COVID-19 and distinguishing critically ill patients from mild ones; Patients with SAA consistently trending down during the course of disease have better prognosis, compared with the patients with SAA continuously rising; The initial SAA level is positively correlated with the dynamic changes of the serial CT scans. Patient with higher initial SAA level are more likely to have poor CT imaging. SAA and L are sensitive indicators in evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. Monitoring dynamic changes of SAA, combined with CT imaging could be valuable in diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32406749, "pmcid": "PMC7222512", "title": "Oncology clinical trials in the time of COVID-19: how a pandemic can revolutionize patients' care.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Massari, Francesco", "Mollica, Veronica", "Salvagni, Stefania", "Tognetto, Michele", "Ardizzoni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406749", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282894, "pmcid": "PMC7170415", "title": "Diagnostic Testing for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus 2: A Narrative Review.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Cheng, Matthew P", "Papenburg, Jesse", "Desjardins, Michael", "Kanjilal, Sanjat", "Quach, Caroline", "Libman, Michael", "Dittrich, Sabine", "Yansouni, Cedric P"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282894", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diagnostic testing to identify persons infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is central to control the global pandemic of COVID-19 that began in late 2019. In a few countries, the use of diagnostic testing on a massive scale has been a cornerstone of successful containment strategies. In contrast, the United States, hampered by limited testing capacity, has prioritized testing for specific groups of persons. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction-based assays performed in a laboratory on respiratory specimens are the reference standard for COVID-19 diagnostics. However, point-of-care technologies and serologic immunoassays are rapidly emerging. Although excellent tools exist for the diagnosis of symptomatic patients in well-equipped laboratories, important gaps remain in screening asymptomatic persons in the incubation phase, as well as in the accurate determination of live viral shedding during convalescence to inform decisions to end isolation. Many affluent countries have encountered challenges in test delivery and specimen collection that have inhibited rapid increases in testing capacity. These challenges may be even greater in low-resource settings. Urgent clinical and public health needs currently drive an unprecedented global effort to increase testing capacity for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, the authors review the current array of tests for SARS-CoV-2, highlight gaps in current diagnostic capacity, and propose potential solutions."}, {"pmid": 32496741, "pmcid": "PMC7172485", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Gastrointestinal Infection Causing Hemorrhagic Colitis: Implications for Detection and Transmission of COVID-19 Disease.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Carvalho, Alexandre", "Alqusairi, Rana", "Adams, Anna", "Paul, Michelle", "Kothari, Neelay", "Peters, Stevany", "DeBenedet, Anthony T"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496741", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407706, "pmcid": "PMC7219427", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: A New Song Recalls an Old Melody.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Subbarao, Kanta"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407706", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The viruses causing the SARS outbreak of 2002-2003 and current COVID-19 pandemic are related betacoronaviruses. What insights were learned from SARS that can inform SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development? Focusing on important lessons from SARS vaccine development and two SARS vaccines evaluated in humans may guide SARS-CoV-2 vaccine design, testing, and implementation."}, {"pmid": 32505474, "title": "Battle against COVID-19: Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma as an emergency therapy.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Kumar, Saurabh", "Sharma, Vinit", "Priya, Kanu"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505474", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522866, "title": "Leveraging video telehealth for the transitional pain service in response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Hunter, Oluwatobi O", "Mariano, Edward R", "Harrison, T Kyle"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522866", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329926, "pmcid": "PMC7264650", "title": "Tracheostomy guidelines developed at a large academic medical center during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["David, Abel P", "Russell, Marika D", "El-Sayed, Ivan H", "Russell, Matthew S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329926", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, tracheostomy may be required for COVID-19 patients requiring long-term ventilation in addition to other conditions such as airway compromise from head and neck cancer. As an aerosol-generating procedure, tracheostomy increases the exposure of health care workers to COVID-19 infection. Performing surgical tracheostomy and tracheostomy care requires a strategy that mitigates these risks and maintains the quality of patient care. This study is a multidisciplinary review of institutional tracheostomy guidelines and clinical pathways. Modifications to support clinical decision making in the context of COVID-19 were derived by consensus and available evidence. Modified guidelines for all phases of tracheostomy care at an academic tertiary care center in the setting of COVID-19 are presented. During the various phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians must carefully consider the indications, procedural precautions, and postoperative care for tracheostomies. We present guidelines to mitigate risk to health care workers while preserving the quality of care."}, {"pmid": 32508398, "pmcid": "PMC7261113", "title": "Mathematical modeling of COVID-19 fatality trends: Death kinetics law versus infection-to-death delay rule.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Scheiner, Stefan", "Ukaj, Niketa", "Hellmich, Christian"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508398", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has world-widely motivated numerous attempts to properly adjust classical epidemiological models, namely those of the SEIR-type, to the spreading characteristics of the novel Corona virus. In this context, the fundamental structure of the differential equations making up the SEIR models has remained largely unaltered-presuming that COVID-19 may be just \"another epidemic\". We here take an alternative approach, by investigating the relevance of one key ingredient of the SEIR models, namely the death kinetics law. The latter is compared to an alternative approach, which we call infection-to-death delay rule. For that purpose, we check how well these two mathematical formulations are able to represent the publicly available country-specific data on recorded fatalities, across a selection of 57 different nations. Thereby, we consider that the model-governing parameters-namely, the death transmission coefficient for the death kinetics model, as well as the apparent fatality-to-case fraction and the characteristic fatal illness period for the infection-to-death delay rule-are time-invariant. For 55 out of the 57 countries, the infection-to-death delay rule turns out to represent the actual situation significantly more precisely than the classical death kinetics rule. We regard this as an important step towards making SEIR-approaches more fit for the COVID-19 spreading prediction challenge."}, {"pmid": 32433303, "pmcid": "PMC7268873", "title": "Apples to Oranges: Ethical Considerations in COVID-19 Surgical Recovery.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Eng, Oliver S", "Tseng, Jennifer", "Ejaz, Aslam", "Pawlik, Timothy M", "Angelos, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433303", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278362, "pmcid": "PMC7158940", "title": "Trials of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy for COVID-19 are urgently needed.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Feldmann, Marc", "Maini, Ravinder N", "Woody, James N", "Holgate, Stephen T", "Winter, Gregory", "Rowland, Matthew", "Richards, Duncan", "Hussell, Tracy"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278362", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324487, "title": "Cancer Treatment Adaptations in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Waisberg, Federico", "Enrico, Diego", "Angel, Martin", "Chacon, Matias"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324487", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32091414, "pmcid": "PMC7147284", "title": "Chest CT Findings in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Its Relationship With Clinical Features.", "journal": "Invest Radiol", "authors": ["Wu, Jiong", "Wu, Xiaojia", "Zeng, Wenbing", "Guo, Dajing", "Fang, Zheng", "Chen, Linli", "Huang, Huizhe", "Li, Chuanming"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32091414", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to investigate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to evaluate its relationship with clinical features. Study sample consisted of 80 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 from January to February 2020. The chest CT images and clinical data were reviewed, and the relationship between them was analyzed. Totally, 80 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included. With regards to the clinical manifestations, 58 (73%) of the 80 patients had cough, and 61 (76%) of the 80 patients had high temperature levels. The most frequent CT abnormalities observed were ground glass opacity (73/80 cases, 91%), consolidation (50/80 cases, 63%), and interlobular septal thickening (47/80, 59%). Most of the lesions were multiple, with an average of 12 \u00b1 6 lung segments involved. The most common involved lung segments were the dorsal segment of the right lower lobe (69/80, 86%), the posterior basal segment of the right lower lobe (68/80, 85%), the lateral basal segment of the right lower lobe (64/80, 80%), the dorsal segment of the left lower lobe (61/80, 76%), and the posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe (65/80, 81%). The average pulmonary inflammation index value was (34% \u00b1 20%) for all the patients. Correlation analysis showed that the pulmonary inflammation index value was significantly correlated with the values of lymphocyte count, monocyte count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, days from illness onset, and body temperature (P < 0.05). The common chest CT findings of COVID-19 are multiple ground glass opacity, consolidation, and interlobular septal thickening in both lungs, which are mostly distributed under the pleura. There are significant correlations between the degree of pulmonary inflammation and the main clinical symptoms and laboratory results. Computed tomography plays an important role in the diagnosis and evaluation of this emerging global health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32348012, "title": "COVID-19: looking forward.", "journal": "Intern Med J", "authors": ["Szer, Jeff"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348012", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297540, "pmcid": "PMC7171387", "title": "Association between platelet parameters and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019: Retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Platelets", "authors": ["Liu, Yanli", "Sun, Wenwu", "Guo, Yanan", "Chen, Liangkai", "Zhang, Lijuan", "Zhao, Su", "Long, Ding", "Yu, Li"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297540", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thrombocytopenia has been implicated in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, while the association of platelet count and changes with subsequent mortality remains unclear. The clinical and laboratory data of 383 patients with the definite outcome by March 1, 2020 in the Central Hospital of Wuhan were reviewed. The association between platelet parameters and mortality risk was estimated by utilizing Cox proportional hazard regression models. Among the 383 patients, 334 (87.2%) were discharged and survived, and 49 (12.8%) died. Thrombocytopenia at admission was associated with mortality of almost three times as high as that for those without thrombocytopenia (P <\u00a00.05). Cox regression analyses revealed that platelet count was an independent risk factor associated with in-hospital mortality in a dose-dependent manner. An increment of per 50\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0109/L in platelets was associated with a 40% decrease in mortality (hazard ratio: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.43, 0.84). Dynamic changes of platelets were also closely related to death during hospitalization. Baseline platelet levels and changes were associated with subsequent mortality. Monitoring platelets during hospitalization may be important in the prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease in 2019."}, {"pmid": 32488552, "pmcid": "PMC7265868", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Testing and Assisted Partner Notification Services, Western Kenya.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Lagat, Harison", "Sharma, Monisha", "Kariithi, Edward", "Otieno, George", "Katz, David", "Masyuko, Sarah", "Mugambi, Mary", "Wamuti, Beatrice", "Weiner, Bryan", "Farquhar, Carey"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488552", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32167180, "pmcid": "PMC7228400", "title": "The establishment of reference sequence for SARS-CoV-2 and variation analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Changtai", "Liu, Zhongping", "Chen, Zixiang", "Huang, Xin", "Xu, Mengyuan", "He, Tengfei", "Zhang, Zhenhua"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167180", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Starting around December 2019, an epidemic of pneumonia, which was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization, broke out in Wuhan, China, and is spreading throughout the world. A new coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses was soon found to be the cause. At present, the sensitivity of clinical nucleic acid detection is limited, and it is still unclear whether it is related to genetic variation. In this study, we retrieved 95 full-length genomic sequences of SARAS-CoV-2 strains from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and GISAID databases, established the reference sequence by conducting multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses, and analyzed sequence variations along the SARS-CoV-2 genome. The homology among all viral strains was generally high, among them, 99.99% (99.91%-100%) at the nucleotide level and 99.99% (99.79%-100%) at the amino acid level. Although overall variation in open-reading frame (ORF) regions is low, 13 variation sites in 1a, 1b, S, 3a, M, 8, and N regions were identified, among which positions nt28144 in ORF 8 and nt8782 in ORF 1a showed mutation rate of 30.53% (29/95) and 29.47% (28/95), respectively. These findings suggested that there may be selective mutations in SARS-COV-2, and it is necessary to avoid certain regions when designing primers and probes. Establishment of the reference sequence for SARS-CoV-2 could benefit not only biological study of this virus but also diagnosis, clinical monitoring and intervention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the future."}, {"pmid": 32425003, "pmcid": "PMC7238397", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 34 COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit in Hangzhou, China.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Zheng, Yi", "Sun, Li-Jun", "Xu, Mi", "Pan, Jian", "Zhang, Yun-Tao", "Fang, Xue-Ling", "Fang, Qiang", "Cai, Hong-Liu"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425003", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study summarizes and compares clinical and laboratory characteristics of 34 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for complications from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China from Jan. 22 to Mar. 5, 2020. A total of 34 patients were divided into two groups, including those who required noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) with additional extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in 11 patients. Clinical features of COVID-19 patients were described and the parameters of clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared. The rates of the acute cardiac and kidney complications were higher in IMV cases than those in NIV cases. Most patients had lymphocytopenia on admission, with lymphocyte levels dropping progressively on the following days, and the more severe lymphopenia developed in the IMV group. In both groups, T lymphocyte counts were below typical lower limit norms compared to B lymphocytes. On admission, both groups had higher than expected amounts of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), which over time declined more in NIV patients. The prothrombin time was increased and the levels of platelet, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and IL-6 were higher in IMV cases compared with NIV cases during hospitalization. Data showed that the rates of complications, dynamics of lymphocytopenia, and changes in levels of platelet, hemoglobin, BUN, D-dimer, LDH and IL-6, and prothrombin time in these ICU patients were significantly different between IMV and NIV cases."}, {"pmid": 32487515, "title": "Covid-19: Easing lockdown could risk second spike, say public health doctors.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Dowd, Adrian"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487515", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294796, "title": "A Clinical Study of Noninvasive Assessment of Lung Lesions in Patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) by Bedside Ultrasound.", "journal": "Ultraschall Med", "authors": ["Lu, Wuzhu", "Zhang, Shushan", "Chen, Binghui", "Chen, Jiaxin", "Xian, Jianzhong", "Lin, Yuhong", "Shan, Hong", "Su, Zhong Zhen"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294796", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2002This study was conducted to explore the clinical value of noninvasive assessment of bedside ultrasound in the diagnosis of lung lesions of Coronavirus Disease-19. \u2002In this retrospective study, 30 patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 admitted to our hospital from January 18 to February 5, 2020, were selected as the research subjects. All cases were examined by lung ultrasound and CT. Lung lesions were reviewed by blinded observers, with imaging scores being used to analyze the ultrasound findings of lung lesions in patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 and with chest CT being used as the reference standard. The clinical value of ultrasound in the noninvasive assessment of lung lesions was evaluated. \u2002Lung ultrasound signs in patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 were mainly manifested as interstitial pulmonary edema (90.0\u200a%, 27/30) and pulmonary consolidations (20.0\u200a%, 6/30). The lung lesions were mainly distributed in the subpleural and peripheral pulmonary zones. The lower lobe and the dorsal region had a greater tendency to be involved. There was moderate agreement (Kappa\u200a=\u200a0.529) between the noninvasive assessment of bedside ultrasound for lung lesions in patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 and CT. The ultrasound scores to evaluate mild, moderate and severe lung lesions exhibited sensitivity of 68.8\u200a% (11/16), 77.8\u200a% (7/9), 100.0\u200a% (2/2), specificity of 85.7\u200a% (12/14), 76.2\u200a% (16/21), 92.9\u200a% (26/28), and diagnostic accuracy of 76.7\u200a% (23/30), 76.7\u200a% (23/30), 93.3\u200a% (28/30), respectively. The follow-up dynamic ultrasound examination showed that the condition of all patients worsened gradually, with the ultrasound scores of lung lesions increasing to varying degrees. \u2002Though the diagnostic efficacy of bedside ultrasound is relatively low for mild to moderate patients, it is high for severe patients. Bedside ultrasound has important clinical significance for noninvasive assessment and dynamic observation of lung lesions in patients with Coronavirus Disease-19, which is worth further consideration."}, {"pmid": 32122250, "pmcid": "PMC7067171", "title": "Public's early response to the novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Zhan, Siyi", "Yang, Ying Ying", "Fu, Chuanxi"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353640, "pmcid": "PMC7128831", "title": "Work in the Time of Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Surg Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Lindsey M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353640", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250385, "pmcid": "PMC7136855", "title": "Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Grasselli, Giacomo", "Zangrillo, Alberto", "Zanella, Alberto", "Antonelli, Massimo", "Cabrini, Luca", "Castelli, Antonio", "Cereda, Danilo", "Coluccello, Antonio", "Foti, Giuseppe", "Fumagalli, Roberto", "Iotti, Giorgio", "Latronico, Nicola", "Lorini, Luca", "Merler, Stefano", "Natalini, Giuseppe", "Piatti, Alessandra", "Ranieri, Marco Vito", "Scandroglio, Anna Mara", "Storti, Enrico", "Cecconi, Maurizio", "Pesenti, Antonio", "Nailescu, Adriana", "Corona, Alberto", "Zangrillo, Alberto", "Protti, Alessandro", "Albertin, Andrea", "Forastieri Molinari, Andrea", "Lombardo, Andrea", "Pezzi, Angelo", "Benini, Annalisa", "Scandroglio, Anna Mara", "Malara, Annalisa", "Castelli, Antonio", "Coluccello, Antonio", "Micucci, Antonio", "Pesenti, Antonio", "Sala, Antonello", "Alborghetti, Armando", "Antonini, Benvenuto", "Capra, Carlo", "Troiano, Carmine", "Roscitano, Claudio", "Radrizzani, Danilo", "Chiumello, Davide", "Coppini, Davide", "Guzzon, Davide", "Costantini, Elena", "Malpetti, Elena", "Zoia, Elena", "Catena, Emanuele", "Agosteo, Emiliano", "Barbara, Enrico", "Beretta, Enrico", "Boselli, Enrico", "Storti, Enrico", "Harizay, Fabiola", "Della Mura, Federica", "Lorini, Ferdinando Luca", "Donato Sigurta, Francesco", "Marino, Francesco", "Mojoli, Francesco", "Rasulo, Frank", "Grasselli, Giacomo", "Casella, Giampaolo", "De Filippi, Gianluca", "Castelli, Gianpaolo", "Aldegheri, Giorgio", "Gallioli, Giorgio", "Lotti, Giorgio", "Albano, Giovanni", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Marino, Giovanni", "Vitale, Giovanni", "Battista Perego, Giovanni", "Evasi, Giulia", "Citerio, Giuseppe", "Foti, Giuseppe", "Natalini, Giuseppe", "Merli, Guido", "Sforzini, Ilaria", "Bianciardi, Leonardo", "Carnevale, Livio", "Grazioli, Lorenzo", "Cabrini, Luca", "Guatteri, Luca", "Salvi, Luca", "Dei Poli, Marco", "Galletti, Marco", "Gemma, Marco", "Ranucci, Marco", "Riccio, Mario", "Borelli, Massimo", "Zambon, Massimo", "Subert, Matteo", "Cecconi, Maurizio", "Mazzoni, Maurizio Giovanni", "Raimondi, Maurizio", "Panigada, Mauro", "Belliato, Mirko", "Bronzini, Nicola", "Latronico, Nicola", "Petrucci, Nicola", "Belgiorno, Nicolangela", "Tagliabue, Paola", "Cortellazzi, Paolo", "Gnesin, Paolo", "Grosso, Paolo", "Gritti, Paolo", "Perazzo, Paolo", "Severgnini, Paolo", "Ruggeri, Patrizia", "Sebastiano, Pietro", "Covello, Remo Daniel", "Fernandez-Olmos, Raquel", "Fumagalli, Roberto", "Keim, Roberto", "Rona, Roberto", "Valsecchi, Roberto", "Cattaneo, Sergio", "Colombo, Sergio", "Cirri, Silvia", "Bonazzi, Stefano", "Greco, Stefano", "Muttini, Stefano", "Langer, Thomas", "Alaimo, Valentina", "Viola, Uberto"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250385", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) emerged in China and has spread globally, creating a pandemic. Information about the clinical characteristics of infected patients who require intensive care is limited. To characterize patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) in the Lombardy region of Italy. Retrospective case series of 1591 consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 referred for ICU admission to the coordinator center (Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy) of the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network and treated at one of the ICUs of the 72 hospitals in this network between February 20 and March 18, 2020. Date of final follow-up was March 25, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swabs. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including data on clinical management, respiratory failure, and patient mortality. Data were recorded by the coordinator center on an electronic worksheet during telephone calls by the staff of the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network. Of the 1591 patients included in the study, the median (IQR) age was 63 (56-70) years and 1304 (82%) were male. Of the 1043 patients with available data, 709 (68%) had at least 1 comorbidity and 509 (49%) had hypertension. Among 1300 patients with available respiratory support data, 1287 (99% [95% CI, 98%-99%]) needed respiratory support, including 1150 (88% [95% CI, 87%-90%]) who received mechanical ventilation and 137 (11% [95% CI, 9%-12%]) who received noninvasive ventilation. The median positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was 14 (IQR, 12-16) cm H2O, and Fio2 was greater than 50% in 89% of patients. The median Pao2/Fio2 was 160 (IQR, 114-220). The median PEEP level was not different between younger patients (n\u2009=\u2009503 aged \u226463 years) and older patients (n\u2009=\u2009514 aged \u226564 years) (14 [IQR, 12-15] vs 14 [IQR, 12-16] cm H2O, respectively; median difference, 0 [95% CI, 0-0]; P\u2009=\u2009.94). Median Fio2 was lower in younger patients: 60% (IQR, 50%-80%) vs 70% (IQR, 50%-80%) (median difference, -10% [95% CI, -14% to 6%]; P\u2009=\u2009.006), and median Pao2/Fio2 was higher in younger patients: 163.5 (IQR, 120-230) vs 156 (IQR, 110-205) (median difference, 7 [95% CI, -8 to 22]; P\u2009=\u2009.02). Patients with hypertension (n\u2009=\u2009509) were older than those without hypertension (n\u2009=\u2009526) (median [IQR] age, 66 years [60-72] vs 62 years [54-68]; P\u2009<\u2009.001) and had lower Pao2/Fio2 (median [IQR], 146 [105-214] vs 173 [120-222]; median difference, -27 [95% CI, -42 to -12]; P\u2009=\u2009.005). Among the 1581 patients with ICU disposition data available as of March 25, 2020, 920 patients (58% [95% CI, 56%-61%]) were still in the ICU, 256 (16% [95% CI, 14%-18%]) were discharged from the ICU, and 405 (26% [95% CI, 23%-28%]) had died in the ICU. Older patients (n\u2009=\u2009786; age \u226564 years) had higher mortality than younger patients (n\u2009=\u2009795; age \u226463 years) (36% vs 15%; difference, 21% [95% CI, 17%-26%]; P\u2009<\u2009.001). In this case series of critically ill patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to ICUs in Lombardy, Italy, the majority were older men, a large proportion required mechanical ventilation and high levels of PEEP, and ICU mortality was 26%."}, {"pmid": 32366765, "pmcid": "PMC7224617", "title": "Doing Our Part to Conserve Resources: Determining Whether All Personal Protective Equipment Is Mandatory for Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning of Supracondylar Humeral Fractures.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Wilson, Jacob M", "Schwartz, Andrew M", "Farley, Kevin X", "Devito, Dennis P", "Fletcher, Nicholas D"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366765", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) of supracondylar humeral fractures is one of the most common procedures performed in pediatric orthopaedics. The use of full, standard preparation and draping with standard personal protective equipment (PPE) may not be necessary during this procedure. This is of particular interest in the current climate as we face unprecedented PPE shortages due to the current COVID-19 pandemic. This is a retrospective chart review of 1,270 patients treated with CRPP of a supracondylar humeral fracture at 2 metropolitan pediatric centers by 10 fellowship-trained pediatric orthopaedic surgeons. One surgeon in the group did not wear a mask when performing CRPP of supracondylar humeral fractures, and multiple surgeons in the group utilized a semisterile preparation technique (no sterile gown or drapes). Infectious outcomes were compared between 2 groups: full sterile preparation and semisterile preparation. We additionally analyzed a subgroup of patients who had semisterile preparation without surgeon mask use. Hospital cost data were used to estimate annual cost savings with the adoption of the semisterile technique. In this study, 1,270 patients who underwent CRPP of a supracondylar humeral fracture and met inclusion criteria were identified. There were 3 deep infections (0.24%). These infections all occurred in the group using full sterile preparation and surgical masks. No clinically relevant pin-track infections were noted. There were no known surgeon occupational exposures to bodily fluid. It is estimated that national adoption of this technique in the United States could save between 18,612 and 22,162 gowns and masks with costs savings of $3.7 million to $4.4 million annually. We currently face critical shortages of PPE due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from this large series suggest that a semisterile technique during CRPP of supracondylar humeral fractures is a safe practice. We anticipate that this could preserve approximately 20,000 gowns and masks in the United States over the next year. Physicians are encouraged to reevaluate their daily practice to identify safe opportunities for resource preservation. Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32268640, "title": "[Technical guideline for disinfection of wastewater and wastes of medical organizations during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268640", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This technical guideline is applicable to disinfection of wastewater and wastes of medical organizations during COVID-19 outbreak. The purpose of the guideline is to eliminate various pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses, effectively block the virus transmission pathways, and guide medical organizations to carry out the prevention and control of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32217834, "title": "SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Pedersen, Savannah F", "Ho, Ya-Chi"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217834", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is rapidly spreading across the globe. In this issue of the JCI, Chen and colleagues compared the clinical and immunological characteristics between moderate and severe COVID-19. The authors found that respiratory distress on admission is associated with unfavorable outcomes. Increased cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-\u03b1), lymphopenia (in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), and decreased IFN-\u03b3 expression in CD4+ T cells are associated with severe COVID-19. Overall, this study characterized the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 and provides insights into immune therapeutics and vaccine design."}, {"pmid": 32503850, "title": "Response to: 'COVID-19 pandemic: an opportunity to assess the utility of telemedicine in patients with rheumatic diseases' by Lopez-Medina et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Bozzalla Cassione, Emanuele", "Zanframundo, Giovanni", "Biglia, Alessandro", "Codullo, Veronica", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio", "Cavagna, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503850", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346492, "pmcid": "PMC7186198", "title": "Expert recommendations on blood purification treatment protocol for patients with severe COVID-19: Recommendation and consensus.", "journal": "Chronic Dis Transl Med", "authors": ["Yang, Xiang-Hong", "Sun, Ren-Hua", "Zhao, Ming-Yan", "Chen, Er-Zhen", "Liu, Jiao", "Wang, Hong-Liang", "Yang, Rong-Li", "Chen, De-Chang"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346492", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in Wuhan in December 2019. The World Health Organization defined the subsequent outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide as a public health emergency of international concern. Epidemiological data indicate that at least 20% of COVID-19 patients have severe disease. In addition to impairment of the respiratory system, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication. Immune damage mediated by cytokine storms and concomitant AKI is a key factor for poor prognosis. Based on previous experience of blood purification for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome combined with clinical front-line practice, we developed a blood purification protocol for patients with severe COVID-19. This protocol is divided into four major steps. The first step is to assess whether patients with severe COVID-19 require blood purification. The second step is to prescribe a blood purification treatment for patients with COVID-19. The third step is to monitor and adjust parameters of blood purification. The fourth step is to evaluate the timing of discontinuation of blood purification. It is expected that blood purification will play a key role in effectively reducing the mortality of patients with severe COVID-19 through the standardized implementation of the present protocol."}, {"pmid": 32320852, "pmcid": "PMC7167229", "title": "Deja vu: Stimulating open drug discovery for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Drug Discov Today", "authors": ["Ekins, Sean", "Mottin, Melina", "Ramos, Paulo R P S", "Sousa, Bruna K P", "Neves, Bruno Junior", "Foil, Daniel H", "Zorn, Kimberley M", "Braga, Rodolpho C", "Coffee, Megan", "Southan, Christopher", "Puhl, Ana C", "Andrade, Carolina Horta"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320852", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the past decade we have seen two major Ebola virus outbreaks in Africa, the Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas and the current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is a strong sense of d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu because there are still no effective treatments. In the COVID-19 pandemic, despite being a new virus, there are already drugs suggested as active in in vitro assays that are being repurposed in clinical trials. Promising SARS-CoV-2 viral targets and computational approaches are described and discussed. Here, we propose, based on open antiviral drug discovery approaches for previous outbreaks, that there could still be gaps in our approach to drug discovery."}, {"pmid": 32242348, "pmcid": "PMC7131901", "title": "Clinical Course and Outcomes of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: a Preliminary Report of the First 28 Patients from the Korean Cohort Study on COVID-19.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Eu Suk", "Chin, Bum Sik", "Kang, Chang Kyung", "Kim, Nam Joong", "Kang, Yu Min", "Choi, Jae Phil", "Oh, Dong Hyun", "Kim, Jeong Han", "Koh, Boram", "Kim, Seong Eun", "Yun, Na Ra", "Lee, Jae Hoon", "Kim, Jin Yong", "Kim, Yeonjae", "Bang, Ji Hwan", "Song, Kyoung Ho", "Kim, Hong Bin", "Chung, Ki Hyun", "Oh, Myoung Don"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242348", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. In this retrospective multicenter study, we investigated the clinical course and outcomes of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from early cases in Republic of Korea. All of the cases confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction were enrolled from the 1st to the 28th patient nationwide. Clinical data were collected and analyzed for changes in clinical severity including laboratory, radiological, and virologic dynamics during the progression of illness. The median age was 40 years (range, 20-73 years) and 15 (53.6%) patients were male. The most common symptoms were cough (28.6%) and sore throat (28.6%), followed by fever (25.0%). Diarrhea was not common (10.7%). Two patients had no symptoms. Initial chest X-ray (CXR) showed infiltration in 46.4% of the patients, but computed tomography scan confirmed pneumonia in 88.9% (16/18) of the patients. Six patients (21.4%) required supplemental oxygen therapy, but no one needed mechanical ventilation. Lymphopenia was more common in severe cases. Higher level of C-reactive protein and worsening of chest radiographic score was observed during the 5-7 day period after symptom onset. Viral shedding was high from day 1 of illness, especially from the upper respiratory tract (URT). The prodromal symptoms of COVID-19 were mild and most patients did not have limitations of daily activity. Viral shedding from URT was high from the prodromal phase. Radiological pneumonia was common from the early days of illness, but it was frequently not evident in simple CXR. These findings could be plausible explanations for the easy and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the community."}, {"pmid": 32500858, "title": "Serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the general adult population: possible implications for anti-IL-6 therapy in SARS-Cov-2 infection and IL-6-related diseases.", "journal": "J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Alende-Castro, V", "Alonso-Sampedro, M", "Gude, F", "Gonzalez-Quintela, A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500858", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349053, "pmcid": "PMC7219859", "title": "Protection by Exclusion: Another Missed Opportunity to Include Pregnant Women in Research During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Costantine, Maged M", "Landon, Mark B", "Saade, George R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349053", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease that started in Wuhan, China, and has rapidly spread all across the world. With limited ability to contain the virus and relatively high transmissibility and case fatality rates, governmental institutions and pharmaceutical companies are racing to find therapeutics and vaccines that target this novel coronavirus. However, once again, pregnant and breastfeeding women are excluded from participating in clinical trials during this pandemic. This \"protection by exclusion\" of pregnant women from drug development and clinical therapeutic trials, even during epidemics and pandemics, is not unprecedented. Moreover, it is both misguided and not justifiable and may have excluded them from potentially beneficial interventions. This is another missed opportunity to obtain pregnancy-specific safety and efficacy data, because therapeutics developed for men and nonpregnant women may not be generalizable to pregnant women. Therefore, we recommend and urge the scientific community and professional societies that, without clear justification for exclusion, pregnant women should be given the opportunity to be included in clinical trials for COVID-19 based on the concepts of justice, equity, autonomy, and informed consent."}, {"pmid": 32464098, "pmcid": "PMC7237895", "title": "The Innate Immune System: Fighting on the Front Lines or Fanning the Flames of COVID-19?", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["McKechnie, Julia L", "Blish, Catherine A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464098", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has had devastating global impacts and will continue to have dramatic effects on public health for years to come. A better understanding of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 will be critical for the application and development of therapeutics. The degree to which the innate immune response confers protection or induces pathogenesis through a dysregulated immune response remains unclear. In this review, we discuss what is known about the role of the innate immune system during SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggest directions for future studies, and evaluate proposed COVID-19 immunomodulating therapeutics."}, {"pmid": 32420959, "title": "Major sports events and the transmission of SARS-CoV-2: analysis of seven case-studies in Europe.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Signorelli, Carlo", "Odone, Anna", "Ricco, Matteo", "Bellini, Lorenzo", "Croci, Roberto", "Oradini-Alacreu, Aurea", "Fiacchini, Daniel", "Burioni, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420959", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "letter without abstract."}, {"pmid": 32466736, "title": "Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke due to Large Vessel Occlusion With COVID-19: Experience From Paris.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Escalard, Simon", "Maier, Benjamin", "Redjem, Hocine", "Delvoye, Francois", "Hebert, Solene", "Smajda, Stanislas", "Ciccio, Gabriele", "Desilles, Jean-Philippe", "Mazighi, Mikael", "Blanc, Raphael", "Piotin, Michel"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466736", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Higher rates of strokes have been observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but data regarding the outcomes of COVID-19 patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) are lacking. We report our initial experience in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with LVO in patients with COVID-19. All consecutive patients with COVID-19 with acute ischemic stroke due to LVO treated in our institution during the 6 first weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak were included. Baseline clinical and radiological findings, treatment, and short-term outcomes are reported. We identified 10 patients with confirmed COVID-19 treated for an acute ischemic stroke due to LVO. Eight were men, with a median age of 59.5 years. Seven had none or mild symptoms of COVID-19 at stroke onset. Median time from COVID-19 symptoms to stroke onset was 6 days. All patients had brain imaging within 3 hours from symptoms onset. Five patients had multi-territory LVO. Five received intravenous alteplase. All patients had mechanical thrombectomy. Nine patients achieved successful recanalization (mTICI2B-3), none experienced early neurological improvement, 4 had early cerebral reocclusion, and a total of 6 patients (60%) died in the hospital. Best medical care including early intravenous thrombolysis, and successful and prompt recanalization achieved with mechanical thrombectomy, resulted in poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Although our results require further confirmation, a different pharmacological approach (antiplatelet or other) should be investigated to take in account inflammatory and coagulation disorders associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32398888, "pmcid": "PMC7214307", "title": "[ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in times of COVID-19: back to the last century? A call for attention].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398888", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484419, "title": "Chest Radiograph Features Predict a Favorable Outcome in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Cellina, Michaela", "Panzeri, Marta", "Oliva, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484419", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529577, "pmcid": "PMC7288264", "title": "COVID-19 encephalopathy: detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in CSF.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Andriuta, Daniela", "Roger, Pierre-Alexandre", "Thibault, William", "Toublanc, Benedicte", "Sauzay, Chloe", "Castelain, Sandrine", "Godefroy, Olivier", "Brochot, Etienne"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529577", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504680, "pmcid": "PMC7270823", "title": "Surgical precautions for Urologists in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Chan, Ming-Chun", "Kwok, Jia-Lun", "Yeo, Sharon E K", "Chong, Yew-Lam"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504680", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268644, "title": "[Transmission routes of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, C", "Ma, Q Y", "Zheng, Y H", "Yang, Y X"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268644", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019, it has demonstrated China's ability to identify unknown pathogens. At present, reports showed that the main transmission routes are respiratory droplets and indirect contact, other vertical transmission routes have yet to be confirmed. This review discusses the possible transmission routes of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), based on currently research, the main transmission routes are respiratory droplets and indirect contact, fecal-oral might bepossible, while aerosol, tear (conjunctival) and mother-to-fetus still have yet to be confirmed, providing a reference basis for 2019-nCoV prevention and control and public protection."}, {"pmid": 32432804, "title": "Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) on Blood Services and Blood in Hong Kong in 2003.", "journal": "Transfus Med", "authors": ["Lee, C K"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432804", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504927, "title": "Periodontal pockets: A potential reservoir for SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Badran, Zahi", "Gaudin, Alexis", "Struillou, Xavier", "Amador, Gilles", "Soueidan, Assem"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504927", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Periodontal pockets are the major clinical manifestation of Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory oral disease affecting the teeth-supporting tissues and has high prevalence in the adult population. Periodontal pockets are ideal environments for subgingival bacterial biofilms, that interact with the supragingival oral cavity, mucosal tissues of the pocket and a peripheral circulatory system. Periodontal pockets have been found to harbor viral species such as the Herpes simplex viruses' family. Recently, the SARS-CoV-2 has gained major interest of the scientific/medical community as it caused a global pandemic (Covid-19) and paralyzed the globe with high figures of infected people worldwide. This virus behavior is still partially understood, and by analyzing some of its features we hypothesized that periodontal pocket could be a favorable anatomical niche for the virus and thus acting as a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32387073, "pmcid": "PMC7200372", "title": "Reply to: 'No evidence for an increased liver uptake of SARS-CoV-2 in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease'.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Ji, Dong", "Xu, Jing", "Qin, Enqiang", "Zhang, Dawei", "Cheng, Gregory", "Wang, Yudong", "Lau, George"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387073", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357808, "title": "Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM and IgG responses in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Sun, Baoqing", "Feng, Ying", "Mo, Xiaoneng", "Zheng, Peiyan", "Wang, Qian", "Li, Pingchao", "Peng, Ping", "Liu, Xiaoqing", "Chen, Zhilong", "Huang, Huimin", "Zhang, Fan", "Luo, Wenting", "Niu, Xuefeng", "Hu, Peiyu", "Wang, Longyu", "Peng, Hui", "Huang, Zhifeng", "Feng, Liqiang", "Li, Feng", "Zhang, Fuchun", "Li, Fang", "Zhong, Nanshan", "Chen, Ling"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357808", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection poses severe challenges to global public health. Serum antibody testing is becoming one of the critical methods for the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients. We investigated IgM and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) protein after symptom onset in the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients. 130 blood samples from 38 COVID-19 patients were collected. The levels of IgM and IgG specific to N and S protein were detected by ELISA. A series of blood samples were collected along the disease course from the same patient, including 11 ICU patients and 27 non-ICU patients for longitudinal analysis. N and S specific IgM and IgG (N-IgM, N-IgG, S-IgM, S-IgG) in non-ICU patients increased after symptom onset. N-IgM and S-IgM in some non-ICU patients reached a peak in the second week, while N-IgG and S-IgG continued to increase in the third week. The combined detection of N and S specific IgM and IgG could identify up to 75% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in the first week. S-IgG was significantly higher in non-ICU patients than in ICU patients in the third week. In contrast, N-IgG was significantly higher in ICU patients than in non-ICU patients. The increase of S-IgG positively correlated with the decrease of C-reactive protein (CRP) in non-ICU patients. N and S specific IgM and IgG increased gradually after symptom onset and can be used for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Analysis of the dynamics of S-IgG may help to predict prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32334116, "pmcid": "PMC7194559", "title": "Self-assessment of the Thai Department of Disease Control's communication for international response to COVID-19 in the early phase.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hinjoy, Soawapak", "Tsukayama, Royce", "Chuxnum, Teerasak", "Masunglong, Wattana", "Sidet, Chitphanu", "Kleeblumjeak, Pitchapa", "Onsai, Napatsawan", "Iamsirithaworn, Sopon"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334116", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to assess the Thailand Department of Disease Control's (DDC) early responses to COVID-19 in respect to communication with the international community and to identify the manner of Thailand's response during public health emergencies. Documents and international response communication from 4-31 January 2020 were reviewed and dates of responses were collected for descriptive analysis. A questionnaire was submitted to the DDC officers responsible for international coordination. A meeting to identify responses was held to evaluate the self-assessed capacities of the Department's international communication. Thailand began the COVID-19 screening protocol on 3 January 2020. International correspondence subsequently occurred continually either through the ASEAN or International Health Regulations (IHR) mechanisms. The total score of communication for international response was 88.9%. For IHR reporting duties, the median duration to respond was 2.49hours. Official news was sent within a mean of 9.18hours and the English daily situation reports were always uploaded onto the official website within 24hours. This study provided a benchmark for international coordination and communication capacities and also identified areas for improvement during public health emergencies, such as the need to identify English-speaking spokespeople to communicate at an international level."}, {"pmid": 32453690, "title": "Use of eye drops obtained from homologous blood source in the time of COVID-19: is there cause for ophthalmological concern?", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Giannaccare, Giuseppe", "Buzzi, Marina", "Versura, Piera"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453690", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275081, "pmcid": "PMC7262057", "title": "Evaluate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectivity by pseudoviral particles.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Pu, Tao", "Ding, Chen", "Li, Yadong", "Liu, Xiaojuan", "Li, Haiwei", "Duan, Jinmei", "Zhang, Heng", "Bi, Yanwei", "Cun, Wei"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275081", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in humans in late 2019, it has rapidly spread worldwide. To identify the biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in a normal laboratory environment (biosafety level 2 [BSL-2]), a lentiviral-based nucleocapsid was used to carry the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 onto the surface of pseudoviral particles as a surrogate model to evaluate the infective characterization of SARS-CoV-2. This study indicated that SARS-CoV-2 has extensive tissue tropism for humans and may infect monkeys and tree shrews but not rodents. More importantly, the use of pseudoviral particles in this study allows rapid assessment of neutralizing antibodies in serum in a BSL-2 laboratory. This study will provide a quick and easy tool for evaluating neutralizing antibodies in the serum of recovering patients and assessing the potency of candidate vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32345564, "pmcid": "PMC7166110", "title": "The Past, Present, and Future of Orthopedic Education: Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Stambough, Jeffrey B", "Curtin, Brian M", "Gililland, Jeremy M", "Guild, George N 3rd", "Kain, Michael S", "Karas, Vasili", "Keeney, James A", "Plancher, Kevin D", "Moskal, Joseph T"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345564", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic has upended nearly every medical discipline, dramatically impacted patient care and has had far-reaching effects on surgeon education. In many areas of the country, elective orthopedic surgery has completely stopped to ensure that resources are available for the critically ill and to minimize the spread of disease. COVID-19 is forcing many around the world to re-evaluate existing processes and organizations and adapt to carry out business, of which medicine and education are not immune. Most national and international orthopedic conferences, training programs, and workshops have been postponed or canceled, and we are now critically evaluating the delivery of education to our colleagues as well as residents and fellows. This article describes the evolution of orthopedic education and significant paradigm shifts necessary to continue to teach ourselves and the future leaders of our noble profession."}, {"pmid": 32434831, "title": "Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cirrhosis: a multicentre cohort study.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Qi, Xiaolong", "Liu, Yanna", "Wang, Jitao", "Fallowfield, Jonathan A", "Wang, Jianwen", "Li, Xinyu", "Shi, Jindong", "Pan, Hongqiu", "Zou, Shengqiang", "Zhang, Hongguang", "Chen, Zhenhuai", "Li, Fujian", "Luo, Yan", "Mei, Mei", "Liu, Huiling", "Wang, Zhengyan", "Li, Jinlin", "Yang, Hua", "Xiang, Huihua", "Li, Xiaodan", "Liu, Tao", "Zheng, Ming-Hua", "Liu, Chuan", "Huang, Yifei", "Xu, Dan", "Li, Xiaoguo", "Kang, Ning", "He, Qing", "Gu, Ye", "Zhang, Guo", "Shao, Chuxiao", "Liu, Dengxiang", "Zhang, Lin", "Li, Xun", "Kawada, Norifumi", "Jiang, Zicheng", "Wang, Fengmei", "Xiong, Bin", "Takehara, Tetsuo", "Rockey, Don C"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434831", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503855, "title": "Candidate rheumatologic treatments for COVID-19. Response to: 'COVID-19 infection in a patient with FMF: does colchicine have a protective effect?' by Kobak.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503855", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512133, "title": "Poor-sleep is associated with slow recovery from lymphopenia and an increased need for ICU care in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Zhang, Jiancheng", "Xu, Dan", "Xie, Bing", "Zhang, Yujing", "Huang, Haiyan", "Liu, Hongmei", "Chen, Huaqi", "Sun, Yongbo", "Shang, You", "Hashimoto, Kenji", "Yuan, Shiying"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512133", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sleep is known to play an important role in immune function. However, the effects of sleep quality during hospitalization for COVID-19 remain unclear. This retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted to investigate the effects of sleep quality on recovery from lymphopenia and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the West District of Wuhan Union Hospital between January 25 and March 15, 2020. The Richards-Campbell sleep questionnaire (RCSQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to assess sleep quality. The epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were collected from electronic medical records and compared between the good-sleep group and poor-sleep group. In all, 135 patients (60 in good-sleep group and 75 in poor-sleep group) were included in this study. There were no significant between-group differences regarding demographic and baseline characteristics, as well as laboratory parameters upon admission and in-hospital treatment. Compared with patients in the good-sleep group, patients in the poor-sleep group had lower absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) (day 14: median, 1.10 vs 1.32, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0055; day 21: median, 1.18 vs 1.48, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0034) and its reduced recovery rate (day 14: median, 56.91 vs 69.40, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0255; day 21: median, 61.40 vs 111.47, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0003), as well as increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; day 14: median, 3.17 vs 2.44, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0284; day 21: median, 2.73 vs 2.23, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0092) and its associated deterioration rate (day 14: median, -39.65 vs -61.09, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0155; day 21: median, -51.40% vs -75.43, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0003). Nine [12.0%] patients in the poor-sleep group required ICU care (P\u00a0=\u00a00.0151); meanwhile, none of the patients in good-sleep group required ICU care. Patients in the poor-sleep group had increased duration of hospital stay (33.0 [23.0-47.0] days vs 25.0 [20.5-36.5] days, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0116) compared to those in the good-sleep group. An increased incidence of hospital-acquired infection (seven [9.3%] vs one [1.7%]) was observed in the poor-sleep group compared to the good-sleep group; however, this difference was not significant (P\u00a0=\u00a00.1316). In conclusion, poor sleep quality during hospitalization in COVID-19 patients with lymphopenia is associated with a slow recovery from lymphopenia and an increased need for ICU care."}, {"pmid": 32436603, "title": "Makeshift face shield for healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Gupta, S", "Jangra, R S", "Gupta, S", "Gujrathi, A V", "Sharma, A"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436603", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329974, "title": "Mild or Moderate Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Gandhi, Rajesh T", "Lynch, John B", "Del Rio, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329974", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304386, "pmcid": "PMC7188067", "title": "Managing a Specialty Service During the COVID-19 Crisis: Lessons From a New York City Health System.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Ammar, Adam", "Stock, Ariel D", "Holland, Ryan", "Gelfand, Yaroslav", "Altschul, David"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304386", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has stretched health care resources to a point of crisis throughout the world. To answer the call for care, health care workers in a diverse range of specialties are being retasked to care for patients with COVID-19. Consequently, specialty services have had to adapt to decreased staff available for coverage coupled with a need to remain available for specialty-specific emergencies, which now require a dynamic definition. In this Invited Commentary, the authors describe their experiences and share lessons learned regarding triage of patients, staff safety, workforce management, and the psychological impact as they have adapted to a new reality in the Department of Neurosurgery at Montefiore Medical Center, a COVID-19 hotspot in New York City."}, {"pmid": 32523141, "title": "Coronavirus infection in patients with diabetes.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Torres-Tamayo, Margarita", "Caracas-Portillo, Nacu A", "Pena-Aparicio, Berenice", "Juarez-Rojas, Juan G", "Medina-Urrutia, Aida X", "Martinez-Alvarado, Maria Del R"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523141", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes mellitus is a complex, multifactorial, chronic disease characterized by impaired metabolism of glucose, fats and proteins. Patients who suffer from it frequently have hyperglycemia and coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death. The comorbidities associated with diabetes are overweight and obesity, systemic arterial hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia and in some patients peripheral vascular disease, kidney damage, neuropathy and retinopathy. Chronic lack of control of the disease is associated with increased susceptibility to infections, which generally have few symptoms, but hyperglycemia is generally magnified, which worsens the course of infections. Since December 2019, when the disease caused by one of the coronaviruses (coronavirus 2 of severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS-CoV-2) was identified and has been called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there have been some reports that associate the presence of diabetes with an increased risk of mortality. In this review article we have focused on four specific points: 1) epidemiology of the prevalence and mortality of COVID 19 in the general population and in the population with type 2 diabetes mellitus; 2) pathophysiology related to the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to receptors in subjects with diabetes; 3) the immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2, and 4) the outpatient and hospital treatment recommended in patients with diabetes who become infected with SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32373705, "pmcid": "PMC7198431", "title": "Repurposing and reshaping of hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Her, Minyoung"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373705", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the extensive outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea, many strategies in the hospital setting, such as stratified patient care, the assignment of hospitals/beds by a task force team, and the establishment of dedicated COVID-19 hospitals, dedicated COVID-19 emergency centers, COVID-19 community facilities, and respiratory care split hospitals, were adopted to mitigate community transmission and prevent nosocomial infection. Most of these strategies were used during the Middle East Respiratory syndrome outbreak and were applied again successfully during the COVID-19 outbreak. The reallocation of health care capacity, repurposing of hospitals, and close collaboration between the government and the health care committee might have been the key to successfully addressing the crisis of COVID-19 given the shortage of health care resources."}, {"pmid": 32315075, "pmcid": "PMC7264796", "title": "COVID-19, Post-acute Care Preparedness and Nursing Homes: Flawed Policy in the Fog of War.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Gurwitz, Jerry H"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389891, "pmcid": "PMC7199000", "title": "Making Waves: Coronavirus detection, presence and persistence in the water environment: State of the art and knowledge needs for public health.", "journal": "Water Res", "authors": ["Carducci, Annalaura", "Federigi, Ileana", "Liu, Dasheng", "Thompson, Julian R", "Verani, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389891", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The main route of transmission of the human coronaviruses (HCoVs), and presumably also of the new pandemic SARS-CoV-2, is via droplets and close contacts, however their fecal elimination also suggests the possible spread via water. A scientific literature search was thus carried out to highlight the current state of the art and knowledge gaps regarding coronavirus in water. Since 1978 only 22 studies have met the inclusion criteria, and considered heterogeneous purposes, detection methods and types of water. In\u00a0vitro experiments have addressed the recovery efficiency of analytical methods, survival in different types of water and the removal efficiency of water treatments. Field studies have monitored coronaviruses in surface waters, sewage, slurry, and biosolids. Overall, at the lab scale, HCoVs or surrogates can survive for several days at 4\u00a0\u00b0C, however their persistence is lower compared with non-enveloped viruses and is strongly influenced by temperature and organic or microbial pollution. HCoVs have rarely been detected in field investigations, however may be due to the low recovery efficiency of the analytical methods. The scarcity of information on HCoV in the environment suggests that research is needed to understand the fate of these viruses in the water cycle."}, {"pmid": 32509284, "pmcid": "PMC7242883", "title": "The need to implement non-industry COVID-19 clinical trials in non-high-income countries.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Dal-Re, Rafael", "Carcas, Antonio J", "Sreeharan, Nadarajah"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509284", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490887, "title": "Investigation of Turkish dentists' clinical attitudes and behaviors towards the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey study.", "journal": "Braz Oral Res", "authors": ["Duruk, Gulsum", "Gumusboga, Zekiye Seyma", "Colak, Cemil"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490887", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the whole world is under the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, and dentists are at high risk. The aim of this study was to investigate what kind of precautions Turkish dentists take in dental clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study population consisted of dentists in Turkey. An online questionnaire (23 questions-57 items) was sent to a sample of Turkish dentists from March 16 to March 20, 2020. The questionnaire comprised a series of questions about dentists' demographic characteristics, their concerns, and the measures taken in dental clinics against COVID-19. This study included a total of 1,958 Turkish dentists. A total of 1,274 (65.1%) were general dentists, and 684 (34.9%) were specialists. Five hundred twenty-two (26.7%) dentists attended an informational meeting on COVID-19. Of these dentists, 69.8% were aware of COVID-19 according to their self-assessed knowledge scores. More than 90% of the dentists were concerned about themselves and their families. Only 12% of the dentists wore an N95 mask. Although Turkish dentists took some precautionary measures, they did not take enough precautions to protect themselves, the dental staff, and other patients from COVID-19. As the number of COVID-19 cases increased, the measures taken slightly increased in dental clinics as well. Dentists are strongly recommended to take maximum precautions in the clinical setting. The guidelines about the COVID-19 pandemic should be sent to all dentists by the regional and national dental associations."}, {"pmid": 32294322, "pmcid": "PMC7262201", "title": "Does Coronavirus Disease 2019 Disprove the Obesity Paradox in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Jose, Ricardo J", "Manuel, Ari"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294322", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267928, "pmcid": "PMC7184478", "title": "Rapid design and implementation of an integrated patient self-triage and self-scheduling tool for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Judson, Timothy J", "Odisho, Anobel Y", "Neinstein, Aaron B", "Chao, Jessica", "Williams, Aimee", "Miller, Christopher", "Moriarty, Tim", "Gleason, Nathaniel", "Intinarelli, Gina", "Gonzales, Ralph"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267928", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To rapidly deploy a digital patient-facing self-triage and self-scheduling tool in a large academic health system to address the COVID-19 pandemic. We created a patient portal-based COVID-19 self-triage and self-scheduling tool and made it available to all primary care patients at the University of California, San Francisco Health, a large academic health system. Asymptomatic patients were asked about exposure history and were then provided relevant information. Symptomatic patients were triaged into 1 of 4 categories-emergent, urgent, nonurgent, or self-care-and then connected with the appropriate level of care via direct scheduling or telephone hotline. This self-triage and self-scheduling tool was designed and implemented in under 2 weeks. During the first 16 days of use, it was completed 1129 times by 950 unique patients. Of completed sessions, 315 (28%) were by asymptomatic patients, and 814 (72%) were by symptomatic patients. Symptomatic patient triage dispositions were as follows: 193 emergent (24%), 193 urgent (24%), 99 nonurgent (12%), 329 self-care (40%). Sensitivity for detecting emergency-level care was 87.5% (95% CI 61.7-98.5%). This self-triage and self-scheduling tool has been widely used by patients and is being rapidly expanded to other populations and health systems. The tool has recommended emergency-level care with high sensitivity, and decreased triage time for patients with less severe illness. The data suggests it also prevents unnecessary triage messages, phone calls, and in-person visits. Patient self-triage tools integrated into electronic health record systems have the potential to greatly improve triage efficiency and prevent unnecessary visits during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32435809, "title": "Racial demographics and COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths: a correlational analysis of 2886 US counties.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Mahajan, Uma V", "Larkins-Pettigrew, Margaret"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435809", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent news reports state that racial minority groups, such as African-Americans, are experiencing a greater COVID-19 burden, as measured by confirmed cases and deaths. Limited racial data is available on a national level. We conducted the first nationwide analysis to examine COVID-19 and race on a county level. We obtained datasets on COVID-19 cases and deaths, and racial population totals, by US county. We examined if correlations exist between the racial percentages and percentages of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths by county. A positive correlation existed between percentages of African-Americans living in a county and who have COVID-19 (r\u00a0=\u00a00.254, P\u00a0<\u00a00.0001), who have died from COVID-19 (r\u00a0=\u00a00.268, P\u00a0<\u00a00.0001), and case mortality (r\u00a0=\u00a00.055, P\u00a0=\u00a00.003). Positive correlations also existed between percentages of Asian-Americans living in counties and these factors. Negative correlations existed between percentages of Whites living in counties and these factors. A weak, albeit very significant, positive relationship exists between the percentage of African-Americans living in a county and the percentage of COVID-19 confirmed cases, confirmed deaths and case mortality in the county. This is in support of many city and statewide analyses, and we urge for targeted resources towards work that further examine these racial associations."}, {"pmid": 32226288, "pmcid": "PMC7098036", "title": "Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Patients Infected with 2019-New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A Review and Perspective.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Yang, Yang", "Islam, Md Sahidul", "Wang, Jin", "Li, Yuan", "Chen, Xin"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226288", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, formerly known as 2019-nCoV, the causative pathogen of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)) has rapidly spread across China and around the world, causing an outbreak of acute infectious pneumonia. No specific anti-virus drugs or vaccines are available for the treatment of this sudden and lethal disease. The supportive care and non-specific treatment to ameliorate the symptoms of the patient are the only options currently. At the top of these conventional therapies, greater than 85% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in China are receiving Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment. In this article, relevant published literatures are thoroughly reviewed and current applications of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19 patients are analyzed. Due to the homology in epidemiology, genomics, and pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, and the widely use of TCM in the treatment of SARS-CoV, the clinical evidence showing the beneficial effect of TCM in the treatment of patients with SARS coronaviral infections are discussed. Current experiment studies that provide an insight into the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of TCM, and those studies identified novel naturally occurring compounds with anti-coronaviral activity are also introduced."}, {"pmid": 32355658, "pmcid": "PMC7191263", "title": "Safety Guidelines for Sterility of Face Shields During COVID 19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Khan, Mubarak M", "Parab, Sapna R"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355658", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Face shields are personal protective equipment devices that are to be used by many health care workers during COVID 19 pandemic for protection of the facial area and associated mucous membranes (eyes, nose, mouth) from droplet spread of infection. Face shields are generally not used alone, but in conjunction with other protective equipment like cap, mask, goggle, and are therefore classified as adjunctive personal protective equipment. In the wake of scarcity of face shields during the COVID 19 Pandemic, consideration of innovating newer methods of manufacturing must be considered to overcome the present day scarcity without jeopardising the safety of front line Heath care workers. All initial fast innovations comes with advantages and disadvantages, hence we thought of putting down simple guidelines for new emerged face shield use."}, {"pmid": 32196410, "pmcid": "PMC7170333", "title": "Hypothesis for potential pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection-a review of immune changes in patients with viral pneumonia.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Lin, Ling", "Lu, Lianfeng", "Cao, Wei", "Li, Taisheng"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196410", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with droplets and contact as the main means of transmission. Since the first case appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the outbreak has gradually spread nationwide. Up to now, according to official data released by the Chinese health commission, the number of newly diagnosed patients has been declining, and the epidemic is gradually being controlled. Although most patients have mild symptoms and good prognosis after infection, some patients developed severe and die from multiple organ complications. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans remains unclear. Immune function is a strong defense against invasive pathogens and there is currently no specific antiviral drug against the virus. This article reviews the immunological changes of coronaviruses like SARS, MERS and other viral pneumonia similar to SARS-CoV-2. Combined with the published literature, the potential pathogenesis of COVID-19 is inferred, and the treatment recommendations for giving high-doses intravenous immunoglobulin and low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulant therapy to severe type patients are proposed."}, {"pmid": 32416993, "pmcid": "PMC7183957", "title": "Implementing shared ventilation must be scientific and ethical, or it risks harm.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Cook, Daniel C"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416993", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417017, "pmcid": "PMC7211617", "title": "Human factors recognition at virtual meetings and video conferencing: how to get the best performance from yourself and others.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Oeppen, R S", "Shaw, G", "Brennan, P A"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417017", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the current coronavirus pandemic, social distancing and restrictions on travel have resulted in a dramatic rise in the use of technology (including video conferencing) for remote meetings. From local multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings to national and international committees, this form of communication has been vital to ensure patient-related and other business can continue, albeit in a sometimes unfamiliar environment. In this article we consider some of the human factors elements of remote meetings and provide suggestions to enhance the experience of team and committee members during this unsettling time. It is possible that this form of communication will continue to flourish after the pandemic is over."}, {"pmid": 32487139, "pmcid": "PMC7265662", "title": "Cyclosporine A: a valid candidate to treat COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Cour, Martin", "Ovize, Michel", "Argaud, Laurent"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487139", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515382, "title": "Cardiovigilance in COVID 19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Kishor, Kamal", "Marwah, Rishabh", "Anantharaj, Avinash", "Kalra, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515382", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID19 (Corona Virus Disease: pandemic started in 2019) pandemic has created not only a public health problem, but as a clinical challenge as well. To the cardiologist, COVID 19 presents a wide spectrum of possibilities for clinical decision-making intervention and improvement. Cardiac dysfunction has been identified as a risk factor, a prognostic factor, a diagnostic tool, differential diagnosis, a complication of COVID 19, and a side effect of its treatment. Certain cardiotropic drugs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID 19. The risk of transmission of COVID 19 is an occupational hazard which cannot be ignored by cardiologists. This review discusses the need and scope of cardio vigilance in COVID 19 management."}, {"pmid": 32388390, "pmcid": "PMC7175888", "title": "The powerful immune system against powerful COVID-19: A hypothesis.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farzad", "Akbari, Hassan"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388390", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. Since December 2019, the world has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but the factors affecting the immune system against COVID-19 have not been well described. In this article, we provide a novel hypothesis to describe how an increase in cellular adenosine triphosphate (c-ATP) can potentially improve the efficiency of innate and adaptive immune systems to either prevent or fight off COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32220035, "pmcid": "PMC7228362", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: What do we know so far?", "journal": "Acta Physiol (Oxf)", "authors": ["Khedkar, Pratik H", "Patzak, Andreas"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220035", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339236, "pmcid": "PMC7197566", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: It is time to temporarily close places of worship and to suspend religious gatherings.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Yezli, Saber", "Khan, Anas"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339236", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420948, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in Parma.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Dodi, Icilio", "Castellone, Eleonora", "Pappalardo, Marco", "Rubini, Monica", "Veronese, Piero", "Ruberto, Claudio", "Bianchi, Laura", "Iovane, Brunella", "Maffini, Valentina"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420948", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "not available."}, {"pmid": 32516147, "title": "Preventing Infection of Patients and Healthcare Workers Should Be the New Normal in the Era of Novel Coronavirus Epidemics: Comment.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Gomez-Rios, Manuel Angel", "Casans-Frances, Ruben", "Abad-Gurumeta, Alfredo", "Taboada-Lopez, Elena"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516147", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510987, "title": "Telemedicine Outpatient Cardiovascular Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Bridging or Opening the Digital Divide?", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Eberly, Lauren A", "Khatana, Sameed Ahmed M", "Nathan, Ashwin S", "Snider, Christopher", "Julien, Howard M", "Deleener, Mary Elisabeth", "Adusumalli, Srinath"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510987", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179890, "pmcid": "PMC7184482", "title": "Risk Factors of Healthcare Workers with Corona Virus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Designated Hospital of Wuhan in China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ran, Li", "Chen, Xuyu", "Wang, Ying", "Wu, Wenwen", "Zhang, Ling", "Tan, Xiaodong"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179890", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in Wuhan, China has caused many healthcare workers (HCWs) infected. Seventy-two HCWs manifested with acute respiratory illness were retrospectively enrolled to analyze the risk factors. The high-risk department, longer duty hours, and suboptimal hand hygiene after contacting with patients were linked to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32343222, "title": "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Social Distancing Interventions to Delay or Flatten the Epidemic Curve of Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Matrajt, Laura", "Leung, Tiffany"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343222", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By April 2, 2020, >1 million persons worldwide were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We used a mathematical model to investigate the effectiveness of social distancing interventions in a mid-sized city. Interventions reduced contacts of adults >60 years of age, adults 20-59 years of age, and children <19 years of age for 6 weeks. Our results suggest interventions started earlier in the epidemic delay the epidemic curve and interventions started later flatten the epidemic curve. We noted that, while social distancing interventions were in place, 20% of new cases and most hospitalizations and deaths were averted, even with modest reductions in contact among adults. However, when interventions ended, the epidemic rebounded. Our models suggest that social distancing can provide crucial time to increase healthcare capacity but must occur in conjunction with testing and contact tracing of all suspected cases to mitigate virus transmission."}, {"pmid": 32471774, "pmcid": "PMC7250109", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: Naso-bronchial cytological correlations.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Gelardi, Matteo", "Notargiacomo, Mario", "Trecca, Eleonora M C", "Cassano, Michele"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471774", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291351, "pmcid": "PMC7159901", "title": "Repurposing Didanosine as a Potential Treatment for COVID-19 Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data.", "journal": "mSystems", "authors": ["Alakwaa, Fadhl M"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291351", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of today (7 April 2020), more than 81,000 people around the world have died from the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is no approved drug or vaccine for COVID-19, although more than 10 clinical trials have been launched to test potential drugs. In an urgent response to this pandemic, I developed a bioinformatics pipeline to identify compounds and drug candidates to potentially treat COVID-19. This pipeline is based on publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and the drug perturbation database \"Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures\" (LINCS). I developed a ranking score system that prioritizes these drugs or small molecules. The four drugs with the highest total score are didanosine, benzyl-quinazolin-4-yl-amine, camptothecin, and RO-90-7501. In conclusion, I have demonstrated the utility of bioinformatics for identifying drugs than can be repurposed for potentially treating COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32199813, "pmcid": "PMC7270735", "title": "The Emerging Pandemic of Coronavirus and the Urgent Need for Public Health Leadership.", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["Hennekens, Charles H", "George, Safiya", "Adirim, Terry A", "Johnson, Heather", "Maki, Dennis G"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199813", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335628, "title": "Air Medical Evacuation of Nepalese Citizen During Epidemic of COVID-19 from Wuhan to Nepal.", "journal": "JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc", "authors": ["Rajbhandari, Bibek", "Phuyal, Naveen", "Shrestha, Bikal", "Thapa, Moon"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335628", "countries": ["China", "India", "Nepal", "Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the world was disrupted by the news of a new strain of virus known as Novel Corona virus, taking lives of many in China. Wuhan, the capital of Central China's Hubei province is said to be the place where the outbreak started. The city went on a lockdown as the disease spread rapidly. After the lockdown, most countries like India and Bangladesh airlifted their citizens who were studying in Wuhan. Similarly, Nepal also has many youth studying medicine in Wuhan. Pleas for help from the students reached the government. This was a first encounter of such experience for Nepal government. With the help of Health Emergency Organizing committee, Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Nepal Army Hospital, Nepal Police Hospital, Waste Management team, Nepal Ambulance service, Tribhuwan Airport and Royal Airlines the government of Nepal planned, organized and successfully brought back all the 175 students on 15 the February, 2019 from Wuhan, China. The aim of the present article is to share the experience, the challenges faced and recommendations for future similar cases. Keywords: evacuation; Nepal; Novel Corona virus; Wuhan."}, {"pmid": 32459700, "title": "Ectopic Pregnancy During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): To Operate, or Not to Operate.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Hansen, Keith A", "Stovall, Dale W"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413527, "pmcid": "PMC7215158", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak and cancer radiotherapy disruption in Italy: Survey endorsed by the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO).", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Jereczek-Fossa, Barbara Alicja", "Pepa, Matteo", "Marvaso, Giulia", "Bruni, Alessio", "Buglione di Monale E Bastia, Michela", "Catalano, Gianpiero", "Filippi, Andrea Riccardo", "Franco, Pierfrancesco", "Gambacorta, Maria Antonietta", "Genovesi, Domenico", "Iati, Giuseppe", "Magli, Alessandro", "Marafioti, Luigi", "Meattini, Icro", "Merlotti, Anna", "Mignogna, Marcello", "Musio, Daniela", "Pacelli, Roberto", "Pergolizzi, Stefano", "Tombolini, Vincenzo", "Trovo, Marco", "Ricardi, Umberto", "Magrini, Stefano Maria", "Corvo, Renzo", "Donato, Vittorio"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413527", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy experienced one of the world's deadliest COVID-19 outbreaks and healthcare systems had to instantly reorganise activity. The Italian Radiation Oncology Departments adapted numerous solutions to minimize the disruptions. Information technologies, treatment prioritization and implementation of hypofractionation and protection procedures allowed balancing between cancer patient care and patient/healthcare workers safety."}, {"pmid": 32358808, "pmcid": "PMC7267421", "title": "COVID-19 epidemic: Skin protection for health care workers must not be ignored.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Zhang, Bin", "Zhai, Ruijie", "Ma, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358808", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since first reported in 2019, pneumonia associated with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly developed into an outbreak across the world.1 Number of the patients of all age groups has increased significantly.2 In order to curb the spread of the epidemic, thousands of health care workers (HCWs) have joined the front line of the fight against this highly contagious disease.3 When taking care of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, HCWs must first protect themselves by performing adequate hand hygiene and using protective equipment including medical mask, goggles/face shield, gown and gloves.4 However, the wearing of these personal protective equipment (PPE) on a daily basis and the frequent use of hand disinfectants often cause skin problems which could reduce their enthusiasm for overloaded work and make them anxious at all stages of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32450755, "title": "Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pediatric Otolaryngology Perspective.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Maurrasse, Sarah E", "Rastatter, Jeff C", "Hoff, Stephen R", "Billings, Kathleen R", "Valika, Taher S"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created a situation unparalleled in our lifetime. As the medical community has attempted to navigate a sea of ever-changing information and policies, this uncertainty has instead bred creativity, community, and evolution. Necessity is the mother of invention, and one of the by-products of our rapidly changing environment is the increased reliance on telemedicine. Here, we discuss our experience with incorporating telemedicine into an urban academic pediatric otolaryngology practice, the challenges that we have encountered, and the principles unique to this population."}, {"pmid": 32360355, "pmcid": "PMC7190502", "title": "COVID-19-associated shortage of alcohol-based hand rubs, face masks, medical gloves and gowns - proposal for a risk-adapted approach to ensure patient and healthcare worker safety.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Kampf, Gunter", "Scheithauer, Simone", "Lemmen, Sebastian", "Saliou, Philippe", "Suchomel, Miranda"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360355", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a huge demand of alcohol-based hand rubs, medical gloves, face masks and gowns in healthcare and from the public. More and more hospitals face a serious shortage of these articles. We propose a risk-adapted approach to ensure adequate patient and healthcare worker safety for as long as possible."}, {"pmid": 32237206, "title": "Obesity and its Implications for COVID-19 Mortality.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Dietz, William", "Santos-Burgoa, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237206", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522847, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and the reduction in ST-elevation myocardial infarction admissions.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Kulkarni, Prashanth", "Mahadevappa, Manjappa"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522847", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459675, "pmcid": "PMC7268839", "title": "Proposed Changes to the 2021 Residency Application Process in the Wake of COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Gabrielson, Andrew T", "Kohn, Jaden R", "Sparks, Hayley T", "Clifton, Marisa M", "Kohn, Taylor P"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459675", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unique challenges to the delivery of undergraduate medical education, particularly for current third-year medical students who are preparing to apply to residency. In mid-March, medical schools suspended all clinical rotations for the remainder of the 2019-2020 academic year. As such, third-year medical students may not be able to complete sufficient clinical experiences to make important career choices before they have to submit their residency applications. While the decision to suspend clinical rotations was necessary to protect students, specialty organizations and residency programs must mitigate the deficits in students' clinical education caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.In this Perspective, the authors identify potential challenges for third-year medical students and advocate for solutions to improve the residency application process for students and programs. First, they propose delaying the date that programs can access applicant data through the Electronic Residency Application Service, thereby affording students more time to complete clinical experiences, solidify their specialty decision, and strengthen their residency application. Second, the authors recommend a restriction on the number of visiting rotations that students are expected to complete to allow for a more equitable distribution of these important experiences. Third, they suggest that program directors from each specialty agree on a maximum number of applications per applicant (based on historical data) to curb an upsurge in applications that may stem from the unique circumstances created by COVID-19 without causing applicants undue stress. Lastly, the authors advocate that residency programs develop infrastructure to conduct video-based interviews and engage students through virtual networking events.Amidst the unique environment created by COVID-19, the authors urge governing bodies, specialty organizations, and residency programs to consider these recommendations to improve the efficiency and reduce the stress surrounding the 2021 Match."}, {"pmid": 32376262, "pmcid": "PMC7196538", "title": "Bereavement Support on the Frontline of COVID-19: Recommendations for Hospital Clinicians.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Selman, Lucy E", "Chao, Davina", "Sowden, Ryann", "Marshall, Steve", "Chamberlain, Charlotte", "Koffman, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376262", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Deaths due to COVID-19 are associated with risk factors which can lead to prolonged grief disorder, post-traumatic stress, and other poor bereavement outcomes among relatives, as well as moral injury and distress in frontline staff. Here we review relevant research evidence and provide evidence-based recommendations and resources for hospital clinicians to mitigate poor bereavement outcomes and support staff. For relatives, bereavement risk factors include dying in an intensive care unit, severe breathlessness, patient isolation or restricted access, significant patient and family emotional distress, and disruption to relatives' social support networks. Recommendations include advance care planning; proactive, sensitive, and regular communication with family members alongside accurate information provision; enabling family members to say goodbye in person where possible; supporting virtual communication; providing excellent symptom management and emotional and spiritual support; and providing and/or sign-posting to bereavement services. To mitigate effects of this emotionally challenging work on staff, we recommend an organizational and systemic approach which includes access to informal and professional support."}, {"pmid": 32340833, "pmcid": "PMC7142680", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A literature review.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Harapan, Harapan", "Itoh, Naoya", "Yufika, Amanda", "Winardi, Wira", "Keam, Synat", "Te, Haypheng", "Megawati, Dewi", "Hayati, Zinatul", "Wagner, Abram L", "Mudatsir, Mudatsir"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340833", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of February 14, 2020, 49,053 laboratory-confirmed and 1,381 deaths have been reported globally. Perceived risk of acquiring disease has led many governments to institute a variety of control measures. We conducted a literature review of publicly available information to summarize knowledge about the pathogen and the current epidemic. In this literature review, the causative agent, pathogenesis and immune responses, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and management of the disease, control and preventions strategies are all reviewed."}, {"pmid": 32376777, "pmcid": "PMC7228480", "title": "COVID-19: maintaining essential rehabilitation services across the care continuum.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Prvu Bettger, Janet", "Thoumi, Andrea", "Marquevich, Victoria", "De Groote, Wouter", "Rizzo Battistella, Linamara", "Imamura, Marta", "Delgado Ramos, Vinicius", "Wang, Ninie", "Dreinhoefer, Karsten E", "Mangar, Ariane", "Ghandi, Dorcas B C", "Ng, Yee Sien", "Lee, Kheng Hock", "Tan Wei Ming, John", "Pua, Yong Hao", "Inzitari, Marco", "Mmbaga, Blandina T", "Shayo, Mathew J", "Brown, Darren A", "Carvalho, Marissa", "Oh-Park, Mooyeon", "Stein, Joel"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234713, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors still at \"considerable risk\" from lack of PPE, BMA warns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234713", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407899, "pmcid": "PMC7212982", "title": "Onco-gynecologic surgery in the COVID-19 era: Risks and precautions-A position paper from FRANCOGYN, SCGP, SFCO, and SFOG.", "journal": "J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod", "authors": ["Lavoue, Vincent", "Akladios, Cherif", "Gladieff, Laurence", "Classe, Jean-Marc", "Lecuru, Fabrice", "Collinet, Pierre"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407899", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251934, "pmcid": "PMC7138175", "title": "Acute leukemia in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Leuk Res", "authors": ["Gavillet, Mathilde", "Carr Klappert, Jeanette", "Spertini, Olivier", "Blum, Sabine"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251934", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407257, "title": "Assessing the Value of Diagnostic Tests in the New World of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Sardanelli, Francesco", "Di Leo, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407257", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343505, "title": "Covid-19 - A Reminder to Reason.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Zagury-Orly, Ivry", "Schwartzstein, Richard M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343505", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464115, "pmcid": "PMC7247780", "title": "Caution against corticosteroid-based COVID-19 treatment.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Tang, Chong", "Wang, Yichuan", "Lv, Houshan", "Guan, Zhenpeng", "Gu, Jin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464115", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283185, "pmcid": "PMC7194895", "title": "Graft Cryopreservation Does Not Impact Overall Survival after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Using Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide for Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis.", "journal": "Biol Blood Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Hamadani, Mehdi", "Zhang, Mei-Jie", "Tang, Xiao-Ying", "Fei, Mingwei", "Brunstein, Claudio", "Chhabra, Saurabh", "D'Souza, Anita", "Milano, Filippo", "Phelan, Rachel", "Saber, Wael", "Shaw, Bronwen E", "Weisdorf, Daniel", "Devine, Steven M", "Horowitz, Mary M"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283185", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant barriers to timely donor evaluation, cell collection, and graft transport for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). To ensure availability of donor cells on the scheduled date of infusion, many sites now collect cryopreserved grafts before the start of pretransplantation conditioning. Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (ptCY) is an increasingly used approach for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, but the impact of graft cryopreservation on the outcomes of allo-HCT using ptCY is not known. Using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) database, we compared the outcomes of HCT using cryopreserved versus fresh grafts in patients undergoing HCT for hematologic malignancy with ptCY. We analyzed 274 patients with hematologic malignancy undergoing allo-HCT between 2013 and 2018 with cryopreserved grafts and ptCY. Eighteen patients received bone marrow grafts and 256 received peripheral blood stem cell grafts. These patients were matched for age, graft type, disease risk index (DRI), and propensity score with 1080 patients who underwent allo-HCT with fresh grafts. The propensity score, which is an assessment of the likelihood of receiving a fresh graft versus a cryopreserved graft, was calculated using logistic regression to account for the following: disease histology, Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS), HCT Comorbidity Index, conditioning regimen intensity, donor type, and recipient race. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), non-relapse mortality (NRM), relapse/progression and disease-free survival (DFS). Because of multiple comparisons, only P values <.01 were considered statistically significant. The 2 cohorts (cryopreserved and fresh) were similar in terms of patient age, KPS, diagnosis, DRI, HCT-CI, donor/graft source, and conditioning intensity. One-year probabilities of OS were 71.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.3% to 73.8%) with fresh grafts and 70.3% (95% CI, 64.6% to 75.7%) with cryopreserved grafts (P\u00a0=\u00a0.81). Corresponding probabilities of OS at 2 years were 60.6% (95% CI, 57.3% to 63.8%) and 58.7% (95% CI, 51.9% to 65.4%) (P\u00a0=\u00a0.62). In matched-pair regression analysis, graft cryopreservation was not associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] for cryopreserved versus fresh, 1.05; 95% CI, .86 to 1.29; P\u00a0=\u00a0.60). Similarly, rates of neutrophil recovery (HR, .91; 95% CI, .80 to 1.02; P\u00a0=\u00a0.12), platelet recovery (HR, .88; 95% CI, .78 to 1.00; P\u00a0=\u00a0.05), grade III-IV acute GVHD (HR, .78; 95% CI, .50 to 1.22; P\u00a0=\u00a0.27), NRM (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, .86 to 1.55; P\u00a0=\u00a0.32) and relapse/progression (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, .97 to 1.50; P\u00a0=\u00a0.09) were similar with cryopreserved grafts versus fresh grafts. There were somewhat lower rates of chronic GVHD (HR, 78; 95% CI, .61 to .99; P\u00a0=\u00a0.04) and DFS (HR for treatment failure, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.29; P\u00a0=\u00a0.04) with graft cryopreservation that were of marginal statistical significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Overall, our data indicate that graft cryopreservation does not significantly delay hematopoietic recovery, increase the risk of acute GVHD or NRM, or decrease OS after allo-HCT using ptCY."}, {"pmid": 32052466, "pmcid": "PMC7166986", "title": "Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Lei", "Liu, Yunhui"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32052466", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or 2019-CoV) infection has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. In the absence of treatment for this virus, there is an urgent need to find alternative methods to control the spread of disease. Here, we have conducted an online search for all treatment options related to coronavirus infections as well as some RNA-virus infection and we have found that general treatments, coronavirus-specific treatments, and antiviral treatments should be useful in fighting COVID-19. We suggest that the nutritional status of each infected patient should be evaluated before the administration of general treatments and the current children's RNA-virus vaccines including influenza vaccine should be immunized for uninfected people and health care workers. In addition, convalescent plasma should be given to COVID-19 patients if it is available. In conclusion, we suggest that all the potential interventions be implemented to control the emerging COVID-19 if the infection is uncontrollable."}, {"pmid": 32446821, "pmcid": "PMC7242206", "title": "Androgenetic Alopecia Present in the Majority of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients - the \"Gabrin sign\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Wambier, Carlos Gustavo", "Vano-Galvan, Sergio", "McCoy, John", "Gomez-Zubiaur, Alba", "Herrera, Sabina", "Hermosa-Gelbard, Angela", "Moreno-Arrones, Oscar M", "Jimenez-Gomez, Natalia", "Gonzalez-Cantero, Alvaro", "Pascual, Pablo Fonda", "Segurado-Miravalles, Gonzalo", "Shapiro, Jerry", "Perez-Garcia, Bibiana", "Goren, Andy"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446821", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32231323, "title": "Cull, release or bring them home: Coronavirus crisis forces hard decisions for labs with animals.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Nowogrodzki, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231323", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303509, "title": "Harnessing CAR T-cell Insights to Develop Treatments for Hyperinflammatory Responses in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "authors": ["Agarwal, Sangya", "June, Carl H"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303509", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cytokine release and macrophage activation contribute to immunopathology after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We discuss approaches to decrease the morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19 by repurposing existing drugs previously developed for cancer therapy."}, {"pmid": 32430996, "title": "Potential effects of curcumin in the treatment of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Zahedipour, Fatemeh", "Hosseini, Seyede Atefe", "Sathyapalan, Thozhukat", "Majeed, Muhammed", "Jamialahmadi, Tannaz", "Al-Rasadi, Khalid", "Banach, Maciej", "Sahebkar, Amirhossein"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430996", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is an ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with considerable mortality worldwide. The main clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is the presence of respiratory symptoms, but some patients develop severe cardiovascular and renal complications. There is an urgency to understand the mechanism by which this virus causes complications so as to develop treatment options. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, could be a potential treatment option for patients with coronavirus disease. In this study, we review some of the potential effects of curcumin such as inhibiting the entry of virus to the cell, inhibiting encapsulation of the virus and viral protease as well as modulating various cellular signaling pathways. This review provides a basis for further research and development of clinical applications of curcumin for the treatment of newly emerged SARS-CoV-2. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32475811, "title": "Sars-CoV-2 and black population: ACE2 as shield or blade?", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Vinciguerra, Mattia", "Greco, Ernesto"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475811", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32088335, "pmcid": "PMC7129612", "title": "Comments on \"Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven Analysis in the early phase of the outbreak\".", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dhungana, Hom Nath"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088335", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479682, "title": "Preeclampsia-like syndrome induced by severe COVID-19: a prospective observational study.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Mendoza, Manel", "Garcia-Ruiz, Itziar", "Maiz, Nerea", "Rodo, Carlota", "Garcia-Manau, Pablo", "Serrano, Berta", "Lopez-Martinez, Rosa Maria", "Balcells, Joan", "Fernandez-Hidalgo, Nuria", "Carreras, Elena", "Suy, Anna"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479682", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the incidence of clinical, ultrasonographic and biochemical findings related to preeclampsia (PE) in pregnancies with COVID-19, and to assess their accuracy to differentiate between PE and the PE-like features associated with COVID-19. A prospective, observational study. Tertiary referral hospital. Singleton pregnancies with COVID-19 at >20+0 weeks. 42 consecutive pregnancies were recruited and classified into two groups: severe and nonsevere COVID-19, according to the occurrence of severe pneumonia. Uterine artery pulsatility index (UtAPI) and angiogenic factors (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor [sFlt-1/PlGF]) were assessed in women with suspected PE. Incidence of signs and symptoms related to PE, such as hypertension, proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, abnormal UtAPI and increased sFlt-1/PlGF. 34 cases were classified as nonsevere and 8 as severe COVID-19. Six (14.3%) women presented signs and symptoms of PE, all six being among the severe COVID-19 cases (75.0%). However, abnormal sFlt-1/PlGF and UtAPI could only be demonstrated in one case. Two cases remained pregnant after recovery from severe pneumonia and had a spontaneous resolution of the PE-like syndrome. Pregnant women with severe COVID-19 can develop a PE-like syndrome that might be distinguished from actual PE by sFlt-1/PlGF, LDH and UtAPI assessment. Health care providers should be aware of its existence and monitor pregnancies with suspected preeclampsia with caution."}, {"pmid": 32471800, "pmcid": "PMC7211677", "title": "Gaucher disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection: Emerging management challenges.", "journal": "Mol Genet Metab", "authors": ["Mistry, Pramod", "Balwani, Manisha", "Barbouth, Deborah", "Burrow, T Andrew", "Ginns, Edward I", "Goker-Alpan, Ozlem", "Grabowski, Gregory A", "Kartha, Reena V", "Kishnani, Priya S", "Lau, Heather", "Lee, Chung U", "Lopez, Grisel", "Maegawa, Gustavo", "Packman, Seymour", "Prada, Carlos", "Rosenbloom, Barry", "Lal, Tamanna Roshan", "Schiffmann, Rapheal", "Weinreb, Neal", "Sidransky, Ellen"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471800", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367888, "pmcid": "PMC7218963", "title": "COVID-19 Dynamic Computed Tomography (CT) Performance and Observation of Some Laboratory Indicators.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Jiang, Xiangsen", "Yin, Zudong", "Wang, Tao", "Zhai, Nailiang", "Lu, Feng", "Zhan, Chunhua", "Han, Qizheng", "Feng, Changjiang"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367888", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND Chest CT has an essential role in the detection and evaluation of novel coronary pneumonia (COVID-19) and has be regarded as a critical supplement for RT-PCR. This study explored the dynamic CT manifestations of COVID-19 at different times and the value of some laboratory indicators for clinical guidance. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective review included 44 patients who were infected with COVID-19. The dynamic chest CT and laboratory findings were obtained from electronic medical records. The intervals between onset and CT scans and the dynamic changes of the lesions were recorded. The above data were reviewed, sorted, and analyzed by using SPSS 21.0 software. RESULTS From the time of onset, the dynamic image of the lungs became more complete. Fibrous cord shadow absorption in the lungs were observed. Experimental indicators, biochemical indicators of lymphocytes, and protein series were decreased to varying degrees, while erythrocyte sedimentation, fibrinogen, and D-dimer were increased to varying degrees. CONCLUSIONS The dynamic changes of CT images of lungs of COVID-19 patients, combined with the clinical manifestations and laboratory indicators of patients, can help guide clinical diagnosis and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32297847, "pmcid": "PMC7180324", "title": "COVID-19 affects healthy pediatricians more than pediatric patients.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297847", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360875, "pmcid": "PMC7192104", "title": "Assessing the Collateral Damage of the Novel Coronavirus: A Call to Action for the Post-COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Vervoort, Dominique", "Luc, Jessica G Y", "Percy, Edward", "Hirji, Sameer", "Lee, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360875", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145715, "title": "[A case report of aplastic anemia accompanied with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wu, T", "Kang, S C", "Feng, W", "Fu, H", "Zhu, X H", "Wang, X J", "Dai, P J", "Wang, T H", "Bai, H", "Xi, R", "Zhang, Q", "Xue, X", "Xiang, D W"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145715", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496506, "title": "Alternatives to Invasive Ventilation in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Patel, Bhakti K", "Kress, John P", "Hall, Jesse B"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496506", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385125, "title": "Harnessing behavioural science in public health campaigns to maintain 'social distancing' in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: key principles.", "journal": "J Epidemiol Community Health", "authors": ["Bonell, Chris", "Michie, Susan", "Reicher, Stephen", "West, Robert", "Bear, Laura", "Yardley, Lucy", "Curtis, Val", "Amlot, Richard", "Rubin, G James"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385125", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32187464, "pmcid": "PMC7121492", "title": "A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Cao, Bin", "Wang, Yeming", "Wen, Danning", "Liu, Wen", "Wang, Jingli", "Fan, Guohui", "Ruan, Lianguo", "Song, Bin", "Cai, Yanping", "Wei, Ming", "Li, Xingwang", "Xia, Jiaan", "Chen, Nanshan", "Xiang, Jie", "Yu, Ting", "Bai, Tao", "Xie, Xuelei", "Zhang, Li", "Li, Caihong", "Yuan, Ye", "Chen, Hua", "Li, Huadong", "Huang, Hanping", "Tu, Shengjing", "Gong, Fengyun", "Liu, Ying", "Wei, Yuan", "Dong, Chongya", "Zhou, Fei", "Gu, Xiaoying", "Xu, Jiuyang", "Liu, Zhibo", "Zhang, Yi", "Li, Hui", "Shang, Lianhan", "Wang, Ke", "Li, Kunxia", "Zhou, Xia", "Dong, Xuan", "Qu, Zhaohui", "Lu, Sixia", "Hu, Xujuan", "Ruan, Shunan", "Luo, Shanshan", "Wu, Jing", "Peng, Lu", "Cheng, Fang", "Pan, Lihong", "Zou, Jun", "Jia, Chunmin", "Wang, Juan", "Liu, Xia", "Wang, Shuzhen", "Wu, Xudong", "Ge, Qin", "He, Jing", "Zhan, Haiyan", "Qiu, Fang", "Guo, Li", "Huang, Chaolin", "Jaki, Thomas", "Hayden, Frederick G", "Horby, Peter W", "Zhang, Dingyu", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187464", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No therapeutics have yet been proven effective for the treatment of severe illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. We conducted a randomized, controlled, open-label trial involving hospitalized adult patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, which causes the respiratory illness Covid-19, and an oxygen saturation (Sao2) of 94% or less while they were breathing ambient air or a ratio of the partial pressure of oxygen (Pao2) to the fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) of less than 300 mm Hg. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either lopinavir-ritonavir (400 mg and 100 mg, respectively) twice a day for 14 days, in addition to standard care, or standard care alone. The primary end point was the time to clinical improvement, defined as the time from randomization to either an improvement of two points on a seven-category ordinal scale or discharge from the hospital, whichever came first. A total of 199 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection underwent randomization; 99 were assigned to the lopinavir-ritonavir group, and 100 to the standard-care group. Treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir was not associated with a difference from standard care in the time to clinical improvement (hazard ratio for clinical improvement, 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 1.80). Mortality at 28 days was similar in the lopinavir-ritonavir group and the standard-care group (19.2% vs. 25.0%; difference, -5.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -17.3 to 5.7). The percentages of patients with detectable viral RNA at various time points were similar. In a modified intention-to-treat analysis, lopinavir-ritonavir led to a median time to clinical improvement that was shorter by 1 day than that observed with standard care (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.91). Gastrointestinal adverse events were more common in the lopinavir-ritonavir group, but serious adverse events were more common in the standard-care group. Lopinavir-ritonavir treatment was stopped early in 13 patients (13.8%) because of adverse events. In hospitalized adult patients with severe Covid-19, no benefit was observed with lopinavir-ritonavir treatment beyond standard care. Future trials in patients with severe illness may help to confirm or exclude the possibility of a treatment benefit. (Funded by Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development and others; Chinese Clinical Trial Register number, ChiCTR2000029308.)."}, {"pmid": 32427594, "title": "What Should Surgeons Do In Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Beijing Experience.", "journal": "Dis Colon Rectum", "authors": ["Yao, Hongwei", "Pang, Kai", "Xiao, Gang", "Li, Fei", "Xiao, Yi", "Ye, Yingjiang", "Wang, Xin", "Xiu, Dianrong", "Wang, Zhenjun", "Du, Xiaohui", "Yao, Yunfeng", "Zhou, Lei", "Zhou, Chunlian", "Gu, Jin", "Zhang, Zhongtao"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427594", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478709, "title": "Stemming COVID-19 in Cuba: Strengths, Strategies, ChallengesFrancisco Duran MD.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Reed, Gail"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478709", "countries": ["Angola", "Cuba"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dr Dur\u00e1n is a native of eastern San-tiago de Cuba and his early medical career began in this mountainous re-gion, where he also headed provin-cial prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. He went on to become rector of the Medical University of Santiago de Cuba and provincial health direc-tor. Later in Havana, Dr Dur\u00e1n was director of medical education and vice minister at the Ministry of Public Health (MINSAP). Abroad, he served as advisor to Angola's Minister of Health, and on his return, as deputy director of Cuba's Pedro Kour\u00ed Tropical Medicine Institute (IPK). Dr Dur\u00e1n has been \"battle-tested\" over the years by his involvement in stemming dengue epidemics and other infectious dis-ease outbreaks, good preparation for his current position as National Direc-tor of Epidemiology. Today, his is the voice and the face on the 11:00 AM briefing carried daily by Cuban television, reporting the latest data on the un-folding COVID-19 pandemic globally, in the Americas and."}, {"pmid": 32418306, "title": "Comment on Matricardi PM et al.: The first, holistic immunological model of COVID-19: implications for prevention, diagnosis, and public health measures.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Mirijello, Antonio", "D'Errico, Maria Maddalena", "Lamarca, Antonella", "Piscitelli, Pamela", "De Cosmo, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418306", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332294, "pmcid": "PMC7188051", "title": "One Size Does Not Fit All: How to Rapidly Deploy Intubation Practice Changes in a Pediatric Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Brown, Sarah", "Verma, Shilpa", "Lean, Alexa", "Patrao, Fiona"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332294", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308203, "pmcid": "PMC7151456", "title": "Patients with respiratory symptoms are at greater risk of COVID-19 transmission.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Yang, Rongrong", "Gui, Xien", "Xiong, Yong"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308203", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320494, "title": "Systemic immunosuppressive therapy for inflammatory skin diseases in children: Expert consensus-based guidance for clinical decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Reynolds, Sean D", "Mathur, Anubhav N", "Chiu, Yvonne E", "Brandling-Bennett, Heather A", "Pope, Elena", "Siegel, Michael P", "Holland, Kristen E", "Paller, Amy S", "Siegfried, Elaine C", "Tom, Wynnis L", "Lara-Corrales, Irene", "Tollefson, Megha M", "Maguiness, Sheilagh", "Eichenfield, Lawrence F", "Sugarman, Jeffrey", "Frieden, Ilona J", "Oza, Vikash S", "Cipriano, Sarah D", "Huang, Jennifer T", "Shah, Sonal D", "Lauren, Christine T", "Castelo-Soccio, Leslie", "McMahon, Patrick", "Cordoro, Kelly M"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320494", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has raised questions about the approach to management of systemic immunosuppressive therapies for dermatologic indications in children. Change to: Given the absence of data to address concerns related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and systemic immunosuppressive therapies in an evidence-based manner, a Pediatric Dermatology COVID-19 Response Task Force (PDCRTF) was assembled to offer time-sensitive guidance for clinicians. A survey was distributed to an expert panel of 37 pediatric dermatologists on the PDCRTF to assess expert opinion and current practice related to three primary domains of systemic therapy: initiation, continuation, and laboratory monitoring. Nearly all respondents (97%) reported that the COVID-19 pandemic had impacted their decision to initiate immunosuppressive medications. The majority of pediatric dermatologists (87%) reported that they were pausing or reducing the frequency of laboratory monitoring for certain immunosuppressive medications. In asymptomatic patients, continuing therapy was the most popular choice across all medications queried. The majority agreed that patients on immunosuppressive medications who have a household exposure to COVID-19 or test positive for new infection should temporarily discontinue systemic and biologic medications, with the exception of systemic steroids, which may require tapering. The ultimate decision regarding initiation, continuation, and laboratory monitoring of immunosuppressive therapy during the pandemic requires careful deliberation, consideration of the little evidence available, and discussion with families. Consideration of an individual's adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures, risk of exposure, and the potential severity if infected must be weighed against the dermatological disease, medication, and risks to the patient of tapering or discontinuing therapies."}, {"pmid": 32275770, "pmcid": "PMC7262274", "title": "Safety testing improvised COVID-19 personal protective equipment based on a modified full-face snorkel mask.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Greig, P R", "Carvalho, C", "El-Boghdadly, K", "Ramessur, S"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238430, "title": "Nuclear Medicine Operations in the Times of COVID-19: Strategies, Precautions, and Experiences.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Czernin, Johannes", "Fanti, Stefano", "Meyer, Philipp T", "Allen-Auerbach, Martin", "Hacker, Marcus", "Sathekge, Mike", "Hicks, Rodney", "Scott, Andrew M", "Hatazawa, Jun", "Yun, Mijin", "Schoder, Heiko", "Bartenstein, Peter", "Herrmann, Ken"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238430", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331401, "pmcid": "PMC7215275", "title": "COVID-19 Factors and Psychological Factors Associated with Elevated Psychological Distress among Dentists and Dental Hygienists in Israel.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Shacham, Maayan", "Hamama-Raz, Yaira", "Kolerman, Roni", "Mijiritsky, Ori", "Ben-Ezra, Menachem", "Mijiritsky, Eitan"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331401", "countries": ["Israel"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of COVID-19 factors and psychological factors with psychological distress among dental staff during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 338 Israeli dentists and dental hygienists, who provided their demographic data; answered questions about COVID-19-related factors; and were assessed by subjective overload, self-efficacy, and psychological distress scales. Data were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression. Results revealed that elevated psychological distress was found among those who have background illness, fear of contracting COVID-19 from patient, and a higher subjective overload. Lower psychological distress was associated with being in a committed relationship and having higher scores for self-efficacy. Given these results, gathered during times of an infectious disease outbreak, exploring psychological distress among dental staff is warranted as the effects may be long-term."}, {"pmid": 32428245, "title": "Kicking on while it's still kicking off - getting surgery and anaesthesia restarted after COVID-19.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Cook, T M", "Harrop-Griffiths, W"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428245", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307014, "pmcid": "PMC7167301", "title": "Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of coagulation dysfunction in COVID-19.", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Song, Jing-Chun", "Wang, Gang", "Zhang, Wei", "Zhang, Yang", "Li, Wei-Qin", "Zhou, Zhou"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307014", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a novel type of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan led to an outbreak throughout China and the rest of the world. To date, there have been more than 1,260,000 COVID-19 patients, with a mortality rate of approximately 5.44%. Studies have shown that coagulation dysfunction is a major cause of death in patients with severe COVID-19. Therefore, the People's Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine and Chinese\u00a0Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis grouped experts from the frontline of the Wuhan epidemic to come together and develop an expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of coagulation dysfunction associated with a severe COVID-19 infection. This consensus includes an overview of COVID-19-related coagulation dysfunction, tests for coagulation, anticoagulation therapy, replacement therapy, supportive therapy and prevention. The consensus produced 18 recommendations which are being used to guide clinical work."}, {"pmid": 32305589, "pmcid": "PMC7162749", "title": "Combating devastating COVID-19 by drug repurposing.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Pawar, Ashish Yashwantrao"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305589", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite advances in drug discovery, viral infections remain a major challenge for scientists across the globe. The recent pandemic of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), caused by a viral infection with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), has created a disastrous situation all over the world. As no drugs are available to treat this life-threatening disease and the mortality rate due to COVID-19 is high, there is an utmost need to attempt to treat the infection using drug repurposing. Some countries are against the use of these drugs because of adverse effects associated with drug repurposing and lack of statistically significant clinical data, but they have been found to be effective in some countries to treat COVID-19 patients (off-label/investigational). This article emphasises possible drug candidates in the treatment of COVID-19. Most of these drugs were found to be effective in in vitro studies. There is a need to re-assess in vitro data and to carry out randomised clinical trials. Further investigations of these drugs are recommended on a priority basis."}, {"pmid": 32302407, "pmcid": "PMC7188113", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Physical Therapist Practice in Portugal.", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Alpalhao, Vanessa", "Alpalhao, Miguel"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302407", "countries": ["Portugal"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222161, "pmcid": "PMC7195275", "title": "Considering inequalities in the school closure response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Armitage, Richard", "Nellums, Laura B"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294617, "title": "Safety at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: How to Keep our Oncology Patients and Healthcare Workers Safe.", "journal": "J Natl Compr Canc Netw", "authors": ["Cinar, Pelin", "Kubal, Timothy", "Freifeld, Alison", "Mishra, Asmita", "Shulman, Lawrence", "Bachman, James", "Fonseca, Rafael", "Uronis, Hope", "Klemanski, Dori", "Slusser, Kim", "Lunning, Matthew", "Liu, Catherine"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294617", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was first detected as a respiratory illness in December 2019 in Wuhan City, China. Since then, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted every aspect of our lives worldwide. In a time when terms such as social distancing and flattening the curve have become a part of our vernacular, it is essential that we understand what measures can be implemented to protect our patients and healthcare workers. Undoubtedly, healthcare providers have had to rapidly alter care delivery models while simultaneously acknowledging the crucial unknowns of how these changes may affect clinical outcomes. This special feature reviews strategies on how to mitigate transmission of COVID-19 in an effort to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the disease for patients with cancer without infection, for patients with cancer with COVID-19 infection, and for the healthcare workers caring for them, while continuing to provide the best possible cancer care. [Editor's Note: This article includes the most current information available at time of publication; however, recommendations regarding public safety and practice may change rapidly in this situation. Individuals should get the most up to date information from the CDC website.]."}, {"pmid": 32277486, "title": "Testing for coverage from personal protective equipment.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Heij, R", "Steel, A G", "Young, P J"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277486", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326993, "pmcid": "PMC7235298", "title": "Effect of COVID-19 on the mental health care of older people in Canada.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Flint, Alastair J", "Bingham, Kathleen S", "Iaboni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326993", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340979, "title": "Online management of rheumatoid arthritis during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Yang", "Wang, Jian", "Zhao, Liang", "Xiao, Jun", "Shi, Zhanjun"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505805, "title": "A snapshot of the Covid-19 pandemic among pregnant women in France.", "journal": "J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod", "authors": ["Kayem, Gilles", "Alessandrini, Vivien", "Azria, Elie", "Blanc, Julie", "Bohec, Caroline", "Bornes, Marie", "Bretelle, Florence", "Ceccaldi, Pierre-Francois", "Chalet, Yasmine", "Chauleur, Celine", "Cordier, Anne-Gael", "Deruelle, Philippe", "Desbriere, Raoul", "Doret, Muriel", "Dreyfus, Michel", "Driessen, Marine", "Fermaut, Marion", "Gallot, Denis", "Garabedian, Charles", "Huissoud, Cyril", "Lecarpentier, Edouard", "Luton, Dominique", "Morel, Olivier", "Perrotin, Franck", "Picone, Olivier", "Rozenberg, Patrick", "Schmitz, Thomas", "Sentilhes, Loic", "Sroussi, Jeremy", "Vayssiere, Christophe", "Verspyck, Eric", "Vivanti, Alexandre J", "Winer, Norbert"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505805", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the course over time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in French women from the beginning of the pandemic until mid-April, the risk profile of women with respiratory complications, and short-term pregnancy outcomes. We collected a case series of pregnant women with COVID-19 in a research network of 33 French maternity units between March 1 and April 14, 2020. All cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by a positive result on real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests of a nasal sample and/or diagnosed by a computed tomography chest scan were included and analyzed. The primary outcome measures were COVID-19 requiring oxygen (oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation) and critical COVID-19 (requiring invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECMO). Demographic data, baseline comorbidities, and pregnancy outcomes were also collected. Active cases of COVID-19 increased exponentially during March 1-31, 2020; the numbers fell during April 1-14, after lockdown was imposed on March 17. The shape of the curve of active critical COVID-19 mirrored that of all active cases. By April 14, among the 617 pregnant women with COVID-19, 93 women (15.1%; 95%CI 12.3-18.1) had required oxygen therapy and 35 others (5.7%; 95%CI 4.0-7.8) had had a critical form of COVID-19. The severity of the disease was associated with age older than 35 years and obesity, as well as preexisting diabetes, previous preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. One woman with critical COVID-19 died (0.2%; 95%CI 0-0.9). Among the women who gave birth, rates of preterm birth in women with non-severe, oxygen-requiring, and critical COVID-19 were 13/123 (10.6%), 14/29 (48.3%), and 23/29 (79.3%) before 37 weeks and 3/123 (2.4%), 4/29 (13.8%), and 14/29 (48.3%) before 32 weeks, respectively. One neonate in the critical group died from prematurity. COVID-19 can be responsible for significant rates of severe acute, potentially deadly, respiratory distress syndromes. The most vulnerable pregnant women, those with comorbidities, may benefit particularly from prevention measures such as a lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32251789, "pmcid": "PMC7194591", "title": "Spatial epidemic dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kang, Dayun", "Choi, Hyunho", "Kim, Jong-Hun", "Choi, Jungsoon"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251789", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019 an outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, was reported. The outbreak spread rapidly to other Chinese cities and multiple countries. This study described the spatio-temporal pattern and measured the spatial association of the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in mainland China from 16 January-06 February 2020. This study explored the spatial epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 in mainland China. Moran's I spatial statistic with various definitions of neighbours was used to conduct a test to determine whether a spatial association of the COVID-19 infections existed. The spatial spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in China was observed. The results showed that most of the models, except medical-care-based connection models, indicated a significant spatial association of COVID-19 infections from around 22 January 2020. Spatial analysis is of great help in understanding the spread of infectious diseases, and spatial association was the key to the spatial spread during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China."}, {"pmid": 32317113, "pmcid": "PMC7271263", "title": "COVID-19 therapeutic options for patients with kidney disease.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Izzedine, Hassan", "Jhaveri, Kenar D", "Perazella, Mark A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317113", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461490, "title": "Sustaining academics during COVID-19 pandemic: The role of online teaching-learning.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Kaup, Soujanya", "Jain, Rashmi", "Shivalli, Siddharudha", "Pandey, Suresh", "Kaup, Soumya"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430140, "pmcid": "PMC7211572", "title": "[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical activity within academic urological departments in Paris].", "journal": "Prog Urol", "authors": ["Pinar, U", "Anract, J", "Duquesne, I", "Dariane, C", "Chartier-Kastler, E", "Cussenot, O", "Desgrandchamps, F", "Hermieu, J-F", "Irani, J", "de La Taille, A", "Mejean, A", "Mongiat-Artus, P", "Peyromaure, M", "Barrou, B", "Zerbib, M", "Roupret, M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430140", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in France, all non-emergency surgical activity has been cancelled since March 12, 2020. In order to anticipate the reinstatement of delayed interventions, surgical activity reduction analysis is essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reduction of urological surgery in adult during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to 2019. The data regarding urological procedures realized in the 8 academic urological departments of Parisians centres (AP-HP) were compared over two similar periods (14-29 March 2019 and 12-27 March 2020) using the centralized surgical planning software shared by these centres. Procedure title, type of surgery and outpatient ratio were collected. The interventions were sorted into 16 major families of urological interventions. Overall, a 55% decrease was observed concerning urological procedures over the same period between 2019 and 2020 (995 and 444 procedures respectively). Oncology activity and emergencies decreased by 31% and 44%. The number of kidney transplantations decreased from 39 to 3 (-92%). Functional, andrological and genital surgical procedures were the most impacted among the non-oncological procedures (-85%, -81% and -71%, respectively). Approximatively, 1033 hours of surgery have been delayed during this 16-day period. Lockdown and postponement of non-urgent scheduled urological procedures decisions has led to a drastic decrease in surgical activity in AP-HP. Isolated kidney transplantation has been stopped (national statement). Urologists must anticipate for lockdown exit in order to catch-up delayed surgeries. 3."}, {"pmid": 32459793, "title": "Just-in-Time Simulation to Guide Workflow Design for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Difficult Airway Management.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Daly Guris, Rodrigo J", "Doshi, Anushree", "Boyer, Donald L", "Good, Grace", "Gurnaney, Harshad G", "Rosenblatt, Samuel", "McGowan, Nancy", "Widmeier, Keith", "Kishida, Mizue", "Nadkarni, Vinay", "Nishisaki, Akira", "Wolfe, Heather A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459793", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has required that hospitals rapidly adapt workflows and processes to limit disease spread and optimize the care of critically ill children. As part of our institution's coronavirus disease 2019 critical care workflow design process, we developed and conducted a number of simulation exercises, increasing in complexity, progressing to intubation wearing personal protective equipment, and culminating in activation of our difficult airway team for an airway emergency. In situ simulations were used to identify and rework potential failure points to generate guidance for optimal airway management in coronavirus disease 2019 suspected or positive children. Subsequent to this high-realism difficult airway simulation was a real-life difficult airway event in a patient suspected of coronavirus disease 2019 less than 12 hours later, validating potential failure points and effectiveness of rapidly generated guidance. A number of potential workflow challenges were identified during tabletop and physical in situ manikin-based simulations. Experienced clinicians served as participants, debriefed, and provided feedback that was incorporated into local site clinical pathways, job aids, and suggested practices. Clinical management of an actual suspected coronavirus disease 2019 patient with difficult airway demonstrated very similar success and anticipated failure points. Following debriefing and assembly of a success/failure grid, a coronavirus disease 2019 airway bundle template was created using these simulations and clinical experiences for others to adapt to their sites. Integration of tabletop planning, in situ simulations, and debriefing of real coronavirus disease 2019 cases can enhance planning, training, job aids, and feasible policies/procedures that address human factors, team communication, equipment choice, and patient/provider safety in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic era."}, {"pmid": 32386712, "pmcid": "PMC7198986", "title": "Surgeons, plague, and leadership: A historical mantle to carry forward.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Barr, Justin", "Hwang, E Shelley", "Shortell, Cynthia K"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386712", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has sickened millions, killed hundreds of thousands, and disrupted daily life for citizens around the world. Utterly devastating, COVID-19 is but the most recent pandemic to sweep the globe. Throughout history, surgeons like Guy de Chauliac, James Lind, John Hunter, John Snow, and Walter Reed have led scientific campaigns to understand, prevent, and treat epidemics like the bubonic plague, scurvy, syphilis, cholera, and yellow fever. We as a surgical community should herald their examples and re-focus our efforts to pioneer investigations into the coronavirus, helping elucidate the biology, understand its social effects, and provide effective treatment regimens for the disease."}, {"pmid": 32356871, "title": "Contact Tracing, Testing, and Control of COVID-19-Learning From Taiwan.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Steinbrook, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356871", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394672, "title": "The Italian dermatologic community facing COVID-19 pandemic: recommendation from the Italian society of dermatology and venereology.", "journal": "G Ital Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Micali, Giuseppe", "Musumeci, Maria L", "Peris, Ketty"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394672", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505911, "title": "Antibiotic consumption may be linked to exaggeration of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Asaduzzaman, Muhammad", "Zaman, Farzana", "Rousham, Emily"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505911", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387151, "pmcid": "PMC7196418", "title": "2020 - The Year that needed the nurse: Considerations for critical care nursing research and practice emerging in the midst of COVID-19.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Hetland, Breanna", "Lindroth, Heidi", "Guttormson, Jill", "Chlan, Linda L"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387151", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32149484, "title": "[Epidemiological investigation of a family clustering of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Guan, Q", "Liu, M", "Zhuang, Y J", "Yuan, Y", "Wang, S S", "Li, J", "Chen, Z", "Yang, X L", "Tang, Z R", "Jia, H J", "Ma, J Y", "Wang, X X", "Tai, P G", "Li, J", "He, Y"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149484", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of a family clustering of COVID-19. Methods: Field epidemiological survey was conducted. Results: Case 1 of the long-term residents from Hubei province was the source of infection of this family clustering. There were 6 cases (from case 2 to case 7) infected in the whole incubation period. The incubation period was more than 14 days for 3 of the second-generation cases. Routes of transmission included respiratory droplets (from case 1 transmitted to case 6, from case 1 to her family members) and close contact (from case 1 to other cases in her family). All the age groups were generally susceptible, while elderly were easier to progress to critically ill. Besides respiratory symptoms, there were also gastrointestinal symptoms, of which diarrhea was the most common one. Conclusions: Family clustering had been an important part for COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32210130, "pmcid": "PMC7157669", "title": "Evolutionary Trajectory for the Emergence of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Rehman, Saif Ur", "Shafique, Laiba", "Ihsan, Awais", "Liu, Qingyou"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210130", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over the last two decades, the world experienced three outbreaks of coronaviruses with elevated morbidity rates. Currently, the global community is facing emerging virus SARS-CoV-2 belonging to Betacoronavirus, which appears to be more transmissible but less deadly than SARS-CoV. The current study aimed to track the evolutionary ancestors and different evolutionary strategies that were genetically adapted by SARS-CoV-2. Our whole-genome analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 was the descendant of Bat SARS/SARS-like CoVs and bats served as a natural reservoir. SARS-CoV-2 used mutations and recombination as crucial strategies in different genomic regions including the envelop, membrane, nucleocapsid, and spike glycoproteins to become a novel infectious agent. We confirmed that mutations in different genomic regions of SARS-CoV-2 have specific influence on virus reproductive adaptability, allowing for genotype adjustment and adaptations in rapidly changing environments. Moreover, for the first time we identified nine putative recombination patterns in SARS-CoV-2, which encompass spike glycoprotein, RdRp, helicase and ORF3a. Six recombination regions were spotted in the S gene and are undoubtedly important for evolutionary survival, meanwhile this permitted the virus to modify superficial antigenicity to find a way from immune reconnaissance in animals and adapt to a human host. With these combined natural selected strategies, SARS-CoV-2 emerged as a novel virus in human society."}, {"pmid": 32412064, "pmcid": "PMC7239151", "title": "Geographic access to United States SARS-CoV-2 testing sites highlights healthcare disparities and may bias transmission estimates.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Rader, Benjamin", "Astley, Christina M", "Sy, Karla Therese L", "Sewalk, Kara", "Hswen, Yulin", "Brownstein, John S", "Kraemer, Moritz U G"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412064", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We paired high-resolution travel-time metrics with a SARS-CoV-2 testing location database in the United States. Median travel time to testing sites is longer in counties with lower population density, and a higher percent of minority and uninsured individuals. Differential geographic accessibility to testing can recapitulate healthcare disparities and bias transmission estimates."}, {"pmid": 32374013, "title": "Faced with 2019-nCoV outbreak, we have learned our lessons from SARS of 2003.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Feng, Z-H", "Zhou, M-Y", "Ji, G-H", "Ye, L", "Cheng, Y-R", "Wang, M-W", "Chen, J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374013", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271745, "pmcid": "PMC7256907", "title": "Surgical management of head and neck tumours during the SARS-CoV (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital", "authors": ["Ansarin, Mohssen"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271745", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404307, "title": "The Era of COVID-19 and the Rise of Science Collectivism in Cancer Research.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "authors": ["Janowitz, Tobias", "Tuveson, David A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404307", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has created a global pandemic that has killed more than a quarter million people since December 2019, halted commerce, and disrupted our ability to research cancer in the laboratory and clinic and care for our patients. A return to a functioning society can be facilitated by the active participation of cancer researchers to diagnose and treat SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, and the direct and indirect benefits of our involvement cannot be overstated."}, {"pmid": 32268635, "title": "[Health protection guideline of conference designated hotel during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268635", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This guideline stipulates the management requirements, personal protection and comprehensive security of conference designated hotels. It is applicable to the unified standard prevention and control of conference designated hotels during COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32283159, "pmcid": "PMC7151318", "title": "Lymphocyte subset (CD4+, CD8+) counts reflect the severity of infection and predict the clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Zeming", "Long, Wei", "Tu, Mengqi", "Chen, Sichao", "Huang, Yihui", "Wang, Shipei", "Zhou, Wei", "Chen, Danyang", "Zhou, Ling", "Wang, Min", "Wu, Meng", "Huang, Qi", "Xu, Haibo", "Zeng, Wen", "Guo, Liang"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283159", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427902, "title": "Animal source of the coronavirus continues to elude scientists.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427902", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265517, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 detection in patients with influenza-like illness.", "journal": "Nat Microbiol", "authors": ["Kong, Wen-Hua", "Li, Yao", "Peng, Ming-Wei", "Kong, De-Guang", "Yang, Xiao-Bing", "Wang, Leyi", "Liu, Man-Qing"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265517", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in late December 2019. We re-analysed 640 throat swabs collected from patients in Wuhan with influenza-like-illness from 6 October 2019 to 21 January 2020 and found that 9 of the 640 throat swabs were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by quantitative PCR, suggesting community transmission of SARS-CoV2 in Wuhan in early January 2020."}, {"pmid": 32302370, "pmcid": "PMC7164638", "title": "Perceptions of the adult US population regarding the novel coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["McFadden, SarahAnn M", "Malik, Amyn A", "Aguolu, Obianuju G", "Willebrand, Kathryn S", "Omer, Saad B"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302370", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is spreading globally. Although COVID-19 has now been declared a pandemic and risk for infection in the United States (US) is currently high, at the time of survey administration the risk of infection in the US was low. It is important to understand the public perception of risk and trust in sources of information to better inform public health messaging. In this study, we surveyed the adult US population to understand their risk perceptions about the COVID-19 outbreak. We used an online platform to survey 718 adults in the US in early February 2020 using a questionnaire that we developed. Our sample was fairly similar to the general adult US population in terms of age, gender, race, ethnicity and education. We found that 69% of the respondents wanted the scientific/public health leadership (either the CDC Director or NIH Director) to lead the US response to COVID-19 outbreak as compared to 14% who wanted the political leadership (either the president or Congress) to lead the response. Risk perception was low (median score of 5 out of 10) with the respondents trusting health professionals and health officials for information on COVID-19. The majority of respondents were in favor of strict infection prevention policies to control the outbreak. Given our results, the public health/scientific leadership should be at the forefront of the COVID-19 response to promote trust."}, {"pmid": 32406928, "pmcid": "PMC7273018", "title": "Elective surgeries during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Lee, J", "Choi, J Y", "Kim, M S"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406928", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202401, "title": "Urology practice during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Minerva Urol Nefrol", "authors": ["Ficarra, Vincenzo", "Novara, Giacomo", "Abrate, Alberto", "Bartoletti, Riccardo", "Crestani, Alessandro", "De Nunzio, Cosimo", "Giannarini, Gianluca", "Gregori, Andrea", "Liguori, Giovanni", "Mirone, Vincenzo", "Pavan, Nicola", "Scarpa, Roberto M", "Simonato, Alchiede", "Trombetta, Carlo", "Tubaro, Andrea", "Porpiglia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202401", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the disease it causes, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is generating a rapid and tragic health emergency in Italy due to the need to provide assistance to an overwhelming number of infected patients and, at the same time, treat all the non-deferrable oncological and benign conditions. A panel of Italian urologists has agreed on possible strategies for the reorganization of urological routine practice and on a set of recommendations that should facilitate the process of rescheduling both surgical and outpatient activities during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the subsequent phases. This document could be a valid tool to be used in routine clinical practice and, possibly, a cornerstone for further discussion on the topic also considering the further evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also may provide useful recommendations for national and international urological societies in a condition of emergency."}, {"pmid": 32454231, "pmcid": "PMC7245200", "title": "Proposed Resumption of Surgery Algorithm Following the Corona Virus SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Smeds, Matthew R", "Siddiqui, Sameer"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454231", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271369, "pmcid": "PMC7184473", "title": "Prediction for Progression Risk in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: the CALL Score.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ji, Dong", "Zhang, Dawei", "Xu, Jing", "Chen, Zhu", "Yang, Tieniu", "Zhao, Peng", "Chen, Guofeng", "Cheng, Gregory", "Wang, Yudong", "Bi, Jingfeng", "Tan, Lin", "Lau, George", "Qin, Enqiang"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271369", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to clarify the high-risk factors with multivariate analysis and establish a prediction of disease progression, so as to help clinicians to better choose therapeutic strategy. All the consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to Fuyang second people's hospital or the fifth medical center of Chinese PLA general hospital between January 20 and February 22, 2020, were enrolled and their clinical data were retrospectively collected. Multivariate COX regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with progression, and then were incorporated into the nomogram to establish a novel prediction scoring model. ROC was used to assess the performance of the novel model. Overall, 208 patients were divided into stable group (n=168, 80.8%) and progressive group (n=40,19.2%) based on whether their conditions worsened during the hospitalization Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that comorbidity, older age, lower lymphocyte and higher lactate dehydrogenase at presentation were independent high-risk factors for COVID-19 progression. Incorporating these 4 factors, the nomogram achieved good concordance indexes of 0.86 (95%CI 0.81 - 0.91), and had well-fitted calibration curves. A novel scoring model, named as CALL, was established, and its area under ROC was 0.91 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.94). Using a cutoff value of 6 points, the positive and negative predictive values were 50.7% (38.9% - 62.4%) and 98.5% (94.7% - 99.8%), respectively. Using the CALL score model, clinicians can improve the therapeutic effect and reduce the mortality of COVID-19 with more accurate and reasonable resolutions on medical resources."}, {"pmid": 32359201, "pmcid": "PMC7267459", "title": "The first, holistic immunological model of COVID-19: Implications for prevention, diagnosis, and public health measures.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Matricardi, Paolo Maria", "Dal Negro, Roberto Walter", "Nisini, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359201", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The natural history of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is extremely variable, ranging from asymptomatic or mild infection, mainly in children, to multi-organ failure, eventually fatal, mainly in the eldest. We propose here the first model explaining how the outcome of first, crucial 10-15\u00a0days after infection, depends on the balance between the cumulative dose of viral exposure and the efficacy of the local innate immune response (natural IgA and IgM antibodies, mannose-binding lectin). If SARS-CoV-2 runs the blockade of this innate immunity and spreads from the upper airways to the alveoli in the early phases of the infections, it can replicate with no local resistance, causing pneumonia and releasing high amounts of antigens. The delayed and strong adaptive immune response (high-affinity IgM and IgG antibodies) that follows, causes severe inflammation and triggers mediator cascades (complement, coagulation, and cytokine storm), leading to complications often requiring intensive therapy and being, in some patients, fatal. Low-moderate physical activity can still be recommended. However, extreme physical activity and oral breathing with hyperventilation during the incubation days and early stages of COVID-19 facilitates re-inhalation and early direct penetration of high numbers of own virus particles in the lower airways and the alveoli, without impacting on the airway's mucosae covered by neutralizing antibodies (\"viral auto-inhalation\" phenomenon). This allows the virus to bypass the efficient immune barrier of the upper airway mucosa in already infected, young, and otherwise healthy athletes. In conclusion, whether the virus or the adaptive immune response reaches the lungs first is a crucial factor deciding the fate of the patient. This \"quantitative and time-/sequence-dependent\" model has several implications for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of COVID-19 at all ages."}, {"pmid": 32411337, "pmcid": "PMC7221389", "title": "Transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Dent Sci", "authors": ["Patel, Jay"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411337", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495979, "title": "Emergence of novel coronavirus and progress toward treatment and vaccine.", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Khan, Muhammad Muzamil", "Noor, Amna", "Madni, Asadullah", "Shafiq, Mudassir"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495979", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, a group of patients was observed with pneumonia-like symptoms that were linked with a wet market in Wuhan, China. The patients were found to have a novel coronavirus genetically related to a bat coronavirus that was termed SARS-CoV-2. The virus gradually spread worldwide and was declared a pandemic by WHO. Scientists have started trials on potential preventive and treatment options. Currently, there is no specific approved treatment for SARS-CoV-2, and various clinical trials are underway to explore better treatments. Some previously approved antiviral and other drugs have shown some in vitro activity. Here we summarize the fight against this novel coronavirus with particular focus on the different treatment options and clinical trials exploring treatment as well as work done toward development of vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32471558, "pmcid": "PMC7234953", "title": "Restructuring burns management during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Malaysian experience.", "journal": "Burns", "authors": ["Ilenghoven, Devananthan", "Hisham, Akmal", "Ibrahim, Salina", "Mohd Yussof, Shah Jumaat"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471558", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304387, "pmcid": "PMC7188065", "title": "Pandemics and Their Impact on Medical Training: Lessons From Singapore.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Liang, Zhen Chang", "Ooi, Shirley Beng Suat", "Wang, Wilson"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304387", "countries": ["Italy", "Singapore", "Korea, Republic of", "Japan", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 crisis has hit Singapore hard. As of February 25, 2020, Singapore had the 4th highest number of confirmed COVID-19 infections outside of China, only trailing behind South Korea, Italy, and Japan. This has had reverberating effects on Singapore's health care system, and has, consequently, also affected medical education all the way from the undergraduate to the postgraduate level. While efforts are underway to contain disease spread and transmission, the authors believe that this is an opportune time to examine and reflect on the impact that medical crises like COVID-19 can have on medical training and education and to evaluate \"business continuity plans\" to ensure quality medical education even in the face of constant disruptions from pandemic outbreaks. Medical training is as important a mandate as patient care and service. The authors believe that even in trying times like this, rich and precious lessons can be sought and taught, which will immensely benefit medical students and residents-the health care leaders of tomorrow. In this Perspective, the authors discuss the various ways in which the COVID-19 crisis has affected medical instruction in Singapore and explore pertinent practical and creative solutions for the continuity of medical training in these trying times, drawing on their previous experience with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 as well as the current ongoing COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32325425, "pmcid": "PMC7193986", "title": "A Guide to Chatbots for COVID-19 Screening at Pediatric Health Care Facilities.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Espinoza, Juan", "Crown, Kelly", "Kulkarni, Omkar"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325425", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has required institutions to rapidly adapt to changing public health circumstances. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has encouraged health care facilities to explore novel health care delivery modes. However, many institutions may not be prepared to begin offering digital health and telehealth services. Chatbots are one digital health tool that can help evolve triage and screening processes in a scalable manner. Here, we present a decision-making and implementation framework for deploying COVID-19 screening chatbots at pediatric health care facilities."}, {"pmid": 32486856, "title": "New Paradigms in Diabetes Management From the Epicenter.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Levy, Carol J", "Levister, Camilla M", "Shah, Nirali A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486856", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505690, "title": "Remote Assessment of Clinical Skills during COVID-19: A Virtual, High-Stakes, Summative Pediatric OSCE.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Lara, Sebastian", "Foster, Christopher W", "Hawks, Matthew", "Montgomery, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505690", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468083, "title": "Recognizing and supporting morally injured ICU professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Kok, Niek", "Hoedemaekers, Astrid", "van der Hoeven, Hans", "Zegers, Marieke", "van Gurp, Jelle"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468083", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500556, "title": "Doubtful precipitation of hemolysis by hydroxychloroquine in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient patient with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Eur J Haematol", "authors": ["Afra, T P", "Nampoothiri, Ram Vasudevan", "Razmi T, Muhammed"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500556", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with great interest the recent article by Beauverd et al.1 on an interesting case of severe hemolysis in a patient with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine. The authors concluded that COVID-19 infection was possibly the initial trigger for hemolysis. However, the article also suggested that hydroxychloroquine possibly worsened the hemolysis, and further cautioned the use of hydroxychloroquine in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient patients. We would like to comment on the authors' attribution of accentuated hemolysis to the use of hydroxychloroquine."}, {"pmid": 32293715, "pmcid": "PMC7262310", "title": "Global guidance for surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293715", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Surgeons urgently need guidance on how to deliver surgical services safely and effectively during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim was to identify the key domains that should be considered when developing pandemic preparedness plans for surgical services. A scoping search was conducted to identify published articles relating to management of surgical patients during pandemics. Key informant interviews were conducted with surgeons and anaesthetists with direct experience of working during infectious disease outbreaks, in order to identify key challenges and solutions to delivering effective surgical services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thirteen articles were identified from the scoping search, and surgeons and anaesthetists representing 11 territories were interviewed. To mount an effective response to COVID-19, a pandemic response plan for surgical services should be developed in advance. Key domains that should be included are: provision of staff training (such as patient transfers, donning and doffing personal protection equipment, recognizing and managing COVID-19 infection); support for the overall hospital response to COVID-19 (reduction in non-urgent activities such as clinics, endoscopy, non-urgent elective surgery); establishment of a team-based approach for running emergency services; and recognition and management of COVID-19 infection in patients treated as an emergency and those who have had surgery. A backlog of procedures after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic is inevitable, and hospitals should plan how to address this effectively to ensure that patients having elective treatment have the best possible outcomes. Hospitals should prepare detailed context-specific pandemic preparedness plans addressing the identified domains. Specific guidance should be updated continuously to reflect emerging evidence during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32424786, "pmcid": "PMC7234441", "title": "Trends in Ambulatory Electronic Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Phadke, Neelam A", "Del Carmen, Marcela G", "Goldstein, Susan A", "Vagle, Jacqueline", "Hidrue, Michael K", "Botti, Eirian Siegal", "Wasfy, Jason H"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424786", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32054740, "title": "Labs scramble to produce new coronavirus diagnostics.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon", "Kupferschmidt, Kai"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32054740", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438213, "pmcid": "PMC7218356", "title": "Forgotten key players in public health: news media as agents of information and persuasion during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["De Coninck, D", "d'Haenens, L", "Matthijs, K"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438213", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423287, "pmcid": "PMC7240315", "title": "Cadaveric Simulation of Otologic Procedures: An Analysis of Droplet Splatter Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Sharma, Dhruv", "Rubel, Kolin E", "Ye, Michael J", "Campiti, Vincent J", "Carroll, Aaron E", "Ting, Jonathan Y", "Illing, Elisa A", "Burgin, Sarah J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423287", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The otolaryngology community has significant concerns regarding the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through droplet contamination and viral aerosolization during head and neck examinations and procedures. The objective of this study was to investigate the droplet and splatter contamination from common otologic procedures. Cadaver simulation series. Dedicated surgical laboratory. Two cadaver heads were prepped via bilateral middle cranial fossa approaches to the tegmen (n = 4). Fluorescein was instilled through a 4-mm burr hole drilled into the middle cranial fossa floor, and presence in the middle ear was confirmed via microscopic ear examination. Myringotomy with ventilation tube placement and mastoidectomy were performed, and the distribution and distance of resulting droplet splatter patterns were systematically evaluated. There were no fluorescein droplets or splatter contamination observed in the measured surgical field in any direction after myringotomy and insertion of ventilation tube. Gross contamination from the surgical site to 6 ft was noted after complete mastoidectomy, though, when performed in standard fashion. Our results show that there is no droplet generation during myringotomy with ventilation tube placement in an operating room setting. Mastoidectomy, however, showed gross contamination 3 to 6 ft away in all directions measured. Additionally, there was significantly more droplet and splatter generation to the left of the surgeon when measured at 1 and 3 ft as compared with all other measured directions."}, {"pmid": 32259028, "pmcid": "PMC7117643", "title": "New threat: 2019 novel Coronavirus infection and infection control perspective in Turkey.", "journal": "North Clin Istanb", "authors": ["Kilic, Aysegul Ulu", "Kara, Fatih", "Alp, Emine", "Doganay, Mehmet"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259028", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436571, "title": "Associations of Early COVID-19 Cases in San Francisco with Domestic and International Travel.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gu, Wei", "Deng, Xianding", "Reyes, Kevin", "Hsu, Elaine", "Wang, Candace", "Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Alicia", "Federman, Scot", "Bushnell, Brian", "Miller, Steve", "Chiu, Charles"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436571", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early-to-mid March 2020, 20 of 46 (43%) COVID-19 cases at a tertiary care hospital in San Francisco, California were travel-related. Cases were significantly associated with travel to Europe or New York (odds ratio 32.9). Viral genomes recovered from 9 of 12 (75%) cases co-clustered with lineages circulating in Europe."}, {"pmid": 32495578, "title": "[TCMATCOV--a bioinformatics platform to predict efficacy of TCM against COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Guo, Fei-Fei", "Zhang, Yu-Qi", "Tang, Shi-Huan", "Tang, Xuan", "Xu, He", "Liu, Zhong-Yang", "Huo, Rui-Li", "Li, Dong", "Yang, Hong-Jun"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495578", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is urgent need to discover effective traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for treating coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). The development of a bioinformatic tool is beneficial to predict the efficacy of TCM against COVID-19. Here we deve-loped a prediction platform TCMATCOV to predict the efficacy of the anti-coronavirus pneumonia effect of TCM, based on the interaction network imitating the disease network of COVID-19. This COVID-19 network model was constructed by protein-protein interactions of differentially expressed genes in mouse pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV and cytokines specifically up-regulated by COVID-19. TCMATCOV adopted quantitative evaluation algorithm of disease network disturbance after multi-target drug attack to predict potential drug effects. Based on the TCMATCOV platform, 106 TCM were calculated and predicted. Among them, the TCM with a high disturbance score account for a high proportion of the classic anti-COVID-19 prescriptions used by clinicians, suggesting that TCMATCOV has a good prediction ability to discover the effective TCM. The five flavors of Chinese medicine with a disturbance score greater than 1 are mainly spicy and bitter. The main meridian of these TCM is lung, heart, spleen, liver, and stomach meridian. The TCM related with QI and warm TCM have higher disturbance score. As a prediction tool for anti-COVID-19 TCM prescription, TCMATCOV platform possesses the potential to discovery possible effective TCM against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32398286, "title": "Covid-19: Government must change course or risk further wave of infections, scientists warn.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398286", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382418, "pmcid": "PMC7202656", "title": "Detection of IgM and IgG antibodies in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Transl Immunology", "authors": ["Hou, Hongyan", "Wang, Ting", "Zhang, Bo", "Luo, Ying", "Mao, Lie", "Wang, Feng", "Wu, Shiji", "Sun, Ziyong"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382418", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to determine the IgM and IgG responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with varying illness severities. IgM and IgG antibody levels were assessed via chemiluminescence immunoassay in 338 COVID-19 patients. IgM levels increased during the first week after SARS-CoV-2 infection, peaked 2\u00a0weeks and then reduced to near-background levels in most patients. IgG was detectable after 1\u00a0week and was maintained at a high level for a long period. The positive rates of IgM and/or IgG antibody detections were not significantly different among the mild, severe and critical disease groups. Severe and critical cases had higher IgM levels than mild cases, whereas the IgG level in critical cases was lower than those in both mild and severe cases. This might be because of the high disease activity and/or a compromised immune response in critical cases. The IgM antibody levels were slightly higher in deceased patients than recovered patients, but IgG levels in these groups did not significantly differ. A longitudinal detection of antibodies revealed that IgM levels decreased rapidly in recovered patients, whereas in deceased cases, either IgM levels remained high or both IgM and IgG were undetectable during the disease course. Quantitative detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 quantitatively has potential significance for evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32342184, "pmcid": "PMC7184809", "title": "[Current guidance of the German Society of Rheumatology for the care of patients with rheumatic diseases during the SARS-CoV-2/Covid 19 pandemic].", "journal": "Z Rheumatol", "authors": ["Schulze-Koops, H", "Holle, J", "Moosig, F", "Specker, C", "Aries, P", "Burmester, G", "Fiehn, C", "Hoyer, B", "Krause, A", "Leipe, J", "Lorenz, H-M", "Schneider, M", "Sewerin, P", "Voormann, A", "Wager, U", "Kruger, K", "Iking-Konert, C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342184", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic there are many questions regarding the safe treatment of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Many of these questions cannot yet be answered on an evidence-based basis and this does not make patient care easy. The German Society for Rheumatology (DGRh) hopes that these initial recommendations will provide support for specific issues in the care of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases in view of the current threat posed by SARS-CoV-2. In order to take advantage of the dynamic worldwide gain in knowledge for our patients, the recommendations will be updated regularly. The updated versions of the recommendations are deposited on the homepage of the DGRh."}, {"pmid": 32306836, "pmcid": "PMC7196923", "title": "Novel 2019 coronavirus structure, mechanism of action, antiviral drug promises and rule out against its treatment.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Boopathi, Subramanian", "Poma, Adolfo B", "Kolandaivel, Ponmalai"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306836", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the past two decades, the world has faced several infectious disease outbreaks. Ebola, Influenza A (H1N1), SARS, MERS, and Zika virus have had a massive global impact in terms of economic disruption, the strain on local and global public health. Most recently, the global outbreak of novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 is a newly discovered virus from the coronavirus family in Wuhan city, China, known to be a great threat to the public health systems. As of 15 April 2020, The Johns Hopkins University estimated that the COVID-19 affected more than two million people, resulting in a death toll above 130,000 around the world. Infected people in Europe and America correspond about 40% and 30% of the total reported cases respectively. At this moment only few Asian countries have controlled the disease, but a second wave of new infections is expected. Predicting inhibitor and target to the COVID-19 is an urgent need to protect human from the disease. Therefore, a protocol to identify anti-COVID-19 candidate based on computer-aided drug design is urgently needed. Thousands of compounds including approved drugs and drugs in the clinical trial are available in the literature. In practice, experimental techniques can measure the time and space average properties but they cannot be captured the structural variation of the COVID-19 during the interaction of inhibitor. Computer simulation is particularly suitable to complement experiments to elucidate conformational changes at the molecular level which are related to inhibition process of the COVID-19. Therefore, computational simulation is essential tool to elucidate the phenomenon. The structure-based virtual screening computational approach will be used to filter the best drugs from the literature, the investigate the structural variation of COVID-19 with the interaction of the best inhibitor is a fundamental step to design new drugs and vaccines which can combat the coronavirus. This mini-review will address novel coronavirus structure, mechanism of action, and trial test of antiviral drugs in the lab and patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32283142, "pmcid": "PMC7194510", "title": "Social media WeChat infers the development trend of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Lu, Yue", "Zhang, Leiliang"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283142", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403242, "title": "Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Review.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Aboughdir, Maryam", "Kirwin, Thomas", "Abdul Khader, Ashiq", "Wang, Brian"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403242", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early December 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged in Wuhan, China. As of May 10th, 2020, a total of over 4 million COVID-19 cases and 280,000 deaths have been reported globally, reflecting the raised infectivity and severity of this virus. Amongst hospitalised COVID-19 patients, there is a high prevalence of established cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is evidence showing that COVID-19 may exacerbate cardiovascular risk factors and preexisting CVD or may lead to cardiovascular complications. With intensive care units operating at maximum capacity and such staggering mortality rates reported, it is imperative during this time-sensitive COVID-19 outbreak to identify patients with an increased risk of adverse outcomes and/or myocardial injury. Preliminary findings from COVID-19 studies have shown the association of biomarkers of acute cardiac injury and coagulation with worse prognosis. While these biomarkers are recognised for CVD, there is emerging prospect that they may aid prognosis in COVID-19, especially in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities or risk factors that predispose to worse outcomes. Consequently, the aim of this review is to identify cardiovascular prognostic factors associated with morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 and to highlight considerations for incorporating laboratory testing of biomarkers of cardiovascular performance in COVID-19 to optimise outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32490804, "title": "Choosing Wisely in the COVID-19 Era: Preventing Harm to Healthcare Workers.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Cho, Hyung J", "Feldman, Leonard S", "Keller, Sara", "Hoffman, Ari", "Pahwa, Amit K", "Krouss, Mona"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490804", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493030, "title": "Thoughts on the alveolar phase of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Mason, Robert J"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493030", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 can be divided into three clinical stages, and one can speculate that these stages correlate with where the infection resides. For the asymptomatic phase, the infection mostly resides in the nose where it elicits a minimal innate immune response. For the mildly symptomatic phase, the infection is mostly in the psuedostatified stratified epithelium of the larger airways and is accompanied by a more vigorous innate immune response. In the conducting airways, the epithelium can recover from the infection, because the keratin V basal cells are spared and they are the progenitor cells for the bronchial epithelium. There may be more severe disease in the respiratory bronchioles where the club cells are likely infected. The devastating third phase is in the gas exchange units of the lung, where ACE2 expressing alveolar type II cells and perhaps type I cells are infected. The loss of type II cells results in respiratory insufficiency due to the loss of pulmonary surfactant, alveolar flooding, and loss of normal repair, since type II cells are the progenitors of type I cells. The loss of type I and type II cells will also block normal active resorption of alveolar fluid. Subsequent endothelial damage leads to transudation of plasma proteins, formation of hyaline membranes, and an inflammatory exudate, characteristic of ARDS. Repair might be normal, but if the type II cells are severely damaged, alternative pathways for epithelial repair may be activated, which would result in some residual lung disease."}, {"pmid": 32272199, "pmcid": "PMC7136886", "title": "COVID-19 is not just a flu. Learn from Italy and act now.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["De Giorgio, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272199", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313188, "pmcid": "PMC7167535", "title": "Nutrition amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-level framework for action.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Naja, Farah", "Hamadeh, Rena"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313188", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196700, "pmcid": "PMC7228244", "title": "Will COVID-19 be a litmus test for post-Ebola sub-Saharan Africa?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Agyeman, Akosua A", "Laar, Amos", "Ofori-Asenso, Richard"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506621, "title": "Drugs being investigated for children with COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Deniz, Melis", "Tapisiz, Anil", "Tezer, Hasan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506621", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We were interested to read the review paper on COVID-19 by Ludvigsson in Acta Paediatrica (1). The author mentioned that COVID-19 appeared to be milder in children than in adults but said there was a knowledge gap about antiviral treatment in severely ill patients. We would like to provide some comments about the experimental drugs that are being considered to treat children with the disease."}, {"pmid": 32345702, "title": "Renal Involvement and Early Prognosis in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Pei, Guangchang", "Zhang, Zhiguo", "Peng, Jing", "Liu, Liu", "Zhang, Chunxiu", "Yu, Chong", "Ma, Zufu", "Huang, Yi", "Liu, Wei", "Yao, Ying", "Zeng, Rui", "Xu, Gang"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345702", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some patients with COVID-19 pneumonia also present with kidney injury, and autopsy findings of patients who died from the illness sometimes show renal damage. However, little is known about the clinical characteristics of kidney-related complications, including hematuria, proteinuria, and AKI. In this retrospective, single-center study in China, we analyzed data from electronic medical records of 333 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, including information about clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and other characteristics, as well as information about renal outcomes. We found that 251 of the 333 patients (75.4%) had abnormal urine dipstick tests or AKI. Of 198 patients with renal involvement for the median duration of 12 days, 118 (59.6%) experienced remission of pneumonia during this period, and 111 of 162 (68.5%) patients experienced remission of proteinuria. Among 35 patients who developed AKI (with AKI identified by criteria expanded somewhat beyond the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes definition), 16 (45.7%) experienced complete recovery of kidney function. We suspect that most AKI cases were intrinsic AKI. Patients with renal involvement had higher overall mortality compared with those without renal involvement (28 of 251 [11.2%] versus one of 82 [1.2%], respectively). Stepwise multivariate binary logistic regression analyses showed that severity of pneumonia was the risk factor most commonly associated with lower odds of proteinuric or hematuric remission and recovery from AKI. Renal abnormalities occurred in the majority of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Although proteinuria, hematuria, and AKI often resolved in such patients within 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms, renal complications in COVID-19 were associated with higher mortality."}, {"pmid": 32466577, "title": "Early Phylogenetic Diversification of SARS-CoV-2: Determination of Variants and the Effect on Epidemiology, Immunology, and Diagnostics.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Kaden, Rene"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466577", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The phylogenetic clustering of 95 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from the first 3 months of the pandemic reveals insights into the early evolution of the virus and gives first indications of how the variants are globally distributed. Variants might become a challenge in terms of diagnostics, immunology, and effectiveness of drugs. All available whole genome sequence data from the NCBI database (March 16, 2020) were phylogenetically analyzed, and gene prediction as well as analysis of selected variants were performed. Antigenic regions and the secondary protein structure were predicted for selected variants. While some clusters are presenting the same variant with 100% identical bases, other SARS-CoV-2 lineages show a beginning diversification and phylogenetic clustering due to base substitutions and deletions in the genomes. First molecular epidemiological investigations are possible with the results by adding metadata as travelling history to the presented data. The advantage of variants in source tracing can be a challenge in terms of virulence, immune response, and immunological memory. Variants of viruses often show differences in virulence or antigenicity. This must also be considered in decisions like herd immunity. Diagnostic methods might not work if the variations or deletions are in target regions for the detection of the pathogen. One base substitution was detected in a primer binding site."}, {"pmid": 32104911, "pmcid": "PMC7228310", "title": "Evolutionary history, potential intermediate animal host, and cross-species analyses of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Xingguang", "Zai, Junjie", "Zhao, Qiang", "Nie, Qing", "Li, Yi", "Foley, Brian T", "Chaillon, Antoine"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32104911", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the evolutionary history of the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China, a total of 70 genomes of virus strains from China and elsewhere with sampling dates between 24 December 2019 and 3 February 2020 were analyzed. To explore the potential intermediate animal host of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we reanalyzed virome data sets from pangolins and representative SARS-related coronaviruses isolates from bats, with particular attention paid to the spike glycoprotein gene. We performed phylogenetic, split network, transmission network, likelihood-mapping, and comparative analyses of the genomes. Based on Bayesian time-scaled phylogenetic analysis using the tip-dating method, we estimated the time to the most recent common ancestor and evolutionary rate of SARS-CoV-2, which ranged from 22 to 24 November 2019 and 1.19 to 1.31\u2009\u00d7\u200910-3 substitutions per site per year, respectively. Our results also revealed that the BetaCoV/bat/Yunnan/RaTG13/2013 virus was more similar to the SARS-CoV-2 virus than the coronavirus obtained from the two pangolin samples (SRR10168377 and SRR10168378). We also identified a unique peptide (PRRA) insertion in the human SARS-CoV-2 virus, which may be involved in the proteolytic cleavage of the spike protein by cellular proteases, and thus could impact host range and transmissibility. Interestingly, the coronavirus carried by pangolins did not have the RRAR motif. Therefore, we concluded that the human SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is responsible for the recent outbreak of COVID-19, did not come directly from pangolins."}, {"pmid": 32297330, "pmcid": "PMC7262365", "title": "Reactive lymphocytes in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Chong, Vanessa C L", "Lim, Kian Guan Eric", "Fan, Bingwen Eugene", "Chan, Stephrene S W", "Ong, Kiat H", "Kuperan, Ponnudurai"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297330", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376573, "pmcid": "PMC7167319", "title": "[Correlation between clinical classification of COVID-19 and imaging characteristics of MSCT volume scanning of the lungs].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Guo, Fei", "Zhu, Lin", "Xu, Hong", "Qin, Lei", "Liang, Xiaohan", "Deng, Xuefei"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376573", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the correlation between the clinical classification of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the imaging characteristics of multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) volume scanning of the lungs. The clinical data and thoracic MSCT volume scanning data were analyzed retrospectively for 102 patients with COVID-19 diagnosed and hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College between January 18 and February 26, 2020. According to the Fifth Edition of the Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines by the National Health Commission, the patients were divided into common type, severe type and critical type. The imaging characteristics including the lung sides of the lesions, lung segment involved, lesion distribution, and lesion number and density were compared among the patients with different clinical types of COVID-19. Seventy-seven of the patients had common type, 18 had severe type and 7 had critical type of COVID-19. The main clinical manifestations included fever, cough and fatigue. Severe and critical types were more frequently seen in elderly patients, who were more prone to show such symptoms as asthenia, breathing difficulty and dyspnea. Two patients presented with no obvious abnormality in the first CT examinations; in the remaining 100 patients, 89.0% had bilateral lung lesions, 16.0% had diffuse lesions, involving a mean of 6.56\u00b14.22 lung segments. Compared with the patients with the common type, the severe and critical patients had a significantly greater number of lung segments involved (P < 0.05), and were also more likely to show diffuse lesions (P < 0.05). The lesion side, lesion number or lesion density did not differ significantly among the patients with different clinical types of COVID-19 (P > 0.05). MSCT volume scanning not only allows early diagnosis of COVID-19 but also provides evidence for evaluating the severity of COVID-19 to assist in the clinical treatment of the patients."}, {"pmid": 32249924, "title": "COVID-19 in pregnancy with comorbidities: More liberal testing strategy is needed.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Gidlof, Sebastian", "Savchenko, Julia", "Brune, Thomas", "Josefsson, Hampus"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249924", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302817, "pmcid": "PMC7152886", "title": "When health professionals look death in the eye: the mental health of professionals who deal daily with the 2019 coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim", "Almeida, Hiure Gomes", "Esmeraldo, Joana D'arc", "Nobre, Camila Bezerra", "Pinheiro, Woneska Rodrigues", "de Oliveira, Cicera Rejane Tavares", "Sousa, Itamara da Costa", "Lima, Onelia Maria Moreira Leite", "Lima, Nadia Nara Rolim", "Moreira, Marcial Moreno", "Lima, Carlos Kennedy Tavares", "Junior, Jucier Goncalves", "da Silva, Claudio Gleideston Lima"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302817", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The fact that COVID-19 is transmissible from human to human and associated with high morbidity and potentially fatality can intensify the perception of personal danger. In addition, the foreseeable shortage of supplies and an increasing flow of suspected and real cases of COVID-19 contribute to the pressures and concerns of health professionals. The studies were identified in well-known international journals found in two electronic databases: Scopus and Embase. The data were cross-checked with information from the main international newspapers. Work-related stress is a potential cause of concern for health professionals. It has been associated with anxiety including multiple clinical activities, depression in the face of the coexistence of countless deaths, long work shifts with the most diverse unknowns and demands in the treatment with patients with COVID-19. Therefore, it is an important indicator of psychic exhaustion. As coronavirus cases increase and deaths surge in Italy, new figures show an \"enormous\" level of contagion among the country's medical personnel. At least 2,629 health workers have been infected with coronavirus since the outbreak onset in February, representing 8.3% of total cases. The percentage of infected health workers has almost doubled the number registered in China throughout the epidemic. Intensive care unit physicians are on their stress limit, especially when dealing with older patients and with death prospects. Doctors, not a relative, are inevitably the last people a dying COVID-19 patient will see."}, {"pmid": 32416232, "pmcid": "PMC7228698", "title": "A Virtual Children's Hospice in Response to COVID-19: The Scottish Experience.