[{"pmid": 32386966, "pmcid": "PMC7194633", "title": "The blood supply management amid the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Transfus Clin Biol", "authors": ["Raturi, M", "Kusum, A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386966", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the government's early intervention such as mass lockdown and curtailment strategies towards mass gatherings, amid the COVID-19 outbreak, the organization of the voluntary blood donation camps have been suspended. It's most significant impact on the blood community has been a dramatic decrease in the number of blood donors. Therefore, our blood stock has almost dried up and put our inventory in a state of jeopardy. Additionally, all the elective surgeries and non-urgent clinical interventions have also been deferred during this time. This has led to a drop in the blood collection, demand as well as the issue at our blood center. With this backdrop, we intended to assess the effect of this mass lockdown on our blood supply management, particularly in two phases [phase-I prior to the outbreak] and phase-II [during the outbreak]. Transitioning back to the normal conditions would most likely depend on the extent and the time duration of this pandemic and associated behavioural change, which is foreseen to remain in effect well beyond the original estimates."}, {"pmid": 32462497, "pmcid": "PMC7251322", "title": "Rapid guide to the management of cardiac patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt: \"a position statement of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology\".", "journal": "Egypt Heart J", "authors": ["Shaheen, Sameh", "Awwad, Omar", "Shokry, Khalid", "Abdel-Hamid, Magdy", "El-Etriby, Adel", "Hasan-Ali, Hsam", "Shawky, Islam", "Magdy, Ahmad", "Nasr, Gamila", "Kabil, Hamza", "Elhadidy, Amr", "Zaki, Mohamad", "Hegab, Ahmad"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462497", "countries": ["Egypt"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic poses an enormous challenge to healthcare system in Egypt. This document is a position statement from the Egyptian Society of Cardiology. It aims to provide information to cardiovascular healthcare providers in Egypt to guarantee delivery of quality patient care and ensure adequate levels of protection against infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Older patients and those with cardiovascular disease are at higher risk of mortality. The current situation requires unusual allocation of resources which may negatively impact the care of patients with cardiovascular disease. Cardiologists should be prepared in the COVID-19 pandemic. The challenge is in providing the best quality of care despite limited resources while keeping all medical staff as safe as possible. Consider deferring elective procedures whenever possible. All medical staff should undergo rigorous training on infection control and the use of high-quality personal protection equipment. Cardiologists should promote telemedicine in the outpatient setting, prioritize outpatient contacts, and avoid nosocomial dissemination of the virus to patients and healthcare providers. A much conservative approach for emergent cardiac patients is recommended, and invasive interventions are reserved for high risk hemodynamically unstable patients. During the pandemic, the most important principles of treatment should be controlling the spread of infection as the first priority, prompt assessment of patient risk, recommending conservative medical therapy rather than invasive interventions, and strict infection control measures to limit infection spread within the hospital and to healthcare workers."}, {"pmid": 32435809, "title": "Racial demographics and COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths: a correlational analysis of 2886 US counties.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Mahajan, Uma V", "Larkins-Pettigrew, Margaret"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435809", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent news reports state that racial minority groups, such as African-Americans, are experiencing a greater COVID-19 burden, as measured by confirmed cases and deaths. Limited racial data is available on a national level. We conducted the first nationwide analysis to examine COVID-19 and race on a county level. We obtained datasets on COVID-19 cases and deaths, and racial population totals, by US county. We examined if correlations exist between the racial percentages and percentages of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths by county. A positive correlation existed between percentages of African-Americans living in a county and who have COVID-19 (r\u00a0=\u00a00.254, P\u00a0<\u00a00.0001), who have died from COVID-19 (r\u00a0=\u00a00.268, P\u00a0<\u00a00.0001), and case mortality (r\u00a0=\u00a00.055, P\u00a0=\u00a00.003). Positive correlations also existed between percentages of Asian-Americans living in counties and these factors. Negative correlations existed between percentages of Whites living in counties and these factors. A weak, albeit very significant, positive relationship exists between the percentage of African-Americans living in a county and the percentage of COVID-19 confirmed cases, confirmed deaths and case mortality in the county. This is in support of many city and statewide analyses, and we urge for targeted resources towards work that further examine these racial associations."}, {"pmid": 32462841, "title": "[Obesity and risk of severe COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Scheen, Andre J"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462841", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Obesity represents a higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection, which may lead to the requirement of a mechanical ventilation in intensive care units and premature death. The underlying mechanisms are multiple: alteration of the respiratory performance, presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension or obstructive sleep apnea, finally inadequate and excessive immunological responses, possibly aggravated by ectopic intrathoracic fat depots. Thus, COVID-19 may challenge the so-called \u00ab\u2005obesity paradox\u2005\u00bb commonly reported by intensivists in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. These findings require reinforced preventive and curative measures among obese patients to limit the risk of progression towards an unfavorable outcome in case of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32462929, "title": "Psychosocial Stress Contagion in Children and Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Pediatr (Phila)", "authors": ["Liu, Cindy H", "Doan, Stacey N"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462929", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525867, "title": "Towards a better world after COVID-19.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Bagshaw, Phil", "Bagshaw, Sue"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525867", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436847, "title": "CT findings of COVID-19 in follow-up: comparison between progression and recovery.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Guan, Chun-Shuang", "Wei, Lian-Gui", "Xie, Ru-Ming", "Lv, Zhi-Bin Department Of Radiology Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China", "Yan, Shuo", "Zhang, Zi-Xin", "Chen, Bu-Dong"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436847", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to retrospectively analyze the imaging changes detected in the follow-up of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients on thin-section computed tomography (CT). We included 54 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The mean interval between the initial and follow-up CT scans was 7.82\u00b13.74 days. Patients were divided into progression and recovery groups according to their outcomes. We evaluated CT images in terms of distribution of lesions and imaging manifestations. The manifestations included ground-glass opacity (GGO), crazy-paving pattern, consolidation, irregular line, and air bronchogram sign. COVID-19 lesions showed mainly subpleural distribution, which was accompanied by bronchovascular bundle distribution in nearly 30% of the patients. The lower lobes of both lungs were the most commonly involved. In the follow-up, the progression group showed more involvement of the upper lobe of the left lung than the recovery group. GGO was the most common sign. As the disease progressed, round GGO decreased and patchy GGO increased. On follow-up CT, consolidation increased in the progression group while decreasing in the recovery group. Air bronchogram sign was more commonly observed at the initial examination (90.9%) than at follow-up (30%) in the recovery group, but there was no significant change in the progression group. Pleural effusion and lymphadenopathy were absent in the initial examination, but pleural effusion was observed in three cases after follow-up. As COVID-19 progressed, round GGOs tended to evolve into patchy GGOs, consolidation increased, and pleural effusion could be occasionally observed. As COVID-19 resolved, the crazy-paving pattern and air bronchogram significantly decreased."}, {"pmid": 32364597, "title": "Ophthalmology After Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Transition Back to Patient Care.", "journal": "JAMA Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Parke, David W 2nd"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364597", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456750, "title": "Hospital infection and COVID-19: Do not put all your eggs on the \"swab\" tests.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Chirico, Francesco", "Nucera, Gabriella", "Magnavita, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456750", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364846, "title": "COVID-19 Emergency and the Need to Speed Up the Adoption of Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes in Cancer Clinical Practice.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Marandino, Laura", "Necchi, Andrea", "Aglietta, Massimo", "Di Maio, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364846", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360811, "pmcid": "PMC7191273", "title": "Incidence and Patterns of COVID-19 Among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients From the Nancy and Milan Cohorts.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Allocca, Mariangela", "Fiorino, Gionata", "Zallot, Camille", "Furfaro, Federica", "Gilardi, Daniela", "Radice, Simona", "Danese, Silvio", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360811", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first cases of COVID-19 infection were reported in December, 2019, in Wuhan, China. Italy (in particular Lombardy) and France (in particular Northeast) have been gravely hit. Both physicians and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are deeply concerned that immunosuppressants or biologics may increase the risk of COVID-19 infection. IOIBD has put in place an international registry, SECURE-IBD, for tracking all the cases with IBDs infected by COVID-19 (SECURE-IBD registry: http://www.covidibd.org). It will describe the outcomes of infected patients and the association between IBD-related medications and these outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32344422, "title": "Performing Bronchoscopy in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practice Statement from an International Expert Panel.", "journal": "Respiration", "authors": ["Luo, Fengming", "Darwiche, Kaid", "Singh, Suveer", "Torrego, Alfonso", "Steinfort, Daniel P", "Gasparini, Stefano", "Liu, Dan", "Zhang, Wei", "Fernandez-Bussy, Sebastian", "Herth, Felix J F", "Shah, Pallav L"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "These recommendations for physicians who perform bronchoscopy will help to protect those patients (un)-affected by the current COVID-19 pandemic, minimize the risk of transmission, and maintain clinical care for all patients."}, {"pmid": 32292212, "pmcid": "PMC7152864", "title": "Photopolarimetrical properties of coronavirus model particles: spike proteins number influence.", "journal": "J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transf", "authors": ["Petrov, Dmitry"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292212", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus virions have spherical shape surrounded by spike proteins. The coronavirus spike proteins are very effective molecular mechanisms, which provide the coronavirus entrance to the host cell. The number of these spikes is different; it dramatically depends on external conditions and determines the degree of danger of the virus. A larger number of spike proteins makes the virus infectivity stronger. This paper describes a mathematical model of the shape of coronavirus virions. Based on this model, the characteristics of light scattered by the coronavirus virions were calculated. It was found two main features of coronavirus model particles in the spectral region near 200nm: a minimum of intensity and a sharp leap of the linear polarization degree. The effect of the spike protein number on the intensity and polarization properties of the scattered light was studied. It was determined that when the number of spike proteins decreases, both the intensity minimum and the position of the linear polarization leap shift to shorter wavelengths. This allows us to better evaluate the shape of the coronavirus virion, and, therefore, the infectious danger of the virus. It was shown that the shorter the wavelength of scattered light, the more reliably one can distinguish viruses from non-viruses. The developed model and the light scattering simulations based on it can be applied not only to coronaviruses, but also to other objects of a similar structure, for example, pollen."}, {"pmid": 32423293, "title": "Management of Adult Inpatient Otolaryngologic Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Proposed Tier-Based Triage System.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Hussaini, Adnan S", "Clark, Christine M", "Patel, Atur A", "Russo, Mark E", "Chia, Stanley H", "Davidson, Bruce J", "Malekzadeh, Sonya"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed tremendous strain on health care systems, leading to unprecedented challenges and obstacles in the delivery of patient care. Otolaryngologists are frequently called on for inpatient consultations for an array of pathologies, ranging from chronic benign conditions to acutely life-threatening processes. Professional otolaryngologic societies across the world have proposed limiting patient care to time-sensitive and urgent matters; however, limited literature is available to describe how this transient change in philosophy may translate to clinical practice. Here we present a structured algorithm that allows for rapid triage of otolaryngologic consults during the ongoing pandemic, in efforts to minimize infectious spread and protect clinicians while preserving high-quality patient care. Considerations for managing these consults are presented, with a commentary on practical and ethical considerations."}, {"pmid": 32180140, "pmcid": "PMC7091281", "title": "Clinical features of pediatric patients with COVID-19: a report of two family cluster cases.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Ji, Li-Na", "Chao, Shuang", "Wang, Yue-Jiao", "Li, Xue-Jun", "Mu, Xiang-Dong", "Lin, Ming-Gui", "Jiang, Rong-Meng"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32180140", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronovirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has\u00a0spread rapidly\u00a0across the globe. People of all ages are susceptible to COVID-19. However, literature reports on pediatric patients are limited. To improve the recognition of COVID-19 infection in children, we retrospectively reviewed two confirmed pediatric cases from two family clusters. Both clinical features and laboratory examination\u00a0results of the children and their family members were described. The two confirmed children only presented with mild respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. Both of them\u00a0had normal chest CT images. After general and symptomatic treatments, both children\u00a0recovered quickly. Both families had travel histories to Hubei Province. Pediatric patients with COVID-19 are mostly owing to family cluster or with a close contact history. Infected children have relatively milder clinical symptoms than infected adults. We should attach importance to early recognition, early diagnosis, and early treatment of infected children."}, {"pmid": 32398560, "title": "COVID-19 Non-Essential Surgery Restrictions and Spine Surgery: A German Experience.", "journal": "Spine (Phila Pa 1976)", "authors": ["Mehta, Ankit I", "Chiu, Ryan G"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398560", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330297, "pmcid": "PMC7264525", "title": "Optimization of group size in pool testing strategy for SARS-CoV-2: A simple mathematical model.