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Ellis, Kirsteen", "Lindley, Lisa C"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416232", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This case report describes a pediatric hospice provider in Scotland and their experience implementing a telehospice program in response to COVID-19. Children's Hospices Across Scotland (CHAS) is the only provider of pediatric hospice care in the entire of Scotland, and we describe their experience offering pediatric telehospice. CHAS had strategically planned to implement a telehospice program, but COVID-19 accelerated the process. The organization evaluated its pediatric clinical and wrap-around hospice services and rapidly migrated them to a virtual environment. They creatively added new services to meet the unique needs of the entire family, who were caring for a child at end of life during COVID-19. CHAS's experience highlights the planning and implementing processes of telehospice with key lessons learned, while acknowledging the challenges inherent in using technology to deliver hospice care."}, {"pmid": 32349183, "title": "American College of Rheumatology Guidance for the Management of Rheumatic Disease in Adult Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Version 1.", "journal": "Arthritis Rheumatol", "authors": ["Mikuls, Ted R", "Johnson, Sindhu R", "Fraenkel, Liana", "Arasaratnam, Reuben J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Bermas, Bonnie L", "Chatham, Winn", "Cohen, Stanley", "Costenbader, Karen", "Gravallese, Ellen M", "Kalil, Andre C", "Weinblatt, Michael E", "Winthrop, Kevin", "Mudano, Amy S", "Turner, Amy", "Saag, Kenneth G"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349183", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To provide guidance to rheumatology providers on the management of adult rheumatic disease in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A task force, including 10 rheumatologists and 4 infectious disease specialists from North America, was convened. Clinical questions were collated, and an evidence report was rapidly generated and disseminated. Questions and drafted statements were reviewed and assessed using a modified Delphi process. This included 2 rounds of asynchronous anonymous voting by e-mail and 3 webinars with the entire panel. Task force members voted on agreement with draft statements using a 1-9-point numerical scoring system, and consensus was determined to be low, moderate, or high based on the dispersion of votes. For approval, median votes were required to meet predefined levels of agreement (median values of 7-9, 4-6, and 1-3 defined as agreement, uncertainty, or disagreement, respectively) with either moderate or high levels of consensus. The task force approved 77 initial guidance statements: 36 with moderate and 41 with high consensus. These were combined, resulting in 25 final guidance statements. These guidance statements are provided to promote optimal care during the current pandemic. However, given the low level of available evidence and the rapidly evolving literature, this guidance is presented as a \"living document,\" and future updates are anticipated."}, {"pmid": 32418776, "pmcid": "PMC7196373", "title": "[After Covid-19: Towards a new dermatology?]", "journal": "Ann Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Petit, A", "Martin, L", "Penso-Assathiany, D", "Consoli, S", "Assouly, P", "Velter, C", "Hefez, L", "Debarre, J-M", "Haddad, L"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418776", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227250, "pmcid": "PMC7103891", "title": "ASPHER statement on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak emergency.", "journal": "Int J Public Health", "authors": ["Middleton, John", "Martin-Moreno, Jose M", "Barros, Henrique", "Chambaud, Laurent", "Signorelli, Carlo"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317129, "pmcid": "PMC7161478", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: Technology use to support the wellbeing of children.", "journal": "J Pediatr Nurs", "authors": ["Goldschmidt, Karen"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317129", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383835, "title": "Acute respiratory distress syndrome and steroids in the shadow of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Jaeschke, Roman"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383835", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278364, "pmcid": "PMC7158941", "title": "COVID-19 and risks to the supply and quality of tests, drugs, and vaccines.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Newton, Paul N", "Bond, Katherine C"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278364", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363760, "pmcid": "PMC7267148", "title": "Challenges for mental health services during the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak in Germany.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Thome, Johannes", "Coogan, Andrew N", "Fischer, Matthias", "Tucha, Oliver", "Faltraco, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363760", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401463, "title": "Favipiravir", "journal": "Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)", "date": "2020-05-14T11:01:00Z", "_id": "32401463", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32380152, "pmcid": "PMC7198414", "title": "Potential infectious risk from the pets carrying SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Haizhou", "Wang, Fan", "Wang, Hongling", "Zhao, Qiu"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380152", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32118394, "title": "[Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of lung cancer patients during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, L", "Xu, H Y", "Wang, Y"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118394", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the increasing number of cases and widening geographical spread, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been classified as one of the class B infectious diseases but prevented and controlled as class A infectious disease by the National Health Commission of China. The diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer patients have been challenged greatly because of extraordinary public health measures since the lung cancer patients are a high-risk population during the COVID-19 outbreak period. Strict protection for lung cancer patients is needed to avoid infection. Lung cancer patients are difficult to differentiate from patients with COVID-19 in terms of clinical symptoms, which will bring great trouble to the clinical work and physical and mental health of lung cancer patients. This review will demonstrate how to applicate appropriate and individual management for lung cancer patients to protect them from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32292691, "pmcid": "PMC7139267", "title": "Determining the spatial effects of COVID-19 using the spatial panel data model.", "journal": "Spat Stat", "authors": ["Guliyev, Hasraddin"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292691", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study investigates the propagation power and effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in light of published data. We examine the factors affecting COVID-19 together with the spatial effects, and use spatial panel data models to determine the relationship among the variables including their spatial effects. Using spatial panel models, we analyse the relationship between confirmed cases of COVID-19, deaths thereof, and recovered cases due to treatment. We accordingly determine and include the spatial effects in this examination after establishing the appropriate model for COVID-19. The most efficient and consistent model is interpreted with direct and indirect spatial effects."}, {"pmid": 32374029, "pmcid": "PMC7267572", "title": "Arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 in low-risk patients despite prophylaxis.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Griffin, Daniel O", "Jensen, Alexandra", "Khan, Mushmoom", "Chin, Jessica", "Chin, Kelly", "Parnell, Ryan", "Awwad, Christopher", "Patel, Darshan"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374029", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386442, "pmcid": "PMC7272981", "title": "Localized mid-face miliaria as a consequence of filtering face piece respirator use during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Campbell, V", "Middleton, D", "Donnelly, J", "Hunter, H"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363247, "pmcid": "PMC7195356", "title": "New policy and regulation for a Radiology-Oncology Center at the time of Covid-19 outbreak in Tehran-Iran.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Samiee, Sara", "Hadjilooei, Farimah", "Alamolhoda, Mahboobeh", "Akhlaghpoor, Shahram"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363247", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297723, "title": "COVID-2019: update on epidemiology, disease spread and management.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Mishra, Ajay Kumar", "Lal, Amos"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297723", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With each passing day, more cases of Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) are being detected and unfortunately the fear of novel corona virus 2019 (2019-nCoV) becoming a pandemic disease has come true. Constant efforts at individual, national, and international level are being made in order to understand the genomics, hosts, modes of transmission and epidemiological link of nCoV-2019. As of now, whole genome sequence of the newly discovered coronavirus has already been decoded. Genomic characterization nCoV-2019 have shown close homology with bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21. Structural analysis of the receptor binding site has confirmed that 2019-nCoV binds with the same ACE 2 receptor protein as human SARS virus. Compared to the previous coronavirus outbreaks, the overall mortality rate is relatively low for COVID-2019 (2-3%). Suspected cases must be quarantined till their test comes positive or they clear infection. At present, treatment of COVID-2019 is mostly based on the knowledge gained from the SARS and MERS outbreaks. Remdesivir, originally develop as a treatment for Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus infections, is being studied for it effectiveness against 2019-nCoV infection. Many other antiviral agents and vaccines are being tested but most of them are in phase I or II and hence unlikely to be of any benefit immediately with regards to current outbreak. Hence, the standard infection control techniques and preventive steps for healthy individuals and supportive care for the confirmed cases is the best available strategy to deal with current viral outbreak.\u2003."}, {"pmid": 32374033, "pmcid": "PMC7267284", "title": "Chilblain-like lesions in children following suspected COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Colonna, Cristiana", "Monzani, Nicola Adriano", "Rocchi, Alessia", "Gianotti, Raffaele", "Boggio, Francesca", "Gelmetti, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374033", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, chilblain-like lesions have been reported in mildly symptomatic children and adolescents. We present four children investigated for suspected COVID-19 infection who presented with acral skin findings and mild systemic symptoms. Histology from one case showed signs of vasculitis with evident fibrin thrombus."}, {"pmid": 32251543, "title": "The COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic: reflections on the roles of librarians and information professionals.", "journal": "Health Info Libr J", "authors": ["Ali, Muhammad Yousuf", "Gatiti, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251543", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This Regular Feature explores the role of health science librarians in the coronavirus pandemic. COVID-19 has spread rapidly all over the world. All major cities around the globe are in lockdown. In Pakistan, the first case was diagnosed on 26 February 2020, and currently, there are more than\u00a02039 diagnosed cases and\u00a026 deaths as on 31 March 2020. Across the country, there are further 12\u00a0000 suspected cases. This will undoubtedly increase if precautionary measures are not taken. Pakistani universities, colleges and schools were in lockdown. The role of university librarians in this emergency included raising awareness through public health education, providing support to medical staff, researchers and providing ongoing traditional services to regular library patrons in Pakistan. The Regular Feature also provides links to useful resources. JM."}, {"pmid": 32425302, "pmcid": "PMC7229918", "title": "Perioperative Outcomes of Urological Surgery in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["McDermott, Aoibhinn", "O'Kelly, John", "de Barra, Eoghan", "Fitzpatrick, Fidelma", "Little, Dilly M", "Davis, Niall F"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425302", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361283, "pmcid": "PMC7183944", "title": "Peripheral nerve blocks in a patient with suspected COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kilicaslan, Alper", "Kekec, Ahmet Fevzi", "Eren, Ayse Seda", "Uzun, Sema Tuncer"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361283", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450756, "title": "An Otolaryngologist Redeployed to a COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit: Lessons Learned.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Dhar, Shumon Ian"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450756", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a significant personnel burden on intensive care units across the globe. Physicians from various specialties, including otolaryngology, have heeded the call and been redeployed to provide support, serving in a capacity outside their usual scope of practice. The author shares personal experience from redeployment and provides a framework for otolaryngologists to maximize their impact while providing high-quality patient care and preserving their personal safety."}, {"pmid": 32525000, "title": "Aspartate aminotransferase: a prognostic marker rather than a specific liver injury marker in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Li, Gerui"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525000", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398329, "title": "An Approach to Consolidating Pediatric Hospital Beds During the COVID-19 Surge.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Franca, Urbano L", "McManus, Michael L"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362583, "pmcid": "PMC7194881", "title": "Emergency preparedness and response (EP&R) by pharmacy professionals in India: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and the way forward.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Meghana, Aruru", "Aparna, Yerramilli", "Chandra, Sekar M", "Sanjeev, Sharma"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362583", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of Emergency Preparedness & Response (EP&R) education, training, capacity building and infrastructure development in India. During the pandemic, pharmacy professionals (PPs) in India have continued to provide medications, supplies and services. India's public-private healthcare system is complex and of variable quality. Lacunae in pharmacy education, training, and lack of resolution around pharmacist roles present challenges in providing health services to patients. Such lack of differentiation creates challenges around role specifications and appropriate placement of PPs in patient care and on EP&R task forces or representation at the policy level. This study aimed to gain rapid insights from PPs in India regarding their roles and preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey comprising 20 questions regarding EP&R and Operations management was developed using the Qualtrics\u00ae survey software and administered to a sample of PPs. Survey results indicate that PPs were actively involved in essential pharmacy services despite minimal EP&R training. Based on lessons learned during COVID-19, lacunae in knowledge, training and regulations were identified and recommendations are provided to broaden PP roles and enable them to be better prepared and actively engaged in EP&R for future emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32492721, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and Role of Human Saliva as a Testing Biofluid in Point-of-Care Technology.", "journal": "Eur J Dent", "authors": ["Hamid, Hiba", "Khurshid, Zohaib", "Adanir, Necdet", "Zafar, Muhammad S", "Zohaib, Sana"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492721", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has termed as a controllable pandemic, and the entire world has come to a standstill trying to mitigate the disease with health systems. Health care providers, around the globe, are fighting day and night. Currently, rapid testing is taking place with the help of nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal swab, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, urine, and blood. All these approaches are invasive or embarrassing to the infected person. It is observed that salivary glands are hosting severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and the detection of high viral loads in the saliva and is playing a crucial role in virus transmission, especially from individuals showing absolutely no symptoms. Saliva is proving to be a promising noninvasive sample specimen for the diagnosis of COVID-19, thus helping to monitor the infection and prevent it from further spreading by prompt isolation."}, {"pmid": 32369402, "pmcid": "PMC7267743", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the renin-angiotensin system: A closer look at angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).", "journal": "Ann Clin Biochem", "authors": ["Zemlin, Annalise E", "Wiese, Owen J"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369402", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first cases of atypical pneumonia linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, China, were described in late December 2019, the global landscape has changed radically. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, and at the time of writing this review, just over three million individuals have been infected with more than 200,000 deaths globally. Numerous countries are in 'lockdown', social distancing is the new norm, even the most advanced healthcare systems are under pressure, and a global economic recession seems inevitable. A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the aetiological agent. From experience with previous coronavirus epidemics, namely the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2004 and 2012 respectively, it was postulated that the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor is a possible port of cell entry. ACE2 is part of the renin-angiotensin system and is also associated with lung and cardiovascular disorders and inflammation. Recent studies have confirmed that ACE2 is the port of entry for SARS-CoV-2. Male sex, advanced age and a number of associated comorbidities have been identified as risk factors for infection with COVID-19. Many high-risk COVID-19 patients with comorbidities are on ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, and this has sparked debate about whether to continue these treatment regimes. Attention has also shifted to ACE2 being a target for future therapies or vaccines against COVID-19. In this review, we discuss COVID-19 and its complex relationship with ACE2."}, {"pmid": 32035507, "pmcid": "PMC7128686", "title": "2019-nCoV in context: lessons learned?", "journal": "Lancet Planet Health", "authors": ["Kock, Richard A", "Karesh, William B", "Veas, Francisco", "Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P", "Simons, David", "Mboera, Leonard E G", "Dar, Osman", "Arruda, Lia Barbara", "Zumla, Alimuddin"], "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035507", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298146, "pmcid": "PMC7258631", "title": "Hospital Preparedness for COVID-19: A Practical Guide from a Critical Care Perspective.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Griffin, Kelly M", "Karas, Maria G", "Ivascu, Natalia S", "Lief, Lindsay"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298146", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the estimated potential impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on New York City hospitals, our institution prepared for an influx of critically ill patients. Multiple areas of surge planning progressed, simultaneously focused on infection control, clinical operational challenges, ICU surge capacity, staffing, ethics, and maintenance of staff wellness. The protocols developed focused on clinical decisions regarding intubation, the use of high-flow oxygen, engagement with infectious disease consultants, and cardiac arrest. Mechanisms to increase bed capacity and increase efficiency in ICUs by outsourcing procedures were implemented. Novel uses of technology to minimize staff exposure to COVID-19 as well as to facilitate family engagement and end-of-life discussions were encouraged. Education and communication remained key in our attempts to standardize care, stay apprised on emerging data, and review seminal literature on respiratory failure. Challenges were encountered and overcome through interdisciplinary collaboration and iterative surge planning as ICU admissions rose. Support was provided for both clinical and nonclinical staff affected by the profound impact COVID-19 had on our city. We describe in granular detail the procedures and processes that were developed during a 1-month period while surge planning was ongoing and the need for ICU capacity rose exponentially. The approaches described here provide a potential roadmap for centers that must rapidly adapt to the tremendous challenge posed by this and potential future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32400927, "pmcid": "PMC7235492", "title": "COVID-19 and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Taub, Jeffrey W", "Ge, Yubin", "Xavier, Ana C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400927", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265372, "pmcid": "PMC7176259", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Critically Ill Children: A Narrative Review of the Literature.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Ong, Jacqueline S M", "Tosoni, Alvise", "Kim, YaeJean", "Kissoon, Niranjan", "Murthy, Srinivas"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265372", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 has spread around the world. In the 3 months since its emergence, we have learned a great deal about its clinical management and its relevance to the pediatric critical care provider. In this article, we review the available literature and provide valuable insight into the clinical management of this disease, as well as information on preparedness activities that every PICU should perform."}, {"pmid": 32283164, "pmcid": "PMC7151389", "title": "Clinical and laboratory-derived parameters of 119 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Shen, Liang", "Li, Shichao", "Zhu, Yufang", "Zhao, Jianzhong", "Tang, Xiaoyong", "Li, Huiqin", "Xing, Hui", "Lu, Mingqing", "Frederick, Christina", "Huang, Canping", "Wong, Gary", "Wang, Chunhua", "Lan, Jiaming"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283164", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299784, "pmcid": "PMC7194629", "title": "How do we decide to de-isolate COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Liao, Chia-Hung", "Hung, Shih-Chang", "Lee, Yuan-Ti", "Hung, Hung-Chang", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299784", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501802, "title": "COVID-19 Case-initiated contact tracing using anonymous notification techniques.", "journal": "JMIR Mhealth Uhealth", "authors": ["Cheng, Weibin", "Hao, Chun"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501802", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We propose a concept of contact notification tool for assisting tracing contacts who are exposure to confirmed COVID-19 cases, which is simple and affordable for countries with limited health manpower and high-tech means."}, {"pmid": 32360242, "title": "COVID-19 Illness and Heart Failure: A Missing Link?", "journal": "JACC Heart Fail", "authors": ["Mehra, Mandeep R", "Ruschitzka, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360242", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527626, "pmcid": "PMC7260499", "title": "New Challenges and Opportunities for Echocardiographic Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call to Focus on Competency and Pathology.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Madrazo, Jose A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527626", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358765, "pmcid": "PMC7194079", "title": "In reply: Regional anesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a time to reconsider practices? (Letters #1 and #2).", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lie, Sui An", "Wong, Sook Wai", "Wong, Loong Tat", "Wong, Theodore Gar Ling", "Chong, Shin Yuet"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358765", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335078, "pmcid": "PMC7177128", "title": "Deep impact of COVID-19 in the healthcare of Latin America: the case of Brazil.", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cimerman, Sergio", "Chebabo, Alberto", "Cunha, Clovis Arns da", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335078", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366172, "title": "COVID-19 and the Widening Gap in Health Inequity.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Krouse, Helene J"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366172", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought to light significant health inequities that have existed in our society for decades. Blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans, and immigrants are the populations most likely to experience disparities related to burden of disease, health care, and health outcomes. Increasingly, national and state statistics on COVID-19 report disproportionately higher mortality rates in blacks. There has never been a more pressing time for us to enact progressive and far-reaching changes in social, economic, and political policies that will shape programs aimed at improving the health of all people living in the United States."}, {"pmid": 32394579, "pmcid": "PMC7214950", "title": "Preventing suicide in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "World Psychiatry", "authors": ["McIntyre, Roger S", "Lee, Yena"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394579", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532729, "title": "Why I won't see you on the barricades: Disability and COVID-19.", "journal": "Can Fam Physician", "authors": ["Neilson, Shane"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532729", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396603, "pmcid": "PMC7239126", "title": "Rheumatology in a time of Coronavirus: Lessons from our early experiences.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Cronin, Owen", "Horne, Annamarie", "Ralston, Stuart H"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396603", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312609, "pmcid": "PMC7136880", "title": "Full Spectrum of Cancer Patients in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Still Being Described.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Liang, X", "Yang, C"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312609", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361996, "pmcid": "PMC7267331", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic and symptomatic patients and risk for transfusion transmission.", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Corman, Victor M", "Rabenau, Holger F", "Adams, Ortwin", "Oberle, Doris", "Funk, Markus B", "Keller-Stanislawski, Brigitte", "Timm, Jorg", "Drosten, Christian", "Ciesek, Sandra"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361996", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Oral swabs, sputum, and blood samples from 18 asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were examined using RT-PCR testing in order to assess the risk of transfusion-related transmission. In asymptomatic patients as well as patients with flu-like symptoms and fever, no SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be detected in the blood or serum despite a clearly positive result in all throat swabs. As patients with symptoms of infectious disease will not be admitted to blood donation, the risk for transfusion transmission of SARS-CoV-2 seems to be negligible."}, {"pmid": 32486619, "title": "Enforced format change to medical education webinar during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Korean J Med Educ", "authors": ["Lee, Young-Mee", "Park, Hyunmi", "Pyun, Sung-Bom", "Yoon, Young Wook"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486619", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482483, "pmcid": "PMC7253981", "title": "Lung ultrasound monitoring in patients with COVID-19 on home isolation.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Shokoohi, Hamid", "Duggan, Nicole M", "Garcia-de-Casasola Sanchez, Gonzalo", "Torres-Arrese, Marta", "Tung-Chen, Yale"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482483", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many patients with COVID-19, the clinical illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, exhibit mild symptoms and do not require hospitalization. Instead, these patients are often referred for 14-days of home isolation as symptoms resolve. Lung ultrasound is well-established as an important means of evaluating lung pathology in patients in the emergency department and in intensive care units. Ultrasound is also being used to assess admitted patients with COVID-19. However, data on the progression of sonographic findings in patients with COVID-19 on home isolation is lacking. Here we present a case series of a group of physician patients with COVID-19 who monitored themselves daily while in home isolation using lung point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). Lung POCUS findings corresponded with symptom onset and resolution in all 3 patients with confirmed COVID-19 during the 14-day isolation period. Lung POCUS may offer a feasible means of monitoring patients with COVID-19 who are on home isolation. Further studies correlating sonographic findings to disease progression and prognosis will be valuable."}, {"pmid": 32471830, "pmcid": "PMC7267883", "title": "Pandemic COVID-19 Joins History's Pandemic Legion.", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Morens, David M", "Daszak, Peter", "Markel, Howard", "Taubenberger, Jeffery K"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471830", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With great apprehension, the world is now watching the birth of a novel pandemic already causing tremendous suffering, death, and disruption of normal life. Uncertainty and dread are exacerbated by the belief that what we are experiencing is new and mysterious. However, deadly pandemics and disease emergences are not new phenomena: they have been challenging human existence throughout recorded history. Some have killed sizeable percentages of humanity, but humans have always searched for, and often found, ways of mitigating their deadly effects. We here review the ancient and modern histories of such diseases, discuss factors associated with their emergences, and attempt to identify lessons that will help us meet the current challenge."}, {"pmid": 32482787, "title": "Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and active tuberculosis co-infection in an Italian reference hospital.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Stochino, Claudia", "Villa, Simone", "Zucchi, Patrizia", "Parravicini, Pierpaolo", "Gori, Andrea", "Raviglione, Mario Carlo"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482787", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371477, "pmcid": "PMC7200009", "title": "Rapid implementation of mobile technology for real-time epidemiology of COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Drew, David A", "Nguyen, Long H", "Steves, Claire J", "Menni, Cristina", "Freydin, Maxim", "Varsavsky, Thomas", "Sudre, Carole H", "Cardoso, M Jorge", "Ourselin, Sebastien", "Wolf, Jonathan", "Spector, Tim D", "Chan, Andrew T"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371477", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid pace of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic (COVID-19) presents challenges to the robust collection of population-scale data to address this global health crisis. We established the COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) consortium to bring together scientists with expertise in big data research and epidemiology to develop a COVID-19 Symptom Tracker mobile application that we launched in the UK on March 24, 2020 and the US on March 29, 2020 garnering more than 2.8 million users as of May 2, 2020. This mobile application offers data on risk factors, herald symptoms, clinical outcomes, and geographical hot spots. This initiative offers critical proof-of-concept for the repurposing of existing approaches to enable rapidly scalable epidemiologic data collection and analysis which is critical for a data-driven response to this public health challenge."}, {"pmid": 32408995, "pmcid": "PMC7188649", "title": "Elective Surgery During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic (COVID-19): A Morbimortality Analysis and Recommendations on Patient Prioritisation and Security Measures.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Di Martino, Marcello", "Garcia Septiem, Javier", "Maqueda Gonzalez, Rocio", "Munoz de Nova, Jose Luis", "de la Hoz Rodriguez, Angela", "Correa Bonito, Alba", "Martin-Perez, Elena"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408995", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) has required adaptation by hospitals affected by the pandemic, which has caused a reduction in elective surgical activity. Retrospective study of patients operated on in the previous month and during the peak of the pandemic. We analysed the COVID-19 infection rate, the severity of respiratory infection according to the Brescia respiratory COVID-19 severity scale, the adopted therapeutic measures and the overall postoperative complications. From 17th February to 31st March 2020, there was a progressive decrease in surgical activity, with only 213 patients operated on. This comprised 59 (27.8%) elective operations for oncological diseases, 97 (45.5%) elective operations for benign diseases and 57 (26.7%) as urgent procedures. There was a progressive increase in the rate of infection by COVID-19, with a total of 15 cases (7%). This included 10 patients (16.9%) in the elective group for oncological disease, 1 (1%) in the elective surgery group for benign disease and 4 (7%) in the urgent surgery group (P<.001). Five patients presented with a severe respiratory infection, of which 4 were affected by oncological disease. There were 3 deaths (1.4%), which were all due to the worsening of a respiratory infection. The patients undergoing the surgical procedures showed high rates of COVID-19 infection and postoperative complications, especially the patients with oncological diseases. Local resumption of surgical activity must be based on the prioritisation of the cases to be operated on, respecting certain premises of security and optimisation of the available resources."}, {"pmid": 32329539, "pmcid": "PMC7264546", "title": "What ENT doctors should know about COVID-19 contagion risks.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Meccariello, Giuseppe", "Gallo, Oreste"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329539", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386438, "pmcid": "PMC7272956", "title": "'Toxic erythema' and eosinophilia associated with tocilizumab therapy in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Sernicola, A", "Carnicelli, G", "Di Fraia, M", "Chello, C", "Furlan, C", "Muharremi, R", "Paolino, G", "Grieco, T"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386438", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450413, "pmcid": "PMC7214277", "title": "Online Balint groups in healthcare workers caring for the COVID-19 patients in Iran.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Kiani Dehkordi, Mansoureh", "Sakhi, Shahin", "Gholamzad, Shakiba", "Azizpour, Mohammad", "Shahini, Najmeh"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450413", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452274, "title": "School Nurses: Living the Framework During COVID-19.", "journal": "NASN Sch Nurse", "authors": ["Combe, Laurie G"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452274", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125642, "pmcid": "PMC7090474", "title": "Understanding SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Inflammatory Responses: From Mechanisms to Potential Therapeutic Tools.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Fu, Yajing", "Cheng, Yuanxiong", "Wu, Yuntao"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125642", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently there is no effective antiviral therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection, which frequently leads to fatal inflammatory responses and acute lung injury. Here, we discuss the various mechanisms of SARS-CoV-mediated inflammation. We also assume that SARS-CoV-2 likely shares similar inflammatory responses. Potential therapeutic tools to reduce SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory responses include various methods to block FcR activation. In the absence of a proven clinical FcR blocker, the use of intravenous immunoglobulin to block FcR activation may be a viable option for the urgent treatment of pulmonary inflammation to prevent severe lung injury. Such treatment may also be combined with systemic anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids. However, these strategies, as proposed here, remain to be clinically tested for effectiveness."}, {"pmid": 32412679, "pmcid": "PMC7261984", "title": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and neurodegenerative disorders.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Singh, Anurag Kumar", "Bhushan, Bharat", "Maurya, Anand", "Mishra, Gaurav", "Singh, Santosh Kumar", "Awasthi, Rajendra"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412679", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the last few months, the whole humanity is experiencing largest and most severe sudden influx of COVID-19 outbreak caused by the novel coronavirus (CoV) originated from Wuhan, China. According to the WHO reports, total 3\u2009862\u2009676 positive cases and 265\u2009961 deaths have been recorded worldwide due to COVID-19 infection as of May 9, 2020. CoVs are a large family of viruses (enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses), which includes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV). New SARS CoV2 is the members of Betacoronavirus genus. These viruses cause infections in bats, camels and humans, and a few other associated species. Despite many neurologic complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is still unclear whether these symptoms results from direct neural injury or due to some other reason. Currently, it appears that most of the neurological symptoms of COVID-19 are nonspecific and secondary to the systemic illness. A single case of acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy has been reported. SARS-CoV-2 associated Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome is an atypical case. Till today, no convincing evidence is available to confirm that the SARS-CoV-2 virus directly affects nerves system in humans. However, postinfection surveillance will be necessary to identify the possible post-COVID-19 neurologic syndromes."}, {"pmid": 32199493, "pmcid": "PMC7158902", "title": "Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Liu, Yang", "Yan, Li-Meng", "Wan, Lagen", "Xiang, Tian-Xin", "Le, Aiping", "Liu, Jia-Ming", "Peiris, Malik", "Poon, Leo L M", "Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199493", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437226, "title": "Covid-19: A new challenge for forensic medicine.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Stefania, Zerbo", "Ginevra, Malta", "Elvira, Ventura Spagnolo", "Antonina, Argo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437226", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471205, "title": "Prediction of Novel Inhibitors of the Main Protease (M-pro) of SARS-CoV-2 through Consensus Docking and Drug Reposition.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Gimeno, Aleix", "Mestres-Truyol, Julia", "Ojeda-Montes, Maria Jose", "Macip, Guillem", "Saldivar-Espinoza, Bryan", "Cereto-Massague, Adria", "Pujadas, Gerard", "Garcia-Vallve, Santiago"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471205", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019 and its rapid spread worldwide, the scientific community has been under pressure to react and make progress in the development of an effective treatment against the virus responsible for the disease. Here, we implement an original virtual screening (VS) protocol for repositioning approved drugs in order to predict which of them could inhibit the main protease of the virus (M-pro), a key target for antiviral drugs given its essential role in the virus' replication. Two different libraries of approved drugs were docked against the structure of M-pro using Glide, FRED and AutoDock Vina, and only the equivalent high affinity binding modes predicted simultaneously by the three docking programs were considered to correspond to bioactive poses. In this way, we took advantage of the three sampling algorithms to generate hypothetic binding modes without relying on a single scoring function to rank the results. Seven possible SARS-CoV-2 M-pro inhibitors were predicted using this approach: Perampanel, Carprofen, Celecoxib, Alprazolam, Trovafloxacin, Sarafloxacin and ethyl biscoumacetate. Carprofen and Celecoxib have been selected by the COVID Moonshot initiative for in vitro testing; they show 3.97 and 11.90% M-pro inhibition at 50 \u00b5M, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32420956, "title": "History repeating. The plague of 1630 in Milan and the COVID-19 pandemia.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Ciulla, Michele M"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420956", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In western democracies, individual behaviour will be crucial to control the spread of COVID-19, as well as government actions [1] that unfortunately, except China, South Korea and Italy, followed by others,\u00a0 seems to be generally unconvinced and, speculatively, late. Indeed human history has been marked by epidemics/pandemics which have affected, more or less, large geographical areas [2]. Italy, as well as the rest of Europe, has often been affected by these phenomena and, Lombardy, due to his position, was, as today by COVID-19, severely stroked in Italy that is, after China, the second most affected country [3]. This is also linked to the position of Lombardy and its capital, Milan, but this is beyond this brief comment. There are several differences between the past plagues and the actual COVID-19 pandemic and these must be sought in the increased ability to transmit diseases at-distance through the mobility of humans and goods [4], and in the catastrophic consequences of the breakdown of ecosystems, as told, a few years ago, by David Quammen in the book Spillover [5]."}, {"pmid": 32027036, "pmcid": "PMC7166773", "title": "Genomic variance of the 2019-nCoV coronavirus.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ceraolo, Carmine", "Giorgi, Federico M"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32027036", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a rising global concern for the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Full genomic sequences have been released by the worldwide scientific community in the last few weeks to understand the evolutionary origin and molecular characteristics of this virus. Taking advantage of all the genomic information currently available, we constructed a phylogenetic tree including also representatives of other coronaviridae, such as Bat coronavirus (BCoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome. We confirm high sequence similarity (>99%) between all sequenced 2019-nCoVs genomes available, with the closest BCoV sequence sharing 96.2% sequence identity, confirming the notion of a zoonotic origin of 2019-nCoV. Despite the low heterogeneity of the 2019-nCoV genomes, we could identify at least two hypervariable genomic hotspots, one of which is responsible for a Serine/Leucine variation in the viral ORF8-encoded protein. Finally, we perform a full proteomic comparison with other coronaviridae, identifying key aminoacidic differences to be considered for antiviral strategies deriving from previous anti-coronavirus approaches."}, {"pmid": 32512078, "title": "Chest tube with air leaks is a potential \"super spreader\" of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Sugimoto, Hiroshi", "Kohama, Takuya"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512078", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281144, "pmcid": "PMC7262094", "title": "Is it ethical to be a 'whistleblower' during COVID-19 pandemic? Ethical challenges confronted by health care workers in China.", "journal": "J Adv Nurs", "authors": ["Zhu, Junhong"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281144", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490845, "title": "Using Internet-based psychological measurement to capture the deteriorating community mental health profile during COVID-19: An observational study.", "journal": "JMIR Ment Health", "authors": ["van Agteren, Joep", "Bartholomaeus, Jonathan", "Fassnacht, Dan", "Iasiello, Matthew", "Ali, Kathina", "Lo, Laura", "Kyrios, Mike"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490845", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is expected to have widespread and pervasive implications for mental health in terms of deteriorating outcomes and increased health service use, leading to calls for empirical research on mental health during the pandemic. Internet-based psychological measurement can play an important role in collecting imperative data, assisting to guide evidence-based decision making in practice and policy, and subsequently facilitating immediate reporting of measurement results to participants. The aim of this study is to use an internet-based mental health measurement platform to compare the mental health profile of community members during COVID-19 with community members assessed before the pandemic. This study uses an internet-based self-assessment tool to collect data on psychological distress, mental well-being, and resilience in community cohorts during (n=673) and prior to the pandemic (two cohorts, n=1264 and n=340). Our findings demonstrate significantly worse outcomes on all mental health measures for participants measured during COVID-19 compared to those measured before (P<.001 for all outcomes, effect sizes ranging between Cohen d=0.32 to Cohen d=0.81. Participants who demonstrated problematic scores for at least one of the mental health outcomes increased from 58% (n=197/340) before COVID-19 to 79% (n=532/673) during COVID-19, leading to only 21% (n=141) of measured participants displaying good mental health during the pandemic. The results clearly demonstrate deterioration in mental health outcomes during COVID-19. Although further research is needed, our findings support the serious mental health implications of the pandemic and highlight the utility of internet-based data collection tools in providing evidence to innovate and strengthen practice and policy during and after the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32490972, "title": "COVID-19 and the eye: how much do we really know? A best evidence review.", "journal": "Arq Bras Oftalmol", "authors": ["Emparan, Juan Pablo Olivares-de", "Sardi-Correa, Carolina", "Lopez-Ulloa, Juan Alberto", "Viteri-Soria, Jaime", "Penniecook, Jason A", "Jimenez-Roman, Jesus", "Lansingh, Van C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490972", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify and classify available information regarding COVID-19 and eye care according to the level of evidence, within four main topics of interest: evidence of the virus in tears and the ocular surface, infection via the conjunctival route, ocular manifestations, and best practice recommendations. A structured review was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, SciELO, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar on COVID-19 and ophthalmology. The Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence worksheet was used for quality assessments. 1018 items were identified in the search; 26 records were included in the qualitative synthesis, which encompassed 6 literature reviews, 10 case series or cross-sectional studies, 4 case reports, and 6 intervention descriptions. Seventeen out of 26 records (65%) were categorized as level 5 within the Oxford CBME methodology grading system, the rest were level 4. The evidence generated on COVID-19 and ophthalmology to date is limited, although this is understandable given the circumstances. Both the possible presence of viral particles in tears and conjunctiva, and the potential for conjunctival transmission remain controversial. Ocular manifestations are not frequent and could resemble viral infection of the ocular surface. Most recommendations are based on the strategies implemented by Asian countries during previous coronavirus outbreaks. There is a need for substantive studies evaluating these strategies in the setting of SARS-CoV-2. In the meantime, plans for applying these measures must be implemented with caution, taking into account the context of each individual country, and undergo regular evaluation."}, {"pmid": 32484426, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on the vascular interventionist.", "journal": "Vascular", "authors": ["Mousa, Albeir Y", "Broce, Mike"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484426", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296266, "pmcid": "PMC7158845", "title": "Initial impacts of global risk mitigation measures taken during the combatting of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Saf Sci", "authors": ["Bruinen de Bruin, Yuri", "Lequarre, Anne-Sophie", "McCourt, Josephine", "Clevestig, Peter", "Pigazzani, Filippo", "Zare Jeddi, Maryam", "Colosio, Claudio", "Goulart, Margarida"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296266", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper presents an analysis of risk mitigation measures taken by countries around the world facing the current COVID-19 outbreak. In light of the current pandemic the authors collated and clustered (using harmonised terminology) the risk mitigation measures taken around the globe in the combat to contain, and since March 11 2020, to limit the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus known to cause the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This overview gathers lessons learnt, providing an update on the current knowledge for authorities, sectors and first responders on the effectiveness of said measures, and may allow enhanced prevention, preparedness and response for future outbreaks. Various measures such as mobility restrictions, physical distancing, hygienic measures, socio-economic restrictions, communication and international support mechanisms have been clustered and are reviewed in terms of the nature of the actions taken and their qualitative early-perceived impact. At the time of writing, it is still too premature to express the quantitative effectiveness of each risk mitigation cluster, but it seems that the best mitigation results are reported when applying a combination of voluntary and enforceable measures."}, {"pmid": 32418029, "pmcid": "PMC7229874", "title": "Surgical Strategy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a University Metropolitan Hospital in Milan, Italy.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Mariani, Nicolo M", "Pisani Ceretti, Andrea", "Fedele, Veronica", "Barabino, Matteo", "Nicastro, Vincenzo", "Giovenzana, Marco", "Scifo, Giovanna", "De Nicola, Enrico", "Opocher, Enrico"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418029", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly, forcing some drastic changes not only in our daily lives, but also in our clinical and surgical activities. Given our extensive Italian experience, we hereby describe how our surgical unit activity has changed and how, in some cases, it was necessary to modify surgical strategies. We hope our experience can be shared with our global colleagues who are suffering under similar condition."}, {"pmid": 32360047, "pmcid": "PMC7183999", "title": "Re: Ming-Chun Chan, Sharon E.K. Yeo, Yew-Lam Chong, Yee-Mun Lee. Stepping Forward: Urologists' Efforts During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Singapore. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.004.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Mantica, Guglielmo", "Suardi, Nazareno", "Terrone, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360047", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445728, "pmcid": "PMC7240269", "title": "Asymptomatic infection and atypical manifestations of COVID-19: Comparison of viral shedding duration.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Noh, Ji Yun", "Yoon, Jin Gu", "Seong, Hye", "Choi, Won Suk", "Sohn, Jang Wook", "Cheong, Hee Jin", "Kim, Woo Joo", "Song, Joon Young"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445728", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32132184, "pmcid": "PMC7164635", "title": "Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Yan, Renhong", "Zhang, Yuanyuan", "Li, Yaning", "Xia, Lu", "Guo, Yingying", "Zhou, Qiang"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32132184", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the cellular receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that is causing the serious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of full-length human ACE2 in the presence of the neutral amino acid transporter B0AT1 with or without the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the surface spike glycoprotein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2, both at an overall resolution of 2.9 angstroms, with a local resolution of 3.5 angstroms at the ACE2-RBD interface. The ACE2-B0AT1 complex is assembled as a dimer of heterodimers, with the collectrin-like domain of ACE2 mediating homodimerization. The RBD is recognized by the extracellular peptidase domain of ACE2 mainly through polar residues. These findings provide important insights into the molecular basis for coronavirus recognition and infection."}, {"pmid": 32362298, "pmcid": "PMC7218181", "title": "Electronic screening through community engagement: A national strategic plan to find COVID-19 patients and reduce clinical intervention delays.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad", "Gholizadeh, Masoumeh"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362298", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205334, "title": "Covid-19: identifying and isolating asymptomatic people helped eliminate virus in Italian village.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205334", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32053579, "pmcid": "PMC7017962", "title": "Persons Evaluated for 2019 Novel Coronavirus - United States, January 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Bajema, Kristina L", "Oster, Alexandra M", "McGovern, Olivia L", "Lindstrom, Stephen", "Stenger, Mark R", "Anderson, Tara C", "Isenhour, Cheryl", "Clarke, Kevin R", "Evans, Mary E", "Chu, Victoria T", "Biggs, Holly M", "Kirking, Hannah L", "Gerber, Susan I", "Hall, Aron J", "Fry, Alicia M", "Oliver, Sara E"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32053579", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a cluster of cases of pneumonia emerged in Wuhan City in central China's Hubei Province. Genetic sequencing of isolates obtained from patients with pneumonia identified a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) as the etiology (1). As of February 4, 2020, approximately 20,000 confirmed cases had been identified in China and an additional 159 confirmed cases in 23 other countries, including 11 in the United States (2,3). On January 17, CDC and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Customs and Border Protection began health screenings at U.S. airports to identify ill travelers returning from Wuhan City (4). CDC activated its Emergency Operations Center on January 21 and formalized a process for inquiries regarding persons suspected of having 2019-nCoV infection (2). As of January 31, 2020, CDC had responded to clinical inquiries from public health officials and health care providers to assist in evaluating approximately 650 persons thought to be at risk for 2019-nCoV infection. Guided by CDC criteria for the evaluation of persons under investigation (PUIs) (5), 210 symptomatic persons were tested for 2019-nCoV; among these persons, 148 (70%) had travel-related risk only, 42 (20%) had close contact with an ill laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV patient or PUI, and 18 (9%) had both travel- and contact-related risks. Eleven of these persons had laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Recognizing persons at risk for 2019-nCoV is critical to identifying cases and preventing further transmission. Health care providers should remain vigilant and adhere to recommended infection prevention and control practices when evaluating patients for possible 2019-nCoV infection (6). Providers should consult with their local and state health departments when assessing not only ill travelers from 2019-nCoV-affected countries but also ill persons who have been in close contact with patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection in the United States."}, {"pmid": 32179701, "pmcid": "PMC7164387", "title": "Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Li, Ruiyun", "Pei, Sen", "Chen, Bin", "Song, Yimeng", "Zhang, Tao", "Yang, Wan", "Shaman, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179701", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Estimation of the prevalence and contagiousness of undocumented novel coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] infections is critical for understanding the overall prevalence and pandemic potential of this disease. Here, we use observations of reported infection within China, in conjunction with mobility data, a networked dynamic metapopulation model, and Bayesian inference, to infer critical epidemiological characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2, including the fraction of undocumented infections and their contagiousness. We estimate that 86% of all infections were undocumented [95% credible interval (CI): 82-90%] before the 23 January 2020 travel restrictions. The transmission rate of undocumented infections per person was 55% the transmission rate of documented infections (95% CI: 46-62%), yet, because of their greater numbers, undocumented infections were the source of 79% of the documented cases. These findings explain the rapid geographic spread of SARS-CoV-2 and indicate that containment of this virus will be particularly challenging."}, {"pmid": 32087777, "pmcid": "PMC7138040", "title": "COVID-19: fighting panic with information.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522226, "title": "Low molecular weight heparins in COVID-19 patients: beware of augmented renal clearance!", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Tomasa-Irriguible, Teresa Maria", "Martinez-Vega, Sergi", "Mor-Marco, Ester", "Herraiz-Ruiz, Alba", "Raguer-Pardo, Laura", "Cubells-Larrosa, Carlos"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522226", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493409, "pmcid": "PMC7267763", "title": "Inequalities in access to water and soap matter for the COVID-19 response in sub-Saharan Africa.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Jiwani, Safia S", "Antiporta, Daniel A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493409", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly since the first case notification of the WHO in December 2019. Lacking an effective treatment, countries have implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions including social distancing measures and have encouraged maintaining adequate and frequent hand hygiene to slow down the disease transmission. Although access to clean water and soap is universal in high-income settings, it remains a basic need many do not have in low- and middle-income settings.We analyzed data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 16 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, using the most recent survey since 2015. Differences in the percentage of households with an observed handwashing place with water and soap were estimated by place of residence and wealth quintiles. Equiplots showed wide within-country disparities, disproportionately affecting the poorest households and rural residents, who represent the majority of the population in most of the countries.Social inequalities in access to water and soap matter for the COVID-19 response in sub-Saharan Africa. Interventions such as mass distribution of soap and ensuring access to clean water, along with other preventive strategies should be scaled up to reach the most vulnerable populations."}, {"pmid": 32240094, "pmcid": "PMC7124956", "title": "Use of Rapid Online Surveys to Assess People's Perceptions During Infectious Disease Outbreaks: A Cross-sectional Survey on COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Geldsetzer, Pascal"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240094", "countries": ["United States", "India", "United Kingdom", "China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the extensive time needed to conduct a nationally representative household survey and the commonly low response rate of phone surveys, rapid online surveys may be a promising method to assess and track knowledge and perceptions among the general public during fast-moving infectious disease outbreaks. This study aimed to apply rapid online surveying to determine knowledge and perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the general public in the United States and the United Kingdom. An online questionnaire was administered to 3000 adults residing in the United States and 3000 adults residing in the United Kingdom who had registered with Prolific Academic to participate in online research. Prolific Academic established strata by age (18-27, 28-37, 38-47, 48-57, or \u226558 years), sex (male or female), and ethnicity (white, black or African American, Asian or Asian Indian, mixed, or \"other\"), as well as all permutations of these strata. The number of participants who could enroll in each of these strata was calculated to reflect the distribution in the US and UK general population. Enrollment into the survey within each stratum was on a first-come, first-served basis. Participants completed the questionnaire between February 23 and March 2, 2020. A total of 2986 and 2988 adults residing in the United States and the United Kingdom, respectively, completed the questionnaire. Of those, 64.4% (1924/2986) of US participants and 51.5% (1540/2988) of UK participants had a tertiary education degree, 67.5% (2015/2986) of US participants had a total household income between US $20,000 and US $99,999, and 74.4% (2223/2988) of UK participants had a total household income between \u00a315,000 and \u00a374,999. US and UK participants' median estimate for the probability of a fatal disease course among those infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was 5.0% (IQR 2.0%-15.0%) and 3.0% (IQR 2.0%-10.0%), respectively. Participants generally had good knowledge of the main mode of disease transmission and common symptoms of COVID-19. However, a substantial proportion of participants had misconceptions about how to prevent an infection and the recommended care-seeking behavior. For instance, 37.8% (95% CI 36.1%-39.6%) of US participants and 29.7% (95% CI 28.1%-31.4%) of UK participants thought that wearing a common surgical mask was \"highly effective\" in protecting them from acquiring COVID-19, and 25.6% (95% CI 24.1%-27.2%) of US participants and 29.6% (95% CI 28.0%-31.3%) of UK participants thought it was prudent to refrain from eating at Chinese restaurants. Around half (53.8%, 95% CI 52.1%-55.6%) of US participants and 39.1% (95% CI 37.4%-40.9%) of UK participants thought that children were at an especially high risk of death when infected with SARS-CoV-2. The distribution of participants by total household income and education followed approximately that of the US and UK general population. The findings from this online survey could guide information campaigns by public health authorities, clinicians, and the media. More broadly, rapid online surveys could be an important tool in tracking the public's knowledge and misperceptions during rapidly moving infectious disease outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32388471, "pmcid": "PMC7187839", "title": "Clinical evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay on a fully automated system for rapid on-demand testing in the hospital setting.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Norz, Dominik", "Fischer, Nicole", "Schultze, Alexander", "Kluge, Stefan", "Mayer-Runge, Ulrich", "Aepfelbacher, Martin", "Pfefferle, Susanne", "Lutgehetmann, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388471", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presents a unique challenge for diagnostic laboratories around the world. Automation of workflows in molecular diagnostics is instrumental for coping with the large number of tests ordered by clinicians, as well as providing fast-tracked rapid testing for highly urgent cases. In this study we evaluated a SARS-CoV-2 LDT for the NeuMoDx 96 system, a fully automated device performing extraction and real-time PCR. A publicly available SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay was adapted for the automated system. Analytical performance was evaluated using in-vitro transcribed RNA and clinical performance was compared to the cobas 6800-based reference assay within the lab. The Envelope (E) Gene-LDT displayed good analytical performance with an LoD of 95.55 cp/mL and no false positives during evaluation of cross-reactivity. A total of 176 patient samples were tested with both the E-Gene-LDT and the reference assay. Positive and negative agreement were 100 % and 99.2 % respectively. Invalid-rate was 6.3 %. The E-Gene-LDT showed analytical and clinical performance comparable to the cobas6800-based reference assay. Due to its random-access workflow concept and rapid time-to-result of about 80\u2009min, the system is very well suited for providing fast-tracked SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics for urgent clinical samples in the hospital setting."}, {"pmid": 32503058, "title": "Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: What is the Optimal Definition?", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Blumberg, Dean A", "Underwood, Mark A", "Hedriana, Herman L", "Lakshminrusimha, Satyan"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503058", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350453, "pmcid": "PMC7189829", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 self-isolation: recommendations for people with a vision impairment.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Allen, Peter M", "Smith, Lee"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350453", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446322, "pmcid": "PMC7241990", "title": "COVID-19: consequences for higher education.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Burki, Talha Khan"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446322", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311034, "pmcid": "PMC7188147", "title": "Telehealth transformation: COVID-19 and the rise of virtual care.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Wosik, Jedrek", "Fudim, Marat", "Cameron, Blake", "Gellad, Ziad F", "Cho, Alex", "Phinney, Donna", "Curtis, Simon", "Roman, Matthew", "Poon, Eric G", "Ferranti, Jeffrey", "Katz, Jason N", "Tcheng, James"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311034", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered our economy, society, and healthcare system. While this crisis has presented the U.S. healthcare delivery system with unprecedented challenges, the pandemic has catalyzed rapid adoption of telehealth, or the entire spectrum of activities used to deliver care at a distance. Using examples reported by U.S. healthcare organizations, including ours, we describe the role that telehealth has played in transforming healthcare delivery during the 3 phases of the U.S. COVID-19 pandemic: (1) stay-at-home outpatient care, (2) initial COVID-19 hospital surge, and (3) postpandemic recovery. Within each of these 3 phases, we examine how people, process, and technology work together to support a successful telehealth transformation. Whether healthcare enterprises are ready or not, the new reality is that virtual care has arrived."}, {"pmid": 32342925, "title": "Challenges of Covid-19 testing.", "journal": "Malays J Pathol", "authors": ["Tan, G C", "Cheong, S K"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342925", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No abstract available."}, {"pmid": 32297671, "pmcid": "PMC7262036", "title": "Relationships among lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, and the pulmonary inflammation index in coronavirus (COVID-19) infected patients.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Wan, Suxin", "Yi, Qingjie", "Fan, Shibing", "Lv, Jinglong", "Zhang, Xianxiang", "Guo, Lian", "Lang, Chunhui", "Xiao, Qing", "Xiao, Kaihu", "Yi, Zhengjun", "Qiang, Mao", "Xiang, Jianglin", "Zhang, Bangshuo", "Chen, Yongping", "Gao, Cailiang"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297671", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We explored the relationships between lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, pulmonary inflammation index (PII) and disease evolution in patients with (corona virus disease 2019) COVID-19. A total of 123 patients with COVID-19 were divided into mild and severe groups. Lymphocyte subsets and cytokines were detected on the first day of hospital admission and lung computed tomography results were quantified by PII. Difference analysis and correlation analysis were performed on the two groups. A total of 102 mild and 21 severe patients were included in the analysis. There were significant differences in cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+ T), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+ T), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and PII between the two groups. There were significant positive correlations between CD4+ T and CD8+ T, IL-6 and IL-10 in the mild group (r2 \u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7694, r 2 \u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7633, respectively; P\u00a0<\u00a00\u00b701). After 'five-in-one' treatment, all patients were discharged with the exception of the four who died. Higher survival rates occurred in the mild group and in those with IL-6 within normal values. CD4+ T, CD8+ T, IL-6, IL-10 and PII can be used as indicators of disease evolution, and the PII can be used as an independent indicator for disease progression of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32401907, "title": "Trying to make sense out of chaos: science, politics and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Camargo, Kenneth Rochel de Jr"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401907", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This essay discusses the proliferation of discourses about the COVID-19 pandemic, presenting the challenges both to science and public policies that such an information overload present, having Collins' sociology of expertise as a theoretical framework."}, {"pmid": 32416206, "pmcid": "PMC7228687", "title": "COVID-19 & PPE: Treatment and Prevention of Skin Conditions Related to the Occupational Use of Personal Protective Equipment.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Desai, Seemal R", "Kovarik, Carrie", "Brod, Bruce", "James, William", "Fitzgerald, Matthew E", "Preston, Ave", "Hruza, George J"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416206", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372803, "pmcid": "PMC7194712", "title": "Children and covid-19.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Ramchandani, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372803", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Children will face many hidden negative effects from the new coronavirus- it's not too late to avert them, says Paul Ramchandani."}, {"pmid": 32491976, "title": "School Nurses on the Front Lines of Healthcare: Infectious Diseases Popularized in the News.", "journal": "NASN Sch Nurse", "authors": ["McNickle, Lauren", "Olympia, Robert P"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491976", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "School nurses may deal with students presenting with symptoms associated with infections popularized in the news. Although rare, the implications of missing or misdiagnosing these infections are potentially life-threatening and devastating. We present three students presenting with febrile illnesses associated with neurologic symptoms, a rash, and fatigue, focusing on the initial assessment and management of these students and their associated \"hot topic\" infection. The authors also discuss two public health organizations, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (https://www.cdc.gov/) and the World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/), online references for the school nurse to research both emerging and common infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32428811, "pmcid": "PMC7217098", "title": "Exercise as medicine for COVID-19: An ACE in the hole?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Heffernan, Kevin S", "Jae, Sae Young"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428811", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358882, "pmcid": "PMC7261973", "title": "Comment on \"Antipsoriatic treatments during COVID-19 outbreak\".", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Abdelmaksoud, Ayman", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Vestita, Michelangelo"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358882", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474850, "pmcid": "PMC7260461", "title": "Clinical features of 1487 COVID-19 patients with outpatient management in the Greater Paris: the COVID-call study.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Lapostolle, Frederic", "Schneider, Elodie", "Vianu, Isabelle", "Dollet, Guillaume", "Roche, Bastien", "Berdah, Julia", "Michel, Julie", "Goix, Laurent", "Chanzy, Erick", "Petrovic, Tomislav", "Adnet, Frederic"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474850", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical features of COVID-19 have been mostly described in hospitalized patients with and without ICU admission. Yet, up to 80% of patients are managed in an outpatient setting. This population is poorly documented. In France, health authorities recommend outpatient management of patients presenting mild-to-moderate COVID-19 symptoms. The aim of this study was to describe their clinical characteristics. The study took place in an emergency medical dispatching center located in the Greater Paris region. Patients included in this survey met confirmed COVID-19 infection criteria according to the WHO definition. We investigated clinical features and classified symptoms as general, digestive, ear-nose-throat, thoracic symptoms, and eye disease. Patients were included between March 24 and April 6 2020. 1487 patients included: 700 (47%) males and 752 (51%) females, with a median age of 44 (32-57) years. In addition to dry cough and fever reported in more than 90% of cases, the most common symptoms were general symptoms: body aches/myalgia (N\u2009=\u2009845; 57%), headache (N\u2009=\u2009824; 55%), and asthenia (N\u2009=\u2009886; 60%); shortness of breath (N\u2009=\u2009479; 32%) and ear-nose-throat symptoms such as anosmia (N\u2009=\u2009415; 28%) and ageusia (N\u2009=\u2009422; 28%). Chest pain was reported in 320 (21%) cases and hemoptysis in 41 (3%) cases. The main difference between male and female patients was an increased prevalence of ear-nose-throat symptoms as well as diarrhea, chest pains, and headaches in female patients. General symptoms and ear-nose-throat symptoms were predominant in COVID-19 patients presenting mild-to-moderate symptoms. Shortness of breath and chest pain were remarkably frequent."}, {"pmid": 32221513, "title": "Facing up to the uncertainties of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["Chater, Nick"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221513", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479247, "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease and the Current Scenario of the Global Health Emergency.", "journal": "Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem", "authors": ["Baruah, Geetanjali", "Sahu, Jagajjit"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479247", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394688, "title": "[Chronic granulocytic leukemia with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Sheng, L S", "Li, D J", "Zhou, J F", "Huang, W"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394688", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505069, "pmcid": "PMC7262503", "title": "Hydrogen peroxide and viral infections: A literature review with research hypothesis definition in relation to the current covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Caruso, Arturo Armone", "Del Prete, Antonio", "Lazzarino, Antonio Ivan"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505069", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We reviewed the literature concerning the innate response from nasal and oral epithelial cells and their reaction to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Hydrogen peroxide is produced physiologically by oral bacteria and plays a significant role in the balance of oral microecology since it is an important antimicrobial agent. In the epithelial cells, the enzyme superoxide dismutase catalyzes a reaction leading from hydrogen peroxide to the ion superoxide. The induced oxidative stress stimulates a local innate response via activation of the toll-like receptors and the NF-\u03baB. Those kinds of reactions are also activated by viral infections. Virus-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in the regulation of the host immune system and the specific oxidant-sensitive pathway is one of the effective strategies against viral infections. Therefore, nose/mouth/throat washing with hydrogen peroxide may enhance those local innate responses to viral infections and help protect against the current coronavirus pandemic. We strongly encourage the rapid development of randomized controlled trials in both SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative subjects to test the preliminary findings from the in-vitro and in-vivo observational studies that we identified."}, {"pmid": 32524516, "title": "Evaluation of variation in D-dimer levels among COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia: a retrospective analysis.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Yu, Bilian", "Li, Xin", "Chen, Jin", "Ouyang, Mingqi", "Zhang, Hong", "Zhao, Xinge", "Tang, Liang", "Luo, Qin", "Xu, Min", "Yang, Lizhen", "Huang, Guxiang", "Liu, Xianling", "Tang, Jianjun"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524516", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the recent outbreak of novel coronavirus infection worldwide, the risk of thrombosis and bleeding should be concerned. We aimed to observe the dynamic changes of D-dimer levels during disease progression to evaluate their value for thrombosis. In this study, we report the clinical and laboratory results of 57 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and 46 patients with confirmed community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CAP). And their concentrations of D-dimer, infection-related biomarkers, and conventional coagulation were retrospectively analyzed. The Padua prediction score is used to identify patients at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The results found that, on admission, both in COVID-19 patients and CAP patients, D-dimer levels were significantly increased, and compared with CAP patients, D-dimer levels were higher in COVID-19 patients (P\u2009 < 0.05). Besides, we found that in COVID-19 patients, D-dimer were related with markers of inflammation, especially with hsCRP (R = 0.426, P < 0.05). However, there was low correlation between VTE score and D-dimer levels (Spearman's R = 0.264, P > 0.05) weakened the role of D-dimer in the prediction of thrombosis. After treatments, D-dimer levels decreased which was synchronous with hsCRP levels in patients with good clinical prognosis, but there were still some patients with anomalous increasing D-dimer levels after therapy. In conclusion, elevated baseline D-dimer levels are associated with inflammation but not with VTE score in COVID-19 patients, suggesting that it is unreasonable to judge whether anticoagulation is needed only according to D-dimer levels. However, the abnormal changes of D-dimer and inflammatory factors suggest that anticoagulant therapy might be needed."}, {"pmid": 32505678, "title": "Adapting vascular surgery practice to the current COVID-19 era at a tertiary academic center in Madrid.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Valdivia, Andres Reyes", "Sanus, Enrique Aracil", "Santos, Africa Duque", "Olmos, Cristina Gomez", "Alguacil, Sergio Gordillo", "El Amrani, Mehdi", "Guaita, Julia Ocana", "Zuniga, Claudio Gandarias"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505678", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic potential of Coronavirus infection is now a reality. Since the first case detected in late 2019 in China a fast-world-wide expansion confirms it. The vascular patient is at a higher risk of developing a severe form of the disease due to its nature associating several comorbid states and thus, some Vascular Surgery communities from many countries have tried to stratify patients into those requiring care during these uncertain times. Observational study describing the current daily vascular surgery practice at one tertiary academic hospital in Madrid region, Spain; one of the most affected regions worldwide due to the COVID-19 outbreak. We analyzed our surgical practice since March 14th when the lockdown was declared up to date, May 14th (2 months). Procedural surgical practice, organizational issues, early outcomes and all the troubles encountered during this new situation are described. Our department is composed of 10 vascular surgeons and 4 trainees. Surgical practice has been reduced to only urgent care, totaling 50 repairs on 45 patients during the time period. Five surgeries were performed on 3 COVID-19 positive patients. Sixty percent were due to CLI, 45% of them performed by complete endovascular approach; whereas less than 10% of repairs were aorta related. We were allocated to use a total of 5 surgical rooms in different locations, none our usual, as it was converted into an ICU room while performing 50% of those repairs with unusual nursery staff. The COVID-19 outbreak has dramatically changed our organization and practice in favor of urgent or semi-urgent surgical care alone. The lack for in-hospital/ICU beds and changing nursery staff changed the whole availability organization at our hospital and was a key factor in surgical decision making in some cases."}, {"pmid": 32505910, "title": "Novel therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2-induced acute lung injury: Targeting a potential IL-1beta/neutrophil extracellular traps feedback loop.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Yaqinuddin, Ahmed", "Kashir, Junaid"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505910", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most COVID-19 infected individuals present with mild flu-like symptoms; however, 5-10% of cases suffer from life-threatening pneumonia and respiratory failure. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and its pathology of associated acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, coagulopathy and multiorgan failure is not known. SARS-CoV-2 is an envelope virus with S (spike), M (membrane), N (nucleocapsid) and E (envelop) proteins. In a closely related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the transmembrane E protein exerts an important role in membrane-ionic transport through viroporins, deletion of which reduced levels of IL-1\u03b2 and a remarkably reduced lung edema compared to wild type. IL-1\u03b2 is generated by macrophages upon activation of intracellular NLRP3 (NOD-like, leucine rich repeat domains, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3), part of the functional NLRP3 inflammasome complex that detects pathogenic microorganisms and stressors, while neutrophils are enhanced by increasing levels of IL-1\u03b2. Expiring neutrophils undergo \"NETosis\", producing thread-like extracellular structures termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which protect against mild infections and microbes. However, uncontrolled NET production can cause acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), coagulopathy, multiple organ failure, and autoimmune disease. Herein, we present arguments underlying our hypothesis that IL-1\u03b2 and NETs, mediated via NLRP3 inflammasomes, form a feed-forward loop leading to the excessive alveolar and endothelial damage observed in severe cases of COVID-19. Considering such assertions, we propose potential drug candidates that could be used to alleviate such pathologies. Considering that recent efforts to ascertain effective treatments of COVID-19 in severe patients has been less than successful, investigating novel avenues of treating this virus are essential."}, {"pmid": 32375446, "title": "[Individualized treatment recommendations for lung cancer patients at different stages of treatment during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease].", "journal": "Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhao, Z", "Bai, H", "Duan, J C", "Wang, J"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375446", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In order to achieve the overall victory over 2019 novel coronavirus disease epidemic, especially to prevent the disease recurrence from rebounding during the resumption of labor, the government has not loosened any control of personnel mobility, which has obviously affected the normal examination and treatment of lung cancer patients under the influence of this epidemic. During the epidemic period, cancer patients with low immunity levels face the double ordeals of disease and epidemic situation. Compared with the general population, they are more likely to be infected with the new coronavirus. Among the infected cancer patients, lung cancer is the most common type. It is necessary to provide more appropriate individualized treatment recommendations for patients with lung cancer based on the epidemic situation of the patient's location and in combination with the patient's own condition. Through active prevention of infection, timely conversion of treatment strategies, online and offline joint control, and positive psychological counseling, we do our best to help patients with lung cancer to survive this difficult period."}, {"pmid": 32417872, "title": "Probable Exit Strategy Against COVID-19 of Low Resource Country like Nepal: Open Floor Discussion.", "journal": "JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc", "authors": ["Rajbhandari, Bibek", "Gurung, Minani", "Poudel, Lisasha", "Shrestha, Archana", "Karmacharya, Biraj Man"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417872", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lockdown is essential for containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. It is the best measure to maintain extreme social distancing which has been effective in controlling the infection and saving lives. But they are causing huge loss economically, disrupting social life and causing distress around the world. Reopening too quickly or too boldly without a goal-oriented strategy could mean a second wave of infection as fierce or even worse as the first. The fundamentals of the virus remain the same - one infected person will, without a lockdown pass it onto three others on average. The consequences of lifting the lockdown are unforeseeable and the stakes are high. Due to the different spectrum of severity with same strain of virus and uncertainty of post lockdown era, lifting the lockdown will be a trial and error approach. Nevertheless, at some point the lockdown has to be lifted. The strategic approach would be innumerable testing, investigations, strong contact tracing, isolation and follow-up. In a low-income country like Nepal, this will mean negotiating a tricky balance between terminating the spread of SARS-CoV-2, and allowing people to recover their livelihoods before they slip into extreme poverty and anguish."}, {"pmid": 32482781, "title": "Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Novi, Giovanni", "Rossi, Tommaso", "Pedemonte, Enrico", "Saitta, Laura", "Rolla, Claudia", "Roccatagliata, Luca", "Inglese, Matilde", "Farinini, Daniele"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482781", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476600, "title": "Contact tracing: a lesson from the Nipah virus in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Trop Doct", "authors": ["Wilson, Arun", "Warrier, Anup", "Rathish, Balram"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476600", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Without a vaccine or proven therapeutic options in COVID-19, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a combination of measures: rapid diagnosis and immediate isolation of cases; rigorous contact tracing; and precautionary self-isolation of close contacts to curb the spread of COVID-19. During a Nipah outbreak in Kerala, India in 2019, it was confined to a single case. The authors were involved in the in-hospital contact tracing. With a single patient producing a contact list of 98 in a healthcare setting, the implications in a community setting during a pandemic of the scale of COVID-19 are huge but it proves that early and rigorous tracing with quarantining is an effective strategy to limit clusters. We believe that if the public is encouraged to maintain their own contact list on a daily basis, it would help in significantly reducing the time and effort invested into contact tracing in the event of a person contracting COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32382141, "pmcid": "PMC7205024", "title": "Surgeon's protection during ophthalmic surgery in the Covid-19 era: a novel fitted drape for ophthalmic operating microscopes.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Anguita, Rodrigo", "Tossounis, Harry", "Mehat, Manjit", "Eames, Ian", "Wickham, Louisa"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531036, "title": "Public health in the eye of the storm: what can we learn from the COVID-19 pandemic experience to strengthen public health services in Europe?", "journal": "Eur J Public Health", "authors": ["Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha", "Kluge, Hans Henri P"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531036", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449669, "title": "A perspective on modern advances for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) therapeutics.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Lakhanpal, Amit", "Brahn, Ernest"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449669", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467287, "title": "Shielding from covid-19 should be stratified by risk.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Smith, George Davey", "Spiegelhalter, David"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467287", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479893, "pmcid": "PMC7258829", "title": "Ivermectin: repurposing a multipurpose drug for Venezuela's humanitarian crisis.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Perez-Garcia, Luis A", "Mejias-Carpio, Isis E", "Delgado-Noguera, Lourdes A", "Manzanarez-Motezuma, Jean P", "Escalona-Rodriguez, Maria A", "Sordillo, Emilia M", "Mogollon-Rodriguez, Euler A", "Hernandez-Pereira, Carlos E", "Marquez-Colmenarez, Marilianna C", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto E"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479893", "countries": ["Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For decades, Ivermectin (IVM) has been recognized as a robust antiparasitic drug with excellent tolerance and safety profiles. Historically it has been used as the drug of choice for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis global elimination programs. IVM is also a standard treatment against intestinal helminths and ectoparasites given its action as an oral insecticide. The current humanitarian crisis in Venezuela is a regional public health threat that requires immediate action. Venezuela's public health system has now crumbled due to a 70% shortage of medicines in public hospitals, low vaccination campaigns, and the massive exodus of medical personnel. Herein we discuss the repurposing of IVM to attenuate the burden imposed by the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Venezuela including soil-transmitted helminths, ectoparasites and, possibly, vector-borne diseases such as malaria. Additionally, novel experimental evidence has shown that IVM is active and efficacious against Chagas disease, Leishmaniases, arboviruses, and SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. In crisis-hit Venezuela, all of the aforementioned infectious diseases are public health emergencies that have been long ignored and that also require immediate attention. IVM's versatile nature could serve as a powerful tool to tackle the multiple overlapping endemic and emergent diseases that affect Venezuela today. The repurposing of this multipurpose drug would be without a doubt a timely therapeutical approach to help mitigate the tremendous burden of NTDs nationwide."}, {"pmid": 32362243, "pmcid": "PMC7232883", "title": "Identification of new anti-nCoV drug chemical compounds from Indian spices exploiting SARS-CoV-2 main protease as target.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Umesh", "Kundu, Debanjan", "Selvaraj, Chandrabose", "Singh, Sanjeev Kumar", "Dubey, Vikash Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362243", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV) has caused a global health crisis by causing coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic in the human population. The unavailability of specific vaccines and anti-viral drug for nCoV, science demands sincere efforts in the field of drug design and discovery for COVID-19. The novel coronavirus main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) play a crucial role during the disease propagation, and hence SARS-CoV-2 Mpro represents as a drug target for the drug discovery. Herein, we have applied bioinformatics approach for screening of chemical compounds from Indian spices as potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDBID: 6Y84). The structure files of Indian spices chemical compounds were taken from PubChem database or Zinc database and screened by molecular docking, by using AutoDock-4.2, MGLTools-1.5.6, Raccoon virtual screening tools. Top 04 hits based on their highest binding affinity were analyzed. Carnosol exhibited highest binding affinity -8.2\u2009Kcal/mol and strong and stable interactions with the amino acid residues present on the active site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Arjunglucoside-I (-7.88\u2009Kcal/mol) and Rosmanol (-7.99\u2009Kcal/mol) also showed a strong and stable binding affinity with favourable ADME properties. These compounds on MD simulations for 50ns shows strong hydrogen-bonding interactions with the protein active site and remains stable inside the active site. Our virtual screening results suggest that these small chemical molecules can be used as potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and may have an anti-viral effect on nCoV. However, further validation and investigation of these inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 main protease are needed to claim their candidacy for clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32320506, "pmcid": "PMC7264594", "title": "Early Self-Proning in Awake, Non-intubated Patients in the Emergency Department: A Single ED's Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Caputo, Nicholas D", "Strayer, Reuben J", "Levitan, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320506", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prolonged and unaddressed hypoxia can lead to poor patient outcomes. Proning has become a standard treatment in the management of patients with ARDS who have difficulty achieving adequate oxygen saturation. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of early proning of awake, non-intubated patients in the emergency department (ED) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This pilot study was carried out in a single urban ED in New York City. We included patients suspected of having COVID-19 with hypoxia on arrival. A standard pulse oximeter was used to measure SpO2 . SpO2 measurements were recorded at triage and after 5\u00a0minutes of proning. Supplemental oxygenation methods included non-rebreather mask (NRB) and nasal cannula. We also characterized post-proning failure rates of intubation within the first 24\u00a0hours of arrival to the ED. Fifty patients were included. Overall, the median SpO2 at triage was 80% (IQR 69 to 85). After application of supplemental oxygen was given to patients on room air it was 84% (IQR 75 to 90). After 5\u00a0minutes of proning was added SpO2 improved to 94% (IQR 90 to 95). Comparison of the pre- to post-median by the Wilcoxon Rank-sum test yielded P\u00a0=\u00a00.001. Thirteen patients (24%) failed to improve or maintain their oxygen saturations and required endotracheal intubation within 24\u00a0hours of arrival to the ED. Awake early self-proning in the emergency department demonstrated improved oxygen saturation in our COVID-19 positive patients. Further studies are needed to support causality and determine the effect of proning on disease severity and mortality."}, {"pmid": 32330546, "pmcid": "PMC7173810", "title": "Inpatient Use of Ambulatory Telemetry Monitors for COVID-19 Patients Treated with Hydroxychloroquine and/or Azithromycin.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Chang, David", "Saleh, Moussa", "Gabriels, James", "Ismail, Haisam", "Goldner, Bruce", "Willner, Jonathan", "Beldner, Stuart", "Mitra, Raman", "John, Roy", "Epstein, Laurence M"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330546", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32009128, "title": "History is repeating itself: Probable zoonotic spillover as the cause of the 2019 novel Coronavirus Epidemic", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Balbin-Ramon, Graciela Josefina", "Rabaan, Ali A", "Sah, Ranjit", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto", "Pagliano, Pasquale", "Esposito, Silvano"], "date": "2020-02-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32009128", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pathogen transmission from a vertebrate animal to a human, also known as zoonotic spillover, represents a global public health burden, which while associated with multiple outbreaks, still remains a poorly understood phenomenon. Coronaviruses, like influenza viruses, circulate in nature in various animal species. Alpha-coronaviruses and beta-coronaviruses can infect mammals and gamma-coronaviruses and delta-coronaviruses tend to infect birds, but some of them can also be transmitted to mammals. Although still preliminary, current data suggest that bats are the most probable initial source of the current 2019 novel CoV (2019nCoV) outbreak, that begun on December 2019 in Wuhan, China, apparently spreading from a \"wet market\" to multiple cities and provinces in China. This epidemic of 2019nCoV, already reaching more than 6,000 cases to-day (end of January 2020) (>90% in China), will not be the last one linked to zoonotic spillover events."}, {"pmid": 32215647, "title": "Management of Critically Ill Adults With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Poston, Jason T", "Patel, Bhakti K", "Davis, Andrew M"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215647", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32078809, "pmcid": "PMC7128260", "title": "Outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Burki, Talha"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32078809", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314699, "pmcid": "PMC7253125", "title": "Case Report: The Importance of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Coinfection with Other Respiratory Pathogens in the Current Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Khaddour, Karam", "Sikora, Anna", "Tahir, Nayha", "Nepomuceno, Daniel", "Huang, Tian"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314699", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The early shortage of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) tests in the United States led many hospitals to first screen for common respiratory pathogens, and only if this screen was negative to proceed with COVID-19 testing. We report a case of a 56-year-old woman with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) coinfection with group A Streptococcus. The initial testing strategy resulted in delays in both diagnosis and implementation of appropriate precautions. Underlined is the importance of testing for both SARS-CoV-2 and other common respiratory pathogens during the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32404666, "pmcid": "PMC7268857", "title": "Prehabilitation Telemedicine in Neoadjuvant Surgical Oncology Patients During the Novel COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Sell, Naomi M", "Silver, Julie K", "Rando, Stephanie", "Draviam, Ashley C", "Mina, Daniel Santa", "Qadan, Motaz"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404666", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530582, "title": "COVID-19 in Care Home Settings.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Yahya, Ahmed Saeed", "Khawaja, Shakil"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530582", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405877, "pmcid": "PMC7218701", "title": "A Review: Does Complement or the Contact System Have a Role in Protection or Pathogenesis of COVID-19?", "journal": "Pulm Ther", "authors": ["Maglakelidze, Natella", "Manto, Kristen M", "Craig, Timothy J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405877", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 presentation may include a profound increase in cytokines and associated pneumonia, rapidly progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This so-called cytokine storm often leads to refractory edema, respiratory arrest, and death. At present, anti-IL-6, antiviral therapy, convalescent plasma, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin among others are being investigated as potential treatments for COVID-19. As the disease etiology and precise therapeutic interventions are still not definitively defined, we wanted to review the roles that complement and the contact system may have in either the treatment or pathogenesis of the disease. We searched the recent literature (PubMed) on complement and coronavirus; contact system and coronavirus; bradykinin and coronavirus; and angiotensin receptor and coronavirus. The manuscript complies with ethics guidelines and was deemed exempt from institutional review board approval according to Human Subjects Protection Office guidelines. Mouse models are available for the study of coronavirus and complement. Although complement is effective in protecting against many viruses, it does not seem to be protective against coronavirus. C3 knockout mice infected with SARS-CoV had less lung disease than wild-type mice, suggesting that complement may play a role in coronavirus pathogenesis. Some evidence suggests that the observed pulmonary edema may be bradykinin-induced and could be the reason that corticosteroids, antihistamines, and other traditional interventions for edema are not effective. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and studies thus far have not concluded a benefit or risk associated with the use of either ACE-inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonists. Activation of complement and the contact system, through generation of bradykinin, may play a role in the SARS-CoV-2-induced pulmonary edema, and our search suggests that further work is necessary to confirm our suspicions."}, {"pmid": 32311462, "pmcid": "PMC7165084", "title": "On the molecular determinants of the SARS-CoV-2 attack.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Kanduc, Darja", "Shoenfeld, Yehuda"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311462", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339041, "title": "COVID 19 and its mental health consequences.", "journal": "J Ment Health", "authors": ["Kumar, Anant", "Nayar, K Rajasekharan"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339041", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520683, "title": "Review on the clinical pharmacology of hydroxychloroquine sulfate for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Curr Drug Metab", "authors": ["Cui, Cheng", "Tu, Siqi", "En, Valerie Sia Jie", "Li, Xiaobei", "Yao, Xueting", "Li, Haiyan", "Liu, Dongyang"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520683", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infected people is skyrocketing worldwide, the international medical situation becomes very serious. Potential therapeutic drugs, vaccine and stem cell replacement methods are emerging, it is urgent to find specific therapeutic drugs and the best treatment regimens. After the publication of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with anti-SARS-COV-2 activity in vitro, a small, non-randomized, open-label clinical trial showed that HCQ treatment was significantly associated with reduced viral load in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Meanwhile, a large prophylaxis study of HCQ sulfate for COVID-19 has been initiated in the United States. HCQ offered a promising efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19, but the optimal administration is still being explored. Use the keyword 'Hydroxychloroquine' to conduct a literature search in PubMed to collect relevant literature on the mechanism of action of HCQ, clinical efficacy and safety, pharmacokinetic characteristics, precautions for clinical use and drug interactions, and extract and organize information. This paper reviews the mechanism, clinical efficacy and safety, pharmacokinetic characteristics, exposure-response relationship and precautions and drug interactions of HCQ, and summarized dosage recommendations for HCQ sulfate. It has been proved that HCQ, which has an established safety profile, is effective against SARS-CoV-2 with sufficient pre-clinical rationale and evidence. Data from high-quality clinical trials are urgently needed worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32522223, "title": "A moonshot approach toward the management of cancer patients in the COVID-19 time: what have we learned and what could the Italian network of cancer centers (Alliance Against Cancer, ACC) do after the pandemic wave?", "journal": "J Exp Clin Cancer Res", "authors": ["Silvestris, Nicola", "Apolone, Giovanni", "Botti, Gerardo", "Ciliberto, Gennaro", "Costantini, Massimo", "De Paoli, Paolo", "Franceschi, Silvia", "Opocher, Giuseppe", "Paradiso, Angelo", "Pronzato, Paolo", "Sgambato, Alessandro", "De Maria, Ruggero"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522223", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "If we focus our attention on seven main features of COVID-19 infection (heterogeneity, fragility, lack of effective treatments and vaccines, \"miraculous cures\", psychological suffering, deprivation, and globalization), we may establish parallelism with the challenges faced in the steep road to the understanding and treatment of neoplastic diseases. How the similarities between these two conditions can help us cope with the emergency effort represented by the management of cancer patients in the COVID-19 era, today and in the future? In a manner similar to the Cancer Moonshot initiative in the United States, we can hypothesize a multinational moonshot project towards the management of cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, we believe that the main road to elaborate meaningful scientific evidence is represented by the collection of all the data on COVID-19 and cancer comorbidity that are and will become available in cancer centers, coupled with the design of large clinical studies. To address this goal, it is essential to identify the entity that can produce this scientific evidences and the potentially most successful research strategy to undertake. The largest Italian organization for cancer research, Alliance Against Cancer (Alleanza Contro il Cancro, ACC), is called to play a scientific leadership in addressing these challenges, which requires the coordination of oncology teams at regional, national, and international levels. To fulfill this commitment, ACC will create a liaison with health government agencies in order to develop \"dynamic\" indications able to fight such an unpredictable pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32374823, "title": "COVID-2019 associated overexpressed Prevotella proteins mediated host-pathogen interactions and their role in coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Bioinformatics", "authors": ["Khan, Abdul Arif", "Khan, Zakir"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374823", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-2019 initiated at Wuhan, China has become a global threat by rapid transmission and severe fatalities. Recent studies have uncovered whole genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 (causing COVID-2019). In addition, lung metagenomic studies on infected patients revealed overrepresented Prevotella spp. producing certain proteins in abundance. We performed host-pathogen protein-protein interaction analysis between SARS-CoV-2 and overrepresented Prevotella proteins with human proteome. We also performed functional overrepresentation analysis of interacting proteins to understand their role in COVID-2019 severity. It was found that over-expressed Prevotella proteins can promote viral infection. As per the results, Prevotella proteins, but not viral proteins are involved in multiple interactions with NF-kB, which is involved in increasing clinical severity of COVID-2019. Prevotella may have role in COVID-2019 outbreak and should be given importance for understanding disease mechanisms and improving treatment outcomes. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online."}, {"pmid": 32474559, "title": "Contact lens use at the time of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic for healthcare workers.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Bhargava, Raghav"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474559", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319971, "title": "Anosmia as a prominent symptom of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Rhinology", "authors": ["Heidari, F", "Karimi, E", "Firouzifar, M", "Khamushian, P", "Ansari, R", "Mohammadi Ardehali, M", "Heidari, F"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319971", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "United Kingdom", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to WHO recommendations, everyone must protect themselves against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which will also protect others. Due to the lack of current effective treatment and vaccine for COVID-19, screening, rapid diagnosis and isolation of the patients are essential (1, 2). Therefore, identifying the early symptoms of COVID-19 is of particular importance and is a health system priority. Early studies from COVID-19 outbreak in China have illustrated several non-specific signs and symptoms in infected patients, including fever, dry cough, dyspnea, myalgia, fatigue, lymphopenia, and radiographic evidence of pneumonia (3, 4). Recently, a probability of association between COVID-19 and altered olfactory function has been reported in South Korea, Iran, Italy, France, UK and the United States (5-8). However, to our knowledge, the definite association between COVID-19 and anosmia has not been published."}, {"pmid": 32416207, "pmcid": "PMC7235584", "title": "The risk of respiratory tract infections and symptoms in psoriasis patients treated with IL-17-pathway inhibiting biologics: A meta-estimate of pivotal trials relevant to decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Wan, Marilyn T", "Shin, Daniel B", "Winthrop, Kevin L", "Gelfand, Joel M"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416207", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374373, "pmcid": "PMC7239221", "title": "Multivessel coronary thrombosis in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Dominguez-Erquicia, Pablo", "Dobarro, David", "Raposeiras-Roubin, Sergio", "Bastos-Fernandez, Guillermo", "Iniguez-Romo, Andres"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374373", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223870, "pmcid": "PMC7234709", "title": "Keeping the Fire House Running: A Proposed Approach to Mitigate Spread of COVID-19 Among Public Safety Personnel.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Katzer, Robert J"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223870", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445924, "pmcid": "PMC7239005", "title": "Overwhelming mutations or SNPs of SARS-CoV-2: A point of caution.", "journal": "Gene", "authors": ["Vankadari, Naveen"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445924", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The morbidity of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is reaching 3 Million landmark causing and a serious public health concern globally and it is enigmatic how several antiviral and antibody treatments were not effective in the different period across the globe. With the drastic increasing number of positive cases around the world WHO raised the importance in the assessment of the risk of spread and understanding genetic modifications that could have occurred in the SARS-CoV-2. Using all available deep sequencing data of complete genome from all over the world (NCBI repository), we identified several hundreds of point mutations or SNPs in SARS-CoV-2 all across the genome. This could be the cause for the constant change and differed virulence with an increase in mortality and morbidity. Among the 12 different countries (one sequence from each country) with complete genome sequencing data, we noted the 47 key point mutations or SNPs located along the entire genome that might have impact in the virulence and response to different antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, key viral proteins of spike glycoprotein, Nsp1, RdRp and the ORF8 region got heavily mutated within these 3 months via person-to-person passage. We also discuss what could be the possible cause of this rapid mutation in the SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32302989, "pmcid": "PMC7164398", "title": "Editorial. COVID-19 and spinal surgery.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Spine", "authors": ["Ghogawala, Zoher", "Kurpad, Shekar", "Falavigna, Asdrubal", "Groff, Michael W", "Sciubba, Daniel M", "Wu, Jau-Ching", "Park, Paul", "Berven, Sigurd", "Hoh, Daniel J", "Bisson, Erica F", "Steinmetz, Michael P", "Wang, Marjorie C", "Chou, Dean", "Sansur, Charles A", "Smith, Justin S", "Tumialan, Luis M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302989", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281555, "pmcid": "PMC7153961", "title": "The Fast Territorial Expansion of COVID-19 in Spain.", "journal": "J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Perez-Bermejo, Marcelino", "Murillo-Llorente, Maria Teresa"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281555", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418066, "pmcid": "PMC7229433", "title": "Correction to: Venous thromboembolism and heparin use in COVID-19 patients: juggling between pragmatic choices, suggestions of medical societies and the lack of guidelines.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Porfidia, Angelo", "Pola, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418066", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the original version of the article, the article title was processed incorrectly. The correct article title is \"Venous Thromboembolism and Heparin Use in COVID-19 Patients: Juggling between Pragmatic Choices, Suggestions of Medical Societies and the Lack of Guidelines\". This has been corrected with this erratum and the original article has also been updated to reflect the change in article title."}, {"pmid": 32243945, "pmcid": "PMC7195335", "title": "Treatment With Convalescent Plasma for Critically Ill Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Zhang, Bin", "Liu, Shuyi", "Tan, Tan", "Huang, Wenhui", "Dong, Yuhao", "Chen, Luyan", "Chen, Qiuying", "Zhang, Lu", "Zhong, Qingyang", "Zhang, Xiaoping", "Zou, Yujian", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243945", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 24, 2020, novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for 379,661 infection cases with 16,428 deaths globally, and the number is still increasing rapidly. Herein, we present four critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who received supportive care and convalescent plasma. Although all four patients (including a pregnant woman) recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection eventually, randomized trials are needed to eliminate the effect of other treatments and investigate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy."}, {"pmid": 32004427, "pmcid": "PMC7092802", "title": "First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Holshue, Michelle L", "DeBolt, Chas", "Lindquist, Scott", "Lofy, Kathy H", "Wiesman, John", "Bruce, Hollianne", "Spitters, Christopher", "Ericson, Keith", "Wilkerson, Sara", "Tural, Ahmet", "Diaz, George", "Cohn, Amanda", "Fox, LeAnne", "Patel, Anita", "Gerber, Susan I", "Kim, Lindsay", "Tong, Suxiang", "Lu, Xiaoyan", "Lindstrom, Steve", "Pallansch, Mark A", "Weldon, William C", "Biggs, Holly M", "Uyeki, Timothy M", "Pillai, Satish K"], "date": "2020-02-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32004427", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) that began in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly, with cases now confirmed in multiple countries. We report the first case of 2019-nCoV infection confirmed in the United States and describe the identification, diagnosis, clinical course, and management of the case, including the patient's initial mild symptoms at presentation with progression to pneumonia on day 9 of illness. This case highlights the importance of close coordination between clinicians and public health authorities at the local, state, and federal levels, as well as the need for rapid dissemination of clinical information related to the care of patients with this emerging infection."}, {"pmid": 32459832, "title": "Importance of Pediatric Inclusion in COVID-19 Therapeutic Trials.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Raabe, Vanessa N", "Lighter, Jennifer", "Caplan, Arthur L", "Ratner, Adam J"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459832", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pediatric patients are excluded from most COVID-19 therapeutic trials. We outline a rationale for the inclusion of children in COVID-19 therapeutic trials with enabled us to include children of all ages in a therapeutic COVID-19 trial at our institution."}, {"pmid": 32514563, "title": "Anticovid, a comprehensive open-access real-time platform of registered clinical studies for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan", "Lescure, Francois-Xavier", "Sallard, Erwan", "Ravaud, Philippe", "Vegreville, Bruno", "Zeitoun, Jean-David"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514563", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468632, "title": "Olfactory dysfunction in recovered COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Li, Jingwen", "Long, Xi", "Zhu, Chunli", "Wang, Hengmin", "Wang, Tao", "Lin, Zhicheng", "Li, Jinghong", "Xiong, Nian"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468632", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523709, "pmcid": "PMC7262737", "title": "Canadian Society of Nephrology COVID-19 Rapid Response Team Home Dialysis Recommendations.", "journal": "Can J Kidney Health Dis", "authors": ["Copland, Michael", "Hemmett, Juliya", "MacRae, Jennifer M", "McCormick, Brendan", "McCormick, Michael", "Qirjazi, Elena", "Singh, Rajinder S", "Zimmerman, Deborah"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523709", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper will provide guidance on how to best manage patients with end-stage kidney disease who will be or are being treated with home dialysis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Program-specific documents, pre-existing, and related to COVID-19; documents from national and international kidney agencies; national and international webinars, including webinars that we hosted for input and feedback; with additional information from formal and informal review of published academic literature. Members of the Canadian Society of Nephrology (CSN) Board of Directors solicited a team of clinicians and administrators with expertise in home dialysis. Specific COVID-19-related themes in home dialysis were determined by the Canadian senior renal leaders community of practice, a group compromising medical and administrative leaders of provincial and health authority renal programs. We then developed consensus-based recommendations virtually by the CSN work-group with input from ethicists with nephrology training. The recommendations were further reviewed by community nephrologists and over a CSN-sponsored webinar, attended by 225 kidney health care professionals, for further peer input. The final consensus recommendations also incorporated review by the editors at the Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease (CJKHD). We identified 7 broad areas of home dialysis practice management that may be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) peritoneal dialysis catheter placement, (2) home dialysis training, (3) home dialysis management, (4) personal protective equipment, (5) product delivery, (6) minimizing direct health care provider and patient contact, and (7) assisted peritoneal dialysis in the community. We make specific suggestions and recommendations for each of these areas. This suggestions and recommendations in this paper are expert opinion, and subject to the biases associated with this level of evidence. To expedite the publication of this work, a parallel review process was created that may not be as robust as standard arms' length peer-review processes. These recommendations are intended to provide the best care possible during a time of altered priorities and reduced resources."}, {"pmid": 32327904, "pmcid": "PMC7167410", "title": "SARS-COV-2 infection (coronavirus disease 2019) for the gastrointestinal consultant.", "journal": "World J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Hajifathalian, Kaveh", "Mahadev, Srihari", "Schwartz, Robert E", "Shah, Shawn", "Sampath, Kartik", "Schnoll-Sussman, Felice", "Brown, Robert S Jr", "Carr-Locke, David", "Cohen, David E", "Sharaiha, Reem Z"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327904", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has caused an extreme burden for health care systems globally, and the number of cases is expected to continue to increase, at least in the immediate future. The virus is estimated to have infected more than 1.5 million individuals. The available reports suggest that gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is common and in some cases the GI symptoms may precede the respiratory symptoms. In addition to direct effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the infected patients remain at risk for the complications commonly managed by gastroenterology and hepatology consultants. The most commonly reported GI manifestation of COVID-19 is diarrhea, which is reported in a third to up to more than half of the patients. Mild to moderate elevation of the liver enzymes are also common, although no case of acute liver failure has been reported so far. Many of the medications used for treatment of COVID-19 can also be associated with GI symptoms or liver injury and can be included in the differential diagnosis in these patients. Although the diagnosis of the infection is currently based on RNA analysis in respiratory samples, the available literature on fecal shedding of this virus suggests that fecal RNA testing might prove to be a useful diagnostic test. It is reasonable to delay all non-urgent endoscopic procedures during the peak of the pandemic and use additional protective equipment such as N95 respirators during endoscopy while most patients can be considered high risk for having been exposed to the virus."}, {"pmid": 32405151, "pmcid": "PMC7219424", "title": "Mental health of scientists in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Chan, Christine", "Oey, Nicodemus Edrick", "Tan, Eng-King"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405151", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265180, "pmcid": "PMC7138183", "title": "Genotype and phenotype of COVID-19: Their roles in pathogenesis.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Mousavizadeh, Leila", "Ghasemi, Sorayya"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265180", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus with an outbreak of unusual viral pneumonia in Wuhan, China, and then pandemic. Based on its phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures the COVID-19 belongs to genera Betacoronavirus. Human Betacoronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV) have many similarities, but also have differences in their genomic and phenotypic structure that can influence their pathogenesis. COVID-19 is containing single-stranded (positive-sense) RNA associated with a nucleoprotein within a capsid comprised of matrix protein. A typical CoV contains at least six ORFs in its genome. All the structural and accessory proteins are translated from the sgRNAs of CoVs. Four main structural proteins are encoded by ORFs 10, 11 on the one-third of the genome near the 3'-terminus. The genetic and phenotypic structure of COVID-19 in pathogenesis is important. This article highlights the most important of these features compared to other Betacoronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32245830, "title": "Covid-19 worldwide: we need precise data by age group and sex urgently.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bhopal, Raj"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245830", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221118, "pmcid": "PMC7188059", "title": "Minimally Invasive Surgery and the Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Lessons Learned in China and Italy.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Zheng, Min Hua", "Boni, Luigi", "Fingerhut, Abe"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221118", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398299, "title": "To compare the incomparable: COVID-19 pneumonia and high altitude disease.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Strapazzon, Giacomo", "Hilty, Matthias P", "Bouzat, Pierre", "Pratali, Lorenza", "Brugger, Hermann", "Rauch, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398299", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374427, "pmcid": "PMC7267303", "title": "Expression of the COVID-19 receptor ACE2 in the human conjunctiva.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lange, Clemens", "Wolf, Julian", "Auw-Haedrich, Claudia", "Schlecht, Anja", "Boneva, Stefaniya", "Lapp, Thabo", "Horres, Ralf", "Agostini, Hansjurgen", "Martin, Gottfried", "Reinhard, Thomas", "Schlunck, Gunther"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374427", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is assumed to use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and other auxiliary proteins for cell entry. Recent studies have described conjunctival congestion in 0.8% of patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2, and there has been speculation that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through the conjunctiva. However, it is currently unclear whether conjunctival epithelial cells express ACE2 and its cofactors. In this study, a total of 38 conjunctival samples from 38 patients, including 12 healthy conjunctiva, 12 melanoma, 7 squamous cell carcinoma and 7 papilloma samples, were analyzed using high-throughput RNA sequencing to assess mRNA expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and its cofactors including TMPRSS2, ANPEP, DPP4, and ENPEP. ACE2 protein expression was assessed in eight healthy conjunctival samples using immunohistochemistry. Our results show that the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is not substantially expressed in conjunctival samples on the mRNA (median 0.0 transcripts per million (TPM), min 0.0 TPM, max 1.7 TPM) and protein levels. Similar results were obtained for the transcription of other auxiliary molecules. In conclusion, this study finds no evidence for a significant expression of ACE2 and its auxiliary mediators for cell entry in conjunctival samples, making conjunctival infection with SARS-CoV-2 via these mediators unlikely. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32510168, "title": "Clinical performance of different SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody tests.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kohmer, Niko", "Westhaus, Sandra", "Ruhl, Cornelia", "Ciesek, Sandra", "Rabenau, Holger F"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510168", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 serological assays are urgently needed for rapid diagnosis, contact tracing and for epidemiological studies. So far, there is limited data on how commercially available tests perform with real patient samples and if positive tested samples show neutralizing abilities. Focusing on IgG antibodies, we demonstrate the performance of two ELISA assays (Euroimmun SARS-CoV-2 IgG and Vircell COVID-19 ELISA IgG) in comparison to one lateral flow assay ((LFA) FaStep COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Device) and two in-house developed assays (immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT)). We tested follow up serum/plasma samples of individuals PCR-diagnosed with COVID-19. Most of the SARS-CoV-2 samples were from individuals with moderate to severe clinical course, who required an in-patient hospital stay. For all examined assays, the sensitivity ranged from 58.8 to 76.5% for the early phase of infection (days 5-9) and from 93.8 to 100% for the later period (days 10-18). With exception of one sample, all positive tested COVID-19 follow up-samples, using the commercially available assays examined (including the in-house developed IFA), demonstrated neutralizing properties in the PRNT. Regarding specificity, some samples of endemic coronavirus (HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infected individuals cross-reacted in the ELISA assays and IFA, in one case generating a false positive result. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32455147, "pmcid": "PMC7197542", "title": "C-Reactive Protein Level May Predict the Risk of COVID-19 Aggravation.", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Guyi", "Wu, Chenfang", "Zhang, Quan", "Wu, Fang", "Yu, Bo", "Lv, Jianlei", "Li, Yiming", "Li, Tiao", "Zhang, Siye", "Wu, Chao", "Wu, Guobao", "Zhong, Yanjun"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455147", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical findings indicated that a fraction of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients diagnosed as mild early may progress to severe cases. However, it is difficult to distinguish these patients in the early stage. The present study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of these patients, analyze related factors, and explore predictive markers of the disease aggravation. Clinical and laboratory data of nonsevere adult COVID-19 patients in Changsha, China, were collected and analyzed on admission. A logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the association between the disease aggravation and related factors. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was utilized to analyze the prognostic ability of C-reactive protein (CRP). About 7.7% (16/209) of nonsevere adult COVID-19 patients progressed to severe cases after admission. Compared with nonsevere patients, the aggravated patients had much higher levels of CRP (median [range], 43.8 [12.3-101.9] mg/L vs 12.1 [0.1-91.4] mg/L; P = .000). A regression analysis showed that CRP was significantly associated with aggravation of nonsevere COVID-19 patients, with an area under the curve of 0.844 (95% confidence interval, 0.761-0.926) and an optimal threshold value of 26.9 mg/L. CRP could be a valuable marker to anticipate the possibility of aggravation of nonsevere adult COVID-19 patients, with an optimal threshold value of 26.9 mg/L."}, {"pmid": 32425152, "title": "Medicines for the Treatment Of COVID-19: Awaiting the Evidence.", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Marto, Natalia", "Monteiro, Emilia C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425152", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the cause of Coronavirus Disease 2019, a new illness with no effective\u00a0treatment or vaccine that has reached pandemic proportions. In this document, we analyze how health authorities and agencies around\u00a0the world position themselves regarding the off-label use of repurposed drugs or new investigational drugs to treat Coronavirus Disease\u00a02019. We review the most promising candidate medicines, including available evidence, clinical recommendations and current options\u00a0for access. Our concluding remarks stress the importance of administering off-label and investigational drugs in the setting of clinical\u00a0trials, or at least in standardized scenarios, to generate as much scientific knowledge as achievable while engaging in the best efforts\u00a0to treat patients and save lives."}, {"pmid": 32418549, "title": "Epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Wei, Maoti", "Yang, Ning", "Wang, Fenghua", "Zhao, Guoping", "Gao, Hongwei", "Li, Yuming"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418549", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December, 2019, an infection outbreak occurred in Wuhan of unknown cause, which attracts intense attention. Shortly after the virus was identified with the name of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2), the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out and an information storm occurred. At that time, two important aspects: the stage and the links of epidemic, were unclear. Answers to the questions, what are the sources, how do infections occur, and who will be affected should be clarified as the outbreak continues to evolve. Furthermore, the epidemic process and the stage of epidemic should be explored and discussed. Based on information of SARS, middle east respiratory syndrome(MERS) and COVID-19, the links of epidemic (the sources, the routes of infection, and the susceptible population) will be discussed as well as the role of the natural and the social factors. Epidemiology characteristics of patients will be traced based on current information."}, {"pmid": 32312570, "pmcid": "PMC7151245", "title": "Extubation barrier drape to minimise droplet spread.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Patino Montoya, Miguel", "Chitilian, Hovig V"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312570", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492211, "title": "Lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon combination therapy may help shorten the duration of viral shedding in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study in two designated hospitals in Anhui, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zuo, Yan", "Liu, Yunlei", "Zhong, Qi", "Zhang, Ke", "Xu, Yuanhong", "Wang, Zhongxin"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492211", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prolonged viral shedding may pose a threat to the control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and data on the duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding are still limited, with the associated factors being unknown. All adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study in two designated hospitals during 21 January 2020-16 March 2020 in Anhui, China. In all patients, data on the duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding were analyzed by reviewing all RNA detection results during hospitalization. Additionally, demographic, clinical, treatment, laboratory and outcome data were also collected from electronic medical records. Factors associated with prolonged viral shedding were analyzed with the Cox proportional hazards model. Among 181 patients, the mean age was 44.3\u00b113.2 years, and 55.2% were male. The median duration of viral shedding from illness onset was 18.0 days (IQR 15.0-24.0). Prolonged viral shedding was associated with longer hospital stays (P<0.001) and higher medical costs (P<0.001). The severity of COVID-19 had nothing to do with prolonged shedding. Moreover, the median time from onset to antiviral treatment initiation was 5.0 days (IQR 3.0-7.0). Delayed antiviral treatment (HR 0.976 [95% CI, 0.962-0.990]) and lopinavir/ritonavir + IFN-\u03b1 combination therapy as the initial antiviral treatment (HR 1.649 [95% CI, 1.162-2.339]) were independent factors associated with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding. SARS-CoV-2 showed prolonged viral shedding, causing increased hospital stays and medical costs. Early initiation of lopinavir/ritonavir + IFN-\u03b1 combination therapy may help shorten the duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32349982, "title": "Systemic sclerosis and the COVID-19 pandemic: World Scleroderma Foundation preliminary advice for patient management.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Matucci-Cerinic, Marco", "Bruni, Cosimo", "Allanore, Yannick", "Clementi, Massimo", "Dagna, Lorenzo", "Damjanov, Nemanja S", "de Paulis, Amato", "Denton, Christopher P", "Distler, Oliver", "Fox, David", "Furst, Daniel E", "Khanna, Dinesh", "Krieg, Thomas", "Kuwana, Masataka", "Lee, Eun Bong", "Li, Mengtao", "Pillai, Shiv", "Wang, Yukai", "Zeng, Xiaofeng", "Taliani, Gloria"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349982", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the frequent presence of interstitial lung disease and widespread use of immunosuppressive treatment, systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients may be considered at risk for a more severe disease course and higher mortality when they develop Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infection. Therefore, with World Scleroderma Foundation endorsement, experts from different specialties including rheumatology, virology and clinical immunology gathered virtually to answer to the main practical clinical questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection coming from both patients and physicians. This preliminary advice is aligned with other national and international recommendations, adapted for SSc patients."}, {"pmid": 32401713, "pmcid": "PMC7211494", "title": "Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Kluge, Hans Henri P", "Wickramasinghe, Kremlin", "Rippin, Holly L", "Mendes, Romeu", "Peters, David H", "Kontsevaya, Anna", "Breda, Joao"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401713", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420936, "title": "Treatments for COVID-19: emerging drugs against the coronavirus.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Poti, Francesco", "Pozzoli, Cristina", "Adami, Maristella", "Poli, Enzo", "Costa, Lucio G"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420936", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak has been recognized as a global threat to public health. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and no effective therapies currently exist against this novel viral agent. Along with extensive public health measures, an unprecedented global effort in identifying effective drugs for the treatment is being implemented. Potential drug targets are emerging as the result of a fast-evolving understanding of SARS-CoV-2 virology, host response to the infection, and clinical course of the disease. This brief review focuses on the latest and most promising pharmacological treatments against COVID-19 currently under investigation and discuss their potential use based on either documented efficacy in similar viral infections, or their activity against inflammatory syndromes. Ongoing clinical trials are also emphasized."}, {"pmid": 32336577, "pmcid": "PMC7151412", "title": "Resilience of the restructured obstetric anaesthesia training program during the COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore.", "journal": "Int J Obstet Anesth", "authors": ["Lee, J S E", "Chan, J J I", "Ithnin, F", "Goy, R W L", "Sng, B L"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336577", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451194, "pmcid": "PMC7200381", "title": "Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure Reduces Conventional Imaging and Health Care Provider Exposure to COVID-19.", "journal": "Ultrasound Med Biol", "authors": ["Mongodi, Silvia", "Orlando, Anita", "Arisi, Eric", "Tavazzi, Guido", "Santangelo, Erminio", "Caneva, Luca", "Pozzi, Marco", "Pariani, Eleonora", "Bettini, Giada", "Maggio, Giuseppe", "Perlini, Stefano", "Preda, Lorenzo", "Iotti, Giorgio Antonio", "Mojoli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451194", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung ultrasound gained a leading position in the last year as an imaging technique for the assessment and management of patients with acute respiratory failure. In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), its role may be of further importance because it is performed bedside and may limit chest X-ray and the need for transport to radiology for computed tomography (CT) scan. Since February 21, we progressively turned into a coronavirus-dedicated intensive care unit and applied an ultrasound-based approach to avoid traditional imaging and limit contamination as much as possible. We performed a complete daily examination with lung ultrasound score computation and systematic search of complications (pneumothorax, ventilator-associated pneumonia); on-duty physicians were free to perform CT or chest X-ray when deemed indicated. We compared conventional imaging exams performed in the first 4 wk of the COVID-19 epidemic with those in the same time frame in 2019: there were 84 patients in 2020 and 112 in 2019; 64 and 22 (76.2% vs. 19.6%, p < 0.001) had acute respiratory failure, respectively, of which 55 (85.9%) were COVID-19 in 2020. When COVID-19 patients in 2020 were compared with acute respiratory failure patients in 2019, the median number of chest X-rays was 1.0 (1.0-2.0) versus 3.0 (1.0-4.0) (p\u202f=\u202f0.0098); 2 patients 2 (3.6%) versus 7 patients (31.8%) had undergone at least one thoracic CT scan (p\u202f=\u202f0.001). A self-imposed ultrasound-based approach reduces the number of chest X-rays and thoracic CT scans in COVID-19 patients compared with patients with standard acute respiratory failure, thus reducing the number of health care providers exposed to possible contamination and sparing personal protective equipment."}, {"pmid": 32323891, "pmcid": "PMC7264593", "title": "The need for neurologists in the care of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Sellner, J", "Taba, P", "Ozturk, S", "Helbok, R"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323891", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416535, "pmcid": "PMC7214292", "title": "Spillover of SARS-CoV-2 into novel wild hosts in North America: A conceptual model for perpetuation of the pathogen.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Franklin, Alan B", "Bevins, Sarah N"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416535", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is evidence that the current outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, is of animal origin. As with a number of zoonotic pathogens, there is a risk of spillover into novel hosts. Here, we propose a hypothesized conceptual model that illustrates the mechanism whereby the SARS-CoV-2 could spillover from infected humans to naive wildlife hosts in North America. This proposed model is premised on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from human feces through municipal waste water treatment plants into the natural aquatic environment where potential wildlife hosts become infected. We use the existing literature on human coronaviruses, including SARS CoV, to support the potential pathways and mechanisms in the conceptual model. Although we focus on North America, our conceptual model could apply to other parts of the globe as well."}, {"pmid": 32332875, "title": "COVID-19 Research in Brief: 18 April to 24 April, 2020.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Carvalho, Thiago"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332875", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387001, "pmcid": "PMC7192067", "title": "COVID-19 and potential global mortality - Revisited.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Grech, Victor"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387001", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224117, "pmcid": "PMC7267588", "title": "Evolving reporting criteria of COVID-19 in Taiwan during the epidemic.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Huang, Yhu-Chering", "Lee, Ping-Ing", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224117", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491034, "title": "Domestic violence in the COVID-19 pandemic: a forensic psychiatric perspective.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Telles, Lisieux E de Borba", "Valenca, Alexandre M", "Barros, Alcina J S", "da Silva, Antonio Geraldo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491034", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485214, "pmcid": "PMC7261104", "title": "American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Guidance for trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Bowman, Deborah"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485214", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391998, "title": "[The first 29 COVID-19-patients in a clinic: early experiences from a Dutch hospital].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Van der Moeren, N", "Talman, S", "van den Bijllaardt, W", "Kant, M", "Heukels, P", "Bentvelsen, R G", "Loth, D W"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391998", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Netherlands"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease is of pandemic proportions and reached the Netherlands on February 27 2020. Here we present the first Dutch cohort of 29 hospitalized patients during the first two weeks of the epidemic in the Netherlands. Demographic characteristics of patients, clinical presentation and course of disease up to the moment of analysis showed similarity with what has been described in Chinese and Italian literature. However the higher proportion of patients presenting with gastro-intestinal symptoms and the high number of patients with overweight and obesity stood out. Based on the experience in our hospital very early on in the epidemic COVID-19 impresses as a severe illness with risk of acute respiratory deterioration."}, {"pmid": 32515394, "title": "Mental health in the aftermath of COVID-19: A new normal.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Naqvi, Haider A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515394", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic with its subsequent mental health consequences has challenged the word view of most people. A genome typically of 26,000-32,000 bases long RNA has shut down the wheel of man made progress. The social isolation after the lock-down has not only led to economic difficulties but also adverse psychological reactions. The most common reaction is stress, anxiety and depression when faced with life-threatening circumstances. People have to deal with the imminent issue of death which is anxiety provoking in itself. This calls for dealing with the immediate mental health consequences with the aide of technological advancements as discussed in this write-up. A new inter-personal ethics need to emerge which is scientifically correct and in-line with age old values."}, {"pmid": 32480121, "pmcid": "PMC7255345", "title": "Loneliness: A signature mental health concern in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Killgore, William D S", "Cloonan, Sara A", "Taylor, Emily C", "Dailey, Natalie S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480121", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, most communities in the United States imposed stay-at-home orders to mitigate the spread of the novel coronavirus, potentially leading to chronic social isolation. During the third week of shelter-in-place guidelines, 1,013 U.S. adults completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale-3 and Public Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Loneliness was elevated, with 43% of respondents scoring above published cutoffs, and was strongly associated with greater depression and suicidal ideation. Loneliness is a critical public health concern that must be considered during the social isolation efforts to combat the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32371812, "pmcid": "PMC7236842", "title": "COVID-19, hypertension and angiotensin receptor-blocking drugs.", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Fernandez-Fernandez, Francisco Jose"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371812", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427142, "pmcid": "PMC7227490", "title": "Dietary habits in adults during quarantine in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Obes Med", "authors": ["Abbas, Ahmed M", "Kamel, Mark Mohsen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427142", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022Quarantine leads to stress condition that can change in dietary habits.\u2022Better dietary habits are critical to enhance the body's immune system against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32511802, "title": "Suicide Safety Planning During a Pandemic: The Implications of COVID-19 on Coping with a Crisis.", "journal": "Suicide Life Threat Behav", "authors": ["Pruitt, Larry D", "Mcintosh, Leidy S", "Reger, Greg"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511802", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358890, "pmcid": "PMC7262017", "title": "Cutaneous side-effects of the potential COVID-19 drugs.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Tursen, Umit", "Tursen, Belma", "Lotti, Torello"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358890", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 disease is a highly contagious and particularly popular problem in all countries. A variety of repurposed drugs and investigational drugs such as remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ritonavir, lopinavir, interferon-beta, and other potential drugs have been studied for COVID19 treatment. We reviewed the potential dermatological side-effects of these drugs."}, {"pmid": 32429705, "title": "COVID-19 and Nutrition: The Need for Initiatives to Promote Healthy Eating and Prevent Obesity in Childhood.", "journal": "Child Obes", "authors": ["Ribeiro, Karla Danielly da S", "Garcia, Ligia Rejane Siqueira", "Dametto, Juliana Fernandes Dos Santos", "Assuncao, Debora Gabriela Fernandes", "Maciel, Bruna Leal Lima"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429705", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387301, "pmcid": "PMC7202852", "title": "The CoV-2 outbreak: how hematologists could help to fight Covid-19.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Galimberti, Sara", "Baldini, Chiara", "Barate, Claudia", "Ricci, Federica", "Balducci, Serena", "Grassi, Susanna", "Ferro, Francesco", "Buda, Gabriele", "Benedetti, Edoardo", "Fazzi, Rita", "Baglietto, Laura", "Lucenteforte, Ersilia", "Di Paolo, Antonello", "Petrini, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387301", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a medical emergency, with 20 % of patients presenting with severe clinical manifestations. From the pathogenetic point of view, COVID-19 mimics two other well-known diseases characterized by cytokine storm and hyper-activation of the immune response, with consequent organ damage: acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Hematologists are confident with these situations requiring a prompt therapeutic approach for switching off the uncontrolled cytokine release; here, we discuss pros and cons of drugs that are already employed in hematology in the light of their possible application in COVID-19. The most promising drugs might be: Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, with a rapid and powerful anti-cytokine effect, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), with their good anti-inflammatory properties, and perhaps the anti-Cd26 antibody Begelomab. We also present immunological data from gene expression experiments where TKIs resulted effective anti-inflammatory and pro-immune drugs. A possible combined treatment algorithm for COVID-19 is here proposed."}, {"pmid": 32142621, "pmcid": "PMC7129735", "title": "Risk of COVID-19 for patients with cancer.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Wang, Hanping", "Zhang, Li"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142621", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479861, "pmcid": "PMC7258838", "title": "National outreach of telepalliative medicine volunteers for a New York City safety net system COVID-19 pandemic response.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Israilov, Sigal", "Krouss, Mona", "Zaurova, Milana", "Jalon, Hillary S", "Conley, Georgia", "Shulman, Pavel", "Ivanyuk, Marina", "Jalkut, Elizabeth", "Saladini-Aponte, Carla", "Sharma-Cooper, Haseen", "Smeltz, Robert", "Faillace, Robert T", "Wei, Eric K", "Cho, Hyung J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479861", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 surge in New York City created an increased demand for palliative care (PC) services. In staff-limited settings such as safety net systems, and amid growing reports of healthcare worker illness, leveraging help from less-affected areas around the country may provide an untapped source of support. A national social media outreach effort recruited 413 telepalliative medicine volunteers (TPMV). After expedited credentialing and onboarding of 67 TPMV, a 2-week pilot was initiated in partnership with five public health hospitals without any previous existing telehealth structure. The volunteers completed 109 PC consults in the pilot period. Survey feedback from TPMV and on-site PC providers was largely positive, with areas of improvement identified around electronic health record navigation and continuity of care. This was a successful, proof of concept, quality improvement initiative leveraging TPMV from across the nation for a PC pandemic response in a safety net system."}, {"pmid": 32499909, "pmcid": "PMC7250534", "title": "Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries?", "journal": "Clin Transl Allergy", "authors": ["Bousquet, Jean", "Anto, Josep M", "Iaccarino, Guido", "Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa", "Haahtela, Tari", "Anto, Aram", "Akdis, Cezmi A", "Blain, Hubert", "Canonica, G Walter", "Cardona, Victoria", "Cruz, Alvaro A", "Illario, Maddalena", "Ivancevich, Juan Carlos", "Jutel, Marek", "Klimek, Ludger", "Kuna, Piotr", "Laune, Daniel", "Larenas-Linnemann, Desiree", "Mullol, Joaquim", "Papadopoulos, Nikos G", "Pfaar, Oliver", "Samolinski, Boleslaw", "Valiulis, Arunas", "Yorgancioglu, Arzu", "Zuberbier, Torsten"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499909", "countries": ["Czechia", "Slovakia", "Germany", "Norway", "Poland", "Finland"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit."}, {"pmid": 32437918, "pmcid": "PMC7211655", "title": "Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Treated with Endovascular Repair in a Patient with Active COVID-19 Infection during the Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Shih, Michael", "Swearingen, Bruce", "Rhee, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437918", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a patient who presented with acute abdominal pain during the COVID-19 pandemic. His work-up revealed rupture of a 5.8\u00a0cm abdominal aortic aneurysm. He also had fever, cough, and shortness of breath and radiologic evidence of COVID-19 infection. After careful consideration, he underwent successful endovascular repair under local anesthesia with good short-term results."}, {"pmid": 32357307, "title": "Radiographic examination of the chest and COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann R Coll Surg Engl", "authors": ["Sayiner, A", "Cinkooglu, A", "Tasbakan, M S", "Basoglu, O K", "Ceylan, N", "Savas, R", "Bayraktaroglu, S", "Ozhan, M H"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357307", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374546, "title": "[Medical students at the bedside of COVID-19 patients : motivations and challenges].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Aebischer, Oriane", "Porret, Raphael", "Pawlowska, Victoria", "Barbier, Jeanne", "Caratsch, Leo", "Moreira De Jesus, Mike", "Castioni, Julien", "Kraege, Vanessa", "Bart, Pierre-Alexandre", "Mean, Marie", "Monti, Matteo", "Garnier, Antoine", "Vollenweider, Peter", "Gachoud, David"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374546", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is putting our healthcare system under exceptional pressure, given the number of affected patients. In a context of limited human healthcare resources, senior medical students represent a valuable workforce that can quickly be mobilized for patient care. This is the approach followed in Switzerland and other countries, in several outpatient structures or inpatient services, including the Department of Internal Medicine, of the Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV). In this article, we first give the floor to students who responded to our call. We conclude with important considerations in terms of students' clinical supervision. It is reminded that the involvement of students in the care of COVID-19 patients should only occur on a vo luntary basis."}, {"pmid": 32514227, "pmcid": "PMC7267582", "title": "Coercion or the social contract? COVID 19 and spatial (in)justice in African cities.", "journal": "City Soc (Wash)", "authors": ["Kihato, Caroline Wanjiku", "Landau, Loren B"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514227", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369584, "pmcid": "PMC7239180", "title": "Reply: Practical experiences on the prevention and treatment strategies to fight against COVID-19 in hospital.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Fang, Yeqing", "Deng, Qiwen", "Yu, Zhijian", "Wang, Hongyan", "Zhang, Songrong"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369584", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240462, "pmcid": "PMC7115348", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Min", "Zhang, Xinxin", "Qu, Jieming"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240462", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a significant threat to global health. It caused a total of 80 868 confirmed cases and 3101 deaths in Chinese mainland until March 8, 2020. This novel virus spread mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact. As disease progressed, a series of complications tend to develop, especially in critically ill patients. Pathological findings showed representative features of acute respiratory distress syndrome and involvement of multiple organs. Apart from supportive care, no specific treatment has been established for COVID-19. The efficacy of some promising antivirals, convalescent plasma transfusion, and tocilizumab needs to be investigated by ongoing clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32518785, "pmcid": "PMC7262723", "title": "Appendectomy in patient with suspected COVID-19 with negative COVID-19 results: A case report.", "journal": "World J Clin Cases", "authors": ["Kim, Changho", "Kim, Jong Kun", "Yeo, In Hwan", "Choe, Jae Young", "Lee, Jeong Eun", "Kang, So Jeong", "Park, Chan Sub", "Kwon, Ki Tae", "Hwang, Soyoon"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518785", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Even at present, we are in the middle of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and are facing challenges in trial and error. Presently, emergency surgery for patients with suspected COVID-19 is burdensome not only for patients but also for healthcare workers. Therefore, we established a surveillance system in the emergency room and established principles for managing patients suspected of COVID-19 who require emergency surgery. A 67-year-old man was diagnosed with appendicitis in March 2020. His wife was diagnosed with COVID-19 10 d earlier, and the patient was in close contact with her. The patient tested negative twice on an upper respiratory COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction screening test, but chest X-ray and chest computed tomography revealed patchy ground-glass opacity in both upper lobes of the patient's lungs. The same emergency surgery procedure for patients with confirmed COVID-19 was applied to this patient suspected of having the disease to ensure that surgery was not delayed while waiting for the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results. A few hours after surgery, the upper respiratory tract specimen taken in the emergency room was negative for COVID-19 but the lower respiratory tract specimen was found to be positive for the disease. When COVID-19 is suspected, emergency surgery should be performed as for confirmed COVID-19 without delay."}, {"pmid": 32316056, "title": "[Management of Patients with COVID-19 - Recommendations from a Palliative Care Perspective].", "journal": "Pneumologie", "authors": ["Nehls, W", "Delis, S", "Haberland, B", "Maier, B O", "Sanger, K", "Tessmer, G", "Radbruch, L", "Bausewein, C"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316056", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298643, "pmcid": "PMC7128642", "title": "Operational Strategies to Prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Spread in Radiology: Experience From a Singapore Radiology Department After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Goh, Yonggeng", "Chua, Wynne", "Lee, Joseph K T", "Ang, Bertrand Wei Leng", "Liang, Chong Ri", "Tan, Choon Ann", "Choong, Denise Ai Wen", "Hoon, Hui Xiang", "Ong, Michael Kah Leong", "Quek, Swee Tian"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection spreads globally, the demand for chest imaging will inevitably rise with an accompanying increase in risk of disease transmission to frontline radiology staff. Radiology departments should implement strict infection control measures and robust operational plans to minimize disease transmission and mitigate potential impact of possible staff infection. In this article, the authors share several operational guidelines and strategies implemented in our practice to reduce spread of COVID-19 and maintain clinical and educational needs of a teaching hospital."}, {"pmid": 32218915, "pmcid": "PMC7097833", "title": "National Institute for the Infectious Diseases \"L. Spallanzani\", IRCCS. Recommendations for COVID-19 clinical management.", "journal": "Infect Dis Rep", "authors": ["Nicastri, Emanuele", "Petrosillo, Nicola", "Bartoli, Tommaso Ascoli", "Lepore, Luciana", "Mondi, Annalisa", "Palmieri, Fabrizio", "D'Offizi, Gianpiero", "Marchioni, Luisa", "Murachelli, Silvia", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Antinori, Andrea"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218915", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 9 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the identification, by Chinese Health authorities, of a novel coronavirus, further classified as SARS-CoV-2 responsible of a disease (COVID-19) ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe respiratory involvement. On March 9 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Italy is the second most affected country by COVID-19 infection after China. The \"L. Spallanzani\" National Institute for the Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy, has been the first Italian hospital to admit and manage patients affected by COVID-19. Hereby, we show our recommendations for the management of COVID-19 patients, based on very limited clinical evidences; they should be considered as expert opinions, which may be modified according to newly produced literature data."}, {"pmid": 32346813, "pmcid": "PMC7186765", "title": "COVID-19, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and clinical implications.", "journal": "Endocrine", "authors": ["Pal, Rimesh"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346813", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507518, "title": "Does active smoking worsen Covid-19?", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Carmona-Bayonas, Alberto", "Jimenez-Fonseca, Paula", "Sanchez Arraez, Alvaro", "Alvarez Mancenido, Felipe", "Castanon, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507518", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Probably it does."}, {"pmid": 32460391, "title": "Aesthetic dermatology procedures in coronavirus-days.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Tursen, Umit", "Tursen, Belma", "Lotti, Torello"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460391", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19), which causes\u00a0coronavirus\u00a0disease 2019, is highly contagious and\u00a0a particularly\u00a0popular problem in all around the World and also in all departments\u00a0of\u00a0every hospital. Protecting\u00a0the well-being of\u00a0the\u00a0aesthetic dermatologists while\u00a0providing\u00a0a\u00a0sufficient\u00a0workforce\u00a0is\u00a0vital\u00a0for\u00a0pandemic planning. In this article, we will discuss this problem\u00a0from an\u00a0aesthetic\u00a0dermatology\u00a0aspect\u00a0and we\u00a0will\u00a0review whether these procedures are safe or not."}, {"pmid": 32321417, "pmcid": "PMC7174809", "title": "An unexpected and suspended time.", "journal": "J Headache Pain", "authors": ["Martelletti, Paolo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321417", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315229, "title": "COVID-19 and the CRISPR Community Response.", "journal": "CRISPR J", "authors": ["Davies, Kevin", "Barrangou, Rodolphe"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315229", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500327, "pmcid": "PMC7271825", "title": "Endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy and ENT specialist safety in the COVID 19 era: the back endoscopy approach to the patient.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Di Maio, Pasquale", "Traverso, Daniela", "Iocca, Oreste", "De Virgilio, Armando", "Spriano, Giuseppe", "Giudice, Marco"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500327", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To propose a way to safely perform endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy in ENT outpatient clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic. This manuscript highlights the importance of endoscopy in daily ENT clinical practice, which is a pivotal procedure in the diagnosis of many head and neck pathologies. However, since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, the authors have witnessed a drastic reduction (91%) in the use of endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy at their institutions. In fact, it is considered at risk of contamination for healthcare professionals, as any upper airway manipulation procedure. In the \"Back approach to the patient\" for endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy, the operator positions himself behind the patient and faces the monitor. The endoscopist, not being positioned in front of the patient, should, therefore, be less exposed to airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus. This simple variation of the physician's position during endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy could potentially reduce the risk of contagion since the operator is not in the trajectory of droplets and/or aerosols."}, {"pmid": 32380318, "pmcid": "PMC7198409", "title": "Why judiciously timed anti-IL 6 therapy may be of benefit in severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Cunningham, Louise", "Kimber, Ian", "Basketter, David Arthur", "McFadden, John Paul"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380318", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344315, "pmcid": "PMC7195028", "title": "N-acetyl-cysteine may prevent COVID-19-associated cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Assimakopoulos, Stelios F", "Marangos, Markos"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344315", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437920, "pmcid": "PMC7211594", "title": "Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and clinical outcome in COVID-19: a report from the Italian front line.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Ciccullo, Arturo", "Borghetti, Alberto", "Zileri Dal Verme, Lorenzo", "Tosoni, Alberto", "Lombardi, Francesca", "Garcovich, Matteo", "Biscetti, Federico", "Montalto, Massimo", "Cauda, Roberto", "Di Giambenedetto, Simona"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437920", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473303, "pmcid": "PMC7255239", "title": "Inferior vena cava filter in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia to prevent a massive pulmonary embolism.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Cena, Tiziana", "Bazzano, Simona", "Berni, Paola", "Vignazia, Gian Luca", "Grossi, Francesca", "Stanca, Carmelo", "Cammarota, Gianmaria", "Della Corte, Francesco", "Vaschetto, Rosanna"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473303", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID 19 predispose to deep vein thrombosis . We describe an early placement of inferior vena cava filter added to the therapeutic anticoagulation to prevent a massive pulmonary embolism."}, {"pmid": 32525362, "title": "COVID-19: Complexity and the Black Swan.", "journal": "Fam Syst Health", "authors": ["Valeras, Andrew S"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525362", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In previous President's Columns (Valeras, 2019a, 2019b), the properties of complexity and complex adaptive systems have been discussed, in terms of the value of continual and iterative change, in order to nudge a system to emerge differently, rather than maintain the status quo. COVID-19 is not a nudge; it is a tidal wave. Engaging with and understanding complexity science allows us to examine the internal rules of our health care system and recognize our own role as agents that can systematically and deliberately disrupt the status quo. The intertwined and interdependent complex relationships that exist in health care between persons, business, academia, and government buffer the system from rapid and drastic change. COVID-19, however, swiftly disrupted many of the rules keeping the system in its previous state. Some would describe this sudden and dramatic systems change as a Black Swan. This column will examine the role of the Black Swan, as it relates to this pandemic. The Black Swan is a term coined in the 2nd century by Roman poet Juvenal's description of something being rara avis in terries nigroque simillima cygno, Latin for \"a bird as rare as the black swan\" (Taleb, 2007, p. xxxi). At this time, reference to a black swan was meant as a statement of impossibility, because all historical records of swans had been white. In 1697, Dutch explorers discovered black swans living in the wild in Western Australia (Taleb, 2007, p. xxi), and the black swan became a metaphor for events that come as a surprise, have major implications, and can often be understood only with the benefit of hindsight. This theory of the black swan was further articulated by Nassim Nicholas Taleb in his books Fooled by Randomness (Taleb, 2001) and The Black Swan (Taleb, 2007). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32335692, "pmcid": "PMC7183452", "title": "Aerosol box, An Operating Room Security Measure in COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Leyva Moraga, Francisco Alberto", "Leyva Moraga, Eduardo", "Leyva Moraga, Fernando", "Juanz Gonzalez, Abelardo", "Ibarra Celaya, Jesus Martin", "Ocejo Gallegos, Jesus Antonio", "Barreras Espinoza, Jorge Arturo"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335692", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515982, "title": "H2S as a potential defence against COVID-19?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Cell Physiol", "authors": ["Yang, Guangdong"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515982", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is posing a global health emergency and has led to more than 380,000 deaths worldwide. The cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 depends on two host proteins angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and TMPRSS2. There is currently no vaccine available and also no effective drug for the treatment of COVID-19. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a novel gasotransmitter has been shown to protect against lung damage via its anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-viral, pro-survival, and anti-aging effects. In light of the research advances on H2S signalling in biology and medicine, this review proposed H2S as a potential defence against COVID-19. It is suggested that H2S may block SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells by interfering with ACE2 and TMPRSS2, inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by attenuating virus assembly/release, and protect SARS-CoV-2-induced lung damage by suppressing immune response and inflammation development. Preclinical studies and clinical trials with slow-releasing H2S donor(s) or the activators of endogenous H2S-generating enzymes should be considered as a preventative treatment or therapy for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32311303, "title": "Surgical Considerations for an Awake Tracheotomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A", "authors": ["Crossley, Jason", "Clark, Christine", "Brody, Fredrick", "Maxwell, Jessica H"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                     The current global COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Given that SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmissible, surgical societies have recommended that procedures with a high risk of aerosolization be avoided or delayed. However, some high-risk procedures, such as those related to head and neck malignancies, cannot always be delayed. Care must be taken during aerosol-generating procedures to minimize viral transmission as much as possible. Preoperative testing for COVID-19, limited operating room personnel, adequate personal protective equipment, and surgical technique are factors to consider for high-risk procedures. \n                        Methods:\n                     This article presents the case of an awake tracheotomy performed for a transglottic mass causing airway obstruction. \n                        Results:\n                     With detailed planning and specific techniques, the amount of aerosolization was reduced, and the procedure was performed as safely as possible. \n                        Conclusion:\n                     This case provides a template for future aerosol-generating procedures during respiratory pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32388547, "pmcid": "PMC7224688", "title": "Plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: novel biomarker in heart failure with implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Oudit, Gavin Y", "Pfeffer, Marc A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388547", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525365, "title": "Role of focusing on the positive side during COVID-19 outbreak: Mental health perspective from positive psychology.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Yamaguchi, Keiko", "Takebayashi, Yoshitake", "Miyamae, Mitsuhiro", "Komazawa, Asami", "Yokoyama, Chika", "Ito, Masaya"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525365", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper discusses how positive emotions can help maintain and improve mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak, taking into account examples of social interaction and positive psychology research efforts in Japanese context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32379951, "pmcid": "PMC7267520", "title": "When a system breaks: queueing theory model of intensive care bed needs during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Meares, Hamish Dd", "Jones, Michael P"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379951", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400380, "title": "[Lack of clinical evidence for the use of hydroxychloroquine to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Troldborg, Anne", "Bartels, Lars Erik", "Deleuran, Bent"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400380", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severity of COVID-19 disease has led to an urgent need for the discovery of new treatments. Thus, global stocks of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been put under pressure with a study of 26 patients treated with HCQ during their infection with SARS-CoV-2. Despite the study's lack of quality, several countries' medicines agencies subsequently issued guidelines for the use of HCQ for COVID-19. This review aims to elucidate potential mechanisms, which make HCQ treatment interesting in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the current evidence for clinical use of HCQ to treat COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32240293, "pmcid": "PMC7138334", "title": "Collision of the COVID-19 and Addiction Epidemics.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Volkow, Nora D"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405081, "pmcid": "PMC7218373", "title": "Point-of-care (POC) lung ultrasound in intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Kulkarni, S", "Down, B", "Jha, S"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405081", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 has spread to every inhabited continent in the world. So far, plain radiography and computed tomography have been the mainstay of imaging methods used. The present analytical paper on the role of point-of-care lung ultrasound in this pandemic examines its diagnostic accuracy, clinical utility, and physical practicality in the intensive care unit."}, {"pmid": 32492188, "title": "A case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an untreated HIV patient in Tokyo, Japan.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Nakamoto, Takato", "Kutsuna, Satoshi", "Yanagawa, Yasuaki", "Kanda, Kouhei", "Okuhama, Ayako", "Akiyama, Yutaro", "Miyazato, Yusuke", "Ide, Satoshi", "Nakamura, Keiji", "Yamamoto, Kei", "Ohmagari, Norio"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492188", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a 28-year-old male co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; COVID-19) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). His clinical course of the COVID-19 pneumonia improved smoothly in 9 days; however, his immune status from HIV infection was not well-controlled due to a lack of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The HIV-1 viral load decreased during the acute phase and subsequently increased in the recovery phase. Antiretroviral therapy was given a month after the twice non-detections of SARS-CoV-2 to avoid immune reconstitution syndrome (IRIS). Previous reports suggest COVID-19 do not become more severe in untreated HIV patients than non-HIV patients. However, untreated HIV patients with COVID-19 should be followed up carefully for IRIS with ART. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32057212, "title": "[Recommendations for general surgery clinical practice in novel coronavirus pneumonia situation].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tao, K X", "Zhang, B X", "Zhang, P", "Zhu, P", "Wang, G B", "Chen, X P"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32057212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) is a highly infectious disease, has a long incubation period and a variety of clinical manifestations, which has a significant impact on public health and life. Afterwards, scientific and standardized work processing during the epidemic is of great significance for prevention and control. In order to implement the central government's decision-making deployment and defeat the NCP as soon as possible, we had focused on the key points in the clinical work of general surgery according to latest relevant guidelines, literature and experience in epidemic prevention. Finally, we drafted the prevention and control strategies and recommendations to make a reference for medical staff of general surgery to fight NCP."}, {"pmid": 32496239, "title": "Potential pharmacological agents for COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Kotwani, Anita", "Gandra, Sumanth"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496239", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) first emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has become a global pandemic. Currently, the management of COVID-19 infection is mainly supportive. Several clinical trials worldwide are evaluating several drugs approved for other indications, as well as multiple investigational agents for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Here, we give a brief overview of pharmacological agents and other therapies which are under investigation as treatment options or adjunctive agents for patients infected with COVID-19 and for chemoprophylaxis for the prevention of COVID-19 infection. At the time of writing this commentary, there is no peer-reviewed published evidence from randomized clinical trials of any pharmacological agents improving outcomes in COVID-19 patients. However, it was reported that remdesivir an investigational antiviral agent hastens clinical recovery, but a study is yet to be published in peer-reviewed medical journal."}, {"pmid": 32311094, "pmcid": "PMC7264516", "title": "Distinct Viral Clades of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Modeling of Viral Spread.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Brufsky, Adam"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311094", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Distinct viral clades have a likely impact on COVID-19 pathogenesis and spread. Sequence analysis from 2310 viral isolates from Nexstrain reveals that residue at 614 of the viral spike protein is changed from a putative ancestral aspartic acid (D) to a glycine (G) between two viral clades. The G strain is predominantly on the East Coast of the United States, and the D strain is predominantly on the West Coast. This mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein spike is conserved in coronaviruses. Point mutations in a murine coronavirus spike protein can result in increased virulence through instability of the viral machinery and altered viral to cell membrane fusion. This observation may partially explain the discrepancy in predicted deaths from COVID-19 between the East Coast and West Coast, and possibly explain that other factors aside from social distance, such as competition between two strains of differing virulence, may be at play. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32207983, "pmcid": "PMC7200872", "title": "Covid-19 infection and mortality: a physiologist's perspective enlightening clinical features and plausible interventional strategies.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Abassi, Zaid A", "Skorecki, Karl", "Heyman, Samuel Noam", "Kinaneh, Safa", "Armaly, Zaher"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207983", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482612, "pmcid": "PMC7253966", "title": "Airborne precautions are needed against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Takefuji, Yoshiyasu"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242116, "title": "African nations missing from coronavirus trials.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Roussi, Antoaneta", "Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242116", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215691, "pmcid": "PMC7095246", "title": "CT image visual quantitative evaluation and clinical classification of coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Kunwei", "Fang, Yijie", "Li, Wenjuan", "Pan, Cunxue", "Qin, Peixin", "Zhong, Yinghua", "Liu, Xueguo", "Huang, Mingqian", "Liao, Yuting", "Li, Shaolin"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215691", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the relationship between the imaging manifestations and clinical classification of COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective single-center study on patients with COVID-19 from Jan. 18, 2020 to Feb. 7, 2020 in Zhuhai, China. Patients were divided into 3 types based on Chinese guideline: mild (patients with minimal symptoms and negative CT findings), common, and severe-critical (patients with positive CT findings and different extent of clinical manifestations). CT visual quantitative evaluation was based on summing up the acute lung inflammatory lesions involving each lobe, which was scored as 0 (0%), 1 (1-25%), 2 (26-50%), 3 (51-75%), or 4 (76-100%), respectively. The total severity score (TSS) was reached by summing the five lobe scores. The consistency of two observers was evaluated. The TSS was compared with the clinical classification. ROC was used to test the diagnosis ability of TSS for severe-critical type. This study included 78 patients, 38 males and 40 females. There were 24 mild (30.8%), 46 common (59.0%), and 8 severe-critical (10.2%) cases, respectively. The median TSS of severe-critical-type group was significantly higher than common type (p\u00a0<\u20090.001). The ICC value of the two observers was 0.976 (95% CI 0.962-0.985). ROC analysis showed the area under the curve (AUC) of TSS for diagnosing severe-critical type was 0.918. The TSS cutoff of 7.5 had 82.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The proportion of clinical mild-type patients with COVID-19 was relatively high; CT was not suitable for independent screening tool. The CT visual quantitative analysis has high consistency and can reflect the clinical classification of COVID-19. \u2022 CT visual quantitative evaluation has high consistency (ICC value of 0.976) among the observers. The median TSS of severe-critical type group was significantly higher than common type (p\u2009<\u20090.001). \u2022 ROC analysis showed the area under the curve (AUC) of TSS for diagnosing severe-critical type was 0.918 (95% CI 0.843-0.994). The TSS cutoff of 7.5 had 82.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity. \u2022 The proportion of confirmed COVID-19 patients with normal chest CT was relatively high (30.8%); CT was not a suitable screening modality."}, {"pmid": 32271598, "title": "COVID-19 and Iranian Medical Students; A Survey on Their Related-Knowledge, Preventive Behaviors and Risk Perception.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Taghrir, Mohammad Hossein", "Borazjani, Roham", "Shiraly, Ramin"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271598", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began its journey around the world. Medical students, as frontline healthcare workers, are more susceptible to be infected by the virus. The aim of this study was to assess COVID-19 related knowledge, self-reported preventive behaviors and risk perception among Iranian medical students within the first week after the onset of the outbreak in Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted from 26th to 28th of February, 2020. Participants were Iranian medical students (5th-7th year) whose knowledge, preventive behaviors and risk perceptions of COVID-19 were assessed using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions including 15 items about COVID-19 related knowledge, 9 items regarding preventive measures and 2 items about COVID-19 risk perception. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were shown to be satisfactory. A total of 240 medical students completed the questionnaire. The mean age of participants was 23.67 years. The average of correct answers of knowledge was 86.96%; and 79.60% had high level of related knowledge. The average rate of practicing preventive behaviors was 94.47%; and 94.2% had high level of performance in preventive behaviors. The cumulative score of risk perception was 4.08 out of 8 which was in moderate range. Risk perception was significantly different between stagers and interns and between those being trained in emergency room (ER) and non-ER wards. There was a significant negative correlation between preventive behaviors and risk perception. We found a high level of COVID-19 related knowledge and self-reported preventive behaviors and moderate risk perception among Iranian medical students."}, {"pmid": 32205356, "title": "Covid-19: doctors in final trimester of pregnancy should avoid direct patient contact.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205356", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511245, "title": "A unifying structural and functional model of the coronavirus replication organelle: Tracking down RNA synthesis.", "journal": "PLoS Biol", "authors": ["Snijder, Eric J", "Limpens, Ronald W A L", "de Wilde, Adriaan H", "de Jong, Anja W M", "Zevenhoven-Dobbe, Jessika C", "Maier, Helena J", "Faas, Frank F G A", "Koster, Abraham J", "Barcena, Montserrat"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511245", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Zoonotic coronavirus (CoV) infections, such as those responsible for the current severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, cause grave international public health concern. In infected cells, the CoV RNA-synthesizing machinery associates with modified endoplasmic reticulum membranes that are transformed into the viral replication organelle (RO). Although double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) appear to be a pan-CoV RO element, studies to date describe an assortment of additional CoV-induced membrane structures. Despite much speculation, it remains unclear which RO element(s) accommodate viral RNA synthesis. Here we provide detailed 2D and 3D analyses of CoV ROs and show that diverse CoVs essentially induce the same membrane modifications, including the small open double-membrane spherules (DMSs) previously thought to be restricted to gamma- and delta-CoV infections and proposed as sites of replication. Metabolic labeling of newly synthesized viral RNA followed by quantitative electron microscopy (EM) autoradiography revealed abundant viral RNA synthesis associated with DMVs in cells infected with the beta-CoVs Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV and the gamma-CoV infectious bronchitis virus. RNA synthesis could not be linked to DMSs or any other cellular or virus-induced structure. Our results provide a unifying model of the CoV RO and clearly establish DMVs as the central hub for viral RNA synthesis and a potential drug target in CoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32490797, "title": "Developing Trust With Early Medical School Graduates During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Kinnear, Benjamin", "Kelleher, Matthew", "Olson, Andrew Pj", "Sall, Dana", "Schumacher, Daniel J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490797", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451256, "pmcid": "PMC7211657", "title": "COVID-19: Wait for a novel drug or act with the age old drug - Do we have a choice?", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan", "Gurunthalingam, Meenalotchini Prakash", "Venkatesan, Sajitha", "Thangaraju, Eswaran"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451256", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324976, "title": "COPD at the Time of COVID-19: A COPD Foundation Perspective.", "journal": "Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis", "authors": ["Tal-Singer, Ruth", "Crapo, James D"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324976", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447950, "title": "COVID-19: Avoiding a second tragedy in a tuberculosis burdened country.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Yadav, Siddharth Raj", "Kumar, Rohit", "Gupta, Nitesh", "Ish, Pranav", "Chakrabarti, Shibdas", "Kumar, Amit"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447950", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To the Editor Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first notified in December 2019 from Wuhan, China. Now, it has spread rapidly and has been declared a pandemic affecting over 200 countries with widespread morbidity and mortality. It has been postulated that the most vulnerable population are the elderly, people living in crowded areas, children and immune-compromised individuals, such as people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The correlation of tuberculosis (TB), HIV and malnutrition are well documented and hence, people with tuberculosis should be considered as special population in this pandemic. TB is an ancient disease among humans recorded as far back as seventy thousand years which was declared a global public health emergency in 1993 by the World Health Organisation (WHO). India has the highest TB burden in the world."}, {"pmid": 32498138, "title": "The Delay in Confirming COVID-19 Cases Linked to a Religious Group in Korea.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Kim, Hyung-Ju", "Hwang, Hyun-Seong", "Choi, Yong-Hyuk", "Song, Hye-Yeon", "Park, Ji-Seong", "Yun, Chae-Young", "Ryu, Sukhyun"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498138", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 3, 2020, the Shincheonji religious group accounted for the majority of Korean cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nonetheless, the most likely cause of the broad spread of COVID-19 among members of the Shincheonji religious group remains largely unknown. We obtained data of laboratory-confirmed cases related to the Shincheonji religious group from press releases by Korean public health authorities and news reports. We measured the period from the date of illness onset to the date of COVID-19 confirmation. We analysed data from 59 cases (median age, 30 years). The estimated median period between the date of symptom onset and the date of COVID-19 confirmation was 4 days (95% confidence interval, 1-12). There was a delay in COVID-19 confirmation from the date of illness onset among the cases linked to the Shincheonji religious group. This delay likely contributed to the occurrence of many cases of COVID-19 in the group."}, {"pmid": 32505466, "title": "Cyclosporine as preferred calcineurin inhibitor in renal allograft recipients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Kemmner, Stephan", "Guba, Markus", "Schonermarck, Ulf", "Stangl, Manfred", "Fischereder, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505466", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393381, "pmcid": "PMC7211983", "title": "Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey.", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Jin, Ying-Hui", "Huang, Qiao", "Wang, Yun-Yun", "Zeng, Xian-Tao", "Luo, Li-Sha", "Pan, Zhen-Yu", "Yuan, Yu-Feng", "Chen, Zhi-Min", "Cheng, Zhen-Shun", "Huang, Xing", "Wang, Na", "Li, Bing-Hui", "Zi, Hao", "Zhao, Ming-Juan", "Ma, Lin-Lu", "Deng, Tong", "Wang, Ying", "Wang, Xing-Huan"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393381", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many healthcare workers were infected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) early in the epidemic posing a big challenge for epidemic control. Hence, this study aims to explore perceived infection routes, influencing factors, psychosocial changes, and management procedures for COVID-19 infected healthcare workers. This is a cross-sectional, single hospital-based study. We recruited all 105 confirmed COVID-19 healthcare workers in the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from February 15 to 29, 2020. All participants completed a validated questionnaire. Electronic consent was obtained from all participants. Perceived causes of infection, infection prevention, control knowledge and behaviour, psychological changes, symptoms and treatment were measured. Finally, 103 professional staff with COVID-19 finished the questionnaire and was included (response rate: 98.1%). Of them, 87 cases (84.5%) thought they were infected in working environment in hospital, one (1.0%) thought their infection was due to the laboratory environment, and 5 (4.9%) thought they were infected in daily life or community environment. Swab of throat collection and physical examination were the procedures perceived as most likely causing their infection by nurses and doctors respectively. Forty-three (41.8%) thought their infection was related to protective equipment, utilization of common equipment (masks and gloves). The top three first symptoms displayed before diagnosis were fever (41.8%), lethargy (33.0%) and muscle aches (30.1%). After diagnosis, 88.3% staff experienced psychological stress or emotional changes during their isolation period, only 11.7% had almost no emotional changes. Arbidol (Umifenovir; an anti-influza drug; 69.2%) was the drug most commonly used to target infection in mild and moderate symptoms. The main perceived mode of transmission was not maintaining protection when working at a close distance and having intimate contact with infected cases. Positive psychological intervention is necessary."}, {"pmid": 32514230, "pmcid": "PMC7268587", "title": "The COVID-19 response must integrate people living with HIV needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Mali.", "journal": "Trop Med Health", "authors": ["Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis", "Yattassaye, Adam", "Bourrelly, Michel", "Dembele Keita, Bintou", "Spire, Bruno"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first COVID-19 cases in Mali were reported almost 1 month after the first case in the African continent. However, the outbreak continues to spread faster there than in other countries which, along with Mali, successfully tackled the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Africa. Given this context, specific actions targeting people living with HIV (PLWH) are needed to reinforce prevention. Community-based involvement is crucial to ensure continuity of care and treatment for PLWH. Furthermore, the health of frontline healthcare workers must take priority in any actions taken. The long-established trustful relationship between NGOs and PLWH in Mali is indispensable to disseminate key messages about COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32409192, "pmcid": "PMC7198992", "title": "Ethical and Logistical Considerations of Caring for Older Adults on Inpatient Psychiatry During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Fahed, Mario", "Barron, Gregory C", "Steffens, David C"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409192", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought challenges to delivery of care for older adults on inpatient psychiatry. We describe two cases: patient A, a 62-year-old woman who initially refused screening for potential COVID-19, bringing up questions about threshold for capacity when public health is at risk and questions about whether screening for infection should be different in older adults. The other case, patient B, is that of an 83-year-old man who was on the unit when patient A tested positive, and brought up concerns for risk of dissemination in the context of wandering, spitting behaviors, and inability to adhere to room isolation or masking measures. We review measures taken to decrease risk of transmission and improve screening for infection in older adults."}, {"pmid": 32266990, "pmcid": "PMC7262187", "title": "Analyzing situational awareness through public opinion to predict adoption of social distancing amid pandemic COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Qazi, Atika", "Qazi, Javaria", "Naseer, Khulla", "Zeeshan, Muhammad", "Hardaker, Glenn", "Maitama, Jaafar Zubairu", "Haruna, Khalid"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266990", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 100 countries in a matter of weeks. People's response toward social distancing in the emerging pandemic is uncertain. In this study, we evaluated the influence of information (formal and informal) sources on situational awareness of the public for adopting health-protective behaviors such as social distancing. For this purpose, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted. The hypothesis proposed suggests that adoption of social distancing practices is an outcome of situational awareness which is achieved by the information sources. Results suggest that information sources, formal (P\u2009=\u2009.001) and informal (P\u2009=\u20090.007) were found to be significantly related to perceived understanding. Findings also indicate that social distancing is significantly influenced by situational awareness, P\u2009=\u2009.000. It can, therefore, be concluded that an increase in situational awareness in times of public health crisis using formal information sources can significantly increase the adoption of protective health behavior and in turn contain the spread of infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32219626, "pmcid": "PMC7100444", "title": "Experience of Clinical Management for Pregnant Women and Newborns with Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Tongji Hospital, China.", "journal": "Curr Med Sci", "authors": ["Wang, Shao-Shuai", "Zhou, Xuan", "Lin, Xing-Guang", "Liu, Yan-Yan", "Wu, Jian-Li", "Sharifu, Lali Mwamaka", "Hu, Xiao-Lin", "Rong, Zhi-Hui", "Liu, Wei", "Luo, Xiao-Ping", "Chen, Zhuo", "Zeng, Wan-Jiang", "Chen, Su-Hua", "Ma, Ding", "Chen, Ling", "Feng, Ling"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219626", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on the New Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia (Trial Edition 5), combined with our current clinical treatment experience, we recently proposed a revision of the first edition of \"Guidance for maternal and fetal management during pneumonia epidemics of novel coronavirus infection in the Wuhan Tongji Hospital\". This article focused on the issues of greatest concern of pregnant women including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection diagnostic criteria, inspection precautions, drug treatment options, indications and methods of termination of pregnancy, postpartum fever, breastfeeding considerations, mode of mother-to-child transmission, neonatal isolation and advice on neonatal nursing, to provide valuable experience for better management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and newborns."}, {"pmid": 32448332, "pmcid": "PMC7245635", "title": "Duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in asymptomatic carriers.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Yan, Xiquan", "Han, Xiaotong", "Fan, Yong", "Fang, Zhixiong", "Long, Da", "Zhu, Yimin"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448332", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376395, "pmcid": "PMC7200134", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with systemic autoimmune diseases.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Emmi, Giacomo", "Bettiol, Alessandra", "Mattioli, Irene", "Silvestri, Elena", "Di Scala, Gerardo", "Urban, Maria Letizia", "Vaglio, Augusto", "Prisco, Domenico"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376395", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of clinically overt SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) among patients with systemic autoimmune diseases residing in Tuscany, and to compare it with that observed in the general Tuscan population. In this cross-sectional study, Tuscan outpatients with systemic autoimmune diseases followed at a tertiary referral centre were telephonically interviewed between April 1st-14th 2020 to collect demographic and clinical data, information on ongoing immunomodulating/immunosuppressive treatments, and on the presence of symptoms suspected of SARS-CoV-2 or of a confirmed infection. 458 patients were interviewed [74% female, median age 56\u00a0years (IQR 43-68)]; 56% of them were receiving corticosteroids, 44% traditional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), of whom 23% hydroxychloroquine, 5% colchicine, while 41% were on biologic DMARDs (of whom 9% on tocilizumab). Thirteen patients reported symptoms suggesting SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of them, 7 had undergone nasopharyngeal swab and only one was positive and developed severe SARS-CoV-2 complications. Within our cohort, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was therefore 0.22% (0.01-1.21%), comparable to that observed in the general population of Tuscany [0.20% (0.20-0.21%), p\u00a0=\u00a0.597]. Patients with systemic autoimmune diseases do not seem to carry an increased risk of SARS- CoV-2 infection as compared to the general population."}, {"pmid": 32252849, "title": "COVID-19: From Epidemic to Pandemic.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["James, James J"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252849", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348743, "pmcid": "PMC7194835", "title": "Screening all pregnant women admitted to labor and delivery for the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Vintzileos, William S", "Muscat, Jolene", "Hoffmann, Eva", "John, Nicole S", "Vertichio, Rosanne", "Vintzileos, Anthony M", "Vo, Duc"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348743", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495390, "title": "Should we be concerned about COVID-19 with nonhuman primates?", "journal": "Am J Primatol", "authors": ["Santos, Wesley Jose", "Guiraldi, Livia Maisa", "Lucheis, Simone Baldini"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495390", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has radically changed the human activities worldwide. Although we are still learning about the disease, it is necessary that primatologists, veterinarians, and all that are living with nonhuman primates (NHP) be concerned about the probable health impacts as these animals face this new pandemic. We want to increase discussion with the scientific community that is directly involved with these animals, because preliminary studies report that NHP may become infected and develop symptoms similar to those in human beings."}, {"pmid": 32469482, "title": "Screening for Covid-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Huber, Douglas H"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469482", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313886, "pmcid": "PMC7166302", "title": "Medically unexplained symptoms in the times of Covid-19 pandemic: a case-report.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun Health", "authors": ["Colizzi, Marco", "Bortoletto, Riccardo", "Silvestri, Marta", "Mondini, Federica", "Puttini, Elena", "Cainelli, Chiara", "Gaudino, Rossella", "Ruggeri, Mirella", "Zoccante, Leonardo"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313886", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early 2020, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) leading to a potentially fatal condition was discovered. Since then, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread worldwide becoming a pandemic. Beyond the risks strictly related to the infection, concerns have been expressed for the psychological impact that COVID-19 may have, especially on vulnerable individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions. Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is characterized by a dysfunctional preoccupation with physical symptoms leading to excessive and unnecessary healthcare utilization. Despite being quite common, such condition remains underrecognized. We report a detailed clinical case of a 16 years old adolescent, who presented with a history suggestive of COVID-19 infection and associated psychological distress. Despite testing negative for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, his extreme and persisting health preoccupations required an inpatient admission to the Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit. He responded rapidly to a low dose of antipsychotic and an antidepressant. Based on his medical history and current presentation, he received a diagnosis of SSD. When COVID-19-like symptoms occur, we highlight the importance of differentially diagnosing a possible exacerbation of a pre-existing SSD, triggered by fear of being infected. This may help preventing further burden to the healthcare system."}, {"pmid": 32474984, "title": "Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment of Onychomycosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Lipner, Shari R", "Ricardo, Jose W"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474984", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192233, "title": "Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Human Metapneumovirus.", "journal": "R I Med J (2013)", "authors": ["Touzard-Romo, Francine", "Tape, Chantal", "Lonks, John R"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192233", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Jamaica"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (now called SARS-CoV-2) initially discovered in Wuhan, China, has now become a global pandemic. We describe a patient presenting to an Emergency Department in Rhode Island on March 12, 2020 with cough and shortness of breath after a trip to Jamaica. The patient underwent nasopharyngeal swab for a respiratory pathogen panel as well as SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. When the respiratory pathogen panel was positive for human metapneumovirus, the patient was treated and discharged. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR came back positive 24 hours later. Although respiratory viral co-infection is thought to be relatively uncommon in adults, this case reflects that SARS-CoV-2 testing algorithms that exclude patients who test positive for routine viral pathogens may miss SARS-CoV-2 co-infected patients."}, {"pmid": 32504021, "title": "The pandemic mixed up what scientists study - and some won't go back.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Gibney, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504021", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270532, "pmcid": "PMC7262087", "title": "Letter from China.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Guan, Wei-Jie", "Zhong, Nan-Shan"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270532", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271372, "pmcid": "PMC7184467", "title": "Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic Infectors: Hidden Sources of COVID-19 Disease.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Guanjian", "Li, Weiran", "He, Xiaojin", "Cao, Yunxia"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271372", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392625, "title": "Reply to Ruth Palan Lopez, PhD, GNP-BC.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Ouslander, Joseph G", "D'Adamo, Heather", "Yoshikawa, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392625", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358574, "pmcid": "PMC7194027", "title": "100 years of influenza research seen through the lens of Covid-19.", "journal": "Mucosal Immunol", "authors": ["Bogaert, Debby", "Dockrell, David H"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358574", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516045, "title": "A different way of nursing.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Foster, Sam"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516045", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, considers how different ways of working during the COVID-19 emergency have led nurses to reflect on and change the way they nurse."}, {"pmid": 32321540, "pmcid": "PMC7175817", "title": "COVID-19 and what pediatric rheumatologists should know: a review from a highly affected country.", "journal": "Pediatr Rheumatol Online J", "authors": ["Licciardi, Francesco", "Giani, Teresa", "Baldini, Letizia", "Favalli, Ennio Giulio", "Caporali, Roberto", "Cimaz, Rolando"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321540", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11th, 2020 the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. The infection, transmitted by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov), was first discovered in December 2019, in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and then rapidly spread worldwide. Italy was early and severely involved, with a critical spread of the infection and a very high number of victims. Person-to-person spread mainly occurs via respiratory droplets and contact. The median incubation period is 5\u2009days. The spectrum of respiratory symptoms may range from mild to severe, strictly depending on the age of the patient and the underlying comorbidities.In children COVID-19 related disease is less frequent and less aggressive. In Italy 1% of positive cases are under 18\u2009years of age, and no deaths have been recorded before 29\u2009years of age. For patients affected by rheumatic disease, despite the concerns related to the imbalance of their immune response and the effect of immunosuppressive treatments, there are still few data to understand the real consequences of this infection. Major scientific societies have issued recommendations to help rheumatologists in caring their patients. Interestingly, some of the drugs mostly used by rheumatologists appear to be promising in critical COVID-19 infected patients, where the hyperinflammation and cytokine storm seem to drive to the multiorgan failure.Pediatric rheumatologists are expected to play a supporting role in this new front of COVID-19 pandemic, both as general pediatricians treating infected children, and as rheumatologists taking care of their rheumatic patients, as well as offering their experience in the possible alternative use of immunomodulatory drugs."}, {"pmid": 32345692, "title": "Paying SPECIAL consideration to the digital sharing of information during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Armitage, Laura", "Lawson, Beth K", "Whelan, Maxine E", "Newhouse, Nikki"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345692", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400024, "pmcid": "PMC7272907", "title": "More on COVID-19 coagulopathy in Caucasian patients.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Fogarty, Helen", "Townsend, Liam", "Ni Cheallaigh, Cliona", "Bergin, Colm", "Martin-Loeches, Ignacio", "Browne, Paul", "Bacon, Christopher L", "Gaule, Richard", "Gillett, Alexander", "Byrne, Mary", "Ryan, Kevin", "O'Connell, Niamh", "O'Sullivan, Jamie M", "Conlon, Niall", "O'Donnell, James S"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400024", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405693, "pmcid": "PMC7220809", "title": "Could ruxolitinib be effective in patients with COVID-19 infection at risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Caocci, Giovanni", "La Nasa, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405693", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451583, "pmcid": "PMC7246290", "title": "Frailty index predicts poor outcome in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Bellelli, Giuseppe", "Rebora, Paola", "Valsecchi, Maria Grazia", "Bonfanti, Paolo", "Citerio, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451583", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209231, "pmcid": "PMC7094376", "title": "Computers and viral diseases. Preliminary bioinformatics studies on the design of a synthetic vaccine and a preventative peptidomimetic antagonist against the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV, COVID-19) coronavirus.", "journal": "Comput Biol Med", "authors": ["Robson, B"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209231", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper concerns study of the genome of the Wuhan Seafood Market isolate believed to represent the causative agent of the disease COVID-19. This is to find a short section or sections of viral protein sequence suitable for preliminary design proposal for a peptide synthetic vaccine and a peptidomimetic therapeutic, and to explore some design possibilities. The project was originally directed towards a use case for the Q-UEL language and its implementation in a knowledge management and automated inference system for medicine called the BioIngine, but focus here remains mostly on the virus itself. However, using Q-UEL systems to access relevant and emerging literature, and to interact with standard publically available bioinformatics tools on the Internet, did help quickly identify sequences of amino acids that are well conserved across many coronaviruses including 2019-nCoV. KRSFIEDLLFNKV was found to be particularly well conserved in this study and corresponds to the region around one of the known cleavage sites of the SARS virus that are believed to be required for virus activation for cell entry. This sequence motif and surrounding variations formed the basis for proposing a specific synthetic vaccine epitope and peptidomimetic agent. The work can, nonetheless, be described in traditional bioinformatics terms, and readily reproduced by others, albeit with the caveat that new data and research into 2019-nCoV is emerging and evolving at an explosive pace. Preliminary studies using molecular modeling and docking, and in that context the potential value of certain known herbal extracts, are also described."}, {"pmid": 32329014, "pmcid": "PMC7178924", "title": "Personal protective equipment (PPE) for both anesthesiologists and other airway managers: principles and practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lockhart, Shannon L", "Duggan, Laura V", "Wax, Randy S", "Saad, Stephan", "Grocott, Hilary P"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329014", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare providers are facing a coronavirus disease pandemic. This pandemic may last for many months, stressing the Canadian healthcare system in a way that has not previously been seen. Keeping healthcare providers safe, healthy, and available to work throughout this pandemic is critical. The consistent use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) will help assure its availability and healthcare provider safety. The purpose of this communique is to give both anesthesiologists and other front-line healthcare providers a framework from which to understand the principles and practices surrounding PPE decision-making. We propose three types of PPE including: 1) PPE for droplet and contact precautions, 2) PPE for general airborne, droplet, and contact precautions, and 3) PPE for those performing or assisting with high-risk aerosol-generating medical procedures."}, {"pmid": 32372800, "pmcid": "PMC7195112", "title": "An uneven pandemic.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Vaughan, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372800", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus will play out very differently in the world's poorest nations."}, {"pmid": 32444823, "title": "'Medications should be prescribed by doctors, not the president': leading Brazilian scientist discusses the pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Fraser, Barbara"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444823", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515378, "title": "Clinical features, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients in the outdoor setting.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Jamil, Bushra"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515378", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a brief span of a few months, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought a major paradigm shift in operation of clinical services around the world. Infection may be mild, moderate or severe; many remain asymptomatic. High burden of non-communicable and communicable diseases theoretically puts Pakistani population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 infection. Considering the universal risk of infection, the outpatient services in Pakistan need to be redesigned. Starting with risk assessment of the facility and provision of a dedicated telephone connection, structure and workflow need to be redesigned in order to minimise risk of exposure to healthcare professionals, staff and patients. Patients with COVID-19 patients should be identified before they arrive in the facility and should be served expeditiously, in an environment which prevents cross-transmission of infection. Tele-consultation is assuming an important role. Changes which are taking place in response to Covid-19 pandemic will have far reaching effects on clinical services in Pakistan."}, {"pmid": 32334409, "pmcid": "PMC7165107", "title": "Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, Amir"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334409", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study is aimed to assess the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. The online questionnaire surveyed 10,754 individuals from the general population of 31 provinces of Iran who completed the questionnaire on social networks from March 1 to March 9, 2020. The inferential statistics suggests that the level of anxiety was higher among women (95 % CI [0.1, 81.36], p\u202f<\u202f0.001), people who more followed corona-related news (p\u202f<\u202f0.001) and the age group of 21-40 years (p\u202f<\u202f0.001). Ultimately, the level of anxiety was significantly higher among people who had at least one family member, relative, or friend who contracted COVID-19 disease (95 % CI [1.2, 35.03], p\u202f<\u202f0.001). The health care system should adopt a package of psychosocial interventions to reduce the anxiety of high risk groups."}, {"pmid": 32387113, "pmcid": "PMC7199676", "title": "Caring for Pediatric Patients with Diabetes amidst the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Storm.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Ho, Cindy", "Ng, Nicholas Beng Hui", "Lee, Yung Seng"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387113", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437919, "pmcid": "PMC7211577", "title": "Managing Endovascular Workload during COVID-19 Outbreak-The Singapore Experience.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Quek, Lawrence Han Hwee", "Tan, Glenn Wei Leong", "Pua, Uei"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437919", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the outset and during the throes of the COVID-19 pandemic, as valuable resources are channeled to combat the pandemic, challenges in timely delivery of non-COVID-19-related health care services such as endovascular service arise. As such, this article looks at a tertiary institution's experience in managing its endovascular workload-referenced to the American College of Surgeons' triage of vascular surgery patient acuity-based case classification."}, {"pmid": 32457980, "title": "Failure of hydroxychloroquine pre-exposure prophylaxis in COVID-19 infection? A case report.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Kauv, Juliette", "Le, Minh P", "Veyrier, Marc", "Le Hingrat, Quentin", "Visseaux, Benoit", "Massias, Laurent", "Chauveheid, Marie-Paule", "Descamps, Diane", "Ghosn, Jade", "Peytavin, Gilles"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457980", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492764, "title": "Stroke care during the Covid-19 pandemic: Experience from three large European countries.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Bersano, Anna", "Kraemer, Markus", "Touze, Emmanuel", "Weber, Ralph", "Alamowitch, Sonia", "Sibon, Igor", "Pantoni, Leonardo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492764", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy", "France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To cope with the exponentially increasing number of patients infected by SARS-Cov-2, European countries carried out enormous efforts to reorganize medical assistance, and several diseases, including stroke, were particularly impacted. Herein, we report the experience of stroke neurologists from three European countries, Italy, France and Germany, that faced the pandemic at diverse time points and with different approaches, depending on their resources and health care system organization. Pre-hospital and in-hospital acute stroke pathways were reorganized to prioritize COVID-19 management, and, in severely affected regions of Italy and France, stroke care was centralized to a limited number of centers while remaining stroke units were dedicated to COVID-19 patients. The access to acute stroke diagnostics and time dependent therapies was limited or delayed because of reduced capacities of emergency services due to the burden of COVID-19 patients. A marked reduction in the number of patients presenting with TIA and stroke was noted in the emergency departments of all three countries. Although we have only preliminary data, overall these conditions may have affected stroke outcome. These indirect effects of COVID-19 pandemic could vanish the last years' efforts of stroke neurologists to improve outcome and reduce mortality of stroke patients. Although SARS-Cov-2 infection rate is slowing down in Europe, the effects of the ending lockdown in the next months are unpredictable. It is important for the European and world stroke community to share the experience learned so far to prepare for the next future and upcoming challenging times in the care of stroke patients."}, {"pmid": 32220878, "title": "Covid-19: Lack of PPE in care homes is risking spread of virus, leaders warn.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220878", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492608, "pmcid": "PMC7258837", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 outbreak measures of lockdown on the Italian Carbon Footprint.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Rugani, Benedetto", "Caro, Dario"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492608", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Stringent lockdown measures implemented in Italy to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 are generating unprecedented economic impacts. However, the environmental consequences associated with the temporary shutdown and recovery of industrial and commercial activities are still not fully understood. Using the well-known carbon footprint (CF) indicator, this paper provides a comprehensive estimation of environmental effects due to the COVID-19 outbreak lockdown measures in Italy. Our aim was to quantify the CF associated with the consumption of energy by any economic activity and region in Italy during the lockdown, and then compare these environmental burdens with the CF calculated for analogous periods from 2015 to 2019 (~March and April). Complementarily, we also conducted a scenario analysis to estimate the post-lockdown CF impact in Italy. A consumption-based approach was applied according to the principles of the established Life Cycle Assessment method. The CF was therefore quantified as a sum of direct and indirect greenhouse gases (GHGs) released from domestically produced and imported energy metabolism flows, excluding the exports. Our findings indicate that the CF in the lockdown period is ~-20% lower than the mean CF calculated for the past. This means avoided GHGs in between ~5.6 and ~10.6 Mt CO2e. Results further suggest that a tendency occurs towards higher impact savings in the Northern regions, on average ~230 kt CO2e of GHGs avoided by province (against ~110-130 kt CO2e in central and Southern provinces). Not surprisingly, these are the utmost industrialized areas of Italy and have been the ones mostly affected by the outbreak. Despite our CF estimates are not free of uncertainties, our research offers quantitative insights to start understanding the magnitude generated by such an exceptional lockdown event in Italy on climate change, and to complement current scientific efforts investigating the relationships between air pollution and the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32402128, "pmcid": "PMC7273091", "title": "Telehealth in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural Veteran and Military Beneficiaries.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Shura, Robert D", "Brearly, Timothy W", "Tupler, Larry A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402128", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32072300, "pmcid": "PMC7079935", "title": "How to face the novel coronavirus infection during the 2019-2020 epidemic: the experience of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Pan, Lingai", "Wang, Li", "Huang, Xiaobo"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32072300", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387544, "pmcid": "PMC7204656", "title": "Response to: Low dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia a double-edged sword.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Kirkby, Charles", "Mackenzie, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387544", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352407, "title": "Preventing cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19 using alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Konig, Maximilian F", "Powell, Mike", "Staedtke, Verena", "Bai, Ren-Yuan", "Thomas, David L", "Fischer, Nicole", "Huq, Sakibul", "Khalafallah, Adham M", "Koenecke, Allison", "Xiong, Ruoxuan", "Mensh, Brett", "Papadopoulos, Nickolas", "Kinzler, Kenneth W", "Vogelstein, Bert", "Vogelstein, Joshua T", "Athey, Susan", "Zhou, Shibin", "Bettegowda, Chetan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352407", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470620, "pmcid": "PMC7255262", "title": "Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicating SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: A diagnostic challenge.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Antinori, Spinello", "Rech, Roberto", "Galimberti, Laura", "Castelli, Antonio", "Angeli, Elena", "Fossali, Tommaso", "Bernasconi, Davide", "Covizzi, Alice", "Bonazzetti, Cecilia", "Torre, Alessandro", "Carsana, Luca", "Tonello, Cristina", "Zerbi, Pietro", "Nebuloni, Manuela"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470620", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467751, "pmcid": "PMC7243827", "title": "The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on oncological surgery.", "journal": "J Surg Case Rep", "authors": ["Kling, Sarah M", "Philp, Matthew M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic is changing the practice of oncologic surgery. Accustomed to fighting cancer with all available means, surgeons are now being asked to delay treatment or make use of alternate strategies to conserve resources. Telemedicine is being widely employed. We present our thoughts on this topic and where we might be in the next several months."}, {"pmid": 32514592, "title": "Severe COVID-19 is associated with deep and sustained multifaceted cellular immunosuppression.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Jeannet, Robin", "Daix, Thomas", "Formento, Remy", "Feuillard, Jean", "Francois, Bruno"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514592", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301766, "pmcid": "PMC7219856", "title": "Cardiovascular Pharmacology in the Time of COVID-19: A Focus on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Pharmacol", "authors": ["Buckley, Leo F", "Cheng, Judy W M", "Desai, Akshay"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301766", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a pandemic affecting millions of adults. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2019 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus of COVID-19, infects host cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Preclinical models suggest that ACE2 upregulation confers protective effects in acute lung injury. In addition, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors reduce adverse atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease outcomes, but may increase ACE2 levels. We review current knowledge of the role of ACE2 in cardiovascular physiology and SARS-CoV-2 virology, as well as clinical data to inform the management of patients with or at risk for COVID-19 who require renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor therapy."}, {"pmid": 32414182, "title": "Unrealistic Optimism in the Time of Coronavirus Pandemic: May It Help to Kill, If So-Whom: Disease or the Person?", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Dolinski, Dariusz", "Dolinska, Barbara", "Zmaczynska-Witek, Barbara", "Banach, Maciej", "Kulesza, Wojciech"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414182", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: The results of numerous empirical studies have showed the occurrence of so-called unrealistic optimism. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether in the situation of an imminent coronavirus pandemic, people would still perceive themselves as being less exposed to the disease than others. Methods: Survey studies were conducted to examine the level of unrealistic optimism. Participants (n = 171, 67.3% of women) in a subjective way judged the risk of their coronavirus infection and the likelihood that this would happen to an average student of the same sex from their class. The survey was conducted in three waves: prior to the announcement of the first case of coronavirus (2-3 March), immediately after that announcement (5-6 March), and a few days later (9-10 March). Results: We showed that women estimated the chances of being infected as significantly higher (M = 4.52, SD = 2.079; t = 2.387; p = 0.018; Cohen's d = 0.393) than men (M = 3.71, SD = 2.042). The phenomenon of unrealistic optimism was observed especially in men (as compared to other male participants) as it appeared in all three measures (M (you) = 3.95 vs. M (other male student) = 4.63; M = 3.71 vs. M = 4.68, and M = 4.46 vs. M = 5.38 in phase one, two, and three, respectively; p 0.006 for all comparison), but also in women in the last two measures (M(you) = 4.55 vs. M (other female student) = 4.95, and M = 4.99 vs. M = 5.38 in phase 2 and 3, respectively; p 0.012 for both comparisons). Conclusions: The study revealed a fairly general occurrence of unrealistic optimism, which was mainly observed in men as it appeared in all three measures, but also in women in the last two measures. This result is important for health experts who are responsible for making people comply with regulations concerning social distancing, putting masks on to stop infection, and staying at home. It is possible that unrealistically optimistic people will behave much less in line with the aforementioned recommendations, causing coronavirus to spread widely."}, {"pmid": 32372802, "pmcid": "PMC7194623", "title": "How do we leave lockdown?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Lawton, Graham"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372802", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With more than a third of the world living under covid-19 restrictions, it is time to decide what happens next, reports Graham Lawton."}, {"pmid": 32469137, "title": "A novel simple scoring model for predicting severity of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Dong, Yalan", "Zhou, Haifeng", "Li, Mingyue", "Zhang, Zili", "Guo, Weina", "Yu, Ting", "Gui, Yang", "Wang, Quansheng", "Zhao, Lei", "Luo, Shanshan", "Fan, Heng", "Hu, Desheng"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469137", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and quickly spread throughout the country and world. An efficient and convenient method based on clinical characteristics was needed to evaluate the potential deterioration in patients. We aimed to develop a simple and practical risk scoring system to predict the severity of COVID-19 patients on admission. We retrospectively investigated the clinical information of confirmed COVID-19 patients from 10 February 2020 to 29 February 2020 in Wuhan Union Hospital. Predictors of severity were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 147 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were grouped into non-severe (94 patients) and severe (53 patients) groups. We found that an increased level of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, D-dimer, fibrinogen (FIB), IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), \u03b1-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), serum\u00a0amyloid\u00a0A (SAA) and a decreased level of lymphocytes were important risk factors associated with severity. Furthermore, three variables were used to formulate a clinical risk scoring system named COVID-19 index\u00a0=\u00a03\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0D-dimer (\u00b5g/L)\u00a0+\u00a02\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0lgESR (mm/hr)\u00a0-\u00a04\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0lymphocyte (\u00d7109 /L)\u00a0+\u00a08. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.843 (95% CI, 0.771-0.914). We propose an effective scoring system to predict the severity of COVID-19 patients. This simple prediction model may provide healthcare workers with a practical method and could positively impact decision-making with regard to deteriorating patients."}, {"pmid": 32400852, "title": "Is Alcohol in Hand Sanitizers Absorbed Through the Skin or Lungs? Implications for Disulfiram Treatment.", "journal": "Alcohol Alcohol", "authors": ["Brewer, Colin", "Streel, Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In view of the increase in the use of ethanol-containing hand sanitizers throughout the world due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, we wished to review the possible risks to patients treated with disulfiram, following a case report in which an apparent DER (disulfiram-ethanol reaction) was attributed to the cutaneous absorption of alcohol from hand sanitizers as well as by inhalation of vapour. Simple experiments to assess the levels of absorption by each route separately. Our results strongly suggest that while amounts of alcohol sufficient to cause a DER may be inhaled when hand sanitizers are used in confined spaces, absorption can be avoided by dispersal of the fumes, and absorption from the skin alone does not occur in pharmacologically significant quantities. Warnings about absorption of alcohol through the skin from hand sanitizers and products such as perfumes, deodorants and after-shave (whose use is often warned against when disulfiram is prescribed) should be modified accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32246515, "title": "Ethics and Economic Growth in the Age of COVID-19: What Is a Just Society to Do?", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Hilsenrath, Peter E"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246515", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507569, "title": "Psychiatric emergency department volume during Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Goldenberg, Matthew N", "Parwani, Vivek"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507569", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279018, "pmcid": "PMC7118619", "title": "Poor survival with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Pooled analysis of early reports.", "journal": "J Crit Care", "authors": ["Henry, Brandon Michael", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279018", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404665, "pmcid": "PMC7268861", "title": "COVID-19 - Implications on and of Surgical Practices: Where Do We Draw the Line?", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Kumar, Nishant Ganesh", "Drolet, Brian C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404665", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504168, "pmcid": "PMC7273117", "title": "Impact of glycoscience in fighting Covid-19.", "journal": "Glycoconj J", "authors": ["Adamo, Roberto", "Sonnino, Sandro"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504168", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405247, "pmcid": "PMC7217796", "title": "The Covid-19 pandemic in Denmark: Big lessons from a small country.", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Olagnier, David", "Mogensen, Trine H"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405247", "countries": ["Denmark"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Denmark, a Scandinavian country of 5.8 million people has weathered the Covid-19 crisis with a relatively low rate of infection and death. Denmark has also become one of the first European countries to partially re-open its society. We offer the perspective that the combination of rapid response from the government, trust and a high level of confidence in government by Danish citizens, and the importance of social heritage contributed to the effective management of the coronavirus crisis."}, {"pmid": 32435852, "pmcid": "PMC7239346", "title": "Gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients: possible involvement of taste renin-angiotensin system (RAS).", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Bigiani, Albertino"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435852", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209549, "title": "Covid-19: trials of four potential treatments to generate \"robust data\" of what works.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sayburn, Anna"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209549", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392384, "pmcid": "PMC7272989", "title": "Reply to Letter to the Editor \"The Optimal Management of Electrodiagnostic Studies during COVID-19 Outbreak\".", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Kassardjian, Charles D", "Desai, Urvi", "Narayanaswami, Pushpa"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392384", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500666, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 in an Orthotopic Liver Transplant Recipient Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Modi, Anita R", "Koval, Christine E", "Taege, Alan J", "Modaresi Esfeh, Jamak", "Eghtesad, Bijan", "Menon, K V Narayanan", "Quintini, Cristiano", "Miller, Charles"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500666", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), mediated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can manifest with flu-like illness and severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Immunocompromised patients merit particular attention as altered host immunity may influence both disease severity and duration of viral shedding as is described with several other ribonucleic acid respiratory viruses. Yet immunocompromised status alone, in the absence of other comorbidities, may not necessarily predict severe illness presentations and poorer clinical outcomes as indicated by recent reports of COVID-19-infected solid organ transplant recipients and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Such patients may even be spared the robust inflammatory response that precipitates ARDS associated with COVID-19, complicating the management of iatrogenic immunosuppression in this setting. We present a case of an orthotopic liver transplant recipient with well-controlled HIV who successfully recovered from a mild, flu-like illness attributed to SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32519360, "title": "Eye care in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Soare, C", "Nowak, V A", "Osborne, S"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519360", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340737, "pmcid": "PMC7160057", "title": "Can You Catch It? Lessons Learned and Modification of ED Triage Symptom- and Travel-Screening Strategy.", "journal": "J Emerg Nurs", "authors": ["Schwedhelm, Michelle M", "Herstein, Jocelyn J", "Watson, Suzanne M", "Mead, Amy L", "Maddalena, Leo", "Liston, Devon D", "Hewlett, Angela L"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340737", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Efficient identification and isolation of patients with communicable diseases limits exposure to health care workers, other patients, and visitors. In August 2014, our team developed and implemented an algorithm to triage suspected cases of Ebola virus disease in a midwestern United States emergency department and outpatient clinics based on patient travel history and symptoms. Here, we present the lessons learned and modifications to update the tool. Two strategies were developed and utilized to properly identify, isolate, and inform on patients with suspected highly hazardous communicable diseases: 1) a robust electronic symptom and travel screen with decision support tools in the electronic medical record, and 2) the availability of workflow protocols for Ebola virus disease, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) once a person under investigation is identified. After action reports provided opportunities to modify the algorithm and improve the identification and isolation processes. Since our screening and travel electronic medical record inception 5 years ago, modifications changed iteratively to further enhance the screening process. Since 2018, staff have identified 5 patients at risk for MERS; in all cases, identification occurred during the check-in process. Exposure investigations in the emergency department decreased significantly after algorithm implementation in January 2019, from 30 in 2018 to 0 in 2019. Although highly hazardous communicable diseases like Ebola virus disease and MERS are of concern due to their mortality rates and limited treatment options, these same concepts may be applied to the early identification and isolation of patients suspected of having more common communicable diseases like measles and influenza, emphasizing the importance of protocol-based screening in the healthcare environment."}, {"pmid": 32374298, "pmcid": "PMC7198195", "title": "[A special edition of the Journal of Visceral Surgery on Covid-19: what problems, dangers and solutions have been identified?]", "authors": ["Pocard, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374298", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517999, "title": "Fulminant myocarditis and COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517999", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463765, "title": "Telehealth Is a Sustainable Population Health Strategy to Lower Costs and Increase Quality of Health Care in Rural Utah.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Thota, Ramya", "Gill, David M", "Brant, Jamie L", "Yeatman, Timothy J", "Haslem, Derrick S"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463765", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A telehealth oncology practice was created to care for patients in rural communities to improve access to health care, decrease financial burdens, and save time. Patients with cancer at Sevier Valley Hospital in Richfield, Utah, were treated with a real-time video-based telehealth program under the care of an oncologist at a tertiary medical center. Data on financial savings, travel hours, mileage avoided, carbon emissions reduced, and revenue retained by Sevier Valley Hospital were collected from 2015 to 2018. From 2015 to 2018, 119 patients with cancer in Richfield, Utah, were treated with telehealth for oncology visits, accounting for 1,025 patient encounters. On average, patients saved 4 hours and 40 minutes and 332 miles roundtrip per encounter. In total, patients' savings were estimated to be $333,074. Carbon emissions were reduced by approximately 150,000 kg. Of new patient referrals, 59% were for solid tumors (70 of 119 referrals; 42 metastatic and 28 nonmetastatic cancers), and 41% were hematology consultations (49 of 119 referrals; 28 classical and 21 malignant hematologic conditions). We estimate that Sevier Valley Hospital retained $3,605,500 in revenue over this 4-year period. Using a telehealth program in rural Utah, patients with cancer benefited from substantial time and monetary savings. The local medical center was able to retain revenue it would have otherwise lost to outsourcing cancer care. Recent regulatory changes to address the COVID-19 pandemic should increase the number of patients with cancer treated via telehealth nationwide."}, {"pmid": 32420544, "pmcid": "PMC7225712", "title": "La proteccion de los sanitarios frente a COVID-19 importa demasiado.", "journal": "J Healthc Qual Res", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Castro, Alejandro", "Escudero-Acha, Patricia", "Penasco, Yhivian"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420544", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293831, "pmcid": "PMC7195980", "title": "Critically-ill COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Halacli, Burcin", "Kaya, Akin", "Topeli, Arzu"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293831", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stands out as the major pandemic that we have experienced in the last century. As it affects every social structure, it brought the importance of intensive care support once again to the agenda of healthcare system after causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. The precautions to be taken against this virus, where our knowledge is extremely small, intensive care units take an indispensable place in pandemic planning. In this review, we aimed to emphasize the crucial points regarding intensive care management of COVID-19 patients, which we have written not only for intensivists but also for all healthcare professionals."}, {"pmid": 32251511, "pmcid": "PMC7153751", "title": "Effectiveness of Surgical and Cotton Masks in Blocking SARS-CoV-2: A Controlled Comparison in 4 Patients.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Bae, Seongman", "Kim, Min-Chul", "Kim, Ji Yeun", "Cha, Hye-Hee", "Lim, Joon Seo", "Jung, Jiwon", "Kim, Min-Jae", "Oh, Dong Kyu", "Lee, Mi-Kyung", "Choi, Seong-Ho", "Sung, Minki", "Hong, Sang-Bum", "Chung, Jin-Won", "Kim, Sung-Han"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251511", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510329, "title": "A Global Immunological Observatory to meet a time of pandemics.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Mina, Michael J", "Metcalf, C Jessica E", "McDermott, Adrian B", "Douek, Daniel C", "Farrar, Jeremy", "Grenfell, Bryan T"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 presents an unprecedented international challenge, but it will not be the last such threat. Here, we argue that the world needs to be much better prepared to rapidly detect, define and defeat future pandemics. We propose that a Global Immunological Observatory and associated developments in systems immunology, therapeutics and vaccine design should be at the heart of this enterprise."}, {"pmid": 32399456, "pmcid": "PMC7213834", "title": "Arterial Mesenteric Thrombosis as a Complication of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["A Beccara, Lia", "Pacioni, Carlotta", "Ponton, Sara", "Francavilla, Simone", "Cuzzoli, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399456", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 52-year-old patient with SARS-CoV-2 was diagnosed with interstitial pneumonia and treated with darunavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). After LMWH cessation, he developed superior mesenteric arterial thrombosis. An abdominal CT scan showed arterial thrombosis of vessels efferent of the superior mesenteric artery with bowel distension. COVID-19 may predispose to venous and arterial thromboembolism. Anticoagulation prophylaxis should be considered in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and potential thromboembolism investigated in each symptomatic patient affected by SARS-CoV-2. Potential thromboembolism must be investigated in each symptomatic patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection.The preventive and therapeutic use of antithrombotic agents should be strongly considered in order to mitigate thrombotic and haemorrhagic events in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32525852, "title": "Knowledge and Practices Regarding Safe Household Cleaning and Disinfection for COVID-19 Prevention - United States, May 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Gharpure, Radhika", "Hunter, Candis M", "Schnall, Amy H", "Barrett, Catherine E", "Kirby, Amy E", "Kunz, Jasen", "Berling, Kirsten", "Mercante, Jeffrey W", "Murphy, Jennifer L", "Garcia-Williams, Amanda G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525852", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent report described a sharp increase in calls to poison centers related to exposures to cleaners and disinfectants since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (1). However, data describing cleaning and disinfection practices within household settings in the United States are limited, particularly concerning those practices intended to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. To provide contextual and behavioral insight into the reported increase in poison center calls and to inform timely and relevant prevention strategies, an opt-in Internet panel survey of 502 U.S. adults was conducted in May 2020 to characterize knowledge and practices regarding household cleaning and disinfection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowledge gaps were identified in several areas, including safe preparation of cleaning and disinfectant solutions, use of recommended personal protective equipment when using cleaners and disinfectants, and safe storage of hand sanitizers, cleaners, and disinfectants. Thirty-nine percent of respondents reported engaging in nonrecommended high-risk practices with the intent of preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission, such as washing food products with bleach, applying household cleaning or disinfectant products to bare skin, and intentionally inhaling or ingesting these products. Respondents who engaged in high-risk practices more frequently reported an adverse health effect that they believed was a result of using cleaners or disinfectants than did those who did not report engaging in these practices. Public messaging should continue to emphasize evidence-based, safe practices such as hand hygiene and recommended cleaning and disinfection of high-touch surfaces to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in household settings (2). Messaging should also emphasize avoidance of high-risk practices such as unsafe preparation of cleaning and disinfectant solutions, use of bleach on food products, application of household cleaning and disinfectant products to skin, and inhalation or ingestion of cleaners and disinfectants."}, {"pmid": 32189081, "pmcid": "PMC7087612", "title": "AI-Driven Tools for Coronavirus Outbreak: Need of Active Learning and Cross-Population Train/Test Models on Multitudinal/Multimodal Data.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Santosh, K C"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189081", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, which was identified in late 2019, requires special attention because of its future epidemics and possible global threats. Beside clinical procedures and treatments, since Artificial Intelligence (AI) promises a new paradigm for healthcare, several different AI tools that are built upon Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are employed for analyzing data and decision-making processes. This means that AI-driven tools help identify COVID-19 outbreaks as well as forecast their nature of spread across the globe. However, unlike other healthcare issues, for COVID-19, to detect COVID-19, AI-driven tools are expected to have active learning-based cross-population train/test models that employs multitudinal and multimodal data, which is the primary purpose of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32503620, "pmcid": "PMC7273823", "title": "Adding Colchicine to the Antiretroviral Medication - Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) in Hospitalized Patients with Non-Severe Covid-19 Pneumonia: A Structured Summary of a Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Dalili, Nooshin", "Kashefizadeh, Alireza", "Nafar, Mohsen", "Poorrezagholi, Fatemeh", "Firouzan, Ahmad", "Samadian, Fariba", "Samavat, Shiva", "Ziaie, Shadi", "Fatemizadeh, Somayeh"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503620", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Colchicine is a well-known drug, which has been used for years to treat a wide range of rheumatic and inflammatory disorders. It helps break the cycle of inflammation through diverse mechanisms including reducing Intereukin-6, Interleukin-8, Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha besides controlling oxidative stress pathways which all are important and pathologic components in the clinical course and outcome of patients infected with COVID-19. This study aims to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of colchicine in non-severe hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Prospective, randomized (1:1 ratio), double blind study with parallel group design. Hospitalized patients with positive nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19 infection (RT -PCR) and lung Computed tomography scan involvement compatible with COVID-19 pneumonia. The patients are not severely hypoxic, do not need intubation or invasive oxygenation. known hypersensitivity to colchicine; known hepatic failure; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<30 ml/min/1.73m2 (by the CKD-EPI Creatinine Equation for Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) which estimates GFR based on serum creatinine. ; kidney transplant recipients, using Digoxin, QTc >450 msec. Participants will be recruited from inpatients at Labbafinejad Meidcal Center , Tehran, Iran. Eligible enrolled patients will be randomized into two groups. Group A will receive the antiretroviral Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) while group B will receive Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) + Colchicine 1.5 mg loading then 0.5 mg twice daily orally. All patients in both groups will receive the same amounts of essential minerals, vitamins as antioxidants, and antibiotics. Patients of both groups will be treated under optimal treatment based on the CDC and WHO guidelines and national consensus proposed in Iran including the same dosages of Lopinavir/Ritonavir, antibiotics, trace elements and antioxidants while only in group-B patients Colchicine will be added on top of this protocol. Primary: Time for clinical improvement and lung CT score changes 14 days after treatment. Secondary: 14 days after treatment - C-Reactive Protein test x Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio , Interleukin-6, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels reduction - Percentage of patients who require supplemental Oxygen - Mean hospital stay length RANDOMISATION: Patients will be allocated to each group (ratio 1:1) by using an online randomization tool: http://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/index.cfm BLINDING (MASKING): This will be a double-blind study in which participants and those assessing the final outcomes will be blinded to group assignment. Regarding the pandemic crisis and our center capacity to hospitalize confirmed COVID-19 patients, a total of 80 patients was found to be logical to be randomized into two groups of 40- patients. Recruitment is ongoing. Recruitment began on 20/03/2020 and the date by which the recruitment is anticipated to be completed is 30/05/2020. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04360980, registered 24/04/2020. The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32360446, "title": "COVID-19: don't neglect antimicrobial stewardship principles!", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Huttner, B D", "Catho, G", "Pano-Pardo, J R", "Pulcini, C", "Schouten, J"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360446", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250049, "pmcid": "PMC7228323", "title": "COVID-19 infection in a paucisymptomatic infant: Raising the index of suspicion in epidemic settings.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Canarutto, Daniele", "Priolo, Alessio", "Russo, Gianni", "Pitea, Marco", "Vigone, Maria Cristina", "Barera, Graziano"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250049", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few children have been reported to have been affected by novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); it is unclear whether children are less likely to be infected or rather display fewer symptoms. We present the case of a 32-day-old boy infected by COVID-19 that presented with an upper air way infection which resolved spontaneously and did not require any therapy. We argue that in epidemic settings children presenting with any mild symptom potentially attributable to COVID-19 should be considered contagious until proven otherwise, and that management must be guided by clinical conditions."}, {"pmid": 32330274, "pmcid": "PMC7188125", "title": "COVID-19 with spontaneous pneumothorax,pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Wang, Weiyi", "Gao, Rundi", "Zheng, Yulu", "Jiang, Libin"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330274", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a case of COVID-19 pneumonia associated with spontaneous pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema."}, {"pmid": 32510263, "title": "Breastfeeding, Human Milk Collection and Containers, and Human Milk Banking: Hot Topics During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Hum Lact", "authors": ["Moro, Guido E", "Bertino, Enrico"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510263", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498376, "title": "Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Drive Necroinflammation in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cells", "authors": ["Tomar, Bhawna", "Anders, Hans-Joachim", "Desai, Jyaysi", "Mulay, Shrikant R"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498376", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is progressing worldwide with an alarming death toll. There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to combat potentially fatal complications. Distinctive clinical features of severe COVID-19 include acute respiratory distress syndrome, neutrophilia, and cytokine storm, along with severe inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis. Here, we propose the putative role of enhanced neutrophil infiltration and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps, complement activation and vascular thrombosis during necroinflammation in COVID-19. Furthermore, we discuss how neutrophilic inflammation contributes to the higher mortality of COVID-19 in patients with underlying co-morbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This perspective highlights neutrophils as a putative target for the immunopathologic complications of severely ill COVID-19 patients. Development of the novel therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophils may help reduce the overall disease fatality rate of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32464519, "pmcid": "PMC7236698", "title": "Can you draw the picture of happiness- Treatment of a young woman with breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Cetin, Bulent", "Rakici, Sema", "Gumusay, Ozge"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464519", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277379, "pmcid": "PMC7148000", "title": "May we deliver neuro-oncology in difficult times (e.g. COVID-19)?", "journal": "J Neurooncol", "authors": ["Perin, Alessandro", "Servadei, Franco", "DiMeco, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277379", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500153, "title": "Pain Management Best Practices from Multispecialty Organizations During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Public Health Crises-Evaluating the Risk of Infection Associated with Corticosteroid Injections.", "journal": "Pain Med", "authors": ["Gill, Jatinder S", "Breeze, Janis L", "Simopoulos, Thomas T"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500153", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348049, "title": "[COVID-19 from the nephrologist's point of view].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Kissling, Sebastien", "Pruijm, Menno"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348049", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the actual pandemic of COVID-19, it has become clear that the virus causing this devastating disease, SARS-CoV2, targets not only the lungs but also other organs. In this article, we discuss the known or suspected interactions between the virus and the kidneys, as well as their clinical presentations. We also discuss how the pandemic has altered the activities of nephrologists and the logistics of a Swiss dialysis center."}, {"pmid": 32292810, "pmcid": "PMC7128296", "title": "[Covid-19 and some ethical issues in France].", "journal": "Ethics Med Public Health", "authors": ["Charlier, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292810", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363046, "pmcid": "PMC7195097", "title": "A new approach to modeling the fade-out threshold of coronavirus disease.", "journal": "Sci Bull (Beijing)", "authors": ["Yue, TianXiang", "Fan, ZeMeng", "Fan, Bin", "Du, ZhengPing", "Wilson, John P", "Yin, XiaoZhe", "Zhao, Na", "Wang, YingAn", "Zhou, ChengHu"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363046", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516817, "title": "A Survey of Labor and Delivery Practices in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Pena, Juan A", "Bianco, Angela T", "Simpson, Lynn L", "Bernstein, Peter S", "Roman, Ashley S", "Goffman, Dena", "Schweizer, William E", "Overbey, Jessica", "Stone, Joanne L"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516817", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, a novel coronavirus, precisely severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), that causes the disease novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a worldwide pandemic. Over a million cases have been confirmed in the United States. As of May 5, 2020, New York State has had over 300,000 cases and 24,000 deaths with more than half of the cases and deaths occurring in New York City (NYC). Little is known, however, of how this virus impacts pregnancy. Given this lack of data and the risk for severe disease in this relatively immunocompromised population, further understanding of the obstetrical management of COVID-19, as well as hospital level preparation for its control, is crucial. Guidance has come from expert opinion, professional societies and public health agencies, but to date, there is no report on how obstetrical practices have adapted these recommendations to their local situations. We therefore developed an internet-based survey to elucidate the practices put into place to guide the care of obstetrical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed obstetrical leaders in four academic medical centers in NYC who were implementing and testing protocols at the height of the pandemic. We found that all sites made changes to their practices, and that there appeared to be agreement with screening and testing for COVID-19, as well as labor and delivery protocols, for SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. We found less consensus with respect to inpatient antepartum fetal surveillance. We hope that this experience is useful to other centers as they formulate their plans to face this pandemic. KEY POINTS: \u00b7 Practices changed to accommodate public health needs.. \u00b7 Most practices are screened for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on admission.. \u00b7 Fetal testing in COVID-19 patients varied.."}, {"pmid": 32297797, "title": "Biobanking During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Biopreserv Biobank", "authors": ["Vaught, Jim"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297797", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199938, "pmcid": "PMC7270593", "title": "Catheterization Laboratory Considerations During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: From the ACC's Interventional Council and SCAI.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Welt, Frederick G P", "Shah, Pinak B", "Aronow, Herbert D", "Bortnick, Anna E", "Henry, Timothy D", "Sherwood, Matthew W", "Young, Michael N", "Davidson, Laura J", "Kadavath, Sabeeda", "Mahmud, Ehtisham", "Kirtane, Ajay J"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199938", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336627, "pmcid": "PMC7175900", "title": "The need of COVID19 free hospitals to maintain cancer care.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Restivo, Angelo", "De Luca, Raffaele", "Spolverato, Gaya", "Delrio, Paolo", "Lorenzon, Laura", "D'Ugo, Domenico", "Gronchi, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336627", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358932, "title": "COVID-19: Perspectives and Reflections from Africa.", "journal": "Afr J Reprod Health", "authors": ["Okonofua, Friday E", "Eimuhi, Karl E", "Omonkhua, Akhere A"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358932", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332295, "pmcid": "PMC7188043", "title": "The Response of the Anesthesia & Analgesia Community to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Vetter, Thomas R", "Pittet, Jean-Francois"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496534, "title": "Letter: Thrombotic Neurovascular Disease in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Sweid, Ahmad", "Hammoud, Batoul", "Weinberg, Joshua H", "Oneissi, Mazen", "Raz, Eytan", "Shapiro, Maksim", "DePrince, Maureen", "Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula", "Gooch, Michael R", "Herial, Nabeel A", "Zarzour, Hekmat", "Romo, Victor", "Rosenwasser, Robert H", "Jabbour, Pascal"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496534", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474104, "pmcid": "PMC7255710", "title": "Virtual Spine: A novel, international teleconferencing program developed to increase the accessibility of spine education during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Rasouli, Jonathan J", "Shin, John H", "Than, Khoi D", "Gibbs, Wende N", "Baum, Griffin R", "Baaj, Ali A"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474104", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic effectively ended all major spine educational conferences in the first half of 2020. In response, the authors formed a \"virtual\" case-based conference series directed at delivering spine education to healthcare providers around the world. We herein share the technical logistics, early participant feedback, and future direction of this initiative. The Virtual Global Spine Conference (VGSC) was created in April 2020 by a multi-institutional team of spinal neurosurgeons and a neuroradiologist. Biweekly virtual meetings were established wherein invited national and international spine care providers would deliver case-based presentations on spine and spine surgery-related conditions via teleconferencing. Promotion was coordinated through social media platforms such as Twitter. VGSC recruited over 1000 surgeons, trainees and other specialists, with 50-100 new registrants per week thereafter. An early survey to the participants, with 168 responders, indicated that 92% viewed the content as highly valuable to their practice and 94% would continue participating post-COVID. Participants from the United States (29%), Middle East (16%), and Europe (12%) comprised the majority of the audience. Approximately 52% were neurosurgeons, 18% orthopaedic surgeons, and 6% neuroradiologists. A majority of participants were physicians (55%) and residents/fellows (21%). The early success of the VGSC reflects a strong interest in spine education despite the COVID pandemic and social distancing guidelines. There is widespread opinion, backed by our own survey results, that many clinicians and trainees wish to see \"virtual\" education continue post-COVID."}, {"pmid": 32383963, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Review of the Literature and Proposal for Safe Autopsy Practice.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Aquila, Isabella", "Sacco, Matteo Antonio", "Abenavoli, Ludovico", "Malara, Natalia", "Arena, Vincenzo", "Grassi, Simone", "Ausania, Francesco", "Boccuto, Luigi", "Ricci, Cristoforo", "Gratteri, Santo", "Oliva, Antonio", "Ricci, Pietrantonio"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383963", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Context: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is significantly changing methodological approaches in all branches of the health system. From a forensic point of view, this event is partly changing the manner in which forensic pathologists and all those who work in autopsy services operate, but above all, it is changing the patterns established for years by which cadavers were analysed postmortem. Objective: To present a review of the literature and a proposal for COVID autopsy protocols. To contain the infection risk, a revision of all the protocols that until now have been applied to the examination of bodies that require autopsy services is required. Data source: Currently, the diagnosis and postmortem analysis of positive or suspected COVID-19 cases plays a crucial role in scientific research. A review of the main recommendations proposed by international scientific societies regarding the risk of infection during autopsy has been carried out. Scientific papers currently available via the PubMed NCBI search engine on COVID-19 postmortem diagnosis were also examined. Discussion: Throughout the history of medicine, the role of autopsy has been fundamental to the understanding of multiple pathogenic processes that are investigated postmortem through autopsy. The purpose of the study is to propose an operating protocol that can be useful for all clinical and forensic autopsies with particular reference to the correct methods to be applied to the examination of positive or suspected COVID-19 cases regarding both the autopsy procedure and the collection and analysis of biological samples."}, {"pmid": 32220659, "pmcid": "PMC7118635", "title": "The official French guidelines to protect patients with cancer against SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["You, Benoit", "Ravaud, Alain", "Canivet, Anne", "Ganem, Gerard", "Giraud, Philippe", "Guimbaud, Rosine", "Kaluzinski, Laure", "Krakowski, Ivan", "Mayeur, Didier", "Grellety, Thomas", "Lotz, Jean-Pierre"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220659", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342675, "title": "COVID-19, A and Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.", "journal": "Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanikit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342675", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448690, "pmcid": "PMC7153524", "title": "Commentary: Rethinking surgical protocols in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Engelman, Daniel T", "Arora, Rakesh C"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448690", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392337, "pmcid": "PMC7239259", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): What do we know about children? A systematic review.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mehta, Nisha S", "Mytton, Oliver T", "Mullins, Edward W S", "Fowler, Tom A", "Falconer, Catherine L", "Murphy, Orla B", "Langenberg, Claudia", "Jayatunga, Wikum J P", "Eddy, Danielle H", "Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392337", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few paediatric cases of COVID-19 have been reported and we know little about the epidemiology in children, though more is known about other coronaviruses. We aimed to understand the infection rate, clinical presentation, clinical outcomes and transmission dynamics for SARS-CoV-2, in order to inform clinical and public health measures. We undertook a rapid systematic review and narrative synthesis of all literature relating to SARS-CoV-2 in paediatric populations. The search terms also included SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. We searched three databases and the COVID-19 resource centres of eleven major journals and publishers. English abstracts of Chinese language papers were included. Data were extracted and narrative syntheses conducted. 24 studies relating to COVID-19 were included in the review. Children appear to be less affected by COVID-19 than adults by observed rate of cases in large epidemiological studies. Limited data on attack rate indicate that children are just as susceptible to infection. Data on clinical outcomes are scarce but include several reports of asymptomatic infection and a milder course of disease in young children, though radiological abnormalities are noted. Severe cases are not reported in detail and there are little data relating to transmission. Children appear to have a low observed case rate of COVID-19 but may have similar rates to adults of infection with SARS-CoV-2. This discrepancy may be because children are asymptomatic or too mildly infected to draw medical attention, be tested and counted in observed cases of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32331981, "pmcid": "PMC7152863", "title": "Continuous temperature monitoring by a wearable device for early detection of febrile events in the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Taiwan, 2020.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Chung, Yi-Ting", "Yeh, Chun-Yin", "Shu, Yu-Chen", "Chuang, Kun-Ta", "Chen, Chang-Chun", "Kao, Hung-Yu", "Ko, Wen-Chien", "Chen, Po-Lin", "Ko, Nai-Ying"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331981", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270760, "pmcid": "PMC7190394", "title": "Treatment concerns for psychiatric symptoms in patients with COVID-19 with or without psychiatric disorders.", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Zhang, Kai", "Zhou, Xiaoqin", "Liu, Huanzhong", "Hashimoto, Kenji"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270760", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many psychiatric patients have been infected with COVID-19, and patients with COVID-19 may develop psychiatric symptoms after treatment with antiviral drugs. Given the tolerability and minimal P450 interactions, antidepressants (i.e., citalopram, escitalopram etc.), antipsychotics (i.e., olanzapine) and valproate can be considered to be safe in combination with antiviral drugs."}, {"pmid": 32391412, "pmcid": "PMC7205626", "title": "On-demand app-based rate and rhythm monitoring to manage atrial fibrillation through tele-consultations during COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc", "authors": ["Pluymaekers, Nikki A H A", "Hermans, Astrid N L", "van der Velden, Rachel M J", "den Uijl, Dennis W", "Vorstermans, Bianca", "Buskes, Saskia", "Hendriks, Jeroen M", "Vernooy, Kevin", "Crijns, Harry J G M", "Linz, Dominik"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391412", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301478, "title": "Counting Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases: Case Definitions, Screened Populations and Testing Techniques Matter.", "journal": "Ann Acad Med Singapore", "authors": ["Koh, David", "Cunningham, Anne Catherine"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301478", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While counting cases of disease appears straightforward, there are issues to consider when enumerating disease counts during an epidemic. For example, for Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), how is a case defined? Hubei province in China changed its case definition twice in a fortnight-from laboratory-confirmed cases to clinically-confirmed cases without laboratory tests, and back to laboratory-confirmed cases. This caused confusion in the reported number of cases. If a confirmed case requires laboratory testing, what is the population who are laboratory-tested? Due to limited laboratory testing capacity in the early phase of an emerging epidemic, only \"suspected cases\" are laboratory-tested in most countries. This will result in underdiagnosis of confirmed cases and also raises the question: how is a \"suspect case\" defined? With the passage of time and increased capability to perform laboratory tests, more people can be screened and the number of confirmed cases will increase. What are the technical considerations of laboratory testing? This includes specimen collection (variable collection methods), samples collected (upper or lower respiratory tract biospecimens), time of collection in relation to course of disease, different laboratory test methods and kits (not all of which may be standardised or approved by authorities such as the Food and Drug Administration). Are approved laboratory facilities and trained manpower available, and how are test results interpreted and false-negatives excluded? These issues will affect the accuracy of disease counts, which in turn will have implications on how we mount an appropriate response to the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32520475, "title": "Dynamics of COVID-19 outbreak in Poland: an epidemiological analysis of the first two months of the epidemic.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Raciborski, Filip", "Pinkas, Jaroslaw", "Jankowski, Mateusz", "Sierpinski, Radoslaw", "Zgliczynski, Wojciech S", "Szumowski, Lukasz", "Rakocy, Kamil", "Wierzba, Waldemar", "Gujski, Mariusz"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520475", "countries": ["Poland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Our aim was to present an epidemiological analysis of the first two months (March and April 2020) of the COVID-19 epidemic in Poland. This analysis was based on data from epidemiological reports collected between March 4 and April 30, 2020, by the Chief Sanitary Inspectorate. These epidemiological reports include data on sociodemographic characteristics of new laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, the number of COVID-19 related deaths, the number of recovered COVID-19 patients, as well as the number of laboratory tests performed.\u00a0 Results: From March 4 to April 30, 2020, a total of 12,877 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases were registered in Poland (55.7% women, mean age 50.6 (20.5) years). The RT-PCR test was performed on 338,000 patients. The notification rate for COVID-19 was 33.2 per 100,000 inhabitants. One-third of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases were among quarantined persons, 26.1% were related to the healthcare system (hospital or clinic), and 13.3% occurred in nursing homes. As of April 30, 2020, 644 COVID-19-related deaths were registered in Poland (46.5% women). The death rate for the whole country was 1.7 per 100,000 inhabitants. Our data show higher notification rate for COVID-19 among women than men but men more likely to die from COVID-19. The notification rate for COVID-19 in Poland among women aged 45-54 years is two times higher than among men."}, {"pmid": 32480215, "pmcid": "PMC7255241", "title": "Trend of respiratory pathogens during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Sberna, Giuseppe", "Amendola, Alessandra", "Valli, Maria Beatrice", "Carletti, Fabrizio", "Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria", "Bordi, Licia", "Lalle, Eleonora"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480215", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Italy, the first SARS-CoV-2 infections were diagnosed in Rome, Lazio region, at the end of January 2020, but sustained transmission occurred later, since the end of February. From 1 February to 12 April 2020, 17,164 nasopharyngeal swabs were tested by real time PCR for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 at the Laboratory of Virology of National Institute for Infectious Diseases \"Lazzaro Spallanzani\" (INMI) in Rome. In the same period, coincident with the winter peak of influenza and other respiratory illnesses, 847 samples were analyzed by multiplex PCR assay for the presence of common respiratory pathogens. In our study the time trend of SARS-CoV-2 and that of other respiratory pathogens in the same observation period were analysed. Overall, results obtained suggest that the spread of the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 virus did not substantially affect the time trend of other respiratory infections in our region, highlighting no significant difference in rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with or without other respiratory pathogens. Therefore, in the present scenario of COVID-19 pandemic, differential diagnosis resulting positive for common respiratory pathogen(s) should not exclude testing of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32401079, "title": "Adapting to the impact of COVID-19: Sharing stories, sharing practice.", "journal": "Med Teach", "authors": ["Cleland, Jennifer", "McKimm, Judy", "Fuller, Richard", "Taylor, David", "Janczukowicz, Janusz", "Gibbs, Trevor"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401079", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health Professions' Educators (HPEs) and their learners have to adapt their educational provision to rapidly changing and uncertain circumstances linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper reports on an AMEE-hosted webinar: Adapting to the impact of COVID-19: Sharing stories, sharing practice. Attended by over 500 colleagues from five continents, this webinar focused on the impact of the virus across the continuum of education and training. Short formal presentations on teaching and learning, assessment, selection and postgraduate training generated wide-ranging questions via the Chatbox. A thematic analysis of the Chatbox thread indicated the most pressing concerns and challenges educators were experiencing in having to adapt programmes and learning across the continuum of medical education and training. The main areas of concern were: campus-based teaching and learning; clinical teaching; selection and assessment, and educator needs. While there is clearly no one simple solution to the unprecedented issues medical education and training face currently, there were two over-arching messages. First, this is a time for colleagues across the globe to help and support each other. Second, many local responses and innovations could have the potential to change the shape of medical education and training in the future."}, {"pmid": 32408338, "title": "Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Sia, Sin Fun", "Yan, Li-Meng", "Chin, Alex W H", "Fung, Kevin", "Choy, Ka-Tim", "Wong, Alvina Y L", "Kaewpreedee, Prathanporn", "Perera, Ranawaka A P M", "Poon, Leo L M", "Nicholls, John M", "Peiris, Malik", "Yen, Hui-Ling"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408338", "countries": ["Syrian Arab Republic"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus with high nucleotide identity to SARS-CoV and SARS-related coronaviruses detected in horseshoe bats, has spread across the world and impacted global healthcare systems and economy1,2. A suitable small animal model is needed to support vaccine and therapy development. We report the pathogenesis and transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 in golden Syrian hamsters. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated viral antigens in nasal mucosa, bronchial epithelial cells, and in areas of lung consolidation on days 2 and 5 post-inoculation (dpi), followed by rapid viral clearance and pneumocyte hyperplasia on 7 dpi. Viral antigen was also found in the duodenum epithelial cells with viral RNA detected in feces. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 transmitted efficiently from inoculated hamsters to na\u00efve hamsters by direct contact and via aerosols. Transmission via fomites in soiled cages was less efficient. Although viral RNA was continuously detected in the nasal washes of inoculated hamsters for 14 days, the communicable period was short and correlated with the detection of infectious virus but not viral RNA. Inoculated and naturally-infected hamsters showed apparent weight loss, and all animals recovered with the detection of neutralizing antibodies. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection in golden Syrian hamsters resemble features found in humans with mild infections."}, {"pmid": 32533107, "title": "Publisher Correction: Risk factors for death from COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Esai Selvan, Myvizhi"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533107", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32301765, "pmcid": "PMC7236855", "title": "Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Practice in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "J Glaucoma", "authors": ["Liebmann, Jeffrey M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301765", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502806, "pmcid": "PMC7239023", "title": "Health anxiety, cyberchondria, and coping in the current COVID-19 pandemic: Which factors are related to coronavirus anxiety?", "journal": "J Anxiety Disord", "authors": ["Jungmann, Stefanie M", "Witthoft, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502806", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to cognitive-behavioral models, traits, triggering events, cognitions, and adverse behaviors play a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of health anxiety. During virus outbreaks, anxiety is widespread. However, the role of trait health anxiety, cyberchondria, and coping in the context of virus anxiety during the current COVID-19 pandemic has not yet been studied. An online survey was conducted in the German general population (N = 1615, 79.8 % female, Mage = 33.36 years, SD = 13.18) in mid-March 2020, which included questionnaires on anxiety associated with SARS-CoV-2, trait health anxiety, cyberchondriaPandemic (i.e. excessive online information search), and emotion regulation. The participants reported a significantly increasing virus anxiety in recent months (previous months recorded retrospectively), especially among individuals with heightened trait health anxiety. CyberchondriaPandemic showed positive correlations with current virus anxiety (r = .09-.48), and this relationship was additionally moderated by trait health anxiety. A negative correlation was found between the perception of being informed about the pandemic and the current virus anxiety (r=-.18), with adaptive emotion regulation being a significant moderator for this relationship. The findings suggest that trait health anxiety and cyberchondria serve as risk factors, whereas information about the pandemic and adaptive emotion regulation might represent buffering factors for anxiety during a virus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32315980, "pmcid": "PMC7156942", "title": "COVID-19 in a MS patient treated with ocrelizumab: does immunosuppression have a protective role?", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Novi, Giovanni", "Mikulska, Malgorzata", "Briano, Federica", "Toscanini, Federica", "Tazza, Francesco", "Uccelli, Antonio", "Inglese, Matilde"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315980", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a novel disease entity that is spreading throughout the world. It has been speculated that patients with comorbidities and elderly patients could be at high risk for respiratory insufficiency and death. Immunosuppression could expose infected patients to even higher risks of disease complications due to dampened immune response. However, it has been speculated that overactive immune response could drive clinical deterioration and, based on this hypothesis, several immunosuppressants are currently being tested as potential treatment for COVID-19. In this paper we report on a patient that has been treated with ocrelizumab (a B-cell depleting monoclonal antibody) for primary progressive multiple sclerosis who developed COVID-19. Despite complete B cell depletion, patient symptoms abated few days after hospitalization, and he was discharged to home-quarantine. Phone interview follow-up confirmed that, after 14 days, no new symptoms occurred. This report supports the putative role of immunosuppressive therapy in COVID-19 affected patients."}, {"pmid": 32385853, "pmcid": "PMC7206409", "title": "The Italian Endo-COVID-19. Our response to the emergency.", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Isidori, A M", "Jannini, E A", "Lenzi, A", "Ghigo, E"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385853", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406512, "pmcid": "PMC7239115", "title": "Angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers are not associated with increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Chodick, Gabriel", "Nutman, Amir", "Yiekutiel, Naama", "Shalev, Varda"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406512", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a large Israeli dataset of 14\u2009520 individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers were not found to be associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 infection after adjusting for major confounders. Patients on these medications should not stop their medication prophylactically."}, {"pmid": 32220203, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Chen, Andre T C", "Coura-Filho, George B", "Rehder, Marilia H H"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220203", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227844, "title": "Is Regional Anesthesia Safe Enough in Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Patients?", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Aminnejad, Reza", "Shafiee, Hamed"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227844", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332765, "title": "Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus by recombinant ACE2-Ig.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Lei, Changhai", "Qian, Kewen", "Li, Tian", "Zhang, Sheng", "Fu, Wenyan", "Ding, Min", "Hu, Shi"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332765", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019, and there are currently no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines available. SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to use the same cell entry receptor as SARS-CoV,\u00a0angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In this report, we generate a recombinant protein by connecting the extracellular domain of human ACE2 to the Fc region of the human immunoglobulin IgG1. A fusion protein containing an ACE2 mutant with low catalytic activity is also used in this study. The fusion proteins are then characterized. Both fusion proteins have a high binding affinity for the receptor-binding domains of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 and exhibit desirable pharmacological properties in mice. Moreover, the fusion proteins neutralize virus pseudotyped with SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins in vitro. As these fusion proteins exhibit cross-reactivity against coronaviruses, they have potential applications in the diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32295405, "title": "Pediatric Characteristics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus: Review of Available Published Literature.", "journal": "Clin Pediatr (Phila)", "authors": ["Yagnik, Priyank J", "Umscheid, Jacob", "Khan, Abdul Wasay", "Ali, Mazahir", "Bhatt, Parth", "Desai, Pooja H"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295405", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412715, "title": "[What is the origin of SARS-CoV-2?]", "journal": "Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc", "authors": ["Torres-Lopez, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412715", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Every time a pandemic occurs, dozens of theories emerge to attribute the origin of the event to different facts. The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit virtually all the globe has been no exception. What is known so far about the origin of the virus that causes COVID 19? The first investigations on the origin of this disease have determined that it is a new type of virus, the origin of which is most likely zoonotic."}, {"pmid": 32271869, "title": "Web Exclusive. Annals On Call - COVID-19: Is Chloroquine the Answer?", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Centor, Robert M", "Kim, Alfred Hyoungju", "Sparks, Jeffrey A"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271869", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525844, "title": "Early safety indicators of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 5,000 patients.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Joyner, Michael J", "Wright, R Scott", "Fairweather, DeLisa", "Senefeld, Jonathon W", "Bruno, Katelyn A", "Klassen, Stephen A", "Carter, Rickey E", "Klompas, Allan M", "Wiggins, Chad C", "Shepherd, John Ra", "Rea, Robert F", "Whelan, Emily R", "Clayburn, Andrew J", "Spiegel, Matthew R", "Johnson, Patrick W", "Lesser, Elizabeth R", "Baker, Sarah E", "Larson, Kathryn F", "Ripoll, Juan G", "Andersen, Kylie J", "Hodge, David O", "Kunze, Katie L", "Buras, Matthew R", "Vogt, Matthew Np", "Herasevich, Vitaly", "Dennis, Joshua J", "Regimbal, Riley J", "Bauer, Philippe R", "Blair, Janis E", "van Buskirk, Camille M", "Winters, Jeffrey L", "Stubbs, James R", "Paneth, Nigel S", "Verdun, Nicole C", "Marks, Peter", "Casadevall, Arturo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525844", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Convalescent plasma is the only antibody based therapy currently available for COVID 19 patients. It has robust historical precedence and sound biological plausibility. Although promising, convalescent plasma has not yet been shown to be safe as a treatment for COVID-19. Thus, we analyzed key safety metrics after transfusion of ABO compatible human COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 5,000 hospitalized adults with severe or life threatening COVID-19, with 66% in the intensive care unit, as part of the US FDA Expanded Access Program for COVID-19 convalescent plasma. The incidence of all serious adverse events (SAEs) in the first four hours after transfusion was <1%, including mortality rate (0.3%). Of the 36 reported SAEs, there were 25 reported incidences of related SAEs, including mortality (n = 4), transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO; n = 7), transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI; n = 11), and severe allergic transfusion reactions (n = 3). However, only 2 (of 36) SAEs were judged as definitely related to the convalescent plasma transfusion by the treating physician. The seven-day mortality rate was 14.9%. Given the deadly nature of COVID 19 and the large population of critically-ill patients included in these analyses, the mortality rate does not appear excessive. These early indicators suggest that transfusion of convalescent plasma is safe in hospitalized patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32409325, "title": "Covid-19: The support UK care homes need to survive.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Carter, Rachel"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409325", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391243, "pmcid": "PMC7206437", "title": "The first case of COVID-19 occurring as community-acquired pneumonia in Hokkaido, Japan and our preventive measures against nosocomial infection.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Yokoo, Keiki", "Sugaya, Fumiko", "Matsuzaka, Suguru", "Ueda, Kentaro", "Kamimura, Ryosuke", "Yokoyama, Takeshi", "Ambo, Yoshiyasu", "Yamada, Gen", "Narita, Yoshiaki"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391243", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case of a 59-year-old man with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). He had visited a hospital for fever and cough and been treated with antibiotics for pneumonia in the right upper lobe. However, he gradually progressed to dyspnea and consulted our hospital. His chest radiographs showed bilateral pneumonia shadows and his CT showed ground glass opacities and consolidation. Although we treated him with broad-spectrum antibiotics, the pneumonia shadow rapidly progressed and mechanical ventilation was administered. We collected sputum from the bronchus using bronchoscopy to detect microorganisms, and RT-PCR tests confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. He was transferred to a designated hospital. In order to prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infections, close contacts within the hospital and medical staff were suspended from their work for two weeks. No secondary infection with COVID-19 appeared. This was the first case of COVID-19 occurring as community-acquired pneumonia in Hokkaido, Japan."}, {"pmid": 32455807, "title": "The COVID-19 Infection in Italy: A Statistical Study of an Abnormally Severe Disease.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["De Natale, Giuseppe", "Ricciardi, Valerio", "De Luca, Gabriele", "De Natale, Dario", "Di Meglio, Giovanni", "Ferragamo, Antonio", "Marchitelli, Vito", "Piccolo, Andrea", "Scala, Antonio", "Somma, Renato", "Spina, Emanuele", "Troise, Claudia"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455807", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We statistically investigate the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, which became particularly invasive in Italy in March 2020. We show that the high apparent lethality or case fatality ratio (CFR) observed in Italy, as compared with other countries, is likely biased by a strong underestimation of the number of infection cases. To give a more realistic estimate of the lethality of COVID-19, we use the actual (March 2020) estimates of the infection fatality ratio (IFR) of the pandemic based on the minimum observed CFR and analyze data obtained from the Diamond Princess cruise ship, a good representation of a \"laboratory\" case-study from an isolated system in which all the people have been tested. From such analyses, we derive more realistic estimates of the real extent of the infection as well as more accurate indicators of how fast the infection propagates. We then isolate the dominant factors causing the abnormal severity of the disease in Italy. Finally, we use the death count-the only data estimated to be reliable enough-to predict the total number of people infected and the interval of time when the infection in Italy could end."}, {"pmid": 32192711, "pmcid": "PMC7118662", "title": "Emergency Caesarean delivery in a patient with confirmed COVID-19 under spinal anaesthesia.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Xia, Haifa", "Zhao, Shuai", "Wu, Zhouyang", "Luo, Huilin", "Zhou, Cheng", "Chen, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192711", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344027, "pmcid": "PMC7195287", "title": "Regarding \"Understanding the 'Scope' of the Problem: Why Laparoscopy Is Considered Safe during the COVID-19 Pandemic\".", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Di Marzo, Francesco", "Cardi, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344027", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474576, "title": "Dose Optimization of Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: Do Blood Concentrations Matter?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ippolito, Matthew M", "Flexner, Charles"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474576", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397199, "title": "What Caused the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: From the Perspective of Crisis Management.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Shangguan, Ziheng", "Wang, Mark Yaolin", "Sun, Wen"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397199", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, China on 8 December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries, causing a worldwide public health crisis. The existing literature fails to examine what caused this sudden outbreak from a crisis management perspective. This article attempts to fill this research gap through analysis of big data, officially released information and other social media sources to understand the root cause of the crisis as it relates to China's current management system and public health policy. The article draws the following conclusions: firstly, strict government control over information was the main reason for the early silencing of media announcements, which directly caused most people to be unprepared and unaware of COVID-19. Secondly, a choice between addressing a virus with an unknown magnitude and nature, and mitigating known public panic during a politically and culturally sensitive time, lead to falsehood and concealment. Thirdly, the weak autonomous management power of local public health management departments is not conducive for providing a timely response to the crisis. Finally, the privatization of many state-owned hospitals led to the unavailability of public health medical resources to serve affected patients in the Wuhan and Hubei Province. This article suggests that China should adopt a Singaporean-style public health crisis information management system to ensure information disclosure and information symmetry and should use it to monitor public health crises in real time. In addition, the central government should adopt the territorial administration model of a public health crisis and increase investment in public health in China."}, {"pmid": 32400349, "pmcid": "PMC7263564", "title": "Identification of Falsified Chloroquine Tablets in Africa at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Gnegel, Gesa", "Hauk, Cathrin", "Neci, Richard", "Mutombo, Georges", "Nyaah, Fidelis", "Wistuba, Dorothee", "Hafele-Abah, Christine", "Heide, Lutz"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400349", "countries": ["Germany", "Cameroon"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reports that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine may be effective against COVID-19 have received worldwide attention, increasing the risk of the introduction of falsified versions of these medicines. Five different types of falsified chloroquine tablets were discovered between March 31, 2020 and April 4, 2020, in Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo by locally conducted thin layer chromatographic analysis. Subsequent investigation by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry in Germany proved the absence of detectable amounts of chloroquine and the presence of undeclared active pharmaceutical ingredients, that is, paracetamol and metronidazole, in four of the samples. The fifth sample contained chloroquine, but only 22% of the declared amount. Such products represent a serious risk to patients. Their occurrence exemplifies that once medicines or vaccines against COVID-19 may be developed, falsified products will enter the market immediately, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Timely preparations for the detection of such products are required, including the establishment of appropriate screening technologies in LMICs."}, {"pmid": 32429747, "title": "Adapting a Comfort Care Order Set in a Large Health System during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Dingfield, Laura E", "Flores, Emilia J", "Radcliff, Jacob A", "Stamm, Rebecca", "Uritsky, Tanya J"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429747", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317272, "title": "Tackling covid-19: are the costs worth the benefits?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Appleby, John"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317272", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337546, "pmcid": "PMC7197570", "title": "Colchicine as a potent anti-inflammatory treatment in COVID-19: can we teach an old dog new tricks?", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Deftereos, Spyridon", "Giannopoulos, George", "Vrachatis, Dimitrios A", "Siasos, Gerasimos", "Giotaki, Sotiria G", "Cleman, Michael", "Dangas, George", "Stefanadis, Christodoulos"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337546", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530148, "title": "[Preliminary report on the Covid-19 outbreak in Valle d'Aosta dialysis centers].", "journal": "G Ital Nefrol", "authors": ["Manes, Massimo", "Radin, Elisabetta", "Pellu, Valentina", "Molino, Andrea", "Gabrielli, Danila", "Paternoster, Giuseppe", "Parodi, Emanuele", "Priante, Laura", "Catania, Alberto", "Doveri, Giulio"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530148", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Valle d'Aosta, Italy's smallest region, faced a Covid-19 epidemic trend of absolute relevance. In line with data concerning the local general population, the predominance of the illness among uremic patients has been high. The authors report here preliminary data on the spread of this disease within the region and on the clinical trend of the infected patients who needed to be hospitalised."}, {"pmid": 32407741, "pmcid": "PMC7212997", "title": "Association of outdoor activity restriction and income loss with patient-reported outcomes of psoriasis during the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based survey.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Kuang, Yehong", "Shen, Minxue", "Wang, Qiaolin", "Xiao, Yi", "Lv, Chengzhi", "Luo, Yan", "Zhu, Wu", "Chen, Xiang"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407741", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378797, "title": "Epidemiology and clinical features of emergency department patients with suspected COVID-19: Initial results from the COVID-19 Emergency Department Quality Improvement Project (COVED-1).", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["O'Reilly, Gerard M", "Mitchell, Rob D", "Rajiv, Prithi", "Wu, Jamin", "Brennecke, Helen", "Brichko, Lisa", "Noonan, Michael P", "Hiller, Ryan", "Mitra, Biswadev", "Luckhoff, Carl", "Paton, Andrew", "Smit, De Villiers", "Santamaria, Mark J", "Cameron, Peter A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378797", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 Emergency Department (COVED) Quality Improvement Project aims to provide regular and real-time clinical information to ED clinicians caring for patients with suspected and confirmed COVID-19. The present study summarises data from the first 2\u2009weeks of the study. COVED is an ongoing prospective cohort study that commenced on 1 April 2020. It includes all adult patients presenting to a participating ED who undergo testing for SARS-CoV-2. Data are collected prospectively and entered into a bespoke registry. Outcomes include a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test result and requirement for intensive respiratory support. In the period 1-14 April 2020, 240 (16%) of 1508 patients presenting to The Alfred Emergency and Trauma Centre met inclusion criteria. Of these, 11 (5%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The mean age of patients was 60\u2009years and the commonest symptoms were acute shortness of breath (n\u2009=\u2009122 [67%]), cough (n\u2009=\u2009108 [56%]) or fever (n\u2009=\u200998 [51%]). Overseas travel or known contact with a confirmed case was reported by 24 (14%) and 16 (10%) patients, respectively. Fever or hypoxia was recorded in 23 (10%) and 11 (5%) patients, respectively. Eleven (5%) patients received mechanical ventilation in the ED, of whom none tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among patients presenting to a tertiary ED with suspected COVID-19, only a small proportion tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Although the low incidence of positive cases currently precludes the development of predictive tools, the COVED Project demonstrates that the rapid establishment of an agile clinical registry for emergency care is feasible."}, {"pmid": 32043985, "pmcid": "PMC7129704", "title": "Australian Government releases face masks to protect against coronavirus.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Kirby, Tony"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32043985", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269597, "pmcid": "PMC7134578", "title": "Upheaval in cancer care during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Ecancermedicalscience", "authors": ["Salako, Omolola", "Okunade, Kehinde", "Allsop, Matthew", "Habeebu, Muhammedu", "Toye, Mariam", "Oluyede, Glory", "Fagbenro, Gabriel", "Salako, Babatunde"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269597", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On Monday, 23 March 2020, Nigeria recorded its first mortality from the novel global COVID-19 outbreak. Before this, the country reported 36 confirmed cases (at the time of writing) and has discharged home two cases after weeks of care at a government-approved isolation centre in Lagos State. This first mortality was that of a 67-year-old man with a history of multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer. He was undergoing chemotherapy and had just returned to Nigeria following medical treatment in the United Kingdom. The novel COVID-19 pandemic has grounded several global activities including the provision of health care services to people with chronic conditions such as cancer. Evidence from China suggests that cancer patients with COVID-19 infection are a vulnerable group, with a higher risk of severe illness resulting in intensive care unit admissions or death, particularly if they received chemotherapy or surgery. This letter is an attempt to suggest practicable interventions such as the use of existing digital health platforms to limit patients' and oncology professionals' physical interactions as a way of reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection transmission amongst cancer patients and oncologists, as well as outlining effective strategies to ensure that cancer care is not completely disrupted during the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32321232, "title": "A man in his nineties with fever and dry cough.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Boren, Hakon Kinck", "Kjostolfsen, Gjertrud Hole", "Aalokken, Trond Mogens", "Latif, Nadim", "Brekke, Hanne", "Lind, Andreas", "Hesstvedt, Liv"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321232", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 can cause a fatal outcome in elderly patients, as this case report illustrates. An active male in his nineties with a high level of function, despite several severe chronic diseases, was admitted to Oslo University Hospital after two days of fatigue, fever, dyspnoea and dry cough. He scored qSOFA 1 of 3\u00a0points due to high respiratory rate, and SIRS 2 of 4\u00a0points due to high respiratory rate and fever of 39.4\u00ba C. PCR for influenza virus was negative and he received benzylpenicillin for pneumonia. The chest X-ray taken initially showed no lung affection. On day 5 after symptom debut he was tested for COVID-19 which was positive. He had not been travelling to high-risk areas or been exposed to any known confirmed COVID-19\u00a0patients. On the same day, a chest CT scan was performed that showed ground-glass opacities. In subsequent days the patient's health rapidly deteriorated. He developed irreversible respiratory failure with hypoxia without hypercapnia despite substantial oxygen support. Chest X-ray taken on disease day 7 showed progression of consolidations. The patient died 9 days after symptom debut. This case illustrates a severe course of COVID-19 with fatal outcome. The patient was also one of the earliest admitted with COVID-19 in a Norwegian hospital and marked a new phase of the epidemic, as he had not been travelling to high-risk areas or been exposed to any confirmed COVID-19\u00a0patients."}, {"pmid": 32527073, "title": "Cerebrovascular events in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Mishra, Ajay Kumar", "Sahu, Kamal Kant", "George, Anu Anna", "Sargent, Jennifer", "Lal, Amos"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527073", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19 are more frequently being reported. Cerebrovascular events have been reported in around 3% of patients. In this review we summarize the published literature on cerebrovascular events in patients with COVID-19 as available on the PubMed database. So far, 3 studies have reported cerebrovascular events. Cerebrovascular events were identified on screening patients with decreased consciousness or in the presence of focal neurological deficits. These events were common in elderly, critically ill patients and in patients with prior cardio-cerebrovascular comorbidities. The diagnosis of cerebrovascular events was confirmed with computed tomography of the brain in most studies reporting neurological events. Multiple pathological mechanisms have been postulated regarding the process of neurological and vascular injury among which cytokine storm is shown to correlate with mortality. Patients with severe illness are found to have a higher cardio- cerebrovascular comorbidity. With an increasing number of cases and future prospective studies, the exact mechanism by which these cerebrovascular events occur and attribute to the poor outcome will be better understood."}, {"pmid": 32303925, "pmcid": "PMC7165075", "title": "The Burden of COVID-19 in People Living with HIV: A Syndemic Perspective.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Shiau, Stephanie", "Krause, Kristen D", "Valera, Pamela", "Swaminathan, Shobha", "Halkitis, Perry N"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303925", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 creates another health burden for people living with HIV (PLWH) who face multiple morbidities and may be at heightened risk for severe physical health illness from COVID-19. Our abilities to address these morbidities in PLWH must be considered alongside the socially-produced burdens that both place this population at risk for COVID-19 and heighten the likelihood of adverse outcomes. These burdens can affect the physical, emotional, and social well-being of PLWH and interfere with the delivery of effective healthcare and access to HIV treatment. We posit that a syndemic framework can be used to conceptualize the potential impact of COVID-19 among PLWH to inform the development of health programming services."}, {"pmid": 32455471, "title": "Our First Month of Delivering the Prostate Cancer Diagnostic Pathway within the Limitations of COVID-19 Using Local Anaesthetic Transperineal Biopsy.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Popert, Rick", "Kum, Francesca", "MacAskill, Findlay", "Stroman, Luke", "Zisengwe, Grace", "Rusere, Jonah", "Haire, Kate", "Challacombe, Ben", "Cathcart, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455471", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting all urological cancer services. On March 19th the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) provided pragmatic guidance for prostate cancer diagnostic services (Table 1).(1)."}, {"pmid": 32499129, "pmcid": "PMC7238989", "title": "Immunotherapies for COVID-19: Restoring the immunity could be the priority.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Allaouchiche, Bernard"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499129", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307245, "pmcid": "PMC7129535", "title": "Treatment options for COVID-19: The reality and challenges.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Jean, Shio-Shin", "Lee, Ping-Ing", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307245", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. An extremely high potential for dissemination resulted in the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020. Despite the worsening trends of COVID-19, no drugs are validated to have significant efficacy in clinical treatment of COVID-19 patients in large-scale studies. Remdesivir is considered the most promising antiviral agent; it works by inhibiting the activity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). A large-scale study investigating the clinical efficacy of remdesivir (200\u00a0mg on day 1, followed by 100\u00a0mg once daily) is on-going. The other excellent anti-influenza RdRp inhibitor favipiravir is also being clinically evaluated for its efficacy in COVID-19 patients. The protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV) alone is not shown to provide better antiviral efficacy than standard care. However, the regimen of LPV/RTV plus ribavirin was shown to be effective against SARS-CoV in\u00a0vitro. Another promising alternative is hydroxychloroquine (200\u00a0mg thrice daily) plus azithromycin (500\u00a0mg on day 1, followed by 250\u00a0mg once daily on day 2-5), which showed excellent clinical efficacy on Chinese COVID-19 patients and anti-SARS-CoV-2 potency in\u00a0vitro. The roles of teicoplanin (which inhibits the viral genome exposure in cytoplasm) and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 are under investigation. Avoiding the prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin II type I receptor blockers is advised for COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32450560, "title": "COVID-19, Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin, and Hemodialysis.", "journal": "Kidney Blood Press Res", "authors": ["Perna, Alessandra F", "Capolongo, Giovanna", "Trepiccione, Francesco", "Simeoni, Mariadelina", "Zacchia, Miriam", "Ingrosso, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450560", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457999, "title": "Tocilizumab not associated with increased infection risk after CAR T - Implications for COVID-19?", "journal": "Blood", "authors": ["Frigault, Matthew J", "Nikiforow, Sarah", "Mansour, Michael", "Hu, Zhen-Huan", "Horowitz, Mary M", "Riches, Marcie", "Hematti, Peiman", "Turtle, Cameron J", "Zhang, Mei-Jie", "Perales, Miguel-Angel", "Pasquini, Marcelo C"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457999", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240634, "pmcid": "PMC7158570", "title": "Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Verity, Robert", "Okell, Lucy C", "Dorigatti, Ilaria", "Winskill, Peter", "Whittaker, Charles", "Imai, Natsuko", "Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina", "Thompson, Hayley", "Walker, Patrick G T", "Fu, Han", "Dighe, Amy", "Griffin, Jamie T", "Baguelin, Marc", "Bhatia, Sangeeta", "Boonyasiri, Adhiratha", "Cori, Anne", "Cucunuba, Zulma", "FitzJohn, Rich", "Gaythorpe, Katy", "Green, Will", "Hamlet, Arran", "Hinsley, Wes", "Laydon, Daniel", "Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma", "Riley, Steven", "van Elsland, Sabine", "Volz, Erik", "Wang, Haowei", "Wang, Yuanrong", "Xi, Xiaoyue", "Donnelly, Christl A", "Ghani, Azra C", "Ferguson, Neil M"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240634", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the face of rapidly changing data, a range of case fatality ratio estimates for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been produced that differ substantially in magnitude. We aimed to provide robust estimates, accounting for censoring and ascertainment biases. We collected individual-case data for patients who died from COVID-19 in Hubei, mainland China (reported by national and provincial health commissions to Feb 8, 2020), and for cases outside of mainland China (from government or ministry of health websites and media reports for 37 countries, as well as Hong Kong and Macau, until Feb 25, 2020). These individual-case data were used to estimate the time between onset of symptoms and outcome (death or discharge from hospital). We next obtained age-stratified estimates of the case fatality ratio by relating the aggregate distribution of cases to the observed cumulative deaths in China, assuming a constant attack rate by age and adjusting for demography and age-based and location-based under-ascertainment. We also estimated the case fatality ratio from individual line-list data on 1334 cases identified outside of mainland China. Using data on the prevalence of PCR-confirmed cases in international residents repatriated from China, we obtained age-stratified estimates of the infection fatality ratio. Furthermore, data on age-stratified severity in a subset of 3665 cases from China were used to estimate the proportion of infected individuals who are likely to require hospitalisation. Using data on 24 deaths that occurred in mainland China and 165 recoveries outside of China, we estimated the mean duration from onset of symptoms to death to be 17\u00b78 days (95% credible interval [CrI] 16\u00b79-19\u00b72) and to hospital discharge to be 24\u00b77 days (22\u00b79-28\u00b71). In all laboratory confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases from mainland China (n=70\u2008117), we estimated a crude case fatality ratio (adjusted for censoring) of 3\u00b767% (95% CrI 3\u00b756-3\u00b780). However, after further adjusting for demography and under-ascertainment, we obtained a best estimate of the case fatality ratio in China of 1\u00b738% (1\u00b723-1\u00b753), with substantially higher ratios in older age groups (0\u00b732% [0\u00b727-0\u00b738] in those aged <60 years vs 6\u00b74% [5\u00b77-7\u00b72] in those aged \u226560 years), up to 13\u00b74% (11\u00b72-15\u00b79) in those aged 80 years or older. Estimates of case fatality ratio from international cases stratified by age were consistent with those from China (parametric estimate 1\u00b74% [0\u00b74-3\u00b75] in those aged <60 years [n=360] and 4\u00b75% [1\u00b78-11\u00b71] in those aged \u226560 years [n=151]). Our estimated overall infection fatality ratio for China was 0\u00b766% (0\u00b739-1\u00b733), with an increasing profile with age. Similarly, estimates of the proportion of infected individuals likely to be hospitalised increased with age up to a maximum of 18\u00b74% (11\u00b70-37\u00b76) in those aged 80 years or older. These early estimates give an indication of the fatality ratio across the spectrum of COVID-19 disease and show a strong age gradient in risk of death. UK Medical Research Council."}, {"pmid": 32389723, "pmcid": "PMC7205718", "title": "Computational screening of antagonists against the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronavirus by molecular docking.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Yu, Ran", "Chen, Liang", "Lan, Rong", "Shen, Rong", "Li, Peng"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389723", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current spread of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), antiviral drug discovery is of great importance. AutoDock Vina was used to screen potential drugs by molecular docking with the structural protein and non-structural protein sites of new coronavirus. Ribavirin, a common antiviral drug, remdesivir, chloroquine and luteolin were studied. Honeysuckle is generally believed to have antiviral effects in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, luteolin (the main flavonoid in honeysuckle) was found to bind with a high affinity to the same sites of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 as the control molecule. Chloroquine has been proved clinically effective and can bind to the main protease; this may be the antiviral mechanism of this drug. The study was restricted to molecular docking without validation by molecular dynamics simulations. Interactions with the main protease may play a key role in fighting against viruses. Luteolin is a potential antiviral molecule worthy of attention."}, {"pmid": 32317053, "pmcid": "PMC7175653", "title": "SARS-CoV2 infection and primary school closure.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Vanhems, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317053", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530490, "title": "A Simple Method for Detection of a Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) using One-step RT-PCR followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Son, Ho Anh", "Hang, Dinh Thi Thu", "Thuan, Nghiem Duc", "Quyen, Le Thi Bao", "Thuong, Luong Thi Hoai", "Nga, Vu Thi", "Quang, Le Bach", "Hung, Trinh Thanh", "Son, Nguyen Thai", "Linh, Nguyen Tung", "Nam, Le Van", "Van Ba, Nguyen", "Tien, Tran Viet", "Quyet, Do", "Van Luong, Hoang", "Su, Hoang Xuan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530490", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus associated with acute respiratory disease (named SARS-CoV-2) is recently identified in Wuhan city, China, spread rapidly worldwide. An early identification of this novel coronavirus by molecular tools is critical for surveillance and control of the epidemic outbreak. We aimed to establish a simple method for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in differentiating with SARS-CoV. Primers of our in-house RT-PCR assays were designed to target conserved regions of the RdRP gene and E gene, selected restriction enzymes EcoRI, Tsp45I and AluI to distinguish between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. In this report, a 396 bp fragment of the RdRp gene and 345 bp fragment of the E gene were amplified by one-step RT-PCR. Enzyme Tsp45I cuts the RdRP amplified product of SARS-CoV-2 generating 3 fragments of 45, 154 and 197 bp, but it did not cut the amplicon of SARS-CoV. In contrast, the amplified product of SARS-CoV was digested with EcoRI producing 2 fragments of 76 and 320 bp, whereas, the amplicon of SARS-CoV-2 was undigested by Tsp45I help to distinguish clearly SARS-CoV-2 from SARS-CoV on gel electrophoresis. In addition, AluI cut the amplicon of the E gene of SARS-CoV-2 generating 2 fragments of 248 and 97 bp without cutting to SARS-CoV. Accuracy of assay was confirmed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. When evaluated on clinical samples showed a high sensitivity of 95%, specificity of our assay was 100% and clinical performance for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with other reference assays. In conclusion, the present study, we successfully developed a simple method for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in differentiating with SARS-CoV. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32363224, "pmcid": "PMC7194056", "title": "Use of a novel adhesive suture retention wound closure device to prevent patient follow-up visits during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "JAAD Case Rep", "authors": ["Roybal, Lacey L", "Howerter, Stephanie", "Markus, Brandon", "Young, John", "Lear, William"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363224", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467526, "title": "Sequencing Treatments for Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Muralidhar, Vinayak", "Dee, Edward Christopher", "D'Amico, Anthony V"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467526", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386986, "pmcid": "PMC7252130", "title": "Arterial and venous thromboembolic disease in a patient with COVID-19: A case report.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Bruggemann, Renee", "Gietema, Hester", "Jallah, Borefore", "Ten Cate, Hugo", "Stehouwer, Coen", "Spaetgens, Bart"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386986", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220657, "pmcid": "PMC7146667", "title": "Parenting in a time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Cluver, Lucie", "Lachman, Jamie M", "Sherr, Lorraine", "Wessels, Inge", "Krug, Etienne", "Rakotomalala, Sabine", "Blight, Stephen", "Hillis, Susan", "Bachman, Gretchen", "Green, Ohad", "Butchart, Alex", "Tomlinson, Mark", "Ward, Catherine L", "Doubt, Jennifer", "McDonald, Kerida"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220657", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348791, "pmcid": "PMC7195341", "title": "Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with abnormal liver tests.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Chen, Peng", "Zhou, Benhong"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348791", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457528, "title": "National COVID numbers - Benford's law looks for errors.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Sambridge, Malcolm", "Jackson, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457528", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460551, "title": "The Time of Uncertainty in Poland.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Dzida, Grzegorz J"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460551", "countries": ["Poland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361715, "title": "Clinical trials and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Hell J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Retsas, Spyros"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361715", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\"...but why think? Why not try the experiment?...\" John Hunter (1728-1793), in a letter to Edward Jenner. August 2nd, 1775. When Galen of Pergamum (2nd c. A.D.), physician, philosopher and experimentalist, sought to ascertain the therapeutic properties of Theriac, an antidote of repute against poisons, he resorted to an experiment. Theriac or Theriaca was a compound drug, containing in some versions used in antiquity numerous components; Galen's own composition included over 70 ingredients! One of its uses was as an antidote against snakebites, a frequent peril for the Roman armies marching on in sandals. Galen spent most of his life in Rome and was elevated to Imperial Physician at the court of Marcus Aurelius, who apparently took daily doses of Theriac, which among other components included opium. Describing the experiment to his friend Pison, Galen wrote, \"as I could not possibly conduct a trial on humans, I experimented on roosters\" For his experiment, Galen, studied two groups of roosters, but he doesn't tell us how many animals he included in each category. Both groups were exposed to poisonous snakebites. All roosters who were fed with theriac prior to exposure to viper bites survived, whereas in the second group that had not received prophylactic Theriac, all roosters died. Not only is Galen's methodology remarkable, preceding the modern randomised trial by eighteen centuries, but more importantly, it is notable for his ethical stance at a time when sensitivities about human rights, prevalent in our times, were largely absent in societies of widespread slavery. For example, Mithridates VI (132-63 BC), the King of Pontus who is credited with the first use of Theriac, tested its efficacy on criminals and slaves. For his experiment Galen used the random allocation of treatment, today's prospective randomised clinical trial, implemented in the evaluation of novel therapies, widely used internationally, particularly in cancer research! This experimental method used for ascertaining the efficacy of new drugs became established after the second half of the 20th century and is now firmly entrenched as a research tool. On the other hand, the retrieval of information from observational studies or non-randomised series is considered scientifically inferior and is often dismissed or ignored as irrelevant or anecdotal. Such is the compulsion for the randomised study that in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, respected physicians and scientists appeared in the media hesitant to recommend the use of protective facial masks, as there was no evidence of benefit for their use from prospective randomised studies in the general population! Logic had no place in the argument! COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 new corona virus, brought to the fore the randomised trial, as well as, the ethical dilemmas that surround the allocation of treatment at random, in the face of a devastating pandemic. Anthony Fauci, distinguished infectious diseases expert and an adviser to the President of the USA, at a recent briefing from the Situation Room of the White House, endorsed categorically and unreservedly the randomised trial for the evaluation of drugs potentially effective against SARS-CoV-2, in patients afflicted with COVID-19. A few days later on April 8th, 2020, Professor Sotiris Tsiodras, scientific advisor to the Greek Government for COVID-19 and an expert on infectious diseases, when asked by a journalist about chloroquine, he responded, \"Antony Fauci is correct. Nevertheless, we give the drug to everyone, that is, not half of the patients will receive it, and the other half will not\". If we accept that the randomised trial represents the unique, impregnable method of evaluating new treatments-several clinicians dispute this dogma. -the question arises how will treatments be allocated to patients? According to the Declaration of Helsinki participation of a subject in a clinical trial requires their explicit written consent. Will, a potentially hypoxic patient rapidly deteriorating, be able to understand what is being asked of them, and will that patient be in a position to provide consent? And if that patient refuses to be randomised, what are the options? Is it his/her right to request the active treatment that a fellow patient is receiving in the next bed? Although the Declaration of Helsinki allows the option of no treatment or even placebo, where no known treatment is available for a certain condition, such as COVID-19, it also emphasizes that \"while the primary purpose of medical research is to generate new knowledge, this goal can never take precedence over the rights and interests of individual research subjects\". Consider now the physicians and nurses on the first line of the battle against the pandemic; to the enormous pressures and risks that they experience daily, they may have to endure the added psychological burden of the randomised trial, knowing that half of their patients are receiving the promising drug, whilst the other half are denied the chance of potential benefit. When during the Medical Research Council's randomized trial of streptomycin, one senior physician contracted tuberculosis, the Medical Research Council obtained supplies for him outside the trial. In this brief instance of medical history, the equipoise, the scientific imperative, all arguments and other justifications for providing treatment at random, were thrown out of the window in favour of the human factor! Why is randomization necessary? Because-it is presumed-the process of randomising subjects, protects the study from the selective inclusion of patients with favourable characteristics, thus inadvertently allowing or facilitating a falsely favourable result for the drug or treatment under investigation. However, the process of randomising patients does not necessarily result in the randomisation of the characteristics of their disease. Exactly because of this, at the end of a randomised study, even if the prognostic variables are evenly represented and balanced in the strata, further confirmation of the result is sought with a statistical multifactorial analysis. Such multifactorial analyses can also be applied to a non-randomised group of patients engaged in the trial of a new drug. Since the middle of the 20th century a generation of physicians have been trained to dismiss, or are incapable of evaluating the validity of a treatment beyond the established etiquette of the randomised study. This, some have argued, constitutes intellectual indolence, it is not scientific robustness. Pandits foresee that the world will be different after the end of this pandemic. Perhaps human ingenuity will seek new investigative methods that will render the randomised clinical trial obsolete, both, on methodological and ethical grounds. Until then and even if we have to accept the scientific supremacy of the randomised study in the evaluation of novel therapies, the ethical considerations in the unprecedented circumstances of a relentless pandemic demand a more humane approach, befitting the beneficent precepts of the Hippocratic tradition."}, {"pmid": 32346490, "pmcid": "PMC7187848", "title": "Structural elucidation of SARS-CoV-2 vital proteins: Computational methods reveal potential drug candidates against main protease, Nsp12 polymerase and Nsp13 helicase.", "journal": "J Pharm Anal", "authors": ["Mirza, Muhammad Usman", "Froeyen, Matheus"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346490", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 caused a major outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and instigated a widespread fear, threatening global health security. To date, no licensed antiviral drugs or vaccines are available against COVID-19 although several clinical trials are underway to test possible therapies. During this urgency situation, computational drug discovery methods provide an alternative to tiresome high-throughput screening, particularly in the hit-to-lead-optimization stage. Identification of small molecules that specifically target viral replication apparatus has indicated highest potential towards antiviral drug discovery. In this work, we present potential compounds that specifically target SARS-CoV-2 vital proteins, including the main protease, Nsp12 RNA polymerase and Nsp13 helicase. An integrative virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations approach led to the identification of potential binding modes and favourable molecular interaction profile of corresponding compounds. Moreover, the identification of structurally important binding site residues in conserved motifs located inside the active site highlights relative importance of ligand binding based on residual energy decomposition analysis. Although the current study lacks experimental validation, the structural information obtained from this computational study has paved way for the design of targeted inhibitors to combat COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32401359, "pmcid": "PMC7272796", "title": "Recovery from COVID-19 in two patients with coexisted HIV infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wu, Qiuji", "Chen, Tielong", "Zhang, Hongyan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401359", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become a global health concern. HIV-infected patients are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to their immune-compromised status. The clinical manifestations and clinical outcomes of these patients are not clear. In this report, we presented two special COVID-19 patients with HIV infection and other comorbidities. We described the clinical characteristics, clinical manifestations, treatments and clinical outcomes of both patients. One patient with prior HIV-infection continued anti-HIV treatment when diagnosed with COVID-19. The other patient was newly diagnosed with HIV-infection when diagnosed with COVID-19 and had not begun anti-HIV treatment. Both patients were treated with anti-viral, antibiotics, oxygen treatment and supportive care and recovered from severe pneumonia. The experience of these two cases suggested that COVID-19 patients with HIV infection could still have satisfactory clinical outcomes following proper medical care. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32475769, "pmcid": "PMC7211748", "title": "Consequences of COVID-19 on people with diabetes.", "journal": "Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr", "authors": ["Bellido, Virginia", "Perez, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475769", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232217, "pmcid": "PMC7092922", "title": "Risks of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Pregnancy; a Narrative Review.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Panahi, Latif", "Amiri, Marzieh", "Pouy, Somaye"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232217", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the new Coronavirus in China in December 2019 and subsequently in various countries around the world has raised concerns about the possibility of vertical transmission of the virus from mother to fetus. The present study aimed to review published literature in this regard. In this narrative review, were searched for all articles published in various databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, and Web of Science using MeSH-compliant keywords including COVID-19, Pregnancy, Vertical transmission, Coronavirus 2019, SARS-CoV-2 and 2019-nCoV from December 2019 to March 18, 2020 and reviewed them. All type of articles published about COVID-19 and vertical transmission in pregnancy were included. A review of 13 final articles published in this area revealed that COVID-19 can cause fetal distress, miscarriage, respiratory distress and preterm delivery in pregnant women but does not infect newborns. There has been no report of vertical transmission in pregnancy, and it has been found that clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in pregnant women are not different from those of non-pregnant women. Overall, due to lack of appropriate data about the effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy, it is necessary to monitor suspected pregnant women before and after delivery. For confirmed cases both the mother and the newborn child should be followed up comprehensively."}, {"pmid": 32442528, "pmcid": "PMC7237188", "title": "Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Cummings, Matthew J", "Baldwin, Matthew R", "Abrams, Darryl", "Jacobson, Samuel D", "Meyer, Benjamin J", "Balough, Elizabeth M", "Aaron, Justin G", "Claassen, Jan", "Rabbani, LeRoy E", "Hastie, Jonathan", "Hochman, Beth R", "Salazar-Schicchi, John", "Yip, Natalie H", "Brodie, Daniel", "O'Donnell, Max R"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442528", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over 40\u2008000 patients with COVID-19 have been hospitalised in New York City (NY, USA) as of April 28, 2020. Data on the epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in this setting are needed. This prospective observational cohort study took place at two NewYork-Presbyterian hospitals affiliated with Columbia University Irving Medical Center in northern Manhattan. We prospectively identified adult patients (aged \u226518 years) admitted to both hospitals from March 2 to April 1, 2020, who were diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and were critically ill with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure, and collected clinical, biomarker, and treatment data. The primary outcome was the rate of in-hospital death. Secondary outcomes included frequency and duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, frequency of vasopressor use and renal replacement therapy, and time to in-hospital clinical deterioration following admission. The relation between clinical risk factors, biomarkers, and in-hospital mortality was modelled using Cox proportional hazards regression. Follow-up time was right-censored on April 28, 2020 so that each patient had at least 28 days of observation. Between March 2 and April 1, 2020, 1150 adults were admitted to both hospitals with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, of which 257 (22%) were critically ill. The median age of patients was 62 years (IQR 51-72), 171 (67%) were men. 212 (82%) patients had at least one chronic illness, the most common of which were hypertension (162 [63%]) and diabetes (92 [36%]). 119 (46%) patients had obesity. As of April 28, 2020, 101 (39%) patients had died and 94 (37%) remained hospitalised. 203 (79%) patients received invasive mechanical ventilation for a median of 18 days (IQR 9-28), 170 (66%) of 257 patients received vasopressors and 79 (31%) received renal replacement therapy. The median time to in-hospital deterioration was 3 days (IQR 1-6). In the multivariable Cox model, older age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1\u00b731 [1\u00b709-1\u00b757] per 10-year increase), chronic cardiac disease (aHR 1\u00b776 [1\u00b708-2\u00b786]), chronic pulmonary disease (aHR 2\u00b794 [1\u00b748-5\u00b784]), higher concentrations of interleukin-6 (aHR 1\u00b711 [95%CI 1\u00b702-1\u00b720] per decile increase), and higher concentrations of D-dimer (aHR 1\u00b710 [1\u00b701-1\u00b719] per decile increase) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Critical illness among patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in New York City is common and associated with a high frequency of invasive mechanical ventilation, extrapulmonary organ dysfunction, and substantial in-hospital mortality. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, and the Columbia University Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research."}, {"pmid": 32391240, "pmcid": "PMC7176026", "title": "Early Prediction of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in the Mainland China Based on Simple Mathematical Model.", "journal": "IEEE Access", "authors": ["Zhong, Linhao", "Mu, Lin", "Li, Jing", "Wang, Jiaying", "Yin, Zhe", "Liu, Darong"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391240", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak has been treated as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization. This work made an early prediction of the 2019-nCoV outbreak in China based on a simple mathematical model and limited epidemiological data. Combing characteristics of the historical epidemic, we found part of the released data is unreasonable. Through ruling out the unreasonable data, the model predictions exhibit that the number of the cumulative 2019-nCoV cases may reach 76,000 to 230,000, with a peak of the unrecovered infectives (22,000-74,000) occurring in late February to early March. After that, the infected cases will rapidly monotonically decrease until early May to late June, when the 2019-nCoV outbreak will fade out. Strong anti-epidemic measures may reduce the cumulative infected cases by 40%-49%. The improvement of medical care can also lead to about one-half transmission decrease and effectively shorten the duration of the 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32350003, "title": "Covid-19: balancing personal risk and professional duty.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Harkin, Denis W"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350003", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402512, "pmcid": "PMC7158774", "title": "A Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Treated With Ciclesonide.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Nakajima, Kento", "Ogawa, Fumihiro", "Sakai, Kazuya", "Uchiyama, Munehito", "Oyama, Yutaro", "Kato, Hideaki", "Takeuchi, Ichiro"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402512", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302285, "pmcid": "PMC7234688", "title": "Alternative Care Sites: An Option in Disasters.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Iserson, Kenneth V"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302285", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the limited surge capacity of the healthcare system is being quickly overwhelmed. Similar scenarios play out when an institution's systems fail, or when local or regional disasters occur. In these situations, it becomes necessary to use one or more alternative care sites (ACS). Situated in a variety of non-healthcare structures, ACS may be used for ambulatory, acute, subacute, or chronic care. Developing alternative care facilities is the disaster-planning step that moves communities from talking to doing. This commitment pays real dividends if a disaster of any magnitude strikes. This paper discusses the basic criteria for selecting, establishing and ultimately closing an ACS, difficulties of administration, staffing, security, and providing basic supplies and equipment."}, {"pmid": 32341513, "title": "Coronavirus pushes education online.", "journal": "Nat Mater", "authors": ["Sun, Litao", "Tang, Yongming", "Zuo, Wei"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341513", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384284, "pmcid": "PMC7268868", "title": "Extracorporeal oxygenation and COVID-19 epidemic: is the membrane fail-safe to cross contamination?", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Squiccimarro, Enrico", "Rociola, Ruggiero", "Haumann, Renard Gerhardus", "Grasso, Salvatore", "Lorusso, Roberto", "Paparella, Domenico"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384284", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269100, "title": "Comparative Performance of SARS-CoV-2 Detection Assays Using Seven Different Primer-Probe Sets and One Assay Kit.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Nalla, Arun K", "Casto, Amanda M", "Huang, Meei-Li W", "Perchetti, Garrett A", "Sampoleo, Reigran", "Shrestha, Lasata", "Wei, Yulun", "Zhu, Haiying", "Jerome, Keith R", "Greninger, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269100", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nearly 400,000 people worldwide are known to have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) beginning in December 2019. The virus has now spread to over 168 countries including the United States, where the first cluster of cases was observed in the Seattle metropolitan area in Washington. Given the rapid increase in the number of cases in many localities, the availability of accurate, high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 testing is vital to efforts to manage the current public health crisis. In the course of optimizing SARS-CoV-2 testing performed by the University of Washington Clinical Virology Lab (UW Virology Lab), we evaluated assays using seven different primer-probe sets and one assay kit. We found that the most sensitive assays were those that used the E-gene primer-probe set described by Corman et al. (V. M. Corman, O. Landt, M. Kaiser, R. Molenkamp, et al., Euro Surveill 25:2000045, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045) and the N2 set developed by the CDC (Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/rt-pcr-panel-primer-probes.pdf). All assays tested were found to be highly specific for SARS-CoV-2, with no cross-reactivity with other respiratory viruses observed in our analyses regardless of the primer-probe set or kit used. These results will provide valuable information to other clinical laboratories who are actively developing SARS-CoV-2 testing protocols at a time when increased testing capacity is urgently needed worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32514856, "title": "Correction to: New clinical manifestation of COVID-19 related Guillain-Barre syndrome highly responsive to intravenous immunoglobulins: two Italian cases.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Assini, Andrea", "Benedetti, Luana", "Di Maio, Silvia", "Schirinzi, Erika", "Del Sette, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514856", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The above article was published online with inverted given and family names. The correct presentation has been corrected above."}, {"pmid": 32314799, "pmcid": "PMC7264729", "title": "Acute hypertriglyceridemia in patients with COVID-19 receiving tocilizumab.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Morrison, Austin R", "Johnson, Joseph M", "Ramesh, Mayur", "Bradley, Patrick", "Jennings, Jeffery", "Smith, Zachary R"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314799", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348405, "title": "How Brazil can hold back COVID-19.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber de", "Duarte, Elisete", "Franca, Giovanny Vinicius Araujo de", "Garcia, Leila Posenato"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348405", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article presents the strategies and actions adopted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health to hold back COVID-19. The response to the disease was immediate and occurred prior to the first case being detected in Brazil. Provision of information and communication to the population and the press was adopted as a fundamental strategy for addressing the epidemic. Guidance provided to the population has been clear, stressing the importance of coronavirus transmission prevention measures. Efforts have been directed towards strengthening health surveillance and health care, as well as boosting research, development and innovation. Actions have targeted human resource training and expanding coverage afforded by the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). Protecting health workers is a priority. All SUS health workers, managers and directors are dedicated to preserving the health and life of each and every Brazilian citizen."}, {"pmid": 32461245, "title": "Ethical guidelines for deliberately infecting volunteers with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Richards, Adair D"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461245", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Global fatalities related to COVID-19 are expected to be high in 2020-2021. Developing and delivering a vaccine may be the most likely way to end the pandemic. If it were possible to shorten this development time by weeks or months, this may have a significant effect on reducing deaths. Phase II and phase III trials could take less long to conduct if they used human challenge methods-that is, deliberately infecting participants with COVID-19 following inoculation. This article analyses arguments for and against such methods and provides suggested broad guidelines for regulators, researchers and ethics committees when considering these matters. It concludes that it may be possible to maintain current ethical standards yet still permit human challenge trials in a context where delay is critical. The implications are that regulators and researchers need to work together now to design robust but short trials and streamline ethics approval processes so that they are in place when applications for trials are made."}, {"pmid": 32469164, "title": "Clinical recommendations on lung cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Thorac Cancer", "authors": ["Xu, Yan", "Liu, Hongsheng", "Hu, Ke", "Wang, Mengzhao"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469164", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading worldwide, and has been declared as an international public health concern. Patients with lung cancer are highly susceptible to infection compared to healthy individuals because of systemic immunosuppression induced by malignancy and anticancer therapy. Furthermore, patients with cancer demonstrate poorer outcomes following infection. Hence, patients with lung cancer should be considered a priority group for COVID-19 prevention. Furthermore, the routine treatment of patients with cancer has been affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, and patients may not have been able to undergo timely and effective antitumor treatment, thereby indicating a poor prognosis. Here, we provide some suggestions for early identification of COVID-19 and differential diagnosis in patients with lung cancer who have fever and respiratory symptoms. Our medical team also provide clinical recommendations on lung cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic, for carrying out meticulous and individualized clinical management of lung cancer patients and maximum protection to effectively prevent COVID-19. KEY POINTS: Significant findings of the study This article provides suggestions for early identification of COVID-19 and differential diagnosis in patients with lung cancer with fever and respiratory symptoms. What this study adds This article makes clinical recommendations on lung cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32374264, "pmcid": "PMC7224168", "title": "Delivering Benefits at Speed Through Real-World Repurposing of Off-Patent Drugs: The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Case in Point.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Rogosnitzky, Moshe", "Berkowitz, Esther", "Jadad, Alejandro R"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374264", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Real-world drug repurposing-the immediate \"off-label\" prescribing of drugs to address urgent clinical needs-is a widely overlooked opportunity. Off-label prescribing (ie, for a nonapproved indication) is legal in most countries and tends to shift the burden of liability and cost to physicians and patients, respectively. Nevertheless, health crises may mean that real-world repurposing is the only realistic source for solutions. Optimal real-world repurposing requires a track record of safety, affordability, and access for drug candidates. Although thousands of such drugs are already available, there is no central repository of off-label uses to facilitate immediate identification and selection of potentially useful interventions during public health crises. Using the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic as an example, we provide a glimpse of the extensive literature that supports the rationale behind six generic drugs, in four classes, all of which are affordable, supported by decades of safety data, and targeted toward the underlying pathophysiology that makes COVID-19 so deadly. This paper briefly summarizes why cimetidine or famotidine, dipyridamole, fenofibrate or bezafibrate, and sildenafil citrate are worth considering for patients with COVID-19. Clinical trials to assess efficacy are already underway for famotidine, dipyridamole, and sildenafil, and further trials of all these agents will be important in due course. These examples also reveal the unlimited opportunity to future-proof our health care systems by proactively mining, synthesizing, cataloging, and evaluating the off-label treatment opportunities of thousands of safe, well-established, and affordable generic drugs."}, {"pmid": 32506067, "title": "Covid-19 and Exercise-Induced Immunomodulation.", "journal": "Neuroimmunomodulation", "authors": ["Leandro, Carol Gois", "Ferreira E Silva, Wylla Tatiana", "Lima-Silva, Adriano Eduardo"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506067", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209542, "title": "Don't forget chronic lung and immune conditions during covid-19, says WHO.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Thornton, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209542", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266947, "title": "Public Health and Ethics Intersect at New Levels With Gerontological Nursing in COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gerontol Nurs", "authors": ["Young, Heather M", "Fick, Donna M"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266947", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429770, "title": "Technology Literacy as a Barrier to Telehealth During COVID-19.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Triana, Austin J", "Gusdorf, Roman E", "Shah, Kaustav P", "Horst, Sara N"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530522, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 was found in the bile juice from a patient with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Han, Deheng", "Fang, Qiang", "Wang, Xingxiang"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530522", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 170,000 people worldwide and was associated with substantial mortality. Previous studies have reported that the SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in sputum, faeces, urine and other specimens from COVID-19 patients. In the case report, the novel coronavirus was found in the bile specimen from a patient with severe COVID-19 by real-time fluorescent RT-PCR. In addition, much higher viral load in the bile juice than in the sputum indicated that a false positive error in the specimen was hardly possible. As far as we know, it is the first report about SARS-CoV-2 in the bile juice. We would love to share the information to other researchers. The report may have a significant impact on the clinical management and public health decision making. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32171062, "pmcid": "PMC7118626", "title": "Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Fang, Lei", "Karakiulakis, George", "Roth, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171062", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278703, "pmcid": "PMC7194870", "title": "Preventing the transmission of COVID-19 amongst healthcare workers.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Tan, L F"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278703", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425733, "pmcid": "PMC7229963", "title": "\"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gastroenterology Divisions in Italy: a national survey\".", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Maida, M", "Sferrazza, S", "Savarino, E", "Ricciardiello, L", "Repici, A", "Morisco, F", "Furnari, M", "Fuccio, L", "Morreale, G C", "Vitello, A", "Burra, P", "Marchi, S", "Annibale, B", "Benedetti, A", "Alvaro, D", "Ianiro, G"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425733", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Italy, the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has stressed the entire healthcare system and required a huge re-organization of many Divisions, including those of Gastroenterology. to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Gastroenterology Divisions across Italy. All members of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology (SIGE) were invited to answer a web-based survey. Data of 121 hospitals from all 20 Italian regions were analyzed. Overall, 10.7% Gastroenterology Divisions have been converted to Covid Units. Outpatients consultations, endoscopic and ultrasound procedures were limited to urgencies and oncology indications in 85.1%, 96.2% and 72.2% of Units, respectively, and 46.7% of them suspended the screening for colorectal cancer.Moreover, 72.2% of the staff received a training for use of personal protective equipment, although 45.5% did not have sufficient devices for adequate replacement. Overall, 132 healthcare workers in 41 Gastroenterology Divisions were found to be infected. This is the first study to evaluate, at a country level, the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on Gastroenterology Divisions. Substantial changes of practice and reduction of procedures have been recorded in the entire country. The long-term impact of such modifications is difficult to estimate but potentially very risky for many digestive diseases."}, {"pmid": 32502699, "pmcid": "PMC7221360", "title": "Poverty, inequality and COVID-19: the forgotten vulnerable.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Patel, J A", "Nielsen, F B H", "Badiani, A A", "Assi, S", "Unadkat, V A", "Patel, B", "Ravindrane, R", "Wardle, H"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502699", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508107, "title": "The Role of Palliative Care in Caring for the Families of Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Hosp Palliat Care", "authors": ["Bakar, Melissa", "Capano, Elizabeth", "Patterson, Melissa", "McIntyre, Brooke", "Walsh, Chaplain Jean"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508107", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In palliative care, we strive to provide care to the whole patient. When we think about the whole patient, we include the people who are important in our patients' lives. Our New York City-based palliative care team has found that caring for patients' loved ones has proven to be an even more important aspect of the care we have provided during the COVID epidemic. In this article, we describe the multicomponenet interdisciplinary interventions we have implemented to enhance our ability to create a therapeutic alliance with family members and facilitate the provision of goal concordant care to patients with COVID during this extremely difficult time."}, {"pmid": 32284276, "pmcid": "PMC7104051", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for the cytology laboratory.", "journal": "J Am Soc Cytopathol", "authors": ["Pambuccian, Stefan E"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284276", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The infection has predominantly respiratory transmission and is transmitted through large droplets or aerosols, and less commonly by contact with infected surfaces or fomites. The alarming spread of the infection and the severe clinical disease that it may cause have led to the widespread institution of social distancing measures. Because of repeated exposure to potentially infectious patients and specimens, health care and laboratory personnel are particularly susceptible to contract COVID-19. This review paper provides an assessment of the current state of knowledge about the disease and its pathology, and the potential presence of the virus in cytology specimens. It also discusses the measures that cytology laboratories can take to function during the pandemic, and minimize the risk to their personnel, trainees, and pathologists. In addition, it explores potential means to continue to educate trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32251725, "pmcid": "PMC7128351", "title": "Reply to \"The use of traditional Chinese medicines to treat SARS-CoV-2 may cause more harm than good\".", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Ai-Hua", "Ren, Jun-Ling", "Wang, Xi-Jun"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251725", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32153170, "title": "[Clinical characteristics and influencing factors of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia combined with liver injury in Shaanxi region].", "journal": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yao, N", "Wang, S N", "Lian, J Q", "Sun, Y T", "Zhang, G F", "Kang, W Z", "Kang, W"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32153170", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To understand the clinical characteristics, change of liver function, influencing factors and prognosis in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) combined with liver injury. Methods: The general conditions, biochemical indicators of liver, blood clotting mechanism, routine blood test, UGT1A1 * 28 gene polymorphism and other data of 40 cases with COVID-19 admitted to the isolation ward of Tangdu Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics, influencing factors and prognosis of liver injury in patients with liver injury group and those with normal liver function group were compared. The mean of two samples in univariate analysis was compared by t-test and analysis of variance. The counting data was measured by \u03c7(2) tests. The non-normal distribution measurement data were described by the median, and the non-parametric test was used. Statistically significant influencing factors were used as the independent variables in univariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the main influencing factors of liver injury. Results: Of the 40 cases, 25 were male (62.5%) and 15 were female (37.5%), aged 22 to 83 (53.87 \u00b1 15.84) years. Liver injury was occurred in 22 cases (55%) during the course of the disease. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was initially increased (4.4 to 3.5 times of the normal value) along with decrease of albumin in the second week, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Ten cases (43.5%) had highest abnormal total blood bilirubin (54.1 \u03bcmol/ L). There was no correlation between the increase in transaminase and the increase in total blood bilirubin (R = -0.006, P = 0.972). Three cases had prothrombin activity (PTA) of \u226450%, 10 cases had elevated FDP, and 13 cases had elevated D-dimer, all of whom were severe or critically ill. Liver function injury was more likely to occur in patients who used many types of drugs and large amounts of hormones (P = 0.002, P = 0.031), and there was no correlation with the TA6TA7 mutation in the UGT1A1 * 28 gene locus. Multiple regression analysis showed that the occurrence of liver injury was only related to critical illness. The liver function of all patients had recovered within one week after conventional liver protection treatment. Conclusion: COVID-19 combined with liver function injury may be due to the slight elevation of transaminase, mostly around the second week of the disease course. Severe patients have a higher proportion of liver injury, and critical type is an independent risk factor for liver injury."}, {"pmid": 32370621, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic as a watershed moment: A call for systematic psychological health care for frontline medical staff.", "journal": "J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Zaka, Agustina", "Shamloo, Soraya E", "Fiorente, Pasquale", "Tafuri, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370621", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is producing a huge health care burden with millions of cases and thousands of deaths. The coronavirus' high virulence and contagiousness and the frequent sudden onset of illness is overwhelming critical care and frontline healthcare staff. Frontline professionals are exposed to unprecedented levels of intensive existential threat requiring systematic, specialized psychological intervention and support. New psychological services need to be urgently implemented to manage the mental healthcare needs of frontline medical staff working with patients with COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic is a watershed moment: health care systems universally require a step-change to improve our preparedness for future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32492183, "title": "Evidence for mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Italian isolates potentially affecting virus transmission.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Benvenuto, Domenico", "Demir, Ayse Banu", "Giovanetti, Marta", "Bianchi, Martina", "Angeletti, Silvia", "Pascarella, Stefano", "Cauda, Roberto", "Ciccozzi, Massimo", "Cassone, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492183", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is the first western country suffering heavy SARS-CoV-2 transmission and disease impact after Covid-19 pandemia started in China. Even though the presence of mutations on spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid in Italian isolates has been reported, the potential impact of these mutations on viral transmission has not been evaluated. We have compared SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from Italian patients with virus sequences from Chinese patients. We focussed upon three non-synonimous mutations of genes coding for S(one) and N (two) viral proteins present in Italian isolates and absent in Chinese ones, using various bio-informatic tools. Amino acid analysis and changes in three-dimensional protein structure suggests the mutations reduce protein stability and, particularly for S1 mutation, the enhanced torsional ability of the molecule could favour virus binding to cell receptor(s). This theoretical interpretation awaits experimental and clinical confirmation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32293816, "title": "The impact of covid-19 on rehabilitation services and activities. Letter to the editor in response to official document of SIMFER.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Singh, Rajiv", "Burn, John", "Sivan, Manoj"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293816", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311136, "title": "All People.", "journal": "Hastings Cent Rep", "authors": ["Kaebnick, Greg"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311136", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early March 2020, the March-April Hastings Center Report was very nearly assembled and contained nothing about Covid-19, which was still just beginning to make itself publicly known in the United States. Two weeks later, the editorial line-up was undergoing a remix, and essays that lay out sweeping agendas for the response to the worldwide crisis were in preparation. The central theme in the agenda that Lawrence O. Gostin and colleagues develop is that the pandemic requires a sharp break from usual ethical norms yet simultaneously demands a return to core ethical commitments. A similar theme is sounded by Mildred Z. Solomon and colleagues in a commentary calling for federal actions to keep the health care system functioning. Other essays in the issue take up an assortment of topical issues-including international patient dumping-that were simmering along prior to the pandemic, and the two articles take up foundational questions about the nature of moral reasoning."}, {"pmid": 32405116, "pmcid": "PMC7217785", "title": "New-onset psychosis in COVID-19 pandemic: a case series in Madrid.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Martin, David Rentero", "Gonzalez, Alba Juanes", "Perez, Cristina P Losada", "Sesmero, Sonia Alvarez", "Gonzalez, Alba Parra", "Mendoza, Varinia D Santana", "Estevez, Ines Marti", "Larranaga, Javier Urricelqui"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405116", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32502485, "pmcid": "PMC7265864", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine for Coronavirus: The Urgent Need for a Moratorium on Prescriptions.", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["Shih, Richard D", "Johnson, Heather M", "Maki, Dennis G", "Hennekens, Charles H"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502485", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473022, "title": "Coronavirus disease-2019 in pregnancy with neurological manifestations versus pregnancy with eclampsia: Need for liberal testing to rule out the masquerades.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Singh, Sweta"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473022", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358977, "pmcid": "PMC7267576", "title": "New clinical needs and strategies for care in children with neurodisability during COVID-19.", "journal": "Dev Med Child Neurol", "authors": ["Fazzi, Elisa", "Galli, Jessica"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358977", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369240, "title": "Cutaneous manifestations of a 21st century worldwide fungal epidemic possibly complicating the COVID-19 pandemic to jointly menace mankind.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Schwartz, Robert A", "Kapila, Rajendra"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369240", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In view of the new viral COVID-19 pandemic, the fungal Candida auris epidemic still in progress worldwide highlights non-Candida albicans candidal infections. We describe an immunocompetent woman with a cutaneous manifestation of Candida parasilopsis fungemia, a prominent eschar, which proved to be the nidus for the candidemia. We stress the value of selectively removing eschars. C. parasilopsis and C. auris are increasingly important causes of sepsis and wound infections. We emphasize that commercially available biochemical-based tests may misidentify C. auris as C. parapsilosis, and stress the added danger of C. auris to critically ill-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Any health care facility with evidence of infection or colonization with C. auris requires very close monitoring, since this fungus is a nosocomial threat comparable to SARS-CoV-2 in its mortality and fomite adhesiveness! Both organisms have the potential to be transmitted as nosocomial pathogens; health care workers need to follow strict CDC guidelines. During this COVID-19 pandemic, every health care facility should closely monitor for the possible deadly combination of the SARS-CoV-2 and C. auris. The identification of C. auris necessitates use of sophisticated technology not readily available to make this essential diagnosis since C. auris is multi-drug resistant and isolation precautions would become paramount."}, {"pmid": 32276139, "pmcid": "PMC7139268", "title": "COVID-19 in a patient with long-term use of glucocorticoids: A study of a familial cluster.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Han, Yuanyuan", "Jiang, Mao", "Xia, Da", "He, Lichao", "Lv, Xin", "Liao, Xiaohua", "Meng, Jie"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276139", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clusters of patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been successively reported globally. Studies show clear person-to-person transmission. The average incubation period is 2-14\u00a0days, and mostly 3-7\u00a0days. However, in some patients, this period may be longer. Here, we report a familial cluster of COVID-19 where a 47-year-old woman with long-term use of glucocorticoids did not develop any symptoms within the 14-day quarantine period but was confirmed with COVID-19 by tested positive of antibody on day 40 after she left Wuhan. Almost at the same time, her father and sister were diagnosed with COVID-19. The results suggest that the long-term use of glucocorticoids might cause atypical infections, a long incubation period, and extra transmission of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32387693, "pmcid": "PMC7204763", "title": "Correspondence-COVID-19: Initial experience of hand surgeons in Northern Italy.", "journal": "Hand Surg Rehabil", "authors": ["Ducournau, F", "Gouzou, S", "Facca, S", "Liverneaux, P A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387693", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32147538, "pmcid": "PMC7129213", "title": "Recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19: A case report.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Dabiao", "Xu, Wenxiong", "Lei, Ziying", "Huang, Zhanlian", "Liu, Jing", "Gao, Zhiliang", "Peng, Liang"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147538", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 that began in Wuhan, China, has constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, with cases confirmed in multiple countries. Currently, patients are the primary source of infection. We report a confirmed case of COVID-19 whose oropharyngeal swab test of SARS-CoV-2 RNA turned positive in convalescence. This case highlights the importance of active surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for infectivity assessment."}, {"pmid": 32388722, "pmcid": "PMC7210459", "title": "To mask or not to mask children to overcome COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Pediatr", "authors": ["Esposito, Susanna", "Principi, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388722", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been reported that asymptomatic people can transmit the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and become important sources of COVID-19. To reduce the role of asymptomatic or poorly symptomatic people in COVID-19, universal use of face masks in addition to hand hygiene and safety distance seems extremely useful. Consequently, preparing the healthy child to use face masks is strongly needed. To obtain maximal compliance, reasons for mask wearing without attempts of removing must be clearly explained. Moreover, child's will must not be forced.Conclusion: On the basis of clinical findings, we think that the universal use of facial masks seems necessary when people have to go out in their everyday lives. In addition to the availability of masks of different sizes capable of adapting perfectly to the face, it is necessary that the use of masks in children is preceded by a strong parental work and school lessons on this issue and other hygiene topics with the main aim to obtain child cooperation.What is Known:\u2022 Asymptomatic people can transmit and become important sources of COVID-19.\u2022 Asymptomatic cases are common also in pediatrics.What is New:\u2022 Universal use of face masks for success against COVID-19 seems necessary also in pediatric age when people have to go out in their everyday lives.\u2022 In addition to the availability of masks of different sizes capable of adapting perfectly to the face, it is necessary that the use of masks in children is preceded by a strong parental work and school lessons with the main aim to obtain child cooperation."}, {"pmid": 32240770, "pmcid": "PMC7128345", "title": "Maximizing the Calm before the Storm: Tiered Surgical Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Ross, Samuel Wade", "Lauer, Cynthia W", "Miles, William S", "Green, John M", "Christmas, A Britton", "May, Addison K", "Matthews, Brent D"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240770", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has now spread throughout the world, being verified by the World Health Organization as a pandemic on March 11. This had led to the calling of a national emergency on March 13 in the US. Many hospitals, healthcare networks, and specifically, departments of surgery, are asking the same questions about how to cope and plan for surge capacity, personnel attrition, novel infrastructure utilization, and resource exhaustion. Herein, we present a tiered plan for surgical department planning based on incident\u00a0command levels. This includes acute care surgeon deployment (given their critical care training and vertically integrated position in the hospital), recommended infrastructure and transfer utilization, triage principles, and faculty, resident, and advanced care practitioner deployment."}, {"pmid": 32313845, "pmcid": "PMC7165239", "title": "Radiation Therapy in King County, Washington During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Balancing Patient Care, Transmission Mitigation, and Resident Training.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Dinh, Tru-Khang T", "Halasz, Lia M", "Ford, Eric", "Rengan, Ramesh"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313845", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32080991, "pmcid": "PMC7036338", "title": "Viral Load Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in First Two Patients in Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Jin Yong", "Ko, Jae Hoon", "Kim, Yeonjae", "Kim, Yae Jean", "Kim, Jeong Min", "Chung, Yoon Seok", "Kim, Heui Man", "Han, Myung Guk", "Kim, So Yeon", "Chin, Bum Sik"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32080991", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of February 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak started in China in December 2019 has been spreading in many countries in the world. With the numbers of confirmed cases are increasing, information on the epidemiologic investigation and clinical manifestation have been accumulated. However, data on viral load kinetics in confirmed cases are lacking. Here, we present the viral load kinetics of the first two confirmed patients with mild to moderate illnesses in Korea in whom distinct viral load kinetics are shown. This report suggests that viral load kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 may be different from that of previously reported other coronavirus infections such as SARS-CoV."}, {"pmid": 32502334, "title": "False Negative Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Infection - Challenges and Implications.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Woloshin, Steven", "Patel, Neeraj", "Kesselheim, Aaron S"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502334", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269089, "pmcid": "PMC7144263", "title": "ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Leung, Janice M", "Yang, Chen X", "Tam, Anthony", "Shaipanich, Tawimas", "Hackett, Tillie-Louise", "Singhera, Gurpreet K", "Dorscheid, Delbert R", "Sin, Don D"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269089", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421178, "title": "COVID-19 and the Need for a National Health Information Technology Infrastructure.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Sittig, Dean F", "Singh, Hardeep"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421178", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433344, "title": "Judicious Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients with Diabetes on Coronavirus-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chen, Chun-Fan", "Chen, Yung-Tai", "Chen, Tz-Heng", "Chen, Fan-Yu", "Yang, Yi-Ping", "Wang, Mong-Lien", "Huo, The-Ia", "Chang, Yuh-Lih", "Tan, Ann Charis", "Lin, Chih-Ching"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433344", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a novel anti-diabetic drug blocks the reabsorption of glucose in proximal tubules of kidney, are demonstrated to have cardiovascular and renal benefits for people with diabetes. The benefits are associated with the significant increase of intrarenal angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) expression and blood volume contraction. However, the increased ACE2 may be detrimental to patients infected with the coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19), which is found to invades cells via the entry receptor of ACE2. Besides, SGLT2i induced natriuretic effect may also increase the risk of acute kidney injury and affect the hemodynamic stability during systemic infection disease. In the article, we explain the mechanisms why the use of SGLT2i in people with diabetes may lead to worse outcomes and suggest clinician to judiciously use it during COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32496531, "title": "Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Need for a Structurally Competent Health Care System.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Metzl, Jonathan M", "Maybank, Aletha", "De Maio, Fernando"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239796, "title": "Liver impairment in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective analysis of 115 cases from a single centre in Wuhan city, China.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Zhang, Yafei", "Zheng, Liang", "Liu, Lan", "Zhao, Mengya", "Xiao, Jun", "Zhao, Qiu"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239796", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is an ongoing global health emergency. The aim of our study was to investigate the changes of liver function and its clinical significance in COVID-19 patients. This retrospective, single-centre study was conducted on 115 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University from 18 January 2020 to 22 February 2020. Liver function and related indexes were analysed to evaluate its relationship with disease progression in COVID-19 patients. Part of the COVID-19 patients presented with varying degrees of abnormality in liver function indexes. However, the levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, GGT and LDH in COVID-19 patients were not significantly different when compared with hospitalised community-acquired pneumonia patients, and the levels of albumin is even significantly higher. The levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, LDH and INR showed statistically significant elevation in severe COVID-19 cases compared with that in mild cases. However, the clinical significance of the elevation is unremarkable. Majority of severe COVID-19 patients showed significantly decreasing in albumin level and continuously decreasing in the progress of illness. Most of the liver function indexes in COVID-19 patients were correlated with CRP and NLR, the markers of inflammation. Logistic regression analysis further identified NLR as the independent risk factor for severe COVID-19, as well as age. Although abnormalities of liver function indexes are common in COVID-19 patients, the impairment of liver function is not a prominent feature of COVID-19, and also may not have serious clinical consequences."}, {"pmid": 32463962, "title": "COVID-19: Desolation and catharsis from Old Europe.", "journal": "Spec Care Dentist", "authors": ["Diz Dios, Pedro"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463962", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393801, "title": "Supporting the UK National Health Service during the COVID-19 crisis from an academic perspective.