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Aragon-Caqueo, Diego", "Fernandez-Salinas, Javier", "Laroze, David"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330297", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has reached unprecedented pandemic levels and is affecting almost every country in the world. Ramping up the testing capacity of a country supposes an essential public health response to this new outbreak. A pool testing strategy where multiple samples are tested in a single reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kit could potentially increase a country's testing capacity. The aim of this study is to propose a simple mathematical model to estimate the optimum number of pooled samples according to the relative prevalence of positive tests in a particular healthcare context, assuming that if a group tests negative, no further testing is done whereas if a group tests positive, all the subjects of the group are retested individually. The model predicts group sizes that range from 11 to 3 subjects. For a prevalence of 10% of positive tests, 40.6% of tests can be saved using testing groups of four subjects. For a 20% prevalence, 17.9% of tests can be saved using groups of three subjects. For higher prevalences, the strategy flattens and loses effectiveness. Pool testing individuals for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a valuable strategy that could considerably boost a country's testing capacity. However, further studies are needed to address how large these groups can be, without losing sensitivity on the RT-PCR. The strategy best works in settings with a low prevalence of positive tests. It is best implemented in subgroups with low clinical suspicion. The model can be adapted to specific prevalences, generating a tailored to the context implementation of the pool testing strategy."}, {"pmid": 32369205, "pmcid": "PMC7267495", "title": "Individualized prediction nomograms for disease progression in mild COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Huang, Jiaofeng", "Cheng, Aiguo", "Lin, Su", "Zhu, Yueyong", "Chen, Gongping"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369205", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into a pandemic rapidly. The majority of COVID-19 patients are with mild syndromes. This study aimed to develop models for predicting disease progression in mild cases. The risk factors for the requirement of oxygen support in mild COVID-19 were explored using multivariate logistic regression. Nomogram as visualization of the models was developed using R software. A total of 344 patients with mild COVID-19 were included in the final analysis, 45 of whom progressed and needed high-flow oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation after admission. There were 188 (54.7%) males, and the average age of the cohort was 52.9\u2009\u2009\u00b1\u200916.8 years. When the laboratory data were not included in multivariate analysis, diabetes, coronary heart disease, T\u2009\u2009\u2009\u2265\u2009\u200938.5\u2103 and sputum were independent risk factors of progressive COVID-19 (Model 1). When the blood routine test was included the CHD, T\u2009\u2265\u200938.5\u2103 and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were found to be independent predictors (Model 2). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of model 2 was larger than model 1 (0.872 vs 0.849, P\u2009=\u2009.023). The negative predictive value of both models was greater than 96%, indicating they could serve as simple tools for ruling out the possibility of disease progression. In conclusion, two models comprised common symptoms (fever and sputum), underlying diseases (diabetes and coronary heart disease) and blood routine test are developed for predicting the future requirement of oxygen support in mild COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32181302, "pmcid": "PMC7063124", "title": "Application of the ARIMA model on the COVID-2019 epidemic dataset.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Benvenuto, Domenico", "Giovanetti, Marta", "Vassallo, Lazzaro", "Angeletti, Silvia", "Ciccozzi, Massimo"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181302", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) has been recognized as a global threat, and several studies are being conducted using various mathematical models to predict the probable evolution of this epidemic. These mathematical models based on various factors and analyses are subject to potential bias. Here, we propose a simple econometric model that could be useful to predict the spread of COVID-2019. We performed Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model prediction on the Johns Hopkins epidemiological data to predict the epidemiological trend of the prevalence and incidence of COVID-2019. For further comparison or for future perspective, case definition and data collection have to be maintained in real time."}, {"pmid": 32071443, "title": "Scientists fear coronavirus spread in countries least able to contain it.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32071443", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406551, "pmcid": "PMC7272803", "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the utilization of emergency urological services.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Madanelo, M", "Ferreira, C", "Nunes-Carneiro, D", "Pinto, A", "Rocha, M A", "Correia, J", "Teixeira, B", "Mendes, G", "Tavares, C", "Mesquita, S", "Fraga, A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406551", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare the number of patients attending the Urology ED of Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto (CHUP), as well as their demographic characteristics, the reasons for admission, the clinical severity under the Manchester triage system (MTS), and the need for emergency surgery or hospitalization, during the pandemic and the equivalent period in 2019. Data were collected from patients attending the Urology emergency ward of CHUP during three weeks - from March 11th 2020 to April 1st 2020 - and from the same period the previous year (from March 11th to April 1st 2019). During the pandemic, 46.4% fewer patients visited our urological ED (122 vs 263). There was no significant difference of the mean age or the number of old patients (with 65 or more years old) between the two periods. However, significantly fewer female patients sought emergency urological services during the COVID-19 pandemic period (32.7% vs. 14.8%, p<0.05). No significant differences were noted between different clinical severity groups under the MTS. In 2019, significantly less patients required hospitalization. The most common reasons for admission, during both periods, were hematuria, renal colic and urinary tract infections (UTI). The authors recognize that the study has several limitations, namely, those inherent to its retrospective nature. COVID-19 significantly influenced people's urological care-seeking behaviour. Understanding the present situation is helpful for the prediction of future urological needs. Based on the results of this study, we have reasons to speculate that people's requirements for urological services might grow explosively in the post-COVID-19 period. There should be further studies about the real state of long-term urological services and the consequences that this pandemic may have in terms of morbimortality not directly related to the virus."}, {"pmid": 32407134, "title": "Teaching Public Health Will Never Be the Same.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Abuelezam, Nadia N"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32150748, "pmcid": "PMC7081172", "title": "The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Lauer, Stephen A", "Grantz, Kyra H", "Bi, Qifang", "Jones, Forrest K", "Zheng, Qulu", "Meredith, Hannah R", "Azman, Andrew S", "Reich, Nicholas G", "Lessler, Justin"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32150748", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel human coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in China in December 2019. There is limited support for many of its key epidemiologic features, including the incubation period for clinical disease (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]), which has important implications for surveillance and control activities. To estimate the length of the incubation period of COVID-19 and describe its public health implications. Pooled analysis of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported between 4 January 2020 and 24 February 2020. News reports and press releases from 50 provinces, regions, and countries outside Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Persons with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection outside Hubei province, China. Patient demographic characteristics and dates and times of possible exposure, symptom onset, fever onset, and hospitalization. There were 181 confirmed cases with identifiable exposure and symptom onset windows to estimate the incubation period of COVID-19. The median incubation period was estimated to be 5.1 days (95% CI, 4.5 to 5.8 days), and 97.5% of those who develop symptoms will do so within 11.5 days (CI, 8.2 to 15.6 days) of infection. These estimates imply that, under conservative assumptions, 101 out of every 10\u00a0000 cases (99th percentile, 482) will develop symptoms after 14 days of active monitoring or quarantine. Publicly reported cases may overrepresent severe cases, the incubation period for which may differ from that of mild cases. This work provides additional evidence for a median incubation period for COVID-19 of approximately 5 days, similar to SARS. Our results support current proposals for the length of quarantine or active monitoring of persons potentially exposed to SARS-CoV-2, although longer monitoring periods might be justified in extreme cases. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, and Alexander von Humboldt Foundation."}, {"pmid": 32398273, "title": "RNA genome conservation and secondary structure in SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-related viruses: a first look.", "journal": "RNA", "authors": ["Rangan, Ramya", "Zheludev, Ivan N", "Das, Rhiju"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398273", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 outbreak spreads, there is a growing need for a compilation of conserved RNA genome regions in the SARS-CoV-2 virus along with their structural propensities to guide development of antivirals and diagnostics. Here we present a first look at RNA sequence conservation and structural propensities in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Using sequence alignments spanning a range of betacoronaviruses, we rank genomic regions by RNA sequence conservation, identifying 79 regions of length at least 15 nucleotides as exactly conserved over SARS-related complete genome sequences available near the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. We then confirm the conservation of the majority of these genome regions across 739 SARS-CoV-2 sequences subsequently reported from the COVID-19 outbreak, and we present a curated list of 30 'SARS-related-conserved' regions. We find that known RNA structured elements curated as Rfam families and in prior literature are enriched in these conserved genome regions, and we predict additional conserved, stable secondary structures across the viral genome. We provide 106 'SARS-CoV-2-conserved-structured' regions as potential targets for antivirals that bind to structured RNA. We further provide detailed secondary structure models for the extended 5' UTR, frame-shifting element, and 3' UTR. Last, we predict regions of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome that have low propensity for RNA secondary structure and are conserved within SARS-CoV-2 strains. These 59 'SARS-CoV-2-conserved-unstructured' genomic regions may be most easily targeted in primer-based diagnostic and oligonucleotide-based therapeutic strategies."}, {"pmid": 32376595, "title": "Confusion over CPR in patients with covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Cappuccio, Francesco P"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376595", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318328, "pmcid": "PMC7169934", "title": "D3Targets-2019-nCoV: a webserver for predicting drug targets and for multi-target and multi-site based virtual screening against COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Pharm Sin B", "authors": ["Shi, Yulong", "Zhang, Xinben", "Mu, Kaijie", "Peng, Cheng", "Zhu, Zhengdan", "Wang, Xiaoyu", "Yang, Yanqing", "Xu, Zhijian", "Zhu, Weiliang"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318328", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A highly effective medicine is urgently required to cure coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). For the purpose, we developed a molecular docking based webserver, namely D3Targets-2019-nCoV, with two functions, one is for predicting drug targets for drugs or active compounds observed from clinic or in vitro/in vivo studies, the other is for identifying lead compounds against potential drug targets via docking. This server has its unique features, (1) the potential target proteins and their different conformations involving in the whole process from virus infection to replication and release were included as many as possible; (2) all the potential ligand-binding sites with volume larger than 200 \u00c53 on a protein structure were identified for docking; (3) correlation information among some conformations or binding sites was annotated; (4) it is easily to be updated, and is accessible freely to public (https://www.d3pharma.com/D3Targets-2019-nCoV/index.php). Currently, the webserver contains 42 proteins [20 severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) encoded proteins and 22 human proteins involved in virus infection, replication and release] with 69 different conformations/structures and 557 potential ligand-binding pockets in total. With 6 examples, we demonstrated that the webserver should be useful to medicinal chemists, pharmacologists and clinicians for efficiently discovering or developing effective drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 to cure COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32358880, "pmcid": "PMC7267631", "title": "Head and neck survivorship care in the times of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Huang, Victoria W", "Imam, Sarah A", "Nguyen, Shaun A"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358880", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the arrival of the coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) in the United\u2009States, care practice paradigms have drastically changed. Data from China suggest that the new virus poses additional risks as case fatality of patients with cancer was higher at 5.6% compared to 2.3% of the general population. There are three proposed major strategies to address care for patients with cancer in this SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with postponing treatment for those with stable cancer, increasing personal protection provisions for patients with cancer, and increasing monitoring if a patient becomes infected with SARS-CoV-2. In this present commentary, we discuss the unique mental health challenges and burdens of patients with head and neck cancer in the times of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and approaches to mitigate these stressors through telemedicine to reduce future burdens to the patient and the health care system."}, {"pmid": 32275775, "title": "Management of ovarian cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Mandato, Vincenzo Dario", "Aguzzoli, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275775", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374000, "title": "An update on the status of COVID-19: a comprehensive review.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Zhao, N", "Zhou, Z-L", "Wu, L", "Zhang, X-D", "Han, S-B", "Bao, H-J", "Shu, Y", "Shu, X-G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374000", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The last two decades have witnessed two large-scale pandemics caused by coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). At the end of 2019, another novel coronavirus, designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), hit Wuhan, a city in the center of China, and subsequently spread rapidly to the whole world. Latest reports revealed that more than 800 thousand people in over 200 countries are involved in the epidemic disease by SARS-CoV-2. Due to the high mortality rate and the lack of optimum therapeutics, it is crucial to understand the biological characteristics of the virus and its possible pathogenesis to respond to the SARS-CoV-2. Rapid diagnostics and effective therapeutics are also important interventions for the management of infection control. However, the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 exerted tremendous challenges on its diagnostics and therapeutics. Therefore, there is an urgent need to summarize the existing research results to guide decision-making on the prioritization of resources for research and development. In this review, we focus on our current understanding of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32380875, "title": "Staying connected during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Ng, Qin Xiang", "Chee, Kuan Tsee", "De Deyn, Michelle Lee Zhi Qing", "Chua, Zenn"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380875", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404221, "title": "Covid-19, Mental Health and Psychological First Aid.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Minihan, Elisha", "Gavin, Blanaid", "Kelly, Brendan D", "McNicholas, Fiona"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404221", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Crises such as the global pandemic of Covid-19 (coronavirus) elicit a range of responses from individuals and societies adversely affecting physical and emotional well-being. This article provides an overview of factors elicited in response to Covid-19 and their impact on immunity, physical health, mental health and wellbeing. Certain groups, such as individuals with mental illness, are especially vulnerable, so it is important to maximise the supports available to this population and their families during the pandemic. More broadly, the World Health Organization recommends \"Psychological First Aid\" as a useful technique that can help many people in a time of crisis."