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Trost, Matthias"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393801", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211911, "title": "A midpoint perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Hsu, Li Yang", "Chia, Po Ying", "Vasoo, Shawn"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211911", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) epidemic has spread to virtually every continent in the world. Despite Singapore's efforts, sustained community transmission of the virus has continued. We herein describe several key experiences and lessons learnt during the early course of the outbreak. First, it is critical to evaluate the outbreak objectively based on its own characteristics and not those of past epidemics. Second, the great advancements in speed and power of science and international collaboration have been critical in providing knowledge about the virus and disease. Third, public risk communications and the need to combat false information and rumours are even more crucial in this age of social media and viral information spread. Lastly, outbreak control and mitigation goes beyond the healthcare sector. The many lessons learnt will serve as a blueprint for dealing with future pandemics, but a sustainable new normal is required for the immediate future."}, {"pmid": 32348015, "pmcid": "PMC7267391", "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the United Kingdom: A personality-based perspective on concerns and intention to self-isolate.", "journal": "Br J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Bacon, Alison M", "Corr, Philip J"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348015", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives Public behaviour change is necessary to contain the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19). Based on the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) framework, this study presents an examination of individual differences in some relevant psychological factors. Design Cross-sectional psychometric. Methods UK respondents (N\u00a0=\u00a0202) completed a personality questionnaire (RST-PQ), measures of illness attitudes, concerns about the impact of coronavirus on health services and socio-economic infrastructures, personal safety, and likelihood of voluntary self-isolation. Results Respondents most concerned were older, had negative illness attitudes, and scored higher on reward reactivity (RR), indicating the motivation to take positive approach action despite prevailing worry/anxiety. Personal safety concerns were highest in those with negative illness attitudes and higher fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS, reflecting fear/avoidance) scores. Results suggest people are experiencing psychological conflict: between the urge to stay safe (FFFF-related) and the desire to maintain a normal, pleasurable (RR-related) life. Ways of ameliorating conflict may include maladaptive behaviours (panic buying), reflecting reward-related displacement activity. Intended self-isolation related to FFFS, but also low behavioural inhibition system (related to anxiety) scores. Older people reported themselves less likely to self-isolate. Conclusions Interventions need to consider individual differences in psychological factors in behaviour change, and we discuss relevant literature to inform policy makers and communicators. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) personality systems can influence perception of persuasive health messages. However, there is limited evidence for their direct effects on health concerns and behaviours, and none relating to specific infectious diseases. What does this study add? Reward reactivity (RR) is associated with concern about impact of coronavirus on the NHS and other social infrastructures, indicating the motivation to take positive-approach action despite worry/anxiety. Personal safety concerns are related to fight-flight-freeze system traits (FFFS, reflecting fear/avoidance). Intended self-isolation related to FFFS, but also low behavioural inhibition system (related to anxiety) scores. Older people reported themselves less likely to self-isolate. Results suggest psychological conflict: between the urge to stay safe (FFFF-related) and the desire to maintain a normal, pleasurable life (RR-related). Ways of ameliorating conflict may include maladaptive behaviours (panic buying), reflecting reward-related displacement activity."}, {"pmid": 32237672, "title": "Universal Masking in Hospitals in the Covid-19 Era.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Klompas, Michael", "Morris, Charles A", "Sinclair, Julia", "Pearson, Madelyn", "Shenoy, Erica S"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237672", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427189, "pmcid": "PMC7228248", "title": "Global health crises are also information crises: A call to action.", "journal": "J Assoc Inf Sci Technol", "authors": ["Xie, Bo", "He, Daqing", "Mercer, Tim", "Wang, Youfa", "Wu, Dan", "Fleischmann, Kenneth R", "Zhang, Yan", "Yoder, Linda H", "Stephens, Keri K", "Mackert, Michael", "Lee, Min Kyung"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427189", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this opinion paper, we argue that global health crises are also information crises. Using as an example the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, we (a) examine challenges associated with what we term \"global information crises\"; (b) recommend changes needed for the field of information science to play a leading role in such crises; and (c) propose actionable items for short- and long-term research, education, and practice in information science."}, {"pmid": 32505532, "title": "Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Sex Med", "authors": ["Luria, Mijal", "Peleg Nesher, Sharon"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505532", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32244841, "pmcid": "PMC7235895", "title": "Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence Technology for Novel Coronavirus Disease-19 Self-Testing.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani P", "Crayton, Ellen Debra"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244841", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading with a rising death toll and transmission rate reported in high income countries rather than in low income countries. The overburdened healthcare systems and poor disease surveillance systems in resource-limited settings may struggle to cope with this COVID-19 outbreak and this calls for a tailored strategic response for these settings. Here, we recommend a low cost blockchain and artificial intelligence-coupled self-testing and tracking systems for COVID-19 and other emerging infectious diseases. Prompt deployment and appropriate implementation of the proposed system have the potential to curb the transmissions of COVID-19 and the related mortalities, particularly in settings with poor access to laboratory infrastructure."}, {"pmid": 32426075, "pmcid": "PMC7233255", "title": "Letter to the Editor Regarding Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy: Lessons Learned for African Neurosurgical Centers.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Bechri, Hajar", "Oudrhiri, Mohammed Yassaad", "Arkha, Yasser", "El Ouahabi, Abdessamad"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522737, "title": "Use of personal protective equipment against coronavirus disease 2019 by healthcare professionals in Wuhan, China: cross sectional study.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Liu, Min", "Cheng, Shou-Zhen", "Xu, Ke-Wei", "Yang, Yang", "Zhu, Qing-Tang", "Zhang, Hui", "Yang, Da-Ya", "Cheng, Shu-Yuan", "Xiao, Han", "Wang, Ji-Wen", "Yao, He-Rui", "Cong, Yu-Tian", "Zhou, Yu-Qi", "Peng, Sui", "Kuang, Ming", "Hou, Fan-Fan", "Cheng, K K", "Xiao, Hai-Peng"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522737", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine the protective effects of appropriate personal protective equipment for frontline healthcare professionals who provided care for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). Cross sectional study. Four hospitals in Wuhan, China. 420 healthcare professionals (116 doctors and 304 nurses) who were deployed to Wuhan by two affiliated hospitals of Sun Yat-sen University and Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University for 6-8 weeks from 24 January to 7 April 2020. These study participants were provided with appropriate personal protective equipment to deliver healthcare to patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 and were involved in aerosol generating procedures. 77 healthcare professionals with no exposure history to covid-19 and 80 patients who had recovered from covid-19 were recruited to verify the accuracy of antibody testing. Covid-19 related symptoms (fever, cough, and dyspnoea) and evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, defined as a positive test for virus specific nucleic acids in nasopharyngeal swabs, or a positive test for IgM or IgG antibodies in the serum samples. The average age of study participants was 35.8 years and 68.1% (286/420) were women. These study participants worked 4-6 hour shifts for an average of 5.4 days a week; they worked an average of 16.2 hours each week in intensive care units. All 420 study participants had direct contact with patients with covid-19 and performed at least one aerosol generating procedure. During the deployment period in Wuhan, none of the study participants reported covid-19 related symptoms. When the participants returned home, they all tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 specific nucleic acids and IgM or IgG antibodies (95% confidence interval 0.0 to 0.7%). Before a safe and effective vaccine becomes available, healthcare professionals remain susceptible to covid-19. Despite being at high risk of exposure, study participants were appropriately protected and did not contract infection or develop protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Healthcare systems must give priority to the procurement and distribution of personal protective equipment, and provide adequate training to healthcare professionals in its use."}, {"pmid": 32418894, "pmcid": "PMC7211740", "title": "A systematic review on use of aminoquinolines for the therapeutic management of COVID-19: Efficacy, safety and clinical trials.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Patil, Vaishali M", "Singhal, Shipra", "Masand, Neeraj"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418894", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent global outbreak of the pandemic caused by coronavirus (COVID-19) emphasizes the urgent need for novel antiviral therapeutics. It can be supplemented by utilization of efficient and validated drug discovery approaches such as drug repurposing/repositioning. The well reported and clinically used anti-malarial aminoquinoline drugs (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) have shown potential to be repurposed to control the present pandemic by inhibition of COVID-19. The review elaborates the mechanism of action, safety (side effects, adverse effects, toxicity) and details of clinical trials for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to benefit the clinicians, medicinal chemist, pharmacologist actively involved in controlling the pandemic and to provide therapeutics for the treatment of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32029919, "pmcid": "PMC7091733", "title": "Revisiting the dangers of the coronavirus in the ophthalmology practice.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Seah, Ivan", "Su, Xinyi", "Lingam, Gopal"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32029919", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425181, "title": "[COVID-19 outbreak and Cardiac Surgery: position paper from the COVID-SICCH Task Force of the Italian Society for Cardiac Surgery].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Bonalumi, Giorgia", "Di Mauro, Michele", "Garatti, Andrea", "Barili, Fabio", "Parolari, Alessandro", "Gerosa, Gino"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425181", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463538, "title": "Excess out-of-hospital deaths during COVID-19 outbreak: evidence of pulmonary embolism as a main determinant.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Benzakoun, Joseph", "Hmeydia, Ghazi", "Delabarde, Tania", "Hamza, Lilia", "Meder, Jean-Francois", "Ludes, Bertrand", "Mebazaa, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376320, "pmcid": "PMC7196539", "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detection in the female lower genital tract.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Cui, Pengfei", "Chen, Zhe", "Wang, Tian", "Dai, Jun", "Zhang, Jinjin", "Ding, Ting", "Jiang, Jingjing", "Liu, Jia", "Zhang, Cong", "Shan, Wanying", "Wang, Sheng", "Rong, Yueguang", "Chang, Jiang", "Miao, Xiaoping", "Ma, Xiangyi", "Wang, Shixuan"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376320", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321222, "title": "COVID-19 a mild disease in children.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Devulapalli, Chandra Sekhar"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321222", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531541, "pmcid": "PMC7261099", "title": "Are individuals with cardiovascular disease at risk of COVID-19-related mental health problems or individuals with cardiovascular disease at risk of cardiovascular disease-related mental health problems during COVID-19? A psychological-psychiatric perspective.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Sonia"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531541", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334862, "pmcid": "PMC7164907", "title": "[COVID-19: Clinical, biological and radiological characteristics in adults, infants and pregnant women. An up-to-date review at the heart of the pandemic].", "journal": "Rev Med Interne", "authors": ["Placais, L", "Richier, Q"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334862", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, discovered in China in January 2020, led to a pandemic as early as March 2020, forcing every health care system in the affected countries to adapt quickly. In order to better address this major health crisis, which has given rise to numerous scientific publications, we have synthesized the main original clinical studies to facilitate the day-to-day management of patients with COVID-19. We detail the early signs and progression of the disease as well as the different clinical forms, including extra-pulmonary, as known at the beginning of this pandemic. We focus on clinical, biological and CT markers predictive of severity or mortality. Finally, we discuss the impact of SARS-CoV-2\u00a0infection in populations suspected to be at high risk of severe forms."}, {"pmid": 32293018, "title": "[At least 68 vaccine candidates under development].", "journal": "Lakartidningen", "authors": ["Leach, Susannah"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293018", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is progressing at an unparalleled speed. As of the 29th of March, there were at least 68 vaccine candidates comprising several different vaccine designs, including whole killed virus, subunit, attenuated, viral vector, DNA and mRNA vaccines. Whilst it usually takes 10-15 years to develop a vaccine, it has only taken just over 9 weeks from the publication of the viral genetic sequence for the first vaccine candidate to reach clinical testing. Development has been expediated by using existing technological platforms and by performing preclinical and clinical testing simultaneously."}, {"pmid": 32411921, "pmcid": "PMC7220174", "title": "Patterns of care for inflammatory bowel disease in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Chen, Yan", "Hu, Shurong", "Wu, Hao", "Farraye, Francis A", "Bernstein, Charles N", "Zheng, Jing-Jing", "Kiran, Ravi P", "Shen, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411921", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227474, "pmcid": "PMC7228281", "title": "The human rights of children with disabilities during health emergencies: the challenge of COVID-19.", "journal": "Dev Med Child Neurol", "authors": ["Schiariti, Veronica"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227474", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406073, "pmcid": "PMC7273003", "title": "'And breathe...'? The sociology of health and illness in COVID-19 time.", "journal": "Sociol Health Illn", "authors": ["Will, Catherine M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406073", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449770, "title": "The impact of having inadequate safety equipment on mental health.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Simms, A", "Fear, N T", "Greenberg, N"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449770", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Concerns are being raised about the impact of inadequate safety equipment on the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 medical response. To assess the impact of inadequate safety equipment on the mental health of service personnel deployed on operations in order to better understand the impact on those working under the similarly demanding conditions of the COVID-19 medical response. Self-report surveys were conducted in four operational environments with 3435 personnel providing data. Surveys recorded data on socio-demographic, military and operational characteristics, mental health measures and specific occupational stressors. Analysis through logistic regression explored the association between inadequate equipment and all other factors. A total of 3401 personnel provided data on their perceptions of the adequacy of their equipment, of which 532 (15%) stated that they had a lot of concerns that they did not have the right equipment in working order. Analysis found significantly greater odds of reporting symptoms of common mental health disorders (CMD), 2.49 (2.03-3.06), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 2.99 (2.11-4.24), poorer global health 2.09 (1.62-2.70) and emotional problems 1.69 (1.38-2.06) when individuals reported working with inadequate equipment. Analyses remained significant when adjusted for confounding factors such as rank, sex and operational environment. An individual's perception of having inadequate equipment is significantly associated with symptoms of CMD, probable PTSD, poorer global health and increased reporting of emotional problems. This in turn may impact on their ability to safely carry out their duties and may have longer-term mental health consequences."}, {"pmid": 32468972, "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome with facial diplegia related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Chan, Jason L", "Ebadi, Hamid", "Sarna, Justyna R"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468972", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380214, "pmcid": "PMC7198181", "title": "Clinical considerations for managing dermatology patients on systemic immunosuppressive and/or biologic therapy during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Sanchez, Daniela P", "Kirsner, Robert S", "Lev-Tov, Hadar"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380214", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395829, "pmcid": "PMC7273074", "title": "Surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: operating room suggestions from an international Delphi process.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Abdelrahman, T", "Beamish, A J", "Brown, C", "Egan, R J", "Evans, T", "Ryan Harper, E", "Harries, R L", "Hopkins, L", "James, O", "Lewis, S", "Lewis, W G", "Luton, O", "Mellor, K", "Robinson, D", "Thomas, R", "Williams, A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395829", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Operating room (OR) practice during the COVID-19 pandemic is driven by basic principles, shared experience, and nascent literature. This study aimed to identify the knowledge needs of the global OR workforce, and characterise supportive evidence to establish consensus. A rapid, modified Delphi exercise was performed, open to all stakeholders, informed via an online international collaborative evaluation. The consensus exercise was completed by 339 individuals from 41 countries (64% UK). Consensus was reached on 71/100 statements, predominantly standardisation of OR pathways, OR staffing, and pre-operative screening or diagnosis. The highest levels of consensus were observed in statements relating to appropriate personal and protective equipment (PPE) and risk distribution (96-99%), clear consent processes (96%), multidisciplinary decision-making and working (97%). Statements yielding equivocal responses predominantly related to technical and procedure choices, including: decontamination (40-68%), laminar flow systems (13-61%), PPE reuse (58%), risk stratification of patients (21-48%), open vs. laparoscopic surgery (63%), preferential cholecystostomy in biliary disease (48%), and definition of aerosol generating procedures (19%). High levels of consensus existed for many statements within each domain, supporting much of the initial guidance issued by professional bodies, yet several contentious areas arose, which represent urgent targets for investigation to delineate safe COVID-19 related OR practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32397816, "title": "Diffuse Myocardial Inflammation in COVID-19 Associated Myocarditis Detected by Multiparametric Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Luetkens, Julian Alexander", "Isaak, Alexander", "Zimmer, Sebastian", "Nattermann, Jacob", "Sprinkart, Alois Martin", "Boesecke, Christoph", "Rieke, Gereon Jonas", "Zachoval, Christian", "Heine, Annkristin", "Velten, Markus", "Duerr, Georg Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397816", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508168, "title": "Effectiveness and safety of available treatments for COVID-19 during pregnancy: a critical review.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Favilli, Alessandro", "Mattei Gentili, Marta", "Raspa, Francesca", "Giardina, Irene", "Parazzini, Fabio", "Vitagliano, Amerigo", "Borisova, Anna V", "Gerli, Sandro"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508168", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 and it spread globally in the last few months. The complete lack of specific treatment forced clinicians to use old drugs, chosen for their efficacy against similar viruses or their in\u00a0vitro activity. Trials on patients are ongoing but the majority of information comes from small case series and single center reports. We aimed to provide a literature review on the putative effectiveness and safety of available treatments for COVID-19 in pregnant women.Methods: We reviewed all the available literature concerning the drugs that have been used in the treatment of COVID-19 during pregnancy and whose safe assumption during pregnancy had been demonstrated by clinical studies (i.e. including studies on other infectious diseases). Drugs contra-indicated during pregnancy or with unknown adverse effects were not included in our review.Results and conclusions: Clinical trials are not often conducted among pregnant patients for safety reasons and this means that drugs that may be effective in general population cannot be used for pregnant women due to the lack of knowledge of side effects in this category of people .The choice to use a specific drug for COVID-19 in pregnancy should take into account benefits and possible adverse events in each single case. In the current situation of uncertainty and poor knowledge about the management of COVID-19 during pregnancy, this present overview may provide useful information for physicians with practical implications."}, {"pmid": 32423724, "pmcid": "PMC7203056", "title": "Challenges and Opportunities for the Biotechnology Research Community during the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Trends Biotechnol", "authors": ["Rosales-Mendoza, Sergio", "Comas-Garcia, Mauricio", "Korban, Schuyler S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423724", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented some significant challenges to the scientific community. However, this has also offered opportunities for the pursuit of new scientific activities, and in particular for the field of biotechnology."}, {"pmid": 32049602, "pmcid": "PMC7233361", "title": "Pre- and Posttreatment Chest CT Findings: 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Duan, Ya-Ni", "Qin, Jie"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32049602", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510005, "pmcid": "PMC7261075", "title": "COVID-19 target: A specific target for novel coronavirus detection.", "journal": "Gene Rep", "authors": ["Kakhki, Reza Kamali", "Kakhki, Mohammad Kamali", "Neshani, Alireza"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510005", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus has been reported worldwide and become a global health problem; hence, the diagnosis and differentiation of this virus from other types of coronavirus is essential to control of the disease. To this end, the analysis of genomics data plays a vital role in introducing a stronger target and consequently provides better results in laboratory examinations. The modified comparative genomics approach helps us to find novel specific targets by comparing two or more sequences on the nucleotide collection database. We, for the first time, detected ORF8 gene as a potential target for the detection of the novel coronavirus. Unlike previous reported genes (RdRP, E and N genes), ORF8 is entirely specific to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and has no cross-reactivity with other kinds of coronavirus. Accordingly, ORF8 gene can be used as an additional confirmatory assay."}, {"pmid": 32297717, "title": "COVID-19: Humanitarian and Health Care Crisis in a Third World Country.", "journal": "J Clin Psychiatry", "authors": ["Andrade, Chittaranjan"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297717", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362345, "pmcid": "PMC7184005", "title": "COVID-19 and Depression.", "journal": "Clin Ther", "authors": ["Shader, Richard I"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362345", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic embodies overwhelming stresses-unemployment, death, and isolation, among others. When called upon, clinicians must try to sort out demoralization from depression. This commentary discerns the characteristics of demoralization versus depression, and suggests solutions for both, together with a cautionary word on the use chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32488724, "pmcid": "PMC7265876", "title": "Endocrine complications of COVID-19: what happens to the thyroid and adrenal glands?", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Bellastella, G", "Maiorino, M I", "Esposito, K"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488724", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395222, "pmcid": "PMC7202334", "title": "Delivery in Asymptomatic Italian Woman with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis", "authors": ["De Socio, Giuseppe Vittorio", "Malincarne, Lisa", "Arena, Saverio", "Troiani, Stefania", "Benedetti, Sara", "Camilloni, Barbara", "Epicoco, Giorgio", "Mencacci, Antonella", "Francisci, Daniela"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395222", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439306, "pmcid": "PMC7162773", "title": "Management and Treatment of COVID-19: The Chinese Experience.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Peng, Fujun", "Tu, Lei", "Yan, Yongshi", "Hu, Peng", "Wang, Runsheng", "Hu, Qinyong", "Cao, Feng", "Jiang, Taijiao", "Sun, Jinlyu", "Xu, Guogang", "Chang, Christopher"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439306", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With more than 1,800,000 cases and 110,000 deaths globally, COVID-19 is one of worst infectious disease outbreaks in history. This paper provides a critical review of the available evidence regarding the lessons learned from the Chinese experience with COVID-19 prevention and management. The steps that have led to a near disappearance of new cases in China included rapid sequencing of the virus to establish testing kits, which allowed tracking of infected persons in and out of Wuhan. In addition, aggressive quarantine measures included the complete isolation of Wuhan and then later Hubei Province and the rest of the country, as well as closure of all schools and nonessential businesses. Other measures included the rapid construction of two new hospitals and the establishment of \"Fangcang\" shelter hospitals. In the absence of a vaccine, the management of COVID-19 included antivirals, high-flow oxygen, mechanical ventilation, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, interferons, intravenous immunoglobulin, and convalescent plasma infusions. These measures appeared to provide only moderate success. Although some measures have been supported by weak descriptive data, their effectiveness is still unclear pending well controlled clinical trials. In the end, it was the enforcement of drastic quarantine measures that stopped SARS-CoV-2 from spreading. The earlier the implementation, the less likely resources will be depleted. The most critical factors in stopping a pandemic are early recognition of infected individuals, carriers, and contacts and early implementation of quarantine measures with an organised, proactive, and unified strategy at a national level. Delays result in significantly higher death tolls."}, {"pmid": 32395791, "title": "Covid-19, chronicles of a forecasted pandemic.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Abdelmalek, Rim"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395791", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507536, "title": "Covid-19 mortality in cancer patients in a Madrid hospital during the first 3 weeks of the epidemic.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Lara Alvarez, Miguel Angel", "Rogado Revuelta, Jacobo", "Obispo Portero, Berta", "Pangua Mendez, Cristina", "Serrano Montero, Gloria", "Lopez Alfonso, Ana"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507536", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The covid-19 pandemic especially affects cancer patients with higher incidence and mortality according to published series of original pandemic foci. The study aims to determine the mortality in our center due to covid-19 in cancer patients during the first 3 weeks of the epidemic. The cancer patients who died of covid-19 during the analysis period have been reviewed describing the oncological and the covid-19 infection characteristics and the treatments established. Confirmed cases covid-19: 1069 with 132 deaths (12.3%). With cancer 36 patients (3.4%), 15 deceased (41.6%). Of the deceased, only 6 patients (40%) were in active treatment. The most frequent associated tumor was lung (8/15 patients, 53.3%), 11 with metastatic disease (11/15, 73.3%). No specific treatment was\u00a0established in 40% (6/15) of the patients. The\u00a0rest of them received treatments with the active protocols. Covid-19 mortality in cancer patients is almost four times higher than that of the general population. Until we have effective treatments or an effective vaccine, the only possibility to protect our patients is to prevent the infection with the appropriate measures."}, {"pmid": 32366505, "title": "Covid-19 and pregnancy.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366505", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Guideline: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection in pregnancyPublished by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), with input from the Royal College of Midwives, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPH), the Royal College of Anaesthetists, and the Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association.This summary is based on version 8 of the guideline, published on 17 April 2020 (https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/2020-04-17-coronavirus-covid-19-infection-in-pregnancy.pdf)."}, {"pmid": 32028773, "title": "Fighting the novel coronavirus: the publication of the Chinese expert consensus on the perinatal and neonatal management for the prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection (First edition).", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32028773", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515400, "title": "The invisible victims - Impact of the pandemic on patients without COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Rehman Khalid, Muhammad Osama", "Zaheer, Ramsha"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515400", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has shocked the world to a standstill. Routine healthcare has been severely disrupted. Healthcare service is a finite resource and in the current pandemic situation the risks of providing care to individual patients, whether they be confirmed, probable or suspected cases, should be balanced against the ability to provide safe routine long-term care to others. But how far can the healthcare system protect itself and fear the unknown, before it starts causing harm by omission? Herein we provide a review of cases that were misdiagnosed, left stranded in the system or had to face unnecessary delays due to the lack of an organised pathway."}, {"pmid": 32271457, "title": "Mask crisis during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Wang, M-W", "Zhou, M-Y", "Ji, G-H", "Ye, L", "Cheng, Y-R", "Feng, Z-H", "Chen, J"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271457", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. As of February 29, 2020, the National Health Commission of China has reported 79,389 confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 34 provinces. The masks can be used to block respiratory transmission from human to human, and are an effective way to control influenza. It is, therefore, necessary to wear a mask when respiratory infectious diseases are prevalent. China has a population of 1.4 billion. Assuming that two-thirds of the people in China must wear a mask every day, the daily demand for masks will reach 900 million. The Chinese government has taken many measures to solve these problems. Additionally, more measures should be taken to properly dispose of mask garbage. Although the outbreak originated in China, person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed, which means that it can be spread to anywhere in the world if prevention measures fail. The issues regarding face mask shortages and garbage in China, therefore, deserve worldwide attention."}, {"pmid": 32471650, "pmcid": "PMC7250100", "title": "Acute pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 disease: Preliminary report on seven patients.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Faggiano, Pompilio", "Bonelli, Andrea", "Paris, Sara", "Milesi, Giuseppe", "Bisegna, Stefano", "Bernardi, Nicola", "Curnis, Antonio", "Agricola, Eustachio", "Maroldi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471650", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is some evidence that Covid 19 pneumonia is associated with prothrombotic status and increased risk of venous thromboembolic events (deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism). Over a two-week period we admitted in our Unit 25 patients with Covid-19 pneumonia, of these pulmonary embolism was diagnosed using computed tomography angiography in 7. We report on clinical and biochemical features of these patients. They were all males, with a mean age of 70.3\u00a0years (range 58-84); traditional risk factors for venous thromboembolism were identified in the majority of patients with pulmonary embolism, however not differently from those without pulmonary embolism. Clinical presentation of pulmonary embolism patients was usually characterized by persistence or worsening of respiratory symptoms, with increasing oxygen requirement. D-dimer levels were several fold higher than the upper threshold of normal; in patients in whom PE was recognized during hospital stay, a rapid and relevant increase of D-dimer levels was observed. Computed tomographic findings ranged from massive acute pulmonary embolism to a segmental or sub-segmental pattern; furthermore, thrombosis of sub-segmental pulmonary arteries within lung infiltrates were occasionally seen, suggesting local mechanisms. Six out of 7 patients were treated with unfractionated or low molecular weight heparin with clinical benefit within few days; one patient needed systemic thrombolysis (death from hemorrhagic complication)."}, {"pmid": 32159735, "title": "Care for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Murthy, Srinivas", "Gomersall, Charles D", "Fowler, Robert A"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159735", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32185669, "pmcid": "PMC7089199", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: infection control protocol inside computed tomography suites.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Nakajima, Kento", "Kato, Hideaki", "Yamashiro, Tsuneo", "Izumi, Toshiharu", "Takeuchi, Ichiro", "Nakajima, Hideaki", "Utsunomiya, Daisuke"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185669", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) causes a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. It spread rapidly and globally. CT imaging is helpful for the evaluation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Infection control inside the CT suites is also important to prevent hospital-related transmission of COVID-19. We present our experience with infection control protocol for COVID-19 inside the CT suites."}, {"pmid": 32299528, "pmcid": "PMC7198458", "title": "Early phases of COVID-19 management in a low-income country: Bangladesh.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Monjur, Mohammad R", "Hassan, Md Zakiul"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299528", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532739, "title": "Covid-19: People in most deprived areas of England and Wales twice as likely to die.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Dowd, Adrian"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532739", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464695, "title": "Enclosure with augmented airflow to decrease risk of exposure to aerosolized pathogens including coronavirus during endotracheal intubation. Can the reduction in aerosolized particles be quantified?", "journal": "Paediatr Anaesth", "authors": ["Bryant, Jason", "Tobias, Joseph D"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464695", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) has impacted hospital routines in recent weeks, recommendations to reduce health care worker infections are being developed. We report preliminary experience with the efficacy of an enclosure with augmented airflow to decrease the risk of exposure to aerosolized pathogens during airway management including endotracheal intubation. A particle generator was used to test the efficacy of the reduction of aerosolized particles by measuring their concentration within the enclosure and in the environment. No reductionin the concentration of aerosolized particles was noted with the enclosure flap open, whether the interior suction was on or off. However, with the enclosure closed and no augmented air flow (suction off), the particle concentration decreased to 1.2% of baseline. The concentration decreased even further, to 0.8% of baseline with the enclosure closed with augmented airflow (suction on). Aerosolized particulate contamination in the operating room can be decreased using a clear plastic enclosure with minimal openings and augmented airflow. This may serve to decrease the exposure of healthcare providers to aerosolized pathogens."}, {"pmid": 32182811, "pmcid": "PMC7084373", "title": "Reverse Logistics Network Design for Effective Management of Medical Waste in Epidemic Outbreaks: Insights from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Wuhan (China).", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Yu, Hao", "Sun, Xu", "Solvang, Wei Deng", "Zhao, Xu"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32182811", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of an epidemic disease may pose significant treats to human beings and may further lead to a global crisis. In order to control the spread of an epidemic, the effective management of rapidly increased medical waste through establishing a temporary reverse logistics system is of vital importance. However, no research has been conducted with the focus on the design of an epidemic reverse logistics network for dealing with medical waste during epidemic outbreaks, which, if improperly treated, may accelerate disease spread and pose a significant risk for both medical staffs and patients. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel multi-objective multi-period mixed integer program for reverse logistics network design in epidemic outbreaks, which aims at determining the best locations of temporary facilities and the transportation strategies for effective management of the exponentially increased medical waste within a very short period. The application of the model is illustrated with a case study based on the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Even though the uncertainty of the future COVID-19 spread tendency is very high at the time of this research, several general policy recommendations can still be obtained based on computational experiments and quantitative analyses. Among other insights, the results suggest installing temporary incinerators may be an effective solution for managing the tremendous increase of medical waste during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, but the location selection of these temporary incinerators is of significant importance. Due to the limitation on available data and knowledge at present stage, more real-world information are needed to assess the effectiveness of the current solution."}, {"pmid": 32314059, "pmcid": "PMC7170733", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgeons and the strategy for triaging non-emergent operations: a global neurosurgery study.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Jean, Walter C", "Ironside, Natasha T", "Sack, Kenneth D", "Felbaum, Daniel R", "Syed, Hasan R"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314059", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted all aspects of society globally. As healthcare resources had to be preserved for infected patients, and the risk of in-hospital procedures escalated for uninfected patients and staff, neurosurgeons around the world have had to postpone non-emergent procedures. Under these unprecedented conditions, the decision to defer cases became increasingly difficult as COVID-19 cases skyrocketed. Data was collected by self-reporting surveys during two discrete periods: the principal survey accrued responses during 2\u00a0weeks at the peak of the global pandemic, and the supplemental survey accrued responses after that to detect changes in opinions and circumstances. Nine hypothetical surgical scenarios were used to query neurosurgeons' opinion on the risk of postponement and the urgency to re-schedule the procedures. An acuity index was generated for each scenario, and this was used to rank the nine cases. There were 494 respondents to the principal survey from 60 countries. 258 (52.5%) reported that all elective cases and clinics have been shut down by their main hospital. A total of 226 respondents (46.1%) reported that their operative volume had dropped more than 50%. For the countries most affected by COVID-19, this proportion was 54.7%. There was a high degree of agreement among our respondents that fast-evolving neuro-oncological cases are non-emergent cases that nonetheless have the highest risk in postponement, and selected vascular cases may have high acuity as well. We report on the impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgeons around the world. From their ranking of the nine case scenarios, we deduced a strategic scheme that can serve as a guideline to triage non-emergent neurosurgical procedures during the pandemic. With it, hopefully, neurosurgeons can continue to serve their patients without endangering them either neurologically or risking their exposure to the deadly virus."}, {"pmid": 32127517, "pmcid": "PMC7054527", "title": "Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice.", "journal": "Int J Oral Sci", "authors": ["Peng, Xian", "Xu, Xin", "Li, Yuqing", "Cheng, Lei", "Zhou, Xuedong", "Ren, Biao"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127517", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel \u03b2-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused severe and even fetal pneumonia explored in a seafood market of Wuhan city, Hubei province, China, and rapidly spread to other provinces of China and other countries. The 2019-nCoV was different from SARS-CoV, but shared the same host receptor the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The natural host of 2019-nCoV may be the bat Rhinolophus affinis as 2019-nCoV showed 96.2% of whole-genome identity to BatCoV RaTG13. The person-to-person transmission routes of 2019-nCoV included direct transmission, such as cough, sneeze, droplet inhalation transmission, and contact transmission, such as the contact with oral, nasal, and eye mucous membranes. 2019-nCoV can also be transmitted through the saliva, and the fetal-oral routes may also be a potential person-to-person transmission route. The participants in dental practice expose to tremendous risk of 2019-nCoV infection due to the face-to-face communication and the exposure to saliva, blood, and other body fluids, and the handling of sharp instruments. Dental professionals play great roles in preventing the transmission of 2019-nCoV. Here we recommend the infection control measures during dental practice to block the person-to-person transmission routes in dental clinics and hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32232977, "title": "Response to \"Comments on 'Zhang et al: Clinical trial analysis of 2019-nCoV therapy registered in China'\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Qi", "Wang, Yakun", "Qi, Changsong", "Shen, Lin", "Li, Jian"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232977", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32154911, "pmcid": "PMC7166412", "title": "COVID-19 Presents High Risk to Older Persons.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Applegate, William B", "Ouslander, Joseph G"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32154911", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32108351, "pmcid": "PMC7228255", "title": "Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A single arm meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sun, Pengfei", "Qie, Shuyan", "Liu, Zongjian", "Ren, Jizhen", "Li, Kun", "Xi, Jianing"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108351", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aim to summarize reliable evidence of evidence-based medicine for the treatment and prevention of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by analyzing all the published studies on the clinical characteristics of patients with SARS-CoV-2. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and other databases were searched. Several studies on the clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection were collected for meta-analysis. Ten studies were included in Meta-analysis, including a total number of 50466 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Meta-analysis shows that, among these patients, the incidence of fever was 0.891 (95% CI: 0.818, 0.945), the incidence of cough was 0.722 (95% CI: 0.657, 0.782), and the incidence of muscle soreness or fatigue was 0.425 (95% CI: 0.213, 0.652). The incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was 0.148 (95% CI: 0.046, 0.296), the incidence of abnormal chest computer tomography (CT) was 0.966 (95% CI: 0.921, 0.993), the percentage of severe cases in all infected cases was 0.181 (95% CI: 0.127, 0.243), and the case fatality rate of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 0.043 (95% CI: 0.027, 0.061). Fever and cough are the most common symptoms in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and most of these patients have abnormal chest CT examination. Several people have muscle soreness or fatigue as well as ARDS. Diarrhea, hemoptysis, headache, sore throat, shock, and other symptoms are rare. The case fatality rate of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection is lower than that of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). This meta-analysis also has limitations, so the conclusions of this Meta-analysis still need to be verified by more relevant studies with more careful design, more rigorous execution, and larger sample size."}, {"pmid": 32384798, "title": "Potential Cytoprotective Activity of Ozone Therapy in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.", "journal": "Antioxidants (Basel)", "authors": ["Martinez-Sanchez, Gregorio", "Schwartz, Adriana", "Donna, Vincenzo Di"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384798", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "(1) Background: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 has caused a large global outbreak. Systemic ozone therapy (OT) could be potentially useful in the clinical management of several complications secondary to SARS-CoV-2. The rationale and mechanism of action has already been proven clinically in other viral infections and has been shown in research studies to be highly effective at decreasing organ damage mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress. This review summarizes the OT studies that illustrate the possible cytoprotective mechanism of action of ozone and its physiological by-products in target organs affected by SARS-CoV-2. (2) Methods: This review encompasses a total of 74 peer-reviewed original articles. It is mainly focused on ozone as a modulator of the NF-\u03ba B/Nrf2 pathways and IL-6/IL-1\u03b2 expression. (3) Results: In experimental models and the few existent clinical studies, homeostasis of the free radical and antioxidant balance by OT was associated with a modulation of NF-\u03ba B/Nrf2 balance and IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2 expression. These molecular mechanisms support the cytoprotective effects of OT against tissue damage present in many inflammatory diseases, including viral infections. (4) Conclusions: The potential cytoprotective role of OT in the management of organ damage induced by COVID-19 merits further research. Controlled clinical trials are needed."}, {"pmid": 32212515, "title": "Novel Coronavirus and Old Lessons - Preparing the Health System for the Pandemic.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hick, John L", "Biddinger, Paul D"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212515", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32094225, "pmcid": "PMC7152756", "title": "The antiviral compound remdesivir potently inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.", "journal": "J Biol Chem", "authors": ["Gordon, Calvin J", "Tchesnokov, Egor P", "Feng, Joy Y", "Porter, Danielle P", "Gotte, Matthias"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32094225", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Antiviral drugs for managing infections with human coronaviruses are not yet approved, posing a serious challenge to current global efforts aimed at containing the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (CoV-2). Remdesivir (RDV) is an investigational compound with a broad spectrum of antiviral activities against RNA viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). RDV is a nucleotide analog inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps). Here, we co-expressed the MERS-CoV nonstructural proteins nsp5, nsp7, nsp8, and nsp12 (RdRp) in insect cells as a part a polyprotein to study the mechanism of inhibition of MERS-CoV RdRp by RDV. We initially demonstrated that nsp8 and nsp12 form an active complex. The triphosphate form of the inhibitor (RDV-TP) competes with its natural counterpart ATP. Of note, the selectivity value for RDV-TP obtained here with a steady-state approach suggests that it is more efficiently incorporated than ATP and two other nucleotide analogs. Once incorporated at position i, the inhibitor caused RNA synthesis arrest at position i + 3. Hence, the likely mechanism of action is delayed RNA chain termination. The additional three nucleotides may protect the inhibitor from excision by the viral 3'-5' exonuclease activity. Together, these results help to explain the high potency of RDV against RNA viruses in cell-based assays."}, {"pmid": 32462663, "title": "Clinical features and outcome of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfected patients in The Bronx, New York city.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Suwanwongse, Kulachanya", "Shabarek, Nehad"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462663", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145187, "pmcid": "PMC7124610", "title": "Has China faced only a herald wave of SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Flahault, Antoine"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145187", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495985, "title": "The association between D-dimers in COVID-19 patients and mortality remains beset of uncertainties.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Gris, Jean-Christophe", "Loubet, Paul", "Roger, Claire", "Cochery-Nouvellon, Eva", "Mauboussin, Jean-Marc", "Muller, Laurent", "Bouvier, Sylvie", "Laureillard, Didier", "Davide Barbar, Saber", "Mercier, Erick", "Lefrant, Jean-Yves", "Sotto, Albert"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495985", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We appreciated the response to our letter from Dr. Zhang and colleagues who actively support D-dimer level at admission as an effective and easy-to-perform laboratory predictor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1). We congratulate them for the work and thank them for the arguments they have provided. However, we still have many doubts, which observation of the cases we have managed in our university hospital do not dispel."}, {"pmid": 32417304, "pmcid": "PMC7224653", "title": "The need to manage the risk of thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Khan, Inayat Hussain", "Savarimuthu, Sugeevan", "Leung, Marco Shiu Tsun", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417304", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 first appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. Thought to be of zoonotic origin, it has been named SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and has spread rapidly. As of April 20, 2020, there have been >2.4 million cases recorded worldwide. The inflammatory process, cytokine storm, and lung injury that are associated with COVID-19 can put patients at an increased risk of thrombosis. The total incidence of thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients is currently uncertain. Those with more severe disease and with other risk factors, including increasing age, male sex, obesity, cancer, comorbidities, and intensive care unit admission, are at higher risk of these events. However, there is little international guidance on managing these risks in COVID-19 patients. In this paper, we explore the current evidence and theories surrounding thrombosis in these unique patients and reflect on experience from our center."}, {"pmid": 32402410, "pmcid": "PMC7190472", "title": "[How to approach management of ocular surface disease during COVID-19 pandemic?]", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Labetoulle, M", "Doan, S", "Rousseau, A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402410", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32206694, "pmcid": "PMC7085496", "title": "Structural, glycosylation and antigenic variation between 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV).", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Kumar, Swatantra", "Maurya, Vimal K", "Prasad, Anil K", "Bhatt, Madan L B", "Saxena, Shailendra K"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32206694", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is of global concern and might have emerged from RNA recombination among existing coronaviruses. CoV spike (S) protein which is crucial for receptor binding, membrane fusion via conformational changes, internalization of the virus, host tissue tropism and comprises crucial targets for vaccine development, remain largely uncharacterized. Therefore, the present study has been planned to determine the sequence variation, structural and antigenic divergence of S glycoprotein which may be helpful for the management of 2019-nCoV infection. The sequences of spike glycoprotein of 2019-nCoV and SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) were used for the comparison. The sequence variations were determined using EMBOSS Needle pairwise sequence alignment tools. The variation in glycosylation sites was predicted by NetNGlyc 1.0 and validated by N-GlyDE server. Antigenicity was predicted by NetCTL 1.2 and validated by IEDB Analysis Resource server. The structural divergence was determined by using SuperPose Version 1.0 based on cryo-EM structure of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein. Our data suggests that 2019-nCoV is newly spilled coronavirus into humans in China is closely related to SARS-CoV, which has only 12.8% of difference with SARS-CoV in S protein and has 83.9% similarity in minimal receptor-binding domain with SARS-CoV. Addition of a novel glycosylation sites were observed in 2019-nCoV. In addition, antigenic analysis proposes that great antigenic differences exist between both the viral strains, but some of the epitopes were found to be similar between both the S proteins. In spite of the variation in S protein amino acid composition, we found no significant difference in their structures. Collectively, for the first time our results exhibit the emergence of human 2019-nCoV is closely related to predecessor SARS-CoV and provide the evidence that 2019-nCoV uses various novel glycosylation sites as SARS-CoV and may have a potential to become pandemic owing its antigenic discrepancy. Further, demonstration of novel Cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes may impart opportunities for the development of peptide based vaccine for the prevention of 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32457932, "pmcid": "PMC7250427", "title": "Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19.", "journal": "Toxicol Commun", "authors": ["Erickson, T B", "Chai, P R", "Boyer, E W"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457932", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The media have featured the antimalarials chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to treat coronavirus (COVID-19). Political leaders have touted their use and recommended availability to the public. These anti-inflammatory agents have substantial human toxicity with a narrow therapeutic window. CQ and HCQ poisoning cause myocardial depression and profound hypotension due to vasodilation. Bradycardia and ventricular escape rhythms arise from impaired myocardial automaticity and conductivity due to sodium and potassium channel blockade. With cardiotoxicity, ECGs may show widened QRS, atrioventricular heart block and QT interval prolongation. CQ may also cause seizures, often refractory to standard treatment. Of concern is pediatric poisoning, where 1-2 pills of CQ or HCQ can cause serious and potentially fatal toxicity in a toddler. The treatment of CQ/HCQ poisoning includes high-dose intravenous diazepam postulated to have positive ionotropic and antidysrhythmic properties that may antagonize the cardiotoxic effects of CQ. Infusions of epinephrine titrated to treat unstable hypotension, as well as potassium for severe hypokalemia may be required. Current scientific evidence does not support treatment or prophylactic use of these agents for COVID-19 disease. Regulatory and public health authorities recognize that CQ/HCQ may offer little clinical benefit and only add risk requiring further investigation before wider public distribution."}, {"pmid": 32413200, "pmcid": "PMC7261999", "title": "Recommendations for personal protective equipment and smoke evacuation for dermatologic surgeries amid the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Do, Mytrang H", "Minkis, Kira", "Petukhova, Tatyana A", "Lipner, Shari R"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413200", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305310, "pmcid": "PMC7151408", "title": "An oncologist perspective on COVID 19: A mysterious cryptic virus.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Shetty, Sameep S", "Rao, Vishal", "Kudpaje, Akshay", "Mithra, Surya", "Merchant, Yash", "Shabadi, Nikita"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305310", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395933, "title": "COVID-19, a graphic account.", "journal": "Emergencias", "authors": ["Simon Abadia, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395933", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534341, "title": "Could the decrease in the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production and NO bioavailability be the crucial cause of COVID-19 related deaths?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Ozdemir, Burak", "Yazici, Ahmet"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534341", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508257, "title": "Patients with cancer in the COVID-19 era: the clinical trial issue.", "journal": "Tumori", "authors": ["Scarcia, Marcello", "Ludovico, Giuseppe Mario", "Fortunato, Angela", "Fiorentino, Alba"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508257", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospital reorganization may result in reduced ability for the hospital to fully use its armamentarium for battling cancer. Thus different therapeutic modalities have been recommended. During the pandemic, despite regulatory agencies' recommendations, several considerations and doubts remain for oncologic clinical trials. Considering patients who had been enrolled before the pandemic, and who plan to take the study medication, the situation becomes complicated. These patients should undergo monitoring visits, blood sampling, questionnaire, physical examination, and drug and radiation administration. To avoid deviations from the protocol and trial discontinuation, follow-up should be performed regularly, in concordance with safety guidelines. Here we report several considerations."}, {"pmid": 32127711, "title": "Open peer-review platform for COVID-19 preprints.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Johansson, Michael A", "Saderi, Daniela"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127711", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423297, "title": "Whatever Happened to Evidence-Based Practice During COVID-19?", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Krouse, Helene J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423297", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Contemporary medical practice is grounded in rigorous scientific evidence in concert with best clinical practices and informed shared decision making with patients. During these times of uncertainty, disruption, and even anxiety, it becomes critical that we engage with our patients and communities in thoughtful dialogue and realistic expectations regarding treatments surrounding COVID-19. The hope for a \"miracle\" cure and urgency to return back to normal times can stimulate irrational thought and behavior and even desperate measures by individuals or groups. It becomes especially important that we continue to use reasonable, informed clinical judgment in discussing the various options with patients."}, {"pmid": 32233973, "title": "Implications for Online Management: Two Cases with COVID-19.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Huang, Sufang", "Xiao, Yaru", "Yan, Li", "Deng, Juan", "He, Mei", "Lu, Jun", "Ke, Shun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233973", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    Satisfactory outcome was observed in one mild case and one severe case of COVID-19 pneumonia after the use of the online/offline multidisciplinary quarantine observation form, online monitoring, and classified diagnosis and treatment, as well as strict compliance with quarantine measures. Conditions of both patients were improved, and cross-infection and disease onset clustering were not observed. The multidisciplinary self-quarantine model provides early judgment, identification, and treatment of disease, improves compliance with early rehabilitation, increases confidence in recovery, and enhances self-management capabilities. This model is applicable to the current novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic and can actively promote the management of suspected or confirmed mild cases, monitoring of critical cases, and self-management of discharged patients. The application of this new management model is worthy of being promoted in our specialized treatment facilities and in countries with severe epidemics.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32462468, "pmcid": "PMC7252416", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan.", "journal": "Surg Today", "authors": ["Watanabe, Manabu"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462468", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its initial outbreak in China, in December, 2019, COVID-19 has spread rapidly across the globe. At the time of writing, on April 29, 2020, infections had been confirmed in more than 200 countries and regions and 3,018,681 infections and 207,973 deaths had been recorded. In Japan, the first confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported on January 16, 2020, since when, the number of domestic infections and the death toll have reached 13,852 and 389, respectively, representing exponential increases. Moreover, both domestically and internationally, the shortage of medical resources and the spread of infection among medical personnel, caused by nosocomial transmissions have become problematic. The pathology of COVID-19, including the exact infection route, remains largely unknown. Given the unavailability of an effective cure and vaccine, people are required to respond to this adversity without becoming complacent. The global efforts against the COVID-19 pandemic are ongoing endeavors, far from over. New epidemiological data and clinical findings are emerging on a daily basis, making it critical to always refer to the latest information."}, {"pmid": 32163030, "pmcid": "PMC7258486", "title": "Indirect Virus Transmission in Cluster of COVID-19 Cases, Wenzhou, China, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cai, Jing", "Sun, Wenjie", "Huang, Jianping", "Gamber, Michelle", "Wu, Jing", "He, Guiqing"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32163030", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine possible modes of virus transmission, we investigated a cluster of coronavirus disease cases associated with a shopping mall in Wenzhou, China. Data indicated that indirect transmission of the causative virus occurred, perhaps resulting from virus contamination of common objects, virus aerosolization in a confined space, or spread from asymptomatic infected persons."}, {"pmid": 32429572, "title": "The Role of Lipid Metabolism in COVID-19 Virus Infection and as a Drug Target.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Abu-Farha, Mohamed", "Thanaraj, Thangavel Alphonse", "Qaddoumi, Mohammad G", "Hashem, Anwar", "Abubaker, Jehad", "Al-Mulla, Fahd"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429572", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 pandemic has infected over two million people and resulted in the death of over one hundred thousand people at the time of writing this review. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Even though multiple vaccines and treatments are under development so far, the disease is only slowing down under extreme social distancing measures that are difficult to maintain. SARS-COV-2 is an enveloped virus that is surrounded by a lipid bilayer. Lipids are fundamental cell components that play various biological roles ranging from being a structural building block to a signaling molecule as well as a central energy store. The role lipids play in viral infection involves the fusion of the viral membrane to the host cell, viral replication, and viral endocytosis and exocytosis. Since lipids play a crucial function in the viral life cycle, we asked whether drugs targeting lipid metabolism, such as statins, can be utilized against SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. In this review, we discuss the role of lipid metabolism in viral infection as well as the possibility of targeting lipid metabolism to interfere with the viral life cycle."}, {"pmid": 32518097, "title": "There is no stopping covid-19 without stopping racism.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Karan, Abraar", "Katz, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518097", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469298, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic, public health preparedness in Nepal and one health approach.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Pokharel, Sunil", "Raut, Shristi", "Rijal, Komal Raj", "Adhikari, Bipin"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469298", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526061, "title": "Targeting the NO-cGMP-PDE5 pathway in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Andrology", "authors": ["Isidori, A M", "Giannetta, E", "Pofi, R", "Venneri, M A", "Gianfrilli, D", "Campolo, F", "Mastroianni, C M", "Lenzi, A", "d'Ettorre, G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526061", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has been sweeping the world since December. It begins as a respiratory infection that, mainly in men with diabetes or renal impairment, evolves into a systemic disease, with SARDS, progressive endothelial cell damage, abnormal clotting and impaired cardiovascular and liver function. Some clinical trials are testing biological drugs to limit the immune system dysregulation, \"cytokines storm\", that causes the systemic complications of COVID-19. The contraindications of these drugs and their cost raise concerns over the implications of their widespread availability. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have revealed a role for the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) pathway in modulating low-grade inflammation in patients with metabolic diseases, offering cardiovascular protection. PDE5 inhibition favors an anti-inflammatory response by modulating activated T cells, reducing cytokine release, lowering fibrosis, increasing oxygen diffusion, stimulating vascular repair. PDE5 is highly expressed in the lungs, where its inhibition improves pulmonary fibrosis, a complication of severe COVID-19 disease. We performed a systematic review of all evidence documenting any involvement of the NO-cGMP-PDE5 axis in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, presenting the ongoing clinical trials aimed at modulating this axis, including our own \"silDEnafil administration in DiAbetic and dysmetaboLic patients with COVID-19 (DEDALO trial)\". The reviewed evidence suggests that PDE5 inhibitors could offer a new strategy in managing COVID-19 by (i) counteracting the Ang-II-mediated downregulation of AT-1 receptor; (ii) acting on monocyte switching, thus reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, interstitial infiltration and the vessel damage responsible for alveolar hemorrhage-necrosis; (iii) inhibiting the transition of endothelial and smooth muscle cells to mesenchymal cells in the pulmonary artery, preventing clotting and thrombotic complications. If the ongoing trials presented herein should provide positive findings, the low cost, wide availability and temperature stability of PDE5 inhibitors could make them a major resource to combat COVID-19 in developing countries."}, {"pmid": 32515076, "title": "COVID-19 infection in pancreas transplant recipients.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dube, Geoffrey K", "Husain, S Ali", "McCune, Kasi R", "Sandoval, P Rodrigo", "Ratner, Lloyd E", "Cohen, David J"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515076", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic since first being described in January 2020. Clinical manifestations in non-transplant patients range from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan system failure and death. Limited reports in kidney transplant recipients suggest similar characteristics in that population. We report here the first case series of COVID-19 infection occurring in pancreas transplant recipients."}, {"pmid": 32525081, "title": "Human Touch via Touchscreen: Rural nurses' experiential perspectives on telehealth use in pediatric hospice care.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Weaver, Meaghann S", "Neumann, Marie L", "Navaneethan, Hema", "Robinson, Jacob E", "Hinds, Pamela S"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525081", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Telemedicine has the potential to extend care reach and access to home-based hospice services for children. Few studies have explored nurse perspectives regarding this communication modality for rural pediatric cohorts. The objective of this qualitative study was to learn from the experiences of rural hospice nurses caring for children at the end of life using telehealth modalities to inform palliative communication. Voice-recorded qualitative interviews with rural hospice nurse telehealth users inquiring on nurse experiences with telehealth. Semantic content analysis was used. Fifteen hospice nurses representing nine rural hospice agencies were interviewed. Nurses participated in an average of eight telehealth visits in the three-months prior. Nurses were female with mean age 38 years and average 7 years hospice nursing experience. Five themes about telehealth emerged: accessible support, participant inclusion, timely communication, informed and trusted planning, and familiarity fostered. Each theme had both benefits and cautions associated as well as telehealth suggestions. Nurses recommended individualizing communication, pacing content, fostering human connection, and developing relationships even with technology use. The experiences of nurses who utilize telehealth in their care for children receiving end of life care in rural regions may enable palliative care teams to understand both the benefits and challenges of telehealth use. Nurse insights on telehealth may help palliative care teams better honor the communication needs of patients and families while striving to improve care access."}, {"pmid": 32401711, "pmcid": "PMC7211498", "title": "Evidence mounts on the disproportionate effect of COVID-19 on ethnic minorities.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Kirby, Tony"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401711", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530428, "pmcid": "PMC7190290", "title": "Progressive respiratory failure in COVID-19: a hypothesis.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Endeman, Henrik", "van der Zee, Philip", "van Genderen, Michel E", "van den Akker, Johannes P C", "Gommers, Diederik"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530428", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338790, "pmcid": "PMC7267335", "title": "Major head and neck reconstruction during the COVID-19 pandemic: The University of Pittsburgh approach.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Ranasinghe, Viran", "Mady, Leila J", "Kim, Seungwon", "Ferris, Robert L", "Duvvuri, Umamaheswar", "Johnson, Jonas T", "Solari, Mario G", "Sridharan, Shaum", "Kubik, Mark"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338790", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created significant challenges to the delivery of care for patients with advanced head and neck cancer requiring multimodality therapy. Performing major head and neck ablative surgery and reconstruction is a particular concern given the extended duration and aerosolizing nature of these cases. In this manuscript, we describe our surgical approach to provide timely reconstructive care and minimize infectious risk to the providers, patients, and families."}, {"pmid": 32342348, "pmcid": "PMC7184803", "title": "Spinal anesthesia for Cesarean delivery in women with COVID-19 infection: questions regarding the cause of hypotension.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Benhamou, Dan", "Meyer, Hawa Keita", "Morau, Estelle", "Chassard, Dominique", "Mercier, Frederic J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342348", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404358, "title": "Covid-19: International staff are considered vital to NHS's efforts, survey finds.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404358", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278361, "pmcid": "PMC7158946", "title": "Attention should be paid to venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in the management of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Wang, Tao", "Chen, Ruchong", "Liu, Chunli", "Liang, Wenhua", "Guan, Weijie", "Tang, Ruidi", "Tang, Chunli", "Zhang, Nuofu", "Zhong, Nanshan", "Li, Shiyue"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278361", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396747, "title": "Reply to Facing COVID-19 in Ophthalmology Department.", "journal": "Curr Eye Res", "authors": ["McGlacken-Byrne, Aisling B"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396747", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311643, "title": "Reorganisation of medical oncology departments during the novel coronavirus disease-19 pandemic: a nationwide Italian survey.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Indini, Alice", "Aschele, Carlo", "Cavanna, Luigi", "Clerico, Mario", "Daniele, Bruno", "Fiorentini, Giammaria", "Fioretto, Luisa", "Giordano, Monica", "Montesarchio, Vincenzo", "Ortega, Cinzia", "Pinotti, Graziella", "Scanni, Alberto", "Zamagni, Claudio", "Blasi, Livio", "Grossi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311643", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pandemic is a global health problem, which started to affect China by the end of 2019. In Europe, Italy has faced this novel disease entity (named novel coronavirus disease [COVID-19]) first and severely. COVID-19 represents a significant hurdle for public health services and a potential harm for patients with cancer. The Collegio Italiano dei Primari Oncologi Medici (CIPOMO) is an Italian association of head physicians in oncology departments, which promotes working and research activities in oncology on a national basis. In the midst of the epidemic in Italy, the CIPOMO promoted a national survey aiming to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on clinical activity of oncologists and the implementation of containment measures of COVID-19 diffusion. Overall, 122 head physicians participated in this survey, with a homogeneous distribution on the national territory. Results show that the following measures for oncologic patients have been promptly implemented through the whole country: use of protective devices, triage of patients accessing the hospital, delay of non-urgent visits and use of telemedicine. Results of this survey suggest that Italian oncology departments have promptly set a proactive approach to the actual emergency. Oncologists need to preserve the continuum of care of patients, as the benefit of ensuring a well-delivered anti-cancer treatment plan outweighs the risk of COVID-19 infection. International cooperation is an important starting point, as heavily affected nations can serve as an example to find out ways to safely preserve health activity during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32496244, "title": "COVID-19 in India: Making a case for the one health surveillance system.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Yasobant, Sandul", "Patel, Krupali", "Saxena, Deepak", "Falkenberg, Timo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496244", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pandemics like COVID-19 warrant an urgent implementation of the one health surveillance (OHS) system to the focus on multisectoral, multidisciplinary, multi-institutional, and multispecialty coordination, in all aspects of the response to outbreaks that might involve humans, animals, and their environment. The Indian system so far has evolved in conducting surveillance and monitoring of parameters within the domain of human health, animal health, and the environment, but in silos. This commentary piece provides an opinion to boost the existing surveillance activities for early detection and ways to develop an integrated OHS to prevent future COVID-19 like pandemics in India. It also attempts to provide possible solutions at the interface of human-animal-environment, from the simpler to the complex system integration with the principles of one health."}, {"pmid": 32442756, "title": "Combination of four clinical indicators predicts the severe/critical symptom of patients infected COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Sun, Liping", "Song, Fengxiang", "Shi, Nannan", "Liu, Fengjun", "Li, Shenyang", "Li, Ping", "Zhang, Weihan", "Jiang, Xiao", "Zhang, Yongbin", "Sun, Lining", "Chen, Xiong", "Shi, Yuxin"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442756", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the death rate of COVID-19 is less than 3%, the fatality rate of severe/critical cases is high, according to World Health Organization (WHO). Thus, screening the severe/critical cases before symptom occurs effectively saves medical resources. In this study, all 336 cases of patients infected COVID-19 in Shanghai to March 12th, were retrospectively enrolled, and divided in to training and test datasets. In addition, 220 clinical and laboratory observations/records were also collected. Clinical indicators were associated with severe/critical symptoms were identified and a model for severe/critical symptom prediction was developed. Totally, 36 clinical indicators significantly associated with severe/critical symptom were identified. The clinical indicators are mainly thyroxine, immune related cells and products. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and optimized combination of age, GSH, CD3 ratio and total protein has a good performance in discriminating the mild and severe/critical cases. The area under receiving operating curve (AUROC) reached 0.9996 and 0.9757 in the training and testing dataset, respectively. When the using cut-off value as 0.0667, the recall rate was 93.33 % and 100 % in the training and testing datasets, separately. Cox multivariate regression and survival analyses revealed that the model significantly discriminated the severe/critical cases and used the information of the selected clinical indicators. The model was robust and effective in predicting the severe/critical COVID cases."}, {"pmid": 32226962, "title": "COVID-19 in a Patient Presenting with Syncope and a Normal Chest X-ray.", "journal": "R I Med J (2013)", "authors": ["Tape, Chantal", "Byrd, Katrina M", "Aung, Su", "Lonks, John R", "Flanigan, Timothy P", "Rybak, Natasha R"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226962", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus that has now affected hundreds of thousands of individuals across the world. Amidst this global pandemic, maintaining a high index of suspicion, rapid testing capacity, and infection control measures are required to curtail the virus' rapid spread. While fever and respiratory symptoms have been commonly used to identify COVID-19 suspects, we present an elderly female who arrived to the hospital after a syncopal episode. She was afebrile with a normal chest X-ray and there was no suspicion of COVID-19. She then developed a fever and tested positive for COVID-19. Our unique case underscores the increasing diversity of COVID-19 presentations and potential for initial mis- diagnosis and delay in implementing proper precautions."}, {"pmid": 32348469, "pmcid": "PMC7197526", "title": "Laboratory information system requirements to manage the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from the Belgian national reference testing center.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Weemaes, Matthias", "Martens, Steven", "Cuypers, Lize", "Van Elslande, Jan", "Hoet, Katrien", "Welkenhuysen, Joris", "Goossens, Ria", "Wouters, Stijn", "Houben, Els", "Jeuris, Kirsten", "Laenen, Lies", "Bruyninckx, Katrien", "Beuselinck, Kurt", "Andre, Emmanuel", "Depypere, Melissa", "Desmet, Stefanie", "Lagrou, Katrien", "Van Ranst, Marc", "Verdonck, Ann K L C", "Goveia, Jermaine"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348469", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the development, implementation and requirements of laboratory information system (LIS) functionality to manage test ordering, registration, sample flow, and result reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our large (>12,000,000 tests/year) academic hospital laboratory is the Belgian National Reference Center (NRC) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing. We performed a moving total of\u2009>\u200925,000 SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests in parallel to standard routine testing since the start of the outbreak. A LIS implementation team dedicated to develop tools to remove the bottlenecks, primarily situated in the pre- and post-analytical phase, was established early in the crisis. We outline the design, implementation and requirements of LIS functionality related to managing increased test demand during the COVID-19 crisis, including tools for test ordering, standardized order sets integrated into a computerized provider order entry module, notifications on shipping requirements, automated triaging based on digital metadata forms, and the establishment of databases with contact details of other laboratories and primary care physicians to enable automated reporting. We also describe our approach to data mining and reporting of actionable daily summary statistics to governing bodies and other policymakers. Rapidly developed, agile extendable LIS functionality and its meaningful use alleviates the administrative burden on laboratory personnel and improves turn-around-time of SARS-CoV-2 testing. It will be important to maintain an environment that is conducive for the rapid adoption of meaningful LIS tools post-COVID crisis."}, {"pmid": 32470568, "pmcid": "PMC7250111", "title": "Clinical evidence for repurposing chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as antiviral agents: a systematic review.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Rodrigo, Chaturaka", "Fernando, Sumadhya Deepika", "Rajapakse, Senaka"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470568", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Repurposing hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) as antiviral agents is a re-emerging topic with new viral epidemics. To summarize evidence from human clinical studies for using HCQ or CQ as antiviral agents for any viral infection. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science for published studies without time or language restrictions. Cochrane Clinical Trial Registry and Chinese Clinical Trials Registry for trials registered after 2015. MedRxiv for pre-prints within the last 12\u00a0months. Interventional and prospective observational studies (with or without a control group) PARTICIPANTS: Adults and children with a confirmed viral infection. Use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine as antiviral agents in one or more groups of the study. Two authors independently screened abstracts and all authors agreed on eligible studies. A meta-analysis was planned if similar studies were available in terms of participants, intervention, comparator and outcomes. Nineteen studies were eligible (HIV: 8, HCV: 2, Dengue: 2, Chikungunya: 1, COVID-19: 6) including two pre-prints. Nine and ten studies assessed CQ and HCQ respectively. Benefits of either drug for viral load suppression in HIV is inconsistent. CQ is ineffective in curing dengue (high certainty evidence) and may have little or no benefit in curing chikungunya (low-certainty evidence). The evidence for COVID-19 infection is rapidly evolving but at this stage we are unsure if CQ or HCQ has any benefit in clearing viraemia (very low certainty evidence). Using HCQ or CQ for HIV/HCV infections is clinically irrelevant now as other effective antivirals are available for viral load suppression (HIV) and cure (HCV). There is no benefit of CQ in dengue and the same conclusion is likely for chikungunya infection. More evidence is needed to confirm if HCQ or CQ is beneficial in COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32470944, "title": "Letter to the Editor. Utilization of health personnel in developing countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Ansari, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470944", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468517, "pmcid": "PMC7255906", "title": "Cancer patients in COVID-19 outbreak: something more than Suram fortress.", "journal": "Med Oncol", "authors": ["Ferrari, Daris", "Violati, Martina", "Codeca, Carla"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468517", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415305, "pmcid": "PMC7239118", "title": "When cancer encounters COVID-19 in China: what have we suffered, experienced and learned.", "journal": "Jpn J Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Chen, Haiyang", "Wu, Xuan", "Wang, Wei", "Wang, Qiming"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415305", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of 21 March 2020, this epidemic has spread to 179 countries with more than 200 000 confirmed cases and 8578 deaths. The outbreak has put enormous pressure on the medical establishment and even led to exhaustion of medical resources in the most affected areas. Other medical work has been significantly affected in the context of COVID-19 epidemic. In order to reduce or avoid cross-infection with COVID-19, many hospitals have taken measures to limit the number of outpatient visits and inpatients. For example, emergency surgery can only be guaranteed, and most other surgeries can be postponed. Patients with cancer are one of the groups most affected by the epidemic because of their systematic immunosuppressive state and requirement of frequent admission to hospital. Consequently, specific adjustments for their treatment need to be made to cope with this situation. Therefore, it is of significance to summarize the relevant experience of China in the prevention and control of COVID-19 infection and treatment of patients with cancer during the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32353348, "pmcid": "PMC7185946", "title": "Estimation of COVID-19 burden in Egypt.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Sahmoud, Tarek"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353348", "countries": ["Egypt"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501449, "pmcid": "PMC7241324", "title": "Response to: Broadbent 2020, Better the drug you know: Commentary on \"Daughton 2020, Natural experiment concept to accelerate the re-purposing of existing therapeutics for Covid-19\".", "journal": "Glob Epidemiol", "authors": ["Daughton, Christian G"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501449", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32151714, "pmcid": "PMC7135736", "title": "COVID-19 Therapeutic and Prevention.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Raoult, Didier", "Hsueh, Po-Ren", "Stefani, Stefania", "Rolain, Jean-Marc"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32151714", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464367, "pmcid": "PMC7204734", "title": "The neurology of COVID-19 revisited: A proposal from the Environmental Neurology Specialty Group of the World Federation of Neurology to implement international neurological registries.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Roman, Gustavo C", "Spencer, Peter S", "Reis, Jacques", "Buguet, Alain", "Faris, Mostafa El Alaoui", "Katrak, Sarosh M", "Lainez, Miguel", "Medina, Marco Tulio", "Meshram, Chandrashekhar", "Mizusawa, Hidehiro", "Ozturk, Serefnur", "Wasay, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464367", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A comprehensive review of the neurological disorders reported during the current COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates that infection with SARS-CoV-2 affects the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the muscle. CNS manifestations include: headache and decreased responsiveness considered initial indicators of potential neurological involvement; anosmia, hyposmia, hypogeusia, and dysgeusia are frequent early symptoms of coronavirus infection. Respiratory failure, the lethal manifestation of COVID-19, responsible for 264,679 deaths worldwide, is probably neurogenic in origin and may result from the viral invasion of cranial nerve I, progressing into rhinencephalon and brainstem respiratory centers. Cerebrovascular disease, in particular large-vessel ischemic strokes, and less frequently cerebral venous thrombosis, intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, usually occur as part of a thrombotic state induced by viral attachment to ACE2 receptors in endothelium causing widespread endotheliitis, coagulopathy, arterial and venous thromboses. Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy is associated to the cytokine storm. A frontal hypoperfusion syndrome has been identified. There are isolated reports of seizures, encephalopathy, meningitis, encephalitis, and myelitis. The neurological diseases affecting the PNS and muscle in COVID-19 are less frequent and include Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome; Miller Fisher syndrome; polyneuritis cranialis; and rare instances of viral myopathy with rhabdomyolysis. The main conclusion of this review is the pressing need to define the neurology of COVID-19, its frequency, manifestations, neuropathology and pathogenesis. On behalf of the World Federation of Neurology we invite national and regional neurological associations to create local databases to report cases with neurological manifestations observed during the on-going pandemic. International neuroepidemiological collaboration may help define the natural history of this worldwide problem."}, {"pmid": 32352359, "title": "Coronavirus Disease-2019: Implication for the care and management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Sawalha, Amr H", "Manzi, Susan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352359", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic remitting-relapsing autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems. In this article we discuss aspects in the management of lupus patients that are particularly relevant during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We speculate that lupus patients might be more susceptible for a more severe COVID-19 disease course and emphasize the importance of maintaining remission in lupus patients. We discuss the critical role hydroxychloroquine plays in the management of lupus patients and suggest considering the psychosocial implications of the current pandemic on lupus care."}, {"pmid": 32381519, "title": "Prioritising paediatric surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Ladhani, Shamez N", "Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin", "Amirthalingam, Gayatri", "Demirjian, Alicia", "Ramsay, Mary Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381519", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339007, "title": "Discontinuation of antiviral drugs may be the reason for recovered COVID-19 patients testing positive again.", "journal": "Br J Hosp Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Wu, Fanqi", "Zhang, Wenli", "Zhang, Longguo", "Wang, Dan", "Wan, Yixin"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339007", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297925, "pmcid": "PMC7184375", "title": "Sequential analysis of viral load in a neonate and her mother infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Han, Mi Seon", "Seong, Moon-Woo", "Heo, Eun Young", "Park, Ji Hong", "Kim, Namhee", "Shin, Sue", "Cho, Sung Im", "Park, Sung Sup", "Choi, Eun Hwa"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297925", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report changes in viral load over time in a 27-day old neonate with COVID-19 who presented with fever, cough, and vomiting. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the nasopharynx, oropharynx, stool, saliva, plasma, and urine. The highest viral RNA copies in nasopharynx decreased over time while viral load in stool remained high."}, {"pmid": 32469327, "pmcid": "PMC7222576", "title": "Pandemicity, COVID-19 and the limits of public health 'science'.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Richardson, Eugene T"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469327", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345931, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children: An Invisible Threat Which We Cannot Ignore.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Biban, Paolo"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345931", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356580, "pmcid": "PMC7235515", "title": "QTc evaluation in COVID-19 patients treated with chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Monzani, Alice", "Genoni, Giulia", "Scopinaro, Alice", "Pistis, Gianfranco", "Kozel, Daniela", "Secco, Gioel Gabrio"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356580", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32032682, "pmcid": "PMC7102641", "title": "Pathogenicity and transmissibility of 2019-nCoV-A quick overview and comparison with other emerging viruses.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Jieliang"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32032682", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A zoonotic coronavirus, tentatively labeled as 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO), has been identified as the causative agent of the viral pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019. Although 2019-nCoV can cause a severe respiratory illness like SARS and MERS, evidence from clinics suggested that 2019-nCoV is generally less pathogenic than SARS-CoV, and much less than MERS-CoV. The transmissibility of 2019-nCoV is still debated and needs to be further assessed. To avoid the 2019-nCoV outbreak turning into an epidemic or even a pandemic and to minimize the mortality rate, China activated emergency response procedures, but much remains to be learned about the features of the virus to refine the risk assessment and response. Here, the current knowledge in 2019-nCoV pathogenicity and transmissibility is summarized in comparison with several commonly known emerging viruses, and information urgently needed for a better control of the disease is highlighted."}, {"pmid": 32213307, "pmcid": "PMC7156809", "title": "Dermatology practices as vectors for COVID-19 transmission: A call for immediate cessation of nonemergent dermatology visits.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Kwatra, Shawn G", "Sweren, Ronald J", "Grossberg, Anna L"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213307", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274772, "title": "Corticosteroid Guidance for Pregnancy during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["McIntosh, Jennifer Jury"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274772", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is causing a necessary, rapid adjustment within the field of obstetrics. Corticosteroid use is a mainstay of therapy for those women delivering prematurely. Unfortunately, corticosteroid use has been associated with worse outcomes in COVID-19 positive patients. Given this information, it is necessary that obstetricians adjust practice to carefully weigh the fetal benefits with maternal risks. Therefore, our institution has examined the risks and benefits and altered our corticosteroid recommendations. \u00b7 Corticosteroid use is an important part of prematurity treatment because it provides benefit to the fetus.. \u00b7 Corticosteroid use may be related with increased morbidity and mortality in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).. \u00b7 Therefore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, an alteration in current corticosteroid practices is necessary to uniquely weigh the maternal risks and fetal benefits.."}, {"pmid": 32505068, "title": "COVID-19 infection: Is the outcome time-dependent?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Pavoni, Vittorio", "Gianesello, Lara"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505068", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340829, "pmcid": "PMC7166105", "title": "Educating Surgeons to Educate Patients About the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Saxena, Arjun", "Bullock, Matthew", "Danoff, Jonathan R", "Rodd, Denise Smith", "Fischer, Stuart J", "Stronach, Ben M", "Levine, Brett R"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340829", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spring of 2020 has been a trying time for the global medical community as it has faced the latest pandemic, COVID-19. This contagious and lethal virus has impacted patients and health care workers alike. Elective surgeries have been suspended, and the very core of our health care system is being strained. The following brief communication reviews pertinent details about the virus, delaying elective surgeries, and what patients can do during this time. The goal is to disseminate factual data that surgeons can then use to educate their patients."}, {"pmid": 32408910, "title": "Interdisciplinary and Collaborative Approaches Needed to Determine Impact of COVID-19 on Older Adults and Aging: CAG/ACG and CJA/RCV Joint Statement.", "journal": "Can J Aging", "authors": ["Meisner, Brad A", "Boscart, Veronique", "Gaudreau, Pierrette", "Stolee, Paul", "Ebert, Patricia", "Heyer, Michelle", "Kadowaki, Laura", "Kelly, Christine", "Levasseur, Melanie", "Massie, Ariane S", "Menec, Verena", "Middleton, Laura", "Sheiban, Linda", "Thornton, Wendy Loken", "Tong, Catherine", "van den Hoonaard, Deborah K", "Wilson, Kimberley"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408910", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent state of public emergency have significantly affected older adults in Canada and worldwide. It is imperative that the gerontological response be efficient and effective. In this statement, the board members of the Canadian Association on Gerontology/L'Association canadienne de g\u00e9rontologie (CAG/ACG) and the Canadian Journal on Aging/La revue canadienne du vieillissement (CJA/RCV) acknowledge the contributions of CAG/ACG members and CJA/RCV readers. We also profile the complex ways that COVID-19 is affecting older adults, from individual to population levels, and advocate for the adoption of multidisciplinary collaborative teams to bring together different perspectives, areas of expertise, and methods of evaluation in the COVID-19 response."}, {"pmid": 32084674, "title": "[Detection of 2019-nCoV in the pathological paraffin embedded tissue].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xu, S P", "Kuang, D", "Hu, Y", "Liu, C", "Duan, Y Q", "Wang, G P"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32084674", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473138, "pmcid": "PMC7255338", "title": "Obstacles to COVID-19 control in east Africa.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nakkazi, Esther"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473138", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422179, "pmcid": "PMC7228697", "title": "Walking the line between benefit and harm from tracheostomy in COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Schultz, Marcus J", "Pattnaik, Rajyabardhan", "Dondorp, Arjen M"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422179", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426363, "pmcid": "PMC7204382", "title": "Age-Dependent Risks of Incidence and Mortality of COVID-19 in Hubei Province and Other Parts of China.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Li, Hongdou", "Wang, Shuang", "Zhong, Fan", "Bao, Wuyin", "Li, Yipeng", "Liu, Lei", "Wang, Hongyan", "He, Yungang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426363", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic of early 2020 poses an enormous challenge to global public health. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the virus has spread rapidly throughout the world, taking thousands of lives in just over 2 months. It is critical to refine the incidence and mortality risks of COVID-19 for the effective management of the general public and patients during the outbreak. In this report, we investigate the incidence and mortality risks of the infection by analyzing the age composition of 5,319 infected patients, 76 fatal cases, and 1,144,648 individuals of the general public in China. Our results show a relatively low incidence risk for young people but a very high mortality risk for seniors. Notably, mortality risk could be as high as 0.48 for people older than 80 years. Furthermore, our study suggests that a good medical service can effectively reduce the mortality rate of the viral infection to 1% or less."}, {"pmid": 32462858, "title": "Oxygen-ozone therapy as adjuvant in the current emergency in SARS-COV-2 infection: a clinical study.", "journal": "J Biol Regul Homeost Agents", "authors": ["Marini, S", "Maggiorotti, M", "Dardes, N", "Bonetti, M", "Martinelli, M", "Re, L", "Carinci, F", "Tavera, C"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462858", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the multicentre study promoted by Nuova FIO is to evaluate the beneficial effects of the systemic Oxygen-Ozone (O2O3) therapy in patients suffering from SARS COV-2 disease in the early phases of the disease, before worsening, up to the need of tracheal intubation. The study is based on the rationale on that the systemic oxygen-ozone treatment could be effective, positively influencing the disease evolution and/or being able to mitigate the onset of the cytokine storm syndrome at least partially."}, {"pmid": 32428773, "pmcid": "PMC7203024", "title": "COVID-19 in Bangladesh: public awareness and insufficient health facilities remain key challenges.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Banik, R", "Rahman, M", "Sikder, T", "Gozal, D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428773", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494896, "pmcid": "PMC7268965", "title": "COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias: a global perspective on arrhythmia characteristics and management strategies.", "journal": "J Interv Card Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Gopinathannair, Rakesh", "Merchant, Faisal M", "Lakkireddy, Dhanunjaya R", "Etheridge, Susan P", "Feigofsky, Suzy", "Han, Janet K", "Kabra, Rajesh", "Natale, Andrea", "Poe, Stacy", "Saha, Sandeep A", "Russo, Andrea M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494896", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cardiovascular and arrhythmic events have been reported in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, arrhythmia manifestations and treatment strategies used in these patients have not been well-described. We sought to better understand the cardiac arrhythmic manifestations and treatment strategies in hospitalized COVID-19 patients through a worldwide cross-sectional survey. The Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) sent an online survey (via SurveyMonkey) to electrophysiology (EP) professionals (physicians, scientists, and allied professionals) across the globe. The survey was active from March 27 to April 13, 2020. A total of 1197 respondents completed the survey with 50% of respondents from outside the USA, representing 76 countries and 6 continents. Of respondents, 905 (76%) reported having COVID-19-positive patients in their hospital. Atrial fibrillation was the most commonly reported tachyarrhythmia whereas severe sinus bradycardia and complete heart block were the most common bradyarrhythmias. Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation arrest and pulseless electrical activity were reported by 4.8% and 5.6% of respondents, respectively. There were 140 of 631 (22.2%) respondents who reported using anticoagulation therapy in all COVID-19-positive patients who did not otherwise have an indication. One hundred fifty-five of 498 (31%) reported regular use of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (HCQ) + azithromycin (AZM); concomitant use of AZM was more common in the USA. Sixty of 489 respondents (12.3%) reported having to discontinue therapy with HCQ + AZM due to significant QTc prolongation and 20 (4.1%) reported cases of Torsade de Pointes in patients on HCQ/chloroquine and AZM. Amiodarone was the most common antiarrhythmic drug used for ventricular arrhythmia management. In this global survey of >\u20091100 EP professionals regarding hospitalized COVID-19 patients, a variety of arrhythmic manifestations were observed, ranging from benign to potentially life-threatening. Observed adverse events related to use of HCQ + AZM included prolonged QTc requiring drug discontinuation as well as Torsade de Pointes. Large prospective studies to better define arrhythmic manifestations as well as the safety of treatment strategies in COVID-19 patients are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32468775, "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19): Let's Prevent Not Panic.", "journal": "J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Fatima", "Mukhtar, Neha"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468775", "countries": ["France", "Philippines", "China", "Japan", "Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It was on 31st December 2019, that a cluster of pneumonia cases was reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) by China. The initial investigations revealed the cases to be due to a previously unknown \"never before seen strain of coronavirus\". Coronaviruses are a group of viruses, which are normally present among animals such as cows, bats, camels and cats. The disease was officially named COVID-19 by WHO on 11th February 2020. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses named the virus as SARS-CoV-2 due to its resemblance to SARS coronavirus. According to WHO's Situation Report-28 as of 17th February 2020, globally there were 71,429 confirmed cases, which included both laboratories confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases (applicable only to Hubei province of China). Cases are clinically diagnosed based on their signs and symptoms and chest x-rays without laboratory testing. More than 99% of these are in China i.e. 70,635 and 794 are outside China. The cases reported outside of China belong to 25 countries in various regions of WHO: China having the epicenter of the disease bears the greatest brunt, with 1772 deaths. The three deaths outside China have been reported in Philippines, Japan and France. The case fatality rate of COVID-19 ranges between 2-3% A wide spectrum of disease, ranging from mild to severe, has been reported in confirmed cases of COVID-19. Respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, dyspnoea, myalgia, fatigue, breathing difficulties and bilateral lung infiltrates on C.T are common findings. Pakistan so far has not reported any confirmed case of COVID-19. Government is showing its commitment towards the threat of importation. This novel coronavirus, called as a \"devil\" by Chinese Prime Minister, Xi Ping is really an enigma."}, {"pmid": 32458197, "pmcid": "PMC7250266", "title": "Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a review of what we know so far.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Gklinos, Panagiotis"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458197", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic disease globally. While it mostly presents with respiratory symptoms, it has already been found that it could manifest with a series of neurological symptoms as well, either at presentation or during the course of the disease. Symptoms vary from non-specific such as headache or dizziness to more specific such as convulsions and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to give an overview of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and discuss the potential pathogenetic mechanisms of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Clinicians and especially internists, neurologists, and infectious disease specialists should be aware of these symptoms and able to recognize them early. Prompt diagnosis and immediate management of the neurological manifestations of the novel coronavirus will not only improve the prognosis of COVID-19 patients but will also prevent the dissemination of the disease due to misdiagnosed cases."}, {"pmid": 32265220, "pmcid": "PMC7222643", "title": "Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19 infection: systematic review and critical appraisal.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wynants, Laure", "Van Calster, Ben", "Bonten, Marc M J", "Collins, Gary S", "Debray, Thomas P A", "De Vos, Maarten", "Haller, Maria C", "Heinze, Georg", "Moons, Karel G M", "Riley, Richard D", "Schuit, Ewoud", "Smits, Luc J M", "Snell, Kym I E", "Steyerberg, Ewout W", "Wallisch, Christine", "van Smeden, Maarten"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265220", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To review and critically appraise published and preprint reports of prediction models for diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in patients with suspected infection, for prognosis of patients with covid-19, and for detecting people in the general population at risk of being admitted to hospital for covid-19 pneumonia. Rapid systematic review and critical appraisal. PubMed and Embase through Ovid, Arxiv, medRxiv, and bioRxiv up to 24 March 2020. Studies that developed or validated a multivariable covid-19 related prediction model. At least two authors independently extracted data using the CHARMS (critical appraisal and data extraction for systematic reviews of prediction modelling studies) checklist; risk of bias was assessed using PROBAST (prediction model risk of bias assessment tool). 2696 titles were screened, and 27 studies describing 31 prediction models were included. Three models were identified for predicting hospital admission from pneumonia and other events (as proxy outcomes for covid-19 pneumonia) in the general population; 18 diagnostic models for detecting covid-19 infection (13 were machine learning based on computed tomography scans); and 10 prognostic models for predicting mortality risk, progression to severe disease, or length of hospital stay. Only one study used patient data from outside of China. The most reported predictors of presence of covid-19 in patients with suspected disease included age, body temperature, and signs and symptoms. The most reported predictors of severe prognosis in patients with covid-19 included age, sex, features derived from computed tomography scans, C reactive protein, lactic dehydrogenase, and lymphocyte count. C index estimates ranged from 0.73 to 0.81 in prediction models for the general population (reported for all three models), from 0.81 to more than 0.99 in diagnostic models (reported for 13 of the 18 models), and from 0.85 to 0.98 in prognostic models (reported for six of the 10 models). All studies were rated at high risk of bias, mostly because of non-representative selection of control patients, exclusion of patients who had not experienced the event of interest by the end of the study, and high risk of model overfitting. Reporting quality varied substantially between studies. Most reports did not include a description of the study population or intended use of the models, and calibration of predictions was rarely assessed. Prediction models for covid-19 are quickly entering the academic literature to support medical decision making at a time when they are urgently needed. This review indicates that proposed models are poorly reported, at high risk of bias, and their reported performance is probably optimistic. Immediate sharing of well documented individual participant data from covid-19 studies is needed for collaborative efforts to develop more rigorous prediction models and validate existing ones. The predictors identified in included studies could be considered as candidate predictors for new models. Methodological guidance should be followed because unreliable predictions could cause more harm than benefit in guiding clinical decisions. Finally, studies should adhere to the TRIPOD (transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis) reporting guideline. Protocol https://osf.io/ehc47/, registration https://osf.io/wy245."}, {"pmid": 32419840, "pmcid": "PMC7216870", "title": "Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality.", "journal": "Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health", "authors": ["Fegert, Jorg M", "Vitiello, Benedetto", "Plener, Paul L", "Clemens, Vera"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419840", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is profoundly affecting life around the globe. Isolation, contact restrictions and economic shutdown impose a complete change to the psychosocial environment in affected countries. These measures have the potential to threaten the mental health of children and adolescents significantly. Even though the current crisis can bring with it opportunities for personal growth and family cohesion, disadvantages may outweigh these benefits. Anxiety, lack of peer contact and reduced opportunities for stress regulation are main concerns. Another main threat is an increased risk for parental mental illness, domestic violence and child maltreatment. Especially for children and adolescents with special needs or disadvantages, such as disabilities, trauma experiences, already existing mental health problems, migrant background and low socioeconomic status, this may be a particularly challenging time. To maintain regular and emergency child and adolescent psychiatric treatment during the pandemic is a major challenge but is necessary for limiting long-term consequences for the mental health of children and adolescents. Urgent research questions comprise understanding the mental health effects of social distancing and economic pressure, identifying risk and resilience factors, and preventing long-term consequences, including-but not restricted to-child maltreatment. The efficacy of telepsychiatry is another highly relevant issue is to evaluate the efficacy of telehealth and perfect its applications to child and adolescent psychiatry. There are numerous mental health threats associated with the current pandemic and subsequent restrictions. Child and adolescent psychiatrists must ensure continuity of care during all phases of the pandemic. COVID-19-associated mental health risks will disproportionately hit children and adolescents who are already disadvantaged and marginalized. Research is needed to assess the implications of policies enacted to contain the pandemic on mental health of children and adolescents, and to estimate the risk/benefit ratio of measures such as home schooling, in order to be better prepared for future developments."}, {"pmid": 32236385, "pmcid": "PMC7100949", "title": "Outbreak investigation in cargo ship in times of COVID-19 crisis, Port of Santos, Brazil.", "journal": "Rev Saude Publica", "authors": ["Fernandes, Eder Gatti", "Santos, Janice da Silva", "Sato, Helena Keico"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236385", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In February 2020, a Chinese cargo ship docked at the Port of Santos with reports of crew members with a feverish and respiratory condition. A team was gathered to verify the existence of suspected cases of COVID-19 inside the vessel and define its clearance. All 25 crew members were interviewed, and no suspected cases were found. The vessel was then cleared for port activities. The investigation resulted from the implementation of the contingency plan to face a public health emergency of international importance and several surveillance entities cooperated."}, {"pmid": 32500660, "title": "Management of adult patients with severe atopic dermatitis treated with dupilumab during COVID-19 pandemic: a single-center real-life experience.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Rossi, Mariateresa", "Rovati, Chiara", "Arisi, Mariachiara", "Soglia, Simone", "Calzavara-Pinton, Piergiacomo"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438448, "title": "Pandemically challenged: developing a ward-based cross-skilling programme.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Bakewell, Zoe", "Davies, Danielle", "Allanby, Lucy", "Dhonye, Yasin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438448", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, North Bristol NHS Trust (NBT) doctors were redeployed to unfamiliar clinical teams, where they would work at the level of a fully-registered Foundation doctor. As undergraduate clinical teaching fellows, we were re-purposed to rapidly produce a training programme to refresh the medical knowledge of doctors who were from a wide variety of non-medical specialities and grades. Building on our experience of facilitating medical students, wedevised medical ward-based scenarios in an informal Objective Structure Clinical Examination (OSCE) style to promote focused active learning and prompt further independent study."}, {"pmid": 32246185, "pmcid": "PMC7124188", "title": "We Asked the Experts: Covid-19 Outbreak: Is There Still a Place for Scheduled Surgery? \"Reflection from Pathophysiological Data\".", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Besnier, Emmanuel", "Tuech, Jean-Jacques", "Schwarz, Lilian"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246185", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523135, "title": "Care of acute coronary syndromes during the health contingency due to a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Pina-Reyna, Yigal", "Garcia-Rincon, Andres", "Ortiz-Fernandez P, Patricio H", "Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A", "Gutierrez-Fajardo, Pedro", "Merino-Rajme, Jose A", "Reyes-Teran, Gustavo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523135", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The communications accumulated in the last weeks make it clear that there is no agreement to define the best treatment strategy in patients with acute coronary syndrome (SICA). In patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (IAMCESST), it has been suggested to favor fibrinolysis (FL) over primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), reserving ICP for cases of failed FL1,2; however, some societies have maintained the indication of the ICPp as the repercussion method of choice3. In SICAs without ST segment elevation (SICASESST) the recommendations are very similar, favoring medical treatment over percutaneous coronary intervention in this subgroup of patients1. Several companies consider the contagion status, particularly in the SICASESST, to decide which repercussion follow3. Anticipating that the epidemiological curve in Mexico will be similar to that observed in most countries, we recommend continuing the care of patients with SICA, the catheterization rooms must maintain their operation."}, {"pmid": 32525374, "title": "Living under the shadow of a pandemic: The psychological challenges underlying social distancing and awareness raising.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Zaidi, Aelia", "Ali, Amena Zehra"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525374", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The efforts of containing the novel virus (COVID-19) have now begun to show signs of psychological impact on societies across the globe. Social distancing and awareness campaigns can be double-edged sword, if handled inadequately. Herein, authors have shed light on the favorable and unfavorable aspects of living under lockdown. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32312362, "title": "[Recommendations on the identification and transfer of children with critical diabetes during the COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312362", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most serious public health problem in China. Children with diabetes are also among the population susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Traffic problems caused by epidemic prevention and control increase the difficulty in the management of children with severe diabetes. In order to control the spread of epidemic, children with mild diabetes are advised to be managed at home and in the community. However, how to treat children with severe diabetes effectively and safely during the outbreak of COVID-19 brings great challenges to primary doctors. The Subspecialty Group of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association and the Subspecialty Group of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Doctor Association have developed the recommendations on the identification and transfer of children with critical diabetes during the COVID-19 outbreak, which provide a reference for primary doctors to quickly assess the severity of patient's condition and treat the illness accordingly, thus reducing the risk of referral infection and improving clinical prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32479858, "pmcid": "PMC7256520", "title": "Challenges and Lessons for Managing Glaucoma during COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from Asia.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Husain, Rahat", "Zhang, Xiulan", "Aung, Tin"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479858", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32185371, "pmcid": "PMC7075675", "title": "Coronavirus Pandemic and Worries during Pregnancy; a Letter to Editor.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Rashidi Fakari, Farzaneh", "Simbar, Masoumeh"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185371", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279450, "pmcid": "PMC7262130", "title": "Editorial: Facemasks and the Covid 19 pandemic: What advice should health professionals be giving the general public about the wearing of facemasks?", "journal": "Nurs Health Sci", "authors": ["Stone, Teresa E", "Kunaviktikul, Wipada", "Omura, Mieko", "Petrini, Marcia"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279450", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399449, "pmcid": "PMC7213837", "title": "Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism: Two Complications of COVID-19 Pneumonia?", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Poggiali, Erika", "Bastoni, Davide", "Ioannilli, Eva", "Vercelli, Andrea", "Magnacavallo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399449", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a worldwide infection which was recently declared a global health emergency by the WHO Emergency Committee. The most common symptoms are fever and cough, which can progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and/or end-organ failure. Risk factors associated with ARDS and death are older age, comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia), neutrophilia, and organ and coagulation dysfunction. Disseminated intravascular coagulation and coagulopathy can contribute to death. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe COVID-19 pneumonia. In this report we describe two patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who developed venous thromboembolism. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism can occur in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.Low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis does not decrease the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19 pneumonia.In the presence of clinical signs and/or suspicion of VTE, compression ultrasound and echocardiography should be always performed, irrespective of disease stage."}, {"pmid": 32243592, "pmcid": "PMC7228405", "title": "Positive externalities of an epidemic: The case of the coronavirus (COVID-19) in China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Okyere, Michael A", "Forson, Richmond", "Essel-Gaisey, Felix"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243592", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352575, "pmcid": "PMC7267316", "title": "Comment on \"The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chigr, Fatiha", "Merzouki, Mohamed", "Najimi, Mohamed"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352575", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have read with great care and interest the article by Li\u00a0et al The authors provide interesting elements with respect to the possible entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at the brain area and plead for an implication of the central nervous system\u00a0in respiratory problems linked to coronavirus disease. Here we provide additional elements that support those observations, notably the role of brainstem structures located in the medulla oblongata in modulating respiration. We also discussed the possible pathways the virus uses to cross the brain blood barrier and reach the brainstem."}, {"pmid": 32473931, "pmcid": "PMC7250778", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on individuals living with serious mental illness.", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Hamada, Kareem", "Fan, Xiaoduo"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473931", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339248, "title": "Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Borba, Mayla Gabriela Silva", "Val, Fernando Fonseca Almeida", "Sampaio, Vanderson Souza", "Alexandre, Marcia Almeida Araujo", "Melo, Gisely Cardoso", "Brito, Marcelo", "Mourao, Maria Paula Gomes", "Brito-Sousa, Jose Diego", "Baia-da-Silva, Djane", "Guerra, Marcus Vinitius Farias", "Hajjar, Ludhmila Abrahao", "Pinto, Rosemary Costa", "Balieiro, Antonio Alcirley Silva", "Pacheco, Antonio Guilherme Fonseca", "Santos, James Dean Oliveira Jr", "Naveca, Felipe Gomes", "Xavier, Mariana Simao", "Siqueira, Andre Machado", "Schwarzbold, Alexandre", "Croda, Julio", "Nogueira, Mauricio Lacerda", "Romero, Gustavo Adolfo Sierra", "Bassat, Quique", "Fontes, Cor Jesus", "Albuquerque, Bernardino Claudio", "Daniel-Ribeiro, Claudio-Tadeu", "Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo", "Lacerda, Marcus Vinicius Guimaraes"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339248", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is no specific antiviral therapy recommended for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In vitro studies indicate that the antiviral effect of chloroquine diphosphate (CQ) requires a high concentration of the drug. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 CQ dosages in patients with severe COVID-19. This parallel, double-masked, randomized, phase IIb clinical trial with 81 adult patients who were hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was conducted from March 23 to April 5, 2020, at a tertiary care facility in Manaus, Brazilian Amazon. Patients were allocated to receive high-dosage CQ (ie, 600 mg CQ twice daily for 10 days) or low-dosage CQ (ie, 450 mg twice daily on day 1 and once daily for 4 days). Primary outcome was reduction in lethality by at least 50% in the high-dosage group compared with the low-dosage group. Data presented here refer primarily to safety and lethality outcomes during treatment on day 13. Secondary end points included participant clinical status, laboratory examinations, and electrocardiogram results. Outcomes will be presented to day 28. Viral respiratory secretion RNA detection was performed on days 0 and 4. Out of a predefined sample size of 440 patients, 81 were enrolled (41 [50.6%] to high-dosage group and 40 [49.4%] to low-dosage group). Enrolled patients had a mean (SD) age of 51.1 (13.9) years, and most (60 [75.3%]) were men. Older age (mean [SD] age, 54.7 [13.7] years vs 47.4 [13.3] years) and more heart disease (5 of 28 [17.9%] vs 0) were seen in the high-dose group. Viral RNA was detected in 31 of 40 (77.5%) and 31 of 41 (75.6%) patients in the low-dosage and high-dosage groups, respectively. Lethality until day 13 was 39.0% in the high-dosage group (16 of 41) and 15.0% in the low-dosage group (6 of 40). The high-dosage group presented more instance of QTc interval greater than 500 milliseconds (7 of 37 [18.9%]) compared with the low-dosage group (4 of 36 [11.1%]). Respiratory secretion at day 4 was negative in only 6 of 27 patients (22.2%). The preliminary findings of this study suggest that the higher CQ dosage should not be recommended for critically ill patients with COVID-19 because of its potential safety hazards, especially when taken concurrently with azithromycin and oseltamivir. These findings cannot be extrapolated to patients with nonsevere COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04323527."}, {"pmid": 32360980, "pmcid": "PMC7191292", "title": "French ICUs fight back: An example of regional ICU organisation to tackle the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Terrasi, Benjamin", "Arnaud, Emilien", "Guilbart, Mathieu", "Besserve, Patricia", "Mahjoub, Yazine"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360980", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512350, "title": "High-flow tracheal oxygen in tracheostomised COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Crit Care", "authors": ["Epstein, Danny", "Miller, Asaf", "Ben-Avi, Ronny", "Matan, Moshe"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512350", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270884, "pmcid": "PMC7262198", "title": "Role of nonstructural proteins in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["da Silva, Severino Jefferson Ribeiro", "Alves da Silva, Caroline Targino", "Mendes, Renata Pessoa Germano", "Pena, Lindomar"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270884", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32019614, "pmcid": "PMC7026896", "title": "SARS to novel coronavirus - old lessons and new lessons.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["McCloskey, Brian", "Heymann, David L"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32019614", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The response to the novel coronavirus outbreak in China suggests that many of the lessons from the 2003 SARS epidemic have been implemented and the response improved as a consequence. Nevertheless some questions remain and not all lessons have been successful. The national and international response demonstrates the complex link between public health, science and politics when an outbreak threatens to impact on global economies and reputations. The unprecedented measures implemented in China are a bold attempt to control the outbreak - we need to understand their effectiveness to balance costs and benefits for similar events in the future."}, {"pmid": 32482138, "title": "Guidelines for Resident Participation in Otolaryngology Telehealth Clinics During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Plocienniczak, Michal J", "Noordzij, J Pieter", "Grillone, Gregory", "Platt, Michael", "Brook, Christopher"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482138", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The practice of otolaryngology has changed drastically since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. To limit exposure and maintain a reserve of caregivers, residency education ceased most clinical activities and shifted to remote lecture consortiums hosted online across the country in lieu of ambulatory and operative experiences. Many practicing university otolaryngologists have transitioned their clinics to telehealth medicine to maintain access to clinical care during the pandemic. The participation of residents in telemedicine visits has not been described. Here we present guidelines and experience-based suggestions for successful resident involvement in telemedicine. While it is unclear what role telehealth medicine may play within the field of otolaryngology beyond the pandemic, our experiences suggest better patient outreach and access. Expanding residents' skill set with telehealth medicine can enhance their education and better prepare them for future practice."}, {"pmid": 32385799, "pmcid": "PMC7207081", "title": "Cardiothoracic robotic assisted surgery in times of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Robot Surg", "authors": ["Van den Eynde, Jef", "De Groote, Senne", "Van Lerberghe, Robin", "Van den Eynde, Raf", "Oosterlinck, Wouter"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385799", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses an immense threat to healthcare systems worldwide. At a time when elective surgeries are being suspended and questions are being raised about how the remaining procedures on COVID-19 positive patients can be performed safely, it is important to consider the potential role of robotic assisted surgery within the current pandemic. Recently, several robotic assisted surgery societies have issued their recommendations. To date, however, no specific recommendations are available for cardiothoracic robotic assisted surgery in COVID-19 positive patients. Here, we discuss the potential risks, benefits, and preventive measures that need to be taken into account when considering robotic assisted surgery for cardiothoracic indications in patients with confirmed COVID-19. It is suggested that robotic assisted surgery might have various advantages such as early recovery after surgery, shorter hospital stay, and reduced loss of blood and fluids as well as smaller incisions. However, electrosurgical and ultrasonic devices, as well as CO2 insufflation should be managed with caution to prevent the risk of aerosolization of viral particles."}, {"pmid": 32412641, "pmcid": "PMC7239235", "title": "Unusual presentation of acute coronary syndrome in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Salido-Tahoces, Luisa", "Sanchez-Recalde, Angel", "Pardo-Sanz, Ana", "Zamorano Gomez, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412641", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307522, "pmcid": "PMC7188163", "title": "Assessing the impact of the covid-19 pandemic and accompanying mitigation efforts on older adults.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Cawthon, Peggy", "Orwoll, Eric", "Ensrud, Kristine", "Cauley, Jane A", "Kritchevsky, Stephen B", "Cummings, Steven R", "Newman, Anne"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307522", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399493, "pmcid": "PMC7204539", "title": "Optimizing the trauma resuscitation bay during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Trauma Surg Acute Care Open", "authors": ["Livingston, David Hugh", "Bonne, Stephanie", "Morello, Catherin", "Fox, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399493", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The covid-19 global pandemic due to the SARS-CoV2 (CoV2) virus has created the need to adapt hospital workspaces and staffing models, and trauma is no exception. While the optimal configuration of a trauma resuscitation area is debatable, the space needs to be large enough to accommodate the trauma team and ancillary staff. It also needs to have ready access to supplies and equipment to quickly and easily control hemorrhage, secure an airway and initiate fluid resuscitation. Lastly, stores of personal protective equipment in the form of fluid resistant gowns, head covering, face shield, and gloves (both sterile and non-sterile) should be readily available but under strict access. As CoV2 carriers increased in our population in New Jersey, we treated each incoming trauma patient as a potentially CoV2-positive case and sought to reconfigure out trauma resuscitation area to minimize exposure of our supplies to aerosolized virus."}, {"pmid": 32496430, "title": "Innovative Use of High-Fidelity Lung Simulators to Test a Ventilator Splitter Device.", "journal": "A A Pract", "authors": ["Boyer, Tanna J", "Mitchell, Sally A", "Cartwright, Johnny F", "Ahmed, Rami A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496430", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly exposed health care system inadequacies. Hospital ventilator shortages in Italy compelled US physicians to consider creative solutions, such as using Y-pieces or T-pieces, to preclude the need to make decisions of life or death based on medical equipment availability. We add to current knowledge and testing capacity for ventilator splitters by reporting the ability to examine the functionality of ventilator splitters by using 2 high-fidelity lung simulators. Data obtained by the high-fidelity lung simulators included: tidal volume, respiratory rate, minute ventilation, peak inspiratory pressure, peak plateau pressure, and positive end-expiratory pressure."}, {"pmid": 32472138, "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes in people living with HIV hospitalized for COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shalev, Noga", "Scherer, Matthew", "LaSota, Elijah D", "Antoniou, Pantelis", "Yin, Michael T", "Zucker, Jason", "Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472138", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the characteristics of 31 people living with HIV (PLWH) hospitalized for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. All patients were on antiretroviral therapy and virologically suppressed at the time of admission. Clinical course and outcomes were similar to those reported in other hospitalized cohorts."}, {"pmid": 32455089, "pmcid": "PMC7243063", "title": "A Review of Neurological Complications of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Sheraton, Mack", "Deo, Neha", "Kashyap, Rahul", "Surani, Salim"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455089", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2, a novel virus has shown an association with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. Initial retrospective studies emerging from China and France, as well as case reports from different parts of the world revealed a spectrum of neurological symptoms ranging from a simple headache to more serious encephalitis and\u00a0dysexecutive syndromes. Authors have tried to explain this neurotropism of the virus by comparing invasion mechanisms with prior epidemic coronavirus\u00a0like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).\u00a0Concrete evidence on those viruses has been limited. This review attempts to discuss various pathophysiological mechanisms as it relates to neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2. We will also discuss the\u00a0neurological manifestations seen in various retrospective studies, systemic reviews, and case reports."}, {"pmid": 32345579, "pmcid": "PMC7222577", "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes.", "journal": "BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care", "authors": ["Yan, Yongli", "Yang, Yan", "Wang, Fen", "Ren, Huihui", "Zhang, Shujun", "Shi, Xiaoli", "Yu, Xuefeng", "Dong, Kun"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345579", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study explores the clinical characteristics of patients with diabetes with severe covid-19, and the association of diabetes with survival duration in patients with severe covid-19. In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 193 patients with severe covid-19 were collected. 48 patients with severe covid-19 had diabetes, and 145 patients (ie, the controls) did not have diabetes. A severe case was defined as including at least one of the following criteria: (1) Respiratory rate >30/min. (2) Oxygen saturation \u226493%. (3) PaO2/FiO2\u2264300\u2009mm Hg. (4) Patients, either with shock or respiratory failure, requiring mechanical ventilation, or combined with other organ failure, requiring admission to intensive care unit (ICU). Of 193 patients with severe covid-19, 48 (24.9%) had diabetes. Compared with patients with severe covid-19 without diabetes, patients with diabetes were older, susceptible to receiving mechanical ventilation and admission to ICU, and had higher mortality. In addition, patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes had higher levels of leukocyte count, neutrophil count, high-sensitivity C reaction protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, interleukin (IL) 2 receptor, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, D-dimer, fibrinogen, lactic dehydrogenase and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Among patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes, more non-survivors were men (30 (76.9%) vs 9 (23.1%)). Non-survivors had severe inflammatory response, and cardiac, hepatic, renal and coagulation impairment. Finally, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed a trend towards poorer survival in patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes than patients without diabetes. The HR was 1.53 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.30; p=0.041) after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease by Cox regression. The median survival durations from hospital admission in patients with severe covid-19 with and without diabetes were 10 days and 18 days, respectively. The mortality rate in patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes is considerable. Diabetes may lead to an increase in the risk of death."}, {"pmid": 32267768, "title": "COVID-19 and emergency planning.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Winter, George"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267768", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249164, "pmcid": "PMC7128409", "title": "[Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Anales de Pediatria].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Rey Galan, Corsino", "Manrique de Lara, Laia Alsina", "Anton Gamero, Montserrat", "Cano Garcinuno, Alfredo", "Solis Sanchez, Gonzalo"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249164", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300516, "pmcid": "PMC7160052", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Biologic Therapy in Psoriasis: Infection Risk and Patient Counseling in Uncertain Times.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)", "authors": ["Brownstone, Nicholas D", "Thibodeaux, Quinn G", "Reddy, Vidhatha D", "Myers, Bridget A", "Chan, Stephanie Y", "Bhutani, Tina", "Liao, Wilson"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300516", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the emergence of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) viral pandemic, there is uncertainty whether biologic agents for psoriasis may place patients at a higher risk for infection or more severe disease course. This commentary offers patient counseling recommendations based on the current available evidence. While there are currently no specific data for psoriasis biologics and COVID-19, data are presented here from phase\u00a0III clinical trials of psoriasis biologics on rates of upper respiratory infection, influenza, and serious infection. Overall these data reveal that on the whole, psoriasis biologics do not show major increases in infection risk compared to placebo during the course of these trials. However, as the COVID-19 virus is a novel pathogen that is associated with mortality in a subset of patients, a cautious approach is warranted. We discuss factors that may alter the benefit-risk ratio of biologic use during this time of COVID-19 outbreak. Ultimately, treatment decisions should be made on the basis of dialogue between patient and provider, considering each patient's individualized situation. Once this pandemic has passed, it is only a matter of time before a new viral disease reignites the same issues discussed here."}, {"pmid": 32349175, "pmcid": "PMC7267379", "title": "Effectiveness of a 'fast lung ultrasound teaching program' for gynecologists/obstetricians dealing with pregnant women with suspicion of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Buonsenso, D", "Moro, F", "Inchingolo, R", "Smargiassi, A", "Demi, L", "Soldati, G", "Moroni, R", "Lanzone, A", "Scambia, G", "Testa, A C"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349175", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407459, "pmcid": "PMC7239203", "title": "Risk Factors of Severe Disease and Efficacy of Treatment in Patients Infected with COVID-19: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, John J Y", "Lee, Keng Siang", "Ang, Li Wei", "Leo, Yee Sin", "Young, Barnaby Edward"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407459", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread globally in the beginning of 2020. At present, predictors of severe disease and the efficacy of different treatments are not well-understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published studies up to March 15, 2020 which reported COVID-19 clinical features and/or treatment outcomes. 45 studies reporting 4203 patients were included. Pooled rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mortality and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were 10.9%, 4.3% and 18.4%, respectively. On meta-regression, ICU admission was predicted by raised leukocyte count (p<0.0001), raised alanine aminotransferase (p=0.024), raised aspartate transaminase (p=0.0040), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p<0.0001) and increased procalcitonin (p<0.0001). ARDS was predicted by elevated LDH (p<0.0001), while mortality was predicted by raised leukocyte count (p=0.0005) and elevated LDH (p<0.0001). Treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir showed no significant benefit in mortality and ARDS rates. Corticosteroids were associated with a higher rate of ARDS (p=0.0003)."}, {"pmid": 32332908, "title": "'Distancing is impossible': refugee camps race to avert coronavirus catastrophe.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Subbaraman, Nidhi"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332908", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430561, "pmcid": "PMC7235437", "title": "Anesthesia and protection in an emergency cesarean section for pregnant woman infected with a novel coronavirus: case report and literature review.", "journal": "J Anesth", "authors": ["Du, Yin", "Wang, Long", "Wu, Gang", "Lei, Xiaoming", "Li, Wei", "Lv, Jianrui"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430561", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia occurred worldwide since December 2019, which had been named COVID-19 subsequently. It is extremely transmissive that infection in pregnant women were unavoidable. The delivery process will produce large amount of contaminated media, leaving a challenge for medical personnel to ensure both the safety of the mother and infant and good self-protection. Only rare cases of pregnant women with COVID-19 are available for reference. Here, we report a 30-year-old woman had reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 at 36\u00a0weeks 2\u00a0days of gestation. Significant low and high variability of fetal heart rate baseline and severe variable decelerations were repeated after admission. An emergency cesarean section at 37\u00a0weeks 1\u00a0day of gestation under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia was performed with strict protection for all personnel. Anesthesia and operation went uneventfully. None of the participants were infected. We can conclude that when confronted with cesarean section in parturient with COVID-19, careful planning and detailed preparation can improve the safety of the mother and infant and reduce the risk of infection for medical staff to help preventing and controlling the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32241928, "title": "Vaccine designers take first shots at COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241928", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389373, "pmcid": "PMC7252054", "title": "Clinical characteristics and radiological features of children infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Lu, Y", "Wen, H", "Rong, D", "Zhou, Z", "Liu, H"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389373", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify and summarise the common findings from 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections in children. The clinical characteristics and radiological findings (chest radiography and chest computed tomography [CT]) of nine children infected with the 2019-nCoV were reviewed in this retrospective case series. Among the children, six had fever (including two children with cough), one had only cough, one had a stuffy nose when initially diagnosed, and one was an asymptomatic carrier. Chest radiographs seemed mostly normal in six cases whereas increased and/or disordered bilateral bronchovascular shadows and dense hilar shadows were seen in three cases. Chest CT exhibited no obvious abnormal signs in four cases. Typical CT findings included patchy, peripheral ground-grass opacities, subpleural lamellar dense shadows, and parenchymal bands. Pleural effusions, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, cavitation, and pleural thickening were absent. The clinical manifestations and radiological findings of the 2019-nCoV-infected children were mild and lacked a typical pattern."}, {"pmid": 32398026, "pmcid": "PMC7215129", "title": "Allo-priming as a universal anti-viral vaccine: protecting elderly from current COVID-19 and any future unknown viral outbreak.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Har-Noy, Michael", "Or, Reuven"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398026", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present the rationale for a novel allo-priming approach to serve the elderly as a universal anti-virus vaccine, as well serving to remodel the aging immune system in order to reverse immunosenescence and inflammaging. This approach has the potential to protect the most vulnerable from disease and provide society an incalculable economic benefit. Allo-priming healthy elderly adults is proposed to provide universal protection from progression of any type of viral infection, including protection against progression of the current outbreak of COVID-19 infection, and any future variants of the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus or the next 'Disease X'. Allo-priming is an alternative approach for the COVID-19 pandemic that provides a back-up in case vaccination strategies to elicit neutralizing antibody protection fails or fails to protect the vulnerable elderly population. The allo-priming is performed using activated, intentionally mismatched, ex vivo differentiated and expanded living Th1-like cells (AlloStim\u00ae) derived from healthy donors currently in clinical use as an experimental cancer\u00a0vaccine. Multiple intradermal injections of AlloStim\u00ae creates a dominate titer of allo-specific Th1/CTL memory cells in circulation, replacing the dominance of exhausted memory cells of the aged immune system. Upon viral encounter, by-stander activation of the allo-specific memory cells causes an immediate release of IFN-\u03d2, leading to development of an \"anti-viral state\", by-stander activation of innate cellular effector cells and activation of cross-reactive allo-specific CTL. In this manner, the non-specific activation of allo-specific Th1/CTL initiates a cascade of spatial and temporal immune events which act to limit the early viral titer. The release of endogenous heat shock proteins (HSP) and DAMP from lysed viral-infected cells, in the context of IFN-\u03d2, creates of conditions for in situ vaccination leading to viral-specific Th1/CTL immunity. These viral-specific Th1/CTL provide sterilizing immunity and memory for protection from disease recurrence, while increasing the pool of Th1/CTL in circulation capable of responding to the next viral encounter. Allo-priming has potential to provide universal protection from viral disease and is a strategy to reverse immunosenescence and counter-regulate chronic inflammation (inflammaging). Allo-priming can be used as an adjuvant for anti-viral vaccines and as a counter-measure for unknown biological threats and bio-economic terrorism."}, {"pmid": 32423296, "title": "Algorithm-Based Pediatric Otolaryngology Management During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic: A Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Consensus.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Chorney, Stephen R", "Elden, Lisa M", "Giordano, Terri", "Kazahaya, Ken", "Rizzi, Mark D", "Zur, Karen B", "Dedhia, Kavita"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423296", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires clinicians to explore alternatives to routine patient management. Otolaryngologists caring for children commonly depend on physical examination, laboratory data, and ambulatory surgical procedures. Limiting patient care, mindful allocation of resources, and concern for safety have challenged all aspects of our health care system. This evidence-based clinical consensus is designed to guide practitioners of pediatric otolaryngology for common scenarios during this time. Peer-reviewed literature, published reports, institutional guidelines, and expert consensus. A clinical consensus on 6 common scenarios in pediatric otolaryngology developed with evidence-based strategies. Providers should suspend all in-person nonessential office visits and elective surgical procedures. An emphasis on medical management and caregiver education will provide reasonable approaches to many of the common outpatient concerns. Surgery for chronic otitis media, obstructive sleep apnea, and acute rhinosinusitis should occur only in response to severe complications or failure of medical regimens. The approach to the pediatric neck mass focuses on timely management for oncologic etiologies and cautious surgical intervention for abscess drainage or tissue sampling. Finally, epistaxis and otorrhea must be triaged and addressed without the usual ambulatory procedures. Adaptation of practice patterns during this unprecedented moment for our health care system requires thoughtful planning. The strategies described allow for safe handling of common pediatric otolaryngology diagnoses. Ultimately, otolaryngologists must be stewards of our global health community while advocating for the care of individual pediatric patients."}, {"pmid": 32448034, "title": "Identification of phytochemical inhibitors against main protease of COVID-19 using molecular modeling approaches.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Kumar, Anuj", "Choudhir, Gourav", "Shukla, Sanjeev Kumar", "Sharma, Mansi", "Tyagi, Pankaj", "Bhushan, Arvind", "Rathore, Madhu"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448034", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel corona virus that causes corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 rapidly spread across the nations with high mortality rate even as very little is known to contain the virus at present. In the current study, we report novel natural metabolites namely, ursolic acid, carvacrol and oleanolic acid as the potential inhibitors against main protease (Mpro) of COVID-19 by using integrated molecular modeling approaches. From a combination of molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, we found three ligands bound to protease during 50\u2009ns of MD simulations. Furthermore, the molecular mechanic/generalized/Born/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/G/P/BSA) free energy calculations showed that these chemical molecules have stable and favourable energies causing strong binding with binding site of Mpro protein. All these three molecules, namely, ursolic acid, carvacrol and oleanolic acid, have passed the ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) property as well as Lipinski's rule of five. The study provides a basic foundation and suggests that the three phytochemicals, viz. ursolic acid, carvacrol and oleanolic acid could serve as potential inhibitors in regulating the Mpro protein's function and controlling viral replication. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32452454, "pmcid": "PMC7151265", "title": "COVID-19 in forensic medicine unit personnel: Observation from Thailand.", "journal": "J Forensic Leg Med", "authors": ["Sriwijitalai, Won", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452454", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420863, "title": "COVID-19 and animals: What do we know?", "journal": "Turk J Urol", "authors": ["Gonultas, Serkan", "Karabagli, Murat", "Bastug, Yavuz", "Cilesiz, Nusret Can", "Kadioglu, Ates"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420863", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses, which were generally considered harmless to humans before 2003, have appeared again with a pandemic threatening the world since December 2019 after the epidemics of SARS and MERS. It is known that transmission from person to person is the most important way to spread. However, due to the widespread host diversity, a detailed examination of the role of animals in this pandemic is essential to effectively fight against the outbreak. Although coronavirus infections in pets are known to be predominantly related to the gastrointestinal tract, it has been observed that there are human-to-animal transmissions in this outbreak and some animals have similar symptoms to humans. Although animal-to-animal transmission has been shown to be possible, there is no evidence of animal-to-human transmission."}, {"pmid": 32333938, "pmcid": "PMC7195293", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Obesity hypoventilation syndrome and severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Huang, Jiao-Feng", "Wang, Xiao-Bo", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Liu, Wen-Yue", "Chen, Jun-Jie", "George, Jacob", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333938", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407507, "title": "Genomic epidemiology, evolution, and transmission dynamics of porcine deltacoronavirus.", "journal": "Mol Biol Evol", "authors": ["He, Wan-Ting", "Ji, Xiang", "He, Wei", "Dellicour, Simon", "Wang, Shilei", "Li, Gairu", "Zhang, Letian", "Gilbert, Marius", "Zhu, Henan", "Xing, Gang", "Veit, Michael", "Huang, Zhen", "Han, Guan-Zhu", "Huang, Yaowei", "Suchard, Marc A", "Baele, Guy", "Lemey, Philippe", "Su, Shuo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407507", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS)-CoV-2 has shown once again that coronaviruses (CoVs) in animals are potential sources for epidemics in humans. Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogen of swine with a worldwide distribution. Here, we implemented and described an approach to analyze the epidemiology of PDCoV following its emergence in the pig population. We performed an integrated analysis of full genome sequence data from 21 newly-sequenced viruses, along with comprehensive epidemiological surveillance data collected globally over the last 15 years. We found four distinct phylogenetic lineages of PDCoV, which differ in their geographic circulation patterns. Interestingly, we identified more frequent intra- and inter-lineage recombination and higher virus genetic diversity in the Chinese lineages compared with the US lineage where pigs are raised in different farming systems and ecological environments. Most recombination breakpoints are located in the ORF1ab gene rather than in genes encoding structural proteins. We also identified five amino acids under positive selection in the spike protein suggesting a role for adaptive evolution. According to structural mapping, three positively selected sites are located in the N-terminal domain of the S1 subunit, which is the most likely involved in binding to a carbohydrate receptor, while the other two are located in or near the fusion peptide of the S2 subunit and thus might affect membrane fusion. Finally, our phylogeographic investigations highlighted notable South-North transmission as well as frequent long-distance dispersal events in China that could implicate human-mediated transmission. Our findings provide new insights into the evolution and dispersal of PDCoV that contribute to our understanding of the critical factors involved in coronaviruses emergence. Coronaviruses (CoVs) exhibit a pronounced propensity for interspecies transmission as illustrated by important emerging viruses in humans such as severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS)-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome virus (MERS)-CoV, as well as the recent SARS-CoV-2 that is causing a major human pandemic. A better understanding of the evolutionary process leading to viral emergence may help unravel the principles of cross-species transmission and therefore assist in preventing future introductions into new host populations. Here, we examined the evolution and spread of an emerging coronavirus that likely transmitted from birds to pigs and caused sustained epidemics in Asia and the United States. We integrated viral full genome sequence analysis and comprehensive surveillance data to examine the evolution of emerging porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and in particular the factors driving ongoing circulation and recent cases in China. We found evidence for adaptive evolution of this emerging virus in the absence of vaccine immune pressure, with important amino acids under positive selection, as well as frequent inter- and intra-lineage recombination events in the Asian lineages. Breeding patterns and ecological environment could play an important role in swine coronavirus evolution, leading to differences in recombination and population diversity. Using phylogeographic approaches, we further shed light on the dispersal history and dynamics of the China lineage of PDCoV. Our study provides a deeper understanding of the geographic dispersal of genetic lineages of PDCoV in China and suggests that southern China acted as a source of transmission. Modeling how the virus spread in China will allow the prioritization of areas for swine coronavirus surveillance in the future. These findings have important implications for preventing the emergence of coronaviruses in livestock and for controlling their spread in Asian countries."}, {"pmid": 32329591, "title": "Covid-19 and child disabilities: whom to protect and how.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Trabacca, Antonio", "Russo, Luigi"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329591", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388935, "title": "[Interim Guidelines for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 for Students Back to School].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388935", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530552, "title": "Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety among children with cystic fibrosis and their mothers.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Senkalfa, Burcu Pinar", "Eyuboglu, Tugba Sismanlar", "Aslan, Ayse Tana", "Gursoy, Tugba Ramasli", "Soysal, Azime Sebnem", "Yapar, Dilek", "Ilhan, Mustafa Necmi"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530552", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to evaluate anxiety among children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their mothers related to the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 45 patients with CF and their mothers were enrolled in the study together with 90 age-matched healthy children and their mothers as a control group. The State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was administered by teleconference with children aged 13-18 years old and their mothers. The STAI for children was administered with children aged 9-12 years. Results were compared with age-matched healthy children and their mothers. The relationship between anxiety scores of children with CF and their mothers was evaluated by comparing with clinical data of children with CF. At the conclusion of the teleconference, mothers were asked whether their anxiety had changed as a result of the interview. It was found that healthy children aged 13-18 years had higher state anxiety scores than age-matched children with CF. Mothers of children with CF had higher trait anxiety scores, especially those of children aged 0-12 years, than mothers of healthy children (p<0.05). For mothers of children with CF, state anxiety scores were higher among those whose children had chronic Pseudomonas infection (p<0.05). Most mothers of children with CF stated that their anxiety decreased following the interview. The COVID-19 pandemic may increase anxiety among mothers of children with CF as well those with healthy children. However, COVID-19 had no effect on the anxiety of children with CF. Informing parents of children with CF about COVID-19 by teleconference may decrease anxiety. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32489938, "pmcid": "PMC7242291", "title": "Radiological follow-up of twelve COVID-19 patients with initially normal chest CT.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Xu, Chuanjun", "Xu, Qiuzhen", "Du, Chao", "Li, Jinlong", "Hu, Zhiliang", "Yi, Yongxiang"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489938", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393526, "title": "A strategic approach to COVID-19 vaccine R&D.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Corey, Lawrence", "Mascola, John R", "Fauci, Anthony S", "Collins, Francis S"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393526", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303489, "title": "Covid-19: European officials warn that exiting lockdown will be \"very long\" and will require cooperation.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303489", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271368, "pmcid": "PMC7184372", "title": "Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for Covid-19 hospital admission.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lighter, Jennifer", "Phillips, Michael", "Hochman, Sarah", "Sterling, Stephanie", "Johnson, Diane", "Francois, Fritz", "Stachel, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271368", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391999, "title": "[Chloroquine as a possible treatment for COVID-19].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Coumou, Jeroen", "de Vries, Peter J"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391999", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of COVID-19, chloroquine has been mentioned as a possible treatment. In vitro studies have shown anti-viral activity of chloroquine against SARS-CoV-2. Recently, the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment published treatment options for antiviral treatment for COVID-19 where chloroquine was suggested as first choice for off-label treatment, beside remdesivir en lopinavir/ritonavir. In this commentary, we provide a background and history of chloroquine, the evidence for antiviral efficacy of chloroquine and the arguments for off-label use of chloroquine in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32405422, "pmcid": "PMC7213070", "title": "Review of safety and minimum pricing of nitazoxanide for potential treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Virus Erad", "authors": ["Pepperrell, Toby", "Pilkington, Victoria", "Owen, Andrew", "Wang, Junzheng", "Hill, Andrew M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405422", "countries": ["United States", "India", "Pakistan", "Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many treatments are being assessed for repurposing to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). One drug that has shown promising results in vitro is nitazoxanide. Unlike other postulated drugs, nitazoxanide shows a high ratio of maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), after 1 day of 500\u2009mg twice daily (BD), to the concentration required to inhibit 50% replication (EC50) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Cmax\u00a0:\u00a0EC50 roughly equal to 14:1). As such, it is important to investigate the safety of nitazoxanide for further trials. Furthermore, treatments for COVID-19 should be cheap to promote global access, but prices of many drugs are far higher than the costs of production. We aimed to conduct a review of the safety of nitazoxanide for any prior indication and calculate its minimum costs of production. A review of nitazoxanide clinical research was conducted using EMBASE and MEDLINE databases, supplemented by ClinicalTrials.gov. We searched for phase 2 or 3 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing nitazoxanide with placebo or active control for 5-14 days in participants experiencing acute infections of any kind. Data extracted were grade 1-4 and serious adverse events (AEs). Data were also extracted on gastrointestinal (GI) AEs, as well as hepatorenal and cardiovascular effects.Active pharmaceutical ingredient cost data from 2016 to 2019 were extracted from the Panjiva database and adjusted for 5% loss during production, costs of excipients, formulation, a 10% profit margin and tax. Two dosages, at 500\u2009mg BD and a higher dose of 1100\u2009mg three times daily (TDS), were considered. Our estimated costs were compared with publicly available list prices from a selection of countries. Nine RCTs of nitazoxanide were identified for inclusion. These RCTs accounted for 1514 participants and an estimated 95.3 person-years-of-follow-up. No significant differences were found in any of the AE endpoints assessed, across all trials or on subgroup analyses of active- or placebo-controlled trials. Mild GI AEs increased with dose. No hepatorenal or cardiovascular concerns were raised, but few appropriate metrics were reported. There were no teratogenic concerns, but the evidence base was very limited.Based on a weighted-mean cost of US $61/kg, a 14-day course of treatment with nitazoxanide 500\u2009mg BD would cost $1.41. The daily cost would therefore be $0.10. The same 14-day course could cost $3944 in US commercial pharmacies, and $3 per course in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. At a higher dose of 1100\u2009mg TDS, our estimated cost was $4.08 per 14-day course, equivalent to $0.29 per day. Nitazoxanide demonstrates a good safety profile at approved doses. However, further evidence is required regarding hepatorenal and cardiovascular effects, as well as teratogenicity. We estimate that it would be possible to manufacture nitazoxanide as generic for $1.41 for a 14-day treatment course at 500\u2009mg BD, up to $4.08 at 1100\u2009mg TDS. Further trials in COVID-19 patients should be initiated. If efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 is demonstrated in clinical studies, nitazoxanide may represent a safe and affordable treatment in the ongoing pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32380045, "pmcid": "PMC7196904", "title": "The COVID-19 response for vulnerable people in places affected by conflict and humanitarian crises.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Nott, David"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380045", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473029, "title": "Covido-pedago-phobia.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Prashanti, Eachempati", "Ramnarayan, Komattil"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473029", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Breathlessness, aches and pains, abdominal discomfort and hoarse voice! These may sound like the clinical presentation of COVID-19, but Nay! These are the symptoms experienced by the countless health professions education (HPE) teachers who have suddenly been thrust into the online world to engage learners."}, {"pmid": 32208485, "title": "COVID-19 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: What Is the Evidence?", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Patel, Ankit B", "Verma, Ashish"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208485", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302216, "title": "A Guide to Facial Trauma Triage and Precautions in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Hsieh, Tsung-Yen", "Dedhia, Raj D", "Chiao, Whitney", "Dresner, Harley", "Barta, Ruth J", "Lyford-Pike, Sofia", "Hamlar, David", "Stephan, Scott J", "Schubert, Warren", "Hilger, Peter A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an emerging viral illness that has rapidly transmitted throughout the world. Its impact on society and the health care system has compelled hospitals to quickly adapt and innovate as new information about the disease is uncovered. During this pandemic, essential medical and surgical services must be carried out while minimizing the risk of disease transmission to health care workers. There is an elevated risk of COVID-19 viral transmission to health care workers during surgical procedures of the head and neck due to potential aerosolization of viral particles from the oral cavity/naso-oropharynx mucosa. Thus, patients with facial fractures pose unique challenges to the variety of injuries and special considerations, including triaging injuries and protective measures against infection. The proximity to the oral cavity/naso-oropharyngeal mucosa, and potential for aerosolization of secretions containing viral particles during surgical procedures make most patients undergoing operative interventions for facial fractures high risk for COVID-19 transmission. Our proposed algorithm aims to balance patient care with patient/medical personnel protection as well as judicious health care utilization. It stratifies facial trauma procedures by urgency and assigns a recommended level of personal protective equipment, extreme or enhanced, incorporating current best practices and existing data on viral transmission. As this pandemic continues to evolve and more information is obtained, the protocol can be further refined and individualized to each institution."}, {"pmid": 32277490, "pmcid": "PMC7262344", "title": "SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) infection: is fetal surgery in times of national disasters reasonable?", "journal": "Prenat Diagn", "authors": ["Deprest, Jan", "Van Ranst, Marc", "Lannoo, Lore", "Bredaki, Emma", "Ryan, Greg", "David, Anna", "Richter, Jute", "Van Mieghem, Tim"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Even though the global COVID-19 pandemic may affect how medical care is delivered in general, most countries try to maintain steady access for women to routine pregnancy care, including fetal anomaly screening. This means that, also during this pandemic, fetal anomalies will be detected, and that discussions regarding invasive genetic testing and possibly fetal therapy will need to take place. For patients, concerns about Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus 2 will add to the anxiety caused by the diagnosis of a serious fetal anomaly. Yet, also for fetal medicine teams the situation gets more complex as they must weigh up the risks and benefits to the fetus as well as the mother, while managing a changing evidence base and logistic challenges in their healthcare system."}, {"pmid": 32264908, "pmcid": "PMC7136995", "title": "First statement on preparation for the COVID-19 pandemic in large German Speaking University-based radiation oncology departments.", "journal": "Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Combs, Stephanie E", "Belka, Claus", "Niyazi, Maximilian", "Corradini, Stefanie", "Pigorsch, Steffi", "Wilkens, Jan", "Grosu, Anca L", "Guckenberger, Matthias", "Ganswindt, Ute", "Bernhardt, Denise"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264908", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is challenging modern radiation oncology. At University Hospitals, we have a mandate to offer high-end treatments to all cancer patients. However, in times of crisis we must learn to prioritize resources, especially personnel. Compromising oncological outcome will blur all statistics, therefore all measures must be taken with great caution. Communication with our neighboring countries, within societies and between departments can help meet the challenge. Here, we report on our learning system and preparation measures to effectively tackle the COVID-19 challenge in University-Based Radiation Oncology Departments."}, {"pmid": 32428243, "title": "Acute promyelocytic leukaemia lying under the mask of COVID-19-a diagnostic and therapeutic conundrum.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Farmer, Isabel", "Okikiolu, Jumoke", "Steel, Matthew", "Wanniarachchi, Chandima", "Littlewood, Shona", "Gupta, Sunil", "Thanigaikumar, Muragaiyan", "Oram, S Helen", "Moonim, Mufaddal", "Kulasekararaj, Austin G", "Yeghen, Tullie"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428243", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221526, "pmcid": "PMC7184492", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak and inflammatory bowel disease management: a questionnaire survey from realistic practice.", "journal": "J Crohns Colitis", "authors": ["Bai, Xiaoyin", "Yang, Hong", "Qian, Jiaming"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221526", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334090, "pmcid": "PMC7175892", "title": "The vulnerability of low-and middle-income countries facing the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Haiti.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cenat, Jude Mary"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334090", "countries": ["Haiti"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372664, "pmcid": "PMC7218351", "title": "Mexico: Lessons learned from the 2009 pandemic that help us fight COVID-19.", "journal": "Healthc Manage Forum", "authors": ["Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio", "Alpuche-Aranda, Celia M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372664", "countries": ["United States", "Mexico", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In April 2009, Mexican, American, and Canadian authorities announced a novel influenza that became the first pandemic of the century. We report on lessons learned in Mexico. The Mexican Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Plan, developed and implemented since 2005, was a decisive element for the early response. Major lessons-learned were the need for flexible plans that consider different scenarios; the need to continuously strengthen routine surveillance programs and laboratory capacity and strengthen coordination between epidemiological departments, clinicians, and laboratories; maintain strategic stockpiles; establish a fund for public health emergencies; and collaboration among neighboring countries. Mexico responded with immediate reporting and transparency, implemented aggressive control measures and generous sharing of data and samples. Lessons learned induced changes leading to a better response to public health critical events."}, {"pmid": 32513566, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Costela-Ruiz, Victor J", "Illescas-Montes, Rebeca", "Puerta-Puerta, Jose M", "Ruiz, Concepcion", "Melguizo-Rodriguez, Lucia"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513566", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 disease, caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, is related to a series of physiopathological mechanisms that mobilize a wide variety of biomolecules, mainly immunological in nature. In the most severe cases, the prognosis can be markedly worsened by the hyperproduction of mainly proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-\u03b3, and TNF-\u03b1, preferentially targeting lung tissue. This study reviews published data on alterations in the expression of different cytokines in patients with COVID-19 who require admission to an intensive care unit. Data on the implication of cytokines in this disease and their effect on outcomes will support the design of more effective approaches to the management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32534432, "title": "Pitfalls in telemedicine consultations in the era of COVID 19 and how to avoid them.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Iyengar, Karthikeyan", "Jain, Vijay K", "Vaishya, Raju"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With restrictions on face to face clinical consultations in the COVID-19 pandemic, Telemedicine has become an essential tool in providing continuity of care to patients. We explore the common pitfalls in remote consultations and strategies that can be adopted to avoid them. We have done a comprehensive review of the literature using suitable keywords on the search engines of PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Research Gate in the first week of May 2020 including 'COVID-19', 'telemedicine' and 'remote consultations'. Telemedicine has become an integral part to support patient's clinical care in the current COVID-19 pandemic now and will be in the future for both primary and secondary care. Common pitfalls can be identified and steps can be taken to prevent them. Telemedicine it is going to play a key role in future of health medicine, however, telemedicine technology should be applied in appropriate settings and situations. Suitable training, enhanced documentations, communication and observing information governance guidelines will go a long way in avoiding pitfalls associated with remote consultations."}, {"pmid": 32357952, "title": "Covid-19: doctors must take control of their wellbeing.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Simons, Gemma", "Baldwin, David S"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357952", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316751, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: reassembly attack of coronavirus.", "journal": "Int J Environ Health Res", "authors": ["Yang, Chenglei", "Qiu, Xue", "Fan, Haoran", "Jiang, Mei", "Lao, Xiaojie", "Zeng, Yukeng", "Zhang, Zhiming"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316751", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There have been three major global outbreaks of acute respiratory disease caused by coronavirus in the last two decades. The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) first emerged in Wuhan, China, is the most dangerous, which spread to 163 countries and 6 continents and caused a major public health emergency worldwide. The outbreak is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2\u00a0(SARS-CoV-2) originated from bats, which spreads rapidly from human to human. As of 17 March 2020, there have been 179,112 confirmed cases and 7426 deaths worldwide, with a mortality rate of 4.1%. There is currently no effective treatment or approved vaccine, so isolating the source of infection and blocking the routes of transmission is important. In this article, we summarized the worldwide epidemic trend of COVID-19 and discussed its epidemiological characteristics, prevention and control measures. We hope this article could provide experience and help for global epidemic prevention and control."}, {"pmid": 32502733, "pmcid": "PMC7266584", "title": "Exploring the genomic and proteomic variations of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein: A computational biology approach.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Lokman, Syed Mohammad", "Rasheduzzaman, M D", "Salauddin, Asma", "Barua, Rocktim", "Tanzina, Afsana Yeasmin", "Rumi, Meheadi Hasan", "Hossain, M D Imran", "Siddiki, A M A M Zonaed", "Mannan, Adnan", "Hasan, M D Mahbub"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502733", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The newly identified SARS-CoV-2 has now been reported from around 185 countries with more than a million confirmed human cases including more than 120,000 deaths. The genomes of SARS-COV-2 strains isolated from different parts of the world are now available and the unique features of constituent genes and proteins need to be explored to understand the biology of the virus. Spike glycoprotein is one of the major targets to be explored because of its role during the entry of coronaviruses into host cells. We analyzed 320 whole-genome sequences and 320 spike protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2 using multiple sequence alignment. In this study, 483 unique variations have been identified among the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 including 25 nonsynonymous mutations and one deletion in the spike (S) protein. Among the 26 variations detected in S, 12 variations were located at the N-terminal domain (NTD) and 6 variations at the receptor-binding domain (RBD) which might alter the interaction of S protein with the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Besides, 22 amino acid insertions were identified in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with that of SARS-CoV. Phylogenetic analyses of spike protein revealed that Bat coronavirus have a close evolutionary relationship with circulating SARS-CoV-2. The genetic variation analysis data presented in this study can help a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Based on results reported herein, potential inhibitors against S protein can be designed by considering these variations and their impact on protein structure."}, {"pmid": 32255713, "title": "Maxillofacial Trauma Management During COVID-19: Multidisciplinary Recommendations.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Edwards, Sean P", "Kasten, Steve", "Nelson, Christine", "Elner, Vic", "McKean, Erin"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255713", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310318, "pmcid": "PMC7264564", "title": "Our education, our concerns: The impact on medical student education of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Theoret, Cara", "Ming, Xue"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310318", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395708, "pmcid": "PMC7211576", "title": "COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities in the care sector.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Cecula, Paulina", "Behan, Sir David", "Maruthappu, Dr Mahiben"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395708", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483014, "title": "MCAT Testing During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Michalec, Barret"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483014", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497212, "title": "The natural history and transmission potential of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh", "Thanh Lam, Vo", "Thanh Dung, Nguyen", "Yen, Lam Minh", "Minh, Ngo Ngoc Quang", "Hung, Le Manh", "Ngoc, Nghiem My", "Dung, Nguyen Tri", "Man, Dinh Nguyen Huy", "Nguyet, Lam Anh", "Nhat, Le Thanh Hoang", "Nhu, Le Nguyen Truc", "Ny, Nguyen Thi Han", "Hong, Nguyen Thi Thu", "Kestelyn, Evelyne", "Dung, Nguyen Thi Phuong", "Xuan, Tran Chanh", "Hien, Tran Tinh", "Thanh Phong, Nguyen", "Tu, Tran Nguyen Hoang", "Geskus, Ronald B", "Thanh, Tran Tan", "Thanh Truong, Nguyen", "Binh, Nguyen Tan", "Thuong, Tang Chi", "Thwaites, Guy", "Tan, Le Van"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497212", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is known about the natural history of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection or its contribution to infection transmission. We conducted a prospective study at a quarantine center for COVID-19 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. We enrolled quarantined people with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, collecting clinical data, travel and contact history, and saliva at enrolment and daily nasopharyngeal throat swabs (NTS) for RT-PCR testing. We compared the natural history and transmission potential of asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. Between March 10th and April 4th, 2020, 14,000 quarantined people were tested for SARS-CoV-2; 49 were positive. Of these, 30 participated in the study: 13(43%) never had symptoms and 17(57%) were symptomatic. 17(57%) participants acquired their infection outside Vietnam. Compared with symptomatic individuals, asymptomatic people were less likely to have detectable SARS-CoV-2 in NTS samples collected at enrolment (8/13 (62%) vs. 17/17 (100%) P=0.02). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 20/27 (74%) available saliva; 7/11 (64%) in the asymptomatic and 13/16 (81%) in the symptomatic group (P=0.56). Analysis of the probability of RT-PCR positivity showed asymptomatic participants had faster viral clearance than symptomatic participants (P<0.001 for difference over first 19 days). This difference was most pronounced during the first week of follow-up. Two of the asymptomatic individuals appeared to transmit the infection to up to four contacts. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is common and can be detected by analysis of saliva or NTS. NTS viral loads fall faster in asymptomatic individuals, but they appear able to transmit the virus to others."}, {"pmid": 32312163, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Management of Head and Neck Malignancies.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Werner, Michael T", "Carey, Ryan M", "Albergotti, W Greer", "Lukens, John N", "Brody, Robert M"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312163", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the management of head and neck cancer must be addressed. Immediate measures to reduce transmission rates and protect patients and providers take priority and necessitate some delays in care, particularly for patients with mild symptoms or less aggressive cancers. However, strict guidelines have yet to be developed, and many unintentional delays in care are to be expected based on the magnitude of the looming public health crisis. The medical complexity of head and neck cancer management may lead to prolonged delays that worsen treatment outcomes. Therefore, those caring for patients with head and neck cancer must take action to reduce these negative impacts as the country rallies to overcome the challenges posed by this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32436075, "pmcid": "PMC7238400", "title": "Microvascular alterations in patients with SARS-COV-2 severe pneumonia.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Damiani, Elisa", "Carsetti, Andrea", "Casarotta, Erika", "Scorcella, Claudia", "Domizi, Roberta", "Adrario, Erica", "Donati, Abele"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436075", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529284, "pmcid": "PMC7288620", "title": "Recurrence of immune thrombocytopenia at the time of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Merli, Michele", "Ageno, Walter", "Sessa, Fausto", "Salvini, Marco", "Caramazza, Domenica", "Mora, Barbara", "Rossi, Agostino", "Rovelli, Cristina", "Passamonti, Francesco", "Grossi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529284", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349133, "title": "Hypercoagulation and Antithrombotic Treatment in Coronavirus 2019: A New Challenge.", "journal": "Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Violi, Francesco", "Pastori, Daniele", "Cangemi, Roberto", "Pignatelli, Pasquale", "Loffredo, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349133", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is clinically characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for a high number of patients needing mechanical ventilation or intensive care units treatment and for the elevated mortality risk. A link between COVID-19 and multiorgan failure may be dependent on the fact that most COVID-19 patients are complicated by pneumonia, which is known to be associated with early changes of clotting and platelet activation and artery dysfunction; these changes may implicate in thrombotic-related events such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Recent data showed that myocardial injury compatible with coronary ischemia may be detectable in SARS-CoV-2 patients and laboratory data exploring clotting system suggest the presence of a hypercoagulation state. Thus, we performed a systematic review of COVID-19 literature reporting measures of clotting activation to assess if changes are detectable in this setting and their relationship with clinical severity. Furthermore, we discussed the biologic plausibility of the thrombotic risk in SARS-CoV-2 and the potential use of an antithrombotic treatment."}, {"pmid": 32461287, "title": "Comparison of two commercial molecular tests and a laboratory-developed modification of the CDC 2019-nCoV RT-PCR assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Moore, Nicholas M", "Li, Haiying", "Schejbal, Debra", "Lindsley, Jennifer", "Hayden, Mary K"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461287", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We compared the ability of 2 commercial molecular amplification assays [RealTime SARS-CoV-2 on the m2000 (Abbott) (abbreviated ACOV) and ID NOW\u2122 COVID-19 (Abbott) (abbreviated IDNOW)] and a laboratory-developed test [modified CDC 2019-nCoV RT-PCR assay with RNA extraction by eMag\u00ae (bioM\u00e9rieux) and amplification on QuantStudio\u2122 6 or ABI 7500 Real-Time PCR System (Life Technologies) (abbreviated CDC COV)] to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in upper respiratory tract specimens. Discrepant results were adjudicated by medical record review. 200 nasopharyngeal swab specimens in viral transport medium (VTM) were collected from symptomatic patients between March 27 and April 9, 2020. Results were concordant for 167 specimens (83.5% overall agreement), including 94 positive and 73 negative specimens. The ACOV assay yielded 33 additional positive results, 25 of which were also positive by the CDC COV assay but not by the IDNOW assay. In a follow-up evaluation, 97 patients for whom a dry nasal swab specimen yielded negative results by IDNOW had a paired nasopharyngeal swab specimen collected in VTM and tested by the ACOV assay; SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 13 (13.4%) of these specimens. Medical record review deemed all discrepant results to be true positives. The IDNOW test was the easiest to perform and provided a result in the shortest time, but detected fewer cases of COVID-19. The ACOV assay detected more cases of COVID-19 than CDC COV or IDNOW assays."}, {"pmid": 32368607, "pmcid": "PMC7196903", "title": "The Response of Women's Dermatologic Society and the International Journal of Women's Dermatology to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Womens Dermatol", "authors": ["Murase, Jenny E", "Murrell, Dedee F"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32078596, "title": "COVID-19: another infectious disease emerging at the animal-human interface.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Murdoch, David R", "French, Nigel P"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32078596", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363243, "pmcid": "PMC7194647", "title": "Palliative Radiotherapy for Oncologic Emergencies in the setting of COVID-19: Approaches to Balancing Risks and Benefits.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Yerramilli, Divya", "Xu, Amy J", "Gillespie, Erin F", "Shepherd, Annemarie F", "Beal, Kathryn", "Gomez, Daniel", "Yamada, Josh", "Tsai, C Jillian", "Yang, T Jonathan"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363243", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32290293, "pmcid": "PMC7177898", "title": "A Review of SARS-CoV-2 and the Ongoing Clinical Trials.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Tu, Yung-Fang", "Chien, Chian-Shiu", "Yarmishyn, Aliaksandr A", "Lin, Yi-Ying", "Luo, Yung-Hung", "Lin, Yi-Tsung", "Lai, Wei-Yi", "Yang, De-Ming", "Chou, Shih-Jie", "Yang, Yi-Ping", "Wang, Mong-Lien", "Chiou, Shih-Hwa"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290293", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The sudden outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, later named SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, which rapidly grew into a global pandemic, marked the third introduction of a virulent coronavirus into the human society, affecting not only the healthcare system, but also the global economy. Although our understanding of coronaviruses has undergone a huge leap after two precedents, the effective approaches to treatment and epidemiological control are still lacking. In this article, we present a succinct overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, and molecular characteristics of SARS-CoV-2. We summarize the current epidemiological and clinical data from the initial Wuhan studies, and emphasize several features of SARS-CoV-2, which differentiate it from SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), such as high variability of disease presentation. We systematize the current clinical trials that have been rapidly initiated after the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. Whereas the trials on SARS-CoV-2 genome-based specific vaccines and therapeutic antibodies are currently being tested, this solution is more long-term, as they require thorough testing of their safety. On the other hand, the repurposing of the existing therapeutic agents previously designed for other virus infections and pathologies happens to be the only practical approach as a rapid response measure to the emergent pandemic, as most of these agents have already been tested for their safety. These agents can be divided into two broad categories, those that can directly target the virus replication cycle, and those based on immunotherapy approaches either aimed to boost innate antiviral immune responses or alleviate damage induced by dysregulated inflammatory responses. The initial clinical studies revealed the promising therapeutic potential of several of such drugs, including favipiravir, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that interferes with the viral replication, and hydroxychloroquine, the repurposed antimalarial drug that interferes with the virus endosomal entry pathway. We speculate that the current pandemic emergency will be a trigger for more systematic drug repurposing design approaches based on big data analysis."}, {"pmid": 32455485, "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak in dermatologic surgery: resetting clinical priorities.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Rossi, Elena", "Trakatelli, Myrto", "Giacomelli, Luca", "Ferrari, Barbara", "Francomano, Mariangela", "Pellacani, Giovanni", "Magnoni, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455485", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emilia-Romagna was one of the Italian regions mostly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures were taken to slow the COVID-19 outbreak. All routine activities in Modena hospitals were suspended; however, urgent procedures were still to be performed. Setting the priority of procedures in oncological dermatology in the COVID-19 era is challenging."}, {"pmid": 32528760, "pmcid": "PMC7282369", "title": "Cardiac Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Comprehensive Review.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Tahir, Faryal", "Bin Arif, Taha", "Ahmed, Jawad", "Malik, Farheen", "Khalid, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528760", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its origin in China, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become a pandemic and spread to 209 countries. As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a very rapidly emerging disease, organ-specific studies related to it have been reported. Apart from respiratory findings, some studies have highlighted inflammatory consequences in the heart, kidney, and/or liver as well. Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 seems to be a result of an inflammatory storm in response to the infection. Moreover, direct viral invasion of cardiomyocytes, as well as a myocardial injury due to oxidative stress, may account for acute cardiac injury in COVID-19. Nevertheless, the mechanism of heart injury in COVID-19 is not clear yet. However, multiple studies\u00a0that highlight the\u00a0clinical features, laboratory findings, and prognosis of acute myocardial injury (AMI) in COVID-19-affected individuals have been published. In this review, we have summarized the findings of all those studies as well as the clinical features and management of cardiac injury discussed by some case reports."}, {"pmid": 32272550, "pmcid": "PMC7232148", "title": "Antiviral Agents: Discovery to Resistance.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Adamson, Catherine S"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272550", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of the SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 outbreak the need for research into, and development of, antiviral agents is brought into sharp focus worldwide for scientists, governments and the public alike [...]."}, {"pmid": 32427642, "pmcid": "PMC7255392", "title": "Getting to a New Normal: Mandating That Patients Wear Masks as Hospitals Fully Reopen during the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Liu, Renyu", "Fleisher, Lee A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427642", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493791, "title": "COVID-19 diagnostics in context.", "journal": "Sci Transl Med", "authors": ["Weissleder, Ralph", "Lee, Hakho", "Ko, Jina", "Pittet, Mikael J"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493791", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for different types of diagnostics, comparative validation of new tests, faster approval by federal agencies, and rapid production of test kits to meet global demands. In this Perspective, we discuss the utility and challenges of current diagnostics for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32369204, "title": "Hepatic involvement in COVID-19 patients: Pathology, pathogenesis, and clinical implications.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Yueying", "Xiao, Shu-Yuan"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369204", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it has been observed that hepatic injury occurs in a significant proportion of patients, particularly in those with severe or critical illness. Mild increase in sinusoidal lymphocytic infiltration, sinusoidal dilatation, steatosis and multifocal hepatic necrosis are the pathologic changes reported. Direct viral-induced cellular injuries and potential hepatotoxicity from therapeutic drugs are two likely underlying mechanisms. In addition, the pre-existing chronic liver disease exacerbated during COVID-19, and COVID-19-related hyperinflammatory reactions may contribute to liver injury as well. Further studies of additional autopsy cases will help clarifying these possibilities."}, {"pmid": 32342040, "pmcid": "PMC7183947", "title": "Covid-19 and perioperative mortality; where do we stand?", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Shakiba, Behnam", "Irani, Shirin"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342040", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483554, "pmcid": "PMC7202249", "title": "Remdesivir: A Review of Its Discovery and Development Leading to Emergency Use Authorization for Treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "ACS Cent Sci", "authors": ["Eastman, Richard T", "Roth, Jacob S", "Brimacombe, Kyle R", "Simeonov, Anton", "Shen, Min", "Patnaik, Samarjit", "Hall, Matthew D"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483554", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, the causative viral pathogen of COVID-19, has driven the biomedical community to action-to uncover and develop antiviral interventions. One potential therapeutic approach currently being evaluated in numerous clinical trials is the agent remdesivir, which has endured a long and winding developmental path. Remdesivir is a nucleotide analogue prodrug that perturbs viral replication, originally evaluated in clinical trials to thwart the Ebola outbreak in 2014. Subsequent evaluation by numerous virology laboratories demonstrated the ability of remdesivir to inhibit coronavirus replication, including SARS-CoV-2. Here, we provide an overview of remdesivir's discovery, mechanism of action, and the current studies exploring its clinical effectiveness."}, {"pmid": 32373061, "pmcid": "PMC7186326", "title": "Triage of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Confirmed COVID-19: Large Vessel Occlusion Associated With Coronavirus Infection.", "journal": "Front Neurol", "authors": ["Moshayedi, Pouria", "Ryan, Timothy E", "Mejia, Lucido Luciano Ponce", "Nour, May", "Liebeskind, David S"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373061", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has posed a significant challenge to global healthcare. Acute stroke care requires rapid bedside attendance, imaging, and intervention. However, for acute stroke patients who have a diagnosis of or are under investigation for COVID-19, the concern for nosocomial transmission moderates operational procedures for acute stroke care. We present our experience with an in-hospital stroke code called on a COVID-19-positive patient with a left middle cerebral artery syndrome and the challenges faced for timely examination, imaging, and decision to intervene. The outlook for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic necessitates the development of protocols to sustain timely and effective acute stroke care while mitigating healthcare-associated transmission."}, {"pmid": 32315025, "pmcid": "PMC7188185", "title": "After the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Next Wave of Health Challenges for Older Adults.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Schrack, Jennifer A", "Wanigatunga, Amal A", "Juraschek, Stephen P"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245701, "pmcid": "PMC7138187", "title": "Is traditional Chinese medicine useful in the treatment of COVID-19?", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Kai"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245701", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470948, "title": "Why does COVID-19 disproportionately affect older people?", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Mueller, Amber L", "McNamara, Maeve S", "Sinclair, David A"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470948", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severity and outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) largely depends on a patient's age. Adults over 65 years of age represent 80% of hospitalizations and have a 23-fold greater risk of death than those under 65. In the clinic, COVID-19 patients most commonly present with fever, cough and dyspnea, and from there the disease can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, lung consolidation, cytokine release syndrome, endotheliitis, coagulopathy, multiple organ failure and death. Comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity increase the chances of fatal disease, but they alone do not explain why age is an independent risk factor. Here, we present the molecular differences between young, middle-aged and older people that may explain why COVID-19 is a mild illness in some but life-threatening in others. We also discuss several biological age clocks that could be used in conjunction with genetic tests to identify both the mechanisms of the disease and individuals most at risk. Finally, based on these mechanisms, we discuss treatments that could increase the survival of older people, not simply by inhibiting the virus, but by restoring patients' ability to clear the infection and effectively regulate immune responses."}, {"pmid": 32513520, "title": "COVID-19: A Call for Action, Collaboration, Reason, and Unity.", "journal": "Eur Urol Focus", "authors": ["Gaisa, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513520", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497811, "pmcid": "PMC7264936", "title": "Iron: Innocent bystander or vicious culprit in COVID-19 pathogenesis?", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Edeas, Marvin", "Saleh, Jumana", "Peyssonnaux, Carole"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497811", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is viciously spreading through the continents with rapidly increasing mortality rates. Current management of COVID-19 is based on that respiratory failure is the leading cause of mortality. However, mounting evidence link accelerated pathogenesis in gravely ill COVID-19 patients to a hyper-inflammatory state involving a cytokine storm. Several components of the heightened inflammatory state were addressed as therapeutic targets. Another key component of the heightened inflammatory state is hyper-ferritinemia which reportedly identifies patients with increased mortality risk. In spite of its strong association with mortality, it is not yet clear if hyper-ferritinemia in COVID-19 patients is merely a systemic marker of disease progression, or a key modulator in disease pathogenesis. Here we address implications of a possible role for hyper-ferritinemia, and altered iron homeostasis in COVID-19 pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic targets in this regard."}, {"pmid": 32283140, "pmcid": "PMC7194903", "title": "Re: Profile of specific antibodies to SARS-CoV-2: The first report.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zeng, Zhikun", "Chen, Liangjun", "Pan, Yunbao", "Deng, Qiaoling", "Ye, Guangming", "Li, Yirong", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283140", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237287, "pmcid": "PMC7169622", "title": "COVID-19 Testing in South Korea: Current Status and the Need for Faster Diagnostics.", "journal": "Ann Lab Med", "authors": ["Kim, Young Jin", "Sung, Heungsup", "Ki, Chang-Seok", "Hur, Mina"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237287", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490827, "title": "Alternative strategies for CT unit management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a single center experience.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Savas, Recep"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490827", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443020, "pmcid": "PMC7273950", "title": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 and Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Global Experience and Provisional Guidance (March 2020) from the Paediatric IBD Porto Group of European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Turner, Dan", "Huang, Ying", "Martin-de-Carpi, Javier", "Aloi, Marina", "Focht, Gili", "Kang, Ben", "Zhou, Ying", "Sanchez, Cesar", "Kappelman, Michael D", "Uhlig, Holm H", "Pujol-Muncunill, Gemma", "Ledder, Oren", "Lionetti, Paolo", "Dias, Jorge Amil", "Ruemmele, Frank M", "Russell, Richard K"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443020", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, concerns have been raised about the risk to children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We aimed to collate global experience and provide provisional guidance for managing paediatric IBD (PIBD) in the era of COVID-19. An electronic reporting system of children with IBD infected with SARS-CoV-2 has been circulated among 102 PIBD centres affiliated with the Porto and Interest-group of ESPGHAN. A survey has been completed by major PIBD centres in China and South-Korea to explore management during the pandemic. A third survey collected current practice of PIBD treatment. Finally, guidance points for practice have been formulated and voted upon by 37 PIBD authors and Porto group members. Eight PIBD children had COVID-19 globally, all with mild infection without needing hospitalization despite treatment with immunomodulators and/or biologics. No cases have been reported in China and South Korea but biologic treatment has been delayed in 79 children, of whom 17 (22%) had exacerbation of their IBD. Among the Porto group members, face-to-face appointments were often replaced by remote consultations but almost all did not change current IBD treatment. Ten guidance points for clinicians caring for PIBD patients in epidemic areas have been endorsed with consensus rate of 92% to 100%. Preliminary data for PIBD patients during COVID-19 outbreak are reassuring. Standard IBD treatments including biologics should continue at present through the pandemic, especially in children who generally have more severe IBD course on one hand, and milder SARS-CoV-2 infection on the other."}, {"pmid": 32476163, "title": "Eating and exercise behaviors in eating disorders and the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: Initial results from the COLLATE project.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Phillipou, Andrea", "Meyer, Denny", "Neill, Erica", "Tan, Eric J", "Toh, Wei Lin", "Van Rheenen, Tamsyn E", "Rossell, Susan L"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476163", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging evidence suggests that the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic may be negatively impacting mental health. The impact on eating and exercise behaviors is, however, currently unknown. This study aimed to identify changes in eating and exercise behaviors in an Australian sample among individuals with an eating disorder, and the general population, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. A total of 5,469 participants, 180 of whom self-reported an eating disorder history, completed questions relating to changes in eating and exercise behaviors since the emergence of the pandemic, as part of the COLLATE (COvid-19 and you: mentaL heaLth in AusTralia now survEy) project; a national survey launched in Australia on April 1, 2020. In the eating disorders group, increased restricting, binge eating, purging, and exercise behaviors were found. In the general population, both increased restricting and binge eating behaviors were reported; however, respondents reported less exercise relative to before the pandemic. The findings have important implications for providing greater monitoring and support for eating disorder patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the mental and physical health impacts of changed eating and exercise behaviors in the general population need to be acknowledged and monitored for potential long-term consequences."}, {"pmid": 32332048, "title": "How COVID-19 Has Changed the Management of Glomerular Diseases.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Bomback, Andrew S", "Canetta, Pietro A", "Ahn, Wooin", "Ahmad, Syeda B", "Radhakrishnan, Jai", "Appel, Gerald B"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332048", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533563, "title": "Disinfection of corona virus in histopathology laboratories.", "journal": "Clin Anat", "authors": ["Luqman, Zubair", "Iqbal, Nasir", "Ali, Hafiz Muhammad", "Mustafa, Zahid", "Sikandar, Arbab", "Kausar, Razia"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533563", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS CoV-2/COVID-19) is a highly contagious and deadly disease caused by a virus belonging to the coronaviridae family. Researchers working in histopathology laboratories, dealing with morbid samples, are particularly vulnerable to infection unless they have very strong immunity. Hence, a proper precautionary protocol is required for the safety of the laboratory staff. The current review highlights the biological and physical agents that can be used to inactivate the virus and disinfect the surrounding environment in the laboratory. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32406001, "pmcid": "PMC7220846", "title": "COVID-19 with rheumatic diseases: a report of 5 cases.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Cheng, Chuanfang", "Li, Chuanjing", "Zhao, Tao", "Yue, Jing", "Yang, Fang", "Yan, Yimin", "Liu, Xiaoan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406001", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the result of an infection with the new virus, SARS-CoV-2, is rapidly spreading worldwide. It is largely unknown whether the occurrence of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic immune diseases has some specific manifestations, or makes them more prone to rapidly progress into severe COVID-19. In this case report, we describe the clinical features of 5 rheumatic immune disease patients with the concomitant presence of COVID-19. Amongst these patients, 4 had rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 1 had systemic sclerosis (SSc). Two patients had a history of close contact with a COVID-19 patient. The age of the patients ranged between 51 and 79\u00a0years. Fever (80%), cough (80%), dyspnea (40%), and fatigue (20%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Laboratory investigations revealed leukopenia and lymphopenia in 2 patients. In all the patients, chest computerized tomography (CT) revealed patchy ground glass opacities in the lungs. During the hospital stay, the condition of two patients remained the same (i.e., mild COVID-19), two patients progressed to the severe COVID-19, and one patient worsened to the critically ill COVID-19. These patients were treated with antiviral agents for COVID-19, antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections, and immunomodulatory agents for rheumatic immune diseases. All the patients responded well, were cured of COVID-19, and subsequently discharged."}, {"pmid": 32503826, "title": "Tor Vergata University-Hospital in the Beginning of COVID-19-Era: Experience and Recommendation for Breast Cancer Patients.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Buonomo, Oreste Claudio", "Materazzo, Marco", "Pellicciaro, Marco", "Caspi, Jonathan", "Piccione, Emilio", "Vanni, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503826", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has been officially declared as a pandemic by the WHO. Italy was the first European country to be strongly affected by this outbreak. All elective and health promotion activities were reduced. Accordingly, Italian Breast Units and breast cancer (BC) screening programs scaled down significantly their activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate measures that could potentially reduce the clinical impact of COVID-19 on BC patients. Temporary recommendations are needed that could assist specialists in preventing COVID-19 infection and optimizing resources for diagnosis and treatment of BC patients."}, {"pmid": 32362732, "pmcid": "PMC7195368", "title": "Joint Guidance from SGEI, ISG and INASL for Gastroenterologists and Gastrointestinal Endoscopists on the Prevention, Care, and Management of Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Exp Hepatol", "authors": ["Philip, Mathew", "Lakhtakia, Sundeep", "Aggarwal, Rakesh", "Madan, Kaushal", "Saraswat, Vivek", "Makharia, Govind"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362732", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started in December 2019 in China, has resulted in a pandemic leading to significant morbidity and mortality across the globe. Although it mainly causes respiratory symptoms, respiratory failure and death due to multiorgan failure, there is evolving evidence to suggest gastrointestinal (GI) and liver involvement by this virus. Owing to this, health-care professionals taking care of GI and liver diseases are also at an increased risk of getting exposed. Hence, there is a need for protocols to be prepared to guide the handling of COVID-19 patients by the GI and liver specialists, as well as to manage the pre-existing GI and liver diseases during the ongoing pandemic. We present here the guidelines prepared jointly by the three Indian professional bodies in the field of GI diseases, namely the Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India, Indian Society of Gastroenterology, and Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver."}, {"pmid": 32299718, "pmcid": "PMC7151320", "title": "Ecosystem approaches to the risk for schizophrenia.", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Paquin, Vincent", "Lemire, Melanie", "King, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299718", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376133, "pmcid": "PMC7183959", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on European Health Care and Urology Trainees.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Pang, Karl H", "Carrion, Diego M", "Rivas, Juan Gomez", "Mantica, Guglielmo", "Mattigk, Angelika", "Pradere, Benjamin", "Esperto, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376133", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had rapid and inevitable effects on health care systems and the training and work plans of urology residents. Smart learning is a valuable strategy for maintaining the learning curve of residents."}, {"pmid": 32467591, "pmcid": "PMC7254971", "title": "Endovascular stroke treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Rev Neurol", "authors": ["Ospel, Johanna M", "Goyal, Mayank"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467591", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502585, "pmcid": "PMC7265862", "title": "CHILBLAIN-LIKE ACRAL LESIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC (\"COVID TOES\"): HISTOLOGIC, IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF 17 CASES.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Kanitakis, Jean", "Lesort, Cecile", "Danset, Marie", "Jullien, Denis"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502585", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, several acral chilblain-like skin lesions (CBLL) were observed in young patients with suspected, but mostly unconfirmed, infection with SARS-CoV-2. The histopathological aspect of these lesions is as yet poorly known. To investigate the pathologic features of CBLL. Biopsies were obtained from 17 cases of CBLL during the COVID-19 pandemic in France and were studied by routine histological examination, immunohistochemistry and direct immunofluorescence (DIF). The patients had suspected but unconfirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 (negative nasopharyngeal PCR test and serological tests). CBLL showed many features with those reported in idiopathic (IC) and auto-immune related chilblains (AC), including epidermal necrotic keratinocytes, dermal edema, perivascular and perieccrine sweat gland lymphocytic (predominantly CD3/CD4+) inflammation and frequent vascular changes (endothelialitis, microthromboses, fibrin deposition, immunoreactant deposits on vessels). CBLL show similar histopathologic features with IC and AC, with a rather high rate of vascular changes and DIF positivity. The role of SARS-CoV-2 in the development of these puzzling lesions remains to be elucidated."}, {"pmid": 32463764, "title": "Oncology Care Delivery in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Opportunity to Study Innovations and Outcomes.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Cinar, Pelin", "Cox, John", "Kamal, Arif", "Bickel, Kathleen", "Krzyzanowska, Monika", "Armitage, James", "Ganti, Apar Kishor", "Ward, Jeffery", "Wong, Sandra", "Lonial, Sagar", "Bosserman, Linda"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348056, "title": "[Organizational Impacts and Clinical Challenges of the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Swiss Tertiary Internal Medicine Department].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Garnier, Antoine", "Vaucher, Julien", "Bianchi, Christophe", "Kraege, Vanessa", "Mean, Marie", "Castioni, Julien", "Bart, Pierre-Alexandre", "Champier, Valerie", "Eggimann, Philippe", "Gachoud, David", "Jovanovic, Milica", "Lamy, Olivier", "Marques-Vidal, Pedro", "Monti, Matteo", "Perier, Anne", "Robert, Sylvie", "Roulet, Guillaume", "Sartori, Claudio", "Waeber, Gerard", "Vollenweider, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348056", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid progression of COVID-19 is an organizational challenge for all hospitals. To secure the patient overflow, the Department internal medicine of the University Hospital of Lausanne increased nurse and medical workforces as well as bed capacity by 65\u2005%, with extraordinary help from other departments. The implemented crisis management stood upon three pillars\u2005: a crisis management team, steering documents and internal communication. In this new form, the Department had already taken care of 442 COVID-19 admissions by April 16, 2020. Alongside organizational challenges, clinical issues such as rapid respiratory distress, clinical suspicions with negative PCR and treatment uncertainties in the absence of sufficient evidence were overcome. Despite the peak of the pandemic appearing to have passed, the next phase could be just as complicated."}, {"pmid": 32388418, "pmcid": "PMC7190485", "title": "How an Epidemic Outbreak Impacts Happiness: Factors that Worsen (vs. Protect) Emotional Well-being during the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Yang, Haiyang", "Ma, Jingjing"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388418", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "What are the factors that worsen (vs. protect) emotional well-being during a pandemic outbreak such as COVID-19? Through two large-scale nationwide surveys (N1\u00a0=\u00a011,131; N2\u00a0=\u00a03,000) conducted in China immediately before versus during the coronavirus outbreak, we found that the onset of the coronavirus epidemic led to a 74% drop in overall emotional well-being. Factors associated with the likelihood of contracting the disease (e.g., residing near the epicenter), extent of potential harm (e.g., being an elderly), and relational issues (e.g., those within a marriage) exacerbated the detrimental effect of the outbreak on emotional well-being. Further, individuals' perception of their knowledge about coronavirus infection was another factor. Regardless of the actual amount of knowledge they possessed, those perceiving themselves as more knowledgeable, were able to experience more happiness during the outbreak. Higher perceived knowledge was associated with a stronger sense of control, which mediated the differences in emotional well-being. These patterns persisted even after controlling for a host of demographic and economic variables. In conclusion, public policies and mental health interventions aimed at boosting/protecting psychological well-being during epidemics should take account of these factors."}, {"pmid": 32414393, "pmcid": "PMC7228670", "title": "Angiotensin II infusion in COVID-19-associated vasodilatory shock: a case series.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Zangrillo, Alberto", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Beretta, Luigi", "Morselli, Federica", "Serpa Neto, Ary", "Bellomo, Rinaldo"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414393", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513289, "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 Ivermectin Navarra-ISGlobal Trial (SAINT) to Evaluate the Potential of Ivermectin to Reduce COVID-19 Transmission in low risk, non-severe COVID-19 patients in the first 48 hours after symptoms onset: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized control pilot trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Chaccour, Carlos", "Ruiz-Castillo, Paula", "Richardson, Mary-Ann", "Moncunill, Gemma", "Casellas, Aina", "Carmona-Torre, Francisco", "Giraldez, Miriam", "Mota, Juana Schwartz", "Yuste, Jose Ramon", "Azanza, Jose Ramon", "Fernandez, Miriam", "Reina, Gabriel", "Dobano, Carlota", "Brew, Joe", "Sadaba, Belen", "Hammann, Felix", "Rabinovich, Regina"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513289", "countries": ["Gabon", "Spain", "Ethiopia", "Cameroon", "Chad", "Nigeria", "Congo", "Angola", "Sudan", "Guinea"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The primary objective is to determine the efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin, administered to low risk, non-severe COVID-19 patients in the first 48 hours after symptom onset to reduce the proportion of patients with detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test from nasopharyngeal swab at day 7 post-treatment. The secondary objectives are: 1.To assess the efficacy of ivermectin to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the nasopharyngeal swab at day 7 post treatment.2.To assess the efficacy of ivermectin to improve symptom progression in treated patients.3.To assess the proportion of seroconversions in treated patients at day 21.4.To assess the safety of ivermectin at the proposed dose.5.To determine the magnitude of immune response against SARS-CoV-2.6.To assess the early kinetics of immunity against SARS-CoV-2. SAINT is a single centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, superiority trial with two parallel arms. Participants will be randomized to receive a single dose of 400 \u03bcg/kg ivermectin or placebo, and the number of patients in the treatment and placebo groups will be the same (1:1 ratio). The population for the study will be patients with a positive nasopharyngeal swab PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, with non-severe COVID-19 disease, and no risk factors for progression to severity. Vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, minors (i.e.; under 18 years old), and seniors (i.e.; over 60 years old) will be excluded. Inclusion criteria 1. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the emergency room of the Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra (CUN) with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR. 2. Residents of the Pamplona basin (\"Cuenca de Pamplona\"). 3. The patient must be between the ages of 18 and 60 years of age. 4. Negative pregnancy test for women of child bearing age*. 5. The patient or his/her representative, has given informed consent to participate in the study. 6. The patient should, in the PI's opinion, be able to comply with all the requirements of the clinical trial (including home follow up during isolation). Exclusion criteria 1. Known history of ivermectin allergy. 2. Hypersensitivity to any component of ivermectin. 3. COVID-19 pneumonia. Diagnosed by the attending physician.Identified in a chest X-ray. 4. Fever or cough present for more than 48 hours. 5. Positive IgG against SARS-CoV-2 by rapid diagnostic test. 6. Age under 18 or over 60 years. 7. The following co-morbidities (or any other disease that might interfere with the study in the eyes of the PI): Immunosuppression.Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Diabetes.Hypertension.Obesity.Acute or chronic renal failure.History of coronary disease.History of cerebrovascular disease.Current neoplasm. 8. Recent travel history to countries that are endemic for Loa loa (Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Equatorial, Guinea, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Nigeria and Sudan). 9. Current use of CYP 3A4 or P-gp inhibitor drugs such as quinidine, amiodarone, diltiazem, spironolactone, verapamil, clarithromycin, erythromycin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, indinavir, ritonavir or cobicistat. Use of critical CYP3A4 substrate drugs such as warfarin. *Women of child bearing age may participate if they use a safe contraceptive method for the entire period of the study and at least one month afterwards. A woman is considered to not have childbearing capacity if she is post-menopausal (minimum of 2 years without menstruation) or has undergone surgical sterilization (at least one month before the study). The trial is currently planned at a single center, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, in Navarra (Spain), and the immunology samples will be analyzed at the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), in Barcelona (Spain). Participants will be recruited by the investigators at the emergency room and/or COVID-19 area of the CUN. They will remain in the trial for a period of 28 days at their homes since they will be patients with mild disease. In the interest of public health and to contain transmission of infection, follow-up visits will be conducted in the participant's home by a clinical trial team comprising nursing and medical members. Home visits will assess clinical and laboratory parameters of the patients. Ivermectin will be administered to the treatment group at a 400\u03bcg/Kg dose (included in the EU approved label of Stromectol and Scabioral). The control group will receive placebo. There is no current data on the efficacy of ivermectin against the virus in vivo, therefore the use of placebo in the control group is ethically justified. Primary Proportion of patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR from a nasopharyngeal swab at day 7 post-treatment. Secondary 1.Mean viral load as determined by PCR cycle threshold (Ct) at baseline and on days 4, 7, 14, and 21.2.Proportion of patients with fever and cough at days 4, 7, 14, and 21 as well as proportion of patients progressing to severe disease or death during the trial.3.Proportion of patients with seroconversion at day 21.4.Proportion of drug-related adverse events during the trial.5.Median levels of IgG, IgM, IgA measured by Luminex, frequencies of innate and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells assessed by flow cytometry, median levels of inflammatory and activation markers measured by Luminex and transcriptomics.6.Median kinetics of IgG, IgM, IgA levels during the trial, until day 28. Eligible patients will be allocated in a 1:1 ratio using a randomization list generated by the trial statistician using blocks of four to ensure balance between the groups. A study identification code with the format \"SAINT-##\" (##: from 01 to 24) will be generated using a sequence of random numbers so that the randomization number does not match the subject identifier. The sequence and code used will be kept in an encrypted file accessible only to the trial statistician. A physical copy will be kept in a locked cabinet at the CUN, accessible only to the person administering the drug who will not enrol or attend to patient care. A separate set of 24 envelopes for emergency unblinding will be kept in the study file. The clinical trial team and the patients will be blinded. The placebo will not be visibly identical, but it will be administered by staff not involved in the clinical care or participant follow up. The sample size is 24 patients: 12 participants will be randomised to the treatment group and 12 participants to the control group. Current protocol version: 1.0 dated 16 of April 2020. Recruitment is envisioned to begin by May 14th and end by June 14th. EudraCT number: 2020-001474-29, registered April 1st. Clinicaltrials.gov: submitted, pending number FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32327412, "title": "Covid-19: Two thirds of healthcare workers who have died were from ethnic minorities.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327412", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227794, "title": "At the 'heart' of the COVID-19 outbreak: early cardiac implications and mitigating strategies.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Cherian, Robin", "Poh, Kian Keong"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227794", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382072, "title": "Structural basis for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease by antineoplastic drug carmofur.", "journal": "Nat Struct Mol Biol", "authors": ["Jin, Zhenming", "Zhao, Yao", "Sun, Yuan", "Zhang, Bing", "Wang, Haofeng", "Wu, Yan", "Zhu, Yan", "Zhu, Chen", "Hu, Tianyu", "Du, Xiaoyu", "Duan, Yinkai", "Yu, Jing", "Yang, Xiaobao", "Yang, Xiuna", "Yang, Kailin", "Liu, Xiang", "Guddat, Luke W", "Xiao, Gengfu", "Zhang, Leike", "Yang, Haitao", "Rao, Zihe"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382072", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The antineoplastic drug carmofur is shown to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Here, the X-ray crystal structure of Mpro in complex with carmofur reveals that the carbonyl reactive group of carmofur is covalently bound to catalytic Cys145, whereas its fatty acid tail occupies the hydrophobic S2 subsite. Carmofur inhibits viral replication in cells (EC50\u2009=\u200924.30\u2009\u03bcM) and is a promising lead compound to develop new antiviral treatment for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32407671, "pmcid": "PMC7213967", "title": "COVID-19 testing and patients in mental health facilities.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Benson, Nicole M", "Ongur, Dost", "Hsu, John"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407671", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510734, "title": "Azithromycin and COVID-19Prompt Early Use at First Signs of this Infection in Adults and Children An Approach Worthy of Consideration.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Schwartz, Robert A", "Suskind, Robert M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510734", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The devastating effects of the coronavirus designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) has led to urgent attempts to find effective therapeutic agents for inpatient and outpatient treatment of COVID-19. Initial enthusiasm for the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin has abated. However, as a result of positive clinical experience with azithromycin used alone during the first few days of the flu-like illness caused by this coronavirus, we recommend formal clinical trials using azithromycin early in the course of a COVID-19 infection. There is one clinical trial initiated, the individually-randomized, telemedicine-based, \"Azithromycin for COVID-19 Treatment in Outpatients Nationwide (ACTION)\" based at the University of California San Francisco. This placebo-controlled trial is designed to determine the efficacy of a single 1.2\u2009g dose of oral azithromycin to prevent COVID-19 patient progression to hospitalization. We recommend formal clinical trials of azithromycin in its prepackaged form at the first sign of COVID-19 infection in adults and children, using an initial adult dose of 500\u2009mg followed by 250\u2009mg per day for four days, a total cumulative dose of 1.5\u2009g, and for children 5 to 18\u2009years of age, 10\u2009mg/kg on the first day followed by 5\u2009mg/kg for four days. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32268042, "title": "Imaging of Covid-19; an Irish Perspective", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["Hickie, C", "McQuade, C", "Torreggiani, W C"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268042", "countries": ["Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464084, "title": "The first two months of COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Single-center experience.", "journal": "Bosn J Basic Med Sci", "authors": ["Arapovic, Jurica", "Skocibusic, Sinisa"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still progressing and has been recorded in more than 210 countries and territories worldwide. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the first cases of COVID-19 were detected on 5th of March 2020 in the entity of Republic of Srpska and 9th of March 2020 in the entity of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Up until the 16th of May 2020, more than 2,200 COVID-19 cases were recorded in both entities, with a mortality rate of 5.8% (131 out of 2231 cases). The aim of this ongoing study is to present the current epidemiological and sociodemographic parameters of 380 COVID-19 patients diagnosed at the University Clinical Hospital Mostar (UCH Mostar) during the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Out of 380 patients, 60 (15.8%) of them required hospitalization. The mortality rate was 5% (19/380). The highest mortality rate of 15.2% (12/79) was recorded in the patients age \u226565 years. In addition to this single-centre experience of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we discuss the epidemiological measures imposed in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with emphasis on the restrictive ones. The COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing in Bosnia and Herzegovina."}, {"pmid": 32031568, "pmcid": "PMC7042871", "title": "Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Novel Coronavirus Infections Involving 13 Patients Outside Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Chang, De", "Lin, Minggui", "Wei, Lai", "Xie, Lixin", "Zhu, Guangfa", "Dela Cruz, Charles S", "Sharma, Lokesh"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32031568", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442028, "title": "Chest CT and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A More Complete Review.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Fraiman, Joseph B"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442028", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514195, "pmcid": "PMC7265946", "title": "Amesh Adalja: taking pandemic preparation seriously.", "journal": "Bull World Health Organ", "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514195", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amesh Adalja talks to Gary Humphreys about pandemic preparedness and the challenges posed by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32424660, "pmcid": "PMC7233189", "title": "An Italian Experience of Spirituality from the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "J Relig Health", "authors": ["Chirico, Francesco", "Nucera, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424660", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this letter to the editor, the authors tell their personal experience in the fight against Coronavirus pandemic and call for more spirituality needed to battle in the COVID-19 emergency. They commemorate the story of many Italian priests who have died in this tragedy and claim that spiritual skills for healthcare workers are especially important in a disaster scenario like this COVID 19 pandemic, to relieve stress and psychic sufferance of the same healthcare professionals as well as of patients and their families."}, {"pmid": 32495496, "title": "Abnormal liver tests in patients hospitalized with Coronavirus disease 2019: should we worry?", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Meszaros, Magdalena", "Meunier, Lucy", "Morquin, David", "Klouche, Kada", "Fesler, Pierre", "Malezieux, Emilie", "Makinson, Alain", "le Moing, Vincent", "Reynes, Jacques", "Pageaux, Georges-Philippe"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495496", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While several studies from China have reported COVID-19-related liver injury, there are currently no data on liver dysfunction in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Europe. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and predictive value of abnormal liver function in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. This was a retrospective cohort study of confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized in two referral hospitals in France. Clinical, biological, and radiological data were collected and analyzed. Two hundred and thirty-four patients confirmed to have COVID-19 by RT-PCR were included. Liver function was abnormal in 66.6% of patients on admission. In multivariate logistic regression, abnormal liver test on admission were associated with in-hospital aggravation (OR=4.1, 95%CI 1.5-10.8; p=0.004) and mortality (OR 3.3; 95% CI=1.04-10.5; p=0.04). This study of liver tests in a European COVID-19 population confirms a high prevalence of abnormal liver tests on admission that are predictive of severe disease course and higher in-hospital mortality."}, {"pmid": 32417380, "pmcid": "PMC7224667", "title": "Coronavirus Disease-2019 in Heart Transplant Recipients in Southeastern Michigan: A Case Series.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Ketcham, Scott W", "Adie, Sarah K", "Malliett, Ashley", "Abdul-Aziz, Ahmad A", "Bitar, Abbas", "Grafton, Gillian", "Konerman, Matthew C"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417380", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the number of cases has risen exponentially. Clinical characteristics and outcomes among patients with orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) with COVID-19 remain poorly described. We performed a retrospective case series of patients with OHT with COVID-19 admitted to 1 of 2 hospitals in Southeastern Michigan between March 21 and April 22, 2020. Clinical data were obtained through review of the electronic medical record. Final date of follow-up was May 7, 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiologic, treatment, and mortality data were collected and analyzed. We identified 13 patients with OHT admitted with COVID-19. The mean age of patients was 61 \u00b1 12 years, 100% were black males, and symptoms began 6 \u00b1 4 days before admission. The most common symptoms included subjective fever (92%), shortness of breath (85%), and cough (77%). Six patients (46%) required admission to the intensive care unit. Two patients (15%) died during hospitalization. Black men may be at increased risk for COVID-19 among patients with OHT. Presenting signs and symptoms in this cohort are similar to those in the general population. Elevated inflammatory markers on presentation appear to be associated with more severe illness."}, {"pmid": 32235517, "pmcid": "PMC7177756", "title": "Healthcare Digitalization and Pay-For-Performance Incentives in Smart Hospital Project Financing.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Moro Visconti, Roberto", "Morea, Donato"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235517", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to explore the impact of healthcare digitalization on smart hospital project financing (PF) fostered by pay-for-performance (P4P) incentives. Digital platforms are a technology-enabled business model that facilitates exchanges between interacting agents. They represent a bridging link among disconnected nodes, improving the scalable value of networks. Application to healthcare public-private partnerships (PPPs) is significant due to the consistency of digital platforms with health issues and the complexity of the stakeholder's interaction. In infrastructural PPPs, public and private players cooperate, usually following PF patterns. This relationship is complemented by digitized supply chains and is increasingly patient-centric. This paper reviews the literature, analyzes some supply chain bottlenecks, addresses solutions concerning the networking effects of platforms to improve PPP interactions, and investigates the cost-benefit analysis of digital health with an empirical case. Whereas diagnostic or infrastructural technology is an expensive investment with long-term payback, leapfrogging digital applications reduce contingent costs. \"Digital\" savings can be shared by key stakeholders with P4P schemes, incentivizing value co-creation patterns. Efficient sharing may apply network theory to a comprehensive PPP ecosystem where stakeholding nodes are digitally connected. This innovative approach improves stakeholder relationships, which are re-engineered around digital platforms that enhance patient-centered satisfaction and sustainability. Digital technologies are useful even for infectious disease surveillance, like that of the coronavirus pandemic, for supporting massive healthcare intervention, decongesting hospitals, and providing timely big data."}, {"pmid": 32534189, "title": "Macrolides and viral infections: focus on azithromycin in COVID-19 pathology.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Pani, Arianna", "Lauriola, Marinella", "Romandini, Alessandra", "Scaglione, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534189", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the new disease COVID-19, is posing the challenge of seeking effective therapies. Since the most severe clinical manifestation of COVID-19 appeared to be a severe acute respiratory syndrome, azithromycin has been proposed as a potential treatment. Azithromycin is known to have immunomodulating and antiviral properties. In vitro studies have demonstrated the capacity of azithromycin to reduce production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, IL-6, TNF alpha, reduce oxidative stress and modulate T-helper functions. At the same time there are multiple clinical evidences of the role of azithromycin in acute respiratory distress syndrome and against MERS. Some preliminary evidences have demonstrated controversial results regarding efficacy of azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19. Firstly, a French trial demonstrated 100% of virological negativization of six patients treated with azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine vs 57.1% of patients treated with only hydroxychloroquine and 12.5% of the control group (p<0.05). On the other hand, another case series revealed no efficacy at all on eleven patients treated with same combination and doses. Furthermore, there are some concerns regarding the association of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine because of the potential Qt prolongation. In fact, both drugs have this as potential side effect and evidences regarding the safety use of this combination are controversial. Despite the necessity to quickly find solutions for COVID-19, extreme caution must be used in evaluating the risk-benefit balance. However, based on preclinical and clinical evidences and some preliminary results in COVID-19, azithromycin could have a potential in the fight against this new disease."}, {"pmid": 32108459, "title": "[Treatment strategies of Budd-Chiari syndrome during the epidemic period of 2019 coronavirus disease].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, L H", "Zhang, G", "Dang, X W", "Li, L"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108459", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prevention and control about the situation of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are grim at present. In addition to supporting the frontline actively, medical workers in general surgery spare no efforts in making good diagnosis and treatment of specialized diseases by optimizing treatment process, providing medical advice online, mastering indications of delayed operation and emergency operation reasonably, etc. Budd-Chiari syndrome is a complex disorder, and severity of the disease varies, serious cases can be life threatening. While fighting the epidemic, medical workers should also ensure the medical needs of patients. However, instead of continuing the traditional treatment, a new management system should be developed. Based on the characteristics of Budd-Chiari syndrome patients in China and our experience, patients are divided into ordinary cases and critical cases, and treatment strategies suitable for the epidemic period of COVID-19 are put forward for reference and discussion by physicians."}, {"pmid": 32521198, "title": "Uncertainty and COVID-19: how are we to respond?", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Koffman, Jonathan", "Gross, Jamie", "Etkind, Simon Noah", "Selman, Lucy"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521198", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531421, "pmcid": "PMC7283070", "title": "Reflection on SARS-CoV-2 infection of container ship seafarers.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dai, Qi", "Hu, Supei", "Yan, Kun", "Chen, Zhang", "Chen, Bin", "Cai, Ting", "Zhang, Shun", "Zhang, Jingfeng", "Zheng, Jianjun"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531421", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488493, "pmcid": "PMC7266417", "title": "Asymptomatic carriage and transmission of SARS-CoV-2: What do we know?", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lee, Susan", "Meyler, Paula", "Mozel, Michelle", "Tauh, Tonia", "Merchant, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488493", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Risk to healthcare workers treating asymptomatic patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the operating room depends on multiple factors. This review examines the evidence for asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic carriage of SARS-CoV-2, the risk of transmission from asymptomatic patients, and the specific risks associated with aerosol-generating procedures. Protective measures, such as minimization of aerosols and use of personal protective equipment in the setting of treating asymptomatic patients, are also reviewed. We examined the published literature as well as Societal guidelines. There is evidence that a proportion of those infected with SARS-CoV-2 have detectable viral loads prior to exhibiting symptoms, or without ever developing symptoms. The degree of risk of transmission from asymptomatic patients to healthcare providers will depend on the prevalence of disease in the population, which is difficult to assess without widespread population screening. Aerosol-generating procedures increase the odds of viral transmission from infected symptomatic patients to healthcare providers, but transmission from asymptomatic patients has not been reported. Techniques to minimize aerosolization and appropriate personal protective equipment may help reduce the risk to healthcare workers in the operating room. Some societal guidelines recommend the use of airborne precautions during aerosol-generating procedures on asymptomatic patients during the coronavirus disease pandemic, although evidence supporting this practice is limited. Viral transmission from patients exhibiting no symptoms in the operating room is plausible and efforts to reduce risk to healthcare providers include reducing aerosolization and wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, the feasibility of which will vary based on geographic risk and equipment availability."}, {"pmid": 32497344, "title": "COVID-19 presenting with immune thrombocytopenia: a case report and review of the literature.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Murt, Ahmet", "Eskazan, Ahmet Emre", "Yilmaz, Umut", "Ozkan, Tuba", "Ar, Muhlis Cem"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497344", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may be associated with thrombocytopenia which might have different mechanisms in different patients and in different phases of the disease. Cytokine release, thrombotic consumption or autoimmune destruction are some leading etiologies of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19. This case report presents a 41-year-old male COVID-19 patient who had petechiae and purpura as the referral symptoms. Laboratory tests revealed isolated thrombocytopenia with no other additional pathologic findings. Most probable diagnosis was COVID-19 induced immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment generated a good response. There were four other recent publications with a total of eight cases in the literature. The presented case was discussed in comparison with those similar cases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32514683, "title": "Systematic review of the prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China: could nicotine be a therapeutic option?: Comment.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Rajput, Dinesh Vijay"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514683", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a comment on the low prevalence of smokers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, citing the possible role of squamous cell metaplasia, which is commonly associated with smokers."}, {"pmid": 32459578, "title": "The effects of COVID-19 on the health and socio-economic security of sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya: Emerging intersections with HIV.", "journal": "Glob Public Health", "authors": ["Kimani, Joshua", "Adhiambo, Joyce", "Kasiba, Rosemary", "Mwangi, Peninah", "Were, Veronica", "Mathenge, John", "Macharia, Pascal", "Cholette, Francois", "Moore, Samantha", "Shaw, Souradet", "Becker, Marissa", "Musyoki, Helgar", "Bhattacharjee, Parinita", "Moses, Stephen", "Fowke, Keith R", "McKinnon, Lyle R", "Lorway, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459578", "countries": ["Kenya"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, and its attendant responses, has led to massive health, social, and economic challenges on a global scale. While, so far, having a relatively low burden of COVID-19 infection, it is the response in lower- and middle- income countries that has had particularly dire consequences for impoverished populations such as sex workers, many of whom rely on regular income in the informal economic sector to survive. This commentary captures the challenges in Kenya posed by daily curfews and lost economic income, coupled with further changes to sex work that increase potential exposure to infection, stigmatisation, violence, and various health concerns. It also highlights the ways in which communities and programmes have demonstrated resourcefulness in responding to this unprecedented disruption in order to emerge healthy when COVID-19, and the measures to contain it, subside."}, {"pmid": 32243911, "pmcid": "PMC7146693", "title": "C-reactive protein levels in the early stage of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Wang, L"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243911", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a new infectious disease, for which there is currently no treatment. It is therefore necessary to explore biomarkers to determine the extent of lung lesions and disease severity. We aimed to assess the usefulness of CRP levels in the early stage of COVID-19 and to correlate them with lung lesions and severe presentation. Confirmed cases of COVID-19 were selected at the Fever Unit in two regions of Guizhou, China. On admission CRP levels were collected, and the diameter of the largest lung lesion was measured in the most severe lung lesion by lung CT scan. Differences in the diameter and CRP levels were compared in the following groups of patients: mild group, moderate group, severe group, and critical group. CRP levels and the diameter of the largest lung lesion in the moderate group were higher than those in the mild group (Mann-Whitney test=-2.647, -2.171, P\u02c20.05), those in the severe group were higher than those in the moderate group (Mann-Whitney test=0.693, -2.177, P\u02c20.05), and those in the critical group were higher than those in the severe group (Mann-Whitney test=-0.068, -1.549, P\u02c20.05). The difference was statistically significant. CRP levels were positively correlated with the diameter of lung lesion and severe presentation (correlation coefficient=0.873, 0.734, P\u02c20.001). In the early stage of COVID-19 CRP levels were positively correlated with lung lesions and could reflect disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32277386, "pmcid": "PMC7145935", "title": "\"Fast, faster, and fastest: science on the run during COVID-19 drama\"-\"do not forget the liver\".", "journal": "Hepatol Int", "authors": ["Sarin, S K"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277386", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293020, "title": "[Palliation in patients with severe COVID-19].", "journal": "Lakartidningen", "authors": ["Ekstrom, Magnus", "Dahlander, Bengt"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293020", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause severe respiratory failure and distressing symptoms including fever, cough, breathlessness and anxiety. Symptomatic (palliative) treatment is of fundamental importance both in conjuncture with life-sustaining interventions and in end of life care. Based on the evidence to date, there are several treatment options to consider for the relief of fever (acetaminophen, NSAID, oral glucocorticoids), cough (morphine), breathlessness (morphine, oxygen, fan), anxiety (benzodiazepines) and pain (NSAID, morphine). Top priorities include precautions to protect staff and people at-risk from infection and planning how to provide adequate treatment for each individual depending on setting, including palliative care."}, {"pmid": 32447996, "title": "Treatments in the COVID-19 pandemic: an update on clinical trials.", "journal": "Expert Opin Emerg Drugs", "authors": ["Tao, Yan Yi", "Tang, Liang V", "Hu, Yu"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447996", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292205, "pmcid": "PMC7151366", "title": "[Distributions of time, place, and population of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from January 20 to February 10, 2020, in China].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Jin, Lairun", "Zhao, Ying", "Zhou, Jun", "Tao, Mengjun", "Yang, Yang", "Wang, Xingyu", "Ye, Pinkai", "Shan, Shajia", "Yuan, Hui"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292205", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, increasing cases of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are being detected worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to provide a scientific reference for the global prevention and control of COVID-19. General demographic characteristics, epidemiological history, and clinical symptoms of COVID-19\u00a0were collected that had been reported on the websites of multiple Municipal Health Commissions\u00a0in China. We herein describe distributions in time, place, and population of COVID-19. As of midnight on February 10, 2020, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19\u00a0in China was 42,638, and the province with the largest number of confirmed cases was Hubei (31728), followed by Guangdong (1177), Zhejiang (1117), and Henan (1105) province. The number of cases and the speed of confirmed cases in provinces other than Hubei were more moderate than those of the Hubei province. The median (interquartile range) age of patients with COVID-19\u00a0was 44 (33, 54) years, with a range of 10 months to 89 years. The COVID-19 epidemic should be considered a global threat and the steps for control include early diagnosis and treatment, as well as isolation."}, {"pmid": 32437830, "pmcid": "PMC7211738", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection of the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Wang, Yijin", "Liu, Shuhong", "Liu, Hongyang", "Li, Wei", "Lin, Fang", "Jiang, Lina", "Li, Xi", "Xu, Pengfei", "Zhang, Lixin", "Zhao, Lihua", "Cao, Yun", "Kang, Jiarui", "Yang, Jianfa", "Li, Ling", "Liu, Xiaoyan", "Li, Yan", "Nie, Ruifang", "Mu, Jinsong", "Lu, Fengmin", "Zhao, Shousong", "Lu, Jiangyang", "Zhao, Jingmin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437830", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Liver enzyme abnormality is common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Whether or not SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to liver damage per se remains unknown. Here we reported the clinical characteristics and liver pathological manifestations of COVID-19 patients with liver enzyme abnormality. We received 156 patients diagnosed of COVID-19 from two designated centers in China, and compared clinical features between patients with elevated aminotransferase or not. Postmortem liver biopsies were obtained from two cases who had elevated aminotransferase. We investigated the patterns of liver impairment by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay, and pathological studies. 64 of 156 (41.0%) COVID-19 patients had elevated aminotransferase. The median levels of ALT were 50 U/L vs. 19 U/L, respectively, AST were 45.5 U/L vs. 24 U/L, respectively in abnormal and normal aminotransferase groups. The liver enzyme abnormality was associated with disease severity, as well as a series of laboratory tests including higher A-aDO2, higher GGT, lower albumin, decreased CD4+ T cells and B lymphocytes. Ultrastructural examination identified typical coronavirus particles characterized by spike structure in cytoplasm of hepatocytes in two COVID-19 cases. SARS-CoV-2 infected hepatocytes displayed conspicuous mitochondrial swelling, endoplasmic reticulum dilatation, and glycogen granule decrease. Histologically, massive hepatic apoptosis and a certain binuclear hepatocytes were observed. Taken together, both ultrastructural and histological evidence indicated a typical lesion of viral infection. Immunohistochemical results showed scanty CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. No obvious eosinophil infiltration, cholestasis, fibrin deposition, granuloma, massive central necrosis, or interface hepatitis were observed. SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver is a crucial cause of hepatic impairment in COVID-19 patients. Hence, a surveillance of viral clearance in liver and long outcome of COVID-19 is required."}, {"pmid": 32196083, "pmcid": "PMC7184499", "title": "COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Zhou, Dan", "Dai, Sheng-Ming", "Tong, Qiang"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196083", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, has swept across 31 provinces in China and over 40 countries worldwide. The transition from first symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is highly likely to be due to uncontrolled cytokine release. There is an urgent need to identify safe and effective drugs for treatment. Chloroquine (CQ) exhibits a promising inhibitory effect. However, the clinical use of CQ can cause severe side effects. We propose that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which exhibits an antiviral effect highly similar to that of CQ, could serve as a better therapeutic approach. HCQ is likely to attenuate the severe progression of COVID-19, inhibiting the cytokine storm by suppressing T cell activation. It has a safer clinical profile and is suitable for those who are pregnant. It is cheaper and more readily available in China. We herein strongly urge that clinical trials are performed to assess the preventive effects of HCQ in both disease infection and progression."}, {"pmid": 32381385, "pmcid": "PMC7136888", "title": "Caring for Children and Adolescents With Eating Disorders in the Current Coronavirus 19 Pandemic: A Singapore Perspective.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Davis, Courtney", "Ng, Kee Chong", "Oh, Jean Yin", "Baeg, Amerie", "Rajasegaran, Kumudhini", "Chew, Chu Shan Elaine"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381385", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our public pediatric tertiary hospital in Singapore has been a part of a robust public health response to coronavirus 19 that has been calibrated in a timely manner to the evolving international situation. As of mid-March, Singapore remains in a containment mode with enhanced surveillance and limited community spread. Within this context, our service for pediatric eating disorder care has had to make significant adaptations to our models of service delivery as well as respond to the changing psychosocial needs of our patients. Given infection control requirements, we have instituted modular staffing for our inpatient and outpatient settings, necessitating task shifting and an increased use of technology for communication. Because of the reduced outpatient capacity and the need to minimize nonurgent trips to the hospital, we have implemented telemedicine and have leveraged on partnerships with school counselors and other community partners. \"Coronaphobia\" has influenced our patients' willingness to attend visits and worsened existing health anxiety for some. Responsiveness to families' and patients' health and financial concerns has been essential. As coronavirus 19 impacts more countries, our institution's experience can provide insight into challenges and possible adaptations to providing ongoing care for eating disorder patients in this environment."}, {"pmid": 32409521, "title": "Continuing care and COVID-19: a Canadian tragedy that must not be allowed to happen again.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Holroyd-Leduc, Jayna M", "Laupacis, Andreas"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409521", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317247, "title": "What will we learn from covid-19? That we live in an uncertain world.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Harvey, Judith H"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317247", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449242, "title": "Prevention of thrombosis in pregnant women with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection: clinical management algorithm.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Lou-Mercade, A C", "Gavin, O", "Oros, D", "Paules, C", "Saviron-Cornudella, R", "Mateo, P", "Paramo, J A", "Ruiz-Martinez, S"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449242", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425416, "pmcid": "PMC7219416", "title": "The role of an Orthopaedic Surgeon in the time of Covid-19 Pandemic-a German perspective.", "journal": "J Orthop", "authors": ["Graichen, Heiko"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425416", "countries": ["Germany", "Korea, Republic of", "Singapore", "Spain", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 is a non-orthopaedic disease but is affecting the community of Orthopaedics as much as every part of our daily living. In this Editorial the different aspects of changes in our routine are described, based on the experience of this Editor in Germany. I will try to give you a bit of background information first, as the situation is very much dependent on the specific phase of the pandemic and your place of work. The experience for an Orthopaedic Surgeon in New York or Madrid may differ from that of an Orthopaedic Surgeon in Singapore, or South Korea. As Europe is, at least at the moment, the most affected continent, it hopefully is an interesting topic for all of you. The Covid-19 pandemic is affecting all aspects of our lives, therefore this editorial is divided into 4 sessions: Role as surgeon, as doctor, as teacher, and as family member. Most countries have stopped elective surgeries and by that relegated Orthopaedic surgeons to a minimum of work. Keeping contact to patients with digital tools might be an option to achieve an organised restart after the end of the lock down period and to keep treating patients through that phase. For many Orthopaedic surgeons, the principal task now is being part of an interdisciplinary team that is headed by colleagues from Internal Medicine or Anaesthesiology. Wards from the Orthopaedic department are reorganised as quarantine wards for Covid-19 patients. Worldwide all conferences have been cancelled and nobody knows for how long this will continue. Education now has become fully digital, allowing to present and communicate without real limitations compared to conventional conferences. Some teaching options, such as hands-on workshops, fellowships, etc. are ceased and cannot be replaced by digital options. Due to social distancing families are spending much more time together than before, while some family members, especially the people at risk (elders, ones with a fragile health) cannot be visited for a long time. Get togethers with friends as well as community meetings are completely suspended. For some of them, digital technology is the only option to minimize the problem of social distancing. Overall, it has to be stated, that all parts of our lives as an Orthopaedic Surgeon are affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. As nobody knows how long these restrictions need to remain in place we have to accept them and work on improving this specific situation by following the rules. Hopefully, a vaccine will be developed in the near future, allowing us to return to a \"normal\" life. Nevertheless, it will never be like it was before."}, {"pmid": 32271461, "title": "COVID-19: emerging protective measures.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Balachandar, V", "Mahalaxmi, I", "Kaavya, J", "Vivekanandhan, G", "Ajithkumar, S", "Arul, N", "Singaravelu, G", "Senthil Kumar, N", "Mohana Dev, S"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271461", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose. COVID-19 is predominantly considered as an unavoidable pandemic, and scientists are very curious about how to provide the best protection to the public before a vaccine can be made available. There is an urge to manufacture a greater number of masks to prevent any aerosol with microbes. Hence, we aim to develop an efficient viral inactivation system by exploiting active compounds from naturally occurring medicinal plants and infusing them into nanofiber-based respiratory masks. Our strategy is to develop fibrous filtration with three-layered masks using the compounds from medicinal plants for viral deactivation. These masks will be beneficial not just to healthcare workers but common citizens as well. In the absence of vaccination, productive masks can be worn to prevent transmission of airborne pathogenic aerosols and control diseases."}, {"pmid": 32517505, "title": "C3 polymorphisms represent an important immunological confounder on the spread and outcome of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Dai, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517505", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395790, "title": "COVID-19 and Cardiovascular diseases. Scoping review study.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Yahia, Faten", "Zakhama, Lilia", "Ben Abdelaziz, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395790", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many patients with COVID-19 have pre-existing cardiovascular (CV) co-morbidities or develop acute heart damage during the course of the disease. To study the risk of COVID-19 infection in the presence of preexisting CV diseases and to describe new CV manifestations during COVID-19. A \"scoping review\" was carried out via PubMed, to synthesize the results of research currently published on this subject. Patients with cardiovascular disease were at greater risk of developing COVID-19, especially in its severe form. These patients were five to ten times more at risk of death. Cardiac manifestations, de novo, were dominated by acute myocardial damage, defined by a significant elevation of cardiac troponins. These occurred in 7 to 17% of hospitalized patients. The presence of a new heart lesion in patients with COVID-19 was consistently associated with a poor prognosis. Given the enormous cardiovascular challenge posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and the prognostic impact of heart damage, additional research at a high level of evidence will be necessary."}, {"pmid": 32423569, "pmcid": "PMC7174180", "title": "From empiricism to scientific evidence in antiviral treatment in severe cases of coronavirus infection in times of epidemic.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Estella, A", "Garnacho-Montero, J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423569", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513345, "title": "Two complementary model-based methods for calculating the risk of international spreading of anovel virus from the outbreak epicentre. The case of COVID-19.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Massad, Eduardo", "Amaku, Marcos", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Santos, Paulo Cesar Costa Dos", "Struchiner, Claudio Jose", "Coutinho, Francisco Antonio Bezerra"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513345", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459557, "title": "Reply to Re: COVID-19 and the Urology Match: Perspectives and a Call to Action.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Gabrielson, Andrew T", "Kohn, Taylor P", "Clifton, Marisa M"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459557", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242828, "title": "Decreased \"WBC*LYM\" was observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients from a fever clinic in Wuhan.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Chi", "Zhang, Linjing", "Chen, Xing", "Zhang, Hui", "Fei, Yang"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242828", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205158, "pmcid": "PMC7118616", "title": "An integrated response to the impact of coronavirus outbreak on the Emergency Medical Services of Emilia Romagna.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Semeraro, Federico", "Gamberini, Lorenzo", "Tartaglione, Marco", "Mora, Fabio", "Dell'Arciprete, Oscar", "Cordenons, Fiorella", "Del Giudice, Donatella", "Picoco, Cosimo", "Gordini, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205158", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32256547, "pmcid": "PMC7105280", "title": "Clinical trials on drug repositioning for COVID-19 treatment.", "journal": "Rev Panam Salud Publica", "authors": ["Rosa, Sandro G Viveiros", "Santos, Wilson C"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32256547", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) was informed on December 2019 about a coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei province (China). Subsequently, on March 12, 2020, 125,048 cases and 4,614 deaths were reported. Coronavirus is an enveloped RNA virus, from the genus Betacoronavirus, that is distributed in birds, humans, and other mammals. WHO has named the novel coronavirus disease as COVID-19. More than 80 clinical trials have been launched to test coronavirus treatment, including some drug repurposing or repositioning for COVID-19. Hence, we performed a search in March 2020 of the clinicaltrials.gov database. The eligibility criteria for the retrieved studies were: contain a clinicaltrials.gov base identifier number; describe the number of participants and the period for the study; describe the participants' clinical conditions; and utilize interventions with medicines already studied or approved for any other disease in patients infected with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV). It is essential to emphasize that this article only captured trials listed in the clinicaltrials.gov database. We identified 24 clinical trials, involving more than 20 medicines, such as human immunoglobulin, interferons, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, arbidol, remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir, ritonavir, oseltamivir, methylprednisolone, bevacizumab, and traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). Although drug repurposing has some limitations, repositioning clinical trials may represent an attractive strategy because they facilitate the discovery of new classes of medicines; they have lower costs and take less time to reach the market; and there are existing pharmaceutical supply chains for formulation and distribution."}, {"pmid": 32336686, "title": "Do Not Neglect the Children: Considerations for COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Naseri, Amirreza", "Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336686", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503084, "title": "Miller-Fisher syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Reyes-Bueno, Jose Antonio", "Garcia-Trujillo, Lucia", "Urbaneja, Patricia", "Ciano-Petersen, Nicolas Lundahl", "Postigo-Pozo, Maria Jose", "Martinez-Tomas, Cesar", "Serrano-Castro, Pedro J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503084", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11th, 2020, the WHO declared the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic. Syndromes have been detected in relation to COVID-19 such as encephalitis, acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy and cerebrovascular complications. There are also cases of peripheral nervous system involvement. Our case would be the 3rd patient with MFS associated with COVID-19 as far as we know. We present a 51 years old female diagnosed with MFS two weeks after COVID-19. RT-PCR to SARS-CoV-2 was negative but IgG was positive. Most of the cases were mild or moderate with typical signs and symptoms. All were treated with IV immunoglobulin with good response in most cases. Despite the short evolution time of the cases surviving the current pandemic, the description of cases of post-infectious neurological syndromes suggests that this is probably not an infrequent complication in the subacute stage of Covid-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32283108, "pmcid": "PMC7151495", "title": "Remdesivir and SARS-CoV-2: Structural requirements at both nsp12 RdRp and nsp14 Exonuclease active-sites.", "journal": "Antiviral Res", "authors": ["Shannon, Ashleigh", "Le, Nhung Thi-Tuyet", "Selisko, Barbara", "Eydoux, Cecilia", "Alvarez, Karine", "Guillemot, Jean-Claude", "Decroly, Etienne", "Peersen, Olve", "Ferron, Francois", "Canard, Bruno"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283108", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has been the cause of significant health concern, highlighting the immediate need for antivirals. Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) play essential roles in viral RNA synthesis, and thus remains the target of choice for the prophylactic or curative treatment of several viral diseases, due to high sequence and structural conservation. To date, the most promising broad-spectrum class of viral RdRp inhibitors are nucleoside analogues (NAs), with over 25 approved for the treatment of several medically important viral diseases. However, Coronaviruses stand out as a particularly challenging case for NA drug design due to the presence of an exonuclease (ExoN) domain capable of excising incorporated NAs and thus providing resistance to many of these available antivirals. Here we use the available structures of the SARS-CoV RdRp and ExoN proteins, as well as Lassa virus N exonuclease to derive models of catalytically competent SARS-CoV-2 enzymes. We then map a promising NA candidate, GS-441524 (the active metabolite of Remdesivir) to the nucleoside active site of both proteins, identifying the residues important for nucleotide recognition, discrimination, and excision. Interestingly, GS-441524 addresses both enzyme active sites in a manner consistent with significant incorporation, delayed chain termination, and altered excision due to the ribose 1'-CN group, which may account for the increased antiviral effect compared to other available analogues. Additionally, we propose structural and function implications of two previously identified RdRp resistance mutations in relation to resistance against Remdesivir. This study highlights the importance of considering the balance between incorporation and excision properties of NAs between the RdRp and ExoN."}, {"pmid": 32341080, "title": "Covid-19: Leading statistician slams UK's reporting of swab tests as \"travesty of science\".", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341080", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277299, "pmcid": "PMC7146013", "title": "Perspective: cardiovascular disease and the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Basic Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Gori, Tommaso", "Lelieveld, Jos", "Munzel, Thomas"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277299", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We summarize the cardiovascular risks associated with Covid-19 pandemic, discussing the risks for both infected and non-infected patients."}, {"pmid": 32334163, "pmcid": "PMC7174982", "title": "Overview of Covid-19; its prevention and management in the light of Unani medicine.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Nikhat, Sadia", "Fazil, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334163", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a respiratory pandemic named as coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused by a new coronavirus named as SARS-CoV-2, has taken the world by storm. The symptoms are fever, malaise, and cough which resolve in a few days in most cases; but may progress to respiratory distress and organ failure. Transmission is through droplet infection or fomites, but other modes such as airborne transmission and oro-fecal transmission are also speculated. Research is underway to develop effective vaccines and medicines for the disease. In such a scenario, we present the measures described in Unani system of medicine for health protection during epidemics. Unani is a traditional system of medicine developed during the middle ages, which employs natural drugs of herbal, animal and mineral origin for treatment. In Unani medicine, during an epidemic, apart from isolation and quarantine, three measures are of utmost importance, (i) purification of surroundings using certain herbal drugs as fumigants or sprays, (ii) health promotion and immune-modulation, and (iii) use of health-protecting drugs and symptom-specific drugs. Drugs such as loban (Styrax benzoides W. G. Craib), sandroos (Hymenaea verrucosa Gaertn.) za'fran (Crocus sativus L.), vinegar etc. are prescribed in various forms. Scientific researches on these drugs reveal the presence of a number of pharmacologically active substances, which may provide a new insight into the management of infections and epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32442454, "pmcid": "PMC7235576", "title": "Which cancer type has the highest risk of COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Cai, Changjing", "Ahmed, Omar Abdihamid", "Shen, Hong", "Zeng, Shan"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442454", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419769, "pmcid": "PMC7225715", "title": "How to safely and sustainably reorganise a large general radiography service facing the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Radiography (Lond)", "authors": ["Sim, Wei Yow", "Ooi, Chin Chin", "Chen, Robert Chun", "Bakar, Rafidah Abu", "Tan, Chin Chong", "Heng, Ai Ling", "Aw, Lian Ping"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419769", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper aims to share our experience in reorganising our general radiography service during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic from the viewpoint of a large tertiary referral medical centre. Re-organization of radiographic manpower, patient segregation, and modification of routine radiographic practices are key measures to help radiographic services deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. More specifically, emphasis on deploying more mobile radiographic units, segregating equipment, developing consistent image acquisition workflows, and strict adherence to infection control protocols are paramount to minimize the possibility of in-hospital transmission and ensure a safe environment for both patients and staff. Streamlining communication channels between leadership and ground staff allows quick dissemination of information to ultimately facilitate safe provision of services. COVID-19 has drastically altered the way general radiography teams provide services. The institution of several key measures will allow hospitals to safely and sustainably provide radiographic services. To date, there have been zero incidences of radiographer healthcare worker transmission within our institution during the course of work. Radiographers are facing the challenge of providing high-quality services while simultaneously minimizing pathogen exposure to staff and patients. Our experience may lend support to other radiographic services respond to the COVID-19 outbreak and serve as a blueprint for future infectious disease outbreak contingency plans."}, {"pmid": 32171754, "title": "Washing our hands of the problem.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Lynch, Chris", "Mahida, Nikunj", "Oppenheim, Beryl", "Gray, Jim"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171754", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520085, "title": "COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism: Do not forget the association!", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Mariano, Rachel Zerbini", "Ramos, Marcelo de Carvalho", "Reis, Fabiano"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520085", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484429, "title": "COVID-19 Letters & Global Concerns.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Putnam, Michelle"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484429", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503668, "pmcid": "PMC7273815", "title": "Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictive biomarker for moderate-severe ARDS in severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Ma, Aijia", "Cheng, Jiangli", "Yang, Jing", "Dong, Meiling", "Liao, Xuelian", "Kang, Yan"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503668", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000029758. Registered 12 February 2020 - Retrospectively registered."}, {"pmid": 32424293, "pmcid": "PMC7233329", "title": "COVID-19 in persons with chronic myeloid leukaemia.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["Li, Weiming", "Wang, Danyu", "Guo, Jingming", "Yuan, Guolin", "Yang, Zhuangzhi", "Gale, Robert Peter", "You, Yong", "Chen, Zhichao", "Chen, Shiming", "Wan, Chucheng", "Zhu, Xiaojian", "Chang, Wei", "Sheng, Lingshuang", "Cheng, Hui", "Zhang, Youshan", "Li, Qing", "Qin, Jun", "Meng, Li", "Jiang, Qian"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424293", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We studied by questionnaire 530 subjects with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in Hubei Province during the recent SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Five developed confirmed (N\u2009=\u20094) or probable COVID-19 (N\u2009=\u20091). Prevalence of COVID-19 in our subjects, 0.9% (95% Confidence Interval, 0.1, 1.8%) was ninefold higher than 0.1% (0, 0.12%) reported in normals but lower than 10% (6, 17%) reported in hospitalised persons with other haematological cancers or normal health-care providers, 7% (4, 12%). Co-variates associated with an increased risk of developing COVID-19 amongst persons with CML were exposure to someone infected with SARS-CoV-2 (P\u2009=\u20090.037), no complete haematologic response (P\u2009=\u20090.003) and co-morbidity(ies) (P\u2009=\u20090.024). There was also an increased risk of developing COVID-19 in subjects in advanced phase CML (P\u2009=\u20090.004) even when they achieved a complete cytogenetic response or major molecular response at the time of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. 1 of 21 subjects receiving 3rd generation tyrosine kinase-inhibitor (TKI) developed COVID-19 versus 3 of 346 subjects receiving imatinib versus 0 of 162 subjects receiving 2nd generation TKIs (P\u2009=\u20090.096). Other co-variates such as age and TKI-therapy duration were not significantly associated with an increased risk of developing COVID-19. Persons with these risk factors may benefit from increased surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection and possible protective isolation."}, {"pmid": 32470119, "title": "Coronavirus3D: 3D structural visualization of COVID-19 genomic divergence.", "journal": "Bioinformatics", "authors": ["Sedova, Mayya", "Jaroszewski, Lukasz", "Alisoltani, Arghavan", "Godzik, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470119", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemics is spreading around the world, the SARS-CoV-2 virus is evolving with mutations that potentially change and fine-tune functions of the proteins coded in its genome. Coronavirus3D website integrates data on the SARS-CoV-2 virus mutations with information about 3D structures of its proteins, allowing users to visually analyze the mutations in their 3D context. Coronavirus3D server is freely available at https://coronavirus3d.org."}, {"pmid": 32516072, "title": "Abortion in the time of COVID-19: Perspectives from Malta.", "journal": "Sex Reprod Health Matters", "authors": ["Caruana-Finkel, Liza"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516072", "countries": ["Malta"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509416, "pmcid": "PMC7272216", "title": "Acute Respiratory Decompensation Requiring Intubation in Pregnant Women with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "AJP Rep", "authors": ["Silverstein, Jenna S", "Limaye, Meghana A", "Brubaker, Sara G", "Roman, Ashley S", "Bautista, Judita", "Chervenak, Judith", "Ratner, Adam J", "Sommer, Philip M", "Roselli, Nicole M", "Gibson, Charlisa D", "Ellenberg, David", "Penfield, Christina A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509416", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a current paucity of information about the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnant novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in North America. Data from China suggest that pregnant women with COVID-19 have favorable maternal and neonatal outcomes, with rare cases of critical illness or respiratory compromise. However, we report two cases of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 in the late preterm period admitted to tertiary care hospitals in New York City for respiratory indications. After presenting with mild symptoms, both quickly developed worsening respiratory distress requiring intubation, and both delivered preterm via caesarean delivery. These cases highlight the potential for rapid respiratory decompensation in pregnant COVID-19 patients and the maternal-fetal considerations in managing these cases."}, {"pmid": 32332027, "title": "Administration of end-of-life drugs by family caregivers during covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bowers, Ben", "Pollock, Kristian", "Barclay, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332027", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527343, "title": "[Analysis of gastrointestinal symptoms in 80 patients with coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Zhang, Lei", "Mei, Qing", "Li, Lei", "Ye, Chongyang", "Huang, Yao", "Wang, Yinzhong", "Tong, Fei", "Gao, Yu", "Pan, Aijun"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527343", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the clinical characteristics of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the whole disease process, and provide reference for etiological diagnosis and treatment. The clinical data of patients with COVID-19 admitted in the Infectious Diseases Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from January 22nd, 2020 to March 8th, 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. According to whether there were gastrointestinal symptoms (poor appetite, nausea/vomiting and diarrhea), all patients were divided into gastrointestinal symptom group and asymptomatic group. The characteristics of gastrointestinal symptoms, such as poor appetite, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea were counted and analyzed, and the correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and gender, age, basic diseases, disease severity, laboratory examination and drug treatment were analyzed. A total of 80 COVID-19 patients were involved, 43 cases (53.8%) presented with poor appetite, 17 cases (21.3%) had nausea and vomiting, and 33 cases (41.3%) had diarrhea. Among them, 5 cases, 1 case and 4 cases respectively preformed poor appetite, nausea/vomiting and diarrhea before admission, while the others experienced gastrointestinal symptoms within 48 hours after admission. Duration of poor appetite, nausea/vomiting and diarrhea (days) of all patients were 5.3\u00b12.1, 2.2\u00b11.0 and 1.4\u00b10.9, respectively. The patients with poor appetite were older than those without symptoms (years old: 48.2\u00b117.6 vs. 39.3\u00b115.1), albumin (Alb) level and the lymphocytes ratio were lower than those in asymptomatic group [Alb (g/L): 39.8 (35.7, 45.1) vs. 46.1 (42.6, 49.4), lymphocytes ratio: 0.19 (0.09, 0.28) vs. 0.28 (0.17, 0.35)], while the neutrophil ratio, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were higher than those in asymptomatic group [the neutrophil ratio: 0.74 (0.61, 0.85) vs. 0.64 (0.52, 0.76), CRP (mg/L): 21.4 (3.9, 52.9) vs. 5.6 (2.4, 14.0), D-dimer (mg/L): 0.2 (0.2, 0.5) vs. 0.2 (0.1, 0.3), LDH (\u03bcmol\u00d7s-1\u00d7L-1): 4.49 (3.59, 5.19) vs. 3.12 (2.77, 4.90)]; at the same time, more traditional Chinese medicine was used in the patients with gastrointestinal symptoms [65.1% (28/43) vs. 40.5% (15/37), all P < 0.05]. In addition, 14 cases of 18 patients with cardiovascular diseases presented with poor appetite, 7 patients had nausea and vomiting symptoms. All of the 3 patients with chronic kidney disease presented with poor appetite, nausea and vomiting, and 2 of them had diarrhea. The gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19 are common. Whether it is caused by the virus or related drugs, diet and mental conditions, clinicians should analyze the causes of these symptoms timely, and then provide a better treatment for patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32355556, "pmcid": "PMC7180007", "title": "Impact of coronavirus outbreak on psychological health.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Khan, Suliman", "Siddique, Rabeea", "Li, Hongmin", "Ali, Ashaq", "Shereen, Muhammad Adnan", "Bashir, Nadia", "Xue, Mengzhou"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355556", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474657, "pmcid": "PMC7260459", "title": "COVID-19-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM).", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Parsons, Timothy", "Banks, Sarah", "Bae, Chay", "Gelber, Joel", "Alahmadi, Hussein", "Tichauer, Matthew"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474657", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 51-year-old woman with COVID-19 infection developed coma and an impaired oculocephalic response to one side. MRI of the brain demonstrated acute multifocal demyelinating lesions, and CSF testing did not identify a direct cerebral infection. High-dose steroids followed by a course of IVIG was administered, and the patient regained consciousness over the course of several weeks. As more patients reach the weeks after initial infection with COVID-19, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis should be considered a potentially treatable cause of profound encephalopathy or multifocal neurological deficits."}, {"pmid": 32193299, "title": "Countries test tactics in 'war' against COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon", "Kupferschmidt, Kai"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193299", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32187458, "pmcid": "PMC7121177", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Lu, Xiaoxia", "Zhang, Liqiong", "Du, Hui", "Zhang, Jingjing", "Li, Yuan Y", "Qu, Jingyu", "Zhang, Wenxin", "Wang, Youjie", "Bao, Shuangshuang", "Li, Ying", "Wu, Chuansha", "Liu, Hongxiu", "Liu, Di", "Shao, Jianbo", "Peng, Xuehua", "Yang, Yonghong", "Liu, Zhisheng", "Xiang, Yun", "Zhang, Furong", "Silva, Rona M", "Pinkerton, Kent E", "Shen, Kunling", "Xiao, Han", "Xu, Shunqing", "Wong, Gary W K"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187458", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232652, "pmcid": "PMC7104422", "title": "Clinical and Transmission Characteristics of Covid-19 - A Retrospective Study of 25 Cases from a Single Thoracic Surgery Department.", "journal": "Curr Med Sci", "authors": ["Li, Yang-Kai", "Peng, Shu", "Li, Le-Qun", "Wang, Qi", "Ping, Wei", "Zhang, Ni", "Fu, Xiang-Ning"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232652", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19) imposes a major challenge in managing patients undergoing surgical operation. In this study, we analyzed clinical and transmission features of 25 cases of Covid-19 from a single thoracic department, including 13 patients and 12 health care staff. There were 13 males and 12 females. The median age of the patients was 61 (range: 51 to 69) years. The median age of the health care staff was 35 (range: 22 to 51) years. By the end of follow-up date (Mar. 3, 2020), there were 16 non-severe cases (64%) and 9 severe cases (36%), 5 cases were dead (20%). Nineteen (76%) of the infected cases were confirmed by SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test, the rest were clinically diagnosed as suspected Covid-19 cases, and 19 (76%) of the infected cases had positive exposure history. We found that COPD was significantly associated with severity and death (P=0.040, and P=0.038, respectively), and chest operation was significantly associated with death for Covid-19 patients (P=0.039). A potential \"super spreader\" may be the source of the transmission before the implementation of quarantine and comprehensive protection. It was concluded that Covid-19 is associated with poor prognosis for patients undergoing thoracic operation, especially for those with COPD. Implementation of comprehensive protective measures is important to control nosocomial infection."}, {"pmid": 32470350, "pmcid": "PMC7250097", "title": "Commentary: Myths and facts on vitamin D amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Chakhtoura, M", "Napoli, N", "El Hajj Fuleihan, G"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470350", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329978, "title": "A retrospective study of risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in hospitalized adult patients.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Yao, Qingchun", "Wang, Peng", "Wang, Xingguang", "Qie, Guoqiang", "Meng, Mei", "Tong, Xiwen", "Bai, Xue", "Ding, Min", "Liu, Weiming", "Liu, Keke", "Chu, Yufeng"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329978", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201119) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2011CoV\u20112) infection spread worldwide. The aim of the study was to identify the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with severe incidence of SARS \u2011CoV\u20112 infection. All adult patients (median [IQR] age, 52 [37-58] years) consecutively admitted to the Dabieshan Medical Center from January 30, 2020 to February 11, 2020 were collected and reviewed. Only patients diagnosed with COVID\u201119\u00a0 according to the World Health Organization interim guidance were included in this retrospective cohort study. A total of 108 patients with COVID\u201119 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty\u2011five patients (23.1%) developed severe disease, and of those 12 patients (48%) died. Advanced age, comorbidities (most commonly hypertension), higher blood leukocyte count, neutrophil count, higher C\u2011reactive protein level, D\u2011dimer level, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were associated with greater risk of COVID\u201119, and so were lower lymphocyte count and albumin level. Multivariable regress ion showed increasing odds of severe COVID\u201119 associated with higher SOFA score (odds ratio [OR], 2.45; 95% CI, 1.302-4.608; P = 0.005), and lymphocyte count less than 0.8 \u00d7 109/l (OR, 9.017; 95% CI, 2.808-28.857; P <0.001) on admission. Higher SOFA score (OR, 2.402; 95% CI, 1.313-4.395; P = 0.004) on admission was identified as risk factor for in\u2011hospital death. Lymphocytopenia and a higher SOFA score on admission could help clinicians to identify patients at high risk for developing severe COVID\u201119. More related studies are needed in the future."}, {"pmid": 32283513, "pmcid": "PMC7139240", "title": "Psychiatrist in post-COVID-19 era - Are we prepared?", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Das, Nileswar"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283513", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402433, "pmcid": "PMC7200359", "title": "Child with liver transplant recovers from COVID-19 infection. A case report.", "journal": "Arch Pediatr", "authors": ["Morand, Aurelie", "Roquelaure, Bertrand", "Colson, Philippe", "Amrane, Sophie", "Bosdure, Emmanuelle", "Raoult, Didier", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "Fabre, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402433", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present the case of a 55-month-old girl who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection 5 months after undergoing liver transplantation; she had a co-infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a COVID-19 infection in a pediatric patient with liver transplantation. Additionally, this is also the first report of confirmed co-infection between COVID-19 and EBV. On the basis of this case, we suggest that liver transplantation is not associated with COVID-19 symptom severity and development. Moreover, COVID-19 and EBV co-infections do not seem to aggravate the clinical outcome."}, {"pmid": 32217607, "title": "Covid-19: what treatments are being investigated?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217607", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452947, "title": "Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Patients: Early Experience From a Major Academic Medical Center in North America.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Osho, Asishana A", "Moonsamy, Philicia", "Hibbert, Kathryn A", "Shelton, Kenneth T", "Trahanas, John M", "Attia, Rizwan Q", "Bloom, Jordan P", "Onwugbufor, Michael T", "D'Alessandro, David A", "Villavicencio, Mauricio A", "Sundt, Thoralf M", "Crowley, Jerome C", "Raz, Yuval", "Funamoto, Masaki"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452947", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "VV ECMO can be utilized as an advanced therapy in select patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure refractory to traditional critical care management and optimal mechanical ventilation. Anticipating a need for such therapies during the pandemic, our center created a targeted protocol for ECMO therapy in COVID-19 patients that allows us to provide this life-saving therapy to our sickest patients without overburdening already stretched resources or excessively exposing healthcare staff to infection risk. As a major regional referral program, we used the framework of our well-established ECMO service-line to outline specific team structures, modified patient eligibility criteria, cannulation strategies, and management protocols for the COVID-19 ECMO program. During the first month of the COVID-19 outbreak in Massachusetts, 6 patients were placed on VV ECMO for refractory hypoxemic respiratory failure. The median (interquartile range) age was 47 years (43-53) with most patients being male (83%) and obese (67%). All cannulations were performed at the bedside in the intensive care unit in patients who had undergone a trial of rescue therapies for acute respiratory distress syndrome including lung protective ventilation, paralysis, prone positioning, and inhaled nitric oxide. At the time of this report, 83% (5/6) of the patients are still alive with 1 death on ECMO, attributed to hemorrhagic stroke. 67% of patients (4/6) have been successfully decannulated, including 2 that have been successfully extubated and one who was discharged from the hospital. The median duration of VV ECMO therapy for patients who have been decannulated is 12 days (4-18 days). This is 1 the first case series describing VV ECMO outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Our initial data suggest that VV ECMO can be successfully utilized in appropriately selected COVID-19 patients with advanced respiratory failure."}, {"pmid": 32065520, "title": "[First case of neonate infected with novel coronavirus pneumonia in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zeng, L K", "Tao, X W", "Yuan, W H", "Wang, J", "Liu, X", "Liu, Z S"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32065520", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349902, "pmcid": "PMC7151269", "title": "Toward a consensus view in the management of acute facial injuries during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Holmes, Simon", "Bhatti, Nabeel", "Bhandari, Rishi", "Chatzopoulou, Domniki"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349902", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In these unprecedented times, OMFS surgeons are faced with dilemmas over the priority of treatment, safety of staff, safety of patients and the most appropriate use of available resources. Efforts should be made to provide the best evidence-based care, which will mean revisiting old techniques, and risk stratifying patients on a case by case basis. Recent experience from colleagues internationally has shown that even the wealthiest health care infrastructure is at best fragile. We hope this paper will add to the debate and hopefully provide a framework for decision making in OMFS trauma care during this difficult time."}, {"pmid": 32328341, "pmcid": "PMC7176373", "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Assessments and the Importance of Calculating the Probability of Illness.", "journal": "Med Sci Educ", "authors": ["Stovitz, Steven D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328341", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412546, "pmcid": "PMC7221227", "title": "Coronavirus and beyond: empowering social self-organization in urban food systems.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Calori, Andrea", "Federici, Francesca"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412546", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451736, "pmcid": "PMC7247743", "title": "Repurposing Quaternary Ammonium Compounds as Potential Treatments for COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharm Res", "authors": ["Baker, Nancy", "Williams, Antony J", "Tropsha, Alexander", "Ekins, Sean"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451736", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted an important role for drug repurposing. Quaternary ammonium compounds such as ammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium and miramistin represent widely accessible antiseptic molecules with well-known broad-spectrum antiviral activities and represent a repurposing opportunity as therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32209552, "title": "Helen Salisbury: Coronavirus diaries.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Salisbury, Helen"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209552", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330288, "pmcid": "PMC7264776", "title": "Protecting vulnerable patients with inherited anaemias from unnecessary death during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Roy, Noemi B A", "Telfer, Paul", "Eleftheriou, Perla", "de la Fuente, Josu", "Drasar, Emma", "Shah, Farrukh", "Roberts, David", "Atoyebi, Wale", "Trompeter, Sara", "Layton, D Mark", "Lugthart, Sanne", "Stuart-Smith, Sara", "Chakravorty, Subarna", "Wright, Josh", "Porter, John", "Inusa, Baba", "Howard, Jo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the developing COVID-19 pandemic, patients with inherited anaemias require specific advice regarding isolation and changes to usual treatment schedules. The National Haemoglobinopathy Panel (NHP) has issued guidance on the care of patients with sickle cell disease, thalassaemia, Diamond Blackfan anaemia (DBA), congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA), sideroblastic anaemia, pyruvate kinase deficiency and other red cell enzyme and membrane disorders. Cascading of accurate information for clinicians and patients is paramount to preventing adverse outcomes, such as patients who are at increased risk of fulminant bacterial infection due to their condition or its treatment erroneously self-isolating if their fever is mistakenly attributed to a viral cause, delaying potentially life-saving antibiotic therapy. Outpatient visits should be minimised for most patients, however some, such as first transcranial dopplers for children with sickle cell anaemia should not be delayed as known risk of stroke will outweigh the unknown risk from COVID-19 infection. Blood transfusion programmes should be continued, but specific changes to usual clinical pathways can be instituted to reduce risk of patient exposure to COVID-19, as well as contingency planning for possible reductions in blood available for transfusions. Bone marrow transplants for these disorders should be postponed until further notice. With the current lack of evidence on the risk and complications of COVID-19 infection in these patients, national data collection is ongoing to record outcomes and eventually to identify predictors of disease severity, particularly important if further waves of infection travel through the population."}, {"pmid": 32454268, "title": "D-dimer in patients infected with COVID-19 and suspected pulmonary embolism.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Garcia-Olive, Ignasi", "Sintes, Helena", "Radua, Joaquim", "Abad Capa, Jorge", "Rosell, Antoni"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454268", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the risk factors for pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients infected with COVID-19. We conducted an observational, retrospective study. Patients with severe infection with COVID-19 and suspected PE were included. Patients with higher levels of D-dimer and those requiring intubation were at a higher risk of developing PE. Higher D-dimer levels were associated with a greater probability of PE 3, 6, 9 and 12 days after determining D-dimer levels with an OR of 1.7, 2.0, 2.4 and 2.4, respectively. In conclusion, patients infected with COVID-19 requiring OTI with higher levels of D-dimer have an increased risk of developing PE."}, {"pmid": 32503117, "title": "Lassa Fever: Viral Replication, Disease Pathogenesis, and Host Immune Modulations.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Ly, Hinh"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503117", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite major discoveries made in the last few decades about Lassa fever, there are still many unresolved key issues that hamper the development of effective vaccines and therapies against this deadly disease that is endemic in several West African countries. Some of these issues include the lack of a detailed understanding of the viral and participating host factors in completing the virus life cycle, in mediating disease pathogenesis or protection from disease, and in activating or suppressing host innate and cellular immunity against virus infection, as well as of the animal models required for testing vaccines and therapeutics. This Special Issue is devoted to understanding some of these important issues and to exploring the current status of the research and development in combating Lassa fever."}, {"pmid": 32476258, "title": "Clinical Outcomes and Serologic Response in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with COVID-19: A Case Series from the United States.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Fung, Monica", "Chiu, Charles Y", "DeVoe, Catherine", "Doernberg, Sarah B", "Schwartz, Brian S", "Langelier, Charles", "Henrich, Timothy J", "Yokoe, Deborah", "Davis, John", "Hays, Steven R", "Chandran, Sindhu", "Kukreja, Jasleen", "Ng, Dianna", "Prostko, John", "Taylor, Russell", "Reyes, Kevin", "Bainbridge, Emma", "Bond, Allison", "Chin-Hong, Peter", "Babik, Jennifer M"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476258", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused significant morbidity and mortality for patients and stressed healthcare systems worldwide. The clinical features, disease course, and serologic response of COVID-19 among immunosuppressed patients such as solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, who are at presumed risk for more severe disease, are not well characterized. We describe our institutional experience with COVID-19 among ten SOT patients, including the clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and outcomes of seven renal transplant recipients, one liver transplant recipient, one heart transplant recipient, and one lung transplant recipient. In addition, we report the serologic response in SOT recipients, documenting a positive IgG response in all seven hospitalized patients. We also review the existing literature on COVID-19 in SOT recipients to consolidate the current knowledge on COVID-19 in the SOT population for the transplant community."}, {"pmid": 32218613, "pmcid": "PMC7095346", "title": "[Coronavirus disease in children-initial data from Wuhan].", "journal": "Monatsschr Kinderheilkd", "authors": ["Voitl, Peter", "Niehues, Tim"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218613", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414714, "title": "COVID-19: the physician's response in the first phase.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Emmanuel, Anton"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414714", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406402, "pmcid": "PMC7218402", "title": "Emergency preparedness after COVID-19: A review of policy statements for the U.S. water sector.", "journal": "Util Policy", "authors": ["Sowby, Robert B"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406402", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although COVID-19 has impacted water and wastewater utilities in new and profound ways, they must still provide their vital services despite the disruptions. The pandemic brings into focus their need for proactive emergency preparedness. In the United States, professional associations have long advocated in this area and have already developed considerable policy guidance and resources to help water and wastewater utilities prepare for and respond to emergencies. In the midst of the crisis, several U.S. policies are reviewed here. Utilities should reflect on their COVID-19 experience, learn from it, and apply their newfound perspective to strengthen future emergency preparedness."}, {"pmid": 32418804, "pmcid": "PMC7204746", "title": "A deep dive into testing and management of COVID-19 for Australian high performance and professional sport.", "journal": "J Sci Med Sport", "authors": ["Mooney, Mathew", "Perera, Nirmala Kanthi Panagodage", "Broderick, Carolyn", "Saw, Richard", "Wallett, Alice", "Drew, Michael", "Waddington, Gordon", "Hughes, David"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418804", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of testing for any communicable disease is to support clinicians in the diagnosis and management of individual patients and to describe transmission dynamics. The novel coronavirus is formally named SARS-CoV-2 and the clinical disease state resulting from an infection is known as COVID-19. Control of the COVID-19 pandemic requires clinicians, epidemiologists, and public health officials to utilise the most comprehensive, accurate and timely information available to manage the rapidly evolving COVID-19 environment. High performance sport is a unique context that may look towards comprehensive testing as a means of risk mitigation. Characteristics of the common testing options are discussed including the circumstances where additional testing may be of benefit and considerations for the associated risks. Finally, a review of the available technology that could be considered for use by medical staff at the point of care (PoC) in a high-performance sporting context is included."}, {"pmid": 32437659, "pmcid": "PMC7196902", "title": "Trained Immunity: a Tool for Reducing Susceptibility to and the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Netea, Mihai G", "Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J", "Dominguez-Andres, Jorge", "Curtis, Nigel", "van Crevel, Reinout", "van de Veerdonk, Frank L", "Bonten, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437659", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection is mild in the majority of individuals but progresses into severe pneumonia in a small proportion of patients. The increased susceptibility to severe disease in the elderly and individuals with co-morbidities argues for an initial defect in anti-viral host defense mechanisms. Long-term boosting of innate immune responses, also termed \"trained immunity,\" by certain live vaccines (BCG, oral polio vaccine, measles) induces heterologous protection against infections through epigenetic, transcriptional, and functional reprogramming of innate immune cells. We propose that induction of trained immunity by whole-microorganism vaccines may represent an important tool for reducing susceptibility to and severity of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32305341, "pmcid": "PMC7141463", "title": "Surgery and the COVID-19 epidemic: Some additional precautions. Re: \"Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncological surgery during the COVID-19 epidemic\".", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Canis, M", "Bourdel, N", "Botchorishvili, R"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305341", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322766, "pmcid": "PMC7175846", "title": "Achieving a Popliteal Venous Access for RRT in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient in Prone position.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech", "authors": ["Adams, Elliot", "Mousa, Albeir Y"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322766", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This patient is a 67-year-old male who initially presented to our facility with acute respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19. Soon after arrival at our facility, the patient decompensated, developing severe ARDS requiring intubation and prone positioning to maintain adequate oxygenation. Over the next few days, the patient developed acute kidney injury with oliguria and severe volume overload. The vascular surgery service was consulted to obtain central venous access for emergent CRRT. Upon our exam, the patient was sedated and paralyzed in a rotating prone-positioning bed. He could not be positioned supine without immediately becoming hypoxic and decompensating. A 50-cm Permcath was inserted via left popliteal vein. This case report outlines a possible challenging scenario that may encounter vascular interventionist when dealing with COVID-19 patients with respiratory compromise in prone position."}, {"pmid": 32308235, "pmcid": "PMC7144717", "title": "Saint Louis University School of Medicine and Vaccine Center Mobilize for COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Mo Med", "authors": ["Wilmott, Robert W"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308235", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391022, "pmcid": "PMC7194125", "title": "Serological Approaches for COVID-19: Epidemiologic Perspective on Surveillance and Control.", "journal": "Front Immunol", "authors": ["Lee, Cheryl Yi-Pin", "Lin, Raymond T P", "Renia, Laurent", "Ng, Lisa F P"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391022", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has garnered global attention due to its rapid transmission, which has infected more than two million people worldwide. Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the crucial interventions to control virus spread and dissemination. Molecular assays have been the gold standard to directly detect for the presence of viral genetic material in infected individuals. However, insufficient viral RNA at the point of detection may lead to false negative results. As such, it is important to also employ immune-based assays to determine one's exposure to SARS-CoV-2, as well as to assist in the surveillance of individuals with prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Within a span of 4 months, extensive studies have been done to develop serological systems to characterize the antibody profiles, as well as to identify and generate potentially neutralizing antibodies during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The vast diversity of novel findings has added value to coronavirus research, and a strategic consolidation is crucial to encompass the latest advances and developments. This review aims to provide a concise yet extensive collation of current immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2, while discussing the strengths, limitations and applications of antibody detection in SARS-CoV-2 research and control."}, {"pmid": 32484624, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Are There Unique Cutaneous Manifestations in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "J Drugs Dermatol", "authors": ["Wei, Chapman", "Friedman, Adam J"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484624", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459837, "title": "Tobacco Use Patterns in five countries during the COVID-19 Lockdown.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Yach, Derek"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459837", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445287, "title": "From guidance to practice: Promoting risk communication and community engagement for prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in China.", "journal": "J Evid Based Med", "authors": ["Hu, Guangyu", "Qiu, Wuqi"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445287", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Integrating risk communication and community engagement into the national public health emergency response is crucial. Considering the difficulties and challenges faced by China in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and based on interim guidelines from the World Health Organization, this article makes several recommendations addressing the outbreak in China. These include improvements in the internal governmental risk communication systems, enhancing the coordination between internal and partner governmental emergency management, and promoting public communication in response to societal concerns. Regarding these recommendations, we emphasize community engagement in joint prevention and control, confronting uncertainty and countering rumors effectively, and strengthening international cooperation and evidence-based decision making for prevention and control measures."}, {"pmid": 32530491, "title": "Presepsin as a predictive biomarker of severity in COVID-19: a case series.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Fukada, Ai", "Kitagawa, Yutaro", "Matsuoka, Masaru", "Sakai, Jun", "Imai, Kazuo", "Norihito, Tarumoto", "Orihara, Yuta", "Kawamura, Rieko", "Takeuchi, Shinichi", "Maesaki, Shigefumi", "Maeda, Takuya"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530491", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present clear criteria, including respiratory rate, hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2 ), and oxygenation indicator (PaO2 /FiO2 )1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32364762, "title": "At the Heart of the Matter: Unmasking and Addressing COVID-19's Toll on Diverse Populations.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Haynes, Norrisa", "Cooper, Lisa A", "Albert, Michelle A"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364762", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464657, "title": "Racism and the Political Economy of COVID-19: Will We Continue to Resurrect the Past?", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Bailey, Zinzi D", "Moon, J Robin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464657", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is not spreading over a level playing field; structural racism is embedded within the fabric of American culture, infrastructure investments, and public policy, and fundamentally drives inequities. The same racism that has driven the systematic dismantling of the American social safety-net has also created the policy recipe for American structural vulnerability to the impacts of this and other pandemics. The Bronx provides an important case study for investigating the historical roots of structural inequities showcased by this pandemic; current lived experiences of Bronx residents are rooted in the racialized dismantling of New York City's public infrastructure and systematic disinvestment. The story of the Bronx is repeating itself, only this time with a novel virus. In order to address the root causes of inequities in cases and deaths due to COVID-19, we need to focus not just on restarting the economy, but on reimagining the economy, divesting of systems rooted in racism and the devaluation of Black and Brown lives."}, {"pmid": 32426364, "pmcid": "PMC7203551", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine: A Familiar Agent to Combat the Pandemic of COVID-19.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Polymeropoulos, Vasilios M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426364", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32197093, "pmcid": "PMC7270565", "title": "Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Xiao, Yong", "Pan, Hong", "She, Qian", "Wang, Fen", "Chen, Mingkai"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197093", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499091, "pmcid": "PMC7256504", "title": "(Mis-)understanding COVID-19 and digit ratio: Methodological and statistical issues in Manning and Fink (2020).", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Jones, Alex L", "Satchell, Liam P", "Jaeger, Bastian", "Schild, Christoph"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499091", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321369, "title": "Impact of population movement on the spread of 2019-nCoV in China.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Chi", "Chen, Cai", "Shen, Wei", "Tang, Feng", "Lei, Hao", "Xie, Yu", "Cao, Zicheng", "Tang, Kang", "Bai, Junbo", "Xiao, Lehan", "Xu, Yutian", "Song, Yanxin", "Chen, Jiwei", "Guo, Zhihui", "Guo, Yichen", "Wang, Xiao", "Xu, Modi", "Zou, Huachun", "Shu, Yuelong", "Du, Xiangjun"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321369", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since Dec 2019, China has experienced an outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV. A travel ban was implemented for Wuhan, Hubei on Jan 23 to slow down the outbreak. We found a significant positive correlation between population influx from Wuhan and confirmed cases in other cities across China (R2\u2009=\u20090.85, P\u2009<\u20090.001), especially cities in Hubei (R2\u2009=\u20090.88, P\u2009<\u20090.001). Removing the travel restriction would have increased 118% (91%-172%) of the overall cases for the coming week, and a travel ban taken three days or a week earlier would have reduced 47% (26%-58%) and 83% (78%-89%) of the early cases. We would expect a 61% (48%-92%) increase of overall cumulative cases without any restrictions on returning residents, and 11% (8%-16%) increase if the travel ban stays in place for Hubei. Cities from Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Capital Economic Circle regions are at higher risk."}, {"pmid": 32419701, "pmcid": "PMC7225711", "title": "[Necrotizing tracheobronchitis with endotracheal tube obstruction in COVID-19 patients].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Perez Acosta, G", "Santana-Cabrera, L"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419701", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403217, "title": "Hypertension, Thrombosis, Kidney Failure, and Diabetes: Is COVID-19 an Endothelial Disease? A Comprehensive Evaluation of Clinical and Basic Evidence.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Sardu, Celestino", "Gambardella, Jessica", "Morelli, Marco Bruno", "Wang, Xujun", "Marfella, Raffaele", "Santulli, Gaetano"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403217", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The symptoms most commonly reported by patients affected by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) include cough, fever, and shortness of breath. However, other major events usually observed in COVID-19 patients (e.g., high blood pressure, arterial and venous thromboembolism, kidney disease, neurologic disorders, and diabetes mellitus) indicate that the virus is targeting the endothelium, one of the largest organs in the human body. Herein, we report a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of both clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the hypothesis that the endothelium is a key target organ in COVID-19, providing a mechanistic rationale behind its systemic manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32478910, "title": "A survey on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motility and functional investigations in Europe and considerations for recommencing activities in the early recovery phase.", "journal": "Neurogastroenterol Motil", "authors": ["Tack, Jan", "Schol, Jolien", "Geeraerts, Annelies", "Huang, I-Hsuan", "Mori, Hideki", "Scarpellini, Emidio", "Sinonquel, Pieter", "Carbone, Florencia", "Colomier, Esther", "Geysen, Hannelore", "Jandee, Sawangpong", "Moonen, An", "Pannemans, Jasper", "Timmermans, Lien", "Van den Houte, Karen", "Verbeure, Wout", "Wauters, Lucas", "Bisschops, Raf", "Hoffman, Ilse", "Roelandt, Philip", "Rommel, Nathalie", "Simren, Magnus", "Suzuki, Hidekazu", "Tornblom, Hans", "Verbeke, Kristin", "Vanuytsel, Tim"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478910", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, declared by WHO on March 13th 2020, had a major global impact on the health care system and services. In the acute phase, the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the aerodigestive tract limited activities in the gastroenterology clinic and procedures to emergencies only. Motility and function testing was interrupted and as we enter the recovery phase, restarting these procedures requires a safety-focused approach with adequate infection prevention for patients and healthcare professionals. We summarized knowledge on the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the aerodigestive tract and the risk of spread with motility and functional testing. We surveyed 39 European centers documenting how the pandemic affected activities and which measures they are considering for restarting these measurements. We propose recommendations based on current knowledge as applied in our center. Positioning of catheters for gastrointestinal motility tests carries a concern for aerosol-borne infection of health care workers. The risk is low with breath tests. The surveyed centers stopped almost all motility and function tests from the second half of March. The speed of restarting and the safety measures taken varied highly. Based on these findings, we provided recommendations and practical relevant information for motility and function test procedures in the COVID-19 pandemic era, to guarantee a high-quality patient care with adequate infection prevention."}, {"pmid": 32406361, "pmcid": "PMC7261964", "title": "Personal journey and perspective from psychiatric nurse and medical student to intern doctor during COVID-19.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Lynch, D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406361", "countries": ["China", "Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 or 'Coronavirus' has become a global pandemic since its initial report in Wuhan, China, on November 17, 2020. It is highly infectious and poses significant health risks for those in vulnerable populations. This article aims to provide perspective into an Irish experience, through the eyes of a practicing psychiatric nurse, who has recently graduated medical school and intends to work as an intern doctor."}, {"pmid": 32424698, "pmcid": "PMC7232921", "title": "In reply: Making transesophageal echocardiography safer during COVID-19: is there a role for probe protective equipment (pPE)?", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Bracco, David"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424698", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427640, "pmcid": "PMC7248876", "title": "Lessons From COVID-19 on the Stepwise Development of Interventions.", "journal": "J Neurol Phys Ther", "authors": ["Field-Fote, Edelle Edee"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427640", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479632, "title": "Characteristics of Hospitalized Pediatric COVID-19 Cases - Chicago, Illinois, March - April 2020.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Mannheim, Jonathan", "Gretsch, Stephanie", "Layden, Jennifer E", "Fricchione, Marielle J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479632", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, no report on COVID-19 pediatric patients in a large urban center with data on underlying comorbidities and co-infection for hospitalized cases has been published. Case series of Chicago COVID-19 patients aged 0-17 years reported to Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) from 3/5/20-4/8/20. Enhanced case investigation performed. Chi-square and Wilcoxon two-sample tests to compare characteristics among hospitalized and non-hospitalized cases. During March 5-April 8, 2020, 6369 lab-confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported to CDPH; 64 (1.0%) were among children 0-17 years. Ten patients (16%) were hospitalized, seven (70%) required intensive care (ICU); median length of hospitalization 4 days (range: 1-14). Reported fever and dyspnea were significantly higher in hospitalized patients compared to non-hospitalized patients (9/10 vs. 28/54, p = 0.04 and 7/10 vs. 10/54, p = 0.002, respectively). Hospitalized patients were significantly younger than non-hospitalized patients (median, 3.5 years vs. 12 years; p = 0.03) and all either had an underlying comorbidity or co-infection. Among the 34 unique households with multiple laboratory-confirmed infections, median number of laboratory-confirmed infections was 2 (range: 2-5), and 31 (91%) households had at least one COVID-19 infected adult. For 15 households with available data to assess transmission, 11 (73%) were adult-to-child, 2 (13%) child-to-child, and 2 (13%) child-to-adult. Enhanced case investigation of hospitalized patients revealed that underlying comorbidities and co-infection might have contributed to severe disease. Given frequency of household transmission, healthcare providers should consider alternative dispositional planning for affected families of children living with comorbidities."}, {"pmid": 32470213, "title": "All those D-dimers in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Thachil, Jecko"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470213", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One of the most consistent abnormal haemostatic laboratory markers in COVID-19 is raised D-dimers. Increased D-dimers have also been observed in several studies published in the Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis to have prognostic implications.1,2 But some of the perplexing questions in this regard are what may be the reasons for such marked elevation in D-dimers and may it have any 'useful' purpose apart from prognostication?"}, {"pmid": 32491297, "title": "COVID-19 mortality rates in the European Union, Switzerland, and the UK: effect of timeliness, lockdown rigidity, and population density.", "journal": "Minerva Med", "authors": ["Gerli, Alberto G", "Centanni, Stefano", "Miozzo, Monica R", "Virchow, J Christian", "Sotgiu, Giovanni", "Canonica, G Walter", "Soriano, Joan B"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491297", "countries": ["Italy", "Germany", "Switzerland", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date the European experience with COVID-19 mortality has been different to the observed in China and Asia. We aimed to forecast mortality trends in the 27 countries of the European Union (EU), plus Switzerland and the United Kingdom (UK), where lockdown dates and confinement interventions have been heterogeneous, and to explore its determinants. We have adapted our predictive model of COVID-19-related mortality, which rested on the observed mortality within the first weeks of the outbreak and the date of the respective lockdown in each country. It was applied in a training set of three countries (Italy, Germany and Spain), and then applied to the EU plus the UK and Switzerland. In addition, we explored the effects of timeliness and rigidity of the lockdown (on a five-step scale) and population density in our forecasts. We report r2, and percent variation of expected versus observed deaths, all following TRIPOD guidance. We identified a homogeneous distribution of deaths, and found a median of 24 days after lockdown adoption to reach the maximum daily deaths. Strikingly, cumulative deaths up to April 25th, 2020 observed in Europe separated countries in three waves, according to the time lockdown measures were adopted following the onset of the outbreak: after a week, within a week, or even prior to the outbreak (r2=0.876). In contrast, no correlation neither with lockdown rigidity nor population density were observed. The European experience confirms that early, effective interventions of 86 lockdown are fundamental to minimizing the COVID-19 death toll."}, {"pmid": 32391518, "pmcid": "PMC7205635", "title": "Detection of SARS-COV-2 in Placental and Fetal Membrane Samples.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Penfield, Christina A", "Brubaker, Sara G", "Limaye, Meghana A", "Lighter, Jennifer", "Ratner, Adam J", "Thomas, Kristen M", "Meyer, Jessica", "Roman, Ashley S"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391518", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first reports of the emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its associated disease (COVID-19), concerns remain about whether the virus is transmissible in pregnant women from the mother to the fetus during either the antepartum period or the process of labor and delivery. One recent review reported that in a small number of cases, two PCR swabs of the placenta were sent in additional to neonatal and cord blood testing, and both placental PCR swabs were negative.1 Other studies have demonstrated the finding of SARS-CoV2 IgM in neonates born to mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 during pregnancy,2,3 findings that may indicate vertical transmission of the virus in utero. We report our experience with placental/membrane SARS-CoV2 RNA PCR swab results after delivery to a series of symptomatic mothers with confirmed COVID-19 infection in pregnancy. IRB approval was obtained. All pregnant patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who gave birth between March 1, 2020 and April 20, 2020 at NYU Langone Health were identified by a search of the electronic medical record. Charts were reviewed for documentation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA RT-PCR testing sent from either the placenta or membranes within 30 minutes following delivery. PCR testing for SARS-COV-2 was performed using the cobas SARS-CoV-2 assay (Roche) or the Cepheid Xpert Xpress assay. Placental swabs were obtained from the amniotic surface after clearing the surface of maternal blood (placental PCR). Membrane swabs were obtained from between the amnion and chorion after manual separation of the membranes (membrane PCR). Maternal COVID-19 illness was categorized as mild, severe, or critical.4 The time interval from maternal diagnosis of COVID-19 to delivery was calculated in days. Infants were tested with nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 PCR between days of life 1 and 5 while hospitalized. Hospitalized infants were also assessed for clinical signs and symptoms, including fever, cough, and nasal congestion. Of 32 COVID-19 positive pregnant patients who gave birth in this timeframe, placental or membrane swabs were sent from 11 patients (Table). Three of 11 swabs were positive. None of the infants tested positive for SARS-CoV2 on days of life 1 through 5, and none demonstrated symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Of 11 placental or membrane swabs sent following delivery, 3 swabs were positive for SARS-CoV-2, all in women with moderate to severe COVID-19 illness at time of delivery. This is the first study to demonstrate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in placental or membrane samples. While there were no clinical signs of vertical transmission, our findings raise the possibility of intrapartum viral exposure. Given the mixing of maternal and fetal fluid and tissue at time of delivery, the origin of the detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in our series is unclear. It may represent contamination from maternal blood, amniotic fluid, or COVID-19 infection of the membranes and amniotic sac. For those infants who were delivered vaginally, contamination with vaginal secretions is also a possible source, although prior studies on vaginal secretions have failed to demonstrate the presence of COVID-19.5,6Although all of our neonates tested negative in the first 5 days of life, many were born via cesarean deliveries with decreased length of exposure to these tissues, which may be associated with a decreased likelihood of vertical transmission. Additionally, nasopharyngeal testing immediately after delivery may not be the ideal approach to evaluate vertical transmission if exposure occurs at the time of delivery, as the virus may require a longer incubation period before these swabs convert to positive. In summary, the presence of viral RNA by RT-PCR in placenta/membranes at the time of delivery suggests the need for further research into the possibility of vertical transmission."}, {"pmid": 32240751, "pmcid": "PMC7270779", "title": "Applying Palliative Care Principles to Communicate With Children About COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Weaver, Meaghann S", "Wiener, Lori"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Children are seeing rapid changes to their routines and facing an unpredictable future. Palliative care teams may consider expanding their communication training and skill sets to help families consider caring ways to communicate with their children and grandchildren about the coronavirus. Palliative care teams are wise to encourage families to ground their communication with children on key values: honesty and trust, self-compassion, safety, sensitivity, connection, preparedness, community building, recognition of death as a part of the life cycle, and legacy."}, {"pmid": 32319878, "pmcid": "PMC7231663", "title": "Borderless collaboration is needed for COVID-19-A disease that knows no borders.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mohamed, Kawthar", "Rodriguez-Roman, Eduardo", "Rahmani, Farzaneh", "Zhang, Hongbo", "Ivanovska, Mariya", "Makka, Sara A", "Joya, Musa", "Makuku, Rangarirai", "Islam, Md Shahidul", "Radwan, Nesrine", "Rahmah, Laila", "Goda, Rayan", "Abarikwu, Sunny O", "Shaw, Mujtaba", "Zoghi, Samaneh", "Irtsyan, Sevan", "Ling, Irene", "Cseprekal, Orsolya", "Faten, Attig-Bahar", "Hazar Sayar, Esra", "Soloukey, Chagajeg", "Grancini, Giulia", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504371, "pmcid": "PMC7274938", "title": "Gastric Occlusion due to the Intragastric Balloon Displacement in the Era of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Pandemic, Operative Management: a Case Report.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Sarro, Giuliano Riccardo", "Ceccarossi, Virginia", "Arborio, Elisa", "Bindi, Marco", "Tripodi, Vincenzo", "Rivolta, Umberto", "Ursini, Giuseppe", "Marconi, Matteo"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504371", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311865, "title": "Prevention of exposure and dispersion of COVID-19 using air purifiers: challenges and concerns.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "authors": ["Ham, Seunghon"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311865", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 is now a pandemic. The Korean government has declared the highest infectious-disease alert as a 'red' and the World Health Organization (WHO) has announced the highest level (Phase 6). Control of COVID-19 is an unprecedented worldwide public health problem that governments and individuals must overcome. Recently, infection cluster occurred in a call center located in Seoul. The Ministry of Employment and Labor has decided to support call center companies use the cost of installing partitions, air purifiers, hand sanitizers and masks to prevent droplet and aerosol infections. Air purifiers are expected to be installed on the floor and exhaust stayed on the higher level such as desk or breathing zone of worker. When a worker coughs or releases droplets near a colleague's respiratory system, the droplets can spread throughout the call center space through the air flow. If there is only one infected person, there is a chance that the infection cluster will increase. Installation of air purifiers may cause new problems, so the control to prevent infection should not lead to a new infection. Therefore, using the air purifier to control the COVID-19 should be approached with caution."}, {"pmid": 32499903, "pmcid": "PMC7254432", "title": "2020PMD, 30-years of Translational Mobility Medicine at the time of COVID-19 outbreak: Last-minute forewords from the editor.", "journal": "Eur J Transl Myol", "authors": ["Carraro, Ugo"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499903", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the autumn of 2019, the organizers of the 2020 Padua Muscle Days planned an intense program, which was to be held from March 18 to March 21, 2020. The program included eight Scientific Sessions to occur over three full days at either Padova University or the Hotel Augustus on Euganei Hills (Padova), Italy. Abruptly, however, in early January the Coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak started in China and changed the world perspectives and expectations. In Italy, it started in Lombardy and Veneto, two main industrial areas of the country with intense connections and interchanges of people and commercial activities with China. Indeed, the virus was first isolated from a couple of Chinese tourists, who inadvertently incubated the infection during their visit to many towns in Italy. Within the following two weeks, the epidemic had the first Italian cases and victims in an area south of Milan and in a Village of the Euganei Hills (Vo Euganeo, Padova). The village was immediately quarantined, but it was too late. The virus had escaped the area. Thus, it was a mandatory, though difficult decision (made even before the Italian National Government posted rules to be followed to decrease spread of the infection), to post-pone the Padua Muscle Days meeting from 18-21 March, 2020 to 25-28 November, 2020. Luckily, the vast majority of organizers, chairs, speakers, and attendees accepted the decision and have assured their presence in late November, despite the coincidence with the Thanksgiving holiday in the US. Currently, the only changes in the program are the new dates; however, it is difficult to forecast the future. Anyhow, the rationale of the decision to post-pone 2020PMD was reinforced by the actions of many organizers of international events. One of the most recent examples is the March 6, 2020 decision of the leaders of the Experimental Biology Host Societies to cancel Experimental Biology (EB) 2020, set to take place April 4-7 in San Diego, California, USA. All these active civil responses to world dangers are mandatory to avoid those military responses that are easy to start, but provide the worst results. How do we not lose half of the 2020 year? The option is to try to achieve some of the goals of the meeting by long-distance communications. Thus, the Collection of Abstracts will be, as originally planned, e-published in this 30(1) 2020 Issue of the European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM) together with the many EJTM Communications submitted by speakers and attendees of the 2020PMD. We may also start the process that will implement EMMA, the European Mobility Medicine Association, by circulating a proposal and inviting comments."}, {"pmid": 32367615, "title": "Trends and Innovations in Biosensors for COVID-19 Mass Testing.", "journal": "Chembiochem", "authors": ["Santiago, Ibon"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367615", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fast and widespread diagnosis is crucial to fighting against the outbreak of COVID-19. This work surveys the landscape of available and emerging biosensor technologies for COVID-19 testing. Molecular diagnostic assays based on quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction are used in most clinical laboratories. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed testing capacity and motivated the development of fast point-of-care tests and the adoption of isothermal DNA amplification. Antigenic and serological rapid tests based on lateral-flow immunoassays suffer from low sensitivity. Advanced digital systems enhance performance at the expense of speed and the need for large equipment. Emerging technologies, including CRISPR gene-editing tools, benefit from high sensitivity and specificity of molecular diagnostics and the easy use of lateral-flow assays. DNA sequencing and sample pooling strategies are highlighted to bring out the full capacity of the available biosensor technologies and accelerate mass testing."}, {"pmid": 32113509, "pmcid": "PMC7158903", "title": "COVID-19: combining antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatments.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Stebbing, Justin", "Phelan, Anne", "Griffin, Ivan", "Tucker, Catherine", "Oechsle, Olly", "Smith, Dan", "Richardson, Peter"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113509", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239761, "title": "COVID-19 in a designated infectious diseases hospital outside Hubei Province, China.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Cai, Qingxian", "Huang, Deliang", "Ou, Pengcheng", "Yu, Hong", "Zhu, Zhibin", "Xia, Zhang", "Su, Yinan", "Ma, Zhenghua", "Zhang, Yiming", "Li, Zhiwei", "He, Qing", "Liu, Lei", "Fu, Yang", "Chen, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239761", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) patients outside the epicenter of Hubei Province are less understood. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical features of all COVID-2019 cases in the only referral hospital in Shenzhen City, China, from January 11, 2020, to February 6, 2020, and followed until March 6, 2020. Among the 298 confirmed cases, 233 (81.5%) had been to Hubei, while 42 (14%) did not have a clear travel history. Only 218 (73.15%) cases had a fever as the initial symptom. Compared with the nonsevere cases, severe cases were associated with older age, those with underlying diseases, and higher levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Slower clearance of the virus was associated with a higher risk of progression to critical condition. As of March 6, 2020, 268 (89.9%) patients were discharged and the overall case fatality ratio was 1.0%. In a designated hospital outside Hubei Province, COVID-2019 patients could be effectively managed by properly using the existing hospital system. Mortality may be lowered when cases are relatively mild, and there are sufficient medical resources to care and treat the disease."}, {"pmid": 32398877, "title": "The fight to end tuberculosis must not be forgotten in the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Manyazewal, Tsegahun", "Woldeamanuel, Yimtubezinash", "Blumberg, Henry M", "Fekadu, Abebaw", "Marconi, Vincent C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398877", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427186, "pmcid": "PMC7228689", "title": "Pandemic of COVID-19: A lesson for biology and health research.", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427186", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32108352, "pmcid": "PMC7228274", "title": "Clinical trial analysis of 2019-nCoV therapy registered in China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Qi", "Wang, Yakun", "Qi, Changsong", "Shen, Lin", "Li, Jian"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108352", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "So far, there is a lack of effective drugs for the new coronavirus pneumonia. With more and more patients diagnosed, China has carried out more than 100 clinical studies of new coronavirus infection, including antiviral drugs, antimalarial drugs, glucocorticoids, plasma therapy, virus vaccine, and other Western drugs, while Chinese medicine research accounted for half of the studies. Most of the trials were initiated by investigators and the study period would last for 1 to 11 months. The primary endpoints included symptom improvement and virus nucleic acid turning negative, but the optimal endpoint has not been determined. Although the final results of studies will take a long time to complete, the interim research data may provide some help for the current urgent demand for drug treatment. Compared with that of during SARS period in 2003, China has the stronger capability to carry out clinical trials of new drugs in emergency period."}, {"pmid": 32302279, "pmcid": "PMC7234684", "title": "15 Smartphone Apps for Older Adults to Use While in Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Banskota, Swechya", "Healy, Margaret", "Goldberg, Elizabeth M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302279", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The maintenance of well-being, healthcare, and social connection is crucial for older adults (OA) and has become a topic of debate as much of the world faces lockdown during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OAs have been advised to isolate themselves because they are at higher risk for developing serious complications from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Additionally, nursing homes and assisted-living facilities across the country have closed their doors to visitors to protect their residents. Mobile technology such as applications (apps) could provide a valuable tool to help families stay connected, and to help OAs maintain mobility and link them to resources that encourage physical and mental well-being. Apps could address cognitive, visual, and hearing impairments. Our objective was to narratively summarize 15 apps that address physical and cognitive limitations and have the potential to improve OAs' quality of life, especially during social distancing or self-quarantine."}, {"pmid": 32221508, "title": "Tens of thousands of scientists are redeploying to fight coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Viglione, Giuliana"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221508", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428865, "pmcid": "PMC7214279", "title": "Remdesivir in COVID-19: A critical review of pharmacology, pre-clinical and clinical studies.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Singh, Akriti", "Singh, Ritu", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428865", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Remdesivir is a broad spectrum anti-viral drug that has shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2, in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo. In absence of any effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19), remdesivir has been tried for a compassionate use in severe COVID-19. Newer randomized controlled studies that have recently become available, showed a mixed result. We aimed to systematically search the literature to understand the pharmacology and clinical effects of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19. We systematically searched the PubMed, ClinicalTrial.Org and MedRxiv database up till May 5, 2020 using specific key words such as \"Remdesivir\" or 'GS-5734\u2033 AND \"COVID-19\" or \"SARS-CoV-2\" and retrieved all the article published in English language, that have reported the pharmacology and the clinical outcomes of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19. Initial compassionate use of remdesivir has shown a fairly good result, but difficult to quantify, in the absence of control arm. While the very first double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial conducted in Wuhan, did not find any significant benefit compared to the control, the preliminary result of another similar multi-country trial has shown a significant faster time to recovery but without any difference in mortality. Remdesivir has shown a mixed result in patients with COVID-19 with an acceptable side effect. However, jury is still out while awaiting the results from the forthcoming trials."}, {"pmid": 32486608, "title": "Lung ultrasound for pregnant women admitted to ICU for Covid-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Minerva Anestesiol", "authors": ["Giannini, Alberto", "Mantovani, Alessandro", "Vezzoli, Cesare", "Franchini, Diego", "Finazzi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486608", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461285, "title": "Comparison of the Accula SARS-CoV-2 Test with a Laboratory-Developed Assay for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Clinical Nasopharyngeal Specimens.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Hogan, Catherine A", "Garamani, Natasha", "Lee, Andrew S", "Tung, Jack K", "Sahoo, Malaya K", "Huang, ChunHong", "Stevens, Bryan", "Zehnder, James", "Pinsky, Benjamin A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461285", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Several point-of-care (POC) molecular tests have received emergency use authorization (EUA) from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. The test performance characteristics of the Accula (Mesa Biotech) SARS-CoV-2 POC test need to be evaluated to inform its optimal use.Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess test performance of the Accula SARS-CoV-2 test.Study design: The performance of the Accula test was assessed by comparing results of 100 nasopharyngeal swab samples previously characterized by the Stanford Health Care EUA laboratory-developed test (SHC-LDT) targeting the envelope (E) gene. Assay concordance was assessed by overall percent agreement, positive percent agreement (PPA), negative percent agreement (NPA), and Cohen's kappa coefficient.Results: Overall percent agreement between the assays was 84.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 75.3 to 90.6%), PPA was 68.0% (95% CI 53.3 to 80.5%) and the kappa coefficient was 0.68 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.82). Sixteen specimens detected by the SHC-LDT were not detected by the Accula test, and showed low viral load burden with a median cycle threshold value of 37.7. NPA was 100% (95% CI 94.2 to 100%).Conclusion: Compared to the SHC-LDT, the Accula SARS-CoV-2 test showed excellent negative agreement. However, positive agreement was low for samples with low viral load. The false negative rate of the Accula POC test calls for a more thorough evaluation of POC test performance characteristics in clinical settings, and for confirmatory testing in individuals with moderate to high pre-test probability of SARS-CoV-2 who test negative on Accula."}, {"pmid": 32454197, "pmcid": "PMC7245318", "title": "Letter to the Editor Regarding \"Opinion Piece: Microsurgery in COVID-19-Positive Patients\".", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Vincitorio, Francesca", "Cofano, Fabio", "Colzani, Giulia", "Titolo, Paolo", "Lavorato, Andrea", "Battiston, Bruno", "Garbossa, D"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454197", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459372, "title": "COVID-19 and renin-angiotensin system inhibition: role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) - Is there any scientific evidence for controversy?", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Aleksova, A", "Ferro, F", "Gagno, G", "Cappelletto, C", "Santon, D", "Rossi, M", "Ippolito, G", "Zumla, A", "Beltrami, A P", "Sinagra, G"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459372", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers are extensively used worldwide to treat many cardiovascular disorders, where they are effective in reducing both mortality and morbidity. These drugs are known to induce an increased expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 acts as receptor for the novel SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which raising the important issue of possible detrimental effects that RAS blockers could exert on the natural history and pathogenesis of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and associated excessive inflammation, myocarditis and cardiac arrhythmias. We review the current knowledge on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 infection and RAS blockers and suggest a scientific rationale for continuing RAS blockers therapy in patients with COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32439245, "pmcid": "PMC7211642", "title": "Vaginal delivery in a woman infected with SARS-CoV-2 - The first case reported in Portugal.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Polonia-Valente, R", "Moucho, M", "Tavares, M", "Vilan, A", "Montenegro, N", "Rodrigues, T"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439245", "countries": ["Portugal"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393803, "title": "Fast and frugal innovations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Harris, Matthew", "Bhatti, Yasser", "Buckley, Jim", "Sharma, Dhananjaya"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393803", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251638, "pmcid": "PMC7270794", "title": "Baricitinib for COVID-19: a suitable treatment?", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Favalli, Ennio G", "Biggioggero, Martina", "Maioli, Gabriella", "Caporali, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251638", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312715, "title": "Managing COVID-19 symptoms (including at the end of life) in the community: summary of NICE guidelines.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312715", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513410, "title": "A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Gao, Ming", "Yang, Lihui", "Chen, Xuefu", "Deng, Yiyu", "Yang, Shifang", "Xu, Hanyi", "Chen, Zixing", "Gao, Xinglin"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513410", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the world. It is debatable whether asymptomatic COVID-19 virus carriers are contagious. We report here a case of the asymptomatic patient and present clinical characteristics of 455 contacts, which aims to study the infectivity of asymptomatic carriers. 455 contacts who were exposed to the asymptomatic COVID-19 virus carrier became the subjects of our research. They were divided into three groups: 35 patients, 196 family members and 224 hospital staffs. We extracted their epidemiological information, clinical records, auxiliary examination results and therapeutic schedules. The median contact time for patients was four days and that for family members was five days. Cardiovascular disease accounted for 25% among original diseases of patients. Apart from hospital staffs, both patients and family members were isolated medically. During the quarantine, seven patients plus one family member appeared new respiratory symptoms, where fever was the most common one. The blood counts in most contacts were within a normal range. All CT images showed no sign of COVID-19 infection. No severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections was detected in 455 contacts by nucleic acid test. In summary, all the 455 contacts were excluded from SARS-CoV-2 infection and we conclude that the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak."}, {"pmid": 32360326, "title": "Prevalence and fatality rates of COVID-19: What are the reasons for the wide variations worldwide?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A", "Leonardi, Roberto", "Fasoli, Gino", "Rigamonti, Daniele"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360326", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296619, "pmcid": "PMC7146043", "title": "Battle against novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: International commitment to develop worldwide informing campaigns.", "journal": "Health Promot Perspect", "authors": ["Allahverdipour, Hamid"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296619", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387230, "pmcid": "PMC7252082", "title": "When fear and misinformation go viral: Pharmacists' role in deterring medication misinformation during the 'infodemic' surrounding COVID-19.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Erku, Daniel A", "Belachew, Sewunet A", "Abrha, Solomon", "Sinnollareddy, Mahipal", "Thomas, Jackson", "Steadman, Kathryn J", "Tesfaye, Wubshet H"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world has faced an unprecedented challenge when coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged as a pandemic. Millions of people have contracted the virus and a significant number of them lost their lives, resulting in a tremendous social and economic shock across the globe. Amid the growing burden of the pandemic, there are parallel emergencies that need to be simultaneously tackled: the proliferation of fake medicines, fake news and medication misinformation surrounding COVID-19. Pharmacists are key health professionals with the required skills and training to contribute to the fight against these emergencies. Primarily, they can be a relevant source of accurate and reliable information to the public or other fellow health professionals thereby reducing the spread of COVID-19 medication misinformation. This can be achieved by providing accurate and reliable information based on recommendations given by relevant health authorities and professional associations to make sure the community understand the importance of the message and thus minimise the detrimental consequences of the pandemic. This commentary aims to summarise the existing literature in relation to the promising treatments currently under trial, the perils of falsified medications and medicine-related information and the role of pharmacists in taking a leading role in combating these parallel global emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32510672, "title": "Difficulties faced by sexual and gender minorities during Covid 19 crisis.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Hafi, Bishurul", "Uvais, N A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510672", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496587, "title": "Distribution of ACE2, CD147, CD26 and other SARS-CoV-2 associated molecules in tissues and immune cells in health and in asthma, COPD, obesity, hypertension, and COVID-19 risk factors.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Radzikowska, U", "Ding, M", "Tan, G", "Zhakparov, D", "Peng, Y", "Wawrzyniak, P", "Wang, M", "Li, S", "Morita, H", "Altunbulakli, C", "Reiger, M", "Neumann, A U", "Lunjani, N", "Traidl-Hoffmann, C", "Nadeau, K", "O'Mahony, L", "Akdis, C A", "Sokolowska, M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496587", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is accelerating worldwide and novel clinical presentations of COVID-19 are often reported. The range of human cells and tissues targeted by SARS-CoV-2, its potential receptors and associated regulating factors are still largely unknown. The aim of our study was to analyze the expression of known and potential SARS-CoV-2 receptors and related molecules in the extensive collection of primary human cells and tissues from healthy subjects of different age and from patients with risk factors and known comorbidities of COVID-19. We performed RNA sequencing and explored available RNA-Seq databases to study gene expression and co-expression of ACE2, CD147 (BSG), CD26 (DPP4) and their direct and indirect molecular partners in primary human bronchial epithelial cells, bronchial and skin biopsies, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocytes, neutrophils, DCs, NK cells, ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells and plasmablasts. We analyzed the material from healthy children and adults, and from adults in relation to their disease or COVID-19 risk factor status. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were coexpressed at the epithelial sites of the lung and skin, whereas CD147 (BSG), cyclophilins (PPIA and PPIB), CD26 (DPP4) and related molecules were expressed in both, epithelium and in immune cells. We also observed a distinct age-related expression profile of these genes in the PBMCs and T cells from healthy children and adults. Asthma, COPD, hypertension, smoking, obesity, and male gender status generally led to the higher expression of ACE2- and CD147-related genes in the bronchial biopsy, BAL or blood. Additionally, CD147-related genes correlated positively with age and BMI. Interestingly, we also observed higher expression of ACE2- and CD147-related genes in the lesional skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. Our data suggest different receptor repertoire potentially involved in the SARS-CoV-2 infection at the epithelial barriers and in the immune cells. Altered expression of these receptors related with age, gender, obesity and smoking, as well as with the disease status might contribute to COVID-19 morbidity and severity patterns."}, {"pmid": 32015507, "pmcid": "PMC7095418", "title": "A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Zhou, Peng", "Yang, Xing-Lou", "Wang, Xian-Guang", "Hu, Ben", "Zhang, Lei", "Zhang, Wei", "Si, Hao-Rui", "Zhu, Yan", "Li, Bei", "Huang, Chao-Lin", "Chen, Hui-Dong", "Chen, Jing", "Luo, Yun", "Guo, Hua", "Jiang, Ren-Di", "Liu, Mei-Qin", "Chen, Ying", "Shen, Xu-Rui", "Wang, Xi", "Zheng, Xiao-Shuang", "Zhao, Kai", "Chen, Quan-Jiao", "Deng, Fei", "Liu, Lin-Lin", "Yan, Bing", "Zhan, Fa-Xian", "Wang, Yan-Yi", "Xiao, Geng-Fu", "Shi, Zheng-Li"], "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32015507", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 18\u00a0years ago, a large number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) have been discovered in their natural reservoir host, bats1-4. Previous studies have shown that some bat SARSr-CoVs have the potential to infect humans5-7. Here we report the identification and characterization of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans in Wuhan, China. The epidemic, which started on 12 December 2019, had caused 2,794 laboratory-confirmed infections including 80 deaths by 26 January 2020. Full-length genome sequences were obtained from five patients at an early stage of the outbreak. The sequences are almost identical and share 79.6% sequence identity to SARS-CoV. Furthermore, we show that 2019-nCoV is 96% identical at the whole-genome level to a bat coronavirus. Pairwise protein sequence analysis of seven conserved non-structural proteins domains show that this virus belongs to the species of SARSr-CoV. In addition, 2019-nCoV virus isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a critically ill patient could be neutralized by sera from several patients. Notably, we confirmed that 2019-nCoV uses the same cell entry receptor-angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2)-as SARS-CoV."}, {"pmid": 32313846, "pmcid": "PMC7166020", "title": "Fear in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Sindhu, Kunal K", "Gupta, Vishal"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313846", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352560, "pmcid": "PMC7267433", "title": "Our challenge is to adapt the organization of our system to the six stages of the epidemic to go beyond the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Tuech, J J", "Gangloff, A", "Schwarz, L"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352560", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355008, "title": "COVID-19 shot protects monkeys.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355008", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32070391, "pmcid": "PMC7029610", "title": "Critical care response to a hospital outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection in Shenzhen, China.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Liu, Yong", "Li, Jinxiu", "Feng, Yongwen"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32070391", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319272, "title": "COVID-19 and cardiovascular disorder.", "journal": "Minerva Cardioangiol", "authors": ["Mungmungpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319272", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420607, "title": "The association between severe COVID-19 and low platelet count: evidence from 31 observational studies involving 7613 participants.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Jiang, Shi-Qin", "Huang, Qiu-Fen", "Xie, Wei-Ming", "Lv, Chao", "Quan, Xiao-Qing"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420607", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414966, "title": "In other Covid-19 news.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414966", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396985, "title": "Risk of COVID-19 in young kidney transplant recipients. Results from a single-center observational study.", "journal": "Clin Transplant", "authors": ["Angeletti, Andrea", "Trivelli, Antonella", "Magnasco, Alberto", "Drovandi, Stefania", "Sanguineri, Francesca", "Santaniello, Maria", "Ferrando, Giulia", "Forno, Roberto", "Cipresso, Gaia", "Tripodi, Gino", "Riella, Leonardo V", "Cravedi, Paolo", "Ghiggeri, Gian Marco"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396985", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global public health emergency, recently taken on pandemic proportions, with over 2.7 million confirmed cases worldwide(1). Children/young adults seem to have a less severe clinical manifestation of COVID-19 (2), but data on disease susceptibility in pediatric transplant recipients on chronic immunosuppressive therapy are limited (3, 4). This poses major uncertainties regarding pediatric transplant activity and management of anti-rejection therapy."}, {"pmid": 32520158, "title": "Recommendations for radiotherapy during the novel coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)", "authors": ["Starling, Maria Thereza Mansur", "Silva, Alice Roxo Nobre de Souza E", "Pereira, Ana Paula Alves", "Ferreira Neto, David Rodrigues", "Restini, Felipe Cicci Farinha", "Brito, Leticia Hernandes de", "Souza, Tomas Yokoo Teodoro de", "Hanna, Samir Abdallah"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520158", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387093, "pmcid": "PMC7199694", "title": "Distinct changes in the real-time PCR detectability of certain SARS-CoV-2 target sequences.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Zoka, Andras", "Beko, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387093", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436114, "pmcid": "PMC7239349", "title": "Increased lung signal as a hint of COVID-19 infection on Tc-99m-sestamibi myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.", "journal": "J Nucl Cardiol", "authors": ["Delabie, Pierre", "Hyafil, Fabien"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436114", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420011, "pmcid": "PMC7224640", "title": "Knowledge regarding COVID-19 pandemic in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS): A report from Iran.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Sahraian, Mohammad Ali", "Gheini, Mohammad Reza", "Rezaeimanesh, Nasim", "Ghajarzadeh, Mahsa", "Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420011", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390307, "pmcid": "PMC7262019", "title": "Practical tips for using masks in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Yu, Nianzhou", "Xiao, Yi", "Su, Juan", "Huang, Kai", "Zhao, Shuang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390307", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466994, "pmcid": "PMC7192111", "title": "Potential risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection on reproductive health.", "journal": "Reprod Biomed Online", "authors": ["Li, Rong", "Yin, Tailang", "Fang, Fang", "Li, Qin", "Chen, Jiao", "Wang, Yixin", "Hao, Yongxiu", "Wu, Gengxiang", "Duan, Peng", "Wang, Yuanyuan", "Cheng, Dan", "Zhou, Qi", "Zafar, Mohammad Ishraq", "Xiong, Chengliang", "Li, Honggang", "Yang, Jing", "Qiao, Jie"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466994", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a major pandemic threat worldwide. Such a public health emergency can greatly impact various aspects of people's health and lives. This paper focuses on its potential risks for reproductive health, including the reproductive system and its functioning, as well as gamete and embryo development, which could be affected by the virus itself, drug treatments, chemical disinfectants and psychological effects related to panic during the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32425303, "pmcid": "PMC7229719", "title": "Bioactive compounds with possible inhibitory activity of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-II; a gate to manage and prevent COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Dabaghian, Farid", "Khanavi, Mahnaz", "Zarshenas, Mohammad M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425303", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423896, "title": "Covid-19: Surveys indicate low infection level in community.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423896", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515371, "title": "Social distancing: A non-pharmacological intervention for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Mal, Piryani Rano", "Suneel, Piryani", "Shomeeta, Piryani"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515371", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social distancing is one of the non-pharmacological measures to contain the infection of COVID-19. At this point in time, no vaccine is available to prevent the infection, no effective drugs are available to prevent and treat the disease, and none of the communities have acquired herd immunity. Various models have shown positive impact of social distancing, provided its implementation on vast majority of the population over a long period of time. Its effect is manifold. Besides flattening the curve, it impacts the political, fiscal, social, economic aspects of the society, along with socially vulnerable and economically underprivileged population. It becomes obsolete after the population develops herd immunity subsequent to widespread infection in the community, or after effective mass immunisation or specific drugs for its control, cure and prevention are available widely."}, {"pmid": 32442941, "title": "[Hydroxychloroquine. Cardiology's viewpoint in times of coronavirus pandemic].", "journal": "Medicina (B Aires)", "authors": ["Zaidel, Ezequiel J", "Wyss Quintana, Fernando S", "Sosa Liprandi, Alvaro", "Mendoza, Ivan", "Marquez, Manlio F", "Nunez, Elaine", "Barbosa, Marcia", "Baranchuk, Adrian"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442941", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a wide number of compounds are under scrutiny regarding their antiviral activity, one of them being hydroxychloroquine. Cardiac aspects of the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are reviewed in this manuscript. A non-systematic review of the medical literature was performed. Information about their safety and efficacy as antimalarials, antivirals, as well as in the long-term treatment of rheumatic diseases was collected. We found an anti-inflammatory effect with reduction of longterm cardiovascular events, a very infrequent heart disease due to a lysosomal effect of the drug, and at the hemodynamic level hypotension, tachycardia, and QT interval prolongation, exacerbated when combined with azithromycin. However, the rate of adverse cardiac events of hydroxychloroquine (and chloroquine) was low."}, {"pmid": 32433168, "pmcid": "PMC7268833", "title": "A Case of Coronavirus Infection Incidentally Found on FDG PET/CT Scan.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Doroudinia, Abtin", "Tavakoli, Mehrdad"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433168", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a highly suspicious case of COVID-19 infection, incidentally found on F-FDG PET/CT images. Patient was scanned on February, 25, 2020, when COVID-19 outbreak was unrecognized in our country. She admitted having recent occasional dry cough and fever. A retrospective review of her clinical and laboratory data was strongly suggestive for diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. PET/CT images demonstrated hypermetabolic diffuse ground glass opacities in both lungs with bilateral nodules. There was no evidence of pleural effusion or prominent mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy. Radiologists must be aware of COVID-19 presentations on PET/CT scan images during COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32492559, "pmcid": "PMC7236705", "title": "May COVID-19 outbreaks lead to a worsening of skin chronic inflammatory conditions?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Marasca, Claudio", "Ruggiero, Angelo", "Napolitano, Maddalena", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Megna, Matteo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492559", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel betaCoronavirus has raised serious concerns due to the virus rapid dissemination worldwide. Many areas throughout the world are now experiencing the COVID 19 outbreaks with government and policy authorities taking many aggressive isolation or restriction measures, drastically reducing also patient's visits and limiting only to the most urgent ones such as oncological visits or emergencies. Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between increased weight, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and inflammatory skin diseases. Furthermore, weight loss interventions have been shown to improve psoriasis, as well as hidradenitis suppurativa, and increase responsiveness to treatment of this conditions. We suppose that due to aggressive isolation or restriction measures, in the next future dermatologist will face with a common worsening of chronic skin inflammatory conditions due to reduced physical activities, increased intake of calories with the derived increase body weight and always more frequent treatment discontinuation. It is time to start potential preventive strategies which could limit the expected negative impact of COVID-19 related quarantine on skin diseases."}, {"pmid": 32392669, "title": "Guidelines for control and prevention of COVID-19 in surgical and anesthetic settings.", "journal": "Korean J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Kim, Hyun Joo", "Ko, Justin Sangwook", "Seo, Hyungseok", "Kim, Tae-Yop"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392669", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334945, "pmcid": "PMC7152866", "title": "Donor organ evaluation in the era of coronavirus disease 2019: A case of nosocomial infection.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Patel, Krishan J", "Kao, Tina", "Geft, Dael", "Czer, Lawrence", "Esmailian, Fardad", "Kobashigawa, Jon A", "Patel, Jignesh K"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334945", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251546, "title": "Triage considerations for patients referred for structural heart disease intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic: An ACC/SCAI position statement.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Shah, Pinak B", "Welt, Frederick G P", "Mahmud, Ehtisham", "Phillips, Alistair", "Kleiman, Neal S", "Young, Michael N", "Sherwood, Matthew", "Batchelor, Wayne", "Wang, Dee Dee", "Davidson, Laura", "Wyman, Janet", "Kadavath, Sabeeda", "Szerlip, Molly", "Hermiller, James", "Fullerton, David", "Anwaruddin, Saif"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251546", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has strained health care resources around the world, causing many institutions to curtail or stop elective procedures. This has resulted in an inability to care for patients with valvular and structural heart disease in a timely fashion, potentially placing these patients at increased risk for adverse cardiovascular complications, including CHF and death. The effective triage of these patients has become challenging in the current environment, as clinicians have had to weigh the risk of bringing susceptible patients into the hospital environment during the COVID-19 pandemic against the risk of delaying a needed procedure. In this document, the authors suggest guidelines for how to triage patients in need of structural heart disease interventions and provide a framework for how to decide when it may be appropriate to proceed with intervention despite the ongoing pandemic. In particular, the authors address the triage of patients in need of transcatheter aortic valve replacement and percutaneous mitral valve repair. The authors also address procedural issues and considerations for the function of structural heart disease teams during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32425210, "pmcid": "PMC7231733", "title": "[COVID-19 impact on the cancer care structuration: example of the multidisciplinary team meeting dedicated to oncology in Occitanie].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Grosclaude, Pascale", "Azria, David", "Guimbaud, Rosine", "Thibault, Severine", "Daubisse, Laetitia", "Cartron, Guillaume", "Renaudie, Marie-Jose", "Dalbies, Pierre-Adrien", "Delord, Jean-Pierre", "Bauvin, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425210", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This work examines the impact of the SARS-CoV2 epidemic and the organizational recommendations that have been issued since March 16 on tumor boards (TB) activity. The tumor board activity was measured from tumor board sheets extracted from the oncologic electronic file between January 7, 2019 and April 24, 2020. The pre-containment activity was compared to the activity of the containment periods but also to the equivalent periods in 2019. The number of meetings held, the average number of files reviewed per meeting including first presentations and the average number of physicians' attendance were the evaluation criteria. The study covered 191 TB that held 3,943 multidisciplinary team meetings (MTM) and reviewed 72070 files (including 30127 first submissions). There was a moderate decrease of 8\u00a0% in the number of meetings after March 16, 2020. The number of files examined decreased by 23\u00a0% in the following month and even more by 33\u00a0% in the third period. The physicians' number who attended MTM also decreased by 25\u00a0%. The negative impact was higher in the Mediterranean part of the region. This first study of tumor board activity, covering a large region but little affected by the pandemic, shows that its impact on the participation to the MTM has been moderate. In addition, tumor boards have followed the recommendations for optimizing quorum. However, the decrease in average MTM activity, particularly for first submissions, suggests a potential delay in patient management. Complementary qualitative and quantitative works are warranted to estimate the real impact on carcinologic outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32405842, "pmcid": "PMC7220538", "title": "[COVID-19 in older adults - a complex challenge].", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Gosch, Markus", "Singler, Katrin", "Kwetkat, Anja", "Heppner, Hans-Jurgen"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405842", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522515, "title": "The presence and distribution of novel coronavirus in medical environment.