}, {"pmid": 32405780, "pmcid": "PMC7220569", "title": "Research Progress of Drug Treatment in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.", "journal": "AAPS PharmSciTech", "authors": ["Yan, Junqiang", "Liu, Anran", "Huang, Jiarui", "Wu, Jiannan", "Fan, Hua"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405780", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 10, 2020, more than 100,000 novel coronavirus pneumonia cases have been confirmed globally. With the continuous spread of the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic in even the world, prevention and treatment of the disease have become urgent tasks. The drugs currently being developed are not adequate to deal with this critical situation. In addition to being controlled through effective isolation, we need a rapid response from the healthcare and biotechnology industries to accelerate drug treatment research. By reviewing the currently available literature published at home and abroad, we summarize the current research progress of drug treatment during the epidemic period. At present, the drugs that can be used for treatment mainly include antiviral drugs, antimalarials, glucocorticoids, plasma therapy, biological agents, and traditional Chinese medicine. The effectiveness and safety of drug therapy need to be confirmed by more clinical studies."}, {"pmid": 32469189, "title": "Early results from telephone follow-up of patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Paskudzka, Diana", "Kolodzinska, Agnieszka", "Cacko, Andrzej", "Stolarz, Przemyslaw", "Lyzwinski, Lukasz", "Opolski, Grzegorz", "Grabowski, Marcin"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469189", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of the SARS-CoV 2 pandemic basic healthcare challenges arise as lockdowns and social isolation are implemented to prevent the spread of the virus. In order to overcome these challenges, the Polish the National Health Fund has facilitated telemedical consultations. The aim of this study was to compare teleconsultations to regular ambulatory clinic of implantable devices (ACIM) visits and to assess whether teleconsultations would be an adequate replacement during a time when face-to-face contact should be limited. Teleconsultations in the ACIM were introduced for patients without the possibility of remote control cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED). Prior to planned visits physicians made phone calls and interviewed the patient about their health. Further treatment decisions were made based on the interview and available documentation. Teleconsultations were performed during a 3.5-week period (13.03.2020 to 01.04.2020). Of the 400 patients planned for visits in the ACIM, 349 were consulted by phone. 299 patients confirmed stable health. 14/349 patients reported some symptoms and 4/349 patients were hospitalized; 2/349 patients changed their primary ACIM and were no longer under our care, 1/349 patient was undergoing quarantine, 15/349 patients required additional intervention and 15 patients had died prior to contact. In general patients gave positive feedback on their teleconsultations. Teleconsultations are a much-needed solution during the COVID-19 pandemic. They are an effective way to decrease interpersonal contact and to overcome sudden changes to the visitation scheme which may otherwise have put an overwhelming burden on the ACIM."}, {"pmid": 32395544, "pmcid": "PMC7210117", "title": "A quality evaluation of guidelines on five different viruses causing public health emergencies of international concern.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Zhao, Siya", "Cao, Jin", "Shi, Qianling", "Wang, Zijun", "Estill, Janne", "Lu, Shuya", "Luo, Xufei", "Zhao, Junxian", "Zhang, Hairong", "Wang, Jianjian", "Wang, Qi", "Xun, Yangqin", "Zhang, Jingyi", "Lv, Meng", "Liu, Yunlan", "Nie, Xiaomin", "Wang, Ling", "Zhang, Xianzhuo", "Li, Weiguo", "Liu, Enmei", "Wang, Xiaohui", "Chen, Yaolong"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395544", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This project aims to evaluate the methods and reporting quality of practice guidelines of five different viruses that have caused Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEIC) over 20 past years: the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Ebola virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Zika virus and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We systematically searched databases, guideline websites and government health agency websites from their inception to February 02, 2020 to extract practice guidelines for SARS-CoV, Ebola virus, MERS-CoV, Zika virus, SARS-CoV-2 and the diseases they caused. The literature was screened independently by four researchers. Then, fifteen researchers evaluated the quality of included guidelines using the AGREE-II (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II, for methodological quality) instrument and RIGHT (Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in Healthcare, for reporting quality) statement. Finally, a total of 81 guidelines were included, including 21 SARS-CoV guidelines, 11 Ebola virus (EBOV) guidelines, 9 MERS-CoV guidelines, 10 Zika Virus guidelines and 30 SARS-CoV-2 guidelines. The evaluation of the methodological quality indicated that the mean scores of each domain for guidelines of each virus were all below 60%, the scores for guidelines in the domains of \"clarity of presentation\" being the highest and in the \"editorial independence\" lowest. The mean reporting rate of each domain for guidelines of each virus was also less than 60%: the reporting rates for the domain \"background\" were highest, and for the domain \"funding and interests\" lowest. The methodological and reporting quality of the practice guidelines for SARS-CoV, Ebola virus, MERS-CoV, Zika virus and SARS-CoV-2 guidelines tend to be low. We recommend to follow evidence-based methodology and the RIGHT statement on reporting when developing guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32441223, "title": "COVID-19 and obesity: links and risks.", "journal": "Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Lavie, Carl J", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian", "Henry, Brandon Michael", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441223", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312024, "title": "Trauma and orthopaedics in the COVID-19 pandemic: breaking every wave.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Tay, Keng Jin Darren", "Lee, Yee Han Dave"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312024", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363010, "pmcid": "PMC7178870", "title": "Do the current cases reported to the WHO provide a realistic incidence rate of countries infected with COVID-19?", "journal": "Infect Ecol Epidemiol", "authors": ["Moradi, Ghobad", "Mohamadi Bolbanabad, Amjad", "Piroozi, Bakhtiar", "Mostafavi, Ehsan", "Veysi, Arshad", "Shokri, Azad"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363010", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32026147, "pmcid": "PMC7091265", "title": "Diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: a pressing issue.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Shen, Kun-Ling", "Yang, Yong-Hong"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32026147", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296570, "pmcid": "PMC7156227", "title": "Structural basis of SARS-CoV-2 3CL(pro) and anti-COVID-19 drug discovery from medicinal plants.", "journal": "J Pharm Anal", "authors": ["Ul Qamar, Muhammad Tahir", "Alqahtani, Safar M", "Alamri, Mubarak A", "Chen, Ling-Ling"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296570", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 raised global health concerns. The viral 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro) enzyme controls coronavirus replication and is essential for its life cycle. 3CLpro is a proven drug discovery target in the case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Recent studies revealed that the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is very similar to that of SARS-CoV. Therefore, herein, we analysed the 3CLpro sequence, constructed its 3D homology model, and screened it against a medicinal plant library containing 32,297 potential anti-viral phytochemicals/traditional Chinese medicinal compounds. Our analyses revealed that the top nine hits might serve as potential anti- SARS-CoV-2 lead molecules for further optimisation and drug development process to combat COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32378391, "pmcid": "PMC7230418", "title": "This newly recognized coronavirus makes one wonder why we were so unprepared.", "journal": "Croat Med J", "authors": ["Calisher, Charles H"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378391", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479232, "title": "Funders' Efforts: Aging And Health, COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479232", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401867, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on Brazilian mental health through vicarious traumatization.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Serafim, Antonio de P", "Goncalves, Priscila D", "Rocca, Cristiana C", "Lotufo Neto, Francisco"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401867", "countries": ["Brazil"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505992, "title": "Rapid implementation of COVID-19 tracheostomy simulation training to increase surgeon safety and confidence.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["LoSavio, Phillip S", "Eggerstedt, Michael", "Tajudeen, Bobby A", "Papagiannopoulos, Peter", "Revenaugh, Peter C", "Batra, Pete S", "Husain, Inna"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505992", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine if rapid implementation of simulation training for anticipated COVID-19 tracheostomy procedures can increase physician confidence regarding procedure competency and use of enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE). A brief simulation training exercise was designed in conjunction with the development of a COVID-19 Tracheostomy Protocol. The simulation training focused primarily on provider safety, pre and post-surgical steps and the proper use of enhanced PPE. Simulation training was performed in the simulation lab at the institution over 2\u00a0days. Pre and post self-evaluations were measured using standardized clinical competency questionnaires on a 5-point Likert Scale ranging from \"No knowledge, unable to perform\" up to \"Highly knowledgeable and confident, independent.\" Physicians self-reported a significant increase in knowledge and competency immediately after completing the training exercise. Resident physicians increased from a mean score of 3.00 to 4.67, p-value 0.0041, mean increase 1.67 (CI 95% 0.81 to 2.52). Attending physicians increased from a mean score of 2.89 to 4.67, p-value 0.0002, mean increase 1.78 (CI 95% 1.14 to 2.42). Overall, all participants increased from a mean score of 3.06 to 4.71, p-value 0.0001, mean increase 1.65 (CI 95% 1.24 to 2.05). Implementation of this simulation training at our institution resulted in a significant increase in physician confidence regarding the safe performance of tracheostomy surgery in COVID-19 patients. Adoption of standardized COVID-19 tracheostomy simulation training at centers treating COVID-19 patients may result in improved physician safety and enhanced confidence in anticipation of performing these procedures in real-life scenarios."}, {"pmid": 32513070, "title": "Selenium supplementation can relieve the clinical complications of COVID-19 and other similar viral infections.", "journal": "Int J Vitam Nutr Res", "authors": ["Fakhrolmobasheri, Mohammad", "Nasr-Esfahany, Zahra", "Khanahmad, Hossein", "Zeinalian, Mehrdad"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513070", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507233, "title": "The role of scientific journal editors during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Matias-Guiu, J"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507233", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427138, "pmcid": "PMC7227567", "title": "COVID-19: How the Quarantine could lead to the Depreobesity.", "journal": "Obes Med", "authors": ["Mediouni, Mohamed", "Madiouni, Riadh", "Kaczor-Urbanowicz, Karolina Elzbieta"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427138", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we will introduce coronavirus (COVID-19) and how it spreads around the globe. We will also present the term of quarantine and associated with it requirement of locking down at home in some countries. We will study how frustration related to quarantine relates to several psychological problems including depression. This environment pushes people to consume high sugar foods that increase obesity. In conclusion, countries should be prepared for the upcoming epidemic (depreobesity)."}, {"pmid": 32530282, "title": "Computational Determination of Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease.", "journal": "J Chem Inf Model", "authors": ["Ngo, Son Tung", "Quynh Anh Pham, Ngoc", "Thi Le, Ly", "Pham, Duc-Hung", "Vu, Van V"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530282", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has infected several million people and caused thousands of deaths worldwide since Dec 2019. As the disease is spreading rapidly all over the world, it is urgent to find effective drugs to treat the virus. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the potential drug targets. Therefore, in this context, we used rigorous computational methods, including molecular docking, fast pulling of ligand (FPL), and free energy perturbation (FEP), to investigate potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. We first tested our approach with three reported inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro; and our computational results are in good agreement with the respective experimental data. Subsequently, we applied our approach on a databases of ~4600 natural compounds, as well as 8 available HIV-1 protease (PR) inhibitors and an aza-peptide epoxide. Molecular docking resulted in a short list of 35 natural compounds, which was subsequently refined using the FPL scheme. FPL simulations resulted in five potential inhibitors, including 3 natural compounds and two available HIV-1 PR inhibitors. Finally, FEP, the most accurate and precise method, was used to determine the absolute binding free energy of these five compounds. FEP results indicate that two natural compounds, cannabisin A and isoacteoside, and an HIV-1 PR inhibitor, darunavir, exhibit large binding free energy to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, which is larger than that of 13b, the most reliable SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor recently reported. The binding free energy largely arises from van der Waals interaction. We also found that Glu166 form H-bonds to all the inhibitors. Replacing Glu166 by an alanine residue leads to ~ 2.0 kcal/mol decreases in the affinity of darunavir to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Our results could contribute to the development of potentials drugs inhibiting SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32488552, "pmcid": "PMC7265868", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Testing and Assisted Partner Notification Services, Western Kenya.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Lagat, Harison", "Sharma, Monisha", "Kariithi, Edward", "Otieno, George", "Katz, David", "Masyuko, Sarah", "Mugambi, Mary", "Wamuti, Beatrice", "Weiner, Bryan", "Farquhar, Carey"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488552", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447949, "title": "Extrapolation of mortality in COVID-19: Exploring the role of age, sex, co-morbidities and health-care related occupation.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Asfahan, Shahir", "Deokar, Kunal", "Dutt, Naveen", "Niwas, Ram", "Jain, Priyank", "Agarwal, Mehul"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447949", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We used a publicly available data of 44,672 patients reported by China's centre for disease control to study the role of age, sex, co-morbidities and health-care related occupation on COVID-19 mortality. The data is in the form of absolute numbers and proportions. Using the percentages, retrospective synthetic data of 100 survivors and 100 deaths were generated using random number libraries so that proportions of ages, genders, co-morbidities, and occupations were constant as in the original data. Logistic regression of the four predictor factors of age, sex, co-morbidities and occupation revealed that only age and comorbidities significantly affected mortality. Sex and occupation when adjusted for other factors in the equation were not significant predictors of mortality. Age and presence of co-morbidities correlated negatively with survival with co-efficient of -1.23 and -2.33 respectively. Odds ratio (OR) for dying from COVID-19 for every 10-year increase in age was 3.4 compared to the previous band of 10 years. OR for dying of COVID-19 was 10.3 for the presence of any of the co-morbidities. Our findings could help in triaging the patients in the emergency room and emphasize the need to protect the elderly and those with comorbidities from getting exposed."