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Jiang, Qianli", "Chen, Yinghua", "Dai, Yingchun", "Hu, Guodong"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522515", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500647, "title": "Dermatological Manifestation of Pediatrics Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with COVID-19 in a 3-Year-Old Girl.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Yozgat, Can Yilmaz", "Uzuner, Selcuk", "Duramaz, Burcu Bursal", "Yozgat, Yilmaz", "Erenberk, Ufuk", "Iscan, Akin", "Turel, Ozden"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500647", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221306, "pmcid": "PMC7100515", "title": "Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Ou, Xiuyuan", "Liu, Yan", "Lei, Xiaobo", "Li, Pei", "Mi, Dan", "Ren, Lili", "Guo, Li", "Guo, Ruixuan", "Chen, Ting", "Hu, Jiaxin", "Xiang, Zichun", "Mu, Zhixia", "Chen, Xing", "Chen, Jieyong", "Hu, Keping", "Jin, Qi", "Wang, Jianwei", "Qian, Zhaohui"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221306", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since 2002, beta coronaviruses (CoV) have caused three zoonotic outbreaks, SARS-CoV in 2002-2003, MERS-CoV in 2012, and the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019. However, little is currently known about the biology of SARS-CoV-2. Here, using SARS-CoV-2 S protein pseudovirus system, we confirm that human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, find that SARS-CoV-2 enters 293/hACE2 cells mainly through endocytosis, that PIKfyve, TPC2, and cathepsin L are critical for entry, and that SARS-CoV-2 S protein is less stable than SARS-CoV S. Polyclonal anti-SARS S1 antibodies T62 inhibit entry of SARS-CoV S but not SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. Further studies using recovered SARS and COVID-19 patients' sera show limited cross-neutralization, suggesting that recovery from one infection might not protect against the other. Our results present potential targets for development of drugs and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32401850, "title": "Coronavirus and the Heart | A Case Report on the Evolution of COVID-19 Associated with Cardiological Evolution.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Rente, Arthur", "Uezato Junior, Delcio", "Uezato, Karina Margareth Kunyoshi"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401850", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502233, "title": "Tuberculosis Healthcare Workers: There Goes My Hero.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Griffith, David E", "Cegielski, J Peter"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502233", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439095, "pmcid": "PMC7234783", "title": "Joint HFSA/ACC/AHA Statement Addresses Concerns Re: Using RAAS Antagonists in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Bozkurt, Biykem", "Kovacs, Richard", "Harrington, Bob"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439095", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462316, "pmcid": "PMC7252417", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection, male fertility and sperm cryopreservation: a position statement of the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) (Societa Italiana di Andrologia e Medicina della Sessualita).", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Corona, G", "Baldi, E", "Isidori, A M", "Paoli, D", "Pallotti, F", "De Santis, L", "Francavilla, F", "La Vignera, S", "Selice, R", "Caponecchia, L", "Pivonello, R", "Ferlin, A", "Foresta, C", "Jannini, E A", "Lenzi, A", "Maggi, M", "Lombardo, F"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462316", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to coronavirus (CoV) 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised several concerns in reproductive medicine. The aim of this review is to summarize available evidence providing an official position statement of the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) METHODS: A comprehensive Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline and Cochrane library search was performed. Due to the limited evidence and the lack of studies, it was not possible to formulate recommendations according to the Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence criteria. Several molecular characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 can justify the presence of virus within the testis and possible alterations of spermatogenesis and endocrine function. Orchitis has been reported as a possible complication of SARS-CoV infection, but similar findings have not been reported for SARS-CoV-2. Alternatively, the orchitis could be the result of a vasculitis as COVID-19 has been associated with abnormalities in coagulation and the segmental vascularization of the testis could account for an orchitis-like syndrome. Finally, available data do not support the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in plasma seminal fluid of infected subjects. Data derived from other SARS-CoV infections suggest that in patients recovered from COVID-19, especially for those in reproductive age, andrological consultation and evaluation of gonadal function including semen analysis should be suggested. Studies in larger cohorts of currently infected subjects are warranted to confirm (or exclude) the presence of risks for male gametes that are destined either for cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen or for assisted reproduction techniques."}, {"pmid": 32419875, "pmcid": "PMC7225716", "title": "[Antibody tests for COVID-19: What the results tell us].", "journal": "Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes", "authors": ["Horvath, Karl", "Semlitsch, Thomas", "Jeitler, Klaus", "Krause, Robert", "Siebenhofer, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419875", "countries": ["Germany", "Austria"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the detection of virus-specific antibodies (AB) will play an increasing role. The presence or absence of such antibodies can potentially lead to considerations regarding immunity and infection. How reliable are inferences from positive or negative test results regarding the actual presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies? Calculation of the probability that, depending on the pretest probability (prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection) and test properties, antibodies are present or absent in the case of positive or negative test results. Sensitivity and specificity of different SARS-CoV-2 AB test systems vary between 53\u00a0% and 94\u00a0% and between 91\u00a0% and 99.5\u00a0%, respectively. When using a test with high test quality, the positive predictive value (PPV) is 42\u00a0% and 7\u00a09%, respectively, with a pre-test probability of 1\u00a0% to 5\u00a0%, as can currently be assumed for the general population in Austria or Germany. For persons with an increased pre-test probability of 20\u00a0%, e.\u00a0g. persons from high-risk professions, the PPW is 95\u00a0%, with a pre-test probability of 80\u00a0% the PPW is almost 100\u00a0%. The negative predictive value (NPV) is at least 99.7\u00a0% for persons with a low pre-test probability of up to 5\u00a0% and 79.1\u00a0% for persons with a pre-test probability of 80\u00a0%. When using test systems with lower sensitivity and specificity, the reliability of the results decreases considerably. The PPV is 5.9\u00a0% with a pre-test probability of 1\u00a0%. A sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity are prerequisites for the application of antibody test systems. Positive test results are often false if the pre-test probability is low. Depending on the assumed prevalence of a SARS-CoV-2 infection, there are substantial differences in the significance of a concrete test result for the respective affected persons."}, {"pmid": 32369622, "title": "Assessing the impact of lockdown: Fresh challenges for the care of haematology patients in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Willan, John", "King, Andrew J", "Djebbari, Faouzi", "Turner, Gareth D H", "Royston, Daniel J", "Pavord, Sue", "Collins, Graham P", "Peniket, Andy"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369622", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396550, "pmcid": "PMC7217455", "title": "Virus detections among patients with severe acute respiratory illness, Northern Vietnam.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Le, Yen H", "Nguyen, Khanh C", "Coleman, Kristen K", "Nguyen, Tham T", "Than, Son T", "Phan, Hai H", "Nguyen, Manh D", "Ngu, Nghia D", "Phan, Dan T", "Hoang, Phuong V M", "Trieu, Long P", "Bailey, Emily S", "Warkentien, Tyler E", "Gray, Gregory C"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396550", "countries": ["Singapore", "Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) is a major cause of death and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries, however, the etiologic agents are often undetermined due to the lack of molecular diagnostics in hospitals and clinics. To examine evidence for select viral infections among patients with SARI in northern Vietnam, we studied 348 nasopharyngeal samples from military and civilian patients admitted to 4 hospitals in the greater Hanoi area from 2017-2019. Initial screening for human respiratory viral pathogens was performed in Hanoi, Vietnam at the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE) or the Military Institute of Preventative Medicine (MIPM), and an aliquot was shipped to Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore for validation. Patient demographics were recorded and used to epidemiologically describe the infections. Among military and civilian cases of SARI, 184 (52.9%) tested positive for one or more respiratory viruses. Influenza A virus was the most prevalent virus detected (64.7%), followed by influenza B virus (29.3%), enterovirus (3.8%), adenovirus (1.1%), and coronavirus (1.1%). Risk factor analyses demonstrated an increased risk of influenza A virus detection among military hospital patients (adjusted OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.2), and an increased risk of influenza B virus detection among patients enrolled in year 2017 (adjusted OR, 7.9; 95% CI, 2.7-22.9). As influenza A and B viruses were commonly associated with SARI and are treatable, SARI patients entering these hospitals would benefit if the hospitals were able to adapt onsite molecular diagnostics."}, {"pmid": 32215581, "pmcid": "PMC7099527", "title": "Possible Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 From an Infected Mother to Her Newborn.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Dong, Lan", "Tian, Jinhua", "He, Songming", "Zhu, Chuchao", "Wang, Jian", "Liu, Chen", "Yang, Jing"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215581", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474918, "title": "An open label cluster randomized controlled trial of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine or only supportive care in patients admitted with moderate to severe COVID-19 (ARCHAIC) - Protocol publication.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Weehuizen, J M", "Hoepelman, A I M"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474918", "countries": ["China", "Netherlands"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were both employed in the treatment of COVID-19 in China. Based on unpublished anecdotal positive results in China, CQ is now implemented in China and the Netherlands in moderate to severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32530585, "title": "New-Onset Diabetes in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubino, Francesco", "Amiel, Stephanie A", "Zimmet, Paul", "Alberti, George", "Bornstein, Stefan", "Eckel, Robert H", "Mingrone, Geltrude", "Boehm, Bernhard", "Cooper, Mark E", "Chai, Zhonglin", "Del Prato, Stefano", "Ji, Linong", "Hopkins, David", "Herman, William H", "Khunti, Kamlesh", "Mbanya, Jean-Claude", "Renard, Eric"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530585", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516816, "title": "Telehealth Uptake into Prenatal Care and Provider Attitudes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Madden, Nigel", "Emeruwa, Ukachi N", "Friedman, Alexander M", "Aubey, Janice J", "Aziz, Aleha", "Baptiste, Caitlin D", "Coletta, Jaclyn M", "D'Alton, Mary E", "Fuchs, Karin M", "Goffman, Dena", "Gyamfi-Bannerman, Cynthia", "Kondragunta, Sneha", "Krenitsky, Nicole", "Miller, Russell S", "Nhan-Chang, Chia-Ling", "Saint Jean, Ashanda M", "Shukla, Hemangi P", "Simpson, Lynn L", "Spiegel, Erica S", "Yates, Hope S", "Zork, Noelia", "Ona, Samsiya"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516816", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2003This study aimed to (1) determine to what degree prenatal care was able to be transitioned to telehealth at prenatal practices associated with two affiliated hospitals in New York City during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and (2) describe providers' experience with this transition. \u2003Trends in whether prenatal care visits were conducted in-person or via telehealth were analyzed by week for a 5-week period from March 9 to April 12 at Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)-affiliated prenatal practices in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic. Visits were analyzed for maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) and general obstetrical faculty practices, as well as a clinic system serving patients with public insurance. The proportion of visits that were telehealth was analyzed by visit type by week. A survey and semistructured interviews of providers were conducted evaluating resources and obstacles in the uptake of telehealth. \u2003During the study period, there were 4,248 visits, of which approximately one-third were performed by telehealth (n\u2009=\u20091,352, 31.8%). By the fifth week, 56.1% of generalist visits, 61.5% of MFM visits, and 41.5% of clinic visits were performed via telehealth. A total of 36 providers completed the survey and 11 were interviewed. Accessing technology and performing visits, documentation, and follow-up using the telehealth electronic medical record were all viewed favorably by providers. In transitioning to telehealth, operational challenges were more significant for health clinics than for MFM and generalist faculty practices with patients receiving public insurance experiencing greater difficulties and barriers to care. Additional resources on the patient and operational level were required to optimize attendance at in-person and video visits for clinic patients. \u2003Telehealth was rapidly implemented in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic and was viewed favorably by providers. Limited barriers to care were observed for practices serving patients with commercial insurance. However, to optimize access for patients with Medicaid, additional patient-level and operational supports were required. \u00b7 Telehealth uptake differed based on insurance.. \u00b7 Medicaid patients may require increased assistance for telehealth.. \u00b7 Quick adoption of telehealth is feasible.."}, {"pmid": 32108160, "pmcid": "PMC7095779", "title": "Emergence of a novel human coronavirus threatening human health.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Poon, Leo L M", "Peiris, Malik"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108160", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371745, "pmcid": "PMC7219858", "title": "Unexpected severe thrombocytopenia in the COVID-19 positive parturient.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Kim, Joon-Hyung", "Shrestha, Neela", "Girshin, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371745", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383306, "pmcid": "PMC7267579", "title": "Do we need robotics for coronary intervention more than ever in the COVID-19 era?", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Virk, Hafeez Ul Hassan", "Lakhter, Vladimir", "Tabaza, Luai", "George, Jon C"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425712, "pmcid": "PMC7190003", "title": "Evidence Supporting a Phased Immuno-physiological Approach to COVID-19 From Prevention Through Recovery.", "journal": "Integr Med (Encinitas)", "authors": ["Yanuck, S F", "Pizzorno, J", "Messier, H", "Fitzgerald, K N"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425712", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper presents an evidence-based strategy for improving clinical outcomes in COVID-19. Recommendations are based on the phases of the disease, because optimal interventions for one phase may not be appropriate for a different phase. The four phases addressed are: Prevention, Infection, Inflammation and Recovery. Underlying this phased approach is recognition of emerging evidence for two different components of pathophysiology, early infection and late stage severe complications. These two aspects of the disease suggest two different patterns of clinical emphasis that seem on the surface to be not entirely concordant. We describe the application of therapeutic strategies and appropriate tactics that address four main stages of disease progression for COVID-19. Emerging evidence in COVID-19 suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 virus may both evade the innate immune response and kill macrophages. Delayed innate immune response and a depleted population of macrophages can theoretically result in a blunted antigen presentation, delaying and diminishing activation of the adaptive immune response. Thus, one clinical strategy involves supporting patient innate and adaptive immune responses early in the time course of illness, with the goal of improving the timeliness, readiness, and robustness of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. At the other end of the disease pathology spectrum, risk of fatality in COVID-19 is driven by excessive and persistent upregulation of inflammatory mechanisms associated with cytokine storm. Thus, the second clinical strategy is to prevent or mitigate excessive inflammatory response to prevent the cytokine storm associated with high mortality risk. Clinical support for immune system pathogen clearance mechanisms involves obligate activation of immune response components that are inherently inflammatory. This puts the goals of the first clinical strategy (immune activation) potentially at odds with the goals of the second strategy(mitigation of proinflammatory effects). This creates a need for discernment about the time course of the illness and with that, understanding of which components of an overall strategy to apply at each phase of the time course of the illness. We review evidence from early observational studies and the existing literature on both outcomes and mechanisms of disease, to inform a phased approach to support the patient at risk for infection, with infection, with escalating inflammation during infection, and at risk of negative sequelae as they move into recovery."}, {"pmid": 32450236, "pmcid": "PMC7242939", "title": "A Phased Approach to Resuming Suspended Allergy/Immunology Clinical Services.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Searing, Daniel A", "Dutmer, Cullen M", "Fleischer, David M", "Shaker, Marcus S", "Oppenheimer, John", "Grayson, Mitchell H", "Stukus, David", "Hartog, Nicholas", "Hsieh, Elena W Y", "Rider, Nicholas L", "Vander Leek, Timothy K", "Kim, Harold", "Chan, Edmond S", "Mack, Doug", "Ellis, Anne K", "Abrams, Elissa M", "Bansal, Priya", "Lang, David M", "Lieberman, Jay", "Golden, David Bk", "Wallace, Dana", "Portnoy, Jay", "Mosnaim, Giselle", "Greenhawt, Matthew"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450236", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early 2020, the first US and Canadian cases of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection were detected. In the ensuing months, there has been rapid spread of the infection. In March 2020, in response to the virus, state/provincial and local governments instituted shelter-in-place orders, and nonessential ambulatory care was significantly curtailed, including allergy/immunology services. With rates of new infections and fatalities potentially reaching a plateau and/or declining, restrictions on provision of routine ambulatory care are lifting, and there is a need to help guide the allergy/immunology clinician on how to reinitiate services. Given the fact that coronavirus disease 2019 will circulate within our communities for months or longer, we present a flexible, algorithmic best-practices planning approach on how to prioritize services, in 4 stratified phases of reopening according to community risk level, as well as highlight key considerations for how to safely do so. The decisions on what services to offer and how fast to proceed are left to the discretion of the individual clinician and practice, operating in accordance with state and local ordinances with respect to the level of nonessential ambulatory care that can be provided. Clear communication with staff and patients before and after all changes should be incorporated into this new paradigm on continual change, given the movement may be forward and even backward through the phases because this is an evolving situation."}, {"pmid": 32346373, "pmcid": "PMC7171048", "title": "Survey of Insomnia and Related Social Psychological Factors Among Medical Staff Involved in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak.", "journal": "Front Psychiatry", "authors": ["Zhang, Chenxi", "Yang, Lulu", "Liu, Shuai", "Ma, Simeng", "Wang, Ying", "Cai, Zhongxiang", "Du, Hui", "Li, Ruiting", "Kang, Lijun", "Su, Meilei", "Zhang, Jihui", "Liu, Zhongchun", "Zhang, Bin"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346373", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) not only caused particularly large public health problems, but also caused great psychological distress, especially for medical staff. We aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of insomnia and to confirm the related social psychological factors among medical staff in hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak. Medical staff members in China were recruited, including frontline medical workers. The questionnaire, administered through the WeChat program, obtained demographic data and asked self-design questions related to the COVID-19 outbreak, insomnia/depressive/anxiety symptoms, and stress-related symptoms. We used a logistic regression analysis to examine the associations between sociodemographic factors and insomnia symptoms. There were a total of 1,563 participants in our study. Five-hundred-and-sixty-four (36.1%) participants had insomnia symptoms according to the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) (total score \u2265 8). A multiple binary logistic regression model revealed that insomnia symptoms were associated with an education level of high school or below (OR = 2.69, p = 0.042, 95% CI = 1.0-7.0), being a doctor (OR = 0.44, p = 0.007, 95% CI = 0.2-0.8), currently working in an isolation unit (OR = 1.71, p = 0.038, 95% CI = 1.0-2.8), is worried about being infected (OR = 2.30, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 1.6-3.4), perceived lack of helpfulness in terms of psychological support from news or social media with regard to COVID-19 (OR = 2.10, p = 0.001, 95% CI = 1.3-3.3), and having very strong uncertainty regarding effective disease control (OR = 3.30, p = 0.013, 95% CI = 1.3-8.5). Our study found that more than one-third of the medical staff suffered insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak. The related factors included education level, an isolation environment, psychological worries about the COVID-19 outbreak, and being a doctor. Interventions for insomnia among medical staff are needed considering the various sociopsychological factors at play in this situation."}, {"pmid": 32388480, "pmcid": "PMC7199679", "title": "Can beta-adrenergic blockers be used in the treatment of COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Vasanthakumar, Natesan"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388480", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449555, "title": "Conducting eating disorders research in the time of COVID-19: A survey of researchers in the field.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Weissman, Ruth Striegel", "Klump, Kelly L", "Rose, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449555", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted research around the globe and required shuttering of research programs and the implementation of procedural adjustments to ensure safety. This study sought to document COVID-19's impact on eating disorders (ED) research, which may be particularly susceptible to such disruptions, given its focus on individuals who are physically and emotionally vulnerable. We invited ED researchers from editorial boards and scientific organizations to complete a quantitative/qualitative survey about: COVID-19's current and future impact on ED research; areas of concern about research disruptions; and effective strategies for conducting and supporting research during and after COVID-19. Among 187 participants, many had moved studies online and/or shutdown part of their research. Across position types (permanent, 52.7%; temporary, 47.3%), participants reported high concern about data collection, recruitment, and securing future funding. Those holding temporary positions reported significantly greater concern about COVID-19's impact on their career and greater stress than participants in permanent positions. Strategies for dealing with research disruptions included: employing technology; reprioritizing goals/tasks; and encouraging collaboration. Results underscore the high levels of stress and disruption caused by COVID-19. We echo calls by our respondents for support for early career scholars and advocacy for additional resources for research and scientists."}, {"pmid": 32512635, "title": "Uncovering psychobehavioral implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Iran.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Wong, Li Ping", "Alias, Haridah", "Danaee, Mahmoud", "Ziaee, Masood", "Adebi, Farshid", "Ziaee, Arash", "Mohajer, Samira", "HajiAliBeigloo, Reza", "Nia, Mohammad Namazi", "Jamei, Fateme", "Mazlom, Seyed Reza"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512635", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Iran is the country in Western Asia most impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak. A survey was conducted among the general public in Iran aimed at investigating psychobehavioural issues related to the COVID-19 outbreak, namely: 1) barriers to preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 infection; 2) negative emotions toward SARS-CoV-2 infection; and 3) anxiety levels among the general public in Iran. A cross-sectional, web-based survey using an online questionnaire was carried out between 16 March and 1 April 2020. The six-item version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6) was used to assess anxiety levels. A total of 1,789 complete responses were received. Nearly 60% reported having difficulty in wearing a face mask to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mean and standard deviation (SD) for the total prevention barrier score was 35.8 (SD \u00b1 7.1; range 18 to 68) out of a possible score of 72. Male respondents [odds ratio (OR) = 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 1.51] and respondents who perceived their health status as poor/fair (OR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.31 to 1.82) were predictors of high prevention barriers. Negative emotions such as fear (74.6%), followed by depression (43.4%) and stigma (23.0%) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported. Respondents who perceived their health as poor/fair (OR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.57 to 3.04) reported a higher likelihood of having higher negative emotions. Findings on anxiety level revealed 68.0% (95% CI 65.8 to 70.1) reported moderate to severe anxiety. Respondents who perceived their health as poor/fair (OR = 3.46; 95% CI 12.22 to 5.40) and who were females (OR = 1.91; 95% CI 1.55 to 2.36) were predictors of moderate to severe anxiety. In conclusion, psychobehavioural interventions are needed to facilitate management and control of the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32360397, "pmcid": "PMC7187878", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Mechanisms of increased morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with diabetes: what this means for an effective management strategy.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Means, Casey"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360397", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416365, "pmcid": "PMC7199727", "title": "Occurrence of pulmonary embolism in a patient with mild clinical expression of COVID-19.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Vitali, Claudio", "Minniti, Antonina", "Caporali, Roberto", "Del Papa, Nicoletta"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416365", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533439, "title": "The start of the Austrian response to the COVID-19 crisis: a personal account.", "journal": "Wien Klin Wochenschr", "authors": ["Muller, Markus"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533439", "countries": ["Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426229, "pmcid": "PMC7229478", "title": "Successful intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in severe COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Lanza, Maurizia", "Polistina, Giorgio Emanuele", "Imitazione, Pasquale", "Annunziata, Anna", "Di Spirito, Valentina", "Novella, Carannante", "Fiorentino, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426229", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe a 42-year old woman, admitted to our Department after 15 days of persistence of respiratory failure and treated with infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin with a successful outcome."}, {"pmid": 32111656, "title": "Covid-19: school closures and bans on mass gatherings will need to be considered, says England's CMO.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Moberly, Tom"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32111656", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417878, "pmcid": "PMC7239216", "title": "From natural disaster to pandemic: A health-system pharmacy rises to the challenge.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Zuckerman, Autumn D", "Patel, Pratish C", "Sullivan, Mark", "Potts, Amy", "Knostman, Molly", "Humphreys, Elizabeth", "O'Neal, Michael", "Bryant, Andrea", "Torr, Donna K", "Lobo, Bob", "Peek, Grayson", "Kelley, Tara", "Manfred, James", "Tomichek, Jason", "Crothers, Garrett", "Catlin, Rusty", "Brumagin, Hannah E", "Hughes, Leslee", "Hayman, Jim"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. This report describes a health-system pharmacy's response to a natural disaster while staff members simultaneously prepared for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. By detailing our experience, we hope to help other institutions that are current facing or could encounter similar crises. In early March 2020, a tornado destroyed the health system's warehouse for storage of most clinical supplies, including personal protective equipment and fluids. The pharmacy purchasing team collaborated with suppliers and manufacturers to recover losses and establish alternative storage areas. Days later, the pharmacy department was forced to address the impending COVID-19 pandemic. Key elements of the COVID-19 response included reducing the potential for patient and staff virus exposure; overcoming challenges in sourcing of staff, personal protective equipment, and medications; and changing care delivery practices to maintain high-quality patient care while maximizing social distancing. The pharmacy department also created distance learning opportunities for 70 pharmacy students on rotations. After an initial plan, ongoing needs include adjustment in patient care activities if significant staff losses occur, when and how to resume clinical activities, and how to best utilize the resources accumulated. Elements of practice changes implemented to reduce COVID-19 threats to patients and pharmacy personnel have proven beneficial and will be further evaluated for potential continuation. The pharmacy department's efforts to respond to a natural disaster and unprecedented pandemic have proven successful to this point and have illuminated several lessons, including the necessity of cohesive department communication, staff flexibility, prioritization of teamwork, and external collaboration."}, {"pmid": 32246913, "pmcid": "PMC7270989", "title": "Handling the COVID-19 pandemic in the oncological setting.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Mussetti, Alberto", "Maluquer, Clara", "Albasanz-Puig, Adaia", "Gudiol, Carlota", "Moreno-Gonzalez, Gabriel", "Corradini, Paolo", "Sureda, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246913", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400882, "title": "COVID-19 and telehealth: a window of opportunity and its challenges.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Nittas, Vasileios", "von Wyl, Viktor"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400882", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309815, "pmcid": "PMC7162623", "title": "Transient Brugada-like ECG pattern in a patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Vidovich, Mladen I"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309815", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359220, "pmcid": "PMC7267549", "title": "Liver injury in COVID-19: Diagnosis and associated factors.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Ye, Zheng", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359220", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125126, "title": "[Management and clinical thinking of Coronavirus Disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ma, K", "Chen, T", "Han, M F", "Guo, W", "Ning, Q"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125126", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP, officially named Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) by the World Health Organization) broke out in Wuhan, Hubei, and it quickly spread to the whole country and abroad. The situation was at stake. The sudden and serious COVID-19 epidemic has brought us a lot of urgent problems. How to effectively control the spread of COVID-19? When does the population infection rate rise to its peak? What will eventually be the number of infected patients? How to make early diagnosis? What effective antiviral drugs are available? How to effectively treat with existing drugs? Can it successfully improve the survival rate of critically patients? In response to the above questions, we put forward corresponding suggestions and reflections from the perspective of the infectious clinician."}, {"pmid": 32499212, "title": "A new system for surveillance and management of COVID-19: STRONG (Spatio-Temporal Reporting Over Network and GPS).", "journal": "JMIR Mhealth Uhealth", "authors": ["Wang, Shaoxiong", "Ding, Shuizi", "Xiong, Li"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has highlighted the importance of rapid control of the transmission of infectious diseases. This is particularly important for COVID-19, where many individuals are asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms but can still spread the disease. Current systems for controlling transmission rely on patients to report their symptoms to medical professionals and be able to recall and trace all their contacts from the previous few days. This is unrealistic in the modern world. However, existing smartphone-based GPS and social media technology may provide a suitable alternative. We, therefore, developed a mini-program within the app WeChat. This analyzes data from all users and traces close contacts of all patients. This permits early tracing and quarantine of potential sources of infection. Data from the mini-program can also be merged with other data to predict epidemic trends, calculate individual and population risks, and provide recommendations for individual and population protection action. It may also improve our understanding of how the disease spreads. However, there are a number of unresolved questions about the use of smartphone data for health surveillance, including how to protect individual privacy and provide safeguards against data breaches."}, {"pmid": 32489935, "pmcid": "PMC7242292", "title": "Persistent viral shedding lasting over 60 days in a mild COVID-19 patient with ongoing positive SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Zhang, Lan", "Li, Changbo", "Zhou, Yanru", "Wang, Binjie", "Zhang, Jiajia"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489935", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482296, "title": "COVID-19: Perspectives from people with diabetes.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482296", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253318, "pmcid": "PMC7196837", "title": "Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Duan, Kai", "Liu, Bende", "Li, Cesheng", "Zhang, Huajun", "Yu, Ting", "Qu, Jieming", "Zhou, Min", "Chen, Li", "Meng, Shengli", "Hu, Yong", "Peng, Cheng", "Yuan, Mingchao", "Huang, Jinyan", "Wang, Zejun", "Yu, Jianhong", "Gao, Xiaoxiao", "Wang, Dan", "Yu, Xiaoqi", "Li, Li", "Zhang, Jiayou", "Wu, Xiao", "Li, Bei", "Xu, Yanping", "Chen, Wei", "Peng, Yan", "Hu, Yeqin", "Lin, Lianzhen", "Liu, Xuefei", "Huang, Shihe", "Zhou, Zhijun", "Zhang, Lianghao", "Wang, Yue", "Zhang, Zhi", "Deng, Kun", "Xia, Zhiwu", "Gong, Qin", "Zhang, Wei", "Zheng, Xiaobei", "Liu, Ying", "Yang, Huichuan", "Zhou, Dongbo", "Yu, Ding", "Hou, Jifeng", "Shi, Zhengli", "Chen, Saijuan", "Chen, Zhu", "Zhang, Xinxin", "Yang, Xiaoming"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253318", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, there are no approved specific antiviral agents for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, 10 severe patients confirmed by real-time viral RNA test were enrolled prospectively. One dose of 200 mL of convalescent plasma (CP) derived from recently recovered donors with the neutralizing antibody titers above 1:640 was transfused to the patients as an addition to maximal supportive care and antiviral agents. The primary endpoint was the safety of CP transfusion. The second endpoints were the improvement of clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters within 3 d after CP transfusion. The median time from onset of illness to CP transfusion was 16.5 d. After CP transfusion, the level of neutralizing antibody increased rapidly up to 1:640 in five cases, while that of the other four cases maintained at a high level (1:640). The clinical symptoms were significantly improved along with increase of oxyhemoglobin saturation within 3 d. Several parameters tended to improve as compared to pretransfusion, including increased lymphocyte counts (0.65 \u00d7 109/L vs. 0.76 \u00d7 109/L) and decreased C-reactive protein (55.98 mg/L vs. 18.13 mg/L). Radiological examinations showed varying degrees of absorption of lung lesions within 7 d. The viral load was undetectable after transfusion in seven patients who had previous viremia. No severe adverse effects were observed. This study showed CP therapy was well tolerated and could potentially improve the clinical outcomes through neutralizing viremia in severe COVID-19 cases. The optimal dose and time point, as well as the clinical benefit of CP therapy, needs further investigation in larger well-controlled trials."}, {"pmid": 32249918, "pmcid": "PMC7184430", "title": "Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Na", "Han, Lefei", "Peng, Min", "Lv, Yuxia", "Ouyang, Yin", "Liu, Kui", "Yue, Linli", "Li, Qiannan", "Sun, Guoqiang", "Chen, Lin", "Yang, Lin"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249918", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing epidemics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have caused serious concerns about its potential adverse effects on pregnancy. There are limited data on maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. We conducted a case-control study to compare clinical characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with and without COVID-19 pneumonia. During January 24 to February 29, 2020, there were sixteen pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and eighteen suspected cases who were admitted to labor in the third trimester. Two had vaginal delivery and the rest took cesarean section. Few patients presented respiratory symptoms (fever and cough) on admission, but most had typical chest CT images of COVID-19 pneumonia. Compared to the controls, COVID-19 pneumonia patients had lower counts of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) on admission. Increased levels of WBC, neutrophils, eosinophils, and CRP were found in postpartum blood tests of pneumonia patients. There were three (18.8%) and three (16.7%) of the mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 pneumonia had preterm delivery due to maternal complications, which were significantly higher than the control group. None experienced respiratory failure during hospital stay. COVID-19 infection was not found in the newborns and none developed severe neonatal complications. Severe maternal and neonatal complications were not observed in pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia who had vaginal delivery or caesarean section. Mild respiratory symptoms of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia highlight the need of effective screening on admission."}, {"pmid": 32401274, "pmcid": "PMC7221856", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Rates in BCG-Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Young Adults.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Hamiel, Uri", "Kozer, Eran", "Youngster, Ilan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401274", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426753, "pmcid": "PMC7188431", "title": "Rationale for Prolonged Corticosteroid Treatment in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Villar, Jesus", "Confalonieri, Marco", "Pastores, Stephen M", "Meduri, G Umberto"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426753", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249257, "title": "Macrolide treatment for COVID-19: Will this be the way forward?", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Ohe, Masashi", "Shida, Haruki", "Jodo, Satoshi", "Kusunoki, Yoshihiro", "Seki, Masahide", "Furuya, Ken", "Goudarzi, Houman"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249257", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic that has developed in late 2019 and 2020 is a serious threat to human health. With no vaccines or drugs approved for prevention and treatment until now, all efforts at drug design and/or clinical trials of already approved drugs are worthy and creditable. Using structure-based drug selection for identification of SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitors, old drugs such as macrolides (MAC) were predicted to be effective for COVID-19. Lately, the anti-viral effects of macrolides have attracted considerable attention. Very recently, hydroxychloroquine in combination with azithromycin treatment was reported to be effective for COVID-19. We believe that treatments with macrolides alone or in combination with other drugs are promising and open the possibility of an international strategy to fight this emerging viral infection."}, {"pmid": 32407517, "title": "Pharmacy leadership during emergency preparedness: Insights from the Middle East and South Asia.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Siddiqui, Mohammad Aslam", "Abdeldayem, Ahmed", "Dayem, Khalid Abdel", "Mahomed, Shuaib Haroon", "Diab, Mariam Jihad"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407517", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32386833, "pmcid": "PMC7183938", "title": "Considerations for resuscitation and transfer of paediatric patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Thampi, Swapna", "Lee, Chang C M", "Ng, Beatrice H Z", "Yap, Andrea P A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386833", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238979, "title": "'Dental Hierarchy of Needs' in the COVID-19 Era - or Why Treat When It Doesn't Hurt?", "journal": "Oral Health Prev Dent", "authors": ["Berlin-Broner, Yuli", "Levin, Liran"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223774, "pmcid": "PMC7156573", "title": "Roadblocks to Infection Prevention Efforts in Healthcare SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Response.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Popescu, Saskia"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223774", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Canada", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel coronavirus, COVID-19, is challenging international public health and healthcare efforts. As hospitals work to acquire enough personal protective equipment and brace for potential cases, the role of infection prevention efforts and programs has become increasingly important. Lessons from the 2003 SARS-CoV outbreak in Toronto and 2015 MERS-CoV outbreak in South Korea have unveiled the critical role that hospitals play in outbreaks, especially of novel coronaviruses. Their ability to amplify the spread of disease can rapidly fuel transmission of the disease and often those failures in infection prevention and general hospital practices contribute to such events. While efforts to enhance infection prevention measures and hospital readiness are underway in the United States, it is important to understand why these programs were not able to maintain continued, sustainable levels of readiness. History has shown that infection prevention programs are primarily responsible for preparing hospitals and responding to biological events but face under-staffing and focused efforts defined by administrators. The current U.S. healthcare system though, is built upon a series of priorities that often view biopreparedness as a costly endeavor. Awareness of these competing priorities and the challenges infection prevention programs face when working to maintain biopreparedness is critical in adequately addressing this critical infrastructure in the face of an international outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32240958, "pmcid": "PMC7270773", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak: Crucial role the psychiatrists can play.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Banerjee, Debanjan"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240958", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392425, "title": "Response of Cardiac Surgery Units to COVID-19: An Internationally-Based Quantitative Survey.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Gaudino, Mario", "Chikwe, Joanna", "Hameed, Irbaz", "Robinson, N Bryce", "Fremes, Stephen E", "Ruel, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392425", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300968, "pmcid": "PMC7160611", "title": "Prevention and control measures in radiology department for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Ding, Jinli", "Fu, Haihong", "Liu, Yaou", "Gao, Jianbo", "Li, Zhenlin", "Zhao, Xin", "Zheng, Junhui", "Sun, Wenge", "Ni, Hongyan", "Ma, Xinwu", "Feng, Ji", "Wu, Aiqin", "Liu, Jie", "Wang, Yun", "Geng, Pengfei", "Chen, Yong"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300968", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since a novel coronavirus was discovered from a cluster of patients with emerging pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China, it has spread rapidly through droplet and contact transmission. Recently, the novel coronavirus pneumonia which was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) has been raised as a worldwide problem. Radiological examinations were confirmed as effective methods for the screening and diagnosis of COVID-19. It is reported that some radiologists and radiological technologists were infected when giving examinations to the patients with COVID-19. In order to reduce the infection risk of medical staff in radiology department, we summarized the experience on prevention and control measures in radiology department for COVID-19, aiming to guide the prevention and practical work for radiologists and radiological technologists. KEY POINTS: \u2022 The novel coronavirus spreads rapidly through droplet and contact transmission. \u2022 Radiologists and radiological technologists were possibly infected by patients. \u2022 Prevention and control measures in radiology department for COVID-19 are important."}, {"pmid": 32080993, "title": "The Author's Response: Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: the Application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia Monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lim, Jaegyun", "Jeon, Seunghyun", "Shin, Hyun Young", "Kim, Moon Jung", "Seong, Yu Min", "Lee, Wang Jun", "Choe, Kang Won", "Kang, Yu Min", "Lee, Baeckseung", "Park, Sang Joon"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32080993", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515684, "title": "Patterns of IgG and IgM antibody response in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Xuemei", "Wang, Jing", "Xu, Xiaolei", "Liao, Guojian", "Chen, Yaokai", "Hu, Chang-Hua"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515684", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503814, "title": "COVID-19: The Potential Role of Copper and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in a Combination of Candidate Antiviral Treatments Against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Andreou, Andri", "Trantza, Sofia", "Filippou, Demetrios", "Sipsas, Nikolaos", "Tsiodras, Sotirios"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503814", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a pandemic. Since then, thousands of people have suffered and died, making the need for a treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) more crucial than ever. The authors carried out a search in PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov and New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) for COVID-19 to provide information on the most promising treatments against SARS-CoV-2. Possible COVID-19 agents with promising efficacy and favorable safety profile were identified. The results support the combination of copper, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), colchicine and nitric oxide (NO) with candidate antiviral agents, remdesivir or EIDD-2801, as a treatment for patients positive for SARS-CoV-2. The authors propose to study the effects of the combination of copper, NAC, colchicine, NO and currently used experimental antiviral agents, remdesivir or EIDD-2801, as a potential treatment scheme for SARS-COV-2."}, {"pmid": 32401309, "pmcid": "PMC7239166", "title": "Facing the future-what lessons could we learn from Covid-19?", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470110, "title": "The ethics of neuro-oncology in the era of COVID-19: Lessons to be learned.", "journal": "Neuro Oncol", "authors": ["Das, Sunit"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470110", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32200654, "pmcid": "PMC7193851", "title": "Time Kinetics of Viral Clearance and Resolution of Symptoms in Novel Coronavirus Infection.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Chang, De", "Mo, Guoxin", "Yuan, Xin", "Tao, Yi", "Peng, Xiaohua", "Wang, Fu-Sheng", "Xie, Lixin", "Sharma, Lokesh", "Dela Cruz, Charles S", "Qin, Enqiang"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200654", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352923, "title": "Response to: Interventional radiology and COVID-19: evidence-based measures to limit transmission.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Rossi, Umberto G", "Petrocelli, Francesco", "Ierardi, Anna Maria", "Cariati, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352923", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192583, "pmcid": "PMC7118671", "title": "COVID-19: delay, mitigate, and communicate.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["The Lancet Respiratory Medicine"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192583", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277759, "pmcid": "PMC7184384", "title": "Cluster of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in the French Alps, 2020.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Danis, Kostas", "Epaulard, Olivier", "Benet, Thomas", "Gaymard, Alexandre", "Campoy, Sephora", "Bothelo-Nevers, Elisabeth", "Bouscambert-Duchamp, Maude", "Spaccaferri, Guillaume", "Ader, Florence", "Mailles, Alexandra", "Boudalaa, Zoubida", "Tolsma, Violaine", "Berra, Julien", "Vaux, Sophie", "Forestier, Emmanuel", "Landelle, Caroline", "Fougere, Erica", "Thabuis, Alexandra", "Berthelot, Philippe", "Veil, Raphael", "Levy-Bruhl, Daniel", "Chidiac, Christian", "Lina, Bruno", "Coignard, Bruno", "Saura, Christine"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277759", "countries": ["Singapore", "United Kingdom", "France", "Spain"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 07/02/2020, French Health authorities were informed of a confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in an Englishman infected in Singapore who had recently stayed in a chalet in the French Alps. We conducted an investigation to identify secondary cases and interrupt transmission. We defined as a confirmed case a person linked to the chalet with a positive RT-PCR sample for SARS-CoV-2. The index case stayed 4 days in the chalet with 10 English tourists and a family of 5 French residents; SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 5 individuals in France, 6 in England (including the index case), and 1 in Spain (overall attack rate in the chalet: 75%). One pediatric case, with picornavirus and influenza A coinfection, visited 3 different schools while symptomatic. One case was asymptomatic, with similar viral load as that of a symptomatic case. Seven days after the first cases were diagnosed, one tertiary case was detected in a symptomatic patient with a positive endotracheal aspirate; all previous and concurrent nasopharyngeal specimens were negative. Additionally, 172 contacts were monitored, including 73 tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. The occurrence in this cluster of one asymptomatic case with similar viral load as a symptomatic patient, suggests transmission potential of asymptomatic individuals. The fact that an infected child did not transmit the disease despite close interactions within schools suggests potential different transmission dynamics in children. Finally, the dissociation between upper and lower respiratory tract results underscores the need for close monitoring of the clinical evolution of suspect Covid-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32451971, "pmcid": "PMC7246958", "title": "Hyponatremia, IL-6, and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: may all fit together?", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Berni, A", "Malandrino, D", "Parenti, G", "Maggi, M", "Poggesi, L", "Peri, A"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451971", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426200, "pmcid": "PMC7228791", "title": "Encephalopathy as the Sentinel Sign of a Cortical Stroke in a Patient Infected With Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Deliwala, Smit", "Abdulhamid, Sarah", "Abusalih, Mohamed Faisal", "Al-Qasmi, Mohammed M", "Bachuwa, Ghassan"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426200", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus has challenged medical systems worldwide to provide optimal medical care in the setting of limited resources. Although we are uncovering many facets of its disease spectrum, with rapidly emerging data,\u00a0there is still limited knowledge of the sequelae of this infection, making treatment guidelines incomplete and resulting in serious unpredictable outcomes in patients at seemingly low risk, especially ones afflicted by neurological consequences.\u00a0We present a case of a cortical stroke in a 31-year-old coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) positive female with otherwise no stroke risk factors.\u00a0We noted a correlation between cytokine release, encephalopathy, and the onset of stroke symptoms.\u00a0Patients with marked pro-thrombotic and inflammatory markers may benefit from closer neurological monitoring and thromboprophylaxis at therapeutic doses. The establishment of acute care pathways to manage critically ill patients with neurological consequences may reverse the suboptimal outcome trends seen during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32513062, "title": "Family-Centered Information Dissemination: A Multidisciplinary Virtual COVID-19 \"Town Hall\".", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Jayawardena, Asitha D L", "Romano, Sarah", "Callans, Kevin", "Fracchia, M Shannon", "Hartnick, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513062", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Significant misinformation about COVID-19 has been spread on the internet. Parents of children with complex aerodigestive problems have a hard time understanding the information they encounter on the internet and the news media and interpreting how it relates to their child's complex needs. Our multidisciplinary team, at the suggestion of a parent, hosted 3 virtual \"town halls\" in which families could ask questions directly of pediatric otolaryngology, pediatric pulmonology and case management in order to efficiently obtain factual evidence-based up-to-date advice. The information discussed at the town halls was then annotated and disseminated via active, parent-run aerodigestive social media forums. The information disseminated via the town halls reached 4787 Facebook participants."}, {"pmid": 32191350, "pmcid": "PMC7228243", "title": "COVID-2019 and pregnancy: A plea for transparent reporting of all cases.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Lal, Amos", "Mishra, Ajay Kumar"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191350", "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373650, "pmcid": "PMC7197302", "title": "Movement Disorders in the World of COVID-19.", "journal": "Mov Disord Clin Pract", "authors": ["Stoessl, A Jon", "Bhatia, Kailash P", "Merello, Marcelo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373650", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508041, "title": "Significance of clinical phenomes of patients with COVID-19 infection: A learning from 3795 patients in 80 reports.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Linlin", "Wang, Diane C", "Huang, Qihong", "Wang, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508041", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused outbreaks in multiple countries and the number of cases is rapidly increasing through human-to-human transmission. Clinical phenomes of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are critical in distinguishing it from other respiratory infections. The extent and characteristics of those phenomes varied depending on the severities of the infection, for example, beginning with fever or a mild cough, progressed with signs of pneumonia, and worsened with severe or even fatal respiratory difficulty in acute respiratory distress syndrome. We summarized clinical phenomes of 3795 patients with COVID-19 based on 80 published reports from the onset of outbreak to March 2020 to emphasize the importance and specificity of those phenomes in diagnosis and treatment of infection, and evaluate the impact on medical services. The data show that the incidence of male patients was higher than that of females and the level of C-reaction protein was increased as well as most patients' imaging included ground-glass opacity. Clinical phenomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with those of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections. There is an urgent need to develop an artificial intelligence-based machine learning capacity to analyze and integrate radiomics- or imaging-based, patient-based, clinician-based, and molecular measurements-based data to fight the outbreak of COVID-19 and enable more efficient responses to unknown infections in future."}, {"pmid": 32361800, "pmcid": "PMC7195825", "title": "Routine Screening for HIV in an Urban Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Stanford, Kimberly A", "Friedman, Eleanor E", "Schmitt, Jessica", "Spiegel, Thomas", "Ridgway, Jessica P", "Moore, Michelle", "Taylor, Michelle", "Pitrak, David", "McNulty, Moira C"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361800", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391440, "pmcid": "PMC7200322", "title": "Current efforts and challenges facing responses to 2019-nCoV in Africa.", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Lucero-Prisno, Don Eliseo 3rd", "Adebisi, Yusuff Adebayo", "Lin, Xu"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391440", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus is a pandemic that has started to creep into Africa thus making the virus a truly global, health security threat. The number of new 2019-nCoV cases has been rising in Africa, though currently lower than the cases reported outside the region. African countries have activated their Emergency Operations Centres to coordinate responses and preparedness activities to the pandemic. A series of measures such as restricting travel, case detection and contact tracing, mandatory quarantine, guidance and information to the public among other efforts are being implemented across Africa. However, the presence of porous borders, the double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases, poverty, poor health literacy,\u00a0infodemic and family clustering, and most of all, weak health systems, may make containment challenging. It is important for African countries to continue to intensify efforts and address the challenges to effectively respond to the uncertainty the pandemic poses."}, {"pmid": 32417034, "pmcid": "PMC7211579", "title": "Radiology Residency Program Management in the COVID Era - Strategy and Reality.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["England, Eric", "Kanfi, Alisa", "Flink, Carl", "Vagal, Achala", "Sarkany, David", "Patel, Maitray D", "Milburn, James", "Chadalavada, Seetharam", "Jordan, Sheryl"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417034", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181577, "pmcid": "PMC7132190", "title": "The spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus: Health agencies worldwide prepare for the seemingly inevitability of the COVID-19 coronavirus becoming endemic.", "journal": "EMBO Rep", "authors": ["Hunter, Philip"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181577", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While it is too late to confine the COVID-19 coronovirus outbreak to China, a wealth of data spurs epidemiological and vaccine research."}, {"pmid": 32238084, "pmcid": "PMC7157948", "title": "Vertical Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) from Infected Pregnant Mothers to Neonates: A Review.", "journal": "Fetal Pediatr Pathol", "authors": ["Karimi-Zarchi, Mojgan", "Neamatzadeh, Hossein", "Dastgheib, Seyed Alireza", "Abbasi, Hajar", "Mirjalili, Seyed Reza", "Behforouz, Athena", "Ferdosian, Farzad", "Bahrami, Reza"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238084", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Since early December 2019, the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) infection has been prevalent in China and eventually spread to other countries. There are a few published cases of COVID-19 occurring during pregnancy and due the possibility of mother-fetal vertical transmission, there is a concern that the fetuses may be at risk of congenital COVID-19. Methods: We reviewed the risk of vertical transmission of COVID-19 to the fetus of infected mothers by using data of published articles or official websites up to March 4, 2020. Results: A total of 31 infected pregnant mothers with COVID-19 were reported. No COVID-19 infection was detected in their neonates or placentas. Two mothers died from COVID-19-related respiratory complications after delivery. Conclusions: Currently, based on limited data, there is no evidence for intrauterine transmission of COVID-19 from infected pregnant women to their fetuses. Mothers may be at increased risk for more severe respiratory complications."}, {"pmid": 32329262, "pmcid": "PMC7183842", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Risk Communication, Shared Responsibility, and Mutual Trust Are Matters: Real Lessons from Closure of Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Taeshik", "Lee, Jin Yong"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329262", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422331, "pmcid": "PMC7227605", "title": "COVID-19 and the Role of Neurosurgeons in Nepal.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Thapa, Amit"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422331", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the panic and chaos that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has generated in over 200 countries, the role of neurosurgeons has never been more relevant and challenging. The health system in Nepal was never geared to face an onslaught of an infectious disease. At Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, we designated a separate complex for housing COVID-19 suspects to prevent the unaffected from getting exposed. In a few hospitals, existing neurosurgical and medical intensive care units have been converted to isolation intensive care units. A separate roster of doctors, nurses, and allied staff has been drafted to care for these patients to avoid contamination and allow effective quarantine of the staff involved in care. At the directive of the government, all neurosurgical centers postponed routine cases and some have closed their outpatient departments because of the lack of protective gear. All neurosurgical centers have seen drastic reductions in cases. In these challenging times, we neurosurgeons, who are naturally primed and trained to respond and take on challenges in difficult situations, have the ideal opportunity to shine and make a true difference during this pandemic and beyond and be \"5-star doctors.\""}, {"pmid": 32532356, "title": "Safety and efficacy assessment of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells to treat patients with severe COVID-19: structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Phase I / II).", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Ye, Qingsong", "Wang, Hua", "Xia, Xia", "Zhou, Chenliang", "Liu, Zhiming", "Xia, Zun-En", "Zhang, Zhan", "Zhao, Yang", "Yehenala, Jun", "Wang, Si", "Zhou, Gangqiao", "Hu, Ke", "Wu, Bin", "Wu, Chu-Tse", "Wang, Songling", "He, Yan"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532356", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the safety and therapeutic effects of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in treating severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19. This is a single centre, two arm ratio 1:1, triple blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, clinical trial. Twenty serious COVID-19 cases will be enrolled in the trial from April 6th to December 31st 2020. hospitalised patients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University satisfy all criteria as below: 1)Adults aged 18-65 years;2)Voluntarily participate in this clinical trial and sign the \"informed consent form\" or have consent from a legal representative.3)Diagnosed with severe pneumonia of COVID-19: nucleic acid test SARS-CoV-2 positive; respiratory distress (respiratory rate > 30 times / min); hypoxia (resting oxygen saturation < 93% or arterial partial pressure of oxygen / oxygen concentration < 300 mmHg).4)COVID-19 featured lung lesions in chest X-ray image. Patients will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria. 1.Patients have received other experimental treatment for COVID-19 within the last 30 days;2.Patients have severe liver condition (e.g., Child Pugh score >=C or AST> 5 times of the upper limit);3.Patients with severe renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate <=30mL / min/1.73 m2) or patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis;4.Patients who are co-infected with HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, influenza virus, adenovirus or other respiratory infection viruses;5.Female patients who have no sexual protection in the last 30 days prior to the screening assessment;6.Pregnant or lactating women or women using estrogen contraception;7.Patients who are planning to become pregnant during the study period or within 6 months after the end of the study period;8.Other conditions that the researchers consider not suitable for participating in this clinical trial. There will be two study groups: experimental and control. Both will receive all necessary routine treatment for COVID-19. The experimental group will receive an intravenous injection of dental pulp stem cells suspension (3.0x107 human DPSCs in 30ml saline solution) on day 1, 4 and 7; The control group will receive an equal amount of saline (placebo) on the same days. Clinical and laboratory observations will be performed for analysis during a period of 28 days for each case since the commencement of the study. 1. Primary outcome The primary outcome is Time To Clinical Improvement (TTCI). By definition, TTCI is the time (days) it takes to downgrade two levels from the following six ordered grades [(grade 1) discharge to (grade 6) death] in the clinical state of admission to the start of study treatments (hDPSCs or placebo). Six grades of ordered variables: GradeDescriptionGrade 1:Discharged of patient;Grade 2:Hospitalized without oxygen supplement;Grade 3:Hospitalized, oxygen supplement is required, but NIV / HFNC is not required;Grade 4:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, and NIV / HFNC treatment is required;Grade 5:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, requiring ECMO and/or IMV;Grade 6:Death. NIV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; HFNC, high-flow nasal catheter; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation. 2. Secondary outcomes 2.1 vital signs: heart rate, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure). During the screening period, hospitalization every day (additional time points of D1, D4, D7 30min before injection, 2h \u00b1 30min, 24h \u00b1 30min after the injection) and follow-up period D90 \u00b1 3 days. 2.2 Laboratory examinations: during the screening period, 30 minutes before D1, D4, D7 infusion, 2h \u00b1 30min, 24h \u00b1 30min after the end of infusion, D10, D14, D28 during hospitalization or discharge day and follow-up period D90 \u00b1 3 days. 2.3 Blood routine: white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils Acidic granulocyte count, basophil count, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells, average red blood cell Hb content, average red blood cell Hb concentration, RDW standard deviation, RDW coefficient of variation, platelet count, platelet specific platelet average Volume, platelet distribution width,% of large platelets; 2.4 Liver and kidney function tests: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, \u03b3-glutamyl transferase, prealbumin, total protein, albumin, globulin, white / globule ratio , Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholinesterase, urea, creatinine, total carbon dioxide, uric acid glucose, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, corrected calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product, anion gap, penetration Pressure, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein a, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, estimated glomerular filtration rate. 2.5 Inflammation indicators: hypersensitive C-reactive protein, serum amyloid (SAA); 2.6 Infectious disease testing: Hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb), Hepatitis C (Anti-HCV), AIDS (HIVcombin), syphilis (Anti-TP), cytomegalovirus CMV-IgM, cytomegalovirus CMV-IgG; only during the screening period and follow-up period D90 \u00b1 3. 2.7 Immunological testing: Collect peripheral blood to detect the phenotype of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, natural killer cell, Macrophage and neutrophil by using flow cytometry. Collect peripheral blood to detect the gene profile of mononuclear cells by using single-cell analyses. Collect peripheral blood serum to detect various immunoglobulin changes: IgA, IgG, IgM, total IgE; Collect peripheral blood serum to explore the changes of cytokines, Th1 cytokines (IL-1 \u03b2, IL-2, TNF-a, ITN-\u03b3), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL -10). 2.8 Pregnancy test: blood \u03b2-HCG, female subjects before menopause are examined during the screening period and follow-up period D90 \u00b1 3. 2.9 Urine routine: color, clarity, urine sugar, bilirubin, ketone bodies, specific gravity, pH, urobilinogen, nitrite, protein, occult blood, leukocyte enzymes, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells , Transparent cast, pathological cast, crystal, fungus; 2.10 Stool Routine: color, traits, white blood cells, red blood cells, fat globules, eggs of parasites, fungi, occult blood (chemical method), occult blood (immune method), transferrin (2h \u00b1 30min after the injection and not detected after discharge). Block randomization method will be applied by computer to allocate the participants into experimental and control groups. The random ratio is 1:1. Participants, outcomes assessors and investigators (including personnel in laboratory and imaging department who issue the sample report or image observations) will be blinded. Injections of cell suspension and saline will be coded in accordance with the patient's randomisation group. The blind strategy is kept by an investigator who does not deliver the medical care or assess primary outcome results. Twenty participants will be randomized to the experimental and control groups (10 per group). Protocol version number, hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 Version 2.0, March 13, 2020. Patients screening commenced on 16th April and an estimated date of the recruitment of the final participants will be around end of July. . Registration: World Health Organization Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000031319; March 27,2020. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04336254; April 7, 2020 Other Study ID Numbers: hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32489022, "title": "[Application of Reyanning Mixture in evaluating combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Bao, Lei", "Shi, Yu-Jing", "Geng, Zi-Han", "Sun, Jing", "Zhao, Rong-Hua", "DU, Cheng-Qiang", "Chu, Ya-Jun", "Cui, Xiao-Lan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489022", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the previous research, our laboratory established a mouse model combining disease with syndrome of human coronavi-rus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome, based on the national traditional Chinese medicine clinical classification of Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan. In this study, a mouse model combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Reyanning Mixture to provide animal experimental support for clinical application. Mice were divided into normal group, 229 E infection group, cold-dampness group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group(the model group), Reyanning high and low dose groups. The cold-dampness group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group, two Reyanning groups were given cold and damp stimulation for 7 days. On the 5 th day, the 229 E infection group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group, and two Reyanning groups were infected with HCoV-229 E virus. Reyanning was administered for 3 days, starting from the day of infection. Blood was collected on the 4 th day and the lung tissue was dissected to calculate the lung index and inhibition rate; flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood; RT-PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid virus load in lung tissue; ELISA was used to detect motilin and gastrin in serum, and inflammatory factors TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, IL-10 in lung tissue proteins. Reyanning Mixture could reduce the lung index(P<0.01) of coronavirus pneumonia mice with pestilence attacking the lung; it could significantly increase the percentage of CD8~+ T lymphocytes and CD4~+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of model mice(P<0.05, P<0.01). The low dose of Reyanning could effectively increase the percentage of total B lymphocytes(P<0.05), reduce virus load in lung tissue of model mice(P<0.01), reduce the levels of TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, IL-10 in the lung tissue of model mice(P<0.01), reduce the content of motilin in the serum of model mice(P<0.01). Reyanning Mixture convey a better effect in treating coronavirus pneumonia mice with pestilence attacking the lung. It manifested obvious effects in improving lung lesions, enhancing the gastrointestinal function of mice, improving the autoimmune function of mice, and reducing the expression of inflammatory factors in vivo, which could provide evidences for clinical research."}, {"pmid": 32373340, "pmcid": "PMC7183246", "title": "Epidemiological analysis of the early 38 fatalities in Hubei, China, of the coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Chen, Yifei", "Zhao, Meizhen", "Wu, Yifan", "Zang, Shuang"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373340", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei province of China by the end of 2019, it has burned its way across the globe, resulting in a still fast-growing death toll that far exceeded those from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in less than two months. As there is a paucity of evidence on which population is more likely to progress into severe conditions among cases, we looked into the first cluster of death cases, aiming to add to current evidence and reduce panic among the population. We prospectively collected the demographic and clinical data of the first 38 fatalities whose information was made public by the Health Commission of Hubei province and the official Weibo account of China Central Television news center, starting from 9 January through 24 January 2020. The death cases were described from four aspects (gender and age characteristics, underlying diseases, the time course of death, symptoms at the incipience of illness and hospital admission). Among the 38 fatalities, 71.05% were male, and 28.95% were female, with the median age of 70 years (interquartile range (IQR)\u2009=\u200965-81). Persons aged 66-75 made up the largest share. Twenty-five cases had a history of chronic diseases. The median time between the first symptoms and death was 12.50 days (IQR\u2009=\u200910.00-16.25), while the median time between the admission and death was 8.50 (IQR\u2009=\u20095.00-12.00) days. In persons aged over 56 years, the time between the first symptoms and death decreased with age, and so did the time between the admission and death, though the latter increased again in persons aged over 85 years. The major first symptoms included fever (52.63%), cough (31.58%), dyspnea (23.68%), myalgia and fatigue (15.79%). Among the death cases, persons with underlying diseases and aged over 65 made up the majority. The time between the first symptoms and death decreased with the advanced age. In all the age groups, males dominated the fatalities."}, {"pmid": 32415341, "pmcid": "PMC7226710", "title": "Oncology services in corona times: a flash interview among German cancer patients and their physicians.", "journal": "J Cancer Res Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Buntzel, Jens", "Klein, Michael", "Keinki, Christian", "Walter, Stefanie", "Buntzel, Judith", "Hubner, Jutta"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415341", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public discussion and health-care systems worldwide have been focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic. Does it have an impact on cancer care today? The PRIO (\"Prevention and Integrative Oncology\") Working Group (German Cancer Society) has initiated an online survey for physicians, medical staff and patients on April 16, 2020. Between April 16 and April 19, 47 doctors and 146 patients filled in the questionnaires. The survey is ongoing. We present the first data. A majority of German patients (76%) and physicians (71%) report moderate or high restriction in their daily life. A minority (patients 25%, physicians 13%) was not worried that necessary treatments or diagnostics were restricted. Organizing cancer care needs more time and efforts for 56% of all reporting doctors. 98% of all oncologists think that restriction of family visits has a negative impact on the mental health of cancer patients. Half of all participants (patients 43%, physicians 47%) expect negative consequences on the physical status of our patients. Patients feel the existing emotional stress in 34% of their physicians. 52% of physicians fear mental and/or physical longtime consequences for themselves. There is a high level of mental and physical stress triggered by the present COVID-19 management. After only a few weeks, human resources are limited. They will be the most important key for further health-care services for patients with cancer and other chronic diseases."}, {"pmid": 32360977, "pmcid": "PMC7184981", "title": "The role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Covid-19: Only an hypothesis or a potential new field of research?", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Mozzini, Chiara", "Girelli, Domenico"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360977", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399895, "pmcid": "PMC7216850", "title": "Possible role of low-dose etoposide therapy for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis by COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Hematol", "authors": ["Takami, Akiyoshi"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399895", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413300, "pmcid": "PMC7190493", "title": "SnapShot: COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Oberfeld, Blake", "Achanta, Aditya", "Carpenter, Kendall", "Chen, Pamela", "Gilette, Nicole M", "Langat, Pinky", "Said, Jordan Taylor", "Schiff, Abigail E", "Zhou, Allen S", "Barczak, Amy K", "Pillai, Shiv"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413300", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. Viral entry is mediated through viral spike protein and host ACE2 enzyme interaction. Most cases are mild; severe disease often involves cytokine storm and organ failure. Therapeutics including antivirals, immunomodulators, and vaccines are in development. To view this SnapShot, open or download the PDF."}, {"pmid": 32523858, "pmcid": "PMC7273387", "title": "Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19-Related Patient Outcomes in Different Countries and Plan of Action: A Retrospective Analysis.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Roy, Sayak", "Khalse, Maneesha"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523858", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current development around the pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents a significant healthcare resource burden threatening to overwhelm the available nationwide healthcare infrastructure. It is essential to consider, especially for resource-limited nations, strategizing the coordinated response to handle this crisis effectively and preparing for the upcoming emergence of calamity caused by this yet-to-know disease entity. Relevant epidemiological data were retrieved from currently available online reports related to COVID-19 patients. The correlation coefficient was calculated by plotting dependant variables - the number of COVID-19 cases and the number of deaths due to COVID 19 on the Y-axis and independent variables - critical-care beds per capita, the median age of the population of the country, the number of COVID-19 tests per million population, population density (persons per square km), urban population percentage, and gross domestic product (GDP) expense on health care - on the X-axis. After analyzing the data, both the fatality rate and the total number of COVID-19 cases were found to have an inverse association with the population density with the variable - the number of cases of COVID-19 - achieving a statistical significance (p-value 0.01). The negative correlation between critical care beds and the fatality rate is well-justified, as intensive care unit (ICU) beds and ventilators are the critical elements in the management of complicated cases. There was also a significant positive correlation between GDP expenses on healthcare by a country and the number of COVID-19 cases being registered (p-value 0.008), although that did not affect mortality (p-value 0.851). This analysis discusses the overview of various epidemiological determinants possibly contributing to the variation in patient outcomes across regions and helps improve our understanding to develop a plan of action and effective control measures in the future."}, {"pmid": 32242896, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Children: What Pediatric Health Care Clinicians Need to Know.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Rasmussen, Sonja A", "Thompson, Lindsay A"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242896", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533957, "title": "Individualizing risk prediction for positive COVID-19 testing: results from 11,672 patients.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Jehi, Lara", "Ji, Xinge", "Milinovich, Alex", "Erzurum, Serpil", "Rubin, Brian", "Gordon, Steve", "Young, James", "Kattan, Michael W"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533957", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is sweeping the globe. Despite multiple case-series, actionable knowledge to proactively tailor decision-making is missing. Can a statistical model accurately predict infection with COVID? and Methods: We developed a prospective registry of all patients tested for COVID-19 in Cleveland Clinic to create individualized risk prediction models. We focus here on likelihood of a positive nasal or oropharyngeal COVID-19 test [COVID-19 (+)]. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression algorithm was constructed, which removed variables that were not contributing to the model's cross-validated concordance index. Following external validation in a temporally and geographically-distinct cohort, the statistical prediction model was illustrated as a nomogram and deployed in an online risk calculator. 11,672 patients fulfilled study criteria in the development cohort, including 818 (7.0%) COVID-19 (+), and 2,295 patients fulfilled criteria in the validation cohort including 290 COVID-19 (+). Males, African Americans, older patients, and those with known COVID-19 exposure were at higher risk of being COVID-19 (+). Risk was reduced in those who had pneumococcal polysaccharide or influenza vaccine, or were on melatonin, paroxetine, or carvedilol. Our model had favorable discrimination (c-statistic=0.863 in development; 0.840 in validation cohort) and calibration. We present sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value at different prediction cut-offs.The calculator is freely available at https://riskcalc.org/COVID19. Prediction of a COVID-19 (+) test is possible and could help direct healthcare resources. We demonstrate relevance of age, race, gender, and socioeconomic characteristics in COVID-19-susceptibility and suggest a potential modifying role of certain common vaccinations and drugs identified in drug-repurposing studies."}, {"pmid": 32372573, "title": "Encountering COVID-19 as Endocrinologists.", "journal": "Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)", "authors": ["Rhee, Eun Jung", "Kim, Jung Hee", "Moon, Sun Joon", "Lee, Won Young"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372573", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is entering an era of disaster and chaos due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Since its first emergence in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 has swept through Asia and propagated throughout the world to Europe and North America. As of April 13, 1,773,084 people were infected and 111,652 people had died from COVID-19 globally, and new record levels of infection are being reported every day. Based on the data that have been amassed so far, the primary risk factors for a severe disease course or even mortality from COVID-19 are underlying diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. As the global prevalence of diabetes continues to increase, patients with endocrine diseases such as diabetes mellitus and those who are on long-term corticosteroid therapy due to adrenal insufficiency or hypopituitarism are at risk for a poor prognosis of COVID-19. As endocrinologists, we would like to briefly review the current knowledge about the relationship between COVID-19 and endocrine diseases and to discuss what we can do for the safety and health of our patients with endocrine diseases in this globally threatening situation."}, {"pmid": 32428115, "pmcid": "PMC7213672", "title": "Surgical Practice in the Current COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Systematic Review.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Hojaij, Flavio Carneiro", "Chinelatto, Lucas Albuquerque", "Boog, Gustavo Henrique Pereira", "Kasmirski, Julia Adriana", "Lopes, Joao Vitor Ziroldo", "Sacramento, Fernando Mauad"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428115", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak </mac_aq>started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and evolved into a global problem in a short period. The pandemic has led to many social and health-care challenges. In this context, surgery is an area that is facing the need for many adaptations. In this systematic literature review, we analyzed different perspectives concerning this situation, aiming to provide recommendations that could guide surgeons and </mac_aq>entities toward screening, elective and emergency surgeries, decision making, and operating room management. A computerized search in PubMed, Scopus, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) for relevant literature up to April 4, 2020, was performed. Articles were included if they were related to surgery dynamics in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 281 articles found in our initial search and 15 articles from alternative sources, 39 were included in our review after a systematic evaluation. Concerning preoperative testing </mac_aq>for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, 29 (74.4%) articles recommended some kind of </mac_aq>screening. Another major suggestion was postponing all (or at least selected) elective operations (29 articles, </mac_aq>74.4%). Several additional recommendations with respect to surgical practice or surgical staff were also assessed and discussed, such as performing laparoscopic surgeries and avoiding the use of electrocauterization. On the basis of the current literature, we concluded that any surgery that can be delayed should be postponed. COVID-19 screening is strongly recommended for all surgical cases. Moreover, surgical staff should be reduced to the essential members and provided with institutional psychological support."}, {"pmid": 32297317, "pmcid": "PMC7262170", "title": "Management of COVID-19-related paediatric blood samples in a clinical haematology laboratory.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Lam, Joyce C M", "Moshi, Grace B", "Ang, Soh H", "Chew, Hui M", "Ng, Qing H", "Madjukie, Andrew", "Logeswary, Muthiah"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297317", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448084, "title": "Analytical comparisons of SARS-COV-2 detection by qRT-PCR and ddPCR with multiple primer/probe sets.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Xinjin", "Feng, Jiangpeng", "Zhang, Qiuhan", "Guo, Dong", "Zhang, Lu", "Suo, Tao", "Hu, Wenjia", "Guo, Ming", "Wang, Xin", "Huang, Zhixiang", "Xiong, Yong", "Chen, Guozhong", "Chen, Yu", "Lan, Ke"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448084", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Different primers/probes sets have been developed all over the world for the nucleic acid detection of SARS-CoV-2 by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) as a standard method. In our recent study, we explored the feasibility of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for clinical SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection compared with qRT-PCR using the same primer/probe sets issued by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) targeting viral ORF1ab or N gene, which showed that ddPCR could largely minimize the false negatives reports resulted by qRT-PCR [Suo T, Liu X, Feng J, et al. ddPCR: a more sensitive and accurate tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection in low viral load specimens. medRxiv [Internet]. 2020;2020.02.29.20029439. Available from: https://medrxiv.org/content/early/2020/03/06/2020.02.29.20029439.abstract]. Here, we further stringently compared the performance of qRT-PCR and ddPCR for 8 primer/probe sets with the same clinical samples and conditions. Results showed that none of 8 primer/probe sets used in qRT-PCR could significantly distinguish true negatives and positives with low viral load (10-4 dilution). Moreover, false positive reports of qRT-PCR with UCDC-N1, N2 and CCDC-N primers/probes sets were observed. In contrast, ddPCR showed significantly better performance in general for low viral load samples compared to qRT-PCR. Remarkably, the background readouts of ddPCR are relatively lower, which could efficiently reduce the production of false positive reports."}, {"pmid": 32436625, "title": "Low risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through the ocular surface.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Deng, Chaohua", "Yang, Yang", "Chen, Huawen", "Chen, Wei", "Chen, Zhiqi", "Ma, Ke", "Wang, Junming"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436625", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504979, "pmcid": "PMC7259904", "title": "Drop in urban air pollution from COVID-19 pandemic: Policy implications for the megacity of Sao Paulo.", "journal": "Environ Pollut", "authors": ["Krecl, Patricia", "Targino, Admir Creso", "Oukawa, Gabriel Yoshikazu", "Cassino Junior, Regis Pacheco"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504979", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446866, "pmcid": "PMC7241406", "title": "The eye as the discrete but defensible portal of coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Ocul Surf", "authors": ["Coroneo, Minas Theodore"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446866", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Oculo-centric factors may provide a key to understanding invasion success by SARS-CoV-2, a highly contagious, potentially lethal, virus with ocular tropism. Respiratory infection transmission via the eye and lacrimal-nasal pathway elucidated during the 1918 influenza pandemic, remains to be explored in this crisis. The eye and its adnexae represent a large surface area directly exposed to airborne viral particles and hand contact. The virus may bind to corneal and conjunctival angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and potentially to the lipophilic periocular skin and superficial tear film with downstream carriage into the nasopharynx and subsequent access to the lungs and gut. Adenoviruses and influenza viruses share this ocular tropism and despite differing ocular and systemic manifestations and disease patterns, common lessons, particularly in management, emerge. Slit lamp usage places ophthalmologists at particular risk of exposure to high viral loads (and poor prognosis) and as for adenoviral epidemics, this may be a setting for disease transmission. Local, rather than systemic treatments blocking virus binding in this pathway (advocated for adenovirus) are worth considering. This pathway is accessible with eye drops or aerosols containing drugs which appear efficacious via systemic administration. A combination such as hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and zinc, all of which have previously been used topically in the eye and which work at least in part by blocking ACE2 receptors, may offer a safe, cost-effective and resource-sparing intervention."}, {"pmid": 32401712, "pmcid": "PMC7211497", "title": "Interferon beta-1b for COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Shalhoub, Sarah"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401712", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466822, "title": "Experiences and practices in the current prevention and control of the novel coronavirus pneumonia in China.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Shao, Shen", "Zhou, Zichen", "Li, Yue", "Liu, Shuyu", "Lu, Lu", "Hou, Shike", "Fan, Bin", "Cao, Chunxia", "Fan, Haojun"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466822", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a number of new infectious diseases, mainly lung diseases caused by novel coronavirus infections, have been discovered in Wuhan, Hubei province. With the spread of the epidemic, cases in other regions of China and abroad have been confirmed. This sudden outbreak of a new type of infectious disease has seriously threatened people's health and safety, and China has adopted strong prevention and control measures in response. To provide a reference for international health emergency management workers, this article summarizes, from an academic perspective, the main prevention and control measures taken in China."}, {"pmid": 32458760, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic - An African perspective.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Lone, Shabir Ahmad", "Ahmad, Aijaz"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458760", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recently emerged novel coronavirus, \"severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)\", caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus was first reported from Wuhan city in China in December, 2019, which in less than three months spread throughout the globe and was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th of March, 2020. So far, the ongoing pandemic severely damaged the world's most developed countries and is becoming a major threat for low- and middle-income countries. The poorest continent, Africa with the most vulnerable populations to infectious diseases, is predicted to be significantly affected by the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, in this review we collected and summarised the currently available literature on the epidemiology, etiology, vulnerability, preparedness and economic impact of COVID-19 in Africa, which could be useful and provide necessary information on ongoing COVID-19 pandemics in the continent. We also briefly summarised the concomitance of the COVID-19 pandemic and global warming."}, {"pmid": 32525711, "title": "Re: \"Maxillofacial Trauma Management During COVID-19: Multidisciplinary Recommendations,\" by Edwards et al. and \"A Guide to Facial Trauma Triage and Precautions in the COVID-19 Pandemic\" by Hsieh et al.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Elmaraghi, Shady", "Rao, Venkat K", "Mount, Delora L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525711", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412328, "title": "The challenging battle of mankind against COVID-19 outbreak: Is this global international biological catastrophe the beginning of a new era?", "journal": "J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)", "authors": ["Doral, Mahmut Nedim", "Bilge, Onur"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412328", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395920, "title": "Emergency services and the fight against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Emergencias", "authors": ["Gonzalez Armengol, Juan", "Vazquez Lima, Tato"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395920", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32109273, "pmcid": "PMC7107563", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship: estimating the epidemic potential and effectiveness of public health countermeasures.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Rocklov, J", "Sjodin, H", "Wilder-Smith, A"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32109273", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cruise ships carry a large number of people in confined spaces with relative homogeneous mixing. On 3 February, 2020, an outbreak of COVID-19 on cruise ship Diamond Princess was reported with 10 initial cases, following an index case on board around 21-25th January. By 4th February, public health measures such as removal and isolation of ill passengers and quarantine of non-ill passengers were implemented. By 20th February, 619 of 3700 passengers and crew (17%) were tested positive. We estimated the basic reproduction number from the initial period of the outbreak using SEIR models. We calibrated the models with transient functions of countermeasures to incidence data. We additionally estimated a counterfactual scenario in absence of countermeasures, and established a model stratified by crew and guests to study the impact of differential contact rates among the groups. We also compared scenarios of an earlier versus later evacuation of the ship. The basic reproduction rate was initially 4 times higher on-board compared to the ${R}_0$ in the epicentre in Wuhan, but the countermeasures lowered it substantially. Based on the modeled initial ${R}_0$ of 14.8, we estimated that without any interventions within the time period of 21 January to 19 February, 2920 out of the 3700 (79%) would have been infected. Isolation and quarantine therefore prevented 2307 cases, and lowered the ${R}_0$ to 1.78. We showed that an early evacuation of all passengers on 3 February would have been associated with 76 infected persons in their incubation time. The cruise ship conditions clearly amplified an already highly transmissible disease. The public health measures prevented more than 2000 additional cases compared to no interventions. However, evacuating all passengers and crew early on in the outbreak would have prevented many more passengers and crew from infection."}, {"pmid": 32061333, "pmcid": "PMC7128440", "title": "Protecting health-care workers from subclinical coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Chang, De", "Xu, Huiwen", "Rebaza, Andre", "Sharma, Lokesh", "Dela Cruz, Charles S"], "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061333", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422983, "title": "No Autopsies on COVID-19 Deaths: A Missed Opportunity and the Lockdown of Science.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Salerno, Monica", "Sessa, Francesco", "Piscopo, Amalia", "Montana, Angelo", "Torrisi, Marco", "Patane, Federico", "Murabito, Paolo", "Volti, Giovanni Li", "Pomara, Cristoforo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422983", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of COVID-19 infection, which started in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019, is an ongoing challenge and a significant threat to public health requiring surveillance, prompt diagnosis, and research efforts to understand a new, emergent, and unknown pathogen and to develop effective therapies. Despite the increasing number of published studies on COVID-19, in all the examined studies the lack of a well-defined pathophysiology of death among patients who died following COVID-19 infection is evident. Autopsy should be considered mandatory to define the exact cause of death, thus providing useful clinical and epidemiologic information as well as pathophysiological insights to further provide therapeutic tools. A literature review was performed on PubMed database, using the key terms: \"COVID-19\", \"nCov 19\", and \"Sars Cov 2\". 9709 articles were retrieved; by excluding all duplicated articles, additional criteria were then applied: articles or abstracts in English and articles containing one of the following words: \"death\", \"died\", \"comorbidity\", \"cause of death\", \"biopsy\", \"autopsy\", or \"pathological\". A total of 50 articles met the inclusion criteria. However, only 7 of these studies reported autopsy-based data. The analysis of the main data from the selected studies concerns the complete analysis of 12,954 patients, of whom 2269 died (with a mortality rate of 17.52%). Laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection was obtained in all cases and comorbidities were fully reported in 46 studies. The most common comorbidities were: cardiovascular diseases (hypertension and coronary artery disease), metabolic disorders (diabetes, overweight, or obesity), respiratory disorders (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and cancer. The most common reported complications were: acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney injury, cardiac injury, liver insufficiency, and septic shock. Only 7 papers reported histological investigations. Nevertheless, only two complete autopsies are described and the cause of death was listed as COVID-19 in only one of them. The lack of postmortem investigation did not allow a definition of the exact cause of death to determine the pathways of this infection. Based on the few histopathological findings reported in the analyzed studies, it seems to be a clear alteration of the coagulation system: frequently prothrombotic activity with consequent thromboembolism was described in COVID-19 patients. As a scientific community, we are called on to face this global threat, and to defeat it with all the available tools necessary. Despite the improvement and reinforcement of any method of study in every field of medicine and science, encouraging the autopsy practice as a tool of investigation could also therefore, help physicians to define an effective treatment to reduce mortality."}, {"pmid": 32420940, "title": "The role of the radiologist in diagnosing the COVID-19 infection. Parma experiences.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Balbi, Maurizio", "Ristani, Adela", "Milanese, Gianluca", "Silva, Mario", "Ledda, Roberta Eufrasia", "Milone, Francesca", "Sartorio, Carlotta", "Tringali, Giulia", "Sverzellati, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420940", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease that ranges from an asymptomatic or mild flu-like illness to severe pneumonia, multiorgan failure, and death. Imaging might play an important role in clinical decision making by supporting rapid triage of patients with suspected COVID-19 and assessing supervening complications, such as super-added bacterial infection and thrombosis. Further studies will clarify the real impact of imaging on COVID-19 patients' management and the potential role of radiology in future outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32489188, "title": "[CoViD-19 and stress in the pandemic: \"sanity is not statistical\"].", "journal": "Riv Psichiatr", "authors": ["Biondi, Massimo", "Iannitelli, Angela"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489188", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "CoViD-19 pandemic is causing serious consequences on mental health, consequences that are considered that bad that World Health Organization has affirmed that mental health defence is priority in this particular moment of development of pandemic. In light of this alertness, what we are interested in approaching in this work, is the specific stress condition caused by pandemic, which underlies and precedes the described classification of diseases and which is going towards an increase in the entire world, including Italy. The stress caused by pandemic is a new condition in comparison with what is known in clinical practice and with what is included in the classification of mental disorder. The ongoing stress condition and the mixture of different types of unconventional stress, which not only hits the present but also disrupts the future, create an entirely new form of clinical condition given by pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32497913, "pmcid": "PMC7252118", "title": "A current review of COVID-19 for the cardiovascular specialist.", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Lang, Joshua P", "Wang, Xiaowen", "Moura, Filipe A", "Siddiqi, Hasan K", "Morrow, David A", "Bohula, Erin A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497913", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predominantly disrupts the respiratory system, there is accumulating experience that the disease, particularly in its more severe manifestations, also affects the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular risk factors and chronic cardiovascular conditions are prevalent among patients affected by COVID-19 and associated with adverse outcomes. However, whether pre-existing cardiovascular disease is an independent determinant of higher mortality risk with COVID-19 remains uncertain. Acute cardiac injury, manifest by increased blood levels of cardiac troponin, electrocardiographic abnormalities, or myocardial dysfunction, occurs in up to ~60% of hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. Potential contributors to acute cardiac injury in the setting of COVID-19 include (1) acute changes in myocardial demand and supply due to tachycardia, hypotension, and hypoxemia resulting in type 2 myocardial infarction; (2) acute coronary syndrome due to acute atherothrombosis in a virally induced thrombotic and inflammatory milieu; (3) microvascular dysfunction due to diffuse microthrombi or vascular injury; (4) stress-related cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo syndrome); (5) nonischemic myocardial injury due to a hyperinflammatory cytokine storm; or (6) direct viral cardiomyocyte toxicity and myocarditis. Diffuse thrombosis is emerging as an important contributor to adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Practitioners should be vigilant for cardiovascular complications of COVID-19. Monitoring may include serial cardiac troponin and natriuretic peptides, along with fibrinogen, D-dimer, and inflammatory biomarkers. Management decisions should rely on the clinical assessment for the probability of ongoing myocardial ischemia, as well as alternative nonischemic causes of injury, integrating the level of suspicion for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32249538, "title": "COVID-19 and urology: a comprehensive review of the literature.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Puliatti, Stefano", "Eissa, Ahmed", "Eissa, Radwa", "Amato, Marco", "Mazzone, Elio", "Dell'Oglio, Paolo", "Sighinolfi, Maria Chiara", "Zoeir, Ahmed", "Micali, Salvatore", "Bianchi, Giampaolo", "Patel, Vipul", "Wiklund, Peter", "Coelho, Rafael F", "Bernhard, Jean-Christophe", "Dasgupta, Prokar", "Mottrie, Alexandre", "Rocco, Bernardo"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss the impact of COVID-19 on global health, particularly on urological practice and to review some of the available recommendations reported in the literature. In the current narrative review the PubMed database was searched to identify all the related reports discussing the impact of COVID-19 on the urological field. The COVID-19 pandemic is the latest and biggest global health threat. Medical and surgical priorities have changed dramatically to cope with the current challenge. These changes include postponements of all elective outpatient visits and surgical procedures to save facilities and resources for urgent cases and patients with COVID-19 patients. This review discuss some of the related changes in urology. Over the coming weeks, healthcare workers including urologists will be facing increasingly difficult challenges, and consequently, they should adopt triage strategy to avoid wasting of medical resources and they should endorse sufficient protection policies to guard against infection when dealing with COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32444349, "title": "Public inquiry into UK's response to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["McKee, Martin", "Gill, Mike", "Wollaston, Sarah"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444349", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32089242, "pmcid": "PMC7131387", "title": "Another coronavirus, another epidemic, another warning.", "journal": "Vaccine", "authors": ["Poland, Gregory A"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32089242", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473051, "title": "Massive coronary thrombosis caused primary percutaneous coronary intervention to fail in a COVID-19 patient with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Seif, Sherif", "Ayuna, Ahmed", "Kumar, Abhishek", "Macdonald, John"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473051", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a new viral infection that has a significant impact on global health and economy. Because of its rapid spread worldwide, it may influence the prognosis of other medical conditions, such as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We report a case of a 58-year female patient admitted with an infero-posterior STEMI on the background of recently positive COVID-19 swab. Reperfusion was attempted through primary PCI but unfortunately failed to restore coronary blood flow due to massive thrombotic burden despite several attempts of balloon dilatation and aspiration thrombectomy. She sadly died later on because of hemodynamic deterioration. This scenario raises concerns about Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETS) which might potentially have propagated inflammation and thrombosis via platelets' aggregation leading to enhanced coagulopathy and massive coronary thrombosis. Therefore, we suggest primary PCI as the first-choice of revascularization in patients with combined COVID-19 and STEMI. Additionally, we emphasize on the importance of using the potent new generation P2Y12 inhibitors along with GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors in every STEMI patient with COVID-19 to achieve favorable conditions for primary PCI as well as favorable outcomes after stent implantation."}, {"pmid": 32165415, "title": "Covid-19: Trump cancels all flights from Europe, apart from the UK.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165415", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294864, "title": "[Thinking on clinical rational use of TCM injection in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Z F", "Wang, Y P", "Zhang, H M", "Fan, Y P", "Lu, C", "Wang, Y Y"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294864", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427529, "title": "Digital Translucence: Adapting Telemedicine Delivery Post-COVID-19.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Kannampallil, Thomas", "Ma, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427529", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    In nearly 1 month, with a rapidly expanding corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), telemedicine has been transformed into an essential service for delivering routine clinical care. This transformation occurred as a crisis management response-driven by the need to provide care for patients with physical distancing measures in place. However, the current rapid adoption of telemedicine presents a transitional state between one that existed before the pandemic and one that could potentially be better aligned with the delivery of a personalized model of care. Using the conceptual framework of digital translucence-situating virtual encounters with more nuanced information regarding patients-we describe the role of integrated remote monitoring and virtual care tools aligned with the patient's electronic health record for adapting telemedicine delivery post-COVID-19.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32375540, "title": "Mental Health Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in China.", "journal": "Am J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Zhou, Junying", "Liu, Liu", "Xue, Pei", "Yang, Xiaorong", "Tang, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375540", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331255, "pmcid": "PMC7238035", "title": "Origin, Potential Therapeutic Targets and Treatment for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Nadeem, Muhammad Shahid", "Zamzami, Mazin A", "Choudhry, Hani", "Murtaza, Bibi Nazia", "Kazmi, Imran", "Ahmad, Habib", "Shakoori, Abdul Rauf"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331255", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing episode of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has imposed a serious threat to global health and the world economy. The disease has rapidly acquired a pandemic status affecting almost all populated areas of the planet. The causative agent of COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. The virus has an approximate 30 kb single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome, which is 74.5% to 99% identical to that of SARS-CoV, CoV-pangolin, and the coronavirus the from horseshoe bat. According to available information, SARS-CoV-2 is inferred to be a recombinant virus that originated from bats and was transmitted to humans, possibly using the pangolin as the intermediate host. The interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the human ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) receptor, and its subsequent cleavage by serine protease and fusion, are the main events in the pathophysiology. The serine protease inhibitors, spike protein-based vaccines, or ACE2 blockers may have therapeutic potential in the near future. At present, no vaccine is available against COVID-19. The disease is being treated with antiviral, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, herbal medicines, and active plasma antibodies. In this context, the present review article provides a cumulative account of the recent information regarding the viral characteristics, potential therapeutic targets, treatment options, and prospective research questions."}, {"pmid": 32516274, "title": "Prone Positioning for Pregnant Women With Hypoxemia Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Tolcher, Mary Catherine", "McKinney, Jennifer R", "Eppes, Catherine S", "Muigai, David", "Shamshirsaz, Amir", "Guntupalli, Kalpalatha K", "Nates, Joseph L"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516274", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted expanded use of prone positioning for refractory hypoxemia. Clinical trials have demonstrated beneficial effects of early prone positioning for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including decreased mortality. However, pregnant women were excluded from these trials. To address the need for low-cost, low-harm interventions in the face of a widespread viral syndrome wherein hypoxemia predominates, we developed an algorithm for prone positioning of both intubated and nonintubated pregnant women. This algorithm may be appropriate for a wide spectrum of hypoxemia severity among pregnant women. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is responsible for the clinical manifestations of COVID-19. This syndrome can manifest as severe pneumonia complicated by hypoxemia and ARDS. Given the current global COVID-19 pandemic, with a large number of ARDS cases, there is renewed interest in the use of prone positioning to improve oxygenation in moderate or severe hypoxemia. Among the populations who can benefit from prone positioning are pregnant women experiencing severe respiratory distress, as long as the physiologic changes and risks of pregnancy are taken into account."}, {"pmid": 32306657, "title": "[Clinical features and outcome of treatment for novel coronavirus pneumonia: a meta-analysis].", "journal": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wu, Y Y", "Li, H Y", "Xu, X B", "Zheng, K X", "Qi, X S", "Guo, X Z"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306657", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the clinical features and outcome of treatment for novel coronavirus pneumonia. Methods: Literature on novel coronavirus pneumonia was retrieved from PubMed and EMBASE databases. The relevant data was extracted and a meta-analysis was performed using StatsDirect statistical software V.2.8.0 to calculate the combined odds ratio. Results: Seven studies were included, consisting of 1594 cases. The meta-analysis result showed that the most common clinical symptoms of the novel coronavirus pneumonia were fever (91.6%) and cough (64.5%), followed by dyspnea (32.8%) and sputum (28.1%). Headache (10.5%), sore throat (11.2%), hemoptysis (3.2%), diarrhea (6.6%) and the other symptoms were relatively rare. Aspartate aminotransferase (29%), alanine transaminase (22.7%), and total bilirubin (11.7%) levels were elevated, except for serum albumin levels (80.4%). The common therapeutic agents used were antibiotics (87.7%), antiviral drugs (75.5%), and glucocorticoids (26.6%), while antifungal agents (7.7%) were used in few. Mechanical ventilation (13.4%), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (1.9%), and continuous renal replacement therapy (3.8%) were used in severe cases. The rate of mortality in hospital was 7.7%, respectively. Heterogeneity between studies was significant; however, subgroup and sensitivity analysis had failed to identify clear sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion: Fever, cough and liver dysfunction are the main clinical manifestations of this disease and the mortality rate is low."}, {"pmid": 32378276, "title": "To resume outpatient dermatologic surgery safely during stabilized period of coronavirus disease-2019: Experiences from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Yang, Liu", "Song, Zexing", "Qian, Yue", "Tao, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378276", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301284, "pmcid": "PMC7262123", "title": "Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID-19.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Moein, Shima T", "Hashemian, Seyed M R", "Mansourafshar, Babak", "Khorram-Tousi, Ali", "Tabarsi, Payam", "Doty, Richard L"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301284", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 disease, is responsible for the largest pandemic since the 1918 H1N1 influenza outbreak. The symptoms presently recognized by the World Health Organization are cough, fever, tiredness, and difficulty breathing. Patient-reported smell and taste loss has been associated with COVID-19 infection, yet no empirical olfactory testing on a cohort of COVID-19 patients has been performed. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), a well-validated 40-odorant test, was administered to 60 confirmed COVID-19 inpatients and 60 age- and sex-matched controls to assess the magnitude and frequency of their olfactory dysfunction. A mixed effects analysis of variance determined whether meaningful differences in test scores existed between the two groups and if the test scores were differentially influenced by sex. Fifty-nine (98%) of the 60 patients exhibited some smell dysfunction [mean (95% CI) UPSIT score: 20.98 (19.47,22.48); controls: 34.10 (33.31,34.88); p<0.0001]. Thirty-five of the 60 patients (58%) were either anosmic (15/60; 25%) or severely microsmic (20/60; 33%); 16 exhibited moderate microsmia (16/60; 27%), 8 mild microsmia (8/60; 13%), and one normosmia (1/60; 2%). Deficits were evident for all 40 UPSIT odorants. No meaningful relationships between the test scores and sex, disease severity, or comorbidities were found. Quantitative smell testing demonstrates that decreased smell function, but not always anosmia, is a major marker for SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggests the possibility that smell testing may help, in some cases, to identify COVID-19 patients in need of early treatment or quarantine. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32321620, "pmcid": "PMC7188959", "title": "Corticosteroid use for 2019-nCoV infection: A double-edged sword.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Nasim, Sundus", "Kumar, Sohail", "Azim, Dua", "Ashraf, Zehra", "Azeem, Qiraat"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321620", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281330, "title": "[Analysis on clinical study protocols of traditional Chinese medicine for coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Hui", "Jin, Xin-Yao", "Pang, Bo", "Liu, Chun-Xiang", "Zheng, Wen-Ke", "Yang, Feng-Wen", "Pang, Wen-Tai", "Zhang, Jun-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281330", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the registered clinical trial protocols of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), in order to provide information for improving the quality of research design. The website of the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(www.chictr.org.cn) and the American Clinical Trial Registry(clinicaltrials.gov) were searched to collect protocols of TCM for COVID-19. Documents were screened following the inclusion criteria, and data were extracted in regard to registration date, study objective, type of design, sponsor, patient, sample size, intervention, and evaluation index. Descriptive analysis was conducted. A total of 49 clinical trial protocols of TCM for COVID-19 were included. Primary sponsors were mainly hospitals or universities in places like Hubei, Beijing, Zhejiang and other regions. The implementation units are mainly in Hubei, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Henan and other regional hospitals. The types of study design were mainly experimental studies(40), including 30 randomized parallel controlled trials, 7 non-randomized controlled trials, 2 single arm trials and 1 consecutively recruited trial; besides, there were also 6 observational studies, 2 health service studies and 1 preventive study. The sample size reached a total of 30 562 cases, with a maximum of 20 000 for a single study and a minimum of 30. The 49 trials subjects included healthy people(3), isolation and observation cases(1), suspected cases(10),confirmed COVID-19 patients(31) and COVID-19 recovery patients(4). Of the 31 trials planned to include confirmed COVID-19 patients, 16 protocols no definite disease classification, 3 with a clear exclusion of severe subjects, 4 with common subjects, 2 with light, common or severe subjects, 1 with light and common subjects, 1 with common or severe subjects, 3 with severe subjects, and 1 with severe or critical subjects. The experimental interventions included Chinese patent medicine(Lianhua Qingwen Capsules/Granules, Huoxiang Zhengqi Dropping Pills/Oral Liquid, Babao Dan, Gubiao Jiedu Ling, Jinhao Jiere Granules, Compound Yu-xingcao Mixture, Jinye Baidu Granules, Shufeng Jiedu Capsuless, Shuanghuanglian Oral Liquid, Tanreqing Injection, Xuebijing Injection, Reduning Injection, Xiyanping Injection), Chinese medicinal decoction and taichi. The primary evaluation outcomes mainly included antipyretic time, clinical symptom relief, novel coronavirus nucleic acid turning to negative, conversion rate of severe cases and chest CT. There was a quick response of clinical research on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 with TCM, with the current registered protocols covers the whole process of disease prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. However, issues need to be concerned, including unclear definition of patient's condition, unclear research objectives, unclear intervention process and inappropriate outcomes, etc. In addition, researchers should consider the actual difficulties and workload of doctors in epidemic response environment, and make effort to optimize the process and improve the operability of research protocols under the principle of medical ethics."}, {"pmid": 32240549, "pmcid": "PMC7228342", "title": "Pivotal role of convalescent plasma in managing emerging infectious diseases.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Wong, Hoi-Kei", "Lee, Cheuk-Kwong"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240549", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233972, "title": "Temporary Emergency Guidance to US Stroke Centers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: On Behalf of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council Leadership.", "journal": "Stroke", "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233972", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32085839, "pmcid": "PMC7129426", "title": "Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Chen, Qiongni", "Liang, Mining", "Li, Yamin", "Guo, Jincai", "Fei, Dongxue", "Wang, Ling", "He, Li", "Sheng, Caihua", "Cai, Yiwen", "Li, Xiaojuan", "Wang, Jianjian", "Zhang, Zhanzhou"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32085839", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340047, "title": "[Psychosocial Impact of Quarantine Measures During Serious Coronavirus Outbreaks: A Rapid Review].", "journal": "Psychiatr Prax", "authors": ["Rohr, Susanne", "Muller, Felix", "Jung, Franziska", "Apfelbacher, Christian", "Seidler, Andreas", "Riedel-Heller, Steffi G"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340047", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Review of the evidence on the psychosocial impact of quarantine measures during serious coronavirus outbreaks before COVID-19.\u200aSuch information is highly relevant in regard to the COVID-19 pandemic. Search of the MEDLINE database for relevant studies related to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks. Across 13 identified studies, quarantine measures were consistently associated with negative psychosocial outcomes, including depressive symptoms, anxiety, anger, stress, posttraumatic stress, social isolation, loneliness and stigmatization. Determinants comprised duration of quarantine measures and income losses. Health care workers constituted a particularly vulnerable group. Quarantine measures during serious coronavirus outbreaks have extensive negative consequences for mental health. Prevention and intervention approaches to attenuate the psychosocial impact should be an integral component of crisis response during pandemic conditions."}, {"pmid": 32223063, "pmcid": "PMC7228289", "title": "Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology (GISE) position paper for Cath lab-specific preparedness recommendations for healthcare providers in case of suspected, probable or confirmed cases of COVID-19.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Tarantini, Giuseppe", "Fraccaro, Chiara", "Chieffo, Alaide", "Marchese, Alfredo", "Tarantino, Fabio Felice", "Rigattieri, Stefano", "Limbruno, Ugo", "Mauro, Ciro", "La Manna, Alessio", "Castiglioni, Battistina", "Longoni, Matteo", "Berti, Sergio", "Greco, Francesco", "Musumeci, Giuseppe", "Esposito, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223063", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic raised the issue to guarantee the proper level of care to patients with acute cardiovascular diseases and concomitant suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and, in the meantime safety and protection of healthcare providers. The aim of this position paper is to provide standards to healthcare facilities and healthcare providers on infection prevention and control measures during the management of suspected and confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV infection accessing in cath-lab. The document represents the view of the Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology (GISE), and it is based on recommendations from the main World and European Health Organizations (WHO, and ECDC) as well as from the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI)."}, {"pmid": 32295652, "pmcid": "PMC7188690", "title": "Preparedness is Essential for Western Pacific Islands During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Mei, Yujie", "Hu, Jijia"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295652", "countries": ["China", "Philippines", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To clarify the pandemic status in Western Pacific countries or territories. The WHO's daily situation reports of COVID-19 were reviewed from January 20, 2020, to March 24, 2020. Changes in the infections, deaths, and the case fatality rate (CFR) in Western Pacific countries or territories were counted. As of March 24, a total of 17 countries or territories had reported the presence of COVID-19 in the Western Pacific Region, 96,580 people have been infected and a total of 3502 deaths. Fifty-three percent (9/17) of these countries or territories had their first case within 2 wk since the WHO's first report, most are China's neighbors with a large and dense population. No other country or territory in this region reported a new infection from January 30 to February 28. However, 8 (47.0%) countries or territories have reported the first cases in 3 wk since February 28, almost all are islands. Many countries maintained a small number of infections for a long time after the first report, but a rapid increase occurred later. Deaths occurred in 8 countries with a total CFR of 3.63%, and the CFR varies widely, from 0.39% (Singapore) to 7.14% (Philippines). The regional spread of COVID-19 urgently requires an aggressive preparedness for the Western Pacific Islands."}, {"pmid": 32385132, "pmcid": "PMC7211095", "title": "Consensus for prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for neurologists.", "journal": "Stroke Vasc Neurol", "authors": ["Jin, Huijuan", "Hong, Candong", "Chen, Shengcai", "Zhou, Yifan", "Wang, Yong", "Mao, Ling", "Li, Yanan", "He, Quanwei", "Li, Man", "Su, Ying", "Wang, David", "Wang, Longde", "Hu, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385132", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic disease globally. Although COVID-19 directly invades lungs, it also involves the nervous system. Therefore, patients with nervous system involvement as the presenting symptoms in the early stage of infection may easily be misdiagnosed and their treatment delayed. They become silent contagious sources or 'virus spreaders'. In order to help neurologists to better understand the occurrence, development and prognosis, we have developed this consensus of prevention and management of COVID-19. It can also assist other healthcare providers to be familiar with and recognise COVID-19 in their evaluation of patients in the clinic and hospital environment."}, {"pmid": 32518045, "title": "Severe and fatal forms of COVID-19 in children.", "journal": "Arch Pediatr", "authors": ["Oualha, M", "Bendavid, M", "Berteloot, L", "Corsia, A", "Lesage, F", "Vedrenne, M", "Salvador, E", "Grimaud, M", "Chareyre, J", "de Marcellus, C", "Dupic, L", "de Saint Blanquat, L", "Heilbronner, C", "Drummond, D", "Castelle, M", "Berthaud, R", "Angoulvant, F", "Toubiana, J", "Pinhas, Y", "Frange, P", "Cheron, G", "Fourgeaud, J", "Moulin, F", "Renolleau, S"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518045", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to describe severe forms of novel coronavirus disease 2019 in children, including patient characteristics, clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings, as well as the disease management and outcomes. This was a retrospective, single-center, observational study conducted in a pediatric intensive and high-dependency care unit (PICU, HDU) in an urban hospital in Paris. All patients, aged from 1 month to 18 years, admitted for confirmed or highly suspected SARS-CoV-2 were included. We analyzed the data of 27 children. Comorbidities (n=19, 70%) were mainly neurological (n=7), respiratory, (n=4), or sickle cell disease (n=4). SARS-CoV-2 PCR results were positive in 24 children (nasopharyngeal swabs). The three remaining children had a chest CT scan consistent with COVID-19. Respiratory involvement was observed in 24 patients (89%). Supportive treatments were invasive mechanical ventilation (n=9), catecholamine (n=4), erythropheresis (n=4), renal replacement therapy (n=1), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (n=1). Five children died, of whom three were without past medical history. This study highlighted the large spectrum of clinical presentation and time course of disease progression as well as the non-negligible occurrence of pediatric life-threatening and fatal cases of COVID-19 mostly in patients with comorbidities. Additional laboratory investigations are needed to further analyze the mechanism underlying the variability of SARS-Cov-2 pathogenicity in children."}, {"pmid": 32329520, "pmcid": "PMC7264618", "title": "Current pharmacological treatments for COVID-19: What's next?", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Scavone, Cristina", "Brusco, Simona", "Bertini, Michele", "Sportiello, Liberata", "Rafaniello, Concetta", "Zoccoli, Alice", "Berrino, Liberato", "Racagni, Giorgio", "Rossi, Francesco", "Capuano, Annalisa"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329520", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019 SARS-Cov-2 was found responsible for the disease COVID-19, which has spread worldwide. No specific therapies/vaccines are yet available for the treatment of COVID-19. Drug repositioning may offer a strategy and a number of drugs have been repurposed, including lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir and tocilizumab. This paper describes the main pharmacological properties of such drugs administered to patients with COVID-19, focusing on their antiviral, immune-modulatory and/or anti-inflammatory actions. Where available, data from clinical trials involving patients with COVID-19 are reported. Preliminary clinical trials seem to support their benefit. However, such drugs in COVID-19 patients have peculiar safety profiles. Thus, adequate clinical trials are necessary for these compounds. Nevertheless, while waiting for effective preventive measures i.e. vaccines, many clinical trials on drugs belonging to different therapeutic classes are currently underway. Their results will help us in defining the best way to treat COVID-19 and reducing its symptoms and complications."}, {"pmid": 32504688, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urology Residency Match in Singapore.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Tan, Yi Quan", "Pek, Xiang Wen Gregory", "Wang, Ziting", "Tiong, Ho Yee", "Chiong, Edmund"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504688", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501438, "pmcid": "PMC7255243", "title": "Guarding a city from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["Xu, Jiuyang", "Shang, Lianhan", "Cao, Bin"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501438", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314503, "title": "Obesity and SARS-CoV-2: a population to safeguard.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Res Rev", "authors": ["Watanabe, Mikiko", "Risi, Renata", "Tuccinardi, Dario", "Baquero, Claudia J", "Manfrini, Silvia", "Gnessi, Lucio"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314503", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evidence has lately emerged regarding an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 with worse prognosis in patients with obesity, especially among the young. Weight excess is a well-established respiratory disease risk factor, and the newly reported correlation is therefore unsurprising. The underlying pathophysiology is likely multi-stranded, ranging from complement system hyperactivation, increased Interleukin-6 secretion, chronic inflammation, presence of comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension, and a possible local, detrimental effect within the lung. Further understanding the link between obesity and SARS-CoV-2 is crucial, as this could aid proper tailoring of immunomodulatory treatments, together with improving stratification among those possibly requiring critical care."}, {"pmid": 32496270, "title": "COVID-19: Endangering women's mental and reproductive health.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Sharma, Pallavi", "Sharma, Shalini", "Singh, Nilanchali"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496270", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296181, "title": "Author Correction: A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Wu, Fan", "Zhao, Su", "Yu, Bin", "Chen, Yan-Mei", "Wang, Wen", "Song, Zhi-Gang", "Hu, Yi", "Tao, Zhao-Wu", "Tian, Jun-Hua", "Pei, Yuan-Yuan", "Yuan, Ming-Li", "Zhang, Yu-Ling", "Dai, Fa-Hui", "Liu, Yi", "Wang, Qi-Min", "Zheng, Jiao-Jiao", "Xu, Lin", "Holmes, Edward C", "Zhang, Yong-Zhen"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296181", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32500860, "title": "Editorial: Aerosol reduction urgency in post-COVID-19 dental practice.", "journal": "Quintessence Int", "authors": ["Mupparapu, Mel"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500860", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402387, "pmcid": "PMC7183992", "title": "Diagnosis of patients with suspected COVID-19: What is the role of chest CT?", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Paez-Granda, Diego", "Chicaiza Maldonado, Miriam", "Calle, Gabriela Saritama", "Avalos Garcia, Carmen", "Cabezas Tapia, Henry", "Andrade Herrera, Jimena"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402387", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294756, "title": "Nonpharmaceutical interventions for tackling the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Garcia, Leila Posenato", "Duarte, Elisete"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294756", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380029, "pmcid": "PMC7198416", "title": "The challenge of laypeople cardio-pulmonary resuscitation training during and after COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Baldi, Enrico", "Contri, Enrico", "Savastano, Simone", "Cortegiani, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380029", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345864, "pmcid": "PMC7224593", "title": "Treatment of Proximal Femoral Fragility Fractures in Patients with COVID-19 During the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Northern Italy.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Catellani, Francesco", "Coscione, Andrea", "D'Ambrosi, Riccardo", "Usai, Luca", "Roscitano, Claudio", "Fiorentino, Gennaro"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345864", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From February 20 to April 2020, the coronavirus SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)-CoV-2 spread in northern Italy, drastically challenging the care capacities of the national health care system. Unprepared for this emergency, hospitals have quickly reformulated paths of assistance in an effort to guarantee treatment for infected patients. Orthopaedic departments have been focused on elderly traumatology, especially the treatment of femoral neck fractures in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the orthopaedic management strategy for femoral fragility fractures in COVID-19-positive patients with the hypothesis that operative treatment may contribute to the overall stability of the patient. Sixteen patients affected by proximal femoral fracture and a recent history of fever, shortness of breath, and desaturation were admitted to the emergency room. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) and oropharyngeal swabs confirmed that they were positive for COVID-19, requiring hospitalization and prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin. Three patients died before surgery because of severe respiratory insufficiency and multiple-organ-failure syndrome. Ten patients underwent surgery on the day after admission, whereas 3 patients had suspended their use of direct thrombin inhibitors and needed surgery to be delayed until the third day after admission. In all patients except 1, we noted an improvement in terms of O2 saturation and assisted respiration. In 9 patients, hemodynamic and respiratory stability was observed at an average of 7 days postoperatively. Four patients who underwent surgical treatment died of respiratory failure on the first day after surgery (1 patient), the third day after surgery (2 patients), or the seventh day after surgery (1 patient). We noted a stabilization of respiratory parameters in 12 COVID-19-positive patients who underwent surgery treatment of proximal femoral fractures. We believe that in elderly patients with COVID-19 who have proximal femoral fractures, surgery may contribute to the overall stability of the patient, seated mobilization, improvement in physiological ventilation, and general patient comfort in bed. Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32304276, "pmcid": "PMC7264805", "title": "The impact of coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) on oral health.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Dziedzic, Arkadiusz", "Wojtyczka, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304276", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health services across the world face an unprecedented situation as a result of a global COVID-19 outbreak. Urgent joined research efforts regarding the SARS-COV-2 rapid tests, accurate diagnosis, especially early recognition, and effective treatment of life-threatening complications would be highly desirable for humanity and medical workforce all over the world that try to combat a current global pandemic threat. Due to indirect complex effect, intensified COVID-19 therapies and multi-drug treatment, it is believed that some oral conditions could be aggravated by COVID-19 disease, particularly those with autoimmune aetiology, linked to compromised immune system or long-term pharmacotherapy."}, {"pmid": 32359842, "pmcid": "PMC7194607", "title": "Academic Ophthalmology during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Wong, Tien Yin", "Bandello, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359842", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462701, "title": "Animal models of mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 pathology.", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Cleary, Simon J", "Pitchford, Simon C", "Amison, Richard T", "Carrington, Robert", "Robaina Cabrera, C Lorena", "Magnen, Melia", "Looney, Mark R", "Gray, Elaine", "Page, Clive P"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462701", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections has led to substantial unmet need for treatments, many of which will require testing in appropriate animal models of this disease. Vaccine trials are already underway, but there remains an urgent need to find other therapeutic approaches to either target SARS-CoV-2 or the complications arising from viral infection, particularly the dysregulated immune response and systemic complications which have been associated with progression to severe COVID-19. At the time of writing, in vivo studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described using macaques, cats, ferrets, hamsters, and transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). These infection models have already been useful for studies of transmission and immunity, but to date only partially model the mechanisms implicated in human severe COVID-19. There is therefore an urgent need for development of animal models for improved evaluation of efficacy of drugs identified as having potential in the treatment of severe COVID-19. These models need to recapitulate key mechanisms of COVID-19 severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and reproduce the immunopathology and systemic sequelae associated with this disease. Here, we review the current models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related disease mechanisms and suggest ways in which animal models can be adapted to increase their usefulness in research into COVID-19 pathogenesis and for assessing potential treatments."}, {"pmid": 32197274, "pmcid": "PMC7165578", "title": "COVID-19: Vulnerability and the power of privilege in a pandemic.", "journal": "Health Promot J Austr", "authors": ["Smith, James A", "Judd, Jenni"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197274", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294297, "pmcid": "PMC7262315", "title": "The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Bariatric Surgery: Redefining Psychosocial Care.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Sockalingam, Sanjeev", "Leung, Samantha E", "Cassin, Stephanie E"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294297", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease has had a tremendous psychological impact on individuals around the world. Individuals with obesity are susceptible to distress and psychological sequalae secondary to this pandemic, which can have detrimental effects on obesity management. In particular, individuals undergoing bariatric surgery could experience increased emotional distress, resulting in increased eating psychopathology, mental health exacerbation, and difficulties with self-management. Addressing these challenges requires novel approaches to redefining psychosocial care before and after bariatric surgery. Emerging evidence suggests that the remote delivery of care using virtual care models, including mobile and online modalities, could extend the reach of psychosocial services to individuals after bariatric surgery and mitigate weight regain or impairment in quality of life. Because of this pandemic, the rapid integration of virtual psychosocial care in bariatric surgery programs to address patients' needs will create new opportunities for clinical and implementational scientific research."}, {"pmid": 32362642, "title": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: A review of the current evidence.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Pranab", "Nagi, Nazia", "Agarwal, Anup", "Das, Bhabatosh", "Banerjee, Sayantan", "Sarkar, Swarup", "Gupta, Nivedita", "Gangakhedkar, Raman R"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362642", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (nCoV) spillover event, with its epicenter in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, has emerged as a public health emergency of international concern. This began as an outbreak in December 2019, and till February 28, 2020, there have been 83,704 confirmed cases of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally, with 2,859 deaths, resulting in an overall case fatality rate of 3.41 per cent (95% confidence interval 3.29-3.54%). By this time (February 28, 2020) 58 countries or territories and one international conveyance (Diamond Princess Cruise Ship) were affected. As a part of the global response to manage and contain the pandemic, major emphasis was placed on generating research intelligence to guide evidence-based responses to contain the virus, which was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), owing to its genetic similarities with the SARS virus. This review summarizes the emerging evidence which can help guide the public health response, particularly in India. Key areas have been identified in which research needs to be conducted to generate critical intelligence for advising prevention and control efforts. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has once again exposed the weaknesses of global health systems preparedness, ability to respond to an infectious threat, the rapidity of transmission of infections across international borders and the ineffectiveness of knee-jerk policy responses to emerging/re-emerging infectious disease threats. The review concludes with the key learning points from the ongoing efforts to prevent and contain COVID-19 and identifies the need to invest in health systems, community-led response mechanisms and the need for preparedness and global health security."}, {"pmid": 32501803, "title": "Wearable activity trackers for monitoring adherence to home confinement during the Covid-19 pandemic: a worldwide picture.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Pepin, Jean-Louis", "Bruno, Rosa Maria", "Yang, Ruiyi", "Vercamer, Vincent", "Jouhaud, Paul", "Escourrou, Pierre", "Boutouyrie, Pierre"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501803", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of COVID-19 home confinement, objective, real-time data are needed to assess the population's adherence to home confinement in order to adapt policies and control measures. Wearable activity trackers provide continuous monitoring of people's natural activity patterns whatever their location. We asked whether the huge amount of data they provide might reflect adherence to confinement rules. We analyzed data on number of steps per day from over 740,000 individuals around the world. Results: We show physical activity patterns in several representative countries with total, partial or no home confinement. The decrease in steps per day regions with strict total home confinement ranged from -25 to -54%. Aggregate analysis of activity tracker data, with the potential for a daily update, can inform governments on the adherence to home-confinement policies. "}, {"pmid": 32048741, "pmcid": "PMC7166326", "title": "The progress of 2019 novel coronavirus event in China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Guan", "Jin, Xian"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32048741", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363216, "pmcid": "PMC7194876", "title": "Epidemiological update on SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain. Comments on the management of infection in pediatrics.", "journal": "An Pediatr (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Calvo, Cristina", "Tagarro, Alfredo", "Otheo, Enrique", "Epalza, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363216", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425486, "pmcid": "PMC7229952", "title": "[Nursing care for controlling coronavirus infections in positive cases: a narrative review.]", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Brito-Brito, Pedro Ruyman", "Martinez-Alberto, Carlos Enrique", "Cuellar-Pompa, Leticia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425486", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review aims to map scientific evidence in nursing care aimed at controlling coronavirus infections. A bibliographic search was conducted in the Medline, CINAHL, Scopus and WOS main databases, with no date limit and using the keywords \"transmission\", \"infection\", \"contagious\", \"spreads\", \"coronavirinae\", \"coronavirus\", \"COVID 19\", \"sars cov 2\", \"nurses\" and \"nursing\". Initially, 154 studies were identified and, after selecting them according to eligibility criteria, 16 were included. Among the main recommendations according to the available evidence are air exchange in rooms as a measure to reduce the risk of infection among patients; reinforcement of measures in intensive care units; follow-up of positive case contacts; and adequate training of professionals. The studies included in the review addressed infection prevention and control practices by analyzing risks associated with exposure and listing actions to avoid complications in critically ill patients. Patterns of case transmission, contacts and associated factors were identified. Professional knowledge and attitudes were also studied, showing the importance of good infection control training, and of sufficient equipment and adequate infrastructure.Nurses are important vectors of spread. Although there is little evidence available on the effectiveness of care to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, published studies on the prevention and control of previous outbreaks of coronavirus are of considerable value."}, {"pmid": 32522010, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Canadian Radiology Residency Training Programs.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Odedra, Devang", "Chahal, Baljot S", "Patlas, Michael N"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522010", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has swept the globe, with a domino effect on medical education and training. In this study, we surveyed Canadian radiology residents to understand the impact of the pandemic on their residency training, strategies utilized by the residency programs in mitigating those impacts, and factors important to residents in the selection of educational resources on COVID-19. A 10-item questionnaire was distributed to 460 resident members of the Canadian Association of Radiologists. The survey was open for 2 weeks, with a reminder sent at half-way mark. We received 96 responses (response rate: 20.9%). The 4 highest affected domains of training were daytime case volumes (92.4%), daytime schedules (87.4%), internal and external assessments (86.5%), and vacation/travel (83.3%). Virtual teaching rounds (91.7%), change in schedules to allow staying home (78.1%), and virtual/phone readouts (72.9%) were the most utilized strategies by the Canadian radiology residency programs. Overall stress of exposure to the disease was moderate to low (86.5%). A minority of the residents were redeployed (6.2%), although most (68.8%) were on standby for redeployment. Residents preferred published society guidelines (92.3%), review papers (79.3%), video lectures (79.3%), and web tools (76.9%) for learning about COVID-19 imaging manifestations. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on various domains of the Canadian radiology residency programs, which has been mitigated by several strategies employed by the training programs."}, {"pmid": 32278546, "pmcid": "PMC7142702", "title": "Virtual Interviews in the Era of COVID-19: A Primer for Applicants.", "journal": "J Surg Educ", "authors": ["Jones, Ruth Ellen", "Abdelfattah, Kareem R"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278546", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an evolving crisis with widespread impact upon our medical system, including senior trainee travel for fellowship interviews. Numerous institutions have conscientiously deferred in-person interviews or virtual formats. Given the competitive nature of fellowship interviews, candidates may express concern that they are at a disadvantage in engaging in online meetings versus live, on-site interviews, and similarly may feel ill prepared to perform optimally during online interviews. We draw upon our experience with online interview platforms in this guide for fellowship candidates who are rapidly adapting to new technology and styles associated with videoconference interviews so that they can best promote themselves for competitive positions."}, {"pmid": 32283324, "pmcid": "PMC7151358", "title": "COVID-19 - Considerations for the paediatric rheumatologist.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Hedrich, Christian M"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283324", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 is a threat to the health and well-being of millions of lifes across the globe. A significant proportion of adult patients require hospitalisation and may develop severe life-threatening complications. Children, on the other hand, can carry and transmit the virus, but usually do not develop severe disease. Mortality in the paediatric age-group is relatively low. Differences in virus containment and clearance, as well as reduced inflammation-related tissue and organ damage may be caused by age-specific environmental and host factors. Since severe complications in adults are frequently caused by uncontrolled immune responses and a resulting \"cytokine storm\" that may be controlled by targeted blockade of cytokines, previously established treatment with immunosuppressive treatments may indeed protect children from complications."}, {"pmid": 32335244, "pmcid": "PMC7177110", "title": "An Invited Commentary on 'Evidence Based Management Guideline for the COVID-19 pandemic- Review article'.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Atogebania, Julius Wedam", "Chen, Hualei"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335244", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID 19 been declared recently as a pandemic, to date has affected over 1,8881,365 with over 119,403 deaths in accordance to the global pandemic Real-Time Report. In this paper, the prime motive is to enlighten the key variables to the public on the pandemic and essential key points to note and practice in accordance to standard regulation to curb the aggressive COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32339472, "pmcid": "PMC7195023", "title": "Diagnosing malaria and other febrile illnesses during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Dittrich, Sabine", "Lamy, Marie", "Acharya, Shreehari", "Thu, Htin Kyaw", "Datta, Rittika", "Blacksell, Stuart D", "Hein, Phone Si", "Mercado, Chris Erwin G", "Ding, Xavier C", "Chebbi, Amita"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339472", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302082, "pmcid": "PMC7182017", "title": "Guillain-Barre Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Toscano, Gianpaolo", "Palmerini, Francesco", "Ravaglia, Sabrina", "Ruiz, Luigi", "Invernizzi, Paolo", "Cuzzoni, M Giovanna", "Franciotta, Diego", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Daturi, Rossana", "Postorino, Paolo", "Cavallini, Anna", "Micieli, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302082", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350571, "pmcid": "PMC7190393", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 will continue to circulate in the human population: an opinion from the point of view of the virus-host relationship.", "journal": "Inflamm Res", "authors": ["Oberemok, Volodymyr V", "Laikova, Kateryna V", "Yurchenko, Kseniya A", "Fomochkina, Irina I", "Kubyshkin, Anatolii V"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350571", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the population level, the virus-host relationship is not set up to end with the complete elimination of either or both. Pathogen-resistant individuals will always remain in the host population. In turn, the virus can never completely eliminate the host population, because evolutionarily such an event is a dead end for the virus as an obligate intracellular parasite. A certain existential balance exists in the virus-host relationship. Against this backdrop, viral epidemics and pandemics only become manifest and egregious to human beings when tens and hundreds of thousands of people die and the question emerges what caused the high mortality peaks on the death chart. The answer seems clear; the emerging strain of the virus is new to the host population, and new mutations of the virus and natural selection will lead to a survival of only genetically resistant individuals in a host population. The dangers inherent to a novel virus are due to new features generally inthe molecular structure of proteins, which enable the virus to infect the cells of the host organism more intensively, dramatically challenging host immunity, and thus be transmitted more readily in the host population. In this article, we will concentrate on the facts currently available about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic and try to predict its development and consequences based on the virus-host relationship. In fact, only two scenarios will occur simultaneously in the very near future: people who are genetically resistant to the virus will get sick, recover, and develop immunity, while people who are sensitive to the virus will need drugs and vaccines, which will have to be researched and developed if they are to recover. If the pandemic does not stop, in a few decades it is anticipated that SARS-CoV-2 will become as safe as the four non-severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E) currently circulating but causing low mortality in the human population."}, {"pmid": 32503959, "title": "Indian Association of Gastrointestinal Endo Surgeons COVID-19 endoscopy recommendations.", "journal": "J Minim Access Surg", "authors": ["Sundaram, Easwaramoorthy", "Manickavasagam, Kanagavel", "Goel, Ramen", "Subhash, Khanna", "Govindaraj, Kanagaraj", "Bhimanakunte, Krishna Rau", "DeSarkar, Satyapriya", "Borgoankar, Vijay", "Rathod, Vipulroy"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503959", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "These are recommendations from the Indian Association of Gastro Intestinal Endo Surgeons for safe performance of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32376006, "pmcid": "PMC7174173", "title": "Rational perioperative utilisation and management during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Krishnamoorthy, Vijay", "Bartz, Raquel", "Raghunathan, Karthik"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376006", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328118, "pmcid": "PMC7169535", "title": "Investigating a disease outbreak.", "journal": "Signif (Oxf)", "authors": ["Fricker, Ronald D Jr", "Rigdon, Steven E"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328118", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Teams of epidemiological and medical \"detectives\" are working to get a coronavirus pandemic under control. Ronald D. Fricker, Jr and Steven E. Rigdon walk us through a typical investigation."}, {"pmid": 32422130, "pmcid": "PMC7228892", "title": "KEY HIGHLIGHTS of the Canadian Thoracic Society's Position Statement on the Optimization of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Bhutani, Mohit", "Hernandez, Paul", "Bourbeau, Jean", "Dechman, Gail", "Penz, Erika", "Aceron, Raymond", "Beauchamp, Marla", "Wald, Joshua", "Stickland, Michael", "Olsen, Sharla-Rae", "Goodridge, Donna"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422130", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217624, "title": "Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Greenberg, Neil", "Docherty, Mary", "Gnanapragasam, Sam", "Wessely, Simon"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217624", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520122, "title": "Internet searches for measures to address COVID-19 in Brazil: a description of searches in the first 100 days of 2020.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Garcia Filho, Carlos", "Vieira, Luiza Jane Eyre de Souza", "Silva, Raimunda Magalhaes da"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520122", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "to describe profiles of interest of web search queries related to the Covid-19 epidemic in Brazil. this was a quantitative and exploratory study using Google Health Trends. We analyzed daily data of interest, defined as search probability (Pr), in 23 terms in searches performed by users connected in Brazil from January 1 to April 9, 2020. the peak in interest (Pr=0.0651) on the theme of coronavirus occurred on March 21. Interest in use of face masks (Pr=0.0041), social distancing (Pr=0.0043) and hand hygiene with alcohol gel (Pr=0.0037) was greater than interest in respiratory etiquette (Pr=0.0010) and hand hygiene with soap and water (Pr=0.0005). the difference in interest in issues related to combating Covid-19 was substantial and can guide new strategies for disseminating health information."}, {"pmid": 32304326, "title": "Les droits humains des enfants en situation de handicap en cas d'urgence sanitaire: le defi du COVID-19.", "journal": "Dev Med Child Neurol", "authors": ["Schiariti, Veronica"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304326", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353857, "title": "Do we know the diagnostic properties of the tests used in COVID-19? A rapid review of recently published literature.", "journal": "Medwave", "authors": ["Bachelet, Vivienne C"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353857", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has brought death and disease to large parts of the world. Governments must deploy strategies to screen the population and subsequently isolate the suspect cases. Diagnostic testing is critical for epidemiological surveillance, but the accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) and clinical utility (impact on health outcomes) of the current diagnostic methods used for SARS-CoV-2 detection are not known. I ran a quick search in PubMed/MEDLINE to find studies on laboratory diagnostic tests and rapid viral diagnosis. After running the search strategies, I found 47 eligible articles that I discuss in this review, commenting on test characteristics and limitations. I did not find any papers that report on the clinical utility of the tests currently used for COVID-19 detection, meaning that we are fighting a battle without proper knowledge of the proportion of false negatives that current testing is resulting in. This shortcoming should not be overlooked as it might hamper national efforts to contain the pandemic through testing community-based suspect cases."}, {"pmid": 32379113, "title": "Novel Coronavirus and Orthopaedic Surgery: Early Experiences from Singapore.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Chang Liang, Zhen", "Wang, Wilson", "Murphy, Diarmuid", "Po Hui, James Hoi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379113", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409763, "title": "Dogs caught coronavirus from their owners, genetic analysis suggests.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409763", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474160, "pmcid": "PMC7256009", "title": "A Butterfly Flaps its Wings: Extinction of Biological Experience and the Origins of Allergy.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Prescott, Susan L"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474160", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The grand global challenges of the Anthropocene are interdependent with ample evidence that reduced early-life 'experience' of biodiversity primes for immune dysregulation and a higher propensity low-grade inflammation, increasing the risk of allergy many other later-onset NCDs -also now implicated in the susceptibility to acute inflammation in COVID-19 infection. The objective of this review is to explore links between biodiversity on all scales and allergic disease as a measure of immune dysregulation. Were identified from PubMed and Web of Science using search terms pertaining to biodiversity, nature-relatedness, allergic disease, microbiome, NCDs, COVID-19 and associated terms. Studies were selected based on relevance to human health and biodiversity. Contact with natural environments enriches the human microbiome, promotes regulated immune responses, and protects from allergy and both acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. These important links to eco-psychological constructs of the 'extinction of experience' which indicates that loss of direct, personal contact with biodiversity-wildlife and the more visible elements of the natural world-might lead to emotional apathy and irresponsible behaviors toward the environment. The immune system is a useful early barometer of environmental impacts, and via the microbiome, a measure of the way in which our current experiences differ from our ancestral past. While we would benefit from further research, efforts to increase direct, personal contact with biodiversity have clear benefits for multiple aspect of physical and mental health, the skin and gut microbiome, immune function, food choices, sleep, physical activity, and promotes environmental responsibility."}, {"pmid": 32500158, "title": "Authors' reply: Outbreak of COVID-19 - an urgent need for good science to silence our fears?", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Lum, Lionel Hon Wai", "Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500158", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310735, "title": "Pediatric Surgery in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A", "authors": ["Wulkan, Mark L"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310735", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417123, "pmcid": "PMC7194513", "title": "Convalescent plasma, an apheresis research project targeting and motivating the fully recovered COVID 19 patients: A rousing message of clinical benefit to both donors and recipients alike.", "journal": "Transfus Apher Sci", "authors": ["Seghatchian, J", "Lanza, F"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417123", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This concise manuscript aims to make suggestions for a small step forward in both preventative and therapeutic measures against the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic. This targeted strategy consists of using fully recovered COVID 19 Heroes, that is, brave volunteers, as the source of antibodies in plasma collected by plasmapheresis or affinity column- derived antibodies, both are sterilised and pathogen inactivated for substitution therapy for use in those populations in need of antibody. This include for use in critically ill COVID 19 patients and as a preventative measure, in those at potential risk of infection as no vaccine is yet available. This would be a small step forward, while we are waiting to produce an effective, validated vaccine and witnessing increasing demands for testing and self-isolation which are the two most effective current strategies. In line with this concept, some methodological aspects of the use of the UVC sterilization of FFP/ cryoprecipitate-depleted FFP or immunoglobulins containing neutralizing antibodies for clinical use against COVID-19 are highlighted. The plasmapheresis procedure is, of course, particularly targeted to male donors, who consist of about 75 % of the COVID-19 population and who are able to undergo multiple double, or even triple plasmapheresis procedures. Moreover, as some of these donors have already been in an induced-hypercoagulable state and prone to thrombosis and DVT, this strategy will be partially aimed at improving their health with the use of citrate based anticoagulants and removal of high molecular weight viscous components which contribute to the untoward clinical effects of DVT. Repeated targeted plasmapheresis or plasma exchange of selected COVID-19 positive individuals would undoubtedly lower their state of hypercoagulability and normalize their hypercoagulability. The recipients of such a derived FFP-product would benefit from the two to 3 doses of viral inactivated antibodies, which could neutralize the viral antigens even at very low concentration if present in the early stage. So, this practice would be a double-edged sword with benefits for both donors and recipients."}, {"pmid": 32530597, "title": "Happy Hypoxemia in COVID-19-A Neural Hypothesis.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["U R, Anoop", "Verma, Kavita"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530597", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many COVID-19 patients are presenting with atypical clinical features. Happy hypoxemia with almost normal breathing, anosmia in the absence of rhinitis or nasal obstruction, and ageusia are some of the reported atypical clinical findings. Based on the clinical manifestations of the disease, we are proposing a new hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 mediated inflammation of the nucleus tractus solitarius may be the reason for happy hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32505562, "title": "Variables Influencing Radiology Volume Recovery During the Next Phase of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Madhuripan, Nikhil", "Man-Ching Cheung, Helen", "Alicia Cheong, Li Hsia", "Jawahar, Anugayathri", "Willis, Marc", "Larson, David B"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505562", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has reduced radiology volumes across the country as providers have decreased elective care to minimize the spread of infection and free up health care delivery system capacity. After the stay-at-home order was issued in our county, imaging volumes at our institution decreased to approximately 46% of baseline volumes, similar to the experience of other radiology practices. Given the substantial differences in severity and timing of the disease in different geographic regions, estimating resumption of radiology volumes will be one of the next major challenges for radiology practices. We hypothesize that there are six major variables that will likely predict radiology volumes: (1) severity of disease in the local region, including potential subsequent \"waves\" of infection; (2) lifting of government social distancing restrictions; (3) patient concern regarding risk of leaving home and entering imaging facilities; (4) management of pent-up demand for imaging delayed during the acute phase of the pandemic, including institutional capacity; (5) impact of the economic downturn on health insurance and ability to pay for imaging; and (6) radiology practice profile reflecting amount of elective imaging performed, including type of patients seen by the radiology practice such as emergency, inpatient, outpatient mix and subspecialty types. We encourage radiology practice leaders to use these and other relevant variables to plan for the coming weeks and to work collaboratively with local health system and governmental leaders to help ensure that needed patient care is restored as quickly as the environment will safely permit."}, {"pmid": 32435890, "pmcid": "PMC7239607", "title": "The impact of imposed delay in elective pediatric neurosurgery: an informed hierarchy of need in the time of mass casualty crisis.", "journal": "Childs Nerv Syst", "authors": ["Ahluwalia, Ranbir", "Rocque, Brandon G", "Shannon, Chevis N", "Blount, Jeffrey P"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435890", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19, coronavirus, has created unique challenges for the medical community after national guidelines called for the cancellation of all elective surgery. While there are clear cases of elective surgery (benign cranial cosmetic defect) and emergency surgery (hemorrhage, fracture, trauma, etc.), there is an unchartered middle ground in pediatric neurosurgery. Children, unlike adults, have dynamic anatomy and are still developing neural networks. Delaying seemingly elective surgery can affect a child's already vulnerable health state by further impacting their neurocognitive development, neurologic functioning, and potential long-term health states. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that \"elective\" pediatric neurosurgery should be risk-stratified, and multi-institutional informed guidelines established."}, {"pmid": 32044389, "pmcid": "PMC7128681", "title": "Going global - Travel and the 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "MacGregor, Kirsten", "Kanagarajah, Sanch", "Patel, Dipti", "Schlagenhauf, Patricia"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32044389", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376476, "pmcid": "PMC7196554", "title": "Limited effectiveness of systematic screening by nasopharyngeal RT-PCR of medicalized nursing home staff after a first case of COVID-19 in a resident.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Guery, R", "Delaye, C", "Brule, N", "Nael, V", "Castain, L", "Raffi, F", "De Decker, L"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376476", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373465, "pmcid": "PMC7198999", "title": "Syncope as the presenting symptom of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "HeartRhythm Case Rep", "authors": ["Ebrille, Elisa", "Lucciola, Maria Teresa", "Amellone, Claudia", "Ballocca, Flavia", "Orlando, Fabrizio", "Giammaria, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373465", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391283, "pmcid": "PMC7190805", "title": "COVID-19 Infection in Cancer Patients: How Can Oncologists Deal With These Patients?", "journal": "Front Oncol", "authors": ["Brunetti, Oronzo", "Derakhshani, Afshin", "Baradaran, Behzad", "Galvano, Antonio", "Russo, Antonio", "Silvestris, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391283", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301734, "pmcid": "PMC7184967", "title": "Regulation and Trust: 3-Month Follow-up Study on COVID-19 Mortality in 25 European Countries.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Oksanen, Atte", "Kaakinen, Markus", "Latikka, Rita", "Savolainen, Iina", "Savela, Nina", "Koivula, Aki"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301734", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has dramatically changed societies in 2020. Since the end of February, Europe has been hit particularly hard by COVID-19, but there are major country differences in both the spread of the virus and measures taken to stop the virus. Social psychological factors such as institutional trust could be important in understanding the development of the epidemic. The aim of this study was to examine country variations of COVID-19 mortality in Europe by analyzing social risk factors explaining the spread of the disease, restrictions and control measures, and institutional trust. The present study was based on a background analysis of European Social Survey data on 25 European countries (N=47,802). Multilevel mixed effects linear regression models focused on 84 days of the COVID-19 epidemic (January 22 to April 14, 2020) and modelled the daily COVID-19 mortality. Analysis focused on the impact of social relations, restrictions, and institutional trust within each country. The spread of the COVID-19 epidemic has been fast everywhere, but the findings revealed significant differences between countries in COVID-19 mortality. Perceived sociability predicted higher COVID-19 mortality. Major differences between the 25 countries were found in reaction times to the crisis. Late reaction to the crisis predicted later mortality figures. Institutional trust was associated with lower COVID-19 mortality. The analyses demonstrated the importance of societal and social psychological factors in the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. By considering multiple perspectives, this study showed that country differences in Europe are major, and this will have an impact on how countries will cope with the ongoing crisis in the following months. The results indicated the importance of timely restrictions and cooperation with people."}, {"pmid": 32096366, "title": "[Dynamic changes of chest CT imaging in patients with corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Wang, Jincheng", "Liu, Jinpeng", "Wang, Yuanyuan", "Liu, Wei", "Chen, Xiaoqun", "Sun, Chao", "Shen, Xiaoyong", "Wang, Qidong", "Wu, Yaping", "Liang, Wenjie", "Ruan, Lingxiang"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096366", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the dynamic changes of chest CT images of patients with corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). Fifty-two cases of COVID-19 were admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The consecutive chest CT scans were followed up for all patients with an average of 4 scans performed per patient during the hospitalization. The shortest interval between each scan was 2 days and the longest was 7 days. The shape, number and distribution of lung shadows, as well as the characteristics of the lesions on the CT images were reviewed. The obvious shadows infiltrating the lungs were shown on CT images in 50 cases, for other 2 cases there was no abnormal changes in the lungs during the first CT examination. Ground-glass opacities (GGO) were found in 48 cases (92.3%), and 19 cases (36.5%) had patchy consolidation and sub-consolidation, which were accompanied with air bronchi sign in 17 cases (32.7%). Forty one cases (78.8%) showed a thickened leaflet interval, 4 cases (7.6%) had a small number of fibrous stripes. During hospitalization, GGO lesions in COVID-19 patients gradually became rare, the fibrous strip shadows increased and it became the most common imaging manifestation. The lesions rapidly progressed in 39 cases (75.0%) within 6-9 days after admission. On days 10-14 of admission, the lesions distinctly resolved in 40 cases (76.9%). The chest CT images of patients with COVID-19 have certain characteristics with dynamic changes, which are of value for monitoring disease progress and clinical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32321530, "pmcid": "PMC7176025", "title": "The unsynchronized changes of CT image and nucleic acid detection in COVID-19: reports the two cases from Gansu, China.", "journal": "Respir Res", "authors": ["Gao, Jing", "Liu, Jun-Qiang", "Wen, Heng-Jun", "Liu, Hua", "Hu, Wei-Dong", "Han, Xia", "Li, Chuan-Xing", "Wang, Xiao-Jun"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321530", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The CT image is used to assess the disease progress, whereas the continued two times of negative results from SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection had been considered as a criterion for ending antiviral treatment. We compared the two COVID-19 cases with similar backgrounds and CT image repeated intervals under treatment. Our report highlighted the unsynchronized expression in the changes of CT image and nucleic acid detection in COVID-19, and lasting positive nucleic acid test result in patients recovered from pneumonia. It may be contributed to recognize the disease and improve prevention."}, {"pmid": 32378647, "title": "Treat 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) with IL-6 inhibitor: Are we already that far?", "journal": "Drug Discov Ther", "authors": ["Zhang, Yuanyuan", "Zhong, Yanyan", "Pan, Lin", "Dong, Jing"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378647", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is in the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) inhibitor (tocilizumab) had been suggested for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients based on the concept of \"cytokine storm\" in COVID-19. However, we still lack reliable studies to verify \"cytokine storm\" in COVID-19 pneumonia. Furthermore, IL-6 inhibitor has potential hazards of inducing infectious diseases. The efficacy of IL-6 monoclonal antibody-directed therapy remains to be fully evaluated."}, {"pmid": 32491963, "title": "Six Propositions against Ageism in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Ehni, Hans-Joerg", "Wahl, Hans-Werner"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491963", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The risk of developing severe illness from COVID-19 and of dying from it increases with age. This statistical association has led to numerous highly problematic policy suggestions and comments revealing underlying ageist attitudes and promoting age discrimination. Such attitudes are based on negative stereotypes on the health and functioning of older adults. As a result, the lives of older people are disvalued, including in possible triage situations and in the potential limitation of some measures against the spread of the pandemic to older adults. These outcomes are unjustified and unethical. We develop six propositions against the ageism underlying these suggestions to spur a more adequate response to the current pandemic in which the needs and dignity of older people are respected."}, {"pmid": 32422409, "pmcid": "PMC7228894", "title": "Reducing hospital admissions for COVID-19 at a dedicated screening centre in Singapore.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Tan, G S E", "Ang, H", "Manauis, C M", "Chua, J M", "Gao, C Q", "Ng, F K K", "Wong, C S", "Ng, O T", "Marimuthu, K", "Chan, M", "Leo, Y-S", "Vasoo, S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422409", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407062, "title": "COVID-2019. How to decrease the risk of infection in dental practice?", "journal": "Minerva Stomatol", "authors": ["Sales, Pedro H", "Sales, Priscila L", "Da Hora Sales, Maria L"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407062", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new Pandemic classified by the World Health Organization and called COVID-19, is causing widespread respiratory infections and deaths in several countries on the 5 continents. Although it does not have a high lethality rate, this new virus can present rates of complications and hospitalizations in the intensive care unit in up to 20% of patients, especially the elderly and those with compromised health, which can cause a collapse in the health system national public health. Dentistry is one of the most vulnerable professions due to work in the oral cavity, one of the areas with the highest concentration of the virus, therefore having an important role in controlling the disease. The objective of this work is through a review of the current literature, to establish conducts that can reduce the contamination by COVID-19 between the population and the dental team during the service in the public and private health system."}, {"pmid": 32531625, "pmcid": "PMC7273133", "title": "Earthquakes, economic crisis and, now, COVID-19: the cry of yell of Central Italy.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["De Berardis, Domenico", "Fornaro, Michele", "Vellante, Federica", "Orsolini, Laura", "Tomasetti, Carmine", "Ventriglio, Antonio", "Giannantonio, Massimo Di"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531625", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437316, "title": "Pathology and Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with Fatal Coronavirus Disease, United States.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Martines, Roosecelis B", "Ritter, Jana M", "Matkovic, Eduard", "Gary, Joy", "Bollweg, Brigid C", "Bullock, Hannah", "Goldsmith, Cynthia S", "Silva-Flannery, Luciana", "Seixas, Josilene N", "Reagan-Steiner, Sarah", "Uyeki, Timothy", "Denison, Amy", "Bhatnagar, Julu", "Shieh, Wun-Ju", "Zaki, Sherif R"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437316", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Characterization of the histopathology and cellular localization of SARS-CoV-2 in the tissues of patients with fatal COVID-19 is critical to further understand its pathogenesis and transmission and for public health prevention measures. We report clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic findings in tissues from 8 fatal laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States. All cases except 1 were in residents of long-term care facilities. In these patients, SARS-CoV-2 infected epithelium of the upper and lower airways with diffuse alveolar damage as the predominant pulmonary pathology. SARS-CoV-2 was detectable by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy in conducting airways, pneumocytes, alveolar macrophages, and a hilar lymph node but was not identified in other extrapulmonary tissues. Respiratory viral co-infections were identified in 3 cases; 3 cases had evidence of bacterial co-infection."}, {"pmid": 32503304, "title": "Increased Risk of COVID-19-Related Deaths among General Practitioners in Italy.", "journal": "Healthcare (Basel)", "authors": ["Modenese, Alberto", "Gobba, Fabriziomaria"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503304", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, data on COVID-19-related death cases among physicians from different medical specialties are incomplete and scattered. In Italy, available data highlight that general practitioners (GPs) are, apparently, the most heavily affected group. Indeed, they currently represent 44.1% of the total COVID-19 related death cases occurred among physicians, whereas they constitute about 15% of the total number of doctors. This high proportion is most likely the consequence of a work-related contagion happening especially during the first weeks of the epidemic, and persisting also in the following weeks, after the national lockdown. There are various reasons for these higher contagion rates: GPs perform a lot of medical examinations daily, usually in close contact with patients. Especially at the beginning of the epidemic, GPs might have had scant information on the specific safety procedures for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission (e.g., there was limited knowledge on the possibility of contagions deriving from asymptomatic patients) and, moreover, the availability of personal protective equipment was insufficient. Furthermore, the risk of infection is highly increased by the virus' characteristics, like its survival for several hours/days on different surfaces and its persistence in the air after an aerosolization process, with possibilities to be transmitted over distances longer than two meters. Following these observations, and considering the high cost in term of GPs' lives, the COVID-19 pandemic will probably revolutionize the approach to patients in general practice. Clear and effective guidelines are absolutely and urgently needed for the refinement of adequate measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections among GPs."}, {"pmid": 32441303, "title": "Placental Pathology in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Shanes, Elisheva D", "Mithal, Leena B", "Otero, Sebastian", "Azad, Hooman A", "Miller, Emily S", "Goldstein, Jeffery A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441303", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe histopathologic findings in the placentas of women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy. Pregnant women with COVID-19 delivering between March 18, 2020, and May 5, 2020, were identified. Placentas were examined and compared to historical controls and women with placental evaluation for a history of melanoma. Sixteen placentas from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were examined (15 with live birth in the third trimester, 1 delivered in the second trimester after intrauterine fetal demise). Compared to controls, third trimester placentas were significantly more likely to show at least one feature of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM), particularly abnormal or injured maternal vessels, and intervillous thrombi. Rates of acute and chronic inflammation were not increased.The placenta from the patient with intrauterine fetal demise showed villous edema and a retroplacental hematoma. Relative to controls, COVID-19 placentas show increased prevalence of decidual arteriopathy and other features of MVM, a pattern of placental injury reflecting abnormalities in oxygenation within the intervillous space associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Only 1 COVID-19 patient was hypertensive despite the association of MVM with hypertensive disorders and preeclampsia. These changes may reflect a systemic inflammatory or hypercoagulable state influencing placental physiology."}, {"pmid": 32516739, "title": "Evaluation of the commercially available LightMix(R) Modular E-gene kit using clinical and proficiency testing specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "Sridhar, Siddharth", "Cheng, Andrew Kim-Wai", "Leung, Kit-Hang", "Choi, Garnet Kwan-Yue", "Chen, Jonathan Hon-Kwan", "Poon, Rosana Wing-Shan", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Wu, Alan Ka-Lun", "Chan, Helen Shuk-Ying", "Chau, Sandy Ka-Yee", "Chung, Tom Wai-Hin", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin", "Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516739", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid and sensitive diagnostic assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection are required for prompt patient management and infection control. The analytical and clinical performances of LightMix\u00ae Modular SARS and Wuhan CoV E-gene kit, a widely used commercial assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection, have not been well studied. To evaluate the performance characteristics of the LightMix\u00ae E-gene kit in comparison with well-validated in-house developed COVID-19 RT-PCR assays. Serial dilutions of SARS-CoV-2 culture isolate extracts were used for analytical sensitivity evaluation. A total of 289 clinical specimens from 186 patients with suspected COVID-19 and 8 proficiency testing (PT) samples were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the LightMix\u00ae E-gene kit against in-house developed COVID-19-RdRp/Hel and COVID-19-N RT-PCR assays. The LightMix\u00ae E-gene kit had a limit of detection of 1.8\u202f\u00d7\u202f10-1 TCID50/mL, which was one log10 lower than those of the two in-house RT-PCR assays. The LightMix\u00ae E-gene kit (149/289 [51.6%]) had similar sensitivity as the in-house assays (144/289 [49.8%] for RdRp/Hel and 146/289 [50.5%] for N). All three assays gave correct results for all the PT samples. Cycle threshold (Cp) values of the LightMix\u00ae E-gene kit and in-house assays showed excellent correlation. Reproducibility of the Cp values was satisfactory with intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation values <5%. Importantly, the LightMix\u00ae E-gene kit, when used as a stand-alone assay, was equally sensitive as testing algorithms using multiple COVID-19 RT-PCR assays. The LightMix\u00ae E-gene kit is a rapid and sensitive assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection. It has fewer verification requirements compared to laboratory-developed tests."}, {"pmid": 32512291, "title": "Rationale and design of the PRAETORIAN-COVID trial: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial with valsartan for PRevention of Acute rEspiraTORy dIstress syndrome in hospitAlized patieNts with SARS-COV-2 Infection Disease.", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Gommans, D H Frank", "Nas, Joris", "Pinto-Sietsma, Sara-Joan", "Koop, Yvonne", "Konst, Regina E", "Mensink, Frans", "Aarts, Goaris W A", "Konijnenberg, Lara S F", "Cortenbach, Kimberley", "Verhaert, Dominique V M", "Thannhauser, Jos", "Mol, Jan-Quinten", "Rooijakkers, Maxim J P", "Vos, Jacqueline L", "van Rumund, Anouke", "Vart, Priya", "Hassing, Robert-Jan", "Cornel, Jan-Hein", "de Jager, C Peter C", "van den Heuvel, Michel M", "van der Hoeven, Hans G", "Verbon, Annelies", "Pinto, Yigal M", "van Royen, Niels", "van Kimmenade, Roland R J", "de Leeuw, Peter W", "van Agtmael, Michiel A", "Bresser, Paul", "van Gilst, Wiek H", "Vonk-Noordergraaf, Anton", "Tijssen, Jan G P", "van Royen, Niels", "de Jager, C Peter C", "van den Heuvel, Michel M", "van der Hoeven, Hans G", "Verbon, Annelies", "Pinto, Yigal M", "van Kimmenade, Roland R J"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512291", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is much debate on the use of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients. Although it has been suggested that ARBs might lead to a higher susceptibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, experimental data suggest that ARBs may reduce acute lung injury via blocking angiotensin-II-mediated pulmonary permeability, inflammation, and fibrosis. However, despite these hypotheses, specific studies on ARBs in SARS-CoV-2 patients are lacking. METHODS: The PRAETORIAN-COVID trial is a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled 1:1 randomized clinical trial in adult hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected patients (n = 651). The primary aim is to investigate the effect of the ARB valsartan compared to placebo on the composite end point of admission to an intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, or death within 14 days of randomization. The active-treatment arm will receive valsartan in a dosage titrated to blood pressure up to a maximum of 160 mg bid, and the placebo arm will receive matching placebo. Treatment duration will be 14 days, or until the occurrence of the primary end point or until hospital discharge, if either of these occurs within 14 days. The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04335786, 2020). SUMMARY: The PRAETORIAN-COVID trial is a double-blind, placebo-controlled 1:1 randomized trial to assess the effect of valsartan compared to placebo on the occurrence of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and death in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The results of this study might impact the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 patients globally."}, {"pmid": 32436948, "title": "Subacute Thyroiditis After Sars-COV-2 Infection.", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Brancatella, Alessandro", "Ricci, Debora", "Viola, Nicola", "Sgro, Daniele", "Santini, Ferruccio", "Latrofa, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436948", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a thyroid disease of viral or postviral origin. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that began in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly worldwide and Italy has been severely affected by this outbreak. The objective of this work is to report the first case of SAT related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We describe the clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of an 18-year-old woman who came to our attention for fever, neck pain radiated to the jaw, and palpitations occurring 15 days after a SARS-CoV-2-positive oropharyngeal swab. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had been mild and the patient had completely recovered in a few days. At physical examination the patient presented with a slightly increased heart rate and a painful and enlarged thyroid on palpation. At laboratory exams free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine were high, thyrotropin undetectable, and inflammatory markers and white blood cell count elevated. Bilateral and diffuse hypoechoic areas were detected at neck ultrasound. One month earlier, thyroid function and imaging both were normal. We diagnosed SAT and the patient started prednisone. Neck pain and fever recovered within 2 days and the remaining symptoms within 1 week. Thyroid function and inflammatory markers normalized in 40 days. We report the first case of SAT after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. We alert clinicians to additional and unreported clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32346775, "pmcid": "PMC7187664", "title": "Osteoporosis in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Osteoporos Int", "authors": ["Girgis, C M", "Clifton-Bligh, R J"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346775", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world grapples with the crisis of COVID-19, established economies and healthcare systems have been brought to their knees. Tough decisions regarding redirection of resources away from the management of conditions deemed \"nonessential\" are being made. How can we balance urgent resourcing of our acute crisis while not abandoning the real need of patients with osteoporosis? This article offers a few practical solutions."}, {"pmid": 32380034, "pmcid": "PMC7198208", "title": "COVID-19 puts societies to the test.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["The Lancet Public Health"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380034", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513249, "title": "Prehospital pulse oximetry: a red flag for early detection of silent hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Jouffroy, Romain", "Jost, Daniel", "Prunet, Bertrand"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513249", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493447, "pmcid": "PMC7267750", "title": "Effect of hydroxychloroquine on prevention of COVID-19 virus infection among healthcare professionals: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Pirjani, Reihaneh", "Soori, Tahereh", "Dehpour, Ahmad Reza", "Sepidarkish, Mahdi", "Moini, Ashraf", "Shizarpour, Arshia", "Jafari, Razieh Mohammad"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493447", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Comparison of the effect of hydroxychloroquine with placebo to prevent infection from the COVID -19 virus among healthcare professionals TRIAL DESIGN: Single centre, 2-arm, double-blind randomised (ratio 1:1) placebo-controlled trial PARTICIPANTS: Treatment staff who are in contact with patients and have at least 3 shifts a week in Arash hospital affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences, in Iran and who consent to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria include: History of COVID -19 virus infection, clinical symptoms such as fever, nausea, dyspnea and myalgia in the past two months, history of underlying diseases hypersensitivity to hydroxychloroquine and G6PD enzyme deficiency. Intervention group: Hydroxychloroquine 200 mg tablet of Amin Pharmaceutical. placebo which is completely similar in form and taste to 200 mg hydroxychloroquine tablet and is manufactured by the same factory (Amin Pharmacy). The dosage is two tablets daily, once a week for one to three months (based on the duration of the Coronavirus epidemic in Tehran). Confirmed COVID-19 virus infection using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is the primary outcome. The time period for measuring the primary outcome is any infection within the trial period up to one month after taking the last dose. The randomized block allocation method was developed using Stata version 15 software by an independent researcher, using a block size of six. Allocation to the two treatment groups will be conducted by this researcher using paper labels (random 10-digit codes) in a 1:1 ratio t The labels will be attached to the drug packages in order of randomization. Drug packages will be arranged in a box according to the randomization list. Participants and caregivers are blinded to group assignment and the data will be analyzed by an independent statistical expert who is unaware of the treatment allocation. A total of 282 participants will be randomised with 141 participants the Hydroxychloroquineeach intervention group and 141 participants to the placebo control group TRIAL STATUS: The protocol version number is 99-1-101-47091 and the approval ID is IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1399.001 and recruitment began April 7, 2020, and is anticipated to be complete by August 7, 2020. The name of the trial register is Iranian registry of clinical trial (IRCT), registration number is IRCT20120826010664N6, date of trial registration is April 7, 2020, FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32438328, "pmcid": "PMC7217103", "title": "Obesity as a predictor for a poor prognosis of COVID-19: A systematic review.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Tamara, Alice", "Tahapary, Dicky L"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438328", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an emerging pandemic due to droplet infection of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Due to its rapid transmission and high case-fatality rate, recognition of its risk and prognostic factor is important. Obesity has been associated with impaired immune system, increasing the susceptibility for 2019-nCoV infection. We aimed to study the impact of obesity to the prognosis and disease severity of COVID-19. A systematic search and handsearching was conducted in four databases: Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed. The identified articles were screened using the chosen eligibility criteria. We obtained three retrospective cohort studies (Wu J et\u00a0al., Lighter J et\u00a0al., and Simonnet A et\u00a0al.) to be critically appraised using Newcastle Ottawa Scale. The findings of all included studies were consistent in stating the contribution of obesity as a risk factor to increase the requirement for advanced medical care. Study with the highest quality, Simonnet A et\u00a0al., reported an increase need of invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients with body mass index higher than 35\u00a0kg/m2, OR: 7.36 (1.63-33.14; p\u00a0=\u00a00.021). This is associated with a higher mortality rate in obese population infected with COVID-19. Obesity is an independent risk and prognostic factor for the disease severity and the requirement of advanced medical care in COVID-19. This systematic review highlights a particularly vulnerable group - obese, and emphasises on the importance of treatment aggression and disease prevention in this population group."}, {"pmid": 32398213, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis control in China.", "journal": "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis", "authors": ["Pang, Y", "Liu, Y", "Du, J", "Gao, J", "Li, L"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398213", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473354, "pmcid": "PMC7253967", "title": "Racial disparity in Covid-19 mortality rates - A plausible explanation.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Tal, Yuval", "Adini, Avner", "Eran, Alal", "Adini, Irit"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473354", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441317, "title": "Colorectal cancer services during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441317", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345336, "pmcid": "PMC7187670", "title": "Shining a light on the evidence for hydroxychloroquine in SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Ingraham, Nicholas E", "Boulware, David", "Sparks, Matthew A", "Schacker, Timothy", "Benson, Bradley", "Sparks, Jeffrey A", "Murray, Thomas", "Connett, John", "Chipman, Jeffrey G", "Charles, Anthony", "Tignanelli, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345336", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423342, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: what can pharmaceutical formulation and drug delivery experts offer?", "journal": "Pharm Dev Technol", "authors": ["Alany, Raid G"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423342", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283118, "pmcid": "PMC7194990", "title": "Taipei Azalea - Supraglottic airways (SGA) preassembled with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to simplify prehospital airway management for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Yang, Wen-Shuo", "Hou, Sheng-Wen", "Lee, Bin-Chou", "Chiang, Wen-Chu", "Chien, Yu-Chun", "Chen, Shey-Ying", "Ma, Matthew Huei-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283118", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125129, "title": "[Analysis on the epidemic factors for the Corona Virus Disease].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, H Y", "Duan, G C"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125129", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) , an emerging infection disease occurred in Wuhan, has spread in the mainland China. The epidemic factors on the basis of knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 were discussed in this paper. This puts a lot of pressure on clinical resources and care. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel corona virus, the onset of COVID-19 is slow, and the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear and may lead to multiple organ damage. These put a lot of pressure on clinical resources and care. Source of infection including the patients, asymptomatic carrier and patients in the incubation period are contagious. It is difficult to control source of infection. Routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission are diversified and the main routes of transmission for COVID-19 are droplet transmission and close contact transmission. All population have susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Social factors such population movements and aggregation accelerated the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The Chinese government's adopted measures are positive and effective, and are accepted by the expert group from the World Health Organization. However, it will be a long-term hard work in the future to seriously summarize and think deeply to achieve public health security in China."}, {"pmid": 32395001, "pmcid": "PMC7211742", "title": "[Living evidence in response to controversies about the use of antimalarials in COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Santillan-Garcia, Azucena", "Bravo-Jeria, Rocio", "Verdugo-Paiva, Francisca", "Rada, Gabriel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395001", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525667, "title": "Existence of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater: Implications for Its Environmental Transmission in Developing Communities.", "journal": "Environ Sci Technol", "authors": ["Usman, Muhammad", "Farooq, Muhammad", "Hanna, Khalil"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525667", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405073, "pmcid": "PMC7219371", "title": "Call to Action: Preserving and Advocating for Essential Care for Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Robinson, Erica F", "Moulder, Janelle K", "Zerden, Matthew L", "Miller, April M", "Zite, Nikki B"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405073", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has redefined \"essential care,\" and reproductive healthcare has become a frequently targeted and debated topic. As obstetricians and gynecologists, we stand with our patients and others as advocates for women's reproductive health. With the medical and surgical training to provide all aspects of reproductive healthcare, obstetricians and gynecologists are indispensable and uniquely positioned to advocate for the full spectrum of care that our patients need right now. All patients have a right to these services. Contraception and abortion care remain essential, and we need to work at the local, state, and federal levels on policies that preserve these critical services. We must also support policies that will promote expansion of care, including lengthening Medicaid pregnancy and postpartum coverage. Although we continue to see patients, this is the time to engage outside clinical encounters by participating in lobbying and other advocacy efforts to preserve essential services, protecting the health, life, and welfare of our patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32408699, "title": "Essential Oils as Antiviral Agents. Potential of Essential Oils to Treat SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An In-Silico Investigation.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Silva, Joyce Kelly R da", "Figueiredo, Pablo Luis Baia", "Byler, Kendall G", "Setzer, William N"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408699", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Essential oils have shown promise as antiviral agents against several pathogenic viruses. In this work we hypothesized that essential oil components may interact with key protein targets of the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A molecular docking analysis was carried out using 171 essential oil components with SARS-CoV-2 main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro), SARS-CoV-2 endoribonucleoase (SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15/NendoU), SARS-CoV-2 ADP-ribose-1\u2033-phosphatase (SARS-CoV-2 ADRP), SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (SARS-CoV-2 RdRp), the binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SARS-CoV-2 rS), and human angiotensin-converting enzyme (hACE2). The compound with the best normalized docking score to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro was the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (E)-\u03b2-farnesene. The best docking ligands for SARS-CoV Nsp15/NendoU were (E,E)-\u03b1-farnesene, (E)-\u03b2-farnesene, and (E,E)-farnesol. (E,E)-Farnesol showed the most exothermic docking to SARS-CoV-2 ADRP. Unfortunately, the docking energies of (E,E)-\u03b1-farnesene, (E)-\u03b2-farnesene, and (E,E)-farnesol with SARS-CoV-2 targets were relatively weak compared to docking energies with other proteins and are, therefore, unlikely to interact with the virus targets. However, essential oil components may act synergistically, essential oils may potentiate other antiviral agents, or they may provide some relief of COVID-19 symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32504014, "title": "Universities will never be the same after the coronavirus crisis.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Witze, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504014", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511991, "title": "Ethical Guidelines and Moral Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Trainees' Perspective.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Han, Jason J", "Luc, Jessica"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511991", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398607, "title": "Reorganizing the treatment of cardiovascular disease in response to coronavirus disease 2019; time for the polypill?", "journal": "Curr Opin Cardiol", "authors": ["Floyd, Christopher N", "Wierzbicki, Anthony S"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced a redesign of healthcare services. Resource reallocation will have consequences on the routine management of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). We consider how to mitigate potential adverse effects. Combination therapy is well established in hypertension. Many guidelines recommend dual antihypertensive therapy as the initial treatment step as this results in faster blood pressure control, albeit with limited evidence of improved outcomes. Control of CVD risk factors through multiclass combination therapy (the polypill) was proposed many years ago. This approach has not been adopted by Western healthcare systems despite improving surrogate outcomes. Recently, the PolyIran trials have demonstrated improved CVD outcomes without increased adverse events, in both primary and secondary prevention. The COVID-19 pandemic allows models of chronic healthcare to be rethought. Current practices are resource-intensive and there is a need to simplify titration and monitoring protocols in CVD. Moving toward the use of polypill combinations allied with telehealth consultations may be one solution."}, {"pmid": 32240754, "pmcid": "PMC7171263", "title": "Creating a Palliative Care Inpatient Response Plan for COVID-19-The UW Medicine Experience.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Fausto, James", "Hirano, Lianne", "Lam, Daniel", "Mehta, Amisha", "Mills, Blair", "Owens, Darrell", "Perry, Elizabeth", "Curtis, J Randall"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240754", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is stressing health care systems throughout the world. Significant numbers of patients are being admitted to the hospital with severe illness, often in the setting of advanced age and underlying comorbidities. Therefore, palliative care is an important part of the response to this pandemic. The Seattle area and UW Medicine have been on the forefront of the pandemic in the U.S. UW Medicine developed a strategy to implement a palliative care response for a multihospital health care system that incorporates conventional capacity, contingency capacity, and crisis capacity. The strategy was developed by our palliative care programs with input from the health care system leadership. In this publication, we share our multifaceted strategy to implement high-quality palliative care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic that incorporates conventional, contingency, and crisis capacity and focuses on the areas of the hospital caring for the most patients: the emergency department, intensive care units, and acute care services. The strategy focuses on key content areas, including identifying and addressing goals of care, addressing moderate and severe symptoms, and supporting family members. Strategy planning for delivery of high-quality palliative care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic represents an important area of need for our health care systems. We share our experiences of developing such a strategy to help other institutions conduct and adapt such strategies more quickly."}, {"pmid": 32451830, "pmcid": "PMC7247914", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: The Way Forward.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Lodha, Rakesh", "Kabra, S K"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451830", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382315, "pmcid": "PMC7203038", "title": "Can graphene take part in the fight against COVID-19?", "journal": "Nano Today", "authors": ["Palmieri, V", "Papi, M"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382315", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pneumonia outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global issue. The bidimensional material graphene has captured much attention due to promising antimicrobial applications and has also demonstrated antiviral efficacy. In response to this global outbreak, we summarized the current state of knowledge of graphene and virus interaction as well as possible successful applications to fight COVID-19. Antibody-conjugated graphene sheets can rapidly detect targeted virus proteins and can be useful for large population screening, but also for the development of environmental sensors and filters, given the low cost of graphene materials. The functionalized graphene has demonstrated a good viral capture capacity that, combined with heat or light-mediated inactivation, could be used as a disinfectant. Graphene sensors arrays can be implemented on standard utility textiles and drug efficacy screening. Thanks to its high versatility, we foresee that graphene may have a leading role in the fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32333757, "pmcid": "PMC7188126", "title": "When Past Isn't a Prologue: Adapting Informatics Practice During a Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Kannampallil, Thomas G", "Foraker, Randi E", "Lai, Albert M", "Woeltje, Keith F", "Payne, Philip R O"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data and information technology are key to every aspect of our response to the current COVID-19 pandemic-from how we diagnose patients and deliver care, to the development of predictive models of disease spread, to the management of personnel and equipment. The increasing engagement of informaticians at the forefront of these efforts has been a fundamental shift: from an academic to an operational role. However, the past history of informatics as a scientific domain and an area of applied practice provides little guidance or prologue for the incredible challenges that we are now tasked with performing. Building upon our recent experiences, we present four critical lessons-learned that have helped shape our scalable, data-driven response to COVID-19. We describe each of these lessons within the context of specific solutions and strategies we applied in addressing the challenges that we faced."}, {"pmid": 32395673, "pmcid": "PMC7212983", "title": "Clinical and Radiographic Presentations of COVID-19 among Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy for Thoracic Malignancies.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Samson, Pamela", "Ning, Matthew S", "Shaverdian, Narek", "Shepherd, Annemarie F", "Gomez, Daniel R", "McGinnis, Gwendolyn J", "Nitsch, Paige L", "Chmura, Steven", "O'Reilly, Michael S", "Lee, Percy", "Chang, Joe Y", "Robinson, Clifford", "Lin, Steven H"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395673", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a pandemic affecting healthcare centers across the globe. Patients with cancer have been reported to be particularly vulnerable to infection, morbidity, and severe events. Given the high proportion of asymptomatic carriers and concerns regarding speed and availability of laboratory testing, novel detection strategies are necessary to supplement traditional screening methods and facilitate mitigation of viral transmission. Recent data support the diagnostic consistency and potential value of computed tomography (CT) scans to aid early diagnosis of COVID-19. Volumetric CT image-guidance is commonly employed in patients undergoing radiotherapy and presents a unique opportunity to screen for COVID-specific lung changes. This case series describes the presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infections among three patients undergoing thoracic radiotherapy across multiple institutions. We highlight their clinical symptoms, imaging findings, potential confounders, and clinical workflow to triage these patients to the next level of care."}, {"pmid": 32387074, "pmcid": "PMC7201227", "title": "Reply to \"Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with abnormal liver tests\".", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Cai, Qingxian", "Chen, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387074", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307762, "pmcid": "PMC7264798", "title": "Coronaviruses and people with intellectual disability: an exploratory data analysis.", "journal": "J Intellect Disabil Res", "authors": ["Tummers, J", "Catal, C", "Tobi, H", "Tekinerdogan, B", "Leusink, G"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307762", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been announced as a new coronavirus disease by the World Health Organization. At the time of writing this article (April 2020), the world is drastically influenced by the COVID-19. Recently, the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) was published. For researchers on ID such as ourselves, it is of key interest to learn whether this open research dataset may be used to investigate the virus and its consequences for people with an ID. From CORD-19, we identified full-text articles containing terms related to the ID care and applied a text mining technique, specifically the term frequency-inverse document frequency analysis in combination with K-means clustering. Two hundred fifty-nine articles contained one or more of our specified terms related to ID. We were able to cluster these articles related to ID into five clusters on different topics, namely: mental health, viral diseases, diagnoses and treatments, maternal care and paediatrics, and genetics. The CORD-19 open research dataset consists of valuable information about not only COVID-19 disease but also ID and the relationship between them. We suggest researchers investigate literature-based discovery approaches on the CORD-19 and develop a new dataset that addresses the intersection of these two fields for further research."}, {"pmid": 32242891, "pmcid": "PMC7184341", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and cardiac imaging: EACVI recommendations on precautions, indications, prioritization, and protection for patients and healthcare personnel.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Skulstad, Helge", "Cosyns, Bernard", "Popescu, Bogdan A", "Galderisi, Maurizio", "Salvo, Giovanni Di", "Donal, Erwan", "Petersen, Steffen", "Gimelli, Alessia", "Haugaa, Kristina H", "Muraru, Denisa", "Almeida, Ana G", "Schulz-Menger, Jeanette", "Dweck, Marc R", "Pontone, Gianluca", "Sade, Leyla Elif", "Gerber, Bernhard", "Maurovich-Horvat, Pal", "Bharucha, Tara", "Cameli, Matteo", "Magne, Julien", "Westwood, Mark", "Maurer, Gerald", "Edvardsen, Thor"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242891", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462744, "pmcid": "PMC7267140", "title": "Shortlisting SARS-CoV-2 Peptides for Targeted Studies from Experimental Data-Dependent Acquisition Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data.", "journal": "Proteomics", "authors": ["Gouveia, Duarte", "Grenga, Lucia", "Gaillard, Jean-Charles", "Gallais, Fabrice", "Bellanger, Laurent", "Pible, Olivier", "Armengaud, Jean"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462744", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a crucial tool for fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. This dataset brief presents the exploration of a shotgun proteomics dataset acquired on SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells. Proteins from inactivated virus samples were extracted, digested with trypsin, and the resulting peptides were identified by data-dependent acquisition tandem mass spectrometry. The 101 peptides reporting for six viral proteins were specifically analyzed in terms of their analytical characteristics, species specificity and conservation, and their proneness to structural modifications. Based on these results, a shortlist of 14 peptides from the N, S, and M main structural proteins that could be used for targeted mass-spectrometry method development and diagnostic of the new SARS-CoV-2 is proposed and the best candidates are commented. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32480204, "pmcid": "PMC7253997", "title": "Practical workflow recommendations for emergency endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients with COVID-19 based on the experience of Wuhan Union Hospital.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Xia, Haifa", "Huang, Shiqian", "Xiao, Weimin", "Lin, Yun", "Hu, Xiaomin", "Nie, Bingqing", "Lin, Ken", "Lu, Dongshi", "Chen, Xueyin", "Song, Limin", "Wang, Li", "Zhang, Yuhong", "Yao, Shanglong", "Chen, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399502, "pmcid": "PMC7210007", "title": "Still using MS Excel? Implementation of the WHO Go.Data software for the COVID-19 contact tracing.", "journal": "Health Sci Rep", "authors": ["Llupia, Anna", "Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto", "Puig, Joaquim"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399502", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426111, "pmcid": "PMC7222260", "title": "Care of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Pulm Circ", "authors": ["Ryan, John J", "Melendres-Groves, Lana", "Zamanian, Roham T", "Oudiz, Ronald J", "Chakinala, Murali", "Rosenzweig, Erika B", "Gomberg-Maitland, Mardi"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426111", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic presents many unique challenges when caring for patients with pulmonary hypertension. The COVID-19 pandemic has altered routine standard of care practice and the acute management particularly for those patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, where pulmonary arterial hypertension-specific treatments are used. It is important to balance the ongoing care and evaluation of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients with \"exposure risk\" to COVID-19 for patients coming to clinic or the hospital. If there is a morbidity and mortality benefit from starting pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies, for example in a patient with high-likelihood of pulmonary arterial hypertension, then it remains important to complete the thorough evaluation. However, the COVID-19 outbreak may also represent a unique time when pulmonary hypertension experts have to weigh the risks and benefits of the diagnostic work-up including potential exposure to COVID-19 versus initiating targeted pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy in a select high-risk, high likelihood World Symposium Pulmonary Hypertension Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. This document will highlight some of the issues facing providers, patients, and the pulmonary arterial hypertension community in real-time as the COVID-19 pandemic is evolving and is intended to share expected common clinical scenarios and best clinical practices to help the community at-large."}, {"pmid": 32444880, "title": "Clinical Features and Outcomes of 105 Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Seattle, Washington.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Buckner, Frederick S", "McCulloch, Denise J", "Atluri, Vidya", "Blain, Michela", "McGuffin, Sarah A", "Nalla, Arun K", "Huang, Meei-Li", "Greninger, Alex L", "Jerome, Keith R", "Cohen, Seth A", "Neme, Santiago", "Green, Margaret L", "Chu, Helen Y", "Kim, H Nina"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444880", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Washington State served as the initial epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United States. An understanding of the risk factors and clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 may provide guidance for management. All laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in adults admitted to an academic medical center in Seattle, WA between March 2 and March 26, 2020 were included. We evaluated individuals with and without severe disease, defined as admission to the intensive care unit or death. One-hundred-five COVID-19 patients were hospitalized. Thirty-five percent were admitted from a senior home or skilled nursing facility. The median age was 69 years and half were women.Three or more comorbidities were present in 55% of patients, with hypertension (59%), obesity (47%), cardiovascular disease (38%) and diabetes (33%) being the most prevalent. Most (63%) had symptoms for 5 days or longer prior to admission. Only 39% had fever in the first 24 hours, whereas 41% had hypoxia at admission. Seventy-three percent of patients had lymphopenia. Of 50 samples available for additional testing, no viral coinfections were identified. Severe disease occurred in 49%. Eighteen percent of patients were placed on mechanical ventilation and the overall mortality rate was 33%. During the early days of the COVID-19 epidemic in Washington State, the disease had its greatest impact on elderly patients with medical comorbidities. We observed high rates of severe disease and mortality in our hospitalized patients."}, {"pmid": 32045966, "title": "[First case of severe childhood novel coronavirus pneumonia in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, F", "Liu, Z S", "Zhang, F R", "Xiong, R H", "Chen, Y", "Cheng, X F", "Wang, W Y", "Ren, J"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32045966", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365891, "title": "COVID-19 Surface Persistence: A Recent Data Summary and Its Importance for Medical and Dental Settings.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Fiorillo, Luca", "Cervino, Gabriele", "Matarese, Marco", "D'Amico, Cesare", "Surace, Giovanni", "Paduano, Valeria", "Fiorillo, Maria Teresa", "Moschella, Antonio", "Bruna, Alessia La", "Romano, Giovanni Luca", "Laudicella, Riccardo", "Baldari, Sergio", "Cicciu, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365891", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, due to the coronavirus pandemic, many guidelines and anti-contagion strategies continue to report unclear information about the persistence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the environment. This certainly generates insecurity and fear in people, with an important psychological component that is not to be underestimated at this stage of the pandemic. The purpose of this article is to highlight all the sources currently present in the literature concerning the persistence of the different coronaviruses in the environment as well as in medical and dental settings. As this was a current study, there are still not many sources in the literature, and scientific strategies are moving towards therapy and diagnosis, rather than knowing the characteristics of the virus. Such an article could be an aid to summarize virus features and formulate new guidelines and anti-spread strategies."}, {"pmid": 32298208, "title": "The Application of Mobile Telehealth System to Facilitate Patient Information Presentation and Case Discussion.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Ren, Xiaoyang", "Zhai, Yunkai", "Song, Xiaoqin", "Wang, Zhenbo", "Dou, Dongwei", "Li, Yuhong"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298208", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    \n                        Background:\n                    \n                    Most secondary transmission of COVID-19 is occurring in a hospital setting. To decrease person-to-person contact, health care providers have built many isolation wards. However, out-of-hospital professionals cannot access patient information, which has greatly reduced the efficiency of treatment; it is inconvenient for health care professionals to issue a case discussion with professionals from other wards. This article mainly introduces a mobile telehealth system (MTS) applied to facilitate patient information presentation and case discussion.\n                    \n                        Materials and Methods:\n                    \n                    The MTS searches patient information, which is stored in hospital intranet, and uses five modules to display patient information. By a request/response module and a real-time interaction module, we successfully conducted case discussions. In addition, we took measures in three areas to prevent patient information leakage.\n                    \n                        Results:\n                    \n                    The system uses mobile collaboration technology to present patient information and support case discussion. MTS was officially launched for 37 days, during which it has been used 3,061 times.\n                    \n                        Conclusions:\n                    \n                    The building of the MTS not only provides convenience and benefit for health care professionals, but also reduces person-to-person contact.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32354552, "pmcid": "PMC7129908", "title": "A Call to Arms, Not to Disarm: The Importance of Psychiatric Care in the Acute Medical Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Psychosomatics", "authors": ["Montalvo, Cristina", "Kao, Larkin Elderon"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354552", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203709, "pmcid": "PMC7118607", "title": "Treatment for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome from COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Matthay, Michael A", "Aldrich, J Matthew", "Gotts, Jeffrey E"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203709", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463459, "pmcid": "PMC7256862", "title": "Prescription Fill Patterns for Commonly Used Drugs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Vaduganathan, Muthiah", "van Meijgaard, Jeroen", "Mehra, Mandeep R", "Joseph, Jacob", "O'Donnell, Christopher J", "Warraich, Haider J"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463459", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235685, "pmcid": "PMC7143628", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak: An Overview on Dentistry.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Spagnuolo, Gianrico", "De Vito, Danila", "Rengo, Sandro", "Tatullo, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019, also called COVID-19, is the latest infectious disease to rapidly develop worldwide [...]."}, {"pmid": 32454084, "pmcid": "PMC7245211", "title": "Distant learning of BLS amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Influence of the outbreak on lay trainees' willingness to attempt CPR, and the motivating effect of the training.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Birkun, Alexei"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364443, "pmcid": "PMC7203571", "title": "Reply to Letter to the Editor: \"COVID-19: is the ACE2 just a foe?\"", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Abassi, Zaid A", "Skorecki, Karl", "Heyman, Samuel N", "Kinaneh, Safa", "Armaly, Zaher"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364443", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220575, "pmcid": "PMC7104202", "title": "Telemedicine in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Portnoy, Jay", "Waller, Morgan", "Elliott, Tania"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220575", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391885, "pmcid": "PMC7239192", "title": "SARS-CoV-2, a novel virus with an unusual cardiac feature: inverted takotsubo syndrome.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Solano-Lopez, Jorge", "Sanchez-Recalde, Angel", "Zamorano, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391885", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527757, "title": "Personal historical perspective of HIV: part 11.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Welsby, Philip D"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527757", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "All animal life on earth is thought to have a common origin and have common genetic mechanisms. Evolution has enabled differentiation of species. Pathogens likewise have evolved within various species and mostly come to a settled dynamic equilibrium such that co-existence results (pathogens ideally should not kill their hosts). Problems arise when pathogens jump species because the new host had not developed any resistance. These infections from related species are known as zoonoses. COVID-19 is the latest example of a virus entering another species but HIV (and various strains of influenza) were previous examples. HIV entered the human population from monkeys in Africa. These two papers outline the underlying principle of HIV and the differing epidemiologies in Africa, the USA and in Edinburgh. The underlying immunosuppression of HIV in Africa was initially hidden behind common infections and HIV first came to world awareness in focal areas of the USA as a disease seemingly limited to gay males. The epidemic of intravenous drug abuse in Edinburgh was associated with overlapping epidemics of bloodborne viruses like hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV."}, {"pmid": 32386744, "pmcid": "PMC7174146", "title": "Use of antimalarial drugs in the treatment of COVID-19: A window of opportunity?", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Lasheras, Isabel", "Santabarbara, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386744", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513189, "title": "The health equity in all policies (HEiAP) approach before and beyond the Covid-19 pandemic in the Italian context.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Bucciardini, R", "Contoli, B", "De Castro, P", "Donfrancesco, C", "Falzano, L", "Ferrelli, R", "Giammarioli, A M", "Mattioli, B", "Medda, E", "Minardi, V", "Minelli, G", "Palmieri, L", "Pasetto, R", "Pizzi, E", "Rossi, S", "Venerosi, A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513189", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493737, "title": "Ethical considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Sese, Denise", "Ahmad, Mahwish U", "Rajendram, Prabalini"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493737", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The care of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic has added many layers of complexity to ethical issues. Our response emphasizes the importance of having an ethically sound framework to inform our decisions, requiring caregivers to consider what is ethically optimal and feasible for the patient. It is increasingly important to understand the ethical principles and to appropriately apply them to both patient management decisions and guide scarce resource allocation. If we are to be prepared to face the many challenges of this pandemic, we must prioritize the ethical demands to our treatment and management concerns."}, {"pmid": 32462564, "pmcid": "PMC7251802", "title": "Health Disparities and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in the USA.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Khatana, Sameed Ahmed M", "Groeneveld, Peter W"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462564", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302745, "pmcid": "PMC7194740", "title": "Surgical operations during the COVID-19 outbreak: Should elective surgeries be suspended?", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Zarrintan, Sina"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302745", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479680, "title": "Cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID-19: A preliminary review of an emerging issue.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Marzano, A V", "Cassano, N", "Genovese, G", "Moltrasio, C", "Vena, G A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479680", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The infection caused by the recently identified SARS-CoV-2, called COronaVIrus Disease-19 (COVID-19), has rapidly spread throughout the world. With the exponential increase of patients worldwide, the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is being better defined and new symptoms are emerging. Numerous reports are documenting the occurrence of different cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19 patients. To provide a brief overview of the COVID-19-associated cutaneous lesions. Literature search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases up to 30 April 2020. This narrative review summarizes the available data regarding clinical and histological features of COVID-19-associated skin manifestations. Literature reports showed a great heterogeneity in COVID-19-associated cutaneous manifestations, as well as in their latency periods and associated extracutaneous symptoms. Pathogenic mechanisms are unknown, although the role of hyperactive immune response, complement activation and microvascular injury has been hypothesized. Based on our experience and the literature data, we subdivided the reported cutaneous lesions into six main clinical patterns: i) urticarial rash, ii) confluent erythematous/maculo-papular/morbilliform rash, iii) papulovesicular exanthem, iv) chilblain-like acral pattern, v) livedo reticularis/racemosa-like pattern, vi) purpuric \"vasculitic\" pattern. These six patterns can be merged into two main settings: the first one - inflammatory/exanthematous - including the first three groups cited above and the second one including the vasculopathic/vasculitic lesions of the last three aforementioned groups. The possible presence of cutaneous findings leading to suspect COVID-19 puts dermatologists in a relevant position. Further studies are needed to delineate the diagnostic and prognostic value of such cutaneous manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32529462, "pmcid": "PMC7287281", "title": "May the Central Nervous System Be Fogged by the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19?: an Appraisal.", "journal": "J Neuroimmune Pharmacol", "authors": ["Balcioglu, Yasin Hasan", "Yesilkaya, Umit Haluk", "Gokcay, Hasan", "Kirlioglu, Simge Seren"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529462", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339157, "pmcid": "PMC7202533", "title": "ACE2 correlated with immune infiltration serves as a prognostic biomarker in endometrial carcinoma and renal papillary cell carcinoma: implication for COVID-19.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Yang, Jing", "Li, Hongxia", "Hu, Shengda", "Zhou, Yafeng"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339157", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a member of the renin-angiotension system, however, the correlation between ACE2 and prognosis in UCEC (Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma) and KIRP (Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma) is not clear. We analyzed the expression levels of ACE2 in the Oncomine and TIMER databases, the correlation between ACE2 and overall survival in the PrognoScan, GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases. The correlation between ACE2 and immune infiltration level and the type markers of immune cells was investigated in TIMER database. A prognosis analysis based on the expression levels of ACE2 was further performed in related immune cells subgroup. The ACE2 promoter methylation profile was tested in the UALCAN database. In addition, we used GSE30589 and GSE52920 databases to elucidate the changes of ACE2 expression in vivo and in vitro after SARS-CoV infection. ACE2 was elevated in UCEC and KIRP, and high ACE2 had a favorable prognosis. The expression of ACE2 was positively correlated with the level of immune infiltration of macrophage in KIRP, B cell, CD4+T cell, neutrophil and dendritic cell immune infiltration levels in UCEC. ACE2 was significantly positively correlated with the type markers of B cells and neutrophils, macrophages in UCEC, while ACE2 in KIRP was positively correlated with the type markers of macrophages. High ACE2 expression level had a favorable prognosis in different enriched immune cells subgroups in UCEC and KIRP. And the promoter methylation levels of ACE2 in UCEC and KIRP were significantly reduced. What's more, we found that the expression of ACE2 decreased in vivo and in vitro after SARS-CoV infection. In conclusion, ACE2 expression increased significantly in UCEC and KIRP, elevated ACE2 was positively correlated with immune infiltration and prognosis. Moreover, tumor tissues may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 patients with UCEC and KIRP, which may worsen the prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32198989, "title": "Protection of forensic scene investigation and postmortem examination during the epidemic period of COVID-19.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Pang, H B", "Xu, L M", "Niu, Y"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198989", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32105049, "title": "Novel coronavirus COVID-19: an overview for emergency clinicians", "journal": "Emerg Med Pract", "authors": ["Giwa, Al", "Desai, Akash"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105049", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prior to the global outbreak of SARS-CoV in 2003, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 were the only coronaviruses known to infect humans. Following\nthe SARS outbreak, 5 additional coronaviruses have been discovered in humans, most recently the novel coronavirus COVID-19, believed to\nhave originated in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. SARS-CoV and MERSCoV are particularly pathogenic in humans and are associated with high\nmortality. In this review, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of the recently discovered COVID-19 are reviewed, with a focus on\nbest practices and the public health implications."}, {"pmid": 32423519, "title": "Screening for COVID-19: Patient Factors Predicting Positive PCR Test.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Challener, Douglas", "Challener, Gregory", "Gow-Lee, Vanessa", "Fida, Madiha", "Shah, Aditya", "O'Horo, John"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423519", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404480, "title": "Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic assay for detection of SARS CoV-2 antigen in nasopharyngeal swab.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Lambert-Niclot, Sidonie", "Cuffel, Alexis", "Le Pape, Samuel", "Vauloup-Fellous, Christelle", "Morand-Joubert, Laurence", "Roque-Afonso, Anne-Marie", "Le Goff, Jerome", "Delaugerre, Constance"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404480", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing causing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported for the first time in Wuhan (Hubei, China) in December 2019 (1, 2) and has become a major public health concern all over the world.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32317204, "pmcid": "PMC7165114", "title": "iPad deployment for virtual evaluation in the emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Wittbold, Kelley A", "Baugh, Joshua J", "Yun, Brian J", "Raja, Ali S", "White, Benjamin A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223317, "title": "Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China.", "journal": "Psychol Health Med", "authors": ["Wang, Yenan", "Di, Yu", "Ye, Junjie", "Wei, Wenbin"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223317", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: As COVID-19 occurs suddenly and is highly contagious, this will inevitably cause people anxiety, depression, etc. The study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the COVID-19 outbreak is of practical significance.Methods:\u00a0600 valid questionnaires were received. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-Rating Depression Scale\u00a0(SDS) were used.Results:\u00a0Females' anxiety risk was 3.01 times compared to males (95%\u00a0CI\u00a01.39-6.52). Compared with people below 40\u00a0years old, the anxiety risk of people above 40\u00a0years old was 0.40 times (95%\u00a0CI\u00a00.16-0.99). SDS results indicated that\u00a0the difference between education level and occupation was statistically significant (p\u00a0=\u00a00.024, 0.005). Compared to people with a master's degree or above, those with a bachelor's degree group had a depression risk of 0.39 times (95%\u00a0CI\u00a00.17-0.87). Compared with professionals, industrial service workers and other staff had a depression risk of 0.31 times (95%\u00a0CI\u00a00.15-0.65) and 0.38 times (95%\u00a0CI\u00a00.15-0.93).Conclusions:\u00a0600 questionnaire participants were psychologically stable. Non-anxiety and non-depression rates were 93.67% and 82.83%, respectively. There were anxiety in 6.33% and depression in 17.17%. Therefore, we should pay attention to the psychological states of the public."}, {"pmid": 32353398, "pmcid": "PMC7184979", "title": "Risk factors for predicting mortality in elderly patients with COVID-19: A review of clinical data in China.", "journal": "Mech Ageing Dev", "authors": ["Leung, Char"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353398", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While elderly patients are at high risk of fatality, research concerning COVID-19 has largely been done on clarifying the clinical features. As such, the present work aims to identify risk factors for mortality in elderly patients with COVID-19. Given that single-centre studies are less likely informative as elderly remains a minority in the total Chinese population, the present study reviewed the clinical data of geriatric COVID-19 patients gathered from different sources in the public domain. Based on the data of 154 individuals from 26 provinces, age remained a key mortality risk factor among geriatric patients of different ages. While dyspnoea and chest pain/discomfort were more commonly seen in deceased patients as they represented severe pneumonia, fever was more prominent in surviving patients. This was likely due to the lower baseline body temperature observed in elderly which translated to a lower maximum temperature of fever. However, lowering the threshold temperature for fever is not recommended in surveillance. Instead, baseline body temperature measured on a regular basis should be used to define the threshold temperature for fever. Against mixed results, more research should be done on identifying comorbidities associated with mortality in geriatric patients."}, {"pmid": 32498126, "title": "Beyond the fear: Nurses' experiences caring for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome: a phenomenological study.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Lee, Jin Young", "Hong, Jung Hee", "Park, Eun Young"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498126", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We explored the experiences of Korean nurses who had directly cared for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) to derive the structure and meaning of these experiences. In 2015, the MERS epidemic struck Korea, and ill-prepared nurses had to care for patients with MERS. Nurses experienced conflict between their fear of the disease and their work and professional ethic. We employed a phenomenological qualitative approach. Inductive, qualitative, in-depth interviews were performed with 17 nurses. The study process followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist. The qualitative inductive content analysis generated seven theme cluster and 18 themes. The theme clusters were \"Fear of Uncertainty\", \"Beyond Hesitation\", \"A Scene Like a Battlefield\", \"Chaotic Nursing Identity\", \"Buttresses for Sustainability\", \"Lingering Trauma\" and \"Expanded Horizon of Nursing\". The final analysis revealed that the core theme was \"Beyond the fear of uncertainty\". This study contrives a more in-depth, holistic understanding by describing the experiences of nurses who directly cared for patients with MERS-the first large-scale infectious disease in Korea. Although nurses saw themselves as vital caregivers, they were frightened of the disease, had to work in a harsh environment, experienced various internal conflicts, and had to deal with varying forms of uncertainty. This study sheds light on the nursing situation during crises involving serious infectious diseases; to combat these, more medical facilities are needed, and staff should be proactively guided on how to care for patients. It can serve as part of a good foundation for further study of medical staff during recurring epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32240719, "pmcid": "PMC7195369", "title": "No evidence of rapid antiviral clearance or clinical benefit with the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in patients with severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Molina, J M", "Delaugerre, C", "Le Goff, J", "Mela-Lima, B", "Ponscarme, D", "Goldwirt, L", "de Castro, N"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240719", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528128, "title": "Bat-borne virus diversity, spillover and emergence.", "journal": "Nat Rev Microbiol", "authors": ["Letko, Michael", "Seifert, Stephanie N", "Olival, Kevin J", "Plowright, Raina K", "Munster, Vincent J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528128", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most viral pathogens in humans have animal origins and arose through cross-species transmission. Over the past 50 years, several viruses, including Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Nipah virus, Hendra virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2, have been linked back to various bat species. Despite decades of research into bats and the pathogens they carry, the fields of bat virus ecology and molecular biology are still nascent, with many questions largely unexplored, thus hindering our ability to anticipate and prepare for the next viral outbreak. In this Review, we discuss the latest advancements and understanding of bat-borne viruses, reflecting on current knowledge gaps and outlining the potential routes for future research as well as for outbreak response and prevention efforts."}, {"pmid": 32376697, "pmcid": "PMC7203451", "title": "An Extensive Meta-Metagenomic Search Identifies SARS-CoV-2-Homologous Sequences in Pangolin Lung Viromes.", "journal": "mSphere", "authors": ["Wahba, Lamia", "Jain, Nimit", "Fire, Andrew Z", "Shoura, Massa J", "Artiles, Karen L", "McCoy, Matthew J", "Jeong, Dae-Eun"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376697", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In numerous instances, tracking the biological significance of a nucleic acid sequence can be augmented through the identification of environmental niches in which the sequence of interest is present. Many metagenomic data sets are now available, with deep sequencing of samples from diverse biological niches. While any individual metagenomic data set can be readily queried using web-based tools, meta-searches through all such data sets are less accessible. In this brief communication, we demonstrate such a meta-metagenomic approach, examining close matches to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in all high-throughput sequencing data sets in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive accessible with the \"virome\" keyword. In addition to the homology to bat coronaviruses observed in descriptions of the SARS-CoV-2 sequence (F. Wu, S. Zhao, B. Yu, Y. M. Chen, et al., Nature 579:265-269, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3; P. Zhou, X. L. Yang, X. G. Wang, B. Hu, et al., Nature 579:270-273, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7), we note a strong homology to numerous sequence reads in metavirome data sets generated from the lungs of deceased pangolins reported by Liu et al. (P. Liu, W. Chen, and J. P. Chen, Viruses 11:979, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/v11110979). While analysis of these reads indicates the presence of a similar viral sequence in pangolin lung, the similarity is not sufficient to either confirm or rule out a role for pangolins as an intermediate host in the recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2. In addition to the implications for SARS-CoV-2 emergence, this study illustrates the utility and limitations of meta-metagenomic search tools in effective and rapid characterization of potentially significant nucleic acid sequences.IMPORTANCE Meta-metagenomic searches allow for high-speed, low-cost identification of potentially significant biological niches for sequences of interest."}, {"pmid": 32515379, "title": "Neurological manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Kanwar, Dureshahwar", "Baig, Abdul Mannan", "Wasay, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515379", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) has turned out to be a formidable pandemic. Upcoming evidence from confirmed cases of COVID-19 suggests an anticipated incursion of patients with neurological manifestations in the weeks to come. An expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2), the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2 over the glial cells and neurons have made the brain a potential target. Neurotoxicity may occur as a result of direct, indirect and post-infectious complications. Attention to neurological deficits in COVID-19 is fundamental to ensure appropriate, timely, beneficial management of the affected patients. Most common neurological manifestations seen include dizziness, headache, impaired consciousness, acute cerebrovascular disease, ataxia, and seizures. Anosmia and ageusia have recently been hinted as significant early symptoms in COVID-19. As cases with neurological deficits in COVID-19 emerge, the overall prognosis is yet unknown."}, {"pmid": 32320693, "pmcid": "PMC7167564", "title": "An Atypical Presentation of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["Singhania, Namrata", "Bansal, Saurabh", "Singhania, Girish"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320693", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421390, "title": "Discussing Serious News Remotely: Navigating Difficult Conversations During a Pandemic.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Holstead, Ryan G", "Robinson, Andrew G"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421390", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2020 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has led to an increasing number of telemedicine clinician-patient encounters through telephone or videoconference. This provides a particular challenge in cancer care, where discussions frequently pertain to serious topics and are preferably performed in person. In this review, we use the SPIKES (Setting, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge, Empathy/Emotion, and Strategy/Summarize) protocol as a framework for how to approach the discussion of serious news through telemedicine. We discuss the practical and technical aspects of preparation for a remote conversation and review some differences, limitations, and advantages of these discussions. The greatest challenge with the medium is the loss of the ability to read and display nonverbal cues. Vigilant attention to proven communication strategies and solicitation of patient involvement with the discussion can allow the care provider to display empathy at a distance. Having serious discussions through telemedicine is likely unavoidable for many providers in this unprecedented time. This summary provides some strategies to help to maintain the high standard of care that we all seek for our patients who are receiving serious news."}, {"pmid": 32452020, "title": "How well prepared are dermatologists redeployed to COVID-19 wards?", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Plachouri, Kerasia-Maria", "Georgiou, Sophia"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452020", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253535, "pmcid": "PMC7134551", "title": "Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "De Siati, Daniele R", "Horoi, Mihaela", "Le Bon, Serge D", "Rodriguez, Alexandra", "Dequanter, Didier", "Blecic, Serge", "El Afia, Fahd", "Distinguin, Lea", "Chekkoury-Idrissi, Younes", "Hans, Stephane", "Delgado, Irene Lopez", "Calvo-Henriquez, Christian", "Lavigne, Philippe", "Falanga, Chiara", "Barillari, Maria Rosaria", "Cammaroto, Giovanni", "Khalife, Mohamad", "Leich, Pierre", "Souchay, Christel", "Rossi, Camelia", "Journe, Fabrice", "Hsieh, Julien", "Edjlali, Myriam", "Carlier, Robert", "Ris, Laurence", "Lovato, Andrea", "De Filippis, Cosimo", "Coppee, Frederique", "Fakhry, Nicolas", "Ayad, Tareck", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253535", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the occurrence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection were recruited from 12 European hospitals. The following epidemiological and clinical outcomes have been studied: age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidities, and general and otolaryngological symptoms. Patients completed olfactory and gustatory questionnaires based on the smell and taste component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and the short version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (sQOD-NS). A total of 417 mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients completed the study (263 females). The most prevalent general symptoms consisted of cough, myalgia, and loss of appetite. Face pain and nasal obstruction were the most disease-related otolaryngological symptoms. 85.6% and 88.0% of patients reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, respectively. There was a significant association between both disorders (p\u2009<\u20090.001). Olfactory dysfunction (OD) appeared before the other symptoms in 11.8% of cases. The sQO-NS scores were significantly lower in patients with anosmia compared with normosmic or hyposmic individuals (p\u2009=\u20090.001). Among the 18.2% of patients without nasal obstruction or rhinorrhea, 79.7% were hyposmic or anosmic. The early olfactory recovery rate was 44.0%. Females were significantly more affected by olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions than males (p\u2009=\u20090.001). Olfactory and gustatory disorders are prevalent symptoms in European COVID-19 patients, who may not have nasal symptoms. The sudden anosmia or ageusia need to be recognized by the international scientific community as important symptoms of the COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32298149, "title": "Chest CT and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Critical Review of the Literature to Date.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Raptis, Constantine A", "Hammer, Mark M", "Short, Ryan G", "Shah, Amar", "Bhalla, Sanjeev", "Bierhals, Andrew J", "Filev, Peter D", "Hope, Michael D", "Jeudy, Jean", "Kligerman, Seth J", "Henry, Travis S"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298149", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Studies in the radiology literature have suggested that CT might be sufficiently sensitive and specific in diagnosing COVID-19 when used in lieu of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test; however, this suggestion runs counter to current society guidelines. The purpose of this article is to critically review some of the most frequently cited studies on the use of CT for detecting COVID-19. CONCLUSION. To date, the radiology literature on COVID-19 has consisted of limited retrospective studies that do not substantiate the use of CT as a diagnostic test for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32275795, "pmcid": "PMC7262092", "title": "Bolstering the surgical response to COVID-19: how virtual technology will save lives and safeguard surgical practice.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Karim, Jamila S", "Hachach-Haram, Nadine", "Dasgupta, Prokar"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275795", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454042, "pmcid": "PMC7255210", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 related liver impairment - perception may not be the reality.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Philips, Cyriac Abby", "Ahamed, Rizwan", "Augustine, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454042", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315805, "pmcid": "PMC7166009", "title": "[Breast cancer management during the COVID 19 pandemic: the CNGOF takes action].", "journal": "Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol", "authors": ["Mathelin, Carole", "Nisand, Israel"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315805", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341629, "pmcid": "PMC7179065", "title": "Can imaging impact the coronavirus pandemic?", "journal": "Indian J Radiol Imaging", "authors": ["Kohli, Anirudh"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341629", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393680, "title": "Incomplete Kawasaki Disease in a Child with Covid-19.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Rivera-Figueroa, Elvia I", "Santos, Roberto", "Simpson, Scott", "Garg, Padma"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393680", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335249, "pmcid": "PMC7177144", "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and the Upper Limb Deep Vein Thrombosis Risk.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Bozzani, Antonio", "Arici, Vittorio", "Franciscone, Mila Maria", "Danesino, Vittorio", "Cascina, Alessandro", "Ticozzelli, Giulia", "Ragni, Franco"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335249", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little or nothing is known about the correlation between the upper limb deep vein thrombosis (UL-DVT) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We describe the increased risk of UL-DVT in 3 patients with SARS-CoV-2 who require continuous positive airway pressure with a hood and the need for early adequate antithrombotic prophylaxis."}, {"pmid": 32504465, "title": "Letter: A Guide to the Prioritization of Neurosurgical Cases After the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Thomas, Justin G", "Gandhi, Shashank", "White, Timothy G", "Jocelyn, Christian", "Soo, Teck M", "Eisenberg, Mark", "Schulder, Michael", "Narayan, Raj K"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504465", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527898, "title": "Owner concerns that pets have Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Watson, Katharine M", "Zhang, Yijia", "Towns, Kristine", "Kahe, Ka"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527898", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425955, "pmcid": "PMC7203467", "title": "Potential SARS-CoV-2 Preimmune IgM Epitopes.", "journal": "Front Immunol", "authors": ["Shivarov, Velizar", "Petrov, Peter K", "Pashov, Anastas D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425955", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While studying the human public IgM igome as represented by a library of 224,087 linear mimotopes, three exact matches to peptides in the proteins of SARS-CoV-2 were found: two in the open reading frame 1ab and one in the spike protein. Joining the efforts to fast track SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development, here we describe briefly these potential epitopes in comparison to mimotopes representing peptides of SARS-CoV, HCoV 229E and OC43."}, {"pmid": 32527345, "title": "[Clinical analysis of 23 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Xinyang City of Henan Province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Xu, Ming", "Li, Mengdie", "Zhan, Weiqiang", "Han, Tao", "Liu, Litao", "Zhang, Guosheng", "Lu, Yibin"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527345", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), so as to provide basis for clinical diagnosis. The epidemiology, clinical symptoms, laboratory and radiologic data of 23 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Fifth People's Hospital of Xinyang City from January 22nd to January 29th, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There was 23 patients with COVID-19, with 15 men and 8 women, and the median age was 46.0 (40.5, 52.0) years old (ranged from 27 years old to 80 years old). Nine patients had basic disease (39.1%), including hypertension (17.4%), cardiovascular diseases (17.4%), diabetes (8.7%), hypothyroidism (4.3%) and past history of tuberculosis (4.3%). All the 23 patients had contact history in Wuhan area or with confirmed cases. Clinical symptoms included fever (100%), cough (69.6%), expectoration (43.5%), myalgia (26.1%), headache (17.4%) and dyspnea (17.4%), and the less common symptom was diarrhea (4.3%). Blood routine tests showed leukocytopenia in 11 patients (47.8%), normal leukocyte counts in 10 patients (43.5%), and leukocytosis in 2 patients (8.7%); lymphopenia was found in 13 patients (56.5%). All 23 patients had different degrees of infective lesions in chest CT, with 7 patients (30.4%) on one side and 16 patients (69.6%) on both sides. There were 19 mild patients, 4 severe patients, and no critical or death case. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (17.4%). No patient was reported with liver, kidney or heart dysfunction or secondary infection. Epidemic history of contact, fever, pneumonia signs of chest CT, normal or decreased count of leukocyte and lymphopenia are the clinical basis for diagnosis of COVID-19. However, at present, the treatment of patients has not been completed, and the effective treatment strategy and final prognosis are unclear."}, {"pmid": 32425366, "pmcid": "PMC7229924", "title": "Comment on 'Reorganisation of medical oncology departments during the novel coronavirus disease-19 pandemic: A nationwide Italian survey' by Alice Indini et al.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Bongiovanni, Alberto", "Mercatali, Laura", "Fausti, Valentina", "Ibrahim, Toni"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425366", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285862, "title": "From the handling of an outbreak by an unknown pathogen in Wuhan to the preparedness and response in the face of the emergence of Covid-19 in Mexico.", "journal": "Gac Med Mex", "authors": ["Lopez-Ortiz, Eduardo", "Lopez-Ortiz, Geovani", "Mendiola-Pastrana, Indira R", "Mazon-Ramirez, Juan J", "Diaz-Quinonez, Jose A"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285862", "countries": ["China", "Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the Chinese health authorities informed the international community, through the mechanisms established by the World Health Organization (WHO), of a pneumonia epidemic of unknown etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The first cases were reported early in that month and were linked to a history of having visited a market where food and live animals are sold. On January 7, 2020, isolation and identification of the culprit pathogen was achieved using next-generation sequencing, while the number of affected subjects continued to rise. The publication of full-genomes of the newly identified coronavirus (initially called 2019-nCoV, now called SARS-CoV2) in public and private databases, of standardized diagnostic protocols and of the clinical-epidemiological information generated will allow addressing the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), declared on January 30 by the WHO. With this document, we intend to contribute to the characterization of the pneumonia epidemic, now designated coronavirus disease (Covid-19) review the strengths Mexico has in the global health concert and invite health professionals to join the preparedness and response activities in the face of this emergency."}, {"pmid": 32524962, "title": "Case report: COVID-19 Masquerading as an Acute Surgical Abdomen.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Ahmed, Ashraf O E", "Badawi, Mohamed", "Ahmed, Khalid", "Mohamed, Mouhand F H"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524962", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection can present with various clinical features, among which gastrointestinal manifestations such as nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and mild abdominal pain have been reported. Recognition of rare presentations of SARS-CoV-2 infection has increased over time. These atypical and rare presentations may lead to difficulties in establishing the diagnosis in a timely manner; furthermore, they may lead to unnecessary investigations, extended hospital stays, adverse outcomes, and more strain on healthcare resources. We present three cases admitted to our hospital with a picture that mimicked an acute abdomen, necessitating surgical assessment and evaluation. All cases turned out to be SARS-CoV-2 positive and did not require surgical management. We discuss the management course, highlight the importance of abdominal symptoms in the setting of COVID-19, and discuss the implications of this association for medical practice amid the current pandemic in both resource-rich and resource-limited settings."}, {"pmid": 32425715, "pmcid": "PMC7233203", "title": "Implementing Emergency Gynecologic Surgery Guidelines during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Menhaji, Kimia", "Tran, Ann Do", "Garely, Alan D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425715", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379114, "pmcid": "PMC7219849", "title": "Characteristics and Early Prognosis of COVID-19 Infection in Fracture Patients.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Mi, Bobin", "Chen, Lang", "Xiong, Yuan", "Xue, Hang", "Zhou, Wu", "Liu, Guohui"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379114", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Studies of the novel coronavirus-induced disease COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, have elucidated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of this disease in the general population. The present investigation summarizes the clinical characteristics and early prognosis of COVID-19 infection in a cohort of patients with fractures. Data on 10 patients with a fracture and COVID-19 were collected from 8 different hospitals located in the Hubei province from January 1, 2020, to February 27, 2020. Analyses of early prognosis were based on clinical outcomes and trends in laboratory results during treatment. All 10 patients presented with limited activity related to the fracture. The most common signs were fever, cough, and fatigue at the time of presentation (7 patients each). Other, less common signs included sore throat (4 patients), dyspnea (5 patients), chest pain (1 patient), nasal congestion (1 patient), headache (1 patient), dizziness (3 patients), abdominal pain (1 patient), and vomiting (1 patient). Lymphopenia (<1.0 \u00d7 10 cells/L) was identified in 6 of 10 patients, 9 of 9 patients had a high serum level of D-dimer, and 9 of 9 patients had a high level of C-reactive protein. Three patients underwent surgery, whereas the others were managed nonoperatively because of their compromised status. Four patients died on day 8 (3 patients) or day 14 (1 patient) after admission. The clinical outcomes for the surviving patients are not yet determined. The clinical characteristics and early prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with fracture tended to be more severe than those reported for adult patients with COVID-19 without fracture. This finding may be related to the duration between the development of symptoms and presentation. Surgical treatment should be carried out cautiously or nonoperative care should be chosen for patients with fracture in COVID-19-affected areas, especially older individuals with intertrochanteric fractures. Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32114075, "pmcid": "PMC7102602", "title": "Asymptomatic coronavirus infection: MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114075", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243287, "pmcid": "PMC7173081", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Low and Middle-Income Countries.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Bong, Choon-Looi", "Brasher, Christopher", "Chikumba, Edson", "McDougall, Robert", "Mellin-Olsen, Jannicke", "Enright, Angela"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243287", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is spreading rapidly around the world with devastating consequences on patients, healthcare workers, health systems and economies. As it reaches low and middle-income countries, its effects could be even more dire because it will be difficult for them to respond aggressively to the pandemic. There is a great shortage of all health care providers who will be at risk due to a lack of personal protection equipment. Social distancing will be almost impossible. The necessary resources to treat patients will be in short supply. The end result could be a catastrophic loss of life. A global effort will be required to support faltering economies and health care systems."}, {"pmid": 32448759, "pmcid": "PMC7207142", "title": "COVID-19: Unique public health issues facing Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities.", "journal": "Curr Probl Cardiol", "authors": ["Abuelgasim, Eyad", "Saw, Li Jing", "Shirke, Manasi", "Zeinah, Mohamed", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448759", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease is a serious public health emergency, with serious adverse implications for populations, healthcare systems, and economies globally. Recently, concerns have been raised about possible\u00a0association between ethnicity, incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 arisen from early government data. In this review, we will explore the possible association using both recent COVID-19 studies and studies of previous pandemics. We call for data on ethnicity to be routinely collected by governments, as part of an international collaboration, alongside other patient demographics and further research to robustly determine the magnitude of association. Moreover, governments must learn from previous pandemics and recommended strategies to mitigate risks on minority ethnicities due to socioeconomic disadvantages."}, {"pmid": 32485652, "pmcid": "PMC7253975", "title": "Interaction of the prototypical alpha-ketoamide inhibitor with the SARS-CoV-2 main protease active site in silico: Molecular dynamic simulations highlight the stability of the ligand-protein complex.", "journal": "Comput Biol Chem", "authors": ["Liang, Julia", "Pitsillou, Eleni", "Karagiannis, Chris", "Darmawan, Kevion K", "Ng, Ken", "Hung, Andrew", "Karagiannis, Tom C"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485652", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes an illness known as COVID-19, which has been declared a global pandemic with over 2 million confirmed cases and 137,000 deaths in 185 countries and regions at the time of writing (16 April 2020), over a quarter of these cases being in the United States. In the absence of a vaccine, or an approved effective therapeutic, there is an intense interest in repositioning available drugs or designing small molecule antivirals. In this context, in silico modelling has proven to be an invaluable tool. An important target is the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), involved in processing translated viral proteins. Peptidomimetic \u03b1-ketoamides represent prototypical inhibitors of Mpro. A recent attempt at designing a compound with enhanced pharmacokinetic properties has resulted in the synthesis and evaluation of the \u03b1-ketoamide 13b analogue. Here, we performed molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to further characterize the interaction of \u03b1-ketoamide 13b with the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. We included the widely used antibiotic, amoxicillin, for comparison. Our findings indicate that \u03b1-ketoamide 13b binds more tightly (predicted GlideScore = -8.7 and -9.2\u202fkcal/mol for protomers A and B, respectively), to the protease active site compared to amoxicillin (-5.0 and -4.8\u202fkcal/mol). Further, molecular dynamics simulations highlight the stability of the interaction of the \u03b1-ketoamide 13b ligand with the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (\u0394G = -25.2 and -22.3\u202fkcal/mol for protomers A and B). In contrast, amoxicillin interacts unfavourably with the protease (\u0394G = +32.8\u202fkcal/mol for protomer A), with unbinding events observed in several independent simulations. Overall, our findings are consistent with those previously observed, and highlight the need to further explore the \u03b1-ketoamides as potential antivirals for this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32423324, "title": "Clinical course of COVID-19 infection in elderly patient with melanoma on nivolumab.", "journal": "J Oncol Pharm Pract", "authors": ["Yekeduz, Emre", "Dursun, Bengu", "Aydin, Gule C", "Yazgan, Sati C", "Ozturk, Halis H", "Azap, Alpay", "Utkan, Gungor", "Urun, Yuksel"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423324", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Outbreak of the new type coronavirus infection, known as coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19), has begun in December 2019, in Wuhan, China. As of today, 3 April 2020, 972,640 people affected and 50,325 people died from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2. There is not any standard treatment for coronavirus infection 2019; however, there are promising data for hydroxychloroquine and some anti-retroviral drugs. Programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1) pathway is an important target for the cancer immunotherapy. However, there is a robust pre-clinical and clinical data regarding inhibitor effect of this pathway on the acute or chronic viral infections. Thus, blockade of this pathway may lead to an anti-viral effect and decrease viral load. Here, we report the clinical course of coronavirus infection 2019 infection of a patient in whom older aged, having multiple co-morbidities, and taking nivolumab for metastatic malignant melanoma. In contrast to her older age, comorbidities, and cancer diagnosis, she was in a good condition, and there was also no pneumonia finding. We think that this good clinical course of coronavirus infection 2019 infection may be related to blockade of PD-1/PDL-1 pathway with nivolumab. It is impossible to say that blockade of PD-1/PDL-1pathway is a treatment option for COVID-19; however, we want to share our experience."}, {"pmid": 32497808, "pmcid": "PMC7264933", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak in Malaysia: Actions Taken by the Malaysian Government.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shah, Ain Umaira Md", "Safri, Syafiqah Nur Azrie", "Thevadas, Rathedevi", "Noordin, Nor Kamariah", "Rahman, Azmawani Abd", "Sekawi, Zamberi", "Ideris, Aini", "Sultan, Mohamed Thariq Hameed"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497808", "countries": ["China", "Thailand", "Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, a novel pneumonia disease originated from Wuhan, was confirmed by World Health Organization on 12th January 2020 before becoming an outbreak in all countries. A stringent screening process in all airports had been enforced after the first case outside China was reported in Thailand. Up to 14th April 2020, Malaysia reported two waves of COVID-19 cases, which the first wave was successfully ended in less than two months. In early March 2020, the second wave arose with worrying situations. Malaysia government enforced the Movement Control Order starting from 18th March 2020 to seriously break the chain of COVID-19. Media actively spread the hashtag #stayhome. Non-governmental organizations including prison inmates were the earliest to sew personal protective equipment to frontliners. Various organizations hosted fund raising to provide essentials mainly to hospitals. Provisional hospital was set up, collaborations with healthcare service providers were granted while additional laboratories were assigned in enhancing the proficiency of Ministry of Health. Initial financial stimulus amount RM 20.0 billion was released in February 2020 before the highlighted PRIHATIN package, amount RM 250 billion was announced. The PRIHATIN package was an all-inclusive support from the government to society in various backgrounds from students, families to business owners."}, {"pmid": 32482571, "pmcid": "PMC7198134", "title": "Consensus statement. Corticosteroid therapy in ENT in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Herman, P", "Vincent, C", "Parietti Winkler, C", "Loundon, N", "Couloigner, V", "Tankere, F", "Tringali, S", "Gallet, P", "Papon, J-F", "Montava, M", "Lavieille, J-P", "Charpiot, A", "Schmerber, S"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482571", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This consensus statement about the indications and modalities of corticosteroid treatment in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic was jointly written by experts from the French Association of Otology and Oto-Neurology (AFON) and from the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (SFORL). There is currently not enough data in favour of danger or benefit from corticosteroids in COVID-19, so until this matter is resolved it is advisable to limit their indications to the most serious clinical pictures for which it is well established that this type of treatment has a positive impact on the progression of symptoms. In Grade V and VI Bell's palsy according to the House-Brackmann grading system, a week's course of oral corticosteroids is recommended. Corticosteroid therapy is also recommended in cases of sudden hearing loss of more than 60dB, either in the form of intratympanic injections or a week's course of oral medication. In rhinology, there is no indication for systemic corticosteroid therapy in the current situation. However, patients are advised to continue with their local corticosteroid therapy in the form of a nasal spray or by inhalation. Treatments with corticosteroid nasal sprays can still be prescribed if there is no alternative. Finally, systemic or local corticosteroid therapy is not indicated for bacterial ENT infections."}, {"pmid": 32414995, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges for the Neurosurgeons and Neurologists.", "journal": "Neurol India", "authors": ["Khilnani, G C"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414995", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242349, "pmcid": "PMC7131906", "title": "School Opening Delay Effect on Transmission Dynamics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: Based on Mathematical Modeling and Simulation Study.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Soyoung", "Kim, Yae Jean", "Peck, Kyong Ran", "Jung, Eunok"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242349", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nonpharmaceutical intervention strategy is significantly important to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread. One of the interventions implemented by the government is a school closure. The Ministry of Education decided to postpone the school opening from March 2 to April 6 to minimize epidemic size. We aimed to quantify the school closure effect on the COVID-19 epidemic. The potential effects of school opening were measured using a mathematical model considering two age groups: children (aged 19 years and younger) and adults (aged over 19). Based on susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model, isolation and behavior-changed susceptible individuals are additionally considered. The transmission parameters were estimated from the laboratory confirmed data reported by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from February 16 to March 22. The model was extended with estimated parameters and estimated the expected number of confirmed cases as the transmission rate increased after school opening. Assuming the transmission rate between children group would be increasing 10 fold after the schools open, approximately additional 60 cases are expected to occur from March 2 to March 9, and approximately additional 100 children cases are expected from March 9 to March 23. After March 23, the number of expected cases for children is 28.4 for 7 days and 33.6 for 14 days. The simulation results show that the government could reduce at least 200 cases, with two announcements by the Ministry of education. After March 23, although the possibility of massive transmission in the children's age group is lower, group transmission is possible to occur."}, {"pmid": 32371189, "pmcid": "PMC7172751", "title": "Reply to letter to the editor regarding article: Estimation of effects of nationwide lockdown for containing coronavirus infection on worsening of glycosylated haemoglobin and increase in diabetes-related complications: A simulation model using multivariate regression analysis (Ghosal et al.).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Ghosal, Samit"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371189", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389518, "pmcid": "PMC7161531", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients on renal replacement therapy. Report of the COVID-19 Registry of the Spanish Society of Nephrology (SEN).", "journal": "Nefrologia", "authors": ["Sanchez-Alvarez, J Emilio", "Perez Fontan, Miguel", "Jimenez Martin, Carlos", "Blasco Pelicano, Miquel", "Cabezas Reina, Carlos Jesus", "Sevillano Prieto, Angel M", "Melilli, Edoardo", "Crespo Barrios, Marta", "Macia Heras, Manuel", "Del Pino Y Pino, Maria Dolores"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389518", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent appearance of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic has had a significant impact on the general population. Patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) have not been unaware of this situation and due to their characteristics they are especially vulnerable. We present the results of the analysis of the COVID-19 Registry of the Spanish Society of Nephrology. The Registry began operating on March 18th, 2020. It collects epidemiological variables, contagion and diagnosis data, signs and symptoms, treatments and outcomes. It is an online registry. Patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection based on the results of the PCR of the virus, carried out both in patients who had manifested compatible symptoms or had suspicious signs, as well as in those who had undergone screening after some contact acquainted with another patient. As of April 11, the Registry had data on 868 patients, from all the Autonomous Communities. The most represented form of RRT is in-center hemodialysis (ICH) followed by transplant patients. Symptoms are similar to the general population. A very high percentage (85%) required hospital admission, 8% in intensive care units. The most used treatments were hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and steroids. Mortality is high and reaches 23%; deceased patients were more frequently on ICH, developed pneumonia more frequently, and received less frequently lopinavir-ritonavir and steroids. Age and pneumonia were independently associated with the risk of death. SARS-CoV-2 infection already affects a significant number of Spanish patients on RRT, mainly those on ICH, hospitalization rates are very high and mortality is high; age and the development of pneumonia are factors associated with mortality."}, {"pmid": 32345581, "title": "Covid-19: UK's chief scientific officer defends make up of advisory group.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Feinmann, Jane"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345581", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426750, "pmcid": "PMC7188438", "title": "Fact Versus Science Fiction: Fighting Coronavirus Disease 2019 Requires the Wisdom to Know the Difference.", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Ingraham, Nicholas E", "Tignanelli, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426750", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441761, "title": "COVID-19 and QT interval prolongation: more than just drug toxicity?", "journal": "Europace", "authors": ["Merino, Jose Luis", "Martinez-Cossiani, Marcel", "Iniesta, Angel", "Escobar, Carlos", "Rey, Juan R", "Castrejon-Castrejon, Sergio"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441761", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474119, "pmcid": "PMC7256529", "title": "Innovation in IBD Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Global Telemedicine Survey by the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Lees, Charlie W", "Regueiro, Miguel", "Mahadevan, Uma"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352022, "pmcid": "PMC7189196", "title": "Urticarial exanthem as early diagnostic clue for COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "JAAD Case Rep", "authors": ["Quintana-Castanedo, Lucia", "Feito-Rodriguez, Marta", "Valero-Lopez, Ivan", "Chiloeches-Fernandez, Clara", "Sendagorta-Cudos, Elena", "Herranz-Pinto, Pedro"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352022", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192247, "title": "Covid-19: The right amount of wolf.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Orstavik, Ragnhild E"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192247", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297987, "pmcid": "PMC7262080", "title": "Off-label Use of Tocilizumab in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Di Giambenedetto, Simona", "Ciccullo, Arturo", "Borghetti, Alberto", "Gambassi, Giovanni", "Landi, Francesco", "Visconti, Elena", "Zileri Dal Verme, Lorenzo", "Bernabei, Roberto", "Tamburrini, Enrica", "Cauda, Roberto", "Gasbarrini, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297987", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of the novel-Coronavirus infection worldwide represents a challenge for physicians. Particularly, no approved therapy has demonstrated to have an impact in treating patients who develop severe respiratory insufficiency so far. The use of humanized anti-human inteleukine-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab seems a promising strategy for these patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32282991, "pmcid": "PMC7262360", "title": "Immunosuppressive therapy maintenance in a kidney transplant recipient with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: A case report.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Bussalino, Elisabetta", "De Maria, Andrea", "Russo, Rodolfo", "Paoletti, Ernesto"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282991", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of systemic inflammation is proving crucial in determining unfavorable outcome in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Limited data are available regarding immunosuppression management in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. We report a case of a 32-year-old KTR who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection and fully recovered in 15\u00a0days while maintaining standard immunosuppressive therapy."}, {"pmid": 32363336, "pmcid": "PMC7194868", "title": "Two cases of coronavirus 2019-related cardiomyopathy in pregnancy.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Juusela, Alexander", "Nazir, Munir", "Gimovsky, Martin"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363336", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At our institution, 2 of the initial 7 pregnant patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 severe infection (28.6%; 95% CI, 8.2%-64.1%) developed cardiac dysfunction with moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fractions of 40%-45% and hypokinesis. Viral myocarditis and cardiomyopathy have also been reported in nonpregnant coronavirus disease 2019 patients. A case series of nonpregnant patients with coronavirus disease 2019 found that 33% of those in intensive care developed cardiomyopathy. More data are needed to ascertain the incidence of cardiomyopathy from coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy, in all pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019, and those with severe disease (eg, pneumonia). We suggest an echocardiogram in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia, in particular those necessitating oxygen, or those who are critically ill, and we recommend the use of handheld, point-of-care devices where possible to minimize contamination of staff and traditional large echocardiogram machines."}, {"pmid": 32387581, "pmcid": "PMC7199722", "title": "EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Chang, Hsu-Liang", "Chen, Yen-Hsu", "Taiwan, Hsin-Chu", "Yang, Chih-Jen"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387581", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255660, "pmcid": "PMC7228082", "title": "Leading the Compassionate Charge.", "journal": "Circ Heart Fail", "authors": ["Juneman, Elizabeth B"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255660", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388936, "title": "[Interim Guidelines for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 for Oversea Returnees].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388936", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277463, "pmcid": "PMC7262364", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of a Geriatrician-Hospitalist Caring for Older Adults.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Sinvani, Liron"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277463", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354787, "title": "A third of covid-19 patients admitted to UK hospitals die.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354787", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527378, "title": "Estimated Use of Intensive Care Beds Due to COVID-19 in Germany Over Time.", "journal": "Dtsch Arztebl Int", "authors": ["Stang, Andreas", "Stang, Maximilian", "Jockel, Karl-Heinz"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527378", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is concern in Germany that the capacity of intensive care unit (ICU) beds may not be sufficient for the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim was to determine the maximum daily number of COVID-19 cases requiring intensive care from 11 April through 30 June 2020. We assumed three non-exponential scenarios for the development of the cumulative case numbers up to 30 June 2020 (linear, slow quadratic, and fast quadratic). We assumed that 3-10% of of patients would require intensive care, that 8 days would elapse from a positive test to the need for intensive care, and that intensive care would be necessary for 14 or 20 days. Extrapolation of the maximum registered daily COVID-19 cases reveals a range of 4133 to 12 233 cases. Assuming that 3-10% of newly detected COVID-19 cases become intensive care patients and the average length of ICU stay is between 14 and 20 days, we arrive at a maximum daily number of ICU cases between 1989 (linear extrapolation, 3% ICU, 14 days in ICU) and 20 966 (fast quadratic extrapolation, 10% ICU, 20 days in ICU). Our results give no rise for concern that triage of COVID-19 patients may become necessary in Germany. However, the occupancy of ICU beds should be managed centrally to ensure optimal use of bed capacity. If, contrary to expectations, an exponential increase in case numbers should occur after all, our results will become invalid."}, {"pmid": 32313613, "title": "COVID-19 in Singapore and Malaysia: Rising to the Challenges of Orthopaedic Practice in an Evolving Pandemic.", "journal": "Malays Orthop J", "authors": ["Tay, K", "Kamarul, T", "Lok, W Y", "Mansor, M", "Li, X", "Wong, J", "Saw, A"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313613", "countries": ["Singapore", "Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the increasing number of COVID-19 cases and related deaths worldwide, we decided to share the development of this condition in Singapore and Malaysia. First few cases were diagnosed in the two countries at the end of January 2020, and the numbers have surged to thousands by end of March 2020. We will focus on strategies adopted by the government and also the Orthopaedic community of the two countries up till the beginning of April 2020. We hope that by sharing of relevant information and knowledge on how we are managing the COVID-19 condition, we can help other communities, and health care workers to more effectively overcome this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32337739, "pmcid": "PMC7267537", "title": "What can we do for part-time nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Choi, Edmond P H", "Ho, Mandy", "Smith, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337739", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398898, "pmcid": "PMC7215132", "title": "Agroecology and the emergence of a post COVID-19 agriculture.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Altieri, Miguel A", "Nicholls, Clara Ines"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398898", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409297, "pmcid": "PMC7234867", "title": "How we treat patients with lung cancer during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Provencio, Mariano", "Ruano-Ravina, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409297", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396983, "pmcid": "PMC7272983", "title": "Clinical Judgment Is Paramount When Performing Cognitive Screening during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Phillips, Natalie A", "Andrew, Melissa", "Chertkow, Howard", "Pichora-Fuller, Margaret Kathleen", "Rockwood, Kenneth", "Wittich, Walter"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396983", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365049, "title": "Tracheostomy during novel corona virus pandemic.", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Perenyi, Adam", "Sztano, Balazs", "Bella, Zsolt", "Szegesdi, Ilona", "Csanady, Miklos", "Kelemen, Eva", "Babik, Barna", "Rovo, Laszlo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365049", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, 6 percent of COVID-19 patients required prolonged mechanical ventilation due to severe respiratory failure. Early tracheostomy prevents the risk of postintubation upper airway stenosis. In the pandemic, all surgical interventions that generate aerosol increase the risk of contamination of the medical staff, for which reason the \"traditional\" indications of tracheostomy have to be revised. Authors present their recommendations based on international experiences. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(19): 767-770."}, {"pmid": 32289124, "title": "COVID-19 CRISIS: we must care for ourselves as we care for others.", "journal": "J Fam Pract", "authors": ["Sutton, Aaron", "Skolnik, Neil"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289124", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312574, "pmcid": "PMC7141630", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia with hemoptysis: Acute segmental pulmonary emboli associated with novel coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Casey, Kyla", "Iteen, Alexander", "Nicolini, Reese", "Auten, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312574", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent retrospective studies from Wuhan, China suggest Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be associated with a hypercoagulable state and increased risk for venous thromboembolism. The overlap in the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19 with concurrent pulmonary embolism creates a diagnostic challenge for emergency medicine physicians in patients already at risk for renal impairment. However, identifying features atypical for COVID-19 alone may play a role in the judicious use of Computed Tomography Angiography among these patients. Hemoptysis is seen in roughly 13% of pulmonary embolism cases and infrequently reported among COVID-19 infections. Additionally, the presence of right heart strain on electrocardiography (EKG) is a well described clinical presentations of pulmonary embolism not reported commonly with COVID-19 infections."}, {"pmid": 32391411, "pmcid": "PMC7206440", "title": "Survey data of COVID-19-related Knowledge, Risk Perceptions and Precautionary Behavior among Nigerians.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Olapegba, Peter O", "Ayandele, Olusola"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391411", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the global call for strategic information to understand the novel coronavirus, the dataset presented in this paper is an examination of COVID-19-related knowledge, risk perceptions and precautionary health behavior among Nigerians. The data were generated during the COVID-19 lockdown in the country through a survey distributed via an online questionnaire, assessing socio-demographic information (7 items), knowledge (5 items), information sources (1 item), risk perception (9 items), expected end of lockdown (1 item), and COVID-19 precautionary health behavior (10 items), from 28th March to 4th April, 2020, gathering a total of 1,357 responses. A combination of purposive and snowball techniques helped to select the respondents via Whatsapp and Facebook from 180 cities/towns in the 6 geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The survey data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The entire dataset is stored in a Microsoft Excel Worksheet (xlsx) and the questionnaire is attached as a supplementary file. The data will assist in curbing the Coronavirus pandemic by offering evidence for strategic and targeted interventions as well as health policy formulations and implementation."}, {"pmid": 32195700, "pmcid": "PMC7155903", "title": "Establishing and Managing a Temporary Coronavirus Disease 2019 Specialty Hospital in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Zhu, Weihong", "Wang, Yang", "Xiao, Kui", "Zhang, Huilin", "Tian, Yi", "Clifford, Sean P", "Xu, Junmei", "Huang, Jiapeng"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195700", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386440, "pmcid": "PMC7273078", "title": "Severe maternal morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19: The risk should not be down-played.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Westgren, Magnus", "Pettersson, Karin", "Hagberg, Henrik", "Acharya, Ganesh"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386440", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515084, "title": "Caring for the carers: Advice for dealing with sleep problems of hospital staff during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Sleep Res", "authors": ["Ballesio, Andrea", "Lombardo, Caterina", "Lucidi, Fabio", "Violani, Cristiano"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515084", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hospital staff are at the frontline in the COVID-19 outbreak. The stressors they experience may induce sleep problems in a population already at risk. Sleep deprivation, long shifts and insomnia in hospital staff have been associated with individual, organizational and public health hazards. These include increased risk of mental and somatic disorders, altered immune responses, medical errors, misunderstandings, drowsy driving and burnout. In March 2020, the World Health Organization called for providing access to mental health and counselling for health professionals involved in the COVID-19 outbreak. To answer this call, we propose practical advice for the management of sleep problems (sleep deprivation, insomnia and shift work) that can be included in supportive interventions. The advice is based on psychobiological principles of sleep regulation and on guidelines for the treatment of insomnia and was implemented within an initiative offering psychological support to the staff of three university hospitals in Rome."}, {"pmid": 32307545, "pmcid": "PMC7188175", "title": "Negative impact of social media panic during the COVID-19 outbreak in India.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Kadam, Abhay B", "Atre, Sachin R"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307545", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318729, "pmcid": "PMC7188112", "title": "Fever without a source in a young infant due to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Kan, Matthew J", "Grant, Lauren M C", "Muna, Martha A", "Greenhow, Tara L"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318729", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 5-week-old infant admitted for fever without a source subsequently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. She had a mild hospital course without respiratory distress. This unexpected presentation changed regional hospital screening for COVID-19 and personal protective equipment use by medical providers evaluating infants with fever without a source."}, {"pmid": 32302681, "pmcid": "PMC7194855", "title": "Practice Recommendations for Risk-Adapted Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An ASTRO-ESTRO Consensus Statement.", "journal": "Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys", "authors": ["Thomson, David J", "Palma, David", "Guckenberger, Matthias", "Balermpas, Panagiotis", "Beitler, Jonathan J", "Blanchard, Pierre", "Brizel, David", "Budach, Wilfred", "Caudell, Jimmy", "Corry, June", "Corvo, Renzo", "Evans, Mererid", "Garden, Adam S", "Giralt, Jordi", "Gregoire, Vincent", "Harari, Paul M", "Harrington, Kevin", "Hitchcock, Ying J", "Johansen, Jorgen", "Kaanders, Johannes", "Koyfman, Shlomo", "Langendijk, J A", "Le, Quynh-Thu", "Lee, Nancy", "Margalit, Danielle", "Mierzwa, Michelle", "Porceddu, Sandro", "Soong, Yoke Lim", "Sun, Ying", "Thariat, Juliette", "Waldron, John", "Yom, Sue S"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302681", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Because of the unprecedented disruption of health care services caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) identified an urgent need to issue practice recommendations for radiation oncologists treating head and neck cancer (HNC) in a time of limited resources and heightened risk for patients and staff. A panel of international experts from ASTRO, ESTRO, and select Asia-Pacific countries completed a modified rapid Delphi process. Topics and questions were presented to the group, and subsequent questions were developed from iterative feedback. Each survey was open online for 24 hours, and successive rounds started within 24 hours of the previous round. The chosen cutoffs for strong agreement (\u226580%) and agreement (\u226566%) were extrapolated from the RAND methodology. Two pandemic scenarios, early (risk mitigation) and late (severely reduced radiation therapy resources), were evaluated. The panel developed treatment recommendations for 5 HNC cases. In total, 29 of 31 of those invited (94%) accepted, and after a replacement 30 of 30 completed all 3 surveys (100% response rate). There was agreement or strong agreement across a number of practice areas, including treatment prioritization, whether to delay initiation or interrupt radiation therapy for intercurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection, approaches to treatment (radiation dose-fractionation schedules and use of chemotherapy in each pandemic scenario), management of surgical cases in event of operating room closures, and recommended adjustments to outpatient clinic appointments and supportive care. This urgent practice recommendation was issued in the knowledge of the very difficult circumstances in which our patients find themselves at present, navigating strained health care systems functioning with limited resources and at heightened risk to their health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this consensus statement is to ensure high-quality HNC treatments continue, to save lives and for symptomatic benefit."}, {"pmid": 32430493, "title": "24th Collegium Ramazzini statement. Prevention of work-related infection in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Occup Med Environ Health", "authors": ["Ramazzini Bologna Italy, Collegium"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430493", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337386, "pmcid": "PMC7179507", "title": "Practice considerations for proton beam radiotherapy of uveal melanoma during the COVID-19 pandemic: PTCOG Ocular experience.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Mishra, K K", "Afshar, A", "Thariat, J", "Shih, H A", "Scholey, J E", "Daftari, I K", "Kacperek, A", "Pica, A", "Hrbacek, J", "Dendale, R", "Mazal, A", "Heufelder, J", "Char, D H", "Sauerwein, W", "Weber, D C", "Damato, B E"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337386", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare but life-threatening cancer of the eye. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals and proton eye therapy facilities must analyze several factors to ensure appropriate treatment protocols for patients and provider teams. Practice considerations to limit COVID-19 transmission in the proton ocular treatment setting for UM are necessary. The Particle Therapy Co-Operative Group (PTCOG) is the largest international community of particle/proton therapy providers. Participating experts are/were affiliated with the member institutions of the PTCOG Ocular subcommittee with long-standing high-volume proton ocular programs. The practices reviewed in this document must be taken in conjunction with local hospital procedures, multidisciplinary recommendations, and regional/national guidelines, as each community may have its unique needs, supplies, and protocols. Importantly, as the pandemic evolves, so will the strategies and recommendations. Given the unique circumstances for UM patients, along with indications of potential ophthalmologic transmission as a result of healthcare providers working in close proximity to patients and intrinsic infectious risk from eyelashes, tears and hair, practice strategies may be adapted to reduce the risk of viral transmission. Certainly, providers and health care systems will continue to examine and provide as safe and effective care as possible for patients in the current environment."}, {"pmid": 32217104, "pmcid": "PMC7270586", "title": "Inside China and COVID-19: Questions and answers.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jiang, Rongmeng"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217104", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286246, "title": "COVID-19 infections are also affected by human ACE1 D/I polymorphism.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Delanghe, Joris R", "Speeckaert, Marijn M", "De Buyzere, Marc L"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286246", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292848, "pmcid": "PMC7151394", "title": "COVID-19 for the Cardiologist: A Current Review of the Virology, Clinical Epidemiology, Cardiac and Other Clinical Manifestations and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.", "journal": "JACC Basic Transl Sci", "authors": ["Atri, Deepak", "Siddiqi, Hasan K", "Lang, Joshua", "Nauffal, Victor", "Morrow, David A", "Bohula, Erin A"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292848", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), has reached pandemic status. As it spreads across the world, it has overwhelmed healthcare systems, strangled the global economy and led to a devastating loss of life. Widespread efforts from regulators, clinicians and scientists are driving a rapid expansion of knowledge of the SARS-CoV2 virus and the COVID-19 disease. We review the most current data with a focus on our basic understanding of the mechanism(s) of disease and translation to the clinical syndrome and potential therapeutics. We discuss the basic virology, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, multi-organ consequences, and outcomes. With a focus on cardiovascular complications, we propose several mechanisms of injury. The virology and potential mechanism of injury form the basis for a discussion of potential disease-modifying therapies."}, {"pmid": 32472688, "title": "Low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among pregnant and postpartum patients with universal screening in Seattle, Washington.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["LaCourse, Sylvia M", "Kachikis, Alisa", "Blain, Michela", "Simmons, LaVone E", "Mays, James A", "Pattison, Amber D", "Salerno, Carol C", "McCartney, Stephen A", "Kretzer, Nicole M", "Resnick, Rebecca", "Shay, Rosemary L", "Savitsky, Leah M", "Curtin, Anna C", "Huebner, Emily M", "Ma, Kimberly K", "Delaney, Shani", "Delgado, Carlos", "Schippers, Adrienne", "Munson, Jeff", "Pottinger, Paul S", "Cohen, Seth", "Neme, Santiago", "Bourassa, Lori", "Bryan, Andrew", "Greninger, Alex", "Jerome, Keith R", "Roxby, Alison C", "Lokken, Erica", "Cheng, Edith", "Adams Waldorf, Kristina M", "Hitti, Jane"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472688", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We found a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (2.7% [5/188]) among pregnant and postpartum patients after initiating universal testing. Prevalence among symptomatic patients (22.2% [4/18]) was similar to initial targeted screening approaches (19.1% [8/42]). Among 170 asymptomatic patients, two were positive or inconclusive, respectively; repeat testing at 24 hours was negative."}, {"pmid": 32308221, "pmcid": "PMC7144708", "title": "Imported Infections in Rural Mid-West United States - A Report from a Tertiary Care Center.", "journal": "Mo Med", "authors": ["Meyer, Amy", "Regunath, Hariharan", "Rojas-Moreno, Christian", "Salzer, William", "Christensen, Gordon"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308221", "countries": ["United States", "Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is lack of specific data on imported infections in the mid-west United States (U.S.). Retrospective data on demographic and geographic data of imported infections seen by the infectious diseases clinics and consultation service from 2001-2018 was collected. Of the 64 infections, tuberculosis(TB) was most common [20(31.3%); pulmonary(11,55%), lymphadenopathy(8,40%), gastrointestinal(4,20%), disseminated(2,10%), and 1(5%) each of genitourinary and vertebral spine infection, 4 Human immune-deficiency virus infection and 1 echinococcosis)] followed by malaria(11,17.2%). Other infections: Cysticercosis [7,10.9%], giardiasis (4,6.3%), 3 each (4.7%) Human T-lymphotrophic Virus infection and schistosomiasis, 2 each (3.1%) leprosy, strongyloidiasis, and typhoid fever, one each (1.6%) of ascariasis, brucellosis, Chagas disease, Chikungunya virus, hepatitis A virus, echinococcosis, Japanese encephalitis virus, loiasis, paratyphoid fever, Q fever, and unspecified parasitosis. Geographic origins: Africa(26,40.6%), Asia(16,25%), Central America(11,17.2%), Europe(2,3.1%), Oceania(2,3.1%), South America(2,3.1%), and Unknown(5). More cases were seen after 2015. With increasing tourism, it is important to educate rural mid-west healthcare professionals on travel medicine. The current COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the importance of this type of education and data accumulation now and in the future."}, {"pmid": 32515525, "title": "Mental health services in Italy during the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Carpiniello, Bernardo", "Tusconi, Massimo", "di Sciascio, Guido", "Zanalda, Enrico", "di Giannantonio, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515525", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439731, "title": "Simple, fast and affordable triaging pathway for COVID-19.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Eggleton, Elizabeth Jane"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439731", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 has caused a global pandemic. The majority of patients will experience mild disease, but others will develop a severe respiratory infection that requires hospitalisation. This is causing a significant strain on health services. Patients are presenting at emergency departments with symptoms of dyspnoea, dry cough and fever with varying severity. The appropriate triaging of patients will assist in preventing health services becoming overwhelmed during the pandemic. This is assisted through clinical assessment and various imaging and laboratory investigations, including chest X-ray, blood analysis and identification of viral infection with SARS-CoV-2. Here, a succinct triaging pathway that aims to be fast, reliable and affordable is presented. The hope is that such a pathway will assist health services in appropriately combating the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32338254, "title": "Olfactory and rhinological evaluations in SARS-CoV-2 patients complaining of olfactory loss.", "journal": "Rhinology", "authors": ["Ottaviano, G", "Carecchio, M", "Scarpa, B", "Marchese-Ragona, R"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338254", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) outbreak emerged in China and spread rapidly in several countries. As of April 5, 2020, 1.218.474 cases were confirmed with 65.884 deaths worldwide (1). The clinical manifestations of Covid-19 range from asymptomatic carrier status to severe pneumonia. In a study of 7,736 Covid-19 patients in China, of all the clinical symptoms, hyposmia was not reported in any patient(2). Anyway, it is now clear that olfactory dysfunction may also be present in these patients(3) as the only or prevalent manifestation(4)."}, {"pmid": 32187421, "pmcid": "PMC7228364", "title": "COVID-19: Social distancing, ACE 2 receptors, protease inhibitors and beyond?", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Thomson, George"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187421", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468286, "title": "Education in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Radiol", "authors": ["Bloom, David Adam", "Reid, Janet R", "Cassady, Christopher I"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468286", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513867, "title": "Antibody signature induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein immunogens in rabbits.", "journal": "Sci Transl Med", "authors": ["Ravichandran, Supriya", "Coyle, Elizabeth M", "Klenow, Laura", "Tang, Juanjie", "Grubbs, Gabrielle", "Liu, Shufeng", "Wang, Tony", "Golding, Hana", "Khurana, Surender"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513867", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Multiple vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 based on viral spike protein are under development. However, there is limited information on the quality of antibody responses generated with these vaccine modalities. To better understand antibody responses induced by spike protein-based vaccines, we performed a qualitative study by immunizing rabbits with various SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antigens: S-ectodomain (S1+S2) (aa 16-1213), which lacks the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains (CT-TM), the S1 domain (aa 16-685), the receptor-binding domain (RBD) (aa 319-541), and the S2 domain (aa 686-1213, lacking the RBD, as control). Resulting antibody quality and function were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), receptor binding domain (RBD) competition assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) against different spike proteins in native conformation, and neutralization assays. All three antigens (S1+S2 ectodomain, S1 domain, and RBD), but not S2, generated strong neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccination-induced antibody repertoire was analyzed by SARS-CoV-2 spike genome fragment phage display libraries (SARS-CoV-2 GFPDL), which identified immunodominant epitopes in the S1, S1-RBD, and S2 domains. Furthermore, these analyses demonstrated that the RBD immunogen elicited a higher antibody titer with 5-fold higher affinity antibodies to native spike antigens compared with other spike antigens; and antibody affinity correlated strongly with neutralization titers. These findings may help guide rational vaccine design and facilitate development and evaluation of effective therapeutics and vaccines against COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32526092, "title": "Thromboprophylaxis in a patient with COVID-19 and severe hemophilia A on emicizumab prophylaxis.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Rivas-Pollmar, Maria Isabel", "Alvarez-Roman, Maria Teresa", "Butta-Coll, Nora V", "Martin Salces, Monica", "Garcia-Barcenilla, Sara", "Jimenez-Yuste, Victor"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526092", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 can be associated with coagulopathy (CAC, COVID-19-associated coagulopathy) with a high prothrombotic risk based on an intense inflammatory response to viral infection leading to immunothrombosis through different procoagulant pathways[1]. Emerging evidence suggests that the use of heparin in these patients could be associated with lower mortality[2]."}, {"pmid": 32399451, "pmcid": "PMC7213827", "title": "A Case of Coinfection with SARS-COV-2 and Cytomegalovirus in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["D'Ardes, Damiano", "Boccatonda, Andrea", "Schiavone, Cosima", "Santilli, Francesca", "Guagnano, Maria Teresa", "Bucci, Marco", "Cipollone, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399451", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization has declared novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) an international public health emergency. We describe the case of a 92-year-old woman who was admitted to our unit with fever and chills with laboratory evidence of coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and cytomegalovirus. This is the first reported case of coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and cytomegalovirus."}, {"pmid": 32303418, "pmcid": "PMC7151243", "title": "More clinical warning indicators should be explored for monitoring COVID-19 patients' condition.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Yang, Chaojun", "Yang, Jian", "Zhang, Jing", "Yang, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303418", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423471, "pmcid": "PMC7232908", "title": "Musculoskeletal symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients.", "journal": "J Orthop Surg Res", "authors": ["Cipollaro, Lucio", "Giordano, Lorenzo", "Padulo, Johnny", "Oliva, Francesco", "Maffulli, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423471", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220020, "title": "What dermatologists could do to cope with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a dermatologist's perspective from China.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Zhang, H", "Tang, K", "Fang, R", "Sun, Q"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220020", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125140, "pmcid": "PMC7098069", "title": "Broad Spectrum Antiviral Agent Niclosamide and Its Therapeutic Potential.", "journal": "ACS Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xu, Jimin", "Shi, Pei-Yong", "Li, Hongmin", "Zhou, Jia"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125140", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlights an urgent need for therapeutics. Through a series of drug repurposing screening campaigns, niclosamide, an FDA-approved anthelminthic drug, was found to be effective against various viral infections with nanomolar to micromolar potency such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, ZIKV, HCV, and human adenovirus, indicating its potential as an antiviral agent. In this brief review, we summarize the broad antiviral activity of niclosamide and highlight its potential clinical use in the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32442421, "pmcid": "PMC7237371", "title": "Septic shock presentation in adolescents with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Dallan, Cecilia", "Romano, Fabrizio", "Siebert, Johan", "Politi, Sofia", "Lacroix, Laurence", "Sahyoun, Cyril"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442421", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181795, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Livingston, Edward", "Bucher, Karen"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181795", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202611, "title": "Social Media and Emergency Preparedness in Response to Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Merchant, Raina M", "Lurie, Nicole"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202611", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237212, "pmcid": "PMC7228389", "title": "COVID 19 and the Patient with Obesity - The Editors Speak Out.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Ryan, Donna H", "Ravussin, Eric", "Heymsfield, Steven"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273594, "pmcid": "PMC7143200", "title": "COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Cao, Xuetao"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273594", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410735, "pmcid": "PMC7221370", "title": "Interaction of the spike protein RBD from SARS-CoV-2 with ACE2: Similarity with SARS-CoV, hot-spot analysis and effect of the receptor polymorphism.", "journal": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun", "authors": ["Othman, Houcemeddine", "Bouslama, Zied", "Brandenburg, Jean-Tristan", "da Rocha, Jorge", "Hamdi, Yosr", "Ghedira, Kais", "Srairi-Abid, Najet", "Hazelhurst, Scott"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410735", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been growing since its first identification in December 2019. The publishing of the first SARS-CoV-2 genome made a valuable source of data to study the details about its phylogeny, evolution, and interaction with the host. Protein-protein binding assays have confirmed that Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is more likely to be the cell receptor through which the virus invades the host cell. In the present work, we provide an insight into the interaction of the viral spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) from different coronavirus isolates with host ACE2 protein. By calculating the binding energy score between RBD and ACE2, we highlighted the putative jump in the affinity from a progenitor form of SARS-CoV-2 to the current virus responsible for COVID-19 outbreak. Our result was consistent with previously reported phylogenetic analysis and corroborates the opinion that the interface segment of the spike protein RBD might be acquired by SARS-CoV-2 via a complex evolutionary process rather than a progressive accumulation of mutations. We also highlighted the relevance of Q493 and P499 amino acid residues of SARS-CoV-2 RBD for binding to human ACE2 and maintaining the stability of the interface. Moreover, we show from the structural analysis that it is unlikely for the interface residues to be the result of genetic engineering. Finally, we studied the impact of eight different variants located at the interaction surface of ACE2, on the complex formation with SARS-CoV-2 RBD. We found that none of them is likely to disrupt the interaction with the viral RBD of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32360683, "pmcid": "PMC7187828", "title": "COVID-19 financial resources for physicians.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Satiani, Bhagwan", "Zigrang, Todd A", "Bailey-Wheaton, Jessica L"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360683", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The appropriate focus in managing the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States has been addressing access and delivery of care to the population affected by the outbreak. All sectors of the U.S. economy have been significantly affected, including physicians. Physician groups of all specialties and sizes have experienced the financial effects of the pandemic. Hospitals have received billions of dollars to support and enable them to manage emergencies and cover the costs of the disruption. However, many vascular surgeons are under great financial pressure because of the postponement of all nonemergency procedures. The federal government has announced a myriad of programs in the form of grants and loans to reimburse physicians for some of their expenses and loss of revenue. It is more than likely that unless the public health emergency subsides significantly, many practices will experience dire consequences without additional financial assistance. We have attempted to provide a concise listing of such programs and resources available to assist vascular surgeons who are small businesses in accessing these opportunities."}, {"pmid": 32514348, "pmcid": "PMC7267755", "title": "How to deal with COVID-19 epidemic-related lockdown physical inactivity and sedentary increase in youth? Adaptation of Anses' benchmarks.", "journal": "Arch Public Health", "authors": ["Margaritis, Irene", "Houdart, Sabine", "El Ouadrhiri, Youssef", "Bigard, Xavier", "Vuillemin, Anne", "Duche, Pascale"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514348", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Faced with the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, regulatory measures aiming to prevent interpersonal contaminations have been undertaken and among these, lockdown. Due to strong restrictions out-of-home movements, we hypothesize that overall physical activity will decrease and sedentary behavior increase. This could result in highest exposure to the well-known risk related to insufficient physical activity. To mitigate physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors health-related risks related to children and adolescents lockdown and school closure, Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety) has adapted, within the first days of the public authorities' prescription, its former benchmarks. This paper supports and comments Anses' Opinion by raising the questions of whether, why, and how to deal with short- or medium-term lockdown-related physical inactivity and sedentary behavior increases. Short-term and unknown long term-impacts on mental health and well-being, physical fitness and eating behaviors clearly appearing for children and adolescents as being the main issues of concern are highlighted. Targeting the compensations of the physical inactivity increase, the types, frequencies and durations of physical activity, are adapted to restricted environment. Sedentary behavior limitation and frequent interruptions becomes a priority. Overall, considering children and adolescents, the emerging risk justifies proposing specific adaptations and type of activities in order to ensure maintaining health underpinned, at least partly, by physiological equilibrium and physical fitness and avoid the installation of new unhealthy habits or routines that young people could keep after lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32510102, "title": "Editorial: Diagnostic Testing for SARS-Coronavirus-2 in the Nursing Facility: Recommendations of a Delphi Panel of Long-Term Care Clinicians.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Wasserman, M", "Ouslander, J G", "Lam, A", "Wolk, A G", "Morley, J E", "von Preyss-Friedman, S", "Marco, N", "Nazir, A", "Haimowitz, D", "Bessey, F"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510102", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the COVID-19 pandemic progressing, guidance on strategies to mitigate its devastating effects in nursing facilities (NFs) is critical to preventing additional tragic outcomes. Asymptomatic spread of COVID-19 from nursing facility staff and residents is a major accelerator of infection. Facility-wide point-prevalence testing is an emerging strategy in disease mitigation. Because time is not available to await the results of randomized controlled trials before implementing strategies in this high-risk setting, an expert Delphi panel composed of experienced long-term care medicine professionals has now met to provide testing guidance for SARS-Coronavirus-2 to NFs. After many email and telephone discussions, the panel responded to a questionnaire that included six different scenarios, based on varying availability of Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing and personal protective equipment (PPE). The panel endorsed facility-wide testing of staff and residents without dissent when diagnostic RT-PCR was available. While the panel recognized the limitations of RT-PCR testing, it strongly recommended this testing for both staff and residents in NFs that were either COVID-19 naive or had limited outbreaks. There was also consensus on testing residents with atypical symptoms in a scenario of limited testing capability. The panel favored testing every 1 to 2 weeks if testing was readily available, reducing the frequency to every month as community prevalence declined or as the collection of additional data further informed clinical critical thinking and decision-making. The panel recognized that frequent testing would have consequences in terms of potential staff shortages due to quarantine after positive tests and increased PPE use. However, the panel felt that not testing would allow new clusters of infection to form. The resulting high mortality rate would outweigh the potential negative consequences of testing. The panel also recognized the pandemic as a rapidly evolving crisis, and that new science and increasing experience might require an updating of its recommendations. The panel hopes that its recommendations will be of value to the long-term care industry and to policy makers as we work together to manage through this challenging and stressful time."}, {"pmid": 32495091, "pmcid": "PMC7269618", "title": "Covid-19: an Imperative to Bridge the Gap Between Medicine And Public Health.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Mushlin, Alvin I"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495091", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423059, "title": "Recent Insight into SARS-CoV2 Immunopathology and Rationale for Potential Treatment and Preventive Strategies in COVID-19.", "journal": "Vaccines (Basel)", "authors": ["Lega, Sara", "Naviglio, Samuele", "Volpi, Stefano", "Tommasini, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423059", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the outbreak of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is spreading globally, great effort is being made to understand the disease pathogenesis and host factors that predispose to disease progression in an attempt to find a window of opportunity for intervention. In addition to the direct cytopathic effect of the virus, the host hyper-inflammatory response has emerged as a key factor in determining disease severity and mortality. Accumulating clinical observations raised hypotheses to explain why some patients develop more severe disease while others only manifest mild or no symptoms. So far, Covid-19 management remains mainly supportive. However, many researches are underway to clarify the role of antiviral and immunomodulating drugs in changing morbidity and mortality in patients who become severely ill. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the host immune system and discusses recent findings on proposed pharmacologic treatments."}, {"pmid": 32404340, "title": "No evidence so far on the protective effect of hydroxychloroquine to prevent COVID-19: response to the comment by Joob and Wiwanitkit.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Romao, Vasco C", "Cruz-Machado, Ana Rita", "Fonseca, Joao Eurico"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404340", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518044, "title": "The Invisible University Is COVID-19 Positive.", "journal": "Trends Genet", "authors": ["Park, Daniel S"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518044", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Within the ivory tower of academia, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic stands to disproportionately impact the invisible workforce of postdoctoral researchers (postdocs). Faced with university closures, hiring freezes, and a general lack of support and benefits, an entire generation of postdocs and their knowledge and skills may be lost to academia without intervention."}, {"pmid": 32471703, "pmcid": "PMC7241376", "title": "Laboratory Biomarkers Predicting COVID-19 Severity in the Emergency Room.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Assandri, Roberto", "Buscarini, Elisabetta", "Canetta, Ciro", "Scartabellati, Alessandro", "Vigano, Giovanni", "Montanelli, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471703", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection of novel Coronavirus has been declared pandemic by the WHO and now is a world public health crisis. Laboratory activity becames essential for the timely diagnosis. Few parameters, such Lymphocytes count, SaO2 and CRP serum level can be used to assess the severity of COVID-19 in emergency room."}, {"pmid": 32160997, "title": "Covid-19: China's president Xi visits Wuhan amid confidence that virus is under control.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160997", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243950, "pmcid": "PMC7271150", "title": "Active surveillance for suspected COVID-19 cases in inpatients with information technology.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Lin, C-Y", "Cheng, C-H", "Lu, P-L", "Shih, D-C", "Hung, C-T", "Lo, H-H", "Tsai, M-J", "Hung, J-Y"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525829, "title": "Different outcome of COVID-19 in members of a family.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Sun, Jin", "Jiang, Yan", "Lin, Wei", "Hu, Wei-Hua", "Wang, Yong"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525829", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a family cluster of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in which three members of the family were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 at the same time, but the disease manifested differently among the three family members. We describe the clinical manifestations, disease progression, and treatment of wife and husband. We also analyze the daughter who was in close contact with patients with COVID-19 but was not infected."}, {"pmid": 32427528, "title": "Vexing, Veiled, and Inequitable: Social Distancing and the \"Rights\" Divide in the Age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Fairchild, Amy", "Gostin, Lawrence", "Bayer, Ronald"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427528", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although unprecedented in scope and beyond all our life experiences, sweeping social distancing measures are not without historical precedent. Historically, racism, stigma, and discrimination resulted in grossly inequitable application of disease containment measures. But history also provides examples in which broad measures enjoyed remarkable public support. When it comes to COVID-19, blame and division continue to shape containment responses. But the COVID-19 pandemic also resonates with moments in which there was broad social support for containment precisely because lockdowns or stay at home orders are, on the surface, remarkably equitable. Yet even in a context in which a majority of Americans support social distancing, small but coordinated conservative groups are challenging social distancing as a matter of individual rights. In sharp contrast, vulnerable populations, who bear the heaviest burden of disease, have claimed a right to social distancing as a matter of protection."}, {"pmid": 32503829, "title": "COVID-19 Incidentally Detected on PET/CT During Work-up for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Mo, Allen", "Brodin, N Patrik", "Tome, Wolfgang A", "Garg, Madhur K", "Kabarriti, Rafi"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503829", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the incidental detection of COVID-19 disease on positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in a patient with cancer despite initial negative swab by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical and radiographic data were obtained from the electronic medical record. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained and evaluated for COVID-19 by the Food and Drug Administration-approved reverse transcription-PCR assays. On radiographic examination, PET/CT was consistent with COVID-19-related pneumonia not seen on prior imaging. Initial nasopharyngeal swab 2 days after PET/CT imaging was negative for COVID-19. Subsequent repeat swab 10 days later was positive for COVID-19, while the patient was febrile on screening assessment. The patient remained COVID-19-positive until 1 month after abnormal PET/CT imaging. PET/CT can be sensitive for early COVID-19 detection, even in the setting of a negative confirmatory PCR test. This highlights the importance of continued patient surveillance and use of appropriate personal protective equipment to minimize COVID-19 transmission."}, {"pmid": 32325458, "title": "COVID-19 and Neonatal Resuscitation.", "journal": "Neonatology", "authors": ["Halliday, Henry L", "Speer, Christian P"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325458", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367683, "pmcid": "PMC7267252", "title": "Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on outcome of myocardial infarction in Hong Kong, China.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Tam, Chor-Cheung Frankie", "Cheung, Kent-Shek", "Lam, Simon", "Wong, Anthony", "Yung, Arthur", "Sze, Michael", "Fang, Jonathan", "Tse, Hung-Fat", "Siu, Chung-Wah"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367683", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine whether COVID-19 may adversely affect outcome of myocardial infarction (MI) patients in Hong Kong, China. The COVID-19 pandemic has infected thousands of people and placed enormous stress on healthcare system. Apart from being an infectious disease, it may affect human behavior and healthcare resource allocation which potentially cause treatment delay in MI. This was a single center cross-sectional observational study. From November 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020, we compared outcome of patients admitted for acute ST-elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI) before (group 1) and after (group 2) January 25, 2020 which was the date when Hong Kong hospitals launched emergency response measures to combat COVID-19. There was a reduction in daily emergency room attendance since January 25, 2020 (group 1,327/day vs. group 2,231/day) and 149 patients with diagnosis of MI were included into analysis (group 1 N = 85 vs. group 2\u2009N = 64). For STEMI, patients in group 2 tended to have longer symptom-to-first medical contact time and more presented out of revascularization window (group 1 27.8 vs. group 2 33%). The primary composite outcome of in-hospital death, cardiogenic shock, sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF) and use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) was significantly worse in group 2 (14.1 vs. 29.7%, p = .02). More MI patients during COVID-19 outbreak had complicated in-hospital course and worse outcomes. Besides direct infectious complications, cardiology community has to acknowledge the indirect effect of communicable disease on our patients and system of care."}, {"pmid": 32259194, "pmcid": "PMC7151405", "title": "The Role of Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Miller, David Gibbes", "Pierson, Leah", "Doernberg, Samuel"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467379, "title": "The search for a COVID-19 animal model.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Lakdawala, Seema S", "Menachery, Vineet D"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467379", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390691, "pmcid": "PMC7205623", "title": "Time Series Forecasting of COVID-19 transmission in Canada Using LSTM Networks.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Chimmula, Vinay Kumar Reddy", "Zhang, Lei"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390691", "countries": ["China", "Canada", "United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11 \n                        th\n                     2020, World Health Organization (WHO) declared the 2019 novel corona virus as global pandemic. Corona virus, also known as COVID-19 was first originated in Wuhan, Hubei province in China around December 2019 and spread out all over the world within few weeks. Based on the public datasets provided by John Hopkins university and Canadian health authority, we have developed a forecasting model of COVID-19 outbreak in Canada using state-of-the-art Deep Learning (DL) models. In this novel research, we evaluated the key features to predict the trends and possible stopping time of the current COVID-19 outbreak in Canada and around the world. In this paper we presented the Long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, a deep learning approach to forecast the future COVID-19 cases. Based on the results of our Long short-term memory (LSTM) network, we predicted the possible ending point of this outbreak will be around June 2020. In addition to that, we compared transmission rates of Canada with Italy and USA. Here we also presented the 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 \n                        th\n                     day predictions for 2 successive days. Our forecasts in this paper is based on the available data until March 31, 2020. To the best of our knowledge, this of the few studies to use LSTM networks to forecast the infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32405285, "pmcid": "PMC7218383", "title": "SAFETY IN DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY PROCEDURES IN THE COVID ERA RECOMMENDATIONS IN PROGRES OF THE ITALIAN SOCIETY OF DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Galloro, Giuseppe", "Pisani, Antonio", "Zagari, Rocco Maurizio", "Lamazza, Antonietta", "Cengia, Gianpaolo", "Ciliberto, Enrico", "Conigliaro, Rita L", "Carrara, Paola Da Massa", "Germana, Bastianello", "Pasquale, Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405285", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new corona virus disease has started in Wuhan - China at the end of 2019 and quickly spread with a pandemic trend across the rest of the world. The scientific community is making an extraordinary effort to study and control the situation, but the results are just partial. Based on the most recent scientific literature and strong statements by the most prestigious international health institutions, the Italian Society of Digestive Endoscopy has drawn up some recommendations about the use of personal protective equipment, the correct way of dressing and undressing of endoscopists and nurses, before and after digestive endoscopy procedures. In addition, some other important indications are given to reduce the risk of contamination\u00a0of healthcare providers during endoscopic activities, in the setting of a pandemic. Nevertheless, because of the very quick evolution of our knowledge on this issue, these recommendations must be considered as evolving, because they could change in a short time."}, {"pmid": 32373464, "pmcid": "PMC7198420", "title": "Author's reply to \"To the editor - Is it really COVID-19 infection?\"", "journal": "HeartRhythm Case Rep", "authors": ["Chang, David", "Epstein, Laurence M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373464", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513805, "title": "Covid-19: Half of pregnant women in UK hospitals are from ethnic minorities.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kmietowicz, Zosia"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513805", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205140, "pmcid": "PMC7195117", "title": "The progression of computed tomographic (CT) images in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia: Running title: The CT progression of COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Lei, Pinggui", "Fan, Bing", "Mao, Jujiang", "Wei, Jiangping", "Wang, Pingxian"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205140", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32030926, "pmcid": "PMC7008072", "title": "The Outbreak Cases with the Novel Coronavirus Suggest Upgraded Quarantine and Isolation in Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Yoo, Jin Hong", "Hong, Sung Tae"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32030926", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321159, "pmcid": "PMC7188181", "title": "Preparedness and Rapid Implementation of External Quality Assessment Helped Quickly Increase COVID-19 Testing Capacity in the Republic of Korea.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Sung, Heungsup", "Yoo, Cheon-Kwon", "Han, Myung-Guk", "Lee, Sang-Won", "Lee, Hyukmin", "Chun, Sail", "Lee, Wee Gyo", "Min, Won-Ki"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321159", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339082, "pmcid": "PMC7233402", "title": "CO-RADS - A categorical CT assessment scheme for patients with suspected COVID-19: definition and evaluation.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Prokop, Mathias", "van Everdingen, Wouter", "van Rees Vellinga, Tjalco", "Quarles van Ufford, Jet", "Stoger, Lauran", "Beenen, Ludo", "Geurts, Bram", "Gietema, Hester", "Krdzalic, Jasenko", "Schaefer-Prokop, Cornelia", "van Ginneken, Bram", "Brink, Monique"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339082", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose To introduce the COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) for standardized assessment of pulmonary involvement of COVID-19 on non-enhanced chest CT and report its initial interobserver agreement and performance. Methods The Dutch Radiological Society (NVvR) developed CO-RADS based on other efforts for standardization, such as Lung-RADS or BI-RADS. CO-RADS assesses the suspicion for pulmonary involvement of COVID-19 on a scale from 1 (very low) to 5 (very high). The system is meant to be used in patients presenting with moderate to severe symptoms of COVID-19. The system was evaluated using 105 chest CTs of patients admitted to the hospital with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 in whom RT-PCR was performed (62 +/- 16 years, 61 men, 53 with positive RT-PCR). Eight observers assessed the scans using CO-RADS. Fleiss' kappa was calculated, and scores of individual observers were compared to the median of the remaining seven observers. The resulting area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was compared to results from RT-PCR and clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. Results There was absolute agreement among observers in 573 (68.2%) of 840 observations. Fleiss' kappa was 0.47 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45-0.47), with the highest kappa for CO-RADS categories 1 (0.58, 95% CI 0.54-0.62) and 5 (0.68, 95% CI 0.65-0.72). The average AUC was 0.91 (95% CI 0.85-0.97) for predicting RT-PCR outcome and 0.95 (95% CI 0.91-0.99) for clinical diagnosis. The false negative rate for CO-RADS 1 was 9/161 (5.6%, 95% CI 1.0-10%), and the false positive rate for CO-RADS 5 was 1/286 (0.3%, 95% CI 0-1.0%). Conclusions CO-RADS is a categorical assessment scheme for pulmonary involvement of COVID-19 on non-enhanced chest CT providing very good performance for predicting COVID-19 in patients with moderate to severe symptoms and has a substantial interobserver agreement, especially for categories 1 and 5."}, {"pmid": 32460378, "title": "Brazilian oral medicine and oral pathology: we are here during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Martelli Junior, Hercilio", "Machado, Renato Assis", "Bonan, Paulo Rogerio Ferreti", "da Cruz Perez, Danyel Elias", "Pires, Fabio Ramoa", "Alves, Fabio Abreu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460378", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11th , 2020 (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen). As of May 19th , 2020, approximately 4,731,458 cases of contamination and 316,169 deaths from Covid-19 were recorded (https://who.sprinklr.com)."}, {"pmid": 32377567, "pmcid": "PMC7193607", "title": "IUFoST/CIFST hold an Extraordinary Scientific Roundtable on COVID-19 and Food Safety.", "journal": "NPJ Sci Food", "authors": ["Moy, Gerald G"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377567", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493600, "pmcid": "PMC7245253", "title": "Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19 in the United States.", "journal": "J Sex Med", "authors": ["Shindel, Alan W", "Rowen, Tami S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493600", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386950, "pmcid": "PMC7252195", "title": "Virtual Read-Out: Radiology Education for the 21st Century During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Charles H", "Rajamohan, Anandh G", "Acharya, Patricia T", "Liu, Chia-Shang J", "Patel, Vishal", "Go, John L", "Kim, Paul E", "Acharya, Jay"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Technologic advances have resulted in the expansion of web-based conferencing and education. While historically video-conferencing has been used for didactic educational sessions, we present its novel use in virtual radiology read-outs in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowledge of key aspects of set-up, implementation, and possible pitfalls of video-conferencing technology in the application of virtual read-outs can help to improve the educational experience of radiology trainees and promote potential future distance learning and collaboration."}, {"pmid": 32336467, "pmcid": "PMC7138380", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the activity and professionals of a General Surgery and Digestive Surgery Service in a tertiary hospital.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Alvarez Gallego, Mario", "Gortazar de Las Casas, Sara", "Pascual Miguelanez, Isabel", "Rubio-Perez, Ines", "Barragan Serrano, Cristina", "Alvarez Pena, Estibaliz", "Diaz Dominguez, Joaquin"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336467", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection has led to a radical reorganization of healthcare resources. Surgical Departments need to adapt to this change. We performed a prospective descriptive observational study of the incidence of COVID-19 in patients and surgeons of a General Surgical Department in a high prevalence area, between the 1st and 31st of March 2020. Patients: The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in elective surgery patients was 7% (mean age 59.5 years). All survived. Of 36 patients who underwent emergency surgery, two of them were SARS-CoV-2 positive and one was clinically highly suspicious of COVID-19 (11.1%). All three patients died of respiratory failure (mean age 81 years). Surgeons: There were a total of 12 confirmed SARS-CoV-2+ cases among the surgical department staff (24.4%) (8 out of 34 consultants and 4 out of 15 residents). Healthcare activity: The average number of daily emergency surgical interventions declined from 3.6 in February to 1.16 in March. 42% of the patients who underwent emergency surgery had peritonitis upon presentation. The fast pace of COVID-19 pandemia should alert surgical departments of the need of adopting early measures to ensure the safety of patients and staff."}, {"pmid": 32130038, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Role of Chest CT in Diagnosis and Management.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Li, Yan", "Xia, Liming"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32130038", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to determine the misdiagnosis rate of radiologists for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and evaluate the performance of chest CT in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19. The CT features of COVID-19 are reported and compared with the CT features of other viruses to familiarize radiologists with possible CT patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study included the first 51 patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection confirmed by nucleic acid testing (23 women and 28 men; age range, 26-83 years) and two patients with adenovirus (one woman and one man; ages, 58 and 66 years). We reviewed the clinical information, CT images, and corresponding image reports of these 53 patients. The CT images included images from 99 chest CT examinations, including initial and follow-up CT studies. We compared the image reports of the initial CT study with the laboratory test results and identified CT patterns suggestive of viral infection. RESULTS. COVID-19 was misdiagnosed as a common infection at the initial CT study in two inpatients with underlying disease and COVID-19. Viral pneumonia was correctly diagnosed at the initial CT study in the remaining 49 patients with COVID-19 and two patients with adenovirus. These patients were isolated and obtained treatment. Ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and consolidation with or without vascular enlargement, interlobular septal thickening, and air bronchogram sign are common CT features of COVID-19. The The \"reversed halo\" sign and pulmonary nodules with a halo sign are uncommon CT features. The CT findings of COVID-19 overlap with the CT findings of adenovirus infection. There are differences as well as similarities in the CT features of COVID-19 compared with those of the severe acute respiratory syndrome. CONCLUSION. We found that chest CT had a low rate of missed diagnosis of COVID-19 (3.9%, 2/51) and may be useful as a standard method for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 to optimize the management of patients. However, CT is still limited for identifying specific viruses and distinguishing between viruses."}, {"pmid": 32047258, "pmcid": "PMC7075278", "title": "Fusion mechanism of 2019-nCoV and fusion inhibitors targeting HR1 domain in spike protein.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Xia, Shuai", "Zhu, Yun", "Liu, Meiqin", "Lan, Qiaoshuai", "Xu, Wei", "Wu, Yanling", "Ying, Tianlei", "Liu, Shuwen", "Shi, Zhengli", "Jiang, Shibo", "Lu, Lu"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32047258", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445329, "title": "Caring of cancer patients during COVID-19: A real-life challenge.", "journal": "Indian J Cancer", "authors": ["Adhikari, Shreya Das", "Gupta, Nitin", "Sharma, Atul", "Deo, S V S", "Bhatnagar, Sushma"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508261, "title": "Hypoalbuminemia, Coagulopathy and Vascular Disease in Covid-19.", "journal": "Circ Res", "authors": ["Violi, Francesco", "Ceccarelli, Giancarlo", "Cangemi, Roberto", "Alessandri, Francesco", "d'Ettorre, Gabriella", "Oliva, Alessandra", "Pastori, Daniele", "Loffredo, Lorenzo", "Pignatelli, Pasquale", "Ruberto, Franco", "Venditti, Mario", "Pugliese, Francesco", "Mastroianni, Claudio Maria"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508261", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320677, "pmcid": "PMC7172841", "title": "Complex Immune Dysregulation in COVID-19 Patients with Severe Respiratory Failure.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J", "Netea, Mihai G", "Rovina, Nikoletta", "Akinosoglou, Karolina", "Antoniadou, Anastasia", "Antonakos, Nikolaos", "Damoraki, Georgia", "Gkavogianni, Theologia", "Adami, Maria-Evangelia", "Katsaounou, Paraskevi", "Ntaganou, Maria", "Kyriakopoulou, Magdalini", "Dimopoulos, George", "Koutsodimitropoulos, Ioannis", "Velissaris, Dimitrios", "Koufargyris, Panagiotis", "Karageorgos, Athanassios", "Katrini, Konstantina", "Lekakis, Vasileios", "Lupse, Mihaela", "Kotsaki, Antigone", "Renieris, George", "Theodoulou, Danai", "Panou, Vassiliki", "Koukaki, Evangelia", "Koulouris, Nikolaos", "Gogos, Charalambos", "Koutsoukou, Antonia"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320677", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Proper management of COVID-19 mandates better understanding of disease pathogenesis. The sudden clinical deterioration 7-8\u00a0days after initial symptom onset suggests that severe respiratory failure (SRF) in COVID-19 is driven by a unique pattern of immune dysfunction. We studied immune responses of 54 COVID-19 patients, 28 of whom had SRF. All patients with SRF displayed either macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) or very low human leukocyte antigen D related (HLA-DR) expression accompanied by profound depletion of CD4 lymphocytes, CD19 lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by circulating monocytes was sustained, a pattern distinct from bacterial sepsis or influenza. SARS-CoV-2 patient plasma inhibited HLA-DR expression, and this was partially restored by the IL-6 blocker Tocilizumab; off-label Tocilizumab treatment of patients was accompanied by increase in circulating lymphocytes. Thus, the unique pattern of immune dysregulation in severe COVID-19 is characterized by IL-6-mediated low HLA-DR expression and lymphopenia, associated with sustained cytokine production and hyper-inflammation."}, {"pmid": 32152082, "pmcid": "PMC7179632", "title": "Compounds with Therapeutic Potential against Novel Respiratory 2019 Coronavirus.", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["Martinez, Miguel Angel"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152082", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the expansion of the novel human respiratory coronavirus (known as SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], COVID-2019 [coronavirus disease 2019], or 2019-nCoV [2019 novel coronavirus]) has stressed the need for therapeutic alternatives to alleviate and stop this new epidemic. The previous epidemics of infections by high-morbidity human coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV in 2003 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, prompted the characterization of compounds that could be potentially active against the currently emerging novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The most promising compound is remdesivir (GS-5734), a nucleotide analog prodrug currently in clinical trials for treating Ebola virus infections. Remdesivir inhibited the replication of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in tissue cultures, and it displayed efficacy in nonhuman animal models. In addition, a combination of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon beta (LPV/RTV-IFN-\u03b2) was shown to be effective in patients infected with SARS-CoV. LPV/RTV-IFN-\u03b2 also improved clinical parameters in marmosets and mice infected with MERS-CoV. Remarkably, the therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir appeared to be superior to that of LPV/RTV-IFN-\u03b2 against MERS-CoV in a transgenic humanized mouse model. The relatively high mortality rates associated with these three novel human coronavirus infections, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, have suggested that proinflammatory responses might play a role in the pathogenesis. It remains unknown whether the generated inflammatory state should be targeted. Therapeutics that target the coronavirus alone might not be able to reverse highly pathogenic infections. This minireview aims to provide a summary of therapeutic compounds that have shown potential in fighting SARS-CoV-2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32370129, "title": "Blockchain-Based Healthcare Workflow for Tele-Medical Laboratory in Federated Hospital IoT Clouds.", "journal": "Sensors (Basel)", "authors": ["Celesti, Antonio", "Ruggeri, Armando", "Fazio, Maria", "Galletta, Antonino", "Villari, Massimo", "Romano, Agata"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370129", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a pandemic situation such as that we are living at the time of writing of this paper due to the Covid-19 virus, the need of tele-healthcare service becomes dramatically fundamental to reduce the movement of patients, thence reducing the risk of infection. Leveraging the recent Cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, this paper aims at proposing a tele-medical laboratory service where clinical exams are performed on patients directly in a hospital by technicians through IoT medical devices and results are automatically sent via the hospital Cloud to doctors of federated hospitals for validation and/or consultation. In particular, we discuss a distributed scenario where nurses, technicians and medical doctors belonging to different hospitals cooperate through their federated hospital Clouds to form a virtual health team able to carry out a healthcare workflow in secure fashion leveraging the intrinsic security features of the Blockchain technology. In particular, both public and hybrid Blockchain scenarios are discussed and assessed using the Ethereum platform."}, {"pmid": 32399942, "pmcid": "PMC7216853", "title": "Ethical considerations for allocation of scarce resources and alterations in surgical care during a pandemic.", "journal": "Surg Endosc", "authors": ["Rawlings, Arthur", "Brandt, Lea", "Ferreres, Alberto", "Asbun, Horacio", "Shadduck, Phillip"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399942", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is unprecedented in modern history. Its effects on social behavior and health care delivery have been dramatic. The resultant burden of disease and critical illness has outpaced the diagnostic, therapeutic, and health care professional resources of many clinics and hospitals. It continues to do so globally. The allocation of hospital beds and ventilators, personal protective equipment, investigational therapeutics, and other scarce resources has required difficult decisions. Clinical and surgical practices which are standard in normal times may not be standard or safe during the COVID-19 crisis. How can we best adapt as physicians and surgeons? What foundational ethical principles and systems of principle application can help guide our decision-making? Fortunately, a large body of work in medical ethics addresses these questions. Unfortunately, many surgeons and other health care professionals are probably not as familiar with these concepts. This brief communication is intended to provide a concise explanation of ethical considerations which readers may find helpful when addressing allocation of scarce resources and alterations in surgical care brought on by the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32340051, "title": "[The SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and an Attempted Suicide of a Patient with Delusional Disorder].", "journal": "Psychiatr Prax", "authors": ["Weise, Judith", "Schomerus, Georg", "Speerforck, Sven"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340051", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic triggered increasing symptoms of an undiagnosed delusional disorder at a mid-60-year-old woman resulting in an attempted suicide. Because of a pandemic with noticeable and visible social changes, it seems likely that people with previously subclinical psychotic illnesses are more often admitted to psychiatric care for the first time. Building a therapeutic relationship and integrating her into an outpatient clinic was possible despite her lack of insight into the illness and her rejection of medical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32046814, "pmcid": "PMC7029449", "title": "Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Cowling, Benjamin J", "Leung, Gabriel M"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32046814", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272113, "pmcid": "PMC7194599", "title": "Management of Patients with Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of an International Meeting.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Rubin, David T", "Abreu, Maria T", "Rai, Victoria", "Siegel, Corey A"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272113", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383095, "pmcid": "PMC7205368", "title": "Comment to the article \"Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study\".", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Passali, Giulio Cesare", "Bentivoglio, Anna Rita"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383095", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249660, "title": "The Effects of COVID-19 on Academic Activities and Surgical Education in Italy.", "journal": "J Invest Surg", "authors": ["Gallo, Gaetano", "Trompetto, Mario"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249660", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353743, "pmcid": "PMC7179490", "title": "Purposing Saikosaponins for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Bahbah, Eshak I", "Negida, Ahmed", "Nabet, Mohamed Salah"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353743", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345443, "pmcid": "PMC7151448", "title": "COVID-19: Key Concepts for the Surgeon.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Rubio-Perez, Ines", "Badia, Josep M", "Mora-Rillo, Marta", "Martin Quiros, Alejandro", "Garcia Rodriguez, Julio", "Balibrea, Jose M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345443", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In view of the current pandemic by SARS-CoV-2 it deems essential to understand the key concepts about the infection: its epidemiological origin, presentation, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment (still experimental in many cases). The knowledge about the virus is still limited, but as the pandemic progresses and the physiopathology of the disease is understood, new evidence is being massively published. Surgical specialists are facing an unprecedented situation: they must collaborate in the ER or medical wards attending these patients, while still needing to make decisions about surgical patients with probable COVID-19. The present narrative review aims to summarize the most relevant aspects and synthetize concepts on COVID-19 for surgeons."}, {"pmid": 32418377, "title": "[Clinical analysis of kidney injury in patients with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, Y", "Qi, F Y", "Wei, L", "Cheng, Q L"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418377", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the relationship between novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) and kidney injury. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on COVID-19 confirmed patients in the Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese PLA on March 12, 2020. A total of 87 hospitalized COVID-19 confirmed patients were enrolled in the study, and they were hospitalized at least one week. The recorded information included clinical data and indicators of kidney-related laboratory tests. Results: The average age of patients was (65.2\u00b117.1) years, and 34.5% (30/87) patients were \u2265 75 years old and 31.0% (27/87) patients were 60~74 years old. Male and female patients accounted for 59.8% (52/87) and 40.2% (35/87), respectively. There were 29.9% (26/87) and 12.6% (11/87) patients who had already showed mild elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) at admission. Moreover, 25.3% (22/87) and 4.6% (4/87) patients still exhibited mild elevation of BUN and SCr one week after admission. However, 28.7% (25/87) patients showed an elevation of BUN one week later after admission, though their BUN levels were normal at admission. Likewise, 16.1% (14/87) patients showed an elevation of SCr one week later after admission, while their SCr levels were normal at admission. Only two patients had an increase of SCr \u226526.5 \u03bcmol/L, and both of them were over 75 years old. Conclusions: COVID-19 patients with severe acute kidney injury are uncommon. However, attention should be paid to acute kidney injury of the elderly patients in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32473107, "pmcid": "PMC7241370", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Precautions: What the MRI Suite Should Know.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Kooraki, Soheil", "Hosseiny, Melina", "Raman, Steven S", "Myers, Lee", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473107", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32184232, "title": "To control the covid-19 outbreak, young, healthy patients should avoid the emergency department.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Karan, Abraar"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184232", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450133, "pmcid": "PMC7236662", "title": "Together-Apart During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Inclusion in the Time of Social Distancing.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Planz, Virginia B", "Spalluto, Lucy B", "Savoie, Brent", "Bradshaw, Marques", "Motuzas, Cari", "Block, John J", "Omary, Reed A"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450133", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273156, "pmcid": "PMC7270628", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care.", "journal": "J Endod", "authors": ["Ather, Amber", "Patel, Biraj", "Ruparel, Nikita B", "Diogenes, Anibal", "Hargreaves, Kenneth M"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273156", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated coronavirus disease has gripped the entire international community and caused widespread public health concerns. Despite global efforts to contain the disease spread, the outbreak is still on a rise because of the community spread pattern of this infection. This is a zoonotic infection, similar to other coronavirus infections, that is believed to have originated in bats and pangolins and later transmitted to humans. Once in the human body, this coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of affected patients, and its spread is predominantly thought to be respiratory droplet/contact in nature. Dental professionals, including endodontists, may encounter patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and will have to act diligently not only to provide care but at the same time prevent nosocomial spread of infection. Thus, the aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of the epidemiology, symptoms, and routes of transmission of this novel infection. In addition, specific recommendations for dental practice are suggested for patient screening, infection control strategies, and patient management protocol."}, {"pmid": 32522767, "title": "COVID-19-associated acute necrotizing myelitis.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Sotoca, Javier", "Rodriguez-Alvarez, Yensa"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522767", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378805, "pmcid": "PMC7267590", "title": "COVID-19 and toxicity from potential treatments: Panacea or poison.", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["Wong, Anselm"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378805", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been increasingly spreading from its origin in Wuhan, China to many countries around the world eventuating in morbidity and mortality affecting millions of people. This pandemic has proven to be a challenge given that there is no immediate cure, no vaccine is currently available and medications or treatments being used are still undergoing clinical trials. There have already been examples of self-medication and overdose. Clearly, there is a need to further define the efficacy of treatments used in the management of COVID-19. This evidence needs to be backed by large randomised-controlled clinical trials. In the meantime, there will no doubt be further off-label use of these medications by patients and practitioners and possibly related toxicity."}, {"pmid": 32426991, "pmcid": "PMC7236792", "title": "Cardiovascular disease as a biomarker for an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and related poor prognosis.", "journal": "Biomark Med", "authors": ["Ielapi, Nicola", "Licastro, Noemi", "Provenzano, Michele", "Andreucci, Michele", "Franciscis, Stefano de", "Serra, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426991", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323250, "pmcid": "PMC7175814", "title": "Coping with the COVID-19 crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa: let us not leave older people behind!", "journal": "Eur Geriatr Med", "authors": ["Drame, Moustapha", "Godaert, Lidvine", "Callixte, Kuate Tegueu", "Ecarnot, Fiona", "Simo-Tabue, Nadine", "Tabue Teguo, Maturin"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246906, "pmcid": "PMC7195346", "title": "Modelling COVID-19 transmission: from data to intervention.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jia, Zhongwei", "Lu, Zuhong"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246906", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235939, "title": "Share mobile and social-media data to curb COVID-19.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["McKendry, Rachel A", "Rees, Geraint", "Cox, Ingemar J", "Johnson, Anne", "Edelstein, Michael", "Eland, Andrew", "Stevens, Molly M", "Heymann, David"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235939", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32032529, "pmcid": "PMC7137985", "title": "Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Richardson, Peter", "Griffin, Ivan", "Tucker, Catherine", "Smith, Dan", "Oechsle, Olly", "Phelan, Anne", "Stebbing, Justin"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32032529", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408842, "title": "Global oncology pharmacy response to COVID-19 pandemic: Medication access and safety.", "journal": "J Oncol Pharm Pract", "authors": ["Alexander, Marliese", "Jupp, Jennifer", "Chazan, Grace", "O'Connor, Shaun", "Chan, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408842", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Response, action, and adaptation of the way health services are delivered will impact our ability to provide optimized and continuity of care while acting within resource constraints imposed by COVID-19. Care for patients with cancer is particularly important given increased infection rates and worse outcomes from COVID-19 in this patient population, as well as potential adverse outcomes if treatment pathways need to be compromised. In this commentary, we provide a global oncology pharmacy perspective (including both developed and developing nations) on how COVID-19 has impacted access to and delivery of cancer therapies. This perspective was prepared by the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners, with input from national and regional oncology pharmacy practice groups (42 practice leaders from 28 countries and regions) who contributed to a snapshot survey between 10 and 22 April 2020. Specifically, we highlight challenges related to safe handling of hazardous drugs and maintaining high-quality medication safety standards that have impacted various stakeholders."}, {"pmid": 32392172, "pmcid": "PMC7236609", "title": "Analysis of Public Perception of the Israeli Government's Early Emergency Instructions Regarding COVID-19: Online Survey Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Gesser-Edelsburg, Anat", "Cohen, Ricky", "Hijazi, Rana", "Abed Elhadi Shahbari, Nour"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392172", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to be a pandemic. This posed challenges to many countries, prominent among which is communication with the public to gain their cooperation. Israel faces different challenges from other countries in its management of the COVID-19 crisis because it is in the midst of a deep constitutional crisis. The objective of this paper was to examine the response of the Israeli public to the government's emergency instructions regarding the pandemic in terms of correlations between overall risk perception and crisis management; overall risk perception and economic threat perception; crisis management and compliance with behavioral guidelines; and crisis management and economic threat perception. We also made comparisons between crisis management and spokesperson credibility and between crisis management and the credibility of information sources. The sample was established using an online survey that enabled rapid and effective distribution of an online questionnaire during the COVID-19 crisis. The self-selection online survey method of nonprobability sampling was used to recruit participants (N=1056) through social network posts asking the general public (aged \u226518 years) to answer the survey. Participants aged \u226565 years perceived higher personal risk compared to those aged 18-30 years (mean difference 0.33, 95% CI 0.04-0.61) and those aged 46-64 years (mean difference 0.38, 95% CI 0.12-0.64). Significant correlations were found between overall risk perception and attitudes toward crisis management (r=0.19, P<.001), overall risk perception and economic threat perception (r=0.22, P<.001), attitudes toward crisis management and compliance with behavioral guidelines (r=0.15, P<.001), and attitudes toward crisis management and economic threat perception (r=-0.15, P<.001). Participants who perceived that the prime minister was the most credible spokesperson evaluated the crisis management significantly higher than all other groups. The crisis management was evaluated significantly lower by participants who stated that infectious disease specialists were the most credible spokespersons. Participants for whom the Ministry of Health website was the most credible source of information evaluated the crisis management higher than all other groups. Participants for whom scientific articles were the most credible source of information evaluated the crisis management lower than those who perceived that the WHO/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention websites or Ministry of Health/hospital websites and health care workers were the most credible. The higher the public trust and evaluation of crisis management, the greater the compliance of the public with guidelines. It was also found that crisis management and information cannot be approached in the same way for the overall public. Furthermore, unlike other epidemics, the COVID-19 crisis has widespread economic and social consequences; therefore, it is impossible to focus only on health risks without communicating economic and social risks as well."}, {"pmid": 32187489, "title": "Audio Interview: New Research on Possible Treatments for Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187489", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410386, "pmcid": "PMC7272886", "title": "Smell and taste alterations in Covid-19: a cross-sectional analysis of different cohorts.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Paderno, Alberto", "Schreiber, Alberto", "Grammatica, Alberto", "Raffetti, Elena", "Tomasoni, Michele", "Gualtieri, Tommaso", "Taboni, Stefano", "Zorzi, Silvia", "Lombardi, Davide", "Deganello, Alberto", "Redaelli De Zinis, Luca Oscar", "Maroldi, Roberto", "Mattavelli, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410386", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Olfactory (OD) and gustatory (GD) dysfunction have been proven to be a typical symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, their prevalence in different patient populations still needs to be clarified. A cross-sectional study was performed from March 27 to April 1 2020 in Northern Italy. Physicians administered a survey-based questionnaire to SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with the aim of assessing symptoms, focusing on OD and GD. Two groups were studied: patients hospitalized at ASST Spedali Civili University Hospital of Brescia (A); home-quarantined subjects (B). A total of 508 patients were enrolled: 295 in Group A and 213 in Group B. Mean age (\u00b1SD) was 55\u00b115 years; 56% were men. Overall, OD and GD were present in 56% (95% CI 51-60%) and 63% (59-67%) of cases, respectively. In Group A, the prevalence of OD and GD was 44% (38-50%) and 52% (46-58%). In Group B, the prevalence of OD and GD was 72% (65-79%) and 79% (73-84%). In the entire cohort, total loss of olfaction and taste was reported in 64% and 60% of cases, respectively. OD and GD occurred as the first symptom in 10% and 11% of cases; in the remaining cases, they occurred after a mean of 4\u00b13 days following the first symptom. At the time of the questionnaire, complete resolution of OD and GD was reported in 52% and 55% of cases (mean duration: 9\u00b15 in both). OD and GD are more prevalent in home-quarantined subjects, and they are independently associated with younger age and female gender. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32386880, "pmcid": "PMC7181985", "title": "Patient with pneumonia caused by COVID-19: Surgical findings and radiological correlation of lung lesions.", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Deniz-Armengol, Carlos", "Ramos-Izquierdo, Ricard", "Urena-Lluveras, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386880", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367579, "title": "The lysosome: A potential juncture between SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and Niemann-Pick disease type C, with therapeutic implications.", "journal": "FASEB J", "authors": ["Ballout, Rami A", "Sviridov, Dmitri", "Bukrinsky, Michael I", "Remaley, Alan T"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367579", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Drug repurposing is potentially the fastest available option in the race to identify safe and efficacious drugs that can be used to prevent and/or treat COVID-19. By describing the life cycle of the newly emergent coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in light of emerging data on the therapeutic efficacy of various repurposed antimicrobials undergoing testing against the virus, we highlight in this review a possible mechanistic convergence between some of these tested compounds. Specifically, we propose that the lysosomotropic effects of hydroxychloroquine and several other drugs undergoing testing may be responsible for their demonstrated in vitro antiviral activities against COVID-19. Moreover, we propose that Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC), a lysosomal storage disorder, may provide new insights into potential future therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2, by highlighting key established features of the disorder that together result in an \"unfavorable\" host cellular environment that may interfere with viral propagation. Our reasoning evolves from previous biochemical and cell biology findings related to NPC, coupled with the rapidly evolving data on COVID-19. Our overall aim is to suggest that pharmacological interventions targeting lysosomal function in general, and those particularly capable of reversibly inducing transient NPC-like cellular and biochemical phenotypes, constitute plausible mechanisms that could be used to therapeutically target COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32226293, "pmcid": "PMC7098035", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak and psychiatric hospitals in China: managing challenges through mental health service reform.