}, {"pmid": 32425277, "pmcid": "PMC7229970", "title": "COVID-19 suicidal behavior among couples and suicide pacts: Case study evidence from press reports.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Griffiths, Mark D", "Mamun, Mohammed A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425277", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427774, "title": "Early Outcomes with Utilization of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in COVID-19 Associated Respiratory Distress: A series of five cases.", "journal": "J Trauma Acute Care Surg", "authors": ["Christie, D Benjamin 3rd", "Nemec, Hannah M", "Scott, Anthony M", "Buchanan, John T", "Franklin, Christopher M", "Ahmed, Aftab", "Khan, Muhammad S", "Callender, Charles W", "James, Erskine A", "Christie, Amy B", "Ashley, Dennis W"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427774", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus patients demonstrate varying degrees of respiratory insufficiency; many will progress to respiratory failure with a severe version of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) refractory to traditional supportive strategies. Providers must consider alternative therapies to deter or prevent the cascade of decompensation to fulminant respiratory failure. This is a case-series of five COVID-19 positive patients who demonstrated severe hypoxemia, declining respiratory performance, and escalating oxygen requirements. Patients met the following criteria: COVID-19 positivity, worsening respiratory performance, severe hypoxemia (PaO2<80) despite traditional supportive measures, escalating supplemental oxygen requirements and D-dimer greater than 1.5\u03bcg/mL. All patients received protocol directed thrombolytic therapy with Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA). All five patients improved without deleterious effects of thrombolytic therapy. Patient one was on maximum ventilator support, paralytics, and prone positioning without improvement. During tPA administration his P/F ratio improved from 69 to 127. Ventilator support was weaned immediately on post-treatment day 1 and he was extubated on post treatment day 12. Our second through fifth patients were not intubated at time of initiation of tPA therapy. These patients each required significant oxygen supplementation trending toward intubation. After tPA therapy, all patients demonstrated a noticeable increase in PaO2 values overtime. Three of these patients avoided intubation due to COVID-19 associated respiratory failure. Administration of thrombolytics was followed by overall improvement in patients' oxygen requirements, and in three cases, prevented progression to mechanical ventilation, without deleterious effects. Clinical trials of thrombolytic therapy would further serve to underscore the efficacy and utility of this therapy. Level V- Case series of therapeutic effect."}, {"pmid": 32160122, "pmcid": "PMC7068761", "title": "All roads lead to coronavirus.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Abbasi, Kamran"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160122", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298984, "pmcid": "PMC7146694", "title": "Estimation of effects of nationwide lockdown for containing coronavirus infection on worsening of glycosylated haemoglobin and increase in diabetes-related complications: A simulation model using multivariate regression analysis.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Ghosal, Samit", "Sinha, Binayak", "Majumder, Milan", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298984", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "and aims: To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID19) total lockdown is in place in India from March 24, 2020 for 21 days. In this study, we aim to assess the impact of the duration of the lockdown on glycaemic control and diabetes-related complications. A systematic search was conducted using Cochrane library. A simulation model was created using glycemic data from previous disasters (taken as similar in impact to current lockdown) taking baseline HBA1c and diabetes-related complications data from India-specific database. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to analyse the relationship between the duration of lockdown and glycaemic targets & diabetes-related complications. The predictive model was extremely robust (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.99) and predicted outcomes for period of lockdown up to 90 days. The predicted increment in HBA1c from baseline at the end of 30 days and 45 days lockdown was projected as 2.26% & 3.68% respectively. Similarly, the annual predicted percentage increase in complication rates at the end of 30-day lockdown was 2.8% for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 2.9% for proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 1.5% for retinal photocoagulation, 9.3% for microalbuminuria, 14.2% for proteinuria, 2.9% for peripheral neuropathy, 10.5% for lower extremity amputation, 0.9% for myocardial infarction, 0.5% for stroke and 0.5% for infections. The duration of lockdown is directly proportional to the worsening of glycaemic control and diabetes-related complications. Such increase in diabetes-related complications will put additional load on overburdened healthcare system, and also increase COVID19 infections in patients with such uncontrolled glycemia."}, {"pmid": 32406750, "title": "Challenges in oral radiology teaching during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dentomaxillofac Radiol", "authors": ["Pontual, Maria Luiza Anjos", "do Nascimento, Eduarda Helena Leandro", "da Cruz Perez, Danyel Elias", "Pontual, Andrea Anjos", "Ramos-Perez, Flavia Moraes"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406750", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321656, "pmcid": "PMC7128716", "title": "Radiological findings for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Sanchez-Oro, Raquel", "Torres Nuez, Julio", "Martinez-Sanz, Gloria"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321656", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437001, "title": "Intuitive Global Insight Into COVID-19 Clinical Research Activities-The \"COVID-19 Map of Hope\".", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Ries, Markus", "Mechler, Konstantin", "Smith, Donna L", "Herfort, Benjamin", "Visintini, Johannes", "Santana, Amon Veiga", "Zipf, Alexander", "Lautenbach, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437001", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369284, "title": "A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Corrao, Salvatore", "Natoli, Giuseppe", "Cacopardo, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369284", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444865, "title": "COVID-19 Research in Brief: 16 May to 22 May, 2020.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Carvalho, Thiago"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444865", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249108, "pmcid": "PMC7132506", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249108", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358176, "title": "SNMMI COVID-19 Resource Center.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358176", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489797, "pmcid": "PMC7218760", "title": "The Heart in the Time of the 'Coronavirus'.", "journal": "Glob Heart", "authors": ["Perel, Pablo", "Grobbee, Diederick E"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489797", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295405, "title": "Pediatric Characteristics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus: Review of Available Published Literature.", "journal": "Clin Pediatr (Phila)", "authors": ["Yagnik, Priyank J", "Umscheid, Jacob", "Khan, Abdul Wasay", "Ali, Mazahir", "Bhatt, Parth", "Desai, Pooja H"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295405", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427226, "pmcid": "PMC7233238", "title": "An automated Residual Exemplar Local Binary Pattern and iterative ReliefF based corona detection method using lung X-ray image.", "journal": "Chemometr Intell Lab Syst", "authors": ["Tuncer, Turker", "Dogan, Sengul", "Ozyurt, Fatih"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427226", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus is normally transmitted from animal to person, but nowadays it is transmitted from person to person by changing its form. Covid-19 appeared as a very dangerous virus and unfortunately caused a worldwide pandemic disease. Radiology doctors use X-ray or CT images for the diagnosis of Covid-19. It has become crucial to help diagnose such images using image processing methods. Therefore, we proposed a novel intelligent computer vision method to automatically detect the Covid-19 virus. The proposed automatic Covid-19 detection method consists of preprocessing, feature extraction and feature selection stages. Image resizing and grayscale conversion are used in the preprocessing phase. The proposed feature generation method is called as Residual Exemplar Local Binary Pattern (ResExLBP). In the feature selection phase, a novel iterative ReliefF (IRF) based feature selection is used. Decision tree (DT), linear discriminant (LD), support vector machine (SVM), k nearest neighborhood (kNN) and subspace discriminant (SD) methods are chosen as classifiers in the classification phase. Leave one out cross-validation (LOOCV) and 10-fold cross-validation are used for training and testing. In this work, SVM classifier achieved 100.0% classification accuracy by using 10-fold cross-validation. This result clearly has shown that we reached the perfect classification rate by using X-ray image for Covid-19 detection."}, {"pmid": 32529948, "title": "Healthcare virtualization amid COVID-19 pandemic: an emerging new normal.", "journal": "Med Educ Online", "authors": ["Kaliya-Perumal, Arun-Kumar", "Omar, Usama Farghaly", "Kharlukhi, Jacquilyne"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529948", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297931, "pmcid": "PMC7184433", "title": "Why health promotion matters to the COVID-19 pandemic, and vice versa.", "journal": "Health Promot Int", "authors": ["Van den Broucke, Stephan"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297931", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524848, "title": "Changes in Suicide and Resilience-related Google Searches during the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Sinyor, Mark", "Spittal, Matthew J", "Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524848", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414678, "pmcid": "PMC7196383", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on maxillofacial surgery practice: a worldwide survey.", "journal": "Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Maffia, F", "Fontanari, M", "Vellone, V", "Cascone, P", "Mercuri, L G"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414678", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly changing our habits. To date, April 12, 2020, the virus has reached 209 nations, affecting 1.8 million people and causing more than 110,000 deaths. Maxillofacial surgery represents an example of a specialty that has had to adapt to this outbreak, because of the subspecialties of oncology and traumatology. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of this outbreak on the specialty of maxillofacial surgery and how the current situation is being managed on a worldwide scale. To achieve this goal, the authors developed an anonymous questionnaire which was posted on the internet and also sent to maxillofacial surgeons around the globe using membership lists from various subspecialty associations. The questionnaire asked for information about the COVID-19 situation in the respondent's country and in their workplace, and what changes they were facing in their practices in light of the outbreak. The objective was not only to collect and analyse data, but also to highlight what the specialty is facing and how it is handling the situation, in the hope that this information will be useful as a reference in the future, not only for this specialty, but also for others, should COVID-19 or a similar global threat arise again."}, {"pmid": 32313382, "pmcid": "PMC7164876", "title": "Can Global Pharmaceutical Supply Chains Scale Up Sustainably for the COVID-19 Crisis?", "journal": "Resour Conserv Recycl", "authors": ["Yu, Derrick Ethelbhert C", "Razon, Luis F", "Tan, Raymond R"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313382", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385900, "pmcid": "PMC7272887", "title": "IJED support for eating disorders research in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Weissman, Ruth S", "Klump, Kelly L", "Wade, Tracey", "Thomas, Jennifer J", "Frank, Guido", "Waller, Glenn"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385900", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This editorial reports on an anonymous survey question posed to eating disorders researchers about changes the International Journal of Eating Disorders (IJED) should implement to support the eating disorders research community affected by COVID-19. The editorial accompanies an IJED article that details responses to the larger survey focusing more broadly on COVID-19-related research disruptions. Survey invitations were sent to editorial board members of eating disorders journals, members of eating disorder scientific organizations (e.g., Eating Disorders Research Society), and individuals who provided at least three IJED reviews in the prior 12\u2009months. We reviewed the responses of 187 participants and identified three categories of changes that: (a) had already been implemented by the journal, (b) cannot be implemented because they fall outside the scope of IJED, or (c) will be implemented in coming weeks or months. The latter category includes publishing topical COVID-19 papers, making some COVID-19-related content available open access, revising statistical guidelines, and issuing author guidance on reporting protocol changes caused by COVID-19-related disruptions. IJED recognizes the disruptive impacts that COVID-19 has on all activities in our field, including clinical work, teaching, and advocacy, and is committed to supporting authors during this difficult time while striving to publish high-quality research."}, {"pmid": 32271914, "pmcid": "PMC7184476", "title": "The hearth of mathematical and statistical modelling during the Coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Bertolaccini, Luca", "Spaggiari, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271914", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32017662, "pmcid": "PMC7233362", "title": "Chest CT Findings in 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections from Wuhan, China: Key Points for the Radiologist.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Kanne, Jeffrey P"], "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32017662", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365891, "title": "COVID-19 Surface Persistence: A Recent Data Summary and Its Importance for Medical and Dental Settings.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Fiorillo, Luca", "Cervino, Gabriele", "Matarese, Marco", "D'Amico, Cesare", "Surace, Giovanni", "Paduano, Valeria", "Fiorillo, Maria Teresa", "Moschella, Antonio", "Bruna, Alessia La", "Romano, Giovanni Luca", "Laudicella, Riccardo", "Baldari, Sergio", "Cicciu, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365891", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, due to the coronavirus pandemic, many guidelines and anti-contagion strategies continue to report unclear information about the persistence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the environment. This certainly generates insecurity and fear in people, with an important psychological component that is not to be underestimated at this stage of the pandemic. The purpose of this article is to highlight all the sources currently present in the literature concerning the persistence of the different coronaviruses in the environment as well as in medical and dental settings. As this was a current study, there are still not many sources in the literature, and scientific strategies are moving towards therapy and diagnosis, rather than knowing the characteristics of the virus. Such an article could be an aid to summarize virus features and formulate new guidelines and anti-spread strategies."}, {"pmid": 32503823, "title": "A New Method for Testing Filtration Efficiency of Mask Materials Under Sneeze-like Pressure.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Xiao, L I", "Sakagami, Hiroshi", "Miwa, Nobuhiko"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503823", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sneezes produce many pathogen-containing micro-droplets with high velocities of 4.5-50.0 m/s. Face masks are believed to protect people from infection by blocking those droplets. However, current filtration efficiency tests can't evaluate masks under sneeze-like pressure. The goal of this study was to establish a method to evaluate the filtration efficiency of mask materials under extreme conditions. Efficiency of surgical masks, gauze masks, gauze, cotton, silk, linen and tissue paper on blocking micro-droplet sized starch particles (average 8.2 \u03bcm) and latex microspheres (0.75 \u03bcm) with a velocity of 44.4 m/s created by centrifugation was qualitatively analyzed by using imaging-based analysis. The 4 layers of silk could block 93.8% of microspheres and 88.9% of starch particles, followed by the gauze mask (78.5% of microspheres and 90.4% of starch particles) and the 2 layers of cotton (74.6% of microspheres and 87.5-89.0% of particles). Other materials also blocked 53.2-66.5% of microspheres and 76.4%-87.9% of particles except the 8 layers of gauze which only blocked 36.7% of particles. The filtration efficiency was improved by the increased layers of materials. Centrifugation-based filtration efficiency test not only compensates shortcomings of current tests for masks, but also offers a simple way to explore new mask materials during pandemics. Common mask materials can potentially provide protection against respiratory droplet transmission."}, {"pmid": 32454583, "pmcid": "PMC7228862", "title": "ICER releases pricing models for potential COVID-19 treatments.", "journal": "PharmacoEcon Outcomes News", "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454583", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487432, "pmcid": "PMC7203036", "title": "Rural and Remote Cardiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) Consensus Statement.", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Arnold, Ruth H", "Tideman, Philip A", "Devlin, Gerard P", "Carroll, Gerard E", "Elder, Alex", "Lowe, Harry", "Macdonald, Peter S", "Bannon, Paul G", "Juergens, Craig", "McGuire, Mark", "Mariani, Justin A", "Coffey, Sean", "Faddy, Steven", "Brown, Alex", "Inglis, Sally", "Wang, William Y S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487432", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rural and remote Australians and New Zealanders have a higher rate of adverse outcomes due to acute myocardial infarction, driven by many factors. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is also higher in regional and remote populations, and people with known CVD have increased morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition, COVID-19 is associated with serious cardiac manifestations, potentially placing additional demand on limited regional services at a time of diminished visiting metropolitan support with restricted travel. Inter-hospital transfer is currently challenging as receiving centres enact pandemic protocols, creating potential delays, and cardiovascular resources are diverted to increasing intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency department (ED) capacity. Regional and rural centres have limited staff resources, placing cardiac services at risk in the event of staff infection or quarantine during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32381484, "title": "Covid-19: Health needs of sex workers are being sidelined, warn agencies.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Howard, Sally"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381484", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451579, "pmcid": "PMC7246291", "title": "The baby lung and the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Gattinoni, Luciano", "Meissner, Konrad", "Marini, John J"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451579", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378385, "pmcid": "PMC7230426", "title": "Healthy communication in the promotion of healthy aging during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Croat Med J", "authors": ["Bras, Marijana", "Dordevic, Veljko", "Pjevac, Neda", "Duric, Ivana"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378385", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32280053, "pmcid": "PMC7144592", "title": "Human biases and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Intensive Crit Care Nurs", "authors": ["Garcia-Alamino, Josep M"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32280053", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32208485, "title": "COVID-19 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: What Is the Evidence?", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Patel, Ankit B", "Verma, Ashish"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208485", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434764, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Pediatric Graduate Medical Education.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Chiel, Laura", "Winthrop, Zachary", "S Winn, Ariel"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376531, "pmcid": "PMC7086135", "title": "[Management and prevention of common skin problems during epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Li, Changxing", "Shen, Jing", "Ju, Yan", "Huang, Xiaowen", "Huang, Liang", "Zeng, Kang"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the ongoing fight against the epidemic of COVID-19, the medical staff has been under tremendous pressure. Wearing the protective equipment (masks, goggles, and protective screens) with a poor breathability for a long time causes various skin problems, such as allergies, excessive skin hydration, local mechanical injuries, and even secondary infections. In addition, in a closed environment, compression and friction aggravate skin reactions, which may compromise duty performance of the medical staff. It is therefore essential to provide timely treatment opinions and prevention methods for common skin problems. We also give suggestions concerning the preparation of medical kit for skin protection in the epidemic area."}, {"pmid": 32437014, "title": "A preliminary evaluation on the efficacy of ozone therapy in the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zheng, Zhishui", "Dong, Minglin", "Hu, Ke"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437014", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Ozone may exert its antiviral actions and ozone therapy has been demonstrated therapeutically usefulness in influenza and novel viruses. In this letter, two severe cases with COVID-19 received ozone therapy were described. The results showed that ozone therapy may promote recovery of clinical condition and improvement of chest CT images, shorten the duration of viral shedding and length of hospital stay. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32389882, "pmcid": "PMC7205734", "title": "Coronavirus Disease-2019: A tocsin to our aging, unfit, corpulent, and immunodeficient society.", "journal": "J Sport Health Sci", "authors": ["Nieman, David C"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute and chronic respiratory illnesses cause widespread morbidity and mortality, and this class of illness now includes the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome that is causing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The world is experiencing a major demographic shift toward an older, obese, and physically inactive populace. Risk factor assessments based on pandemic data indicate that those at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19 include older males, and people of all ages with obesity and related comorbidities such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Aging in and of itself leads to negative changes in innate and adaptive immunity, a process termed immunosenescence. Obesity causes systemic inflammation and adversely impacts immune function and host defense in a way that patterns immunosenescence. Two primary prevention strategies to reduce the risk for COVID-19 at both the community and individual levels include mitigation activities and the adoption of lifestyle practices consistent with good immune health. Animal and human studies support the idea that, in contrast to high exercise workloads, regular moderate-intensity physical activity improves immunosurveillance against pathogens and reduces morbidity and mortality from viral infection and respiratory illnesses including the common cold, pneumonia, and influenza. The odds are high that infectious disease pandemics spawned by novel pathogens will continue to inflict morbidity and mortality as the world's population becomes older and more obese. COVID-19 is indeed a wake-up call, a tocsin, to the world that primary prevention countermeasures focused on health behaviors and hygiene demand our full attention and support."}, {"pmid": 32444993, "pmcid": "PMC7242608", "title": "Triaging Total Hip Arthroplasty During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med", "authors": ["Rizkalla, James M", "Gladnick, Brian P", "Bhimani, Aamir A", "Wood, Dorian S", "Kitziger, Kurt J", "Peters, Paul C Jr"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444993", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this review was to evaluate the available literature to determine what may be considered urgent indications for total hip arthroplasty, in the unprecedented setting of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus currently presenting in the form of a global pandemic, referred to as COVID-19. In this setting, multiple states have issued executive orders prohibiting \"elective\" surgery, including arthroplasty, in order to preserve healthcare resources. However, during this unprecedented reduction in elective surgery, there is likely to be some controversy as to what constitutes a purely \"elective\" procedure, versus an \"urgent\" procedure, particularly regarding hip arthroplasty. We reviewed the available literature for articles discussing the most commonly encountered indications for primary, conversion, and revision hip arthroplasty. Based upon the indications discussed in these articles, we further stratified these indications into \"elective\" versus \"urgent\" categories. In patients presenting with hip arthroplasty indications, the decision to proceed urgently with surgery should be based upon (a) the potential harm incurred by the patient if the surgery was delayed and (b) the potential risk incurred by the patient in the context of COVID-19 if surgery was performed. The authors present a decision-making algorithm for determining surgical urgency in three patients who underwent surgery in this context. Urgent total hip arthroplasty in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic is a complex decision-making process, involving clinical and epidemiological factors. These decisions are best made in coordination with a multidisciplinary committee of one's peers. Region-specific issues such as hospital resources and availability of PPE may also inform the decision-making process."}, {"pmid": 32379199, "title": "A Typical Case of Critically Ill Infant of Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Persistent Reduction of T Lymphocytes.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Qiu, Liru", "Jiao, Rong", "Zhang, Aiming", "Chen, Xi", "Ning, Qin", "Fang, Feng", "Zeng, Fang", "Tian, Niannian", "Zhang, Yi", "Huang, Yafei", "Sun, Ziyan", "Dhuromsingh, Menaka", "Li, Hao", "Li, Yang", "Xu, Rongrong", "Chen, Yu", "Luo, Xiaoping"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379199", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is becoming a global threat. However, our understanding of the clinical characteristics and treatment of critically ill pediatric patients and their ability of transmitting the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 still remains inadequate because only a handful pediatric cases of COVID-19 have been reported. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, laboratory data and follow-up information and the treatment of critically ill infant were recorded. The infant had life-threatening clinical features including high fever, septic shock, recurrent apnea, petechiae and acute kidney injury and persistent declined CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The duration of nasopharyngeal virus shedding lasted for 49 days even with the administration of lopinavir/ritonavir for 8 days. The CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was partially recovered 68 days post onset of the disease. Accumulating of effector memory CD4+ T cells (CD4+TEM) was observed among T-cell compartment. The nucleic acid tests and serum antibody for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 of the infant's mother who kept intimate contact with the infant were negative despite no strict personal protection. The persistent reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was the typical feature of critically ill infant with COVID-19. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells might play a key role in aggravating COVID-19 and predicts a more critical course in children. The prolonged nasopharyngeal virus shedding was related with the severity of respiratory injury. The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from infant (even very critical cases) to adult might be unlikely."}, {"pmid": 32471585, "pmcid": "PMC7151538", "title": "Fighting COVID-19 Hypoxia With One Hand Tied Behind Our Back: Blanket Prohibition of High-Flow Oxygen and Noninvasive Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in US Hospitals.", "journal": "Ann Emerg Med", "authors": ["Colla, Joseph", "Rodos, Adam", "Seyller, Hannah", "Weingart, Scott"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471585", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213152, "title": "Are there any Therapeutic Options Currently Available for Wuhan Coronavirus?", "journal": "Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem", "authors": ["Carradori, Simone"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213152", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524953, "title": "Could Water and Sanitation Shortfalls Exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Risks?", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Odih, Erkison E", "Afolayan, Ayorinde O", "Akintayo, IfeOluwa", "Okeke, Iruka N"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524953", "countries": ["United States", "China", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, is shed in stool. SARS coronaviruses have been detected in wastewater during outbreaks in China, Europe, and the United States. In this perspective, we outline the risk fecal shedding poses at locations without safely managed sanitation, as in most of Nigeria where we work. We believe that feco-oral transmission could occur if community transmission becomes high and sustained in densely populated cities without proper sanitation in Nigeria and many other African and Asian settings. In the absence of basic sanitation, or where existing sanitation is not safely managed, groundwater, which is often drawn up from wells and boreholes for drinking and household use, can become contaminated with enteric bacteria and viruses from fecal matter. Endemic and epidemic transmission of multiple feco-oral pathogens via this route continues to be documented in areas without safely managed sanitation, and, therefore, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission needs to be evaluated, tracked, and forestalled in such settings. We suggest that fecal matter from treatment facilities and recovered patients should be carefully and properly disposed. Furthermore, environmental surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and accumulated human waste, as well as efforts to mitigate the virus' entry into unprotected household water sources, should be a priority part of the COVID-19 response in settings without safely managed sanitation for the duration of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32521294, "title": "Comment on \"The experience on coronavirus disease 2019 and cancer from an oncology hub institution in Milan, Lombardy Region\" and reflections from the Italian Association of Oncology Nurses.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Biagioli, Valentina", "Belloni, Silvia", "Albanesi, Beatrice", "Piredda, Alessio", "Caruso, Rosario"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521294", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417018, "pmcid": "PMC7200375", "title": "A perspective from a NYC chief oral and maxillofacial surgery resident during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Saggese, N P", "Cardo, V A"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417018", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409437, "title": "Management of patients with COVID-19 in the medical ICU.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Wu, Chao Ping", "Latifi, Mani", "Mireles-Cabodevila, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409437", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 management practices devised for the medical intensive care unit (ICU) are centered on two main goals: ensuring caregiver safety and providing the highest quality patient care through adherence to evidence-based best practices. Rapid, sweeping changes for successful management are based on creating an educational platform to introduce and then further cement these concepts through a unified approach to clinical care. Creating a culture change in a short period of time requires overcoming a host of challenges; however, the result is a more unified and focused approach."}, {"pmid": 32406749, "pmcid": "PMC7222512", "title": "Oncology clinical trials in the time of COVID-19: how a pandemic can revolutionize patients' care.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Massari, Francesco", "Mollica, Veronica", "Salvagni, Stefania", "Tognetto, Michele", "Ardizzoni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406749", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371562, "title": "Keep cystic fibrosis patients out of the hospital.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Dasenbrook, Elliot"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371562", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No specific data exists regarding management of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who are infected with COVID-19. Based on expert opinion, strategies for outpatient management include use of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor to reduce pulmonary exacerbations, telemedicine, adherence to prescribed regimens, prompt and aggressive treatment of CF exacerbations, and communication about COVID-19 with patients with CF. Strategies for inpatient management may vary due to special precautions to avoid the aerosolization of COVID-19 with the use of nebulized medications and other therapies."}, {"pmid": 32480154, "title": "Medical mask versus cotton mask for preventing respiratory droplet transmission in micro environments.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ho, Kin-Fai", "Lin, Lian-Yu", "Weng, Shao-Ping", "Chuang, Kai-Jen"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480154", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objective of this study was to investigate whether cotton mask worn by respiratory infection person could suppress respiratory droplet levels compared to medical mask. We recruited adult volunteers with confirmed influenza and suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to wear medical masks and self-designed triple-layer cotton masks in a regular bedroom and a car with air conditioning. Four 1-hour repeated measurements (two measurements for bedroom the others for car) of particles with a size range of 20-1000\u00a0nm measured by number concentrations (NC0.02-1), temperature and relatively humidity, and cough/sneeze counts per hour were conducted for each volunteer. The paired t-tests were used for within-group comparisons in a bedroom and in a car. The results showed that there was no significant difference in NC0.02-1 or cough/sneeze counts between volunteers with medical masks and cotton masks in a bedroom or a car. We concluded that the cotton mask could be a potential substitute for medical mask for respiratory infection person in microenvironment with air conditioning. Healthy people may daily use cotton mask in the community since cotton mask is washable and reusable."}, {"pmid": 32476155, "title": "Management of patients with ovarian cancer in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Bogani, Giorgio", "Casarin, Jvan", "Pinelli, Ciro", "Di Donato, Violante", "Bosio, Sara", "Ruisi, Simona", "Brusadelli, Claudia", "Guerrisi, Rocco", "Sarpietro, Giuseppe", "Ditto, Antonino", "Ghezzi, Fabio", "Raspagliesi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476155", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the beginning of 2020,\u00a0coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads worldwide. Patients with ovarian cancer should be considered at high-risk of developing severe morbidity related to COVID-19. Most of them are diagnosed in advanced stages of disease, and they are fragile. Here, we evaluated the major impact of COVID-19 on patients with ovarian cancer, discussing the effect of the outbreak on medical and surgical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32378737, "pmcid": "PMC7267287", "title": "The Approved Dose of Ivermectin Alone is not the Ideal Dose for the Treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Schmith, Virginia D", "Zhou, Jie Jessie", "Lohmer, Lauren R L"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378737", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Caly et al.1 reported that ivermectin inhibited severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro for up to 48\u00a0hours using ivermectin at 5\u00a0\u03bcM. The concentration resulting in 50% inhibition (IC50 ; 2\u00a0\u00b5M) was >\u00a035\u00d7 higher than the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) after oral administration of the approved dose of ivermectin when given fasted. Simulations were conducted using an available population pharmacokinetic model to predict total (bound and unbound) and unbound plasma concentration-time profiles after a single and repeat fasted administration of the approved dose of ivermectin (200\u00a0\u03bcg/kg), 60\u00a0mg, and 120\u00a0mg. Plasma total Cmax was determined and then multiplied by the lung:plasma ratio reported in cattle to predict the lung Cmax after administration of each single dose. Plasma ivermectin concentrations of total (bound and unbound) and unbound concentrations do not reach the IC50 , even for a dose level 10\u00d7 higher than the approved dose. Even with the high lung:plasma ratio, ivermectin is unlikely to reach the IC50 in the lungs after single oral administration of the approved dose (predicted lung: 0.0873\u00a0\u00b5M) or at doses 10\u00d7 higher that the approved dose administered orally (predicted lung: 0.820\u00a0\u00b5M). In summary, the likelihood of a successful clinical trial using the approved dose of ivermectin is low. Combination therapy should be evaluated in vitro. Repurposing drugs for use in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment is an ideal strategy but is only feasible when product safety has been established and experiments of repurposed drugs are conducted at clinically relevant concentrations."}, {"pmid": 32503705, "pmcid": "PMC7146691", "title": "Echocardiography in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Picard, Michael H", "Weiner, Rory B"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503705", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479746, "pmcid": "PMC7205692", "title": "Host-Viral Infection Maps Reveal Signatures of Severe COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Bost, Pierre", "Giladi, Amir", "Liu, Yang", "Bendjelal, Yanis", "Xu, Gang", "David, Eyal", "Blecher-Gonen, Ronnie", "Cohen, Merav", "Medaglia, Chiara", "Li, Hanjie", "Deczkowska, Aleksandra", "Zhang, Shuye", "Schwikowski, Benno", "Zhang, Zheng", "Amit, Ido"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479746", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viruses are a constant threat to global health as highlighted by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, lack of data underlying how the human host interacts with viruses, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus, limits effective therapeutic intervention. We introduce Viral-Track, a computational method that globally scans unmapped single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for the presence of viral RNA, enabling transcriptional cell sorting of infected versus bystander cells. We demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of Viral-Track to systematically detect viruses from multiple models of infection, including hepatitis B virus, in an unsupervised manner. Applying Viral-Track to bronchoalveloar-lavage samples from severe and mild COVID-19 patients reveals a dramatic impact of the virus on the immune system of severe patients compared to mild cases. Viral-Track detects an unexpected co-infection of the human metapneumovirus, present mainly in monocytes perturbed in type-I interferon (IFN)-signaling. Viral-Track provides a robust technology for dissecting the mechanisms of viral-infection and pathology."}, {"pmid": 32381129, "pmcid": "PMC7231665", "title": "Dealing with skin reactions to gloves during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Tabary, Mohammadreza", "Araghi, Farnaz", "Nasiri, Soheila", "Dadkhahfar, Sahar"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381129", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358890, "pmcid": "PMC7262017", "title": "Cutaneous side-effects of the potential COVID-19 drugs.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Tursen, Umit", "Tursen, Belma", "Lotti, Torello"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358890", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 disease is a highly contagious and particularly popular problem in all countries. A variety of repurposed drugs and investigational drugs such as remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ritonavir, lopinavir, interferon-beta, and other potential drugs have been studied for COVID19 treatment. We reviewed the potential dermatological side-effects of these drugs."}, {"pmid": 32409522, "title": "Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in COVID-19 based on evidence for COVID-19, other coronavirus infections, influenza, community-acquired pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Ye, Zhikang", "Wang, Ying", "Colunga-Lozano, Luis Enrique", "Prasad, Manya", "Tangamornsuksan, Wimonchat", "Rochwerg, Bram", "Yao, Liang", "Motaghi, Shahrzad", "Couban, Rachel J", "Ghadimi, Maryam", "Bala, Malgorzata M", "Gomaa, Huda", "Fang, Fang", "Xiao, Yingqi", "Guyatt, Gordon H"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409522", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Very little direct evidence exists on use of corticosteroids in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Indirect evidence from related conditions must therefore inform inferences regarding benefits and harms. To support a guideline for managing COVID-19, we conducted systematic reviews examining the impact of corticosteroids in COVID-19 and related severe acute respiratory illnesses. We searched standard international and Chinese biomedical literature databases and prepublication sources for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing corticosteroids versus no corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). For acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), influenza and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), we updated the most recent rigorous systematic review. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses to pool relative risks and then used baseline risk in patients with COVID-19 to generate absolute effects. In ARDS, according to 1 small cohort study in patients with COVID-19 and 7 RCTs in non-COVID-19 populations (risk ratio [RR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55 to 0.93, mean difference 17.3% fewer; low-quality evidence), corticosteroids may reduce mortality. In patients with severe COVID-19 but without ARDS, direct evidence from 2 observational studies provided very low-quality evidence of an increase in mortality with corticosteroids (hazard ratio [HR] 2.30, 95% CI 1.00 to 5.29, mean difference 11.9% more), as did observational data from influenza studies. Observational data from SARS and MERS studies provided very low-quality evidence of a small or no reduction in mortality. Randomized controlled trials in CAP suggest that corticosteroids may reduce mortality (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.98, 3.1% lower; very low-quality evidence), and may increase hyperglycemia. Corticosteroids may reduce mortality for patients with COVID-19 and ARDS. For patients with severe COVID-19 but without ARDS, evidence regarding benefit from different bodies of evidence is inconsistent and of very low quality."}, {"pmid": 32294238, "pmcid": "PMC7235524", "title": "Concerns related to COVID-19 pandemic among patients with inflammatory bowel disease and its influence on patient management.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Bodini, Giorgia", "Demarzo, Maria Giulia", "Casagrande, Edoardo", "De Maria, Costanza", "Kayali, Stefano", "Ziola, Sebastiano", "Giannini, Edoardo G"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294238", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426556, "pmcid": "PMC7227497", "title": "Follow-up and management of head and neck cancer patients during the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease pandemic.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Chua, Melvin L K", "Ma, Daniel J", "Anderson, Carryn M", "Karam, Sana D", "Margalit, Danielle N", "Kimple, Randall J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426556", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly impacted healthcare delivery around the world. Elective procedures and routine follow-ups have been cancelled and/or converted to tele-health visits by many systems. In this article, we focus on recommendations for the surveillance of head and neck cancer patients during and following radiotherapy treatment. We synthesized information from clinical evidence, existing recommendations from the NCCN, and variations in practice between multiple academic tertiary cancer centers to develop the proposed guidance."}, {"pmid": 32475803, "pmcid": "PMC7254018", "title": "The Covid-19 pandemic and people with disability.", "journal": "Disabil Health J", "authors": ["Turk, Margaret A", "McDermott, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475803", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505070, "title": "Nebulized Lidocaine in COVID-19, An Hypothesis.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Ali, Ziad A", "El-Mallakh, Rif S"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505070", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Diseases-2019 (COVID-19) has caused a large global outbreak and has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). It has been proposed that COVID-19-related hyperinflammation and dysregulated immune response might play a critical role in developing a cytokine storm which usually progresses to a life-threatening acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome in infected individuals. Lidocaine, a local analgesic and anti-arrhythmic, is known for its anti-inflammatory actions and has been used to reduce cough and improve respiratory symptoms in severe asthmatic patients. It has a demonstrated safety profile. It is proposed that nebulized lidocaine might be beneficial in reducing cytokines, protecting patients' lungs and improving outcomes in COVID-19 patients when administered via inhalation as an adjunctive treatment for severe respiratory symptoms in patients fighting the novel Coronavirus. Additional investigation is warranted."}, {"pmid": 32265036, "pmcid": "PMC7128118", "title": "A British Society of Thoracic Imaging statement: considerations in designing local imaging diagnostic algorithms for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Nair, A", "Rodrigues, J C L", "Hare, S", "Edey, A", "Devaraj, A", "Jacob, J", "Johnstone, A", "McStay, R", "Denton, Erika", "Robinson, G"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265036", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523143, "title": "Nursing before COVID-19, a key point for the prevention, control and mitigation of the pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Cadena-Estrada, Julio C", "Olvera-Arreola, Sandra S", "Lopez-Flores, Liliana", "Perez-Hernandez, Elvia", "Lira-Rodriguez, Gabriela", "Sanchez-Cisneros, Noe", "Quintero-Barrios, Martha M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523143", "countries": ["China", "Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 outbreak originated in China has reached Mexico. However, the scientific community, including nursing, has generated vertiginous evidence that can help make decisions in the care of the affected population. The purpose of this study is to describe the nursing experience before COVID-19 as a key point for the prevention, control and mitigation of the pandemic. Based on the recommendations issued by the Ministry of Health, the clinical evidence and the resources available in the health institutions, the disease prevention measures have been initiated and maintained both in the community and in the health institutions. The reconversion of hospitals and care protocols adapted to our context are trying to strengthen the control and mitigation of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32367764, "title": "Vascular access in COVID-19 patients: Smart decisions for maximal safety.", "journal": "J Vasc Access", "authors": ["Scoppettuolo, Giancarlo", "Biasucci, Daniele Guerino", "Pittiruti, Mauro"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2020 COVID pandemic has forced everyone to update the usual medical procedures and adapt them to a new situation characterized by a high risk of contamination of the health operator. The placement of a venous access device is no exception. In the experience of the vascular access team of our hospital, hit by the COVID epidemic in March 2020, the safety of both the patient and the staff can be ensured by an insertion bundle of few smart strategies, which include choice of long dwelling peripheral catheters (midline catheters) rather than short venous cannulas; use of power injectable peripherally inserted central catheters in the COVID patients in intensive care unit requiring a central line; use of wireless probes-easy to carry, easy to clean-for ultrasound guided venipuncture; avoidance of x-rays, using alternative methods for tip location such as intracavitary electrocardiography or trans-thoracic echocardiography; strict adoption of the barrier precautions recommended by the international guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32429920, "pmcid": "PMC7236869", "title": "Mobile health clinic model in the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned and opportunities for policy changes and innovation.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Attipoe-Dorcoo, Sharon", "Delgado, Rigoberto", "Gupta, Aditi", "Bennet, Jennifer", "Oriol, Nancy E", "Jain, Sachin H"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429920", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mobile Clinics represent an untapped resource for our healthcare system. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated its limitations. Mobile health clinic programs in the US already play important, albeit under-appreciated roles in the healthcare system. They provide access to healthcare especially for displaced or isolated individuals; they offer versatility in the setting of a damaged or inadequate healthcare infrastructure; and, as a longstanding community-based service delivery model, they fill gaps in the healthcare safety-net, reaching social-economically underserved populations in both urban and rural areas. Despite an increasing body of evidence of the unique value of this highly adaptable model of care, mobile clinics are not widely supported. This has resulted in a missed opportunity to deploy mobile clinics during national emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as using these already existing, and trusted programs to overcome barriers to access that are experienced by under-resourced communities. In March, the Mobile Healthcare Association and Mobile Health Map, a program of Harvard Medical School's Family Van, hosted a webinar of over 300 mobile health providers, sharing their experiences, challenges and best practices of responding to COVID 19. They demonstrated the untapped potential of this sector of the healthcare system in responding to healthcare crises. A Call to Action: The flexibility and adaptability of mobile clinics make them ideal partners in responding to pandemics, such as COVID-19. In this commentary we propose three approaches to support further expansion and integration of mobile health clinics into the healthcare system: First, demonstrate the economic contribution of mobile clinics to the healthcare system. Second, expand the number of mobile clinic programs and integrate them into the healthcare infrastructure and emergency preparedness. Third, expand their use of technology to facilitate this integration. Understanding the economic and social impact that mobile clinics are having in our communities should provide the evidence to justify policies that will enable expansion and optimal integration of mobile clinics into our healthcare delivery system, and help us address current and future health crises."}, {"pmid": 32323725, "pmcid": "PMC7188177", "title": "In Reply: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Patel, Zara M", "Fernandez-Miranda, Juan", "Hwang, Peter H", "Nayak, Jayakar V", "Dodd, Robert L", "Sajjadi, Hamed", "Jackler, Robert K"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515212, "title": "Palliative care: Essential support for patients with heart failure in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs", "authors": ["Hill, Loreena", "Beattie, James M", "Geller, Tal Prager", "Baruah, Resham", "Boyne, Josiane", "Stolfo, Giuseppe Di", "Jaarsma, Tiny"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302991, "pmcid": "PMC7164321", "title": "Editorial. Innovations in neurosurgical education during the COVID-19 pandemic: is it time to reexamine our neurosurgical training models?", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Tomlinson, Samuel B", "Hendricks, Benjamin K", "Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302991", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399507, "pmcid": "PMC7215155", "title": "Early transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in a southern hemisphere setting: Lima-Peru: February 29th-March 30th, 2020.", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Munayco, Cesar V", "Tariq, Amna", "Rothenberg, Richard", "Soto-Cabezas, Gabriela G", "Reyes, Mary F", "Valle, Andree", "Rojas-Mezarina, Leonardo", "Cabezas, Cesar", "Loayza, Manuel", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399507", "countries": ["China", "Brazil", "Peru"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in Wuhan China has generated substantial morbidity and mortality impact around the world during the last four months. The daily trend in reported cases has been rapidly rising in Latin America since March 2020 with the great majority of the cases reported in Brazil followed by Peru as of April 15th, 2020. Although Peru implemented a range of social distancing measures soon after the confirmation of its first case on March 6th, 2020, the daily number of new COVID-19 cases continues to accumulate in this country. We assessed the early COVID-19 transmission dynamics and the effect of social distancing interventions in Lima, Peru. We estimated the reproduction number, R, during the early transmission phase in Lima from the daily series of imported and autochthonous cases by the date of symptoms onset as of March 30th, 2020. We also assessed the effect of social distancing interventions in Lima by generating short-term forecasts grounded on the early transmission dynamics before interventions were put in place. Prior to the implementation of the social distancing measures in Lima, the local incidence curve by the date of symptoms onset displays near exponential growth dynamics with the mean scaling of growth parameter, p, estimated at 0.9 (95%CI: 0.9,1.0) and the reproduction number at 2.3 (95% CI: 2.0, 2.5). Our analysis indicates that school closures and other social distancing interventions have helped slow down the spread of the novel coronavirus, with the nearly exponential growth trend shifting to an approximately linear growth trend soon after the broad scale social distancing interventions were put in place by the government. While the interventions appear to have slowed the transmission rate in Lima, the number of new COVID-19 cases continue to accumulate, highlighting the need to strengthen social distancing and active case finding efforts to mitigate disease transmission in the region."}, {"pmid": 32278371, "pmcid": "PMC7146687", "title": "Centring sexual and reproductive health and justice in the global COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Hall, Kelli Stidham", "Samari, Goleen", "Garbers, Samantha", "Casey, Sara E", "Diallo, Dazon Dixon", "Orcutt, Miriam", "Moresky, Rachel T", "Martinez, Micaela Elvira", "McGovern, Terry"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278371", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32102856, "pmcid": "PMC7180262", "title": "Negative Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Swabs Do Not Rule Out COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Winichakoon, Poramed", "Chaiwarith, Romanee", "Liwsrisakun, Chalerm", "Salee, Parichat", "Goonna, Aree", "Limsukon, Atikun", "Kaewpoowat, Quanhathai"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32102856", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406932, "pmcid": "PMC7272885", "title": "Restructuring the surgical service during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience from a tertiary institution in Singapore.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Low, T Y", "So, J B Y", "Madhavan, K K", "Hartman, M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406932", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233562, "title": "A mathematical model for the novel coronavirus epidemic in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Math Biosci Eng", "authors": ["Yang, Cha Yu", "Wang, Jin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233562", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We propose a mathematical model to investigate the current outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Our model describes the multiple transmission pathways in the infection dynamics, and emphasizes the role of the environmental reservoir in the transmission and spread of this disease. Our model also employs non-constant transmission rates which change with the epidemiological status and environmental conditions and which reflect the impact of the on-going disease control measures. We conduct a detailed analysis of this model, and demonstrate its application using publicly reported data. Among other findings, our analytical and numerical results indicate that the coronavirus infection would remain endemic, which necessitates long-term disease prevention and intervention programs."}, {"pmid": 32344202, "pmcid": "PMC7161485", "title": "Impact of immune enhancement on Covid-19 polyclonal hyperimmune globulin therapy and vaccine development.", "journal": "EBioMedicine", "authors": ["de Alwis, Ruklanthi", "Chen, Shiwei", "Gan, Esther S", "Ooi, Eng Eong"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344202", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic spread of a novel coronavirus - SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a cause of acute respiratory illness, named Covid-19, is placing the healthcare systems of many countries under unprecedented stress. Global economies are also spiraling towards a recession in fear of this new life-threatening disease. Vaccines that prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and therapeutics that reduces the risk of severe Covid-19 are thus urgently needed. A rapid method to derive antiviral treatment for Covid-19 is the use of convalescent plasma derived hyperimmune globulin. However, both hyperimmune globulin and vaccine development face a common hurdle - the risk of antibody-mediated disease enhancement. The goal of this review is to examine the body of evidence supporting the hypothesis of immune enhancement that could be pertinent to Covid-19. We also discuss how this risk could be mitigated so that both hyperimmune globulin and vaccines could be rapidly translated to overcome the current global health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32480010, "pmcid": "PMC7260562", "title": "Follow your Gut: Challenges in Nutritional Therapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Aguila, Enrik John T", "Antoinette, Marie", "Francisco, Carlos Paolo D"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480010", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303395, "pmcid": "PMC7156245", "title": "Response and Operating Room Preparation for the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Perspective From the National Heart Centre in Singapore.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Tan, Zihui", "Phoon, Priscilla Hui Yi", "Zeng, Ling Antonia", "Fu, Jing", "Lim, Xiao Ting", "Tan, Teing Ee", "Loh, Kenny Wei-Tsen", "Goh, Meng Huat"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303395", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease from a novel coronavirus that was first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, is now a public health emergency and pandemic. Singapore, as a major international transportation hub in Asia, has been one of the worst hit countries by the disease. With the advent of local transmission, the authors share their preparation and response planning for the operating room of the National Heart Centre Singapore, the largest cardiothoracic tertiary center in Singapore. Protection of staff and patients, environmental concerns, and other logistic and equipment issues are considered."}, {"pmid": 32239757, "title": "Converting gas-driven ventilators from oxygen to air.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Ford, P", "Foale, M"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291266, "title": "Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis in Covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sperrin, Matthew", "Grant, Stuart W", "Peek, Niels"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291266", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330460, "pmcid": "PMC7172855", "title": "Treading Lightly in a Pandemic: #Zentensivist Reflections on COVID-19.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Siuba, Matthew T", "Dugar, Siddharth", "Shekar, Kiran"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330460", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392382, "title": "COVID-19: A message of hope from a young girl with severe cystic fibrosis.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Blanchon, Sylvain", "Fernandez, Clara", "Guerin, Sophie", "Crisinel, Pierre-Alex", "Rochat, Isabelle"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392382", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491178, "title": "The issue of recurrently positive patients who recovered from COVID-19 according to the current discharge criteria: investigation of patients from multiple medical institutions in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zou, You", "Wang, Bin-Ru", "Sun, Liu", "Xu, Shan", "Kong, Yong-Gang", "Shen, Li-Jun", "Liang, Geng-Tian", "Chen, Shi-Ming"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491178", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current discharge criteria\u00a0for COVID-19\u00a0require that patients have\u00a0two consecutive negative\u00a0results for RT-PCR\u00a0detection. Here, we observed that recurrently positive RT-PCR test results in patients with three consecutive negative results (3xNegRPos, 5.4%) were significantly decreased compared with those in patients with two consecutive negative results (2xNegRPos, 20.6%); such patients reported positive RT-PCR test results within 1 to 12 days\u00a0after meeting the discharge criteria. These results confirmed that\u00a0many\u00a0recovered patients could show a positive\u00a0RT-PCR test result, and most of these patients could be identified by an additional RT-PCR test prior to discharge."}, {"pmid": 32360960, "pmcid": "PMC7192116", "title": "Implementation Guide for Rapid Integration of an Outpatient Telemedicine Program During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Smith, Whitney R", "Atala, Anthony J", "Terlecki, Ryan P", "Kelly, Erin E", "Matthews, Catherine A"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360960", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, social distancing has been necessary to help prevent disease transmission. As a result, medical practices have limited access to in-person visits. This poses a challenge to maintain appropriate patient care while preventing a substantial backlog of patients once stay-at-home restrictions are lifted. In practices that are na\u00efve to telehealth as an alternative option, providers and staff are experiencing challenges with telemedicine implementation. We aim to provide a comprehensive guide on how to rapidly integrate telemedicine into practice during a pandemic. We built a toolkit that details the following 8 essential components to successful implementation of a telemedicine platform: provider and staff training, patient education, an existing electronic medical record system, patient and provider investment in hardware, billing and coding integration, information technology support, audiovisual platforms, and patient and caregiver participation. Rapid integration of telemedicine in our practice was required to be compliant with our institution's COVID-19 task force. Within 3 days of this declaration, our large specialty-care clinic converted to a telemedicine platform and we completed 638 visits within the first month of implementation. Effective and efficient integration of a telemedicine program requires extensive staff and patient education, accessory platforms to facilitate video and audio communication, and adoption of new billing codes that are outlined in this toolkit."}, {"pmid": 32142887, "pmcid": "PMC7134492", "title": "Practical experiences and suggestions for the 'eagle-eyed observer': a novel promising role for controlling nosocomial infection in the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Peng, J", "Ren, N", "Wang, M", "Zhang, G"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142887", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32210378, "title": "Coronavirus pandemic threatens launch of world's most-expensive telescope.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Witze, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210378", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419926, "pmcid": "PMC7202090", "title": "Use of the informational spectrum methodology for rapid biological analysis of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: prediction of potential receptor, natural reservoir, tropism and therapeutic/vaccine target.", "journal": "F1000Res", "authors": ["Veljkovic, Veljko", "Vergara-Alert, Julia", "Segales, Joaquim", "Paessler, Slobodan"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419926", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus recently identified in Wuhan, China (SARS-CoV-2) has expanded the number of highly pathogenic coronaviruses affecting humans. The SARS-CoV-2 represents a potential epidemic or pandemic threat, which requires a quick response for preparedness against this infection. The present report uses the informational spectrum methodology to identify the possible origin and natural host of the new virus, as well as putative therapeutic and vaccine targets. The performed in silico analysis indicates that the newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and, to a lesser degree, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV. Moreover, the well-known SARS-CoV receptor (ACE2) might be a putative receptor for the novel virus as well. Actin protein was also suggested as a host factor that participates in cell entry and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2; therefore, drugs modulating biological activity of this protein (e.g. ibuprofen) were suggested as potential candidates for treatment of this viral infection. Additional results indicated that civets and poultry are potential candidates for the natural reservoir of the SARS-CoV-2, and that domain 288-330 of S1 protein from the SARS-CoV-2 represents promising therapeutic and/or vaccine target."}, {"pmid": 32388880, "pmcid": "PMC7273104", "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A case report and review of recent literature.", "journal": "J Peripher Nerv Syst", "authors": ["Scheidl, Erika", "Canseco, Daniel Diez", "Hadji-Naumov, Aleksandar", "Bereznai, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388880", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy (AIDP) is the most common type of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) in Europe, following several viral and bacterial infections. Data on AIDP-patients associated with SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus-2) infection are scarce. We describe the case of a 54-years-old Caucasian female patient with typical clinical and electrophysiological manifestations of AIDP, who was reported positive with PCR for SARS-CoV-2, 3\u2009weeks prior to onset of the neurological symptoms. She did not experience a preceding fever or respiratory symptoms, but a transient loss of smell and taste. At the admission to our neurological department, a progressive proximally pronounced paraparesis, areflexia, and sensory loss with tingling of all extremities were found, which began 10\u2009days before. The modified Erasmus Giullain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome outcome score (mEGOS) was 3/9 at admission and 1/12 at day 7 of hospitalization. The electrophysiological assessment proved a segmental demyelinating polyneuropathy and cerebrospinal fluid examination showed an albuminocytologic dissociation. The neurological symptoms improved significantly during treatment with immunoglobulins. Our case draws attention to the occurrence of GBS also in patients with COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), who did not experience respiratory or general symptoms. It emphasizes that SARS-CoV-2 induces immunological processes, regardless from the lack of prodromic symptoms. However, it is likely that there is a connection between the severity of the respiratory syndrome and further neurological consequences."}, {"pmid": 32437283, "title": "Policy Lessons From Early Reactions to the COVID-19 Virus in China.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Liu, Yu", "Saltman, Richard B"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437283", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 virus outbreak to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on January 30, 2020. Although the Chinese central government implemented significant measures to control the epidemic from January 20 within China, the crisis had already escalated dramatically.Between December 1, 2019, and January 20, 2020, a total of 51 days passed before the Chinese central government took full control. Several major factors combined to cause what had been in retrospect a clear break in the governmental information chain between December 1 and January 20. The management of this epidemic also illustrated key organizational limitations of the current Chinese health system, in particular provincial-level senior officials' lack of knowledge and awareness of potential public health risks and insufficient emergency medical material storage and logistics arrangements.We review the specific disease control actions that the Chinese central government took between January 20 and January 27, the major reasons why the governmental information chain had broken before January 20, and key structural health system limitations highlighted as the epidemic expanded. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 21, 2020: e1-e4. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305732)."}, {"pmid": 32240754, "pmcid": "PMC7171263", "title": "Creating a Palliative Care Inpatient Response Plan for COVID-19-The UW Medicine Experience.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Fausto, James", "Hirano, Lianne", "Lam, Daniel", "Mehta, Amisha", "Mills, Blair", "Owens, Darrell", "Perry, Elizabeth", "Curtis, J Randall"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240754", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is stressing health care systems throughout the world. Significant numbers of patients are being admitted to the hospital with severe illness, often in the setting of advanced age and underlying comorbidities. Therefore, palliative care is an important part of the response to this pandemic. The Seattle area and UW Medicine have been on the forefront of the pandemic in the U.S. UW Medicine developed a strategy to implement a palliative care response for a multihospital health care system that incorporates conventional capacity, contingency capacity, and crisis capacity. The strategy was developed by our palliative care programs with input from the health care system leadership. In this publication, we share our multifaceted strategy to implement high-quality palliative care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic that incorporates conventional, contingency, and crisis capacity and focuses on the areas of the hospital caring for the most patients: the emergency department, intensive care units, and acute care services. The strategy focuses on key content areas, including identifying and addressing goals of care, addressing moderate and severe symptoms, and supporting family members. Strategy planning for delivery of high-quality palliative care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic represents an important area of need for our health care systems. We share our experiences of developing such a strategy to help other institutions conduct and adapt such strategies more quickly."}, {"pmid": 32362288, "pmcid": "PMC7225213", "title": "A coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in a hospital and hospital closure: A note.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mungmunpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530813, "title": "The Story of #GetMePPE and GetUsPPE.org - Rapidly Deploying Digital Tools for Better Healthcare.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["He, Shuhan", "Ojo, Ayotomiwa", "Beckman, Adam", "Gondi, Suhas", "Ranney, Megan", "Betz, Marian", "Faust, Jeremy", "Choo, Esther", "Kass, Dara", "Raja, Ali"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530813", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Physicians, nurses, and other healthcare providers initiated the #GetMePPE movement on Twitter to spread awareness of the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dwindling supplies, such as face masks, gowns and goggles, and inadequate production to meet increasing demands, has left healthcare workers and patients at risk. The momentum of this Twitter hashtag resulted in a petition to urge public officials to address the PPE shortage through increased funding and production. Simultaneously, GetUsPPE.org was launched by a collaborative of physicians and software engineers to develop a digital platform for the donation, request, and distribution of multi-modal sources of PPE. GetUsPPE.org and #GetMePPE merged in an attempt to combine public engagement and advocacy on social media with the coordination of PPE donation and distribution. Within ten days, over 1800 hospitals and PPE suppliers were registered in a database that allowed for the rapid coordination and distribution of scarce and in-demand materials. One month after its launch, the organization has distributed hundreds of thousands of items of PPE and built a database of over 6,000 PPE requesters[1] The call for action on social media and the rapid development of this digital tool created a productive channel for the public to contribute to the healthcare response to COVID-19 in meaningful ways. #GetMePPE and GetUsPPE.org were able to mobilize individuals and organizations outside of the healthcare system to address the unmet needs of the medical community. The success of GetUsPPE.org demonstrates the potential of digital tools as a platform for larger healthcare institutions (table 1) to rapidly address urgent issues in healthcare. In this manuscript, we outline this process and discuss key factors determining success."}, {"pmid": 32489931, "pmcid": "PMC7242288", "title": "Early minimal lesions of COVID-19 pneumonia with interstitial lung abnormality: a case description.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Lei, Shaoyang", "Wu, Yanhui", "Dong, Chunjiao", "Xing, Weihong", "Chen, Yingmin", "Jia, Xiuchuan", "Liu, Ronghui", "Wang, Lianqing", "Ye, Yufang", "Zhang, Shuqian"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489931", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323565, "title": "Is Low Alveolar Type II Cell SOD3 in the Lungs of Elderly Linked to the Observed Severity of COVID-19?", "journal": "Antioxid Redox Signal", "authors": ["Abouhashem, Ahmed S", "Singh, Kanhaiya", "Azzazy, Hassan M E", "Sen, Chandan K"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323565", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human lungs single-cell RNA sequencing data from healthy donors (elderly and young; GEO accession no. GSE122960) were analyzed to isolate and specifically study gene expression in alveolar type II cells. Colocalization of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and TMPRSS2 enables severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV 2) to enter the cells. Expression levels of these genes in the alveolar type II cells of elderly and young patients were comparable and, therefore, do not seem to be responsible for worse outcomes observed in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected elderly. In cells from the elderly, 263 genes were downregulated and 95 upregulated. Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) was identified as the top-ranked gene that was most downregulated in the elderly. Other redox-active genes that were also downregulated in cells from the elderly included activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and metallothionein 2A (M2TA). ATF4 is an endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor that defends lungs via induction of heme oxygenase 1. The study of downstream factors known to be induced by ATF4, according to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis\u2122, identified 24 candidates. Twenty-one of these were significantly downregulated in the cells from the elderly. These downregulated candidates were subjected to enrichment using the Reactome Database identifying that in the elderly, the ability to respond to heme deficiency and the ATF4-dependent ability to respond to endoplasmic reticulum stress is significantly compromised. SOD3-based therapeutic strategies have provided beneficial results in treating lung disorders including fibrosis. The findings of this study propose the hypotheses that lung-specific delivery of SOD3/ATF4-related antioxidants will work in synergy with promising antiviral drugs such as remdesivir to further improve COVID-19 outcomes in the elderly."}, {"pmid": 32427172, "pmcid": "PMC7233207", "title": "COVID-19 Antibody Testing in Pregnancy.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Zullo, Fabrizio", "Di Mascio, Daniele", "Saccone, Gabriele"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427172", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302278, "pmcid": "PMC7234686", "title": "The Appropriate Use of Testing for COVID-19.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Zitek, Tony"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302278", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many public officials are calling for increased testing for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and some governments have taken extraordinary measures to increase the availability of testing. However, little has been published about the sensitivity and specificity of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) nasopharyngeal swabs that are commonly used for testing. This narrative review evaluates the literature regarding the accuracy of these tests, and makes recommendations based on this literature. In brief, a negative RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab test is insufficient to rule out COVID-19. Thus, over-reliance on the results of the test may be dangerous, and the push for widespread testing may be overstated."}, {"pmid": 32342164, "pmcid": "PMC7184943", "title": "Emergency Responses to Covid-19 Outbreak: Experiences and Lessons from a General Hospital in Nanjing, China.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Shen, Yang", "Cui, Ying", "Li, Ning", "Tian, Chen", "Chen, Ming", "Zhang, Ye-Wei", "Huang, Ying-Zi", "Chen, Hui", "Kong, Qing-Fang", "Zhang, Qun", "Teng, Gao-Jun"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342164", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused wide dissemination across the world. Global health systems are facing the unprecedented challenges. Here we shared the experiences and lessons in emergency responses and management from our hospital, a government-assigned regional anti-Covid-19 general hospital in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Our periodic strategies in dealing with Covid-19 were described in detail. An administrative response including the establishment of Emergency Leadership Committee that was in full charge of management was established. Modifications of infrastructure including the Fever Clinic, inpatient ward, outpatient clinic and operation room were carried out. Special arrangements for outpatient services, hospitalization and surgeries were introduced. Medical personnel training and patient educations were performed. Initiations of Covid-19 researches and application of information technology were introduced. Since January 16, three cases have been confirmed in our hospital and no healthcare-associated infection was found. During the epidemics, 6.46% staffs suffered depression, 9.87% had anxiety, and 98% were satisfied with the infection control policy. Shortages in staffs and medical consumables, and limitation in space were the obstacles we encountered. As the cost of in-hospital transmission is unbearable, our experiences and lessons suggested that prompt actions should be taken immediately to decrease or eliminate potential in-hospital transmission. Experience shared herein may be useful for those facilities that are and may encounter Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32305586, "pmcid": "PMC7162769", "title": "Upsurge of deep venous thrombosis in patients affected by COVID-19: Preliminary data and possible explanations.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord", "authors": ["Marone, Enrico M", "Rinaldi, Luigi F"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305586", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273611, "pmcid": "PMC7144578", "title": "A framework for identifying regional outbreak and spread of COVID-19 from one-minute population-wide surveys.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Rossman, Hagai", "Keshet, Ayya", "Shilo, Smadar", "Gavrieli, Amir", "Bauman, Tal", "Cohen, Ori", "Shelly, Esti", "Balicer, Ran", "Geiger, Benjamin", "Dor, Yuval", "Segal, Eran"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273611", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370065, "pmcid": "PMC7246904", "title": "Hybridization Chain Reactions Targeting the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Wu, Tzu-Heng", "Chang, Chia-Chen", "Yang, Ching-Hsu", "Lin, Wei-Yin", "Ee, Tan Joy", "Lin, Chii-Wann"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370065", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this work, hybridization chain reactions (HCRs) toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid phosphoproteins gene loci and human RNase P are proposed to provide an isothermal amplification screening tool. The proposed chain reactions target the complementary DNA (cDNA) of SARS-CoV-2, with loci corresponding to gold-standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) loci. Four hybridization chain reaction reactions are demonstrated herein, targeting N1/N2/N3 loci and human RNase P. The design of the hybridization chain reaction, herein, is assisted with an algorithm. The algorithm helps to search target sequences with low local secondary structure and high hybridization efficiency. The loop domain of the fuel hairpin molecule H1 and H2, which are the tunable segments in such reactions, are used as an optimization parameter to improve the hybridization efficiency of the chain reaction. The algorithm-derived HCR reactions were validated with gel electrophoresis. All proposed reactions exhibit a hybridization complex with a molecular mass >1.5k base pairs, which is clear evidence of chain reaction. The hybridization efficiency trend revealed by gel electrophoresis corresponds nicely to the simulated data from the algorithm. The HCR reactions and the corresponding algorithm serve as a basis to further SARS-CoV-2 sensing applications and facilitate better screening strategies for the prevention of on-going pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32437944, "pmcid": "PMC7207118", "title": "Development and Implementation of a Clinician-Facing Prognostic Communication Tool for Patients With COVID-19 and Critical Illness.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Gibbon, Lindsay M", "GrayBuck, Katherine E", "Buck, Laura I", "Huang, Kuang-Ning", "Penumarthy, Neela L", "Wu, Shirou", "Curtis, J Randall"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437944", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective prognostication for a novel disease presents significant challenges, especially given the stress induced during a pandemic. We developed a point-of-care tool to summarize outcome data for critically ill patients with COVID-19 and help guide clinicians through a thoughtful prognostication process. Two authors reviewed studies of outcomes of patients with critical illness due to COVID-19 and created a visual infographic tool based on available data. Survival data were supplemented by descriptions of best- and worst-case clinical scenarios. The tool also included prompts for clinician reflection designed to enhance awareness of cognitive biases that may affect prognostic accuracy. This online, open-source COVID-19 Prognostication Tool has been made available to all clinicians at our institution and is updated weekly to reflect evolving data. Our COVID-19 Prognostication Tool may provide a useful approach to promoting consistent