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Xiang, Yu-Tao", "Zhao, Yan-Jie", "Liu, Zi-Han", "Li, Xiao-Hong", "Zhao, Na", "Cheung, Teris", "Ng, Chee H"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226293", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, more than 300 Chinese patients with psychiatric disorders were diagnosed with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Possible reasons quoted in the report were the lack of caution regarding the COVID-19 outbreak in January and insufficient supplies of protective gear. We outlined major challenges for patients with psychiatric disorders and mental health professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak, and also discussed how to manage these challenges through further mental health service reform in China."}, {"pmid": 32268458, "pmcid": "PMC7142000", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Infectivity, and the Incubation Period.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268458", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345850, "pmcid": "PMC7202126", "title": "Collateral damage of the COVID-19 outbreak: expression of concern.", "journal": "Eur J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Feral-Pierssens, Anne-Laure", "Claret, Pierre-Geraud", "Chouihed, Tahar"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345850", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360302, "title": "COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction testing before endoscopy: an economic analysis.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Corral, Juan E", "Hoogenboom, Sanne A", "Kroner, Paul T", "Vazquez-Roque, Maria I", "Picco, Michael F", "Farraye, Francis A", "Wallace, Michael B"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360302", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has limited endoscopy utilization, causing significant health and economic losses. We aim to model the impact of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing into resuming endoscopy practice. We performed a retrospective review of endoscopy utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic for a baseline reference. A computer model compared 3 approaches: strategy 1, endoscopy for urgent indications only; strategy 2, testing for semiurgent indications; and strategy 3, testing all patients. Analysis was made under current COVID-19 prevalence and projected prevalence of 5% and 10%. Primary outcomes were number of procedures performed and/or canceled. Secondary outcomes were direct costs, reimbursement, personal protective equipment used, and personnel infected. Disease prevalence, testing accuracy, and costs were obtained from the literature. During the COVID-19 pandemic, endoscopy volume was 12.7% of expected. Strategies 2 and 3 were safe and effective interventions to resume endoscopy in semiurgent and elective cases. Investing 22 U.S. dollars (USD) and 105 USD in testing per patient allowed the completion of 19.4% and 95.3% of baseline endoscopies, respectively. False-negative results were seen after testing 4700 patients (or 3 months of applying strategy 2 in our practice). Implementing PCR testing over 1 week in the United States would require 13 and 64 million USD, with a return of 165 and 767 million USD to providers, leaving 65 and 325 healthcare workers infected. PCR testing is an effective strategy to restart endoscopic practice in the United States. PCR screening should be implemented during the second phase of the pandemic, once the healthcare system is able to test and isolate all suspected COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32316737, "title": "Resumption of activity in gastroenterology departments. Recommendations by SEPD, AEEH, GETECCU and AEG.", "journal": "Rev Esp Enferm Dig", "authors": ["Crespo, Javier", "Andrade, Raul", "Alberca de Las Parras, Fernando", "Balaguer, Francesc", "Barreiro-de Acosta, Manuel", "Bujanda, Luis", "Gutierrez, Ana", "Jorquera, Francisco", "Iglesias-Garcia, Julio", "Sanchez-Yague, Andres", "Calleja, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316737", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The set of measures proposed by SEPD, AEEH, GETECCU and AEG are aimed to help departments in their resumption of usual activity. We have prepared a number of practical recommendations regarding patient management and the stepwise resumption of healthcare activity. These recommendations are based on the sparse, changing evidence available, and will be updated in the future according to daily needs and the availability of expendable materials to suit them; in each department they will be implemented depending upon the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in each region, and the burden the pandemic has represented for each hospital. The general objectives of these recommendations include: \u2022 To protect our patients against the risks of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and to provide them with high-quality care. \u2022 To protect all healthcare professionals against the risks of infection with SARS-CoV-2. \u2022 To resume normal functioning of our departments in a setting of ongoing risk for infection with SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32333544, "pmcid": "PMC7253090", "title": "Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound Findings in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Yasukawa, Kosuke", "Minami, Taro"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333544", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) typically present with bilateral multilobar ground-glass opacification with a peripheral distribution. The utility of point-of-care ultrasound has been suggested, but detailed descriptions of lung ultrasound findings are not available. We evaluated lung ultrasound findings in 10 patients admitted to the internal medicine ward with COVID-19. All of the patients had characteristic glass rockets with or without the Birolleau variant (white lung). Thick irregular pleural lines and confluent B lines were also present in all of the patients. Five of the 10 patients had small subpleural consolidations. Point-of-care lung ultrasound has multiple advantages, including lack of radiation exposure and repeatability. Also, lung ultrasound has been shown to be more sensitive than a chest radiograph in detecting alveolar-interstitial syndrome. The utilization of lung ultrasound may also reduce exposure of healthcare workers to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 and may mitigate the shortage of personal protective equipment. Further studies are needed to evaluate the utility of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32488726, "pmcid": "PMC7266411", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: a potential trigger for subacute thyroiditis? Insights from a case report.", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Ippolito, S", "Dentali, F", "Tanda, M L"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488726", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377507, "pmcid": "PMC7199681", "title": "A Cautionary Tale of False-Negative Nasopharyngeal COVID-19 Testing.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Bullis, Sean S M", "Crothers, Jessica W", "Wayne, Shawn", "Hale, Andrew J"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377507", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There remains diagnostic uncertainty regarding the sensitivity of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal specimens. We present a case where two nasopharyngeal specimens were negative, followed by a positive sputum sample. Serial testing for COVID-19 is indicated in patients with high pretest probability of disease."}, {"pmid": 32052514, "pmcid": "PMC7169770", "title": "The COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Trop Med Int Health", "authors": ["Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P", "Meyer, Christian G"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32052514", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286607, "pmcid": "PMC7184353", "title": "Might renin-angiotensin system blockers play a role in the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Battistoni, Allegra", "Volpe, Massimo"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286607", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a new coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, has spread globally, affecting >200 000 people worldwide with the so-called COVID-19 disease. The scientific community is actively and constantly working to identify the mechanisms involved in the diffusion of this virus and the pathogenesis of the infection, with its most frequent and severe complication, namely interstitial pneumonia. To date, SARS-CoV-2 is known to enter the host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein. For this reason, the hypothesis that drugs capable of increasing the expression of this protein may have a role in the spread of the virus and in the symptomatology of affected patients has taken hold. The purpose of this Editorial is to briefly show the evidence currently available in this regard and to provide ideas for future research."}, {"pmid": 32502749, "pmcid": "PMC7242971", "title": "US deportation policies in the time of COVID-19: a public health threat to the Americas.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Cenat, Jude Mary"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502749", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526655, "title": "Systematic review of international guidelines for tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "Lechien, Jerome R", "Calvo-Henriquez, Christian", "Fakhry, Nicolas", "Karkos, Petros D", "Peer, Shazia", "Sistiaga-Suarez, Jon A", "Gonzalez-Garcia, Jose A", "Cammaroto, Giovanni", "Mayo-Yanez, Miguel", "Parente-Arias, Pablo", "Saussez, Sven", "Ayad, Tareck"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526655", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At this moment, the world lives under the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak pandemic. As Otolaryngologists - Head & Neck Surgeons, we need to perform and participate in examinations and procedures within the head and neck region and airway that carry a particularly high risk of exposure and infection because of aerosol and droplet contamination. One of those surgical procedures in demand at this moment is tracheostomy due the increasing ICU admissions. This review of international guidelines for tracheostomy in COVID-19 infected patients, aims to summarize in a systematic way the available recommendations: indications, timing, technique and safety measures for tracheostomy, from all over the world."}, {"pmid": 32294077, "pmcid": "PMC7188066", "title": "Mental Health Care Providers Dealing With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): What Is the Definition of a Case, How Is That Changing, and What Kinds of Tests Are Available?", "journal": "J Psychiatr Pract", "authors": ["Preskorn, Sheldon H"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294077", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The goal of this column is to inform mental health care professionals about the evolving way the diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is being made, with emphasis on tests to assist in making the diagnosis and to determine the presence of antibodies to the virus. This column also provides some general information about the disease, its relative risks, and efforts to develop effective treatments. Links to credible websites that are being continuously updated are also provided for readers who want more information and to stay current with ongoing developments."}, {"pmid": 32433251, "title": "Response to COVID-19: Minimizing Risks, Addressing Challenges and Maintaining Operations in a Complex Academic Radiology Department.", "journal": "J Comput Assist Tomogr", "authors": ["Pedrosa, Ivan", "Browning, Travis", "Kwon, Jeannie K", "Morriss, Michael", "Matsler, Lacy", "Pinho, Marco C", "Lamus, Daniel", "Pillai, Anil", "Karow, Sweta Patel", "Garinn, Jon", "Brewington, Cecelia", "Zeikus, Eric", "Rofsky, Neil M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated rapid response plans to minimize risks of infection in the workforce while ensuring maintenance of essential functions of radiology departments. Plan adoption is, however, challenged by the need to coordinate with institutional efforts, a rapidly expanding number of patients, and the diversity of clinical and administrative functions in the department. Here, we describe the implementation of a response plan in an academic radiology department, challenges encountered, and tactics used to address these challenges."}, {"pmid": 32341142, "title": "Evaluation of the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel, the first rapid multiplex PCR commercial assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Visseaux, Benoit", "Le Hingrat, Quentin", "Collin, Gilles", "Bouzid, Donia", "Lebourgeois, Samuel", "Le Pluart, Diane", "Deconinck, Laurene", "Lescure, Francois-Xavier", "Lucet, Jean-Christophe", "Bouadma, Lila", "Timsit, Jean-Francois", "Descamps, Diane", "Yazdanpanah, Yazdan", "Casalino, Enrique", "Houhou-Fidouh, Nadhira"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341142", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the race to contain SARS-CoV-2, efficient detection and triage of infected patients must rely on rapid and reliable testing. In this work we performed the first evaluation of the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel (QIAstat-SARS) for SARS-CoV-2 detection. This assay is the first rapid multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay including SARS-CoV-2 detection, and is fully compatible with a non-PCR trained laboratory or point-of-care (POC) testing.This evaluation was performed using 69 primary clinical samples (66 NPS, 1 BAL and 1 tracheal aspirate and 1 bronchial aspirate) comparing the SARS-CoV-2 detection with the currently WHO recommended RT-PCR (WHO-PCR) workflow. Additionally, a comparative limit of detection (LoD) assessment was performed between QIAstat-SARS and the WHO-PCR using a quantified clinical sample. Compatibility of sample pre-treatment for viral neutralisation or viscous samples with the QIAstat-SARS system were also tested.The QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel demonstrated a comparable sensitivity to the WHO recommended assay with a limit of detection at 1000 copies/mL. The overall percent agreement between QIAstat-Dx SARS and WHO-PCR on 69 clinical samples was 97% with a sensitivity at 100% (40/40) and specificity at 93% (27/29). No cross reaction was encountered for any other respiratory viruses or bacteria included in the panel.The QIAstat-SARS rapid multiplex-PCR panel provides a highly sensitive, robust and accurate assay for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. This assay allows rapid decisions even in non-PCR trained laboratory or point-of-care testing, allowing innovative organisation."}, {"pmid": 32344526, "pmcid": "PMC7215550", "title": "COVID-19 and RAS: Unravelling an Unclear Relationship.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["D'Ardes, Damiano", "Boccatonda, Andrea", "Rossi, Ilaria", "Guagnano, Maria Teresa", "Santilli, Francesca", "Cipollone, Francesco", "Bucci, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344526", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a main role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte and liquid balance. Previous evidence suggests that RAS may represent an important target for the treatment of lung pathologies, especially for acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic fibrotic disease. The scientific community has recently focused its attention on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1R) inhibitors and their possible benefit/harms for patients infected by Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) who experience pneumonia, but there are still some doubts about the effects of these drugs in this setting."}, {"pmid": 32512089, "title": "Corona virus versus existence of human on the earth: A computational and biophysical approach.", "journal": "Int J Biol Macromol", "authors": ["Zehra, Zainy", "Luthra, Manav", "Siddiqui, Sobia Manaal", "Shamsi, Anas", "Gaur, Naseem", "Islam, Asimul"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512089", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 has a positive sense RNA genome of 29.9\u202fkb in size, showing high sequence similarity to the BAT-CoV, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 is composed of 14 open reading frames (ORFs), which encodes for a total of 27 proteins divided into structural and non-structural proteins (NSPs). The fundamental structural protein-encoding genes are a spike protein (S) gene, envelope protein (E) gene, a membrane protein (M) gene, and a nucleocapsid protein (N) gene. They make about 33% of the entire genome and are vital for the viral life cycle. Rest 67% is distributed among different NSPs (such as Mpro, helicase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) encoding genes across the ORFs, which are involved in virus-cell receptor interactions during viral entry. Researchers are trying to formulate vaccines, therapeutic antibodies or protein-targeted antiviral drugs to control the spread. This review proceeds stepwise through the COVID-19 outbreak, structural and genomic organization, entry mechanism, pathogenesis, and finally highlighting the essential proteins involved at each step that might be potential targets for drug discovery. Currently, approved treatment modalities consist of only supportive care and oxygen supplementation. This review is established on the current knowledge that has expanded on structural motifs and topology of proteins and their functions."}, {"pmid": 32522556, "title": "The impact of asthma on mortality in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Lieberman-Cribbin, Wil", "Rapp, Joseph", "Alpert, Naomi", "Tuminello, Stephanie", "Taioli, Emanuela"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522556", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251798, "pmcid": "PMC7194885", "title": "Diagnostic value and dynamic variance of serum antibody in coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jin, Yujiao", "Wang, Miaochan", "Zuo, Zhongbao", "Fan, Chaoming", "Ye, Fei", "Cai, Zhaobin", "Wang, Ying", "Cui, Huaizhong", "Pan, Kenu", "Xu, Aifang"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251798", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the diagnostic value of serological testing and dynamic variance of serum antibody in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study retrospectively included 43 patients with a laboratory-confirmed infection and 33 patients with a suspected infection, in whom the disease was eventually excluded. The IgM/IgG titer of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay analysis. Compared to molecular detection, the sensitivities of serum IgM and IgG antibodies to diagnose COVID-19 were 48.1% and 88.9%, and the specificities were 100% and 90.9%, respectively.In the COVID-19 group, the IgM-positive rate increased slightly at first and then decreased over time; in contrast, the IgG-positive rate increased to 100% and was higher than IgM at all times. The IgM-positive rate and titer were not significantly different before and after conversion to virus-negative. The IgG-positive rate was up to 90% and not significantly different before and after conversion to virus-negative. However, the median IgG titer after conversion to virus-negative was double that before, and the difference was significant. Viral serological testing is an effective means of diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The positive rate and titer variance of IgG are higher than those of IgM in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32270521, "pmcid": "PMC7262105", "title": "Data Analysis of Coronavirus CoVID-19 Epidemic in South Korea Based on Recovered and Death Cases.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Al-Rousan, Nadia", "Al-Najjar, Hazem"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270521", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus epidemic caused announcing emergency case in South Korea. The virus started with one infected case by January 20, 2020, where 9583 announced cases were reported by March 29, 2020. This indicates that the number of confirmed cases is increasing rapidly, which can cause national crises for South Korea. The aim of this study is to fill a gap between previous studies and the current development of CoVID-19 spreading, by extracting a relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. This research statistically analyzed the effect of sex, region, infection reasons, birth year, and released or diseased date on the reported numbers of recovered and deceased cases. The results found that sex, region, and infection reasons affected on both recovered and deceased cases, while birth year only affected on deceased cases. Besides, no deceased cases are reported for released cases, while 11.3% of deceased cases positive confirmed after their deceased. Unknown reason of infection is the main variable that detected in South Korea with more than 33% of total infected cases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32401401, "pmcid": "PMC7272831", "title": "The effect of the \"stay-at-home\" policy on requests for dermatology outpatient clinic visits after the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kutlu, Omer", "Gunes, Ridvan", "Coerdt, Kathleen", "Metin, Ahmet", "Khachemoune, Amor"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401401", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged late in Turkey but it showed a rapid progression later. We aimed to investigate the changes in the number of patients who requested a dermatology outpatient clinic visit due to the increased social and medical burden caused by COVID-19 in Turkey during the first days of the pandemic. We also examined the most common dermatologic diseases diagnosed during the COVID-19 outbreak. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the number of COVID-19 patients in the country and the number of patients requesting a dermatology outpatient clinic visit in the secondary and tertiary care hospitals during self-quarantine. In the first 10\u2009days after the COVID-19 outbreak, acne (28.2%), urticaria (12.8%), scabies (12.8%), irritant contact dermatitis (10.3%), and xerosis cutis (10.2%) were the most common diseases seen in the dermatology clinic at the secondary care hospital, while acne (23.3%), warts (5.4%), seborrheic dermatitis (4.5%), urticaria (3.8%), and psoriasis (3.32%) were the most common diseases seen in the dermatology clinic at the tertiary care hospital. This is our first study on the frequency and nature of outpatient dermatology visits during this novel coronavirus pandemic. Understanding the trends and impacts of dermatologic diseases on patients and health systems during this pandemic will allow for better preparation of dermatologists in the future."}, {"pmid": 32371096, "pmcid": "PMC7196402", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 was already spreading in France in late December 2019.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Deslandes, A", "Berti, V", "Tandjaoui-Lambotte, Y", "Alloui, Chakib", "Carbonnelle, E", "Zahar, J R", "Brichler, S", "Cohen, Yves"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371096", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic is believed to have started in late January 2020 in France. Here we report a case of a patient hospitalised in December 2019 in an intensive care unit in a hospital in the north of Paris for haemoptysis with no aetiological diagnosis. RT-PCR was performed retrospectively on the stored respiratory sample and confirmed the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Based on this result, it appears that the COVID-19 epidemic started much earlier in France."}, {"pmid": 32245264, "pmcid": "PMC7151655", "title": "Emetine, Ipecac, Ipecac Alkaloids and Analogues as Potential Antiviral Agents for Coronaviruses.", "journal": "Pharmaceuticals (Basel)", "authors": ["Bleasel, Martin D", "Peterson, Gregory M"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245264", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 coronavirus is currently spreading around the globe with limited treatment options available. This article presents the rationale for potentially using old drugs (emetine, other ipecac alkaloids or analogues) that have been used to treat amoebiasis in the treatment of COVID-19. Emetine had amongst the lowest reported half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) from over 290 agents screened for the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronaviruses. While EC50 concentrations of emetine are achievable in the blood, studies show that concentrations of emetine can be almost 300 times higher in the lungs. Furthermore, based on the relative EC50s of emetine towards the coronaviruses compared with Entamoeba histolytica, emetine could be much more effective as an anti-coronavirus agent than it is against amoebiasis. This paper also discusses the known side effects of emetine and related compounds, how those side effects can be managed, and the optimal method of administration for the potential treatment of COVID-19. Given the serious and immediate threat that the COVID-19 coronavirus poses, our long history with emetine and the likely ability of emetine to reach therapeutic concentrations within the lungs, ipecac, emetine, and other analogues should be considered as potential treatment options, especially if in vitro studies confirm viral sensitivity."}, {"pmid": 32521328, "title": "On the usefulness of point-of-care antibody tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in community screening settings.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Dohla, M", "Diegmann, C"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521328", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315626, "pmcid": "PMC7169893", "title": "Probable Pangolin Origin of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Curr Biol", "authors": ["Zhang, Tao", "Wu, Qunfu", "Zhang, Zhigang"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315626", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330460, "pmcid": "PMC7172855", "title": "Treading Lightly in a Pandemic: #Zentensivist Reflections on COVID-19.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Siuba, Matthew T", "Dugar, Siddharth", "Shekar, Kiran"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330460", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282032, "pmcid": "PMC7184416", "title": "Neprilysin inhibitor-angiotensin II receptor blocker combination (sacubitril/valsartan): rationale for adoption in SARS-CoV-2 patients.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Acanfora, Domenico", "Ciccone, Marco Matteo", "Scicchitano, Pietro", "Acanfora, Chiara", "Casucci, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282032", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352910, "pmcid": "PMC7199768", "title": "Endovascular Therapy for Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Proposed Algorithm.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Smith, Matthew S", "Bonomo, Jordan", "Knight, William A 4th", "Prestigiacomo, Charles J", "Richards, Christopher T", "Ramser, Evan", "Adeoye, Opeolu", "Bertsch, Stuart", "Shirani, Peyman", "Vagal, Achala", "Fichtenbaum, Carl J", "Housholder, Anne", "Khatri, Pooja", "Kleindorfer, Dawn O", "Broderick, Joseph P", "Grossman, Aaron W"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352910", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365212, "title": "[Covid-19 - deaths and analysis].", "journal": "Lakartidningen", "authors": ["Modig, Karin", "Ahlbom, Anders", "Matthews, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365212", "countries": ["Sweden"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mortality from Covid-19 is monitored in detail and compared between countries with different strategies against the virus. There is, however, often a lack of understanding of what is required in terms of measures and interpretation to enable correct comparisons. The number of deaths from Covid-19 is affected by the testing strategy and many other things that differ between countries. Therefore, today, the most reliable source for monitoring and comparing mortality from Covid-19 is total mortality. In Sweden, there is good correspondence of Covid-19 deaths and total mortality, with a tendency to a higher total mortality indicating some under-reporting of Covid-19 mortality."}, {"pmid": 32353474, "pmcid": "PMC7184998", "title": "Genotyping coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: methods and implications.", "journal": "Genomics", "authors": ["Yin, Changchuan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353474", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging global infectious COVID-19 disease by novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents critical threats to global public health and the economy since it was identified in late December 2019 in China. The virus has gone through various pathways of evolution. To understand the evolution and transmission of SARS-CoV-2, genotyping of virus isolates is of great importance. This study presents an accurate method for effectively genotyping SARS-CoV-2 viruses using complete genomes. The method employs the multiple sequence alignments of the genome isolates with the SARS-CoV-2 reference genome. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes are then measured by Jaccard distances to track the relationship of virus isolates. The genotyping analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the globe reveals that specific multiple mutations are the predominated mutation type during the current epidemic. The proposed method serves an effective tool for monitoring and tracking the epidemic of pathogenic viruses in their global and local genetic variations. The genotyping analysis shows that the genes encoding the S proteins and RNA polymerase, RNA primase, and nucleoprotein, undergo frequent mutations. These mutations are critical for vaccine development in disease control."}, {"pmid": 32422948, "title": "Distribution of COVID-19 Morbidity Rate in Association with Social and Economic Factors in Wuhan, China: Implications for Urban Development.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["You, Heyuan", "Wu, Xi", "Guo, Xuxu"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422948", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social and economic factors relate to the prevention and control of infectious diseases. The purpose of this paper was to assess the distribution of COVID-19 morbidity rate in association with social and economic factors and discuss the implications for urban development that help to control infectious diseases. This study was a cross-sectional study. In this study, social and economic factors were classified into three dimensions: built environment, economic activities, and public service status. The method applied in this study was the spatial regression analysis. In the 13 districts in Wuhan, the spatial regression analysis was applied. The results showed that: 1) increasing population density, construction land area proportion, value-added of tertiary industry per unit of land area, total retail sales of consumer goods per unit of land area, public green space density, aged population density were associated with an increased COVID-19 morbidity rate due to the positive characteristics of estimated coefficients of these variables. 2) increasing average building scale, GDP per unit of land area, and hospital density were associated with a decreased COVID-19 morbidity rate due to the negative characteristics of estimated coefficients of these variables. It was concluded that it is possible to control infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, by adjusting social and economic factors. We should guide urban development to improve human health."}, {"pmid": 32364441, "pmcid": "PMC7215092", "title": "Don't judge too RAShly: the multifaceted role of the renin-angiotensin system and its therapeutic potential in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Walther, Thomas", "Kuebler, Wolfgang M"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364441", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475884, "title": "Early SNS-based monitoring system for the COVID-19 outbreak in Japan: a population-level observational study.", "journal": "J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Yoneoka, Daisuke", "Kawashima, Takayuki", "Tanoue, Yuta", "Nomura, Shuhei", "Ejima, Keisuke", "Shi, Shoi", "Eguchi, Akifumi", "Taniguchi, Toshibumi", "Sakamoto, Haruka", "Kunishima, Hiroyuki", "Gilmour, Stuart", "Nishiura, Hiroshi", "Miyata, Hiroaki"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475884", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BackgroundThe World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) to be a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Large-scale monitoring for capturing the current epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in Japan would improve preparation for and prevention of a massive outbreak.MethodsA chatbot-based healthcare system named COOPERA (COvid-19: Operation for Personalized Empowerment to Render smart prevention And care seeking) was developed using the LINE app to evaluate the current Japanese epidemiological situation. LINE users could participate in the system either though a QR code page in the prefecture's website, or a banner at the top of the LINE app screen. COOPERA asked participants questions regarding personal information, preventive actions, and non-specific symptoms related to COVID-19 and their duration. We calculated daily cross correlation functions between the reported number of infected cases confirmed by PCR and the symptom-positive group captured by COOPERA.ResultsWe analyzed 206,218 participants from three prefectures reported between March 5 and 30, 2020. The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 44.2 (13.2). No symptoms were reported by 96.93% of participants, but there was a significantly positive correlation between the reported number of COVID-19 cases and self-reported fevers, suggesting that massive monitoring of fever might help to estimate the scale of the COVID-19 epidemic in real time.ConclusionsCOOPERA is the first real-time system being used to monitor trends in COVID-19 in Japan, and provides useful insights to assist political decisions to tackle the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32171075, "pmcid": "PMC7154501", "title": "COVID-19: the medium is the message.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Garrett, Laurie"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171075", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355889, "pmcid": "PMC7165009", "title": "What constitutes urgent endoscopy? A social media snapshot of gastroenterologists' views during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Endosc Int Open", "authors": ["Bilal, Mohammad", "Simons, Malorie", "Rahman, Asad Ur", "Smith, Zachary L", "Umar, Shifa", "Cohen, Jonah", "Sawhney, Mandeep S", "Berzin, Tyler M", "Pleskow, Douglas K"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355889", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and study aims\u2002 There is a consensus among gastroenterology organizations that elective endoscopic procedures should be deferred during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the decision to perform urgent procedures and to defer entirely elective procedures is mostly evident, there is a wide \"middle ground\" of time-sensitive but not technically urgent or emergent endoscopic interventions. We aimed to survey gastroenterologists worldwide using Twitter to help elucidate these definitions using commonly encountered clinical scenarios during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods\u2002 A 16-question survey was designed by the authors to include common clinical scenarios that do not have clear guidelines regarding the timing or urgency of endoscopic evaluation. This survey was posted on Twitter. The survey remained open to polling for 48 hours. During this time, multiple gastroenterologists and fellows with prominent social media presence were tagged to disseminate the survey. Results\u2002 The initial tweet had 38,795 impressions with a total of 2855 engagements. There was significant variation in responses from gastroenterologists regarding timing of endoscopy in these semi-urgent scenarios. There were only three of 16 scenarios for which more than 70\u200a% of gastroenterologists agreed on procedure-timing . For example, significant variation was noted in regard to timing of upper endoscopy in patients with melena, with 44.5\u200a% of respondents believing that everyone with melena should undergo endoscopic evaluation at this time. Similarly, about 35\u200a% of respondents thought that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography should only be performed in patients with choledocholithiasis with abdominal pain or jaundice. Conclusion\u2002 Our analysis shows that there is currently lack of consensus among gastroenterologists in regards to timing of semi-urgent or non-life-threatening procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results support the need for the ongoing development of societal guidance for these \"semi-urgent\" scenarios to help gastroenterologists in making difficult triage decisions."}, {"pmid": 32394481, "pmcid": "PMC7273039", "title": "Genesis of an emergency public drug information website by the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Fundam Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Larrouquere, Louis", "Gabin, Manon", "Poingt, Emmanuelle", "Mouffak, Amelle", "Hlavaty, Alex", "Lepelley, Marion", "Khouri, Charles", "Bellier, Alexandre", "Alexandre, Joachim", "Bedouch, Pierrick", "Bertoletti, Laurent", "Bordet, Regis", "Bouhanick, Beatrice", "Jonville-Bera, Annie-Pierre", "Laporte, Silvy", "Le Jeunne, Claire", "Letinier, Louis", "Micallef, Joelle", "Naudet, Florian", "Roustit, Matthieu", "Molimard, Mathieu", "Richard, Vincent", "Cracowski, Jean-Luc"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394481", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 16, 2020, the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics put online a national Question and Answer (Q&A) website, https://sfpt-fr.org/covid19 on the proper use of drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The working group 'Drugs and COVID-19' was composed of a scientific council, an editorial team, and experts in the field. The first questions were posted online during the first evening of home-confinement in France, March 17, 2020. Six weeks later, 140 Q&As have been posted. Questions on the controversial use of hydroxychloroquine and to a lesser extent concerning azithromycin have been the most consulted Q&As. Q&As have been consulted 226\u00a0014 times in 41\u00a0days. This large visibility was obtained through an early communication on Twitter, Facebook, traditional print, and web media. In addition, an early communication through the French Ministry of Health and the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety ANSM had a large impact in terms of daily number of views. There is a pressing need to sustain a public drug information service combining the expertise of scholarly pharmacology societies, pharmacovigilance network, and the Ministry of Health to quickly provide understandable, clear, expert answers to the general population's concerns regarding COVID-19 and drug use and to counter fake news."}, {"pmid": 32213700, "title": "Italy in a Time of Emergency and Scarce Resources: The Need for Embedding Ethical Reflection in Social and Clinical Settings.", "journal": "J Clin Ethics", "authors": ["Nicoli, Federico", "Gasparetto, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213700", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 virus is severely testing the Italian healthcare system, as the requests for intensive treatment are greater than the real capacity of the system to receive patients. Given this emergency situation, it follows that citizens are limited in their freedom of movement in order to limit infection, and that in hospitals a significant number of critical situations must be faced. This brief contribution aims to offer a reflection on the public and clinical role of the bioethicist: a figure able to promote dialogue between the world of medicine and the community, and to face ethical dilemmas even in emergent clinical settings."}, {"pmid": 32437942, "pmcid": "PMC7211580", "title": "International COVID-19 palliative care guidance for nursing homes leaves key themes unaddressed.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Joni, Gilissen", "Lara, Pivodic", "Unroe Kathleen, T", "Lieve, Van den Block"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437942", "countries": ["Netherlands", "Switzerland", "Ireland", "United Kingdom", "New Zealand", "Belgium"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 mortality disproportionally affects nursing homes, creating enormous pressures to deliver high-quality end-of-life care. Comprehensive palliative care should be an explicit part of both national and global COVID-19 response plans. Therefore, we aimed to identify, review, and compare national and international COVID-19 guidance for nursing homes concerning palliative care, issued by government bodies and professional associations. We performed a directed documentary and content analysis of newly developed or adapted COVID-19 guidance documents from across the world. Documents were collected via expert consultation and independently screened against prespecified eligibility criteria. We applied thematic analysis and narrative synthesis techniques. We identified 21 eligible documents covering both nursing homes and palliative care, from the World Health Organization (n\u00a0=\u00a03), and eight individual countries: U.S. (n\u00a0=\u00a07), The Netherlands (n\u00a0=\u00a02), Ireland (n\u00a0=\u00a01), U.K. (n\u00a0=\u00a03), Switzerland (n\u00a0=\u00a03), New Zealand (n\u00a0=\u00a01), and Belgium (n\u00a0=\u00a01). International documents focused primarily on infection prevention and control, including only a few sentences on palliative care-related topics. Palliative care themes most frequently mentioned across documents were end-of-life visits, advance care planning documentation, and clinical decision making toward the end of life (focusing on hospital transfers). There is a dearth of comprehensive international COVID-19 guidance on palliative care for nursing homes. Most have a limited focus both regarding breadth of topics and recommendations made. Key aspects of palliative care, that is, symptom management, staff education and support, referral to specialist services or hospice, and family support, need greater attention in future guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32303821, "pmcid": "PMC7163348", "title": "[A cross sectional study on patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases in terms of their compliance to their immunsuppressive medication during COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Z Rheumatol", "authors": ["Schmeiser, T", "Broll, M", "Dormann, A", "Frabel, C", "Hermann, W", "Hudowenz, O", "Keil, F", "Muller-Ladner, U", "Ozden, F", "Pfeiffer, U", "Saech, J", "Schwarting, A", "Stapfer, G", "Steinchen, N", "Storck-Muller, K", "Strunk, J", "Thiele, A", "Triantafyllias, K", "Wassenberg, S", "Wilden, E", "Hasseli, R"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303821", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic inherits an unprecedented challenge for the treating rheumatologists. On the one hand, antirheumatic drugs can increase the risk of infection and potentially deteriorate the course of an infection. On the other hand, an active inflammatory rheumatic disease can also increase the risk for an infection. In the recommendations of the German Society for Rheumatology (www.dgrh.de), it is recommended that our patients continue the antirheumatic therapy to maintain remission or low state of activity despite the pandemic. In this study, patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease were asked in the first weeks of the pandemic on their opinion of their immunomodulating therapy. The result shows that over 90% of the patients followed the recommendation of the rheumatologist to continue the antirheumatic therapy, and only a\u00a0small percentage of the patients terminated the therapy on their own. This result was independent of the individual anti-rheumatic therapy. Taken together, the results of this study illustrate not only the trustful patient-physician partnership in a\u00a0threatening situation but also the high impact of state-of-the art recommendations by the respective scientific society."}, {"pmid": 32422061, "pmcid": "PMC7249508", "title": "Thromboembolic Findings in COVID-19 Autopsies: Pulmonary Thrombosis or Embolism?", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Deshpande, Charuhas"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422061", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418244, "title": "Rapid Development of an Outpatient-To-Inpatient Crash Curriculum for COVID Providers.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Brunner, Matt", "Vogelman, Bennett", "Smith, Jeremy"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418244", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused critical staff shortages and thus required innovative approaches to bring providers into the hospital workforce (1), including those who may not have performed inpatient general medicine care for many years. Our educational group felt an urgent need to create educational content to re-familiarize these anxious providers with common inpatient scenarios. Our goal was to rapidly author and distribute high-yield educational resources to non-inpatient medical providers who could be pulled to cover inpatient general medicine services."}, {"pmid": 32367527, "pmcid": "PMC7262013", "title": "Reorganization of a large academic hospital to face COVID-19 outbreak: The model of Parma, Emilia-Romagna region, Italy.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Meschi, Tiziana", "Rossi, Sandra", "Volpi, Annalisa", "Ferrari, Carlo", "Sverzellati, Nicola", "Brianti, Ettore", "Fabi, Massimo", "Nouvenne, Antonio", "Ticinesi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367527", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32157230, "title": "Why does the coronavirus spread so easily between people?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157230", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468425, "pmcid": "PMC7255448", "title": "An Updated Systematic Review of the Therapeutic Role of Hydroxychloroquine in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Drug Investig", "authors": ["Das, Saibal", "Bhowmick, Subhrojyoti", "Tiwari, Sayali", "Sen, Sukanta"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468425", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently experiencing the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is no approved drug for the definitive treatment of the disease. Various drugs are being tried for the treatment of COVID-19, including hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). This study was performed to systematically review the therapeutic role of HCQ in COVID-19 from the available literature. PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, ICTRP (WHO), Cochrane Library databases, and two pre-print servers (medRxiv.org and Research Square) were searched for clinical studies that evaluated the therapeutic role of HCQ on COVID-19 until 10 May 2020. The available studies were critically analyzed and the data were extracted. A total of 663 articles were screened and 12 clinical studies (seven peer-reviewed and published studies and five non-peer-reviewed studies from pre-print servers) with a total sample size of 3543 patients were included. Some of the clinical studies demonstrated good virological and clinical outcomes with HCQ alone or in combination with azithromycin in COVID-19 patients, although the studies had major methodological limitations. Some of the other studies showed negative results with HCQ therapy along with the risk of adverse reactions. The results of efficacy and safety of HCQ in COVID-19, as obtained from the clinical studies, are not satisfactory, although many of these studies had major methodological limitations. Stronger evidence from well-designed robust randomized clinical trials is required before conclusively determining the role of HCQ in the treatment of COVID-19. Clinical prudence is required in advocating HCQ as a therapeutic armamentarium in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32342862, "pmcid": "PMC7194725", "title": "Practice recommendations for lung cancer radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: An ESTRO-ASTRO consensus statement.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Troost, Esther G C", "Nestle, Ursula", "Putora, Paul Martin", "Bussink, Johan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342862", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388643, "pmcid": "PMC7210798", "title": "Preventing adverse cutaneous reactions from amplified hygiene practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: how dermatologists can help through anticipatory guidance.", "journal": "Arch Dermatol Res", "authors": ["MacGibeny, Margaret A", "Wassef, Cindy"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has swept the globe with more than 2,000,000 confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 184 countries and territories. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), two crucial actions can reduce the risk of person-to-person viral transmission: frequent hand washing and surface decontamination with specific environmental protection agency (EPA)-registered disinfectants. As hygiene recommendations evolve during the COVID-19 pandemic and community members adopt changing practices, dermatologists are likely to see a rise in adverse cutaneous reactions from prolonged irritant exposures and widespread use of antimicrobials. The purposes of this report are to familiarize dermatologists with the hygiene practices recommended for COVID-19 prevention, to highlight adverse cutaneous reactions associated with repeated exposures to detergents and disinfectants, and to discuss strategies which patients can implement during the COVID-19 pandemic to minimize skin irritation white still performing hygiene practices effectively."}, {"pmid": 32390176, "pmcid": "PMC7261979", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on dermatology services: Dermatology in isolation.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Katerina, Damevska", "Lence, Neloska", "Viktor, Simeonovski", "Andrej, Petrov", "Irena, Dimitrovska", "Natasa, Teovska-Mitrevska", "Anita, Najdova", "Nora, Pollozhani"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390176", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299200, "pmcid": "PMC7195987", "title": "Radiological approaches to COVID-19 pneumonia", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Akcay, Sule", "Ozlu, Tevfik", "Yilmaz, Aydin"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299200", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pneumonia has high mortality rates. The symptoms are undiagnostic, the results of viral nucleic acid detection method (PCR) can delay, so that chest computerized tomography is often key diagnostic test in patients with possible COVID-19 pneumonia. In this review, we discussed the main radiological findings of this infection."}, {"pmid": 32415727, "pmcid": "PMC7267153", "title": "COVID-19 knowledge prevents biologics discontinuation: Data from an Italian multicenter survey during RED-ZONE declaration.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Ricco, Matteo", "Pacifico, Alessia", "Malagoli, Piergiorgio", "Kridin, Khalaf", "Pigatto, Paolo", "Damiani, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415727", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 become pandemics and there is still a dearth of data about its the potentially among dermatological patients under biologics. We aimed to assess health literacy, disease knowledge, treatment dissatisfaction and biologics attitudes toward COVID-19. We performed a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey on 98/105 consecutive dermatological patients treated with biologics-51 suffering from plaque psoriasis, 22 from atopic dermatitis, and 25 from hidradenitis suppurativa. An ad hoc, validated questionnaire has 44 items investigating the following domains: knowledge of COVID-19 related to (a) epidemiology, (b) pathogenesis, (c) clinical symptoms, (d) preventive measures, and (e) attitudes. Patients data and questionnaires were collected. Despite only 8.1% thought that biologics may increase the risk of COVID-19, 18.4% and 21.4% of the patients were evaluating the possibility to discontinue or modify the dosage of the current biologic therapy, respectively. Globally, male patients (P = .001) with higher scholarity level (P = .005) displayed higher knowledge of COVID-19. Patients with lower DLQI (P = .006), longer disease duration (P = .051) and lower scholarity (P = .007) have thought to discontinue/modify autonomously their biologic therapy. At the multivariate logistic regression, only the knowledge of epidemiology and preventive measures resulted independent predictors of continuation vs discontinuation and modification vs no modification, respectively. Dermatologists should promote COVID-19 knowledge to prevent biologics disruption."}, {"pmid": 32331984, "pmcid": "PMC7166019", "title": "Surgical management of bone and soft tissue sarcomas and skeletal metastases during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Cardoso, Pedro", "Rodrigues-Pinto, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331984", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466623, "title": "Discrepancy between Lung Function Measurements at Home and in the Hospital in Children with Asthma and CF.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Gerzon, Frederick L G R", "Jobsis, Quirijn", "Bannier, Michiel A G E", "Winkens, Bjorn", "Dompeling, Edward"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus pandemic stresses the importance of eHealth techniques to monitor patients at home. Home monitoring of lung function in asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF) may help to detect deterioration of lung function at an early stage, but the reliability is unclear. We investigated whether lung function measurements at home were comparable to measurements during clinical visits. We analysed prospectively collected data of two one-year observational cohort studies in 117 children (36 with CF and 81 with asthma). All patients performed forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) measurements with a monitor at home. Paired FEV1 measurements were included if the measurement on the home monitor was performed on the same day as the FEV1 measurement on the pneumotachometer during a two monthly clinical visit. Bland-Altman plots and linear mixed model analysis were used. The mean difference (home measurement was subtracted from clinical measurement) in FEV1 was 0.18 L in CF (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08-0.27 L; p < 0.001) and 0.12 L in asthma (95%CI 0.05-0.19 L; p < 0.001). FEV1 measurements at home were significantly lower than clinically obtained FEV1 measurements, which has implications for the application of this technique in the daily clinical situation."}, {"pmid": 32290816, "pmcid": "PMC7154065", "title": "Methodological challenges of analysing COVID-19 data during the pandemic.", "journal": "BMC Med Res Methodol", "authors": ["Wolkewitz, Martin", "Puljak, Livia"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290816", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277972, "pmcid": "PMC7141646", "title": "Strategic dermatology clinical operations during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Price, Kyla N", "Thiede, Rebecca", "Shi, Vivian Y", "Curiel-Lewandrowski, Clara"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277972", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472675, "title": "Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 with Evidence-Based Supportive Care.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Larson, Derek T", "Sherner, John H", "Gallagher, Kia M", "Judy, Cynthia L", "Paul, Madison B", "Mahoney, Alexandra M", "Weina, Peter J"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472675", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Calls for adherence to evidence-based medicine have emerged during the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic but reports of outcomes are lacking. This retrospective study of a single-institution cohort including 135 patients with confirmed COVID-19 demonstrates positive outcomes when institutional standards of care consist of evidence-based supportive therapies."}, {"pmid": 32276732, "pmcid": "PMC7132500", "title": "Hearing loss and COVID-19: A note.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Sriwijitalai, Won", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276732", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475804, "pmcid": "PMC7247978", "title": "Spontaneous pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19 patient: Case report.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Ucpinar, Burcin Agridag", "Sahin, Cennet", "Yanc, Ugur"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475804", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As known, COVID-19 has become a global pandemic and serious health problem. Disease mainly affects lungs and common findings are fever cough and shortness of breath. Computerized tomography (CT) has an important role in initial evaluation and follow up of COVID-19. Main (CT) finding of the disease is bilateral extensive ground-glass opacification (GGO) with a peripheral or posterior distribution, mainly involving the lower lobes. In this case report, we present a pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema case in a patient with COVID-19. To the best of authors' knowledge, it is the first illustrated case of pneumothorax accompanying COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32349992, "title": "Covid-19: challenges for people with intellectual disability.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Courtenay, Ken"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349992", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524794, "title": "Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum in a Patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia and the Possible Underlying Mechanism.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Lei, Pinggui", "Mao, Jujiang", "Wang, Pingxian"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524794", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317412, "title": "COVID-19 in India: Moving from containment to mitigation.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Varghese, George M", "John, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317412", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391172, "pmcid": "PMC7201117", "title": "Response of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan Head & Neck Cancer Unit to the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Cancers Head Neck", "authors": ["Resteghini, Carlo", "Maggioni, Paola", "Di Martino, Vito", "Licitra, Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391172", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446324, "pmcid": "PMC7241971", "title": "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human breastmilk.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Gross, Rudiger", "Conzelmann, Carina", "Muller, Janis A", "Stenger, Steffen", "Steinhart, Karin", "Kirchhoff, Frank", "Munch, Jan"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446324", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358955, "pmcid": "PMC7197591", "title": "Still much to learn about the diagnostic role of SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Di Giambenedetto, Simona", "Ciccullo, Arturo", "Posteraro, Brunella", "Lombardi, Francesca", "Borghetti, Alberto", "Sanguinetti, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358955", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472808, "title": "Continuing Professional Development in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Contin Educ Health Prof", "authors": ["Kitto, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472808", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406927, "title": "Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a rapid review.", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "authors": ["Valk, Sarah J", "Piechotta, Vanessa", "Chai, Khai Li", "Doree, Carolyn", "Monsef, Ina", "Wood, Erica M", "Lamikanra, Abigail", "Kimber, Catherine", "McQuilten, Zoe", "So-Osman, Cynthia", "Estcourt, Lise J", "Skoetz, Nicole"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406927", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin may reduce mortality in patients with respiratory virus diseases, and are currently being investigated in\u00a0trials as a potential therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A thorough understanding of the current body of evidence regarding the benefits and risks\u00a0is required.\u00a0 OBJECTIVES: To assess whether convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin transfusion is effective and safe in the treatment of people with COVID-19. The protocol was pre-published with the\u00a0Center for Open Science and can be accessed here: osf.io/dwf53\u00a0 We searched the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 Global Research Database, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Research Article Database and trials registries\u00a0to identify ongoing studies and results of completed studies\u00a0on 23 April 2020 for case-series, cohort, prospectively planned, and randomised controlled trials (RCTs). We followed standard Cochrane methodology and performed all steps regarding study selection in duplicate by two independent review authors (in contrast to the recommendations of the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group). We included studies evaluating convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19, irrespective of disease severity, age, gender or ethnicity. We excluded studies including populations with other coronavirus diseases (severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)) and studies evaluating standard immunoglobulins. We followed recommendations of the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group regarding data extraction and assessment. To assess bias in included studies, we used the\u00a0assessment criteria tool for observational studies, provided by Cochrane Childhood Cancer. We rated the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach for the following\u00a0outcomes: all-cause mortality at hospital discharge, improvement of clinical symptoms (7, 15, and 30 days after transfusion), grade 3 and 4 adverse events, and serious adverse events.\u00a0 MAIN RESULTS: We included eight studies (seven case-series, one prospectively planned, single-arm intervention study) with 32 participants, and\u00a0identified a further 48 ongoing studies evaluating convalescent plasma (47 studies)\u00a0or hyperimmune immunoglobulin (one study), of which 22 are randomised. Overall risk of bias of the eight included studies was high, due to:\u00a0study design;\u00a0small number of\u00a0participants; poor reporting within studies; and varied type of participants with different severities\u00a0of disease, comorbidities, and types of previous or concurrent treatments, including\u00a0antivirals, antifungals or antibiotics, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine and respiratory support. We rated all\u00a0outcomes as very low certainty, and we were unable to summarise numerical data in any meaningful way. As we identified case-series studies only, we reported results narratively. Effectiveness of convalescent plasma for people with COVID-19 The following reported outcomes could all be related to the underlying natural history of the disease or other concomitant treatment, rather than convalescent plasma. All-cause mortality at hospital discharge All studies reported mortality.\u00a0All participants were alive at the end of the reporting period, but not all participants had been discharged from hospital by the end of the study (15 participants discharged, 6 still hospitalised, 11 unclear). Follow-up ranged from 3 days to\u00a037 days post-transfusion. We do not know whether convalescent plasma therapy affects mortality (very low-certainty evidence).\u00a0 Improvement of clinical symptoms (assessed by respiratory support) Six\u00a0studies, including 28 participants,\u00a0reported the level of respiratory support required; most participants required\u00a0respiratory support at baseline. All studies reported improvement in clinical symptoms in at least some participants.\u00a0We do not know whether convalescent plasma improves clinical symptoms (very low-certainty evidence). Time to discharge from hospital Six studies reported time to discharge from hospital for at least some participants, which ranged from four to 35 days after convalescent plasma therapy.\u00a0 Admission on the intensive care unit (ICU) Six studies included patients who were critically ill. At final follow-up the majority of these patients were no longer on the ICU or no longer required mechanical ventilation. Length of stay on the ICU Only one study (1 participant) reported\u00a0length of stay on the ICU. The individual\u00a0was discharged from the ICU\u00a011 days after plasma transfusion. Safety of convalescent plasma for people with COVID-19 Grade 3 or 4 adverse events\u00a0 The studies did not report the grade of adverse events after convalescent plasma transfusion. Two studies reported data relating to participants who had experienced\u00a0adverse events, that were presumably grade 3 or 4. One case study reported a participant who had moderate fever (38.9 \u00b0C). Another study (3 participants) reported a case of\u00a0severe anaphylactic shock. Four studies reported the absence of moderate or severe adverse events (19 participants). We are very uncertain whether or not convalescent plasma therapy affects the risk of moderate to severe adverse events\u00a0(very low-certainty evidence). Serious adverse events One study (3\u00a0participants) reported one serious adverse event. As described above, this individual had severe\u00a0anaphylactic shock after receiving convalescent plasma. Six studies reported that no serious adverse events occurred. We are very uncertain whether or not convalescent plasma therapy affects the risk of\u00a0serious adverse events (very low-certainty evidence).\u00a0 AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We identified eight studies (seven case-series and one prospectively planned single-arm intervention study) with a total of 32 participants (range 1 to 10). Most studies assessed the risks of the intervention; reporting two adverse events (potentially grade 3 or 4), one of which\u00a0was a serious adverse event. We are very uncertain whether convalescent plasma is effective for people admitted to hospital with COVID-19 as studies reported results inconsistently, making it difficult to compare results and to draw conclusions. We identified very low-certainty evidence on the effectiveness and safety of convalescent plasma therapy for people with COVID-19; all studies were at high risk of bias and reporting quality was low. No RCTs or controlled non-randomised studies evaluating benefits and harms of convalescent plasma have been completed. There are 47 ongoing studies evaluating convalescent plasma, of which 22\u00a0are RCTs, and one\u00a0trial evaluating hyperimmune immunoglobulin. We will update this review as a living systematic review, based on monthly searches in the above mentioned databases and registries. These updates are likely to\u00a0show different results to those reported here."}, {"pmid": 32469190, "title": "The decline of coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention procedures in patients with acute myocardial infarction in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Legutko, Jacek", "Niewiara, Lukasz", "Bartus, Stanislaw", "Dobrzycki, Slawomir", "Gasior, Mariusz", "Gierlotka, Marek", "Kochman, Janusz", "Lesiak, Maciej", "Matysek, Jerzy", "Ochala, Andrzej", "Pawlowski, Tomasz", "Gil, Robert", "Witkowski, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469190", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216248, "title": "[Prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus infection in hemodialysis units].", "journal": "Salud Publica Mex", "authors": ["Vega-Vega, Olynka", "Arvizu-Hernandez, Mauricio", "Dominguez-Cherit, Jose Guillermo", "Sierra-Madero, Juan", "Correa-Rotter, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216248", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is of hich risk for patients on chronic hemodialysis due to their immunosuppressed state, advanced age, and the coexistence of significant comorbidities, in particular cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and others. Additionally, they constitute a closed conglomerate since they come to treatment regularly, spending hours in the treatment places, exposed to a possible acquisition of the infection. Finally, going to their treatment regularly prevents them from remaining in home isolation and with potential exposure. These recommendations summarize the interventions proposed by three international organizations and add some suggested by national experts, with the aim to early identify the patients and health personnel at risk and reducing the risk of infection."}, {"pmid": 32404514, "pmcid": "PMC7227770", "title": "COVID-19: Learning from Lessons To Guide Treatment and Prevention Interventions.", "journal": "mSphere", "authors": ["Triggle, Chris R", "Bansal, Devendra", "Farag, Elmoubasher Abu Baker Abd", "Ding, Hong", "Sultan, Ali A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404514", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and first emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Since then, the virus has rapidly spread to many countries. While the outbreak in China appears to be in decline, the disease has spread across the world, with a daily increase in the number of confirmed cases and infection-related deaths. Here, we highlight (i) the lessons that have been learnt so far and how they will benefit reducing the impact of COVID-19 disease and (ii) an update on the status of drug treatment and vaccine development to prevent COVID-19 and potential future related pandemics. Although the mortality rate is clearly higher than for influenza, the rate does seem to vary from country to country, possibly reflecting differences in how rapidly local health authorities respond to isolate and effectively care for the affected population. Drugs are urgently needed for both prophylaxis and the treatment of severely ill patients; however, no proven effective therapies for SARS-CoV-2 currently exist. A number of drugs that have been approved for other diseases are being tested for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, but there is an absence of data from appropriately designed clinical trials showing that these drugs, either alone or in combination, will prove effective. There is also a global urgency to develop a vaccine against COVID-19, but development and appropriate testing will take at least a year before such a vaccine will be globally available. This review summarizes the lessons learnt so far from the COVID-19 pandemic, examines the evidence regarding the drugs that are being tested for the treatment of COVID19, and describes the progress made in efforts to develop an effective vaccine."}, {"pmid": 32384227, "pmcid": "PMC7273047", "title": "COVID-19 ventilatory phenotypes and obesity: is there a relationship?", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Costa, Hugo", "Jacob, Miguel", "Pereira, Rafaela", "Calcas, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384227", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Obesity has been recognized as an independent risk factor in other viral infections such as H1N1 (1). Although data are scarce at this stage, there is also an unexplained increased prevalence of obesity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to the intensive care units (ICU) (2)."}, {"pmid": 32139397, "title": "Covid-19: 90% of cases will hit NHS over nine week period, chief medical officer warns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32139397", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505222, "title": "Early evidence of pronounced brain involvement in fatal COVID-19 outcomes.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["von Weyhern, Claus Hann", "Kaufmann, Ines", "Neff, Frauke", "Kremer, Marcus"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505222", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32087820, "pmcid": "PMC7159277", "title": "Preparedness and vulnerability of African countries against importations of COVID-19: a modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Gilbert, Marius", "Pullano, Giulia", "Pinotti, Francesco", "Valdano, Eugenio", "Poletto, Chiara", "Boelle, Pierre-Yves", "D'Ortenzio, Eric", "Yazdanpanah, Yazdan", "Eholie, Serge Paul", "Altmann, Mathias", "Gutierrez, Bernardo", "Kraemer, Moritz U G", "Colizza, Vittoria"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087820", "countries": ["Angola", "Sudan", "South Africa", "Kenya", "Egypt", "Tanzania, United Republic of", "China", "Algeria", "Ethiopia", "Ghana", "Tunisia", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has spread from China to 25 countries. Local cycles of transmission have already occurred in 12 countries after case importation. In Africa, Egypt has so far confirmed one case. The management and control of COVID-19 importations heavily rely on a country's health capacity. Here we evaluate the preparedness and vulnerability of African countries against their risk of importation of COVID-19. We used data on the volume of air travel departing from airports in the infected provinces in China and directed to Africa to estimate the risk of importation per country. We determined the country's capacity to detect and respond to cases with two indicators: preparedness, using the WHO International Health Regulations Monitoring and Evaluation Framework; and vulnerability, using the Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index. Countries were clustered according to the Chinese regions contributing most to their risk. Countries with the highest importation risk (ie, Egypt, Algeria, and South Africa) have moderate to high capacity to respond to outbreaks. Countries at moderate risk (ie, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Sudan, Angola, Tanzania, Ghana, and Kenya) have variable capacity and high vulnerability. We identified three clusters of countries that share the same exposure to the risk originating from the provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, and the city of Beijing, respectively. Many countries in Africa are stepping up their preparedness to detect and cope with COVID-19 importations. Resources, intensified surveillance, and capacity building should be urgently prioritised in countries with moderate risk that might be ill-prepared to detect imported cases and to limit onward transmission. EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020, Agence Nationale de la Recherche."}, {"pmid": 32437758, "pmcid": "PMC7207102", "title": "Unintended Consequences of COVID-19: Remember General Pediatrics.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Cherubini, Valentino", "Gohil, Anisha", "Addala, Ananta", "Zanfardino, Angela", "Iafusco, Dario", "Hannon, Tamara", "Maahs, David M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437758", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333185, "pmcid": "PMC7182505", "title": "Social and behavioral health responses to COVID-19: lessons learned from four decades of an HIV pandemic.", "journal": "J Behav Med", "authors": ["Eaton, Lisa A", "Kalichman, Seth C"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333185", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our public health approaches to addressing COVID-19 are heavily dependent on social and behavioral change strategies to halt transmissions. To date, biomedical forms of curative and preventative treatments for COVID-19 are at best limited. Four decades into the HIV epidemic we have learned a considerable amount of information regarding social and behavioral approaches to addressing disease transmission. Here we outline broad, scoping lessons learned from the HIV literature tailored to the nature of what we currently know about COVID-19. We focus on multiple levels of intervention including intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and social factors, each of which provide a reference point for understanding and elaborating on social/behavioral lessons learned from HIV prevention and treatment research. The investments in HIV prevention and treatment research far outweigh any infectious disease in the history of public health, that is, until now with the emergence of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32321619, "title": "How we mitigate and contain COVID-19 outbreak in hemodialysis center (HD): lessons and experiences.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Su, Ke", "Ma, Yiqiong", "Wang, Yujuan", "Song, Yuan", "Lv, Xifen", "Wei, Zhongping", "Shi, Ming", "Ding, Guohua", "Shen, Bo", "Wang, Huiming"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461231, "title": "COVID-19: in the footsteps of Ernest Shackleton.", "journal": "Thorax", "authors": ["Ing, Alvin J", "Cocks, Christine", "Green, Jeffery Peter"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461231", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe what we believe is the first instance of complete COVID-19 testing of all passengers and crew on an isolated cruise ship during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 217 passengers and crew on board, 128 tested positive for COVID-19 on reverse transcription-PCR (59%). Of the COVID-19-positive patients, 19% (24) were symptomatic; 6.2% (8) required medical evacuation; 3.1% (4) were intubated and ventilated; and the mortality was 0.8% (1). The majority of COVID-19-positive patients were asymptomatic (81%, 104 patients). We conclude that the prevalence of COVID-19 on affected cruise ships is likely to be significantly underestimated, and strategies are needed to assess and monitor all passengers to prevent community transmission after disembarkation."}, {"pmid": 32339038, "title": "ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Care and COVID-19: The Value Proposition of Fibrinolytic Therapy and the Pharmacoinvasive Strategy.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Bainey, Kevin R", "Bates, Eric R", "Armstrong, Paul W"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339038", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362245, "pmcid": "PMC7232884", "title": "An investigation into the identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease using molecular docking study.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Das, Sourav", "Sarmah, Sharat", "Lyndem, Sona", "Singha Roy, Atanu"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362245", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new strain of a novel infectious disease affecting millions of people, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Currently, several clinical trials are underway to identify specific drugs for the treatment of this novel virus. The inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease is necessary for the blockage of the viral replication. Here, in this study, we have utilized a blind molecular docking approach to identify the possible inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, by screening a total of 33 molecules which includes natural products, anti-virals, anti-fungals, anti-nematodes and anti-protozoals. All the studied molecules could bind to the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 protease (PDB: 6Y84), out of which rutin (a natural compound) has the highest inhibitor efficiency among the 33 molecules studied, followed by ritonavir (control drug), emetine (anti-protozoal), hesperidin (a natural compound), lopinavir (control drug) and indinavir (anti-viral drug). All the molecules, studied out here could bind near the crucial catalytic residues, HIS41 and CYS145 of the main protease, and the molecules were surrounded by other active site residues like MET49, GLY143, HIS163, HIS164, GLU166, PRO168, and GLN189. As this study is based on molecular docking, hence being particular about the results obtained, requires extensive wet-lab experimentation and clinical trials under in\u00a0vitro as well as in\u00a0vivo conditions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32458558, "pmcid": "PMC7267086", "title": "When Separation is not the Answer: Breastfeeding Mothers and Infants affected by COVID-19.", "journal": "Matern Child Nutr", "authors": ["Tomori, Cecilia", "Gribble, Karleen", "Palmquist, Aunchalee E L", "Ververs, Mija-Tesse", "Gross, Marielle S"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458558", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organisation (WHO) has provided detailed guidance on the care of infants of women who are a person under investigation (PUI) or confirmed to have COVID-19, which supports immediate postpartum mother-infant contact and breastfeeding with appropriate respiratory precautions. Although many countries have followed WHO guidance, others have implemented infection prevention and control policies (IPC) that impose varying levels of postpartum separation and discourage or prohibit breastfeeding or provision of expressed breastmilk. These policies aim to protect infants from the potential harm of infection from their mothers, yet they may fail to fully account for the impact of separation. Global COVID-19 data are suggestive of potentially lower susceptibility and a typically milder course of disease among children, although the potential for severe disease in infancy remains. Separation causes cumulative harms, including disrupting breastfeeding and limiting its protection against infectious disease, which has disproportionate impacts on vulnerable infants. Separation also presumes the replaceability of breastfeeding - a risk that is magnified in emergencies. Moreover, separation does not ensure lower viral exposure during hospitalizations and post-discharge, and contributes to the burden on overwhelmed health systems. Finally, separation magnifies maternal health consequences of insufficient breastfeeding and compounds trauma in communities who have experienced long-standing inequities and violence, including family separation. Taken together, separating PUI/confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers and their infants may lead to excess preventable illnesses and deaths among infants and women around the world. Health services must consider the short-and-long-term impacts of separating mothers and infants in their policies."}, {"pmid": 32515049, "title": "Letter from France.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Charriot, Jeremy", "Pahus, Laurie", "Chanez, Pascal", "Nagot, Nicolas", "Bourdin, Arnaud"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515049", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391877, "pmcid": "PMC7239100", "title": "Characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Shi, Shaobo", "Qin, Mu", "Cai, Yuli", "Liu, Tao", "Shen, Bo", "Yang, Fan", "Cao, Sheng", "Liu, Xu", "Xiang, Yaozu", "Zhao, Qinyan", "Huang, He", "Yang, Bo", "Huang, Congxin"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391877", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We enrolled 671 eligible hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 from 1 January to 23 February 2020, with a median age of 63 years. Clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected and compared between patients who died and survivors. Risk factors of death and myocardial injury were analysed using multivariable regression models. A total of 62 patients (9.2%) died, who more often had myocardial injury (75.8% vs. 9.7%; P < 0.001) than survivors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of initial cardiac troponin I (cTnI) for predicting in-hospital mortality was 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87-0.96; sensitivity, 0.86; specificity, 0.86; P < 0.001]. The single cut-off point and high level of cTnI predicted risk of in-hospital death, hazard ratio (HR) was 4.56 (95% CI, 1.28-16.28; P = 0.019) and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.07-1.46; P = 0.004), respectively. In multivariable logistic regression, senior age, comorbidities (e.g. hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic renal failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and high level of C-reactive protein were predictors of myocardial injury. The risk of in-hospital death among patients with severe COVID-19 can be predicted by markers of myocardial injury, and was significantly associated with senior age, inflammatory response, and cardiovascular comorbidities."}, {"pmid": 32457526, "title": "Learn from Rwanda's success in tackling COVID-19.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Condo, Jeanine", "Uwizihiwe, Jean Paul", "Nsanzimana, Sabin"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457526", "countries": ["Rwanda"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32248871, "pmcid": "PMC7170811", "title": "The Twitter pandemic: The critical role of Twitter in the dissemination of medical information and misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Rosenberg, Hans", "Syed, Shahbaz", "Rezaie, Salim"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248871", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439209, "pmcid": "PMC7180376", "title": "Characteristics and prognostic factors of disease severity in patients with COVID-19: The Beijing experience.", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Sun, Ying", "Dong, Yanli", "Wang, Lifeng", "Xie, Huan", "Li, Baosen", "Chang, Christopher", "Wang, Fu-Sheng"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become one of the worst infectious disease outbreaks of recent times, with over 2.1 million cases and 120,000 deaths so far. Our study investigated the demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging features of 63 patients with COVID-19 in Beijing. Patients were classified into four groups, mild, moderate, severe and critically ill. The mean age of our patients was 47 years of age (range 3-85) and there was a slight male predominance (58.7%). Thirty percent of our patients had severe or critically ill disease, but only 20% of severe and 33% of critically ill patients had been to Wuhan. Fever was the most common presentation (84.1%), but cough was present in only slightly over half of the patients. We found that lymphocyte and eosinophils count were significantly decreased in patients with severe disease (p\u00a0=\u00a00.001 and p\u00a0=\u00a00.000, respectively). Eosinopenia was a feature of higher levels of severity. Peripheral CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes were significantly decreased in severe and critically ill patients, but there was only a non-statistically significant downward trend in NK cell numbers with severity. Of note is that liver function tests including AST, ALT, GGT and LDH were elevated, and albumin was decreased. The inflammatory markers CRP, ESR and ferritin were elevated in patients with severe disease or worse. IL-6 levels were also higher, indicating that the presence of a hyperimmune inflammatory state portends higher morbidity and mortality. In a binary logistic regression model, C-reactive protein level (OR 1.073, [CI, 1.013-1.136]; p\u00a0=\u00a00.017), CD8 T lymphocyte counts (OR 0.989, [CI, 0.979-1.000]; p\u00a0=\u00a00.043), and D-dimer (OR 5.313, [CI, 0.325-86.816]; p\u00a0=\u00a00.241) were independent predictors of disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32295759, "title": "Covid-19: WHO and South Korea investigate reconfirmed cases.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295759", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285028, "pmcid": "PMC7138361", "title": "Lung Changes on Chest CT During 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur J Breast Health", "authors": ["Cinkooglu, Akin", "Bayraktaroglu, Selen", "Savas, Recep"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285028", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32020116, "title": "China coronavirus: labs worldwide scramble to analyse live samples.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32020116", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267499, "pmcid": "PMC7184394", "title": "The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in coronaviruses/influenza viruses and cardiovascular disease.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Res", "authors": ["Chen, Li", "Hao, Guang"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267499", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has emerged as a key regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular (CV) disease and plays a pivotal role in infections by coronaviruses and influenza viruses. The present review is primarily focused on the findings to indicate the role of ACE2 in the relationship of coronaviruses and influenza viruses to CV disease. It is postulated that the risk of coronavirus or influenza virus infection is high, at least partly due to high ACE2 expression in populations with a high CV risk. Coronavirus and influenza virus vaccine usage in high CV risk populations could be a potential strategy to prevent both CV disease and coronavirus/influenza virus infections."}, {"pmid": 32461418, "title": "Presence of viral RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swab specimens of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Kumar, Kiran", "Prakash, Akshata A", "Gangasagara, Suresh Babu", "Rathod, Sujatha B L", "Ravi, K", "Rangaiah, Ambica", "Shankar, Sathyanarayan Muthur", "Basawarajappa, Shantala Gowdara", "Bhushan, Shashi", "Neeraja, T G", "Khandenahalli, Srinivas", "Swetha, M", "Gupta, Priyam", "Sampritha, U C", "Prasad, Guru N S", "Jayanthi, Chakravarthy Raghunathan"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461418", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To detect the presence of viral RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in conjunctival swab specimens of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients. Forty-five COVID-19 patients positive for real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab with or without ocular manifestations were included in the study. The conjunctival swab of each patient was collected by an ophthalmologist posted for COVID duty. Out of 45 patients, 35 (77.77%) were males and the rest were females. The mean age was 31.26 \u00b1 12.81 years. None of the patients had any ocular manifestations. One (2.23%) out of 45 patients was positive for RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 in the conjunctival swab. This study shows that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in conjunctival swabs of confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients. Though the positivity rate of detecting SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swabs is very less, care should be exercised during the ocular examination of patients of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32495579, "title": "[Usage of ethnomedicine on COVID-19 in China].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Zhi-Yong", "Tuya", "Li, Hai-Tao", "He, Jiang", "Quesheng", "Dong, Guang-Ping", "Zhang, Ming-Shuo", "Liu, Jian-Qin", "Huang, Xiu-Lan", "Wang, Xiao-Rong", "Bolat, Makabel", "Feng, Xin", "Zhang, Fang-Bo", "Jiang, Feng"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495579", "countries": ["China", "Mongolia"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of viral pneumonia began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, which caused the spread of infectious pneumonia to a certain extent in China and neighboring countries and regions, and triggered the epidemic crisis. The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease listed as a B infectious disease, which is managed according to standards for A infectious disease. Traditional Chinese medicine and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine have played an active role in the prevention and control of this epidemic. China's ethnomedicine has recognized infectious diseases since ancient times, and formed a medical system including theory, therapies, formula and herbal medicines for such diseases. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Chuxiong Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan, Qiandongnan Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou have issued the prevention and control programs for COVID-19 using Tibetan, Mongolian, Uygur, Yi and Miao medicines. These programs reflect the wisdom of ethnomedicine in preventing and treating diseases, which have successfully extracted prescriptions and preventive measures for the outbreak of the epidemic from their own medical theories and traditional experiences. In this paper, we summarized and explained the prescriptions and medicinal materials of ethnomedicine in these programs, and the origin of Tibetan medicine prescriptions and Mongolian medicine prescriptions in ancient books were studied. These become the common characteristics of medical prevention and treatment programs for ethnomedicine to formulate therapeutic programs under the guidance of traditional medicine theories, recommend prescriptions and prevention and treatment methods with characteristics of ethnomedicine, and focus on the conve-nience and standardization. However, strengthening the support of science and technology and the popularization to the public, and improving the participation of ethnomedicine in national public health services and the capacity-building to deal with sudden and critical diseases are key contents in the development of ethnomedicine in the future."}, {"pmid": 32248145, "pmcid": "PMC7159057", "title": "Urban Intelligence for Pandemic Response: Viewpoint.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Lai, Yuan", "Yeung, Wesley", "Celi, Leo Anthony"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248145", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous epidemic management research proves the importance of city-level information, but also highlights limited expertise in urban data applications during a pandemic outbreak. In this paper, we provide an overview of city-level information, in combination with analytical and operational capacity, that define urban intelligence for supporting response to disease outbreaks. We present five components (movement, facilities, people, information, and engagement) that have been previously investigated but remain siloed to successfully orchestrate an integrated pandemic response. Reflecting on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak that was first identified in Wuhan, China, we discuss the opportunities, technical challenges, and foreseeable controversies for deploying urban intelligence during a pandemic. Finally, we emphasize the urgency of building urban intelligence through cross-disciplinary research and collaborative practice on a global scale."}, {"pmid": 32270184, "pmcid": "PMC7184390", "title": "Comparative replication and immune activation profiles of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in human lungs: an ex vivo study with implications for the pathogenesis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chu, Hin", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Wang, Yixin", "Yuen, Terrence Tsz-Tai", "Chai, Yue", "Hou, Yuxin", "Shuai, Huiping", "Yang, Dong", "Hu, Binjie", "Huang, Xiner", "Zhang, Xi", "Cai, Jian-Piao", "Zhou, Jie", "Yuan, Shuofeng", "Kok, Kin-Hang", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Chan, Ivy Hau-Yee", "Zhang, Anna Jinxia", "Sit, Ko-Yung", "Au, Wing-Kuk", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270184", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging coronavirus that has resulted in nearly 1,000,000 laboratory-confirmed cases including over 50,000 deaths. Although SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV share a number of common clinical manifestations, SARS-CoV-2 appears to be highly efficient in person-to-person transmission and frequently cause asymptomatic infections. However, the underlying mechanism that confers these viral characteristics on high transmissibility and asymptomatic infection remain incompletely understood. We comprehensively investigated the replication, cell tropism, and immune activation profile of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung tissues with SARS-CoV included as a comparison. SARS-CoV-2 infected and replicated in human lung tissues more efficiently than that of SARS-CoV. Within the 48-hour interval, SARS-CoV-2 generated 3.20 folds more infectious virus particles than that of SARS-CoV from the infected lung tissues (P<0.024). SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV were similar in cell tropism, with both targeting types I and II pneumocytes, and alveolar macrophages. Importantly, despite the more efficient virus replication, SARS-CoV-2 did not significantly induce types I, II, or III interferons in the infected human lung tissues. In addition, while SARS-CoV infection upregulated the expression of 11 out of 13 (84.62%) representative pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, SARS-CoV-2 infection only upregulated 5 of these 13 (38.46%) key inflammatory mediators despite replicating more efficiently. Our study provided the first quantitative data on the comparative replication capacity and immune activation profile of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection in human lung tissues. Our results provided important insights on the pathogenesis, high transmissibility, and asymptomatic infection of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32419854, "pmcid": "PMC7221278", "title": "Coronavirus in pregnancy. What we know so far?", "journal": "Maedica (Buchar)", "authors": ["Anca Marina, Ciobanu", "Gheorghe, Peltecu", "Anca Maria, Panaitescu"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419854", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are a group of viruses which, even if they are affecting mainly mammals and birds, could be transmitted to humans, generating common cold. The new virus strain is named SARS-CoV-2 and has 85% sequence similarity to SARS-CoV. Until now, it has caused more than 100 000 confirmed cases of infection and almost 5000 deaths, having a mortality rate of 4%. All information (symptoms, signs, management, complications) are taken from the other pandemic infections (SARS, MERS). Information about viral infection concerning pregnant women are limited and are common to other SARS infections. There are very few cases of pregnant patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and studies are ongoing."}, {"pmid": 32243729, "pmcid": "PMC7228351", "title": "The isolation period should be longer: Lesson from a child infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Chongqing, China.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Lin, Jilei", "Duan, Jun", "Tan, Tingdan", "Fu, Zhou", "Dai, Jihong"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243729", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbroke in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province, China. The disease rapidly spread to other areas in China due to a huge population movement during the New Year Festival. Here, a 7-year-old child with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Chongqing, outside of Wuhan, Hubei province, was reported. This case suggested that children infected with SARS-CoV-2 are more likely to present milder manifestations than adults. The continuous positive real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for SARS-CoV-2 in the child's throat swab sample indicated the isolation period for suspected child cases should be longer than 14 days."}, {"pmid": 32329924, "pmcid": "PMC7264615", "title": "Potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on financial toxicity in cancer survivors.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Baddour, Khalil", "Kudrick, Lauren D", "Neopaney, Aakriti", "Sabik, Lindsay M", "Peddada, Shyamal D", "Nilsen, Marci L", "Johnson, Jonas T", "Ferris, Robert L", "Mady, Leila J"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329924", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of COVID-19, cancer survivors represent a particularly vulnerable population that may be \"doubly hit\" by both costs of cancer treatment and financial strain imposed by the pandemic. We performed a review of the literature pertaining to cancer, financial toxicity, and economic challenges. Multiple societies have put forth recommendations to modify delivery of cancer care in order to minimize patient exposure to the virus. Cancer survivors, especially patients with head and neck cancer, have been disproportionately affected by rising unemployment levels and economic recessions in the past, both of which are linked to higher cancer mortality. Patients who rely on employer-provided insurance and do not qualify for Medicaid may lose access to life-saving treatments. It is essential to implement interventions and policy changes in order to mitigate the effects of this pandemic but also to ensure this becomes a nonissue during the next one."}, {"pmid": 32525698, "title": "A Closed Chamber ENT Examination Unit for Aerosol-Generating Endoscopic Examinations of COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Ear Nose Throat J", "authors": ["Sayin, Ibrahim", "Devecioglu, Ibrahim", "Yazici, Zahide Mine"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525698", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339091, "title": "Collateral Benefit of COVID-19 Control Measures on Influenza Activity, Taiwan.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kuo, Shu-Chen", "Shih, Shu-Man", "Chien, Li-Hsin", "Hsiung, Chao A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339091", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Taiwan has strictly followed infection control measures to prevent spread of coronavirus disease. Meanwhile, nationwide surveillance data revealed drastic decreases in influenza diagnoses in outpatient departments, positivity rates of clinical specimens, and confirmed severe cases during the first 12 weeks of 2020 compared with the same period of 2019."}, {"pmid": 32391986, "title": "Association of COVID-19 With Intimate Partner Violence.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Yahya, Ahmed Saeed", "Khawaja, Shakil", "Chukwuma, Jude"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391986", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485332, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Molecular and Phylogenetic analysis in COVID-19 patients: A preliminary report from Iran.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Tabibzadeh, Alireza", "Zamani, Farhad", "Laali, Azadeh", "Esghaei, Maryam", "Safarnezhad Tameshkel, Fahimeh", "Keyvani, Hossein", "Jamshidi Makiani, Mahin", "Panahi, Mahshid", "Motamed, Nima", "Perumal, Dhayaneethie", "Khoonsari, Mahmoodreza", "Ajdarkosh, Hossein", "Sohrabi, Masuodreza", "Ghanbari, Behrooz", "Savaj, Shokoufeh", "Mosavi-Jarrahi, Alireza", "Karbalaie Niya, Mohammad Hadi"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485332", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the current study was to investigate and track the SARS-CoV-2 in Iranian Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients using molecular and phylogenetic methods. We enrolled seven confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients for the phylogenetic assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 in Iran. The nsp-2, nsp-12, and S genes were amplified using one-step RT-PCR and sequenced using Sanger sequencing method. Popular bioinformatics software were used for sequences alignment and analysis as well as phylogenetic construction. The mean age of the patients in the present study was 60.42\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.94\u00a0years and 57.1% (4/7) were male. The results indicated high similarity between Iranian and Chinese strains. We could not find any particular polymorphisms in the assessed regions of the three genes. Phylogenetic trees by neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood method of nsp-2, nsp-12, and S genes showed that there are not any differences between Iranian isolates and those of other countries. As a preliminary phylogenetic study in Iranian SARS-CoV-2 isolates, we found that these isolates are closely related to the Chinese and reference sequences. Also, no sensible differences were observed between Iranian isolates and those of other countries. Further investigations are recommended using more comprehensive methods and larger sample sizes."}, {"pmid": 32340546, "title": "A Surgical Safety Checklist for Performing Tracheotomy in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Portugal, Louis G", "Adams, Dara R", "Baroody, Fuad M", "Agrawal, Nishant"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340546", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Performance of tracheotomy is a potential necessary step in the patient with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Due to viral aerosolization, tracheotomy carries a high risk of transmission of COVID-19 to the health care team performing the procedure. We share our institution's surgical safety checklist for performing tracheotomy in patients with COVID-19, including key modifications intended to mitigate risk to the surgical team."}, {"pmid": 32363005, "pmcid": "PMC7194942", "title": "COVID-19 and its implications in the management of resource infrastructure.", "journal": "J Dent Sci", "authors": ["Wu, Movina", "Chang, Yu-Chao"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363005", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253891, "title": "[Consideration of surgeons participating in 2019 coronavirus disease emergency medical rescue].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, S", "Li, X D", "Wang, G P", "Liang, C", "Jing, J P", "Liu, M M", "Zhang, C", "Lin, T", "Zhou, Y H", "Song, Y Z", "Tan, C", "Wang, Q", "Fan, L"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253891", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a newly epidemic, 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with a concentrated outbreak poses a great challenge to medical treatment. The severe and critical patients are complex complicatied with the psychological problems, and the medical staff are overworked and under tremendous psychological pressure. The surgeon participated in emergency medical rescue could provide professional treatment for the patients combined with surgical diseases, as well as specialized training for the non-surgeon crew, to reduce surgical-related mortality. With the advantages of good team consciousness, strong aseptic concept and good psychological quality, the surgeons can quickly adapt to and carry out rescue work under the premise of good self-protection. Surgeons need to develop critical care management concepts and focus on the critical care support equipment. Some suggestions are put forward for the standardized training of resident surgeons to cultivate compound talents. It is hoped that this article can lead to the thinking of how to participate in the emergency medical rescue of infectious diseases among surgeons and provide some enlightenment for future surgical education."}, {"pmid": 32336586, "pmcid": "PMC7158837", "title": "Pharmacotherapy in COVID-19; A narrative review for emergency providers.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Mehta, Nikita", "Mazer-Amirshahi, Maryann", "Alkindi, Nour", "Pourmand, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336586", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has been particularly challenging due to a lack of established therapies and treatment guidelines. With the rapid transmission of disease, even the off-label use of available therapies has been impeded by limited availability. Several antivirals, antimalarials, and biologics are being considered for treatment at this time. The purpose of this literature review is to synthesize the available information regarding treatment options for COVID-19 and serve as a resource for health care professionals. This narrative review was conducted to summarize the effectiveness of current therapy options for COVID-19 and address the controversial use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). PubMed and SCOPUS were queried using a combination of the keywords \"COVID 19,\" \"SARS-CoV-2,\" and \"treatment.\" All types of studies were evaluated including systematic reviews, case-studies, and clinical guidelines. There are currently no therapeutic drugs available that are directly active against SARS-CoV-2; however, several antivirals (remdesivir, favipiravir) and antimalarials (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine) have emerged as potential therapies. Current guidelines recommend combination treatment with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin or chloroquine, if hydroxychloroquine is unavailable, in patients with moderate disease, although these recommendations are based on limited evidence. Remdesivir and convalescent plasma may be considered in critical patients with respiratory failure; however, access to these therapies may be limited. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) antagonists may be used in patients who develop evidence of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Corticosteroids should be avoided unless there is evidence of refractory septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or another compelling indication for their use. ACE inhibitors and ARBs should not be discontinued at this time and ibuprofen may be used for fever. There are several ongoing clinical trials that are testing the efficacy of single and combination treatments with the drugs mentioned in this review and new agents are under development. Until the results of these trials become available, we must use the best available evidence for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Additionally, we can learn from the experiences of healthcare providers around the world to combat this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32527856, "title": "Identifying airborne transmission as the dominant route for the spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Zhang, Renyi", "Li, Yixin", "Zhang, Annie L", "Wang, Yuan", "Molina, Mario J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527856", "countries": ["United States", "Italy", "China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Various mitigation measures have been implemented to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including widely adopted social distancing and mandated face covering. However, assessing the effectiveness of those intervention practices hinges on the understanding of virus transmission, which remains uncertain. Here we show that airborne transmission is highly virulent and represents the dominant route to spread the disease. By analyzing the trend and mitigation measures in Wuhan, China, Italy, and New York City, from January 23 to May 9, 2020, we illustrate that the impacts of mitigation measures are discernable from the trends of the pandemic. Our analysis reveals that the difference with and without mandated face covering represents the determinant in shaping the pandemic trends in the three epicenters. This protective measure alone significantly reduced the number of infections, that is, by over 78,000 in Italy from April 6 to May 9 and over 66,000 in New York City from April 17 to May 9. Other mitigation measures, such as social distancing implemented in the United States, are insufficient by themselves in protecting the public. We conclude that wearing of face masks in public corresponds to the most effective means to prevent interhuman transmission, and this inexpensive practice, in conjunction with simultaneous social distancing, quarantine, and contact tracing, represents the most likely fighting opportunity to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. Our work also highlights the fact that sound science is essential in decision-making for the current and future public health pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32451627, "pmcid": "PMC7246963", "title": "Anesthesia in the times of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Anesth", "authors": ["Yamakage, Michiaki"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451627", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265003, "pmcid": "PMC7140594", "title": "Indications for healthcare surge capacity in European countries facing an exponential increase in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases, March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Verelst, Frederik", "Kuylen, Elise", "Beutels, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265003", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Netherlands", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "European healthcare systems face extreme pressure from coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We relate country-specific accumulated COVID-19 deaths (intensity approach) and active COVID-19 cases (magnitude approach) to measures of healthcare system capacity: hospital beds, healthcare workers and healthcare expenditure. Modelled by the intensity approach with a composite measure for healthcare capacity, the countries experiencing the highest pressure on 25 March 2020 - relative to Italy on 11 March - were Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and France (www.covid-hcpressure.org)."}, {"pmid": 32391852, "title": "COVID-19 and Health Equity-A New Kind of \"Herd Immunity\".", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Williams, David R", "Cooper, Lisa A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467196, "pmcid": "PMC7241904", "title": "Religious cliche and COVID-19 management: a barrier for physicians.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Iqbal, Qaiser", "Tareen, Abdul Malik", "Saleem, Fahad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467196", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31971553, "title": "Coronavirus Infections-More Than Just the Common Cold.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Paules, Catharine I", "Marston, Hilary D", "Fauci, Anthony S"], "date": "2020-01-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31971553", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387156, "pmcid": "PMC7188642", "title": "The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the Practice of Hand Surgery in Singapore.", "journal": "J Hand Surg Am", "authors": ["Hwee, Jolie", "Chiew, Jean", "Sechachalam, Sreedharan"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387156", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly evolving. Tan Tock Seng Hospital and the National Centre for Infectious Disease see the majority of confirmed and suspected cases in Singapore. This article describes the impact of COVID-19 on the practice of hand and reconstructive microsurgery (HRM) in our institution. It details our department's response as the situation escalated and the impact on the HRM elective and emergency workload, including the use of personal protective equipment on the surgical practice of HRM, as well as the effects of the condition on social and academic life."}, {"pmid": 32359148, "pmcid": "PMC7197525", "title": "COVID-19: a new work-related disease threatening healthcare workers.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Godderis, Lode", "Boone, Anke", "Bakusic, Jelena"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398901, "pmcid": "PMC7214287", "title": "In the midst of the perfect storm: swift public health actions needed in order to increase societal safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Saf Sci", "authors": ["Emmanouil, Pikoulis", "Karl, Puchner", "Eleni, Riza", "Eleni, Kakalou", "Elias, Pavlopoulos", "Constantinos, Tsiamis", "Vasileios, Tokakis", "Georgios, Boustras", "Agis, Terzidis", "Vasiliki, Karamagioli"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398901", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The phenomenal speed of COVID-19 has subjected the public health professionals worldwide to struggle to subdue the spread of the disease and its impact of the affected societies. The limited biomedical and epidemiological understanding of COVID-19 along with the lack of vaccines and therapeutics have led to the reception of draconian measures from the societal safety domain, limiting human interaction through social distancing. Grounded on the adopted approaches, interventions in sero-prevalence studies, mobilisation of the primary health care (PHC) sector, as well as target socially vulnerable groups should be taken into consideration by heath authorities."}, {"pmid": 32238351, "title": "Socioeconomic gradient in health and the covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Chung, Roger Yat-Nork", "Dong, Dong", "Li, Minnie Ming"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238351", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31979013, "pmcid": "PMC7077218", "title": "Emerging Viruses without Borders: The Wuhan Coronavirus.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Liu, Shan-Lu", "Saif, Linda"], "date": "2020-01-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31979013", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recently emerged coronavirus in Wuhan, China has claimed at least two lives as of January 17 and infected hundreds if not thousands of individuals. The situation has drawn international attention, including from the virology community. We applaud the rapid release to the public of the genome sequence of the new virus by Chinese virologists, but we also believe that increased transparency on disease reporting and data sharing with international colleagues are crucial for curbing the spread of this newly emerging virus to other parts of the world."}, {"pmid": 32385130, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of and Medical Interventions for COVID-19 in Hemodialysis Patients in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Xiong, Fei", "Tang, Hui", "Liu, Li", "Tu, Can", "Tian, Jian-Bo", "Lei, Chun-Tao", "Liu, Jing", "Dong, Jun-Wu", "Chen, Wen-Li", "Wang, Xiao-Hui", "Luo, Dan", "Shi, Ming", "Miao, Xiao-Ping", "Zhang, Chun"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385130", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reports indicate that those most vulnerable to developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are older adults and those with underlying illnesses, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease, which are common comorbidities among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. However, there is limited information about the clinical characteristics of hemodialysis patients with COVID-19 or about interventions to control COVID-19 in hemodialysis centers. We collected data retrospectively through an online registration system that includes all patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis at 65 centers in Wuhan, China. We reviewed epidemiologic and clinical data of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between January 1, 2020 and March 10, 2020. Of 7154 patients undergoing hemodialysis, 154 had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. The mean age of the 131 patients in our analysis was 63.2 years; 57.3% were men. Many had underlying comorbidities, with cardiovascular disease (including hypertension) being the most common (68.7%). Only 51.9% of patients manifested fever; 21.4% of infected patients were asymptomatic. The most common finding on chest computed tomography (CT) was ground-grass or patchy opacity (82.1%). After initiating comprehensive interventions-including entrance screening of body temperature and symptoms, universal chest CT and blood tests, and other measures-new patients presenting with COVID-19 peaked at 10 per day on January 30, decreasing to 4 per day on February 11. No new cases occurred between February 26 and March 10, 2020. We found that patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis were susceptible to COVID-19 and that hemodialysis centers were high-risk settings during the epidemic. Increasing prevention efforts, instituting universal screening, and isolating patients with COVID-19 and directing them to designated hemodialysis centers were effective in preventing the spread of COVID-19 in hemodialysis centers."}, {"pmid": 32336563, "pmcid": "PMC7270645", "title": "Clinical Consensus Recommendations Regarding Non-Invasive Respiratory Support in the Adult Patient with Acute Respiratory Failure Secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Cinesi Gomez, Cesar", "Penuelas Rodriguez, Oscar", "Lujan Torne, Manel", "Egea Santaolalla, Carlos", "Masa Jimenez, Juan Fernando", "Garcia Fernandez, Javier", "Carratala Perales, Jose Manuel", "Heili-Frades, Sarah Beatrice", "Ferrer Monreal, Miquel", "de Andres Nilsson, Jose M", "Lista Arias, Eva", "Sanchez Rocamora, Juan Luis", "Garrote, Jose Ignacio", "Zamorano Serrano, Miguel J", "Gonzalez Martinez, Monica", "Farrero Munoz, Eva", "Mediano San Andres, Olga", "Rialp Cervera, Gemma", "Mas Serra, Arantxa", "Hernandez Martinez, Gonzalo", "de Haro Lopez, Candelaria", "Roca Gas, Oriol", "Ferrer Roca, Ricard", "Romero Berrocal, Antonio", "Ferrando Ortola, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336563", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection caused by a newly emergent coronavirus, that was first recognized in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined the infection as a global pandemic and there is a health and social emergency for the management of this new infection. While most people with COVID-19 develop only mild or uncomplicated illness, approximately 14% develop severe disease that requires hospitalization and oxygen support, and 5% require admission to an intensive care unit. In severe cases, COVID-19 can be complicated by the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis and septic shock, and multiorgan failure. This consensus document has been prepared on evidence-informed guidelines developed by a multidisciplinary panel of health care providers from four Spanish scientific societies (Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine [SEMICYUC], Spanish Society of Pulmonologists [SEPAR], Spanish Society of Emergency [SEMES], Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Reanimation, and Pain [SEDAR]) with experience in the clinical management of patients with COVID-19 and other viral infections, including SARS, as well as sepsis and ARDS. The document provides clinical recommendations for the noninvasive respiratory support (noninvasive ventilation, high flow oxygen therapy with nasal cannula) in any patient with suspected or confirmed presentation of COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure. This consensus guidance should serve as a foundation for optimized supportive care to ensure the best possible chance for survival and to allow for reliable comparison of investigational therapeutic interventions as part of randomized controlled trials."}, {"pmid": 32354694, "pmcid": "PMC7165287", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic, personal reflections on editorial responsibility.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Tandon, Rajiv"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354694", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426020, "pmcid": "PMC7229728", "title": "A surgeon's role in fighting a medical pandemic: Experiences from the unit at the epicentre of COVID-19 in Singapore - A cohort perspective.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Rasappan, Kumaran", "Oh, Jacob Yoong Leong", "Ding, Benjamin Tze Keong", "Mohd Fadhil, Muhd Farhan", "Lee, Keng Thiam"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426020", "countries": ["Singapore", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although Singapore was one of the first countries outside of China to be affected by COVID-19, for the first 2.5 months since its first reported case on January 23, 2020, it remained one of the few nations with successful containment of spread of the pandemic with little mortality and zero intra-hospital transmissions, without instituting a major lockdown of the country. In times of an infectious epidemic where medical subspecialties lead the frontline, a surgeon's role becomes rather vague. However, the only obstacle that stands in between the surgeon and fighting in the frontline of an infectious disease outbreak, is the traditional perception of what a surgeon can do. By presenting the strategies employed by our institution and its surgical unit, which remains the epicenter of the COVID-19 fight in Singapore, together with our medical counterparts, we hope to be able to improve our practices to respond and prevent the pandemic from escalating further as a collective community of surgeons across the globe. Contingencies should be in place for prioritization of existing patients, triaging and treatment of suspected patients, infection control, manpower management and novel strategies for inter-disciplinary communications and education in a hospital's surgical unit during a pandemic. Working in a high risk environment with manpower and resource limitations for prolonged periods of time has effect on morale and affects surgeon burn-out. Transparent communication, avenues to address psychological needs of surgeons and leadership by example are key strategies in ensuring a sustainable fight against the pandemic. With the varies strategies implemented, every surgical discipline and every surgeon should be unified and place their desire to operate aside. There should not be any differentiation between surgeon and physician, but instead, everyone has to work together as one united health care front battling the common enemy - COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32344306, "pmcid": "PMC7175881", "title": "Is Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) seen less in countries more exposed to Malaria?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Sargin, Gokhan", "Yavasoglu, Sare Ilknur", "Yavasoglu, Irfan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344306", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391410, "pmcid": "PMC7206447", "title": "Dataset on dynamics of Coronavirus on Twitter.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Aguilar-Gallegos, Norman", "Romero-Garcia, Leticia Elizabeth", "Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique Genaro", "Garcia-Sanchez, Edgar Ivan", "Aguilar-Avila, Jorge"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391410", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this data article, we provide a dataset of 8,982,694 Twitter posts around the coronavirus health global crisis. The data were collected through the Twitter REST API search. We used the rtweet R package to download raw data. The term searched was \"Coronavirus\" which included the word itself and its hashtag version. We collected the data over 23 days, from January 21 to February 12, 2020. The dataset is multilingual, prevailing English, Spanish, and Portuguese. We include a new variable created from other four variables; it is called \"type\" of tweets, which is useful for showing the diversity of tweets and the dynamics of users on Twitter. The dataset comprises seven databases which can be analysed separately. On the other hand, they can be crossed to set other researches, among them, trends and relevance of different topics, types of tweets, the embeddedness of users and their profiles, the retweets dynamics, hashtag analysis, as well as to perform social network analysis. This dataset can attract the attention of researchers related to different fields on knowledge, such as data science, social science, network science, health informatics, tourism, infodemiology, and others."}, {"pmid": 32292053, "title": "Severe Pneumonia Due to SARS-CoV-2 and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Case Report.", "journal": "Clin Pediatr (Phila)", "authors": ["Shi, Buyun", "Xia, Zhi", "Xiao, Shuna", "Huang, Chengjiao", "Zhou, Xiaoqin", "Xu, Hui"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292053", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335909, "pmcid": "PMC7267231", "title": "Clinical implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental education.", "journal": "J Dent Educ", "authors": ["Desai, Bhakti K"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335909", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277533, "pmcid": "PMC7262343", "title": "Emergency measures for acute oral mucosa diseases during the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Guo, Yiqing", "Yuan, Changqing", "Wei, Changlei"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277533", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283145, "pmcid": "PMC7194628", "title": "Evaluation of control measures for COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wang, Ligui", "Chen, Hui", "Qiu, Shaofu", "Song, Hongbin"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283145", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397008, "pmcid": "PMC7273017", "title": "The aerosol box for intubation in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: an in-situ simulation crossover study.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Begley, J L", "Lavery, K E", "Nickson, C P", "Brewster, D J"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397008", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to the manufacturing of novel devices to protect clinicians from the risk of transmission, including the aerosol box for use during tracheal intubation. We evaluated the impact of two aerosol boxes (an early-generation box and a latest-generation box) on intubations in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 with an in-situ simulation crossover study. The simulated process complied with the Safe Airway Society coronavirus disease 2019 airway management guidelines. The primary outcome was intubation time; secondary outcomes included first-pass success and breaches to personal protective equipment. All intubations were performed by specialist (consultant) anaesthetists and video recorded. Twelve anaesthetists performed 36 intubations. Intubation time with no aerosol box was significantly shorter than with the early-generation box (median (IQR [range]) 42.9 (32.9-46.9 [30.9-57.6])s vs. 82.1 (45.1-98.3 [30.8-180.0])s p\u00a0=\u00a00.002) and the latest-generation box (52.4 (43.1-70.3 [35.7-169.2])s, p\u00a0=\u00a00.008). No intubations without a box took more than 1\u00a0min, whereas 14 (58%) intubations with a box took over 1\u00a0min and 4 (17%) took over 2\u00a0min (including one failure). Without an aerosol box, all anaesthetists obtained first-pass success. With the early-generation and latest-generation boxes, 9 (75%) and 10 (83%) participants obtained first-pass success, respectively. One breach of personal protective equipment occurred using the early-generation box and seven breaches occurred using the latest-generation box. Aerosol boxes may increase intubation times and therefore expose patients to the risk of hypoxia. They may cause damage to conventional personal protective equipment and therefore place clinicians at risk of infection. Further research is required before these devices can be considered safe for clinical use."}, {"pmid": 32338706, "pmcid": "PMC7197601", "title": "Myocarditis revealing COVID-19 infection in a young patient.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Paul, Jean-Francois", "Charles, Pierre", "Richaud, Clemence", "Caussin, Christophe", "Diakov, Christelle"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338706", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478846, "title": "Mental Health of Young Physicians in China During the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Li, Weidong", "Frank, Elena", "Zhao, Zhuo", "Chen, Lihong", "Wang, Zhen", "Burmeister, Margit", "Sen, Srijan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478846", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282258, "title": "Letter to the Editor: How to Deal with Suspended Oral Treatment during the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "J Dent Res", "authors": ["Guo, J", "Wu, H", "Xie, H"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282258", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487463, "pmcid": "PMC7245252", "title": "Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Sex Med", "authors": ["Miranda, Eduardo P", "Nascimento, Bruno", "Torres, Luiz Otavio", "Glina, Sidney"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487463", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335075, "pmcid": "PMC7252044", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Mental Health and Psychological Distress in People with Diabetes during COVID-19.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Sonia", "Mukhtar, Sakina"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335075", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515377, "title": "Clinical tools for cardiorespiratory assessment and rehabilitation: A primary care perspective.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Kalra, Arnav"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515377", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people worldwide. It mainly affects the respiratory system, seen as pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cardiovascular manifestations have been observed in some patients. Hence, cardiorespiratory assessment is an important component of diagnosis, management and follow-up of this disease. Primary care is the first point of contact with the healthcare system for most patients. Therefore, methods for assessment and rehabilitation should be feasible in a primary care setting. This commentary aims to provide a primary care perspective on existing clinical tools for cardiorespiratory assessment and rehabilitation."}, {"pmid": 32485488, "pmcid": "PMC7255192", "title": "Prevalence and predictors of PTSD during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a Tunisian community sample.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Fekih-Romdhane, Feten", "Ghrissi, Farah", "Abbassi, Bouthaina", "Cherif, Wissal", "Cheour, Majda"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485488", "countries": ["Tunisia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481594, "title": "Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Ammar, Achraf", "Brach, Michael", "Trabelsi, Khaled", "Chtourou, Hamdi", "Boukhris, Omar", "Masmoudi, Liwa", "Bouaziz, Bassem", "Bentlage, Ellen", "How, Daniella", "Ahmed, Mona", "Muller, Patrick", "Muller, Notger", "Aloui, Asma", "Hammouda, Omar", "Paineiras-Domingos, Laisa Liane", "Braakman-Jansen, Annemarie", "Wrede, Christian", "Bastoni, Sofia", "Pernambuco, Carlos Soares", "Mataruna, Leonardo", "Taheri, Morteza", "Irandoust, Khadijeh", "Khacharem, Aimen", "Bragazzi, Nicola L", "Chamari, Karim", "Glenn, Jordan M", "Bott, Nicholas T", "Gargouri, Faiez", "Chaari, Lotfi", "Batatia, Hadj", "Ali, Gamal Mohamed", "Abdelkarim, Osama", "Jarraya, Mohamed", "Abed, Kais El", "Souissi, Nizar", "Van Gemert-Pijnen, Lisette", "Riemann, Bryan L", "Riemann, Laurel", "Moalla, Wassim", "Gomez-Raja, Jonathan", "Epstein, Monique", "Sanderman, Robbert", "Schulz, Sebastian Vw", "Jerg, Achim", "Al-Horani, Ramzi", "Mansi, Taiysir", "Jmail, Mohamed", "Barbosa, Fernando", "Ferreira-Santos, Fernando", "Simunic, Bostjan", "Pisot, Rado", "Gaggioli, Andrea", "Bailey, Stephen J", "Steinacker, Jurgen M", "Driss, Tarak", "Hoekelmann, Anita"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481594", "countries": ["France", "Slovenia", "Portugal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health recommendations and governmental measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on health behaviours and lifestyles at home is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020, in seven languages, to elucidate the behavioural and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the results from the first thousand responders on physical activity (PA) and nutrition behaviours. Following a structured review of the literature, the \"Effects of home Confinement on multiple Lifestyle Behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak (ECLB-COVID19)\" Electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists and academics. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online survey platform. Thirty-five research organisations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia and the Americas promoted the survey in English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese and Slovenian languages. Questions were presented in a differential format, with questions related to responses \"before\" and \"during\" confinement conditions. 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%) were included in the analysis. The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on all PA intensity levels (vigorous, moderate, walking and overall). Additionally, daily sitting time increased from 5 to 8 h per day. Food consumption and meal patterns (the type of food, eating out of control, snacks between meals, number of main meals) were more unhealthy during confinement, with only alcohol binge drinking decreasing significantly. While isolation is a necessary measure to protect public health, results indicate that it alters physical activity and eating behaviours in a health compromising direction. A more detailed analysis of survey data will allow for a segregation of these responses in different age groups, countries and other subgroups, which will help develop interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviours that have manifested during the COVID-19 confinement."}, {"pmid": 32426292, "pmcid": "PMC7212352", "title": "Oral Chemotherapy for Treatment of Lung Cancer.", "journal": "Front Oncol", "authors": ["Jonna, Sushma", "Reuss, Joshua E", "Kim, Chul", "Liu, Stephen V"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426292", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted healthcare delivery, particularly for patients with advanced lung cancer. While certain aspects of care can be safely omitted or delayed, systemic therapy plays an important role in survival and quality of life for patients with advanced lung cancer; limiting access to systemic therapy will compromise cancer-related outcomes. This can be at odds with strategies to mitigate risk of COVID-19 exposure, which include reducing hospital and clinic visits. One important strategy is implementation of oral cancer therapies. Many standard regimens require intravenous infusions but there are specific circumstances where an oral agent could be an acceptable alternative. Integrating oral therapeutics can permit patients to receive effective systemic treatment without the exposure risks associated with frequent infusions. Here, we review currently available oral cytotoxic agents with a potential role in the treatment of lung cancer."}, {"pmid": 32493648, "pmcid": "PMC7245258", "title": "How and why use the EasyBreath(R) Decathlon surface snorkeling mask as a personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Thierry, B", "Celerier, C", "Simon, F", "Lacroix, C", "Khonsari, R-H"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493648", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 outbreak, personal protective equipment is widely used to limit infection of caregivers. Innovative solutions have been described to overcome supply shortage. The adaptation of the EasyBreath\u00ae surface snorkeling mask by the Prakash team has benefited from outstanding media coverage. We present four 3D-printed devices that we have modified from the initial innovative design in order to adapt to local constraints. We tested the mask during surgery. The modifications that we made provide better ergonomics, visibility and communication capacities, but that have no official approval for use and can therefore only be recommended in the absence of a validated alternative solution. 3D printing is a tool of prime importance in the production of devices for medical use in health crisis situations."}, {"pmid": 32323646, "pmcid": "PMC7253100", "title": "Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention or Treatment of COVID-19 in Africa: Caution for Inappropriate Off-label Use in Healthcare Settings.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Abena, Pascale M", "Decloedt, Eric H", "Bottieau, Emmanuel", "Suleman, Fatima", "Adejumo, Prisca", "Sam-Agudu, Nadia A", "Muyembe TamFum, Jean-Jacques", "Seydi, Moussa", "Eholie, Serge P", "Mills, Edward J", "Kallay, Oscar", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Nachega, Jean B"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323646", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 pandemic has spread to Africa, where nearly all countries have reported laboratory-confirmed cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Although there are ongoing clinical trials of repurposed and investigational antiviral and immune-based therapies, there are as yet no scientifically proven, clinically effective pharmacological treatments for COVID-19. Among the repurposed drugs, the commonly used antimalarials chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have become the focus of global scientific, media, and political attention despite a lack of randomized clinical trials supporting their efficacy. Chloroquine has been used worldwide for about 75 years and is listed by the WHO as an essential medicine to treat malaria. Hydroxychloroquine is mainly used as a therapy for autoimmune diseases. However, the efficacy and safety of CQ/HCQ for the treatment of COVID-19 remains to be defined. Indiscriminate promotion and widespread use of CQ/HCQ have led to extensive shortages, self-treatment, and fatal overdoses. Shortages and increased market prices leave all countries vulnerable to substandard and falsified medical products, and safety issues are especially concerning for Africa because of its healthcare system limitations. Much needed in Africa is a cross-continental collaborative network for coordinated production, distribution, and post-marketing surveillance aligned to low-cost distribution of any approved COVID-19 drug; this would ideally be piggybacked on existing global aid efforts. Meanwhile, African countries should strongly consider implementing prescription monitoring schemes to ensure that any off-label CQ/HCQ use is appropriate and beneficial during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32423970, "title": "Storm, typhoon, cyclone or hurricane in patients with COVID-19? Beware of the same storm that has a different origin.", "journal": "RMD Open", "authors": ["Alunno, Alessia", "Carubbi, Francesco", "Rodriguez-Carrio, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423970", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some of the articles being published during the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 pandemic highlight a link between severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the so-called cytokine storm, also with increased ferritin levels. However, this scenario is more complex than initially thought due to the heterogeneity of hyperinflammation. Some patients with coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) develop a fully blown secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), whereas others, despite a consistent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, do not fulfil sHLH criteria but still show some features resembling the phenotype of the hyperferritinemic syndrome. Despite the final event (the cytokine storm) is shared by various conditions leading to sHLH, the aetiology, either infectious, autoimmune or neoplastic, accounts for the differences in the various phases of this process. Moreover, the evidence of a hyperinflammatory microenvironment provided the rationale to employ immunomodulating agents for therapeutic purposes in severe COVID-19. This viewpoint aims at discussing the pitfalls and issues to be considered with regard to the use of immunomodulating agents in COVID-19, such as timing of treatment based on the viral load and the extent of cytokine/ferritin overexpression. Furthermore, it encompasses recent findings in the paediatric field about a novel multisystem inflammatory disease resembling toxic shock syndrome and atypical Kawasaki disease observed in children with proven SARS-CoV2 infection. Finally, it includes arguments in favour of adding COVID-19 to the spectrum of the recently defined 'hyperferritinemic syndrome', which already includes adult-onset Still's disease, macrophage activation syndrome, septic shock and catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome."}, {"pmid": 32402155, "pmcid": "PMC7240771", "title": "Multiorgan and Renal Tropism of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Puelles, Victor G", "Lutgehetmann, Marc", "Lindenmeyer, Maja T", "Sperhake, Jan P", "Wong, Milagros N", "Allweiss, Lena", "Chilla, Silvia", "Heinemann, Axel", "Wanner, Nicola", "Liu, Shuya", "Braun, Fabian", "Lu, Shun", "Pfefferle, Susanne", "Schroder, Ann S", "Edler, Carolin", "Gross, Oliver", "Glatzel, Markus", "Wichmann, Dominic", "Wiech, Thorsten", "Kluge, Stefan", "Pueschel, Klaus", "Aepfelbacher, Martin", "Huber, Tobias B"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402155", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442130, "title": "Agile Health Care Analytics: Enabling Real-Time Disease Surveillance With a Computational Health Platform.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Schulz, Wade L", "Durant, Thomas J S", "Torre, Charles J Jr", "Hsiao, Allen L", "Krumholz, Harlan M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442130", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing coronavirus disease outbreak demonstrates the need for novel applications of real-time data to produce timely information about incident cases. Using health information technology (HIT) and real-world data, we sought to produce an interface that could, in near real time, identify patients presenting with suspected respiratory tract infection and enable monitoring of test results related to specific pathogens, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This tool was built upon our computational health platform, which provides access to near real-time data from disparate HIT sources across our health system. This combination of technology allowed us to rapidly prototype, iterate, and deploy a platform to support a cohesive organizational response to a rapidly evolving outbreak. Platforms that allow for agile analytics are needed to keep pace with evolving needs within the health care system."}, {"pmid": 32444169, "pmcid": "PMC7207100", "title": "COVID-19 presenting as acute pancreatitis.", "journal": "Pancreatology", "authors": ["Aloysius, Mark M", "Thatti, Ashwin", "Gupta, Anjalika", "Sharma, Nishant", "Bansal, Pardeep", "Goyal, Hemant"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444169", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has spread over 200 countries worldwide, affecting >2 million people and >120,000 deaths. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The most common symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, and fever. However, gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 are increasingly being recognized. Herein, we report a case of COVID-19 who presented with acute pancreatitis (AP) without any other risk factors."}, {"pmid": 32320066, "pmcid": "PMC7264535", "title": "The emergence of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease and their neuroinvasive propensity may affect in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yashavantha Rao, H C", "Jayabaskaran, Chelliah"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320066", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection has recently emerged and rapidly spreading in humans causing a significant threat to international health and the economy. Rapid assessment and warning are crucial for an outbreak analysis in response to serious public health. SARS-CoV-2 shares highly homological sequences with SARS-CoVs causing highly lethal pneumonia with respiratory distress and clinical symptoms similar to those reported for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections. Notably, some COVID-19 patients also expressed neurologic signs like nausea, headache, and vomiting. Several studies have reported that coronaviruses are not only causing respiratory illness but also invade the central nervous system through a synapse-connected route. SARS-CoV infections are reported in both patients and experimental animals' brains. Interestingly, some COVID-19 patients have shown the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in their cerebrospinal fluid. Considering the similarities between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in various aspects, it remains to clarify whether the potent invasion of SARS-CoV-2 may affect in COVID-19 patients. All these indicate that more detailed criteria are needed for the treatment and the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. In the absence of potential interventions for COVID-19, there is an urgent need for an alternative strategy to control the spread of this disease."}, {"pmid": 32355653, "pmcid": "PMC7188613", "title": "Chest CT as a screening tool for COVID-19 in unrelated patients and asymptomatic subjects without contact history is unjustified.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Liu, Wei-Hong", "Wang, Xia-Wu", "Cai, Zhong-Quan", "Wang, Xiao", "Huang, Xiao-Lu", "Jin, Zhi-Gang"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355653", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318330, "pmcid": "PMC7169905", "title": "Rewriting the rules for care of MDS and AML patients in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Leuk Res Rep", "authors": ["Raza, Azra", "Assal, Amer", "Ali, Abdullah M", "Jurcic, Joseph G"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318330", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The care of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been radically altered by COVID-19, especially in New York City, the epicenter of the pandemic. Here we summarize how telemedicine, virtual visits, delayed transfusions, and chemotherapy, preferably selecting self-administered medications and visits by home healthcare workers, are employed to minimize exposure of our high-risk population of patients to the virus. The unique challenges of transplants during the pandemic and the consequences of an abrupt halt in all non-essential research activities are described. Not all the changes forced by COVID-19 are detrimental."}, {"pmid": 32415741, "pmcid": "PMC7267141", "title": "COVID-19 and impact of personal protective equipment use: From occupational to generalized skin care need.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Atzori, Laura", "Ferreli, Caterina", "Atzori, Maria G", "Rongioletti, Franco"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415741", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442294, "title": "Therapy with agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gnavi, Roberto", "Demaria, Moreno", "Picariello, Roberta", "Dalmasso, Marco", "Ricceri, Fulvio", "Costa, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442294", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Exposure to agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system was not associated to a risk increase of COVID-19 infection in two Italian matched case-control studies, one nested in hypertensive patients and the other in patients with cardiovascular diseases or diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32267163, "title": "Effects of Social Grooming on Incivility in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw", "authors": ["Kim, Bumsoo"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267163", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study implements a computer-assisted content analysis to identify which social grooming factors reduce social media users' incivility when commenting or posting about the COVID-19 situation in South Korea. In addition, this study conducts semantic network analysis to interpret qualitatively how people express their thoughts. The findings suggest that social network size is a negative predictor of incivility. Moreover, Twitter users who have built larger networks and gained positive responses from others are less likely to use uncivil language. Lastly, linguistic choice among users is different depending on the size of their social network."}, {"pmid": 32240303, "pmcid": "PMC7184500", "title": "Electronic personal protective equipment: A strategy to protect emergency department providers in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Turer, Robert W", "Jones, Ian", "Rosenbloom, S Trent", "Slovis, Corey", "Ward, Michael J"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergent policy changes related to telemedicine and the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have created opportunities for technology-based clinical evaluation, which serves to conserve personal protective equipment (PPE) and protect emergency providers. We define electronic PPE as an approach using telemedicine tools to perform electronic medical screening exams while satisfying the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act. We discuss the safety, legal, and technical factors necessary for implementing such a pathway. This approach has the potential to conserve PPE and protect providers while maintaining safe standards for medical screening exams in the emergency department for low-risk patients in whom COVID-19 is suspected."}, {"pmid": 32458530, "title": "Immunosuppressive and immunomodulator therapy for rare or uncommon skin disorders in pandemic days.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Karadag, Ayse Serap", "Aslan Kayiran, Melek", "Lotti, Torello", "Wollina, Uwe"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458530", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies are important in dermatology, but indications are influenced by SARS-CoV-2. We will focus on are skin disorders such as autoimmune connective tissue disorders, neutrophilic dermatoses and vasculitis. Immunomodulators such as colchicine and antimalarials can easily be preferred taking their beneficial effects on Covid-19 into consideration and also given their wide spectrum of action. Among the conventional therapies, methotrexate, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil increase the risk of infection, and thus their use is recommended only when necessary and at low doses. On the other hand, use of cyclosporine is also not recommended as it increases the risk of hypertension, which is susceptible to Covid-19. Anti-TNF agents from among the biological therapies appear to be slightly risky in terms of susceptibility to infection. However, there are ongoing studies which suggest that some biological treatments may reduce cytokine storm impeding the Covid-19 progression as a result, in spite of their susceptibilities to Covid-19. Patients, who will be started on immunosuppressive therapy, should be tested for Covid-19 prior to the therapy, and in the event that Covid-19 is suspected, the therapy should be discontinued. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32325127, "pmcid": "PMC7194792", "title": "Darunavir does not prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV patients.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Riva, Agostino", "Conti, Federico", "Bernacchia, Dario", "Pezzati, Laura", "Sollima, Salvatore", "Merli, Stefania", "Siano, Matteo", "Lupo, Angelica", "Rusconi, Stefano", "Cattaneo, Dario", "Gervasoni, Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325127", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348792, "pmcid": "PMC7194819", "title": "Will environmental impacts of social distancing due to the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 decrease allergic disease?", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Navel, Valentin", "Chiambaretta, Frederic", "Dutheil, Frederic"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505251, "title": "Quality of primary health care in China: challenges and recommendations.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Li, Xi", "Krumholz, Harlan M", "Yip, Winnie", "Cheng, Kar Keung", "De Maeseneer, Jan", "Meng, Qingyue", "Mossialos, Elias", "Li, Chuang", "Lu, Jiapeng", "Su, Meng", "Zhang, Qiuli", "Xu, Dong Roman", "Li, Liming", "Normand, Sharon-Lise T", "Peto, Richard", "Li, Jing", "Wang, Zengwu", "Yan, Hongbing", "Gao, Runlin", "Chunharas, Somsak", "Gao, Xin", "Guerra, Raniero", "Ji, Huijie", "Ke, Yang", "Pan, Zhigang", "Wu, Xianping", "Xiao, Shuiyuan", "Xie, Xinying", "Zhang, Yujuan", "Zhu, Jun", "Zhu, Shanzhu", "Hu, Shengshou"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505251", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "China has substantially increased financial investment and introduced favourable policies for strengthening its primary health care system with core responsibilities in preventing and managing chronic diseases such as hypertension and emerging infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, widespread gaps in the quality of primary health care still exist. In this Review, we aim to identify the causes for this poor quality, and provide policy recommendations. System challenges include: the suboptimal education and training of primary health-care practitioners, a fee-for-service payment system that incentivises testing and treatments over prevention, fragmentation of clinical care and public health service, and insufficient continuity of care throughout the entire health-care system. The following recommendations merit consideration: (1) enhancement of the quality of training for primary health-care physicians, (2) establishment of performance accountability to incentivise high-quality and high-value care; (3) integration of clinical care with the basic public health services, and (4) strengthening of the coordination between primary health-care institutions and hospitals. Additionally, China should consider modernising its primary health-care system through the establishment of a learning health system built on digital data and innovative technologies."}, {"pmid": 32520513, "title": "Atypical Presentation of COVID-19 Incidentally Detected at 18F-FDG PET/CT in an Asymptomatic Oncological Patient.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Mattoli, Maria Vittoria", "Taralli, Silvia", "Pennese, Elsa", "D'Angelo, Carla", "Angrilli, Francesco", "Villano, Carlo"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520513", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The incidence of COVID-19, a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2, is rapidly growing worldwide. In this pandemic period, the chance of incidental pulmonary findings suggestive of COVID-19 at F-FDG PET/CT in asymptomatic oncological patients is not negligible. To suspect COVID-19 is more demanding whether its presentation is atypical. We describe the incidental PET/CT detection of an F-FDG-avid isolated centrilobular pulmonary consolidation in an asymptomatic lymphoma patient, which later resulted in an unexpected and atypical COVID-19 presentation. The nuclear medicine physicians should be prepared to suspect COVID-19 even in asymptomatic patients presenting with a \"far-from-COVID-19\" finding at PET/CT."}, {"pmid": 32233641, "title": "Network pharmacology-based analysis of the role of traditional Chinese herbal medicines in the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "authors": ["Yu, Shengwei", "Wang, Junwu", "Shen, Haitao"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233641", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus named COVID-19, which originated in Wuhan, China, has spread to many countries around the world. Currently, no effective medical treatment exists to combat this disease. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) have unique roles in the treatment of viral infections. In this article we analyzed the effectiveness and possible molecular mechanisms of CHM formulas for the prevention of COVID-19. The active ingredients and action targets of CHM formulas were obtained from the TCMSP database. Genes related to severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) were queried on the GeneCards database. The action mechanisms of these genes were predicted using a Gene Ontology (GO)-based functional enrichment and annotation tool and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). CHM formulas played a positive role in preventing COVID-19 and warrant further application. Our research provides new evidence to support the possible value of CHM formulas for the prevention of COVID-19. However, further clinical studies with large sample sizes are required to verify their effectiveness."}, {"pmid": 32501374, "pmcid": "PMC7245288", "title": "COVID-19 spreading in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Do the policies of social isolation really work?", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Crokidakis, Nuno"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501374", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent Coronavirus has been spreading through all the world fastly. In this work we focus on the evolution of the COVID-19 in one of the most populous Brazilian states, namely the Rio de Janeiro state. The first case was reported in March 5, 2020, thus we have a considerable amount of available data to make a good analysis. We study the dynamics of COVID-19 through a Susceptible-Infectious-Quarantined-Recovered (SIQR) model with an additional mechanism that represents the implementation of public policies of social isolation. Based on the data collected from the Rio de Janeiro state Department of Health from March 5, 2020 through April 26, 2020, we observed that the implementation of social distancing policies changed the initial exponential growth to a sub-exponential one. The SIQR model with the above-mentioned mechanism is capable of reproducing the data of confirmed cases in Rio de Janeiro, and it explains how that change occurred. The model also predicts an important mitigation effect, namely the flattening effect, i.e., the considerably decrease of the maximum number of confirmed cases. Through the results of the model, this effect can be directly related to the social isolation policies. Finally, we consider the relaxation of such policies, and discuss about the ideal period of time to release people to return to their activities."}, {"pmid": 32441373, "pmcid": "PMC7267127", "title": "Will teledermatology be the silver lining during and after COVID-19?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Sharma, Aseem", "Jindal, Veenu", "Singla, Palvi", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Mhatre, Madhulika"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441373", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has limited traditional consultation and minimized health care access. Teledermatology (TD) has come to the rescue in this situation by extending consultation for nonessential conditions to the comfort of patient's homes. This limits the risk of exposure of both doctors and patients to the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). And while there is a reported increase in teleconsultations during the ongoing pandemic, there are some demerits that avert the shift to virtualized health care. The authors conducted an online survey to further understand the hesitancy, limitations, merits, and the demographic of dermatologists who were conducive to TD and these data were analyzed and presented in this article. While TD might never replace physical consultation, it definitely serves an adjunctive role in the post-COVID era, provided adequate regulatory measures are in place."}, {"pmid": 32348025, "pmcid": "PMC7267564", "title": "Skull base surgery during the Covid-19 pandemic: The Italian skull base society recommendations.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Castelnuovo, Paolo", "Turri-Zanoni, Mario", "Karligkiotis, Apostolos", "Battaglia, Paolo", "Pozzi, Fabio", "Locatelli, Davide on behalf of the Italian Skull Base Society Board", "Bernucci, Claudio", "Iacoangeli, Maurizio", "Krengli, Marco", "Marchetti, Marcello", "Pareschi, Roberto", "Pompucci, Angelo", "Rabbiosi, Dimitri"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348025", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), is highly contagious with devastating impacts for healthcare systems worldwide. Medical staff are at high risk of viral contamination and it is imperative to know what personal protective equipment is appropriate for each situation. Furthermore, elective clinics and operations have been reduced in order to mobilize manpower to the acute specialties combatting the outbreak; appropriate differentiation between patients who require immediate care and those who can receive telephone consultation or whose treatment might viably be postponed is therefore crucial. Italy was one of the earliest and hardest-hit European countries and therefore the Italian Skull Base Society board has promulgated specific recommendations based on consensus best practices and the literature, where available. Only urgent surgical operations are recommended and all patients should be tested at least twice (on days 4 and 2 prior to surgery). For positive patients, procedures should be postponed until after swab test negativization. If the procedure is vital to the survival of the patient, FFP3 and/or PAPRs devices, goggles, full-face visor, double gloves, water-resistant gowns and protective caps, are mandatory. For negative patients, use of at least FFP2 mask is recommended. In all cases the use of drills, which promote the aerosolization of potentially infected mucous particles, should be avoided. Given the potential neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2, dura handling should be minimized. It is only through widely-agreed protocols and teamwork that we will be able to deal with the evolving and complex implications of this new pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32439516, "pmcid": "PMC7234954", "title": "COVID-19 Lessons: The Alignment of Palliative Medicine and Trauma-Informed Care.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Brown, Chelsea", "Peck, Sarah", "Humphreys, Jessi", "Schoenherr, Laura", "Saks, Naomi Tzril", "Sumser, Bridget", "Elia, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439516", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic wears on, its psychological, emotional, and existential toll continues to grow and indeed may now rival the physical suffering caused by the illness. Patients, caregivers, and health-care workers are particularly at risk for trauma responses and would be well served by trauma-informed care practices to minimize both immediate and long-term psychological distress. Given the significant overlap between the core tenets of trauma-informed care and accepted guidelines for the provision of quality palliative care (PC), PC teams are particularly well poised to both incorporate such practices into routine care and to argue for their integration across health systems. We outline this intersection to highlight the uniquely powerful role PC teams can play to reduce the long-term psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32505722, "title": "Response Letter: Radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumopathy.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Kirsch, David G", "Diehn, Maximilian", "Cucinotta, Francis A", "Weichselbaum, Ralph"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505722", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424062, "pmcid": "PMC7242867", "title": "Can China's 'standard of care' for COVID-19 be replicated in Europe?", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Raposo, Vera Lucia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424062", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Director-General of the WHO has suggested that China's approach to the COVID-19 crisis could be the standard of care for global epidemics. However, as remarkable as the Chinese strategy might be, it cannot be replicated in other countries and certainly not in Europe. In Europe, there is a distribution of power between the European Union and its member states. In contrast, China's political power is concentrated in the central government. This enables it to take immediate measures that affect the entire country, such as massive quarantines or closing borders. Moreover, the Chinese legal framework includes restrictions on privacy and other human rights that are unknown in Europe. In addition, China has the technological power to easily impose such restrictions. In most European countries, that would be science fiction. These conditions have enabled China to combat epidemics like no other country can. However, the WHO might have been overoptimistic. The Chinese standard of care for treating COVID-19 also raises problematic issues for human rights, and the real consequences of these actions remain to be seen."}, {"pmid": 32303734, "title": "Antibody tests suggest that coronavirus infections vastly exceed official counts.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303734", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437696, "pmcid": "PMC7207119", "title": "Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of 421 Patients With COVID-19 Treated in a Mobile Cabin Hospital.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Xiong, Zhongwei", "Xin, Can", "Yan, Xixi", "Cai, Yuankun", "Zhou, Keyao", "Xie, Chuanshun", "Zhang, Tingbao", "Wu, Xiaohui", "Liu, Kui", "Li, Zhiqiang", "Wang, Wei", "Chen, Jincao"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437696", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus-associated pneumonia, now known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first detected in Wuhan, China. To prevent the rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and treat patients with mild symptoms, sports stadiums and convention centers were reconstructed into mobile hospitals. It is unknown whether a mobile cabin hospital can provide a safe treatment site for patients with mild COVID-19 symptoms. This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 421 patients with COVID-19 admitted to a mobile cabin hospital in Wuhan from February 9, 2020, to March 5, 2020. Clinical data comprised patient age, sex, clinical presentation, chest imaging, nucleic acid testing, length of hospitalization, and outcomes. Of the patients who were discharged from the cabin hospital, 362 (86.0%) were categorized as recovered; 14.0%\u00a0developed severe symptoms and were transferred to a designated hospital. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (60.6%) and cough (52.0%); 5.2%\u00a0exhibited no obvious symptoms. High fever (> 39.0\u00b0C) was more common in severe cases than in recovered cases (18.6%\u00a0vs\u00a06.6%). The distribution of lung lesions was peripheral in 85.0%\u00a0of patients, multifocal in 69.4%, and bilateral in 68.2%. The most common pattern was ground-glass opacity (67.7%), followed by patchy shadowing (49.2%). The incidence of patchy shadowing was higher in patients with severe disease (66.1%) than in those who recovered (31.8%, P\u00a0< .0001). The median length of hospitalization was 17\u00a0days (interquartile range, 14-19\u00a0days), and the median time taken for positive real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction results to become negative in recovered patients was 8\u00a0days (interquartile range, 6-10\u00a0days). Mobile cabin hospitals provide a safe treatment site for patients with mild COVID-19 symptoms and offer an effective isolation area to prevent the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02."}, {"pmid": 32352485, "title": "How Dermatologists Can Learn and Contribute at the Leading Edge of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Dermatol", "authors": ["Madigan, Lauren M", "Micheletti, Robert G", "Shinkai, Kanade"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352485", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524220, "title": "Association of \"initial CT\" findings with mortality in older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Yan", "Yang, Zhenlu", "Ai, Tao", "Wu, Shandong", "Xia, Liming"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524220", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the association of chest CT findings with mortality in clinical management of older patients. From January 21 to February 14, 2020, 98 older patients (\u2265\u200960\u00a0years) who had undergone chest CT scans (\"initial CT\") on admission were enrolled. Manifestation and CT score were compared between the death group and the survival group. In each group, patients were sub-grouped based on the time interval between symptom onset and the \"initial CT\" scan: subgroup1 (interval \u2264\u20095\u00a0days), subgroup2 (interval between 6 and 10\u00a0days), and subgroup3 (interval >\u200910\u00a0days). Adjusted ROC curve after adjustment for age and gender was applied. Consolidations on CT images were more common in the death group (n\u00a0=\u200946) than in the survival group (n\u00a0=\u200952) (53.2% vs 32.0%, p\u00a0<\u20090.001). For subgroup1 and subgroup2, a higher mean CT score was found for the death group (33.0\u2009\u00b1\u200917.1 vs 12.9\u2009\u00b1\u20098.7, p\u00a0<\u20090.001; 38.8\u2009\u00b1\u200912.3 vs 24.3\u2009\u00b1\u200911.9, p\u00a0=\u20090.002, respectively) and no significant difference of CT score was identified with respect to subgroup3 (p\u00a0=\u20090.144). In subgroup1, CT score of 14.5 with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 77.3% for the prediction of mortality was an optimal cutoff value, with an adjusted AUC of 0.881. In subgroup2, CT score of 27.5 with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 70.6% for the prediction of mortality was an optimal cutoff value, with an adjusted AUC of 0.895. \"Initial CT\" scores may be useful to speculate prognosis and stratify patients. Severe manifestation on CT at an early stage may indicate poor prognosis for older patients with COVID-19. \u2022 Severe manifestation on CT at an early stage may indicate poor prognosis for older patients with COVID-19. \u2022 Radiologists should pay attention to the time interval between symptom onsets and CT scans of patients with COVID-19. \u2022 Consolidations on CT images were more common in death patients than in survival patients."}, {"pmid": 32425731, "pmcid": "PMC7229921", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic perception in adults with celiac disease: an impulse to implement the use of telemedicine: COVID-19 and CeD.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Siniscalchi, Monica", "Zingone, Fabiana", "Savarino, Edoardo Vincenzo", "D'Odorico, Anna", "Ciacci, Carolina"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425731", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes severe complications and deaths all over the world. COVID-19 also has indirect effects from the lockdown and the possible lack of food. We aimed to evaluate the perception of this in Celiac Disease (CeD) patients who require a lifelong gluten-free diet as a therapy. We invited by e-mail CeD adult patients from the University of Salerno (Campania, South Italy) and the University of Padua (Veneto, North Italy) to answer an ad hoc COVID-19 survey. We sent the web survey to 651 email addresses and we received 276 answers (42,4%). CeD patients did not feel more vulnerable because they had CeD (not at all 56.6%)and they did not worry much about the possible shortness of gluten-free food during the epidemic(not at all 48.5%)The most worried were the elderly patients, patients with other comorbidities and females. Finally, CeD patients were happy with remote consultations and explicitly asked to have them. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted a proportion of patients with CeD; in particular, women, elderly patients, patients with other comorbidities. COVID-19, although a challenging experience from the medical and the psychological point of view, has offered an opportunity to practice, on a large-scale, a remote consultation approach for CeD healthcare."}, {"pmid": 32423754, "pmcid": "PMC7200340", "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac CT.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr", "authors": ["Blankstein, Ron"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423754", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392093, "title": "Risk Corridors, COVID-19, And The ACA.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Keith, Katie"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392093", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Supreme Court holds that the government owes insurers the full risk corridors payments due under the Affordable Care Act."}, {"pmid": 32436422, "title": "Men and COVID-19: Adding a gender lens.", "journal": "Glob Public Health", "authors": ["Betron, Myra", "Gottert, Ann", "Pulerwitz, Julie", "Shattuck, Dominick", "Stevanovic-Fenn, Natacha"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this commentary, the authors point out that there are important gender determinants to both men's and women's vulnerabilities to COVID-19, and call on the global health community to unpack and address these early in the COVID-19 pandemic response. They point to best practices and tools from two decades of engaging men in research and programming in the sexual and reproductive health field."}, {"pmid": 32242347, "pmcid": "PMC7131899", "title": "Out-of-Hospital Cohort Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients with Mild Symptoms in Korea: an Experience from a Single Community Treatment Center.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Park, Peong Gang", "Kim, Chang Hyup", "Heo, Yoon", "Kim, Tae Suk", "Park, Chan Woo", "Kim, Choong Hyo"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242347", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a worldwide pandemic. Less than 6 weeks after the first confirmed cases in Korea, the patient number exceeded 5,000, which overcrowded limited hospital resources and forced confirmed patients to stay at home. To allocate medical resources efficiently, Korea implemented a novel institution for the purpose of treating patients with cohort isolation out of hospital, namely the Community Treatment Center (CTC). Herein, we report results of the initial management of patients at one of the largest CTC in Korea. A total of 309 patients were admitted to our CTC. During the first two weeks, 7 patients were transferred to the hospital because of symptom aggravation and 107 patients were discharged without any complication. Although it is a novel concept and may have some limitations, CTC may be a very cost-effective and resource-saving strategy in managing massive cases of COVID-19 or other emerging infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32333248, "pmcid": "PMC7180653", "title": "Updated diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in children: experts' consensus statement (condensed version of the second edition).", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Shen, Kun-Ling", "Yang, Yong-Hong", "Jiang, Rong-Meng", "Wang, Tian-You", "Zhao, Dong-Chi", "Jiang, Yi", "Lu, Xiao-Xia", "Jin, Run-Ming", "Zheng, Yue-Jie", "Xu, Bao-Ping", "Xie, Zheng-De", "Liu, Zhi-Sheng", "Li, Xing-Wang", "Lin, Li-Kai", "Shang, Yun-Xiao", "Shu, Sai-Nan", "Bai, Yan", "Lu, Min", "Lu, Gen", "Deng, Ji-Kui", "Luo, Wan-Jun", "Xiong, Li-Juan", "Liu, Miao", "Cui, Yu-Xia", "Ye, Le-Ping", "Li, Jia-Fu", "Shao, Jian-Bo", "Gao, Li-Wei", "Wang, Yong-Yan", "Wang, Xue-Feng"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333248", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the early February, 2020, we called up an experts' committee with more than 30 Chinese experts from 11 national medical academic organizations to formulate the first edition of consensus statement on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children, which has been published in this journal. With accumulated experiences in the\u00a0diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in children, we have updated the consensus statement and released the second edition recently. The current version in English is a condensed version of the second edition of consensus statement on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in children.\u00a0In the current version,\u00a0diagnosis and treatement criteria have been optimized, and early identification of severe and critical cases is highlighted. The early warning indicators for severe pediatric\u00a0cases have been summarized which is utmost important for clinical practice. This version of experts consensus will be valuable for better prevention, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in children worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32360205, "pmcid": "PMC7181975", "title": "What do surgeons need to know about the digestive disorders and paraclinical abnormalities induced by COVID-19?", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Gornet, J-M", "Tran Minh, M L", "Leleu, F", "Hassid, D"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360205", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The symptoms associated with COVID-19 are mainly characterized by a triad composed of fever, dry cough and dyspnea. However, digestive symptoms have also been reported. At first considered as infrequent, they in fact seem to affect more than half of patients. The symptoms mainly include anorexia, diarrhea, nausea and/or vomiting and abdominal pain. Even though prognosis is associated with lung injury, digestive symptoms seem significantly more frequent in patients presenting with severe COVID-19 infection. Digestive presentations, which may be isolated or which can precede pulmonary symptoms, have indeed been reported, with diarrhea as a leading clinical sign. The main biological abnormalities that can suggest COVID-19 infection at an early stage are lymphopenia, elevated CRP and heightened ASAT transaminases. Thoraco-abdominal scan seems useful as a means of on the one hand ruling out digestive pathology not connected with coronavirus and on the other hand searching for pulmonary images consistent with COVID-19 infection. No data exist on the value of digestive endoscopy in cases of persistent digestive symptoms. Moreover, the endoscopists may themselves be at significant risk of contamination. Fecal-oral transmission of the infection is possible, especially insofar as viral shedding in stools seems frequent and of longer duration than at the ENT level, including in patients with negative throat swab and without digestive symptoms. In some doubtful cases, virologic assessment of stool samples can yield definitive diagnosis. In the event of prolonged viral shedding in stools, a patient's persistent contagiousness is conceivable but not conclusively established. Upcoming serology should enable identification of the patients having been infected by the COVID-19 epidemic, particularly among previously undetected pauci-symptomatic members of a health care staff. Resumption of medico-surgical activity should be the object of a dedicated strategy preceding deconfinement."}, {"pmid": 32100024, "title": "De-isolating COVID-19 Suspect Cases: A Continuing Challenge.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tay, Jun-Yang", "Lim, Poh Lian", "Marimuthu, Kalisvar", "Sadarangani, Sapna Pradip", "Ling, Li Min", "Ang, Brenda Sze Peng", "Chan, Monica", "Leo, Yee-Sin", "Vasoo, Shawn"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100024", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330437, "pmcid": "PMC7165277", "title": "COVID-19: a meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy of commercial assays registered in Brazil.", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Castro, Rodolfo", "Luz, Paula M", "Wakimoto, Mayumi D", "Veloso, Valdilea G", "Grinsztejn, Beatriz", "Perazzo, Hugo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330437", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The accuracy of commercially available tests for COVID-19 in Brazil remains unclear. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis to describe the accuracy of available tests to detect COVID-19 in Brazil. We searched at the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) online platform to describe the pooled sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROC) for detection of IgM/IgG antibodies and for tests using naso/oropharyngeal swabs in the random-effects models. We identified 16 tests registered, mostly rapid-tests. Pooled diagnostic accuracy measures [95%CI] were: (i) for IgM antibodies Se=82% [76-87]; Sp=97% [96-98]; DOR=168 [92-305] and SROC=0.98 [0.96-0.99]; (ii) for IgG antibodies Se=97% [90-99]; Sp=98% [97-99]; DOR=1994 [385-10334] and SROC=0.99 [0.98-1.00]; and (iii) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 by antigen or molecular assays in naso/oropharyngeal swabs Se=97% [85-99]; Sp=99% [77-100]; DOR=2649 [30-233056] and SROC=0.99 [0.98-1.00]. These tests can be helpful for emergency testing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. However, it is important to highlight the high rate of false negative results from tests which detect SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibodies in the initial course of the disease and the scarce evidence-based validation results published in Brazil. Future studies addressing the diagnostic performance of tests for COVID-19 in the Brazilian population are urgently needed."}, {"pmid": 32494911, "pmcid": "PMC7268590", "title": "Modelling Covid-19 under uncertainty: what can we expect?", "journal": "Eur J Health Econ", "authors": ["Wang, Meimei", "Flessa, Steffen"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494911", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526937, "title": "Analysis of the Hosts and Transmission Paths of SARS-CoV-2 in the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Genes (Basel)", "authors": ["Dong, Rui", "Pei, Shaojun", "Yin, Changchuan", "He, Rong Lucy", "Yau, Stephen S-T"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526937", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe respiratory disease COVID-19 was initially reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and spread into many provinces from Wuhan. The corresponding pathogen was soon identified as a novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 (formerly, 2019-nCoV). As of 2 May, 2020, over 3 million COVID-19 cases had been confirmed, and 235,290 deaths had been reported globally, and the numbers are still increasing. It is important to understand the phylogenetic relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and known coronaviruses, and to identify its hosts for preventing the next round of emergency outbreak. In this study, we employ an effective alignment-free approach, the Natural Vector method, to analyze the phylogeny and classify the coronaviruses based on genomic and protein data. Our results show that SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to, but distinct from the SARS-CoV branch. By analyzing the genetic distances from the SARS-CoV-2 strain to the coronaviruses residing in animal hosts, we establish that the most possible transmission path originates from bats to pangolins to humans."}, {"pmid": 32324359, "title": "Diagnostic consideration and bedside estimation of the prognosis in COVID-19 patients", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Korsos, Anita", "Kupcsulik, Szilvia", "Lovas, Andras", "Hankovszky, Peter", "Molnar, Tamas", "Szabo, Zsolt", "Babik, Barna"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324359", "countries": ["China", "Hungary"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown origin occured in Wuhan, China. The identified infective agent is a novel corona virus called \u201csevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\u201d (SARS-CoV-2) and the respiratory disease caused by this agent aquired the name \u201ccoronavirus disease 2019\u201d (COVID-19). In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. We reviewed the international literature regarding the novel coronavirus outbreak. Here below, we focus mainly on the diagnostic issues of COVID-19 and on the estimation of the prognosis. We detail the relevant anamnestic factors and initial examination results which serve as basics for the clinical suspicion of COVID-19. We also focus on the proper method of microbiological sampling and the relevant informations regarding diagnostic tests like the gold standard real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. We also cite the current national epidemiologic regulations of testing for novel coronavirus. In the last section, we emphasize the importance and the potential way of early identification of high-risk patients. The COVID-19 pandemic may cause substantial epidemiological and healthcare burden even in Hungary. In addition to the epidemiologic interventions aiming the deceleration of the outbreak, the early identification and the correct hospital treatment remain key issues since these may influence mortality. The chances of the critically ill patients could be improved solely by a high-quality and careful critical care. It is prudent to meet the experiences of colleagues working hard with these patients in the already heavily infected countries. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 667\u2013671."}, {"pmid": 32413819, "pmcid": "PMC7204679", "title": "Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK Biobank.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Hastie, Claire E", "Mackay, Daniel F", "Ho, Frederick", "Celis-Morales, Carlos A", "Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal", "Niedzwiedz, Claire L", "Jani, Bhautesh D", "Welsh, Paul", "Mair, Frances S", "Gray, Stuart R", "O'Donnell, Catherine A", "Gill, Jason Mr", "Sattar, Naveed", "Pell, Jill P"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413819", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 and low levels of vitamin D appear to disproportionately affect black and minority ethnic individuals. We aimed to establish whether blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was associated with COVID-19 risk, and whether it explained the higher incidence of COVID-19 in black and South Asian people. UK Biobank recruited 502,624 participants aged 37-73 years between 2006 and 2010. Baseline exposure data, including 25(OH)D concentration and ethnicity, were linked to COVID-19 test results. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for the association between 25(OH)D and confirmed COVID-19, and the association between ethnicity and both 25(OH)D and COVID-19. Complete data were available for 348,598 UK Biobank participants. Of these, 449 had confirmed COVID-19 infection. Vitamin D was associated with COVID-19 infection univariably (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.99; 95% CI 0.99-0.999; p\u00a0=\u00a00.013), but not after adjustment for confounders (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.00; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.998-1.01; p\u00a0=\u00a00.208). Ethnicity was associated with COVID-19 infection univariably (blacks versus whites OR\u00a0=\u00a05.32, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a03.68-7.70, p-value<0.001; South Asians versus whites OR\u00a0=\u00a02.65, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.65-4.25, p-value<0.001). Adjustment for 25(OH)D concentration made little difference to the magnitude of the association. Our findings do not support a potential link between vitamin D concentrations and risk of COVID-19 infection, nor that vitamin D concentration may explain ethnic differences in COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32313884, "pmcid": "PMC7164919", "title": "COVID-19 complicated by Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Right-Sided Heart Failure.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Ullah, Waqas", "Saeed, Rehan", "Sarwar, Usman", "Patel, Rajesh", "Fischman, David L"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313884", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A patient with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) developed sudden shortness of breath and hypoxia. She was diagnosed with a massive pulmonary embolism (PE) complicated by right sided heart failure, which was successfully managed conservatively. This marks the first report of COVID-19 induced PE in association with acute heart failure."}, {"pmid": 32490854, "title": "A novel liquid biopsy-based approach for highly specific cancer diagnostics: mitigating false responses in assaying patient plasma-derived circulating microRNAs through combined SERS and plasmon-enhanced fluorescence analyses.", "journal": "Analyst", "authors": ["Masterson, Adrianna N", "Liyanage, Thakshila", "Berman, Claire", "Kaimakliotis, Hristos", "Johnson, Merrell", "Sardar, Rajesh"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490854", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Studies have shown that microRNAs, which are small noncoding RNAs, hold tremendous promise as next-generation circulating biomarkers for early cancer detection via liquid biopsies. A novel, solid-state nanoplasmonic sensor capable of assaying circulating microRNAs through a combined surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF) approach has been developed. Here, the unique localized surface plasmon resonance properties of chemically-synthesized gold triangular nanoprisms (Au TNPs) are utilized to create large SERS and PEF enhancements. With careful modification to the surface of Au TNPs, this sensing approach is capable of quantifying circulating microRNAs at femtogram/microliter concentrations. Uniquely, the multimodal analytical methods mitigate both false positive and false negative responses and demonstrate the high stability of our sensors within bodily fluids. As a proof of concept, microRNA-10b and microRNA-96 were directly assayed from the plasma of six bladder cancer patients. Results show potential for a highly specific liquid biopsy method that could be used in point-of-care clinical diagnostics to increase early cancer detection or any other diseases including SARS-CoV-2 in which RNAs can be used as biomarkers."}, {"pmid": 32253178, "title": "Covid-19 and the rise of racism.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Coates, Melanie"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253178", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431255, "pmcid": "PMC7267055", "title": "Principles of mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kuzman, Martina Rojnic", "Curkovic, Marko", "Wasserman, Danuta"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431255", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the basic principles of mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic that should be endorsed by the mental health professional associations and incorporated in the health strategies for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main principle is that there should be no substantial differences in the provision of health care for COVID-19 between persons with pre-existing mental health disorders and the ones without previous disorders. Subsequently, the organization of the health care should reflect that as well. These principles should (a) prevent the possible effects of stigmatizing attitudes toward mental health issues, possibly leading to potentially deleterious situations, such as psychiatric patients being treated (even temporarily) separately from other patients, in psychiatric facilities, where the staff is not equipped and trained adequately for the management of COVID-19; (b) highlight the fact that patients with mental health disorders are at greater risk for developing serious complications of COVID-19 infection due to other factors-they often smoke and have comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, all associated with higher morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection; (c) highlight that measures should be taken to minimize the risk of the spread of infection in psychiatric wards/institutions; (d) provide a general framework for the reorganization of mental health services toward the provision of services for persons in need, including frontline medical workers and patients with COVID-19 without previous mental health problems as well as for persons with pre-existing mental health problems under new circumstances of pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32442530, "pmcid": "PMC7237179", "title": "Critically ill patients with COVID-19 in New York City.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Grasselli, Giacomo", "Zanella, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442530", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509286, "pmcid": "PMC7242881", "title": "Beyond handwashing: Water insecurity undermines COVID-19 response in developing areas.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Stoler, Justin", "Jepson, Wendy E", "Wutich, Amber"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509286", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401466, "title": "Remdesivir", "journal": "Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)", "date": "2020-05-14T11:01:00Z", "_id": "32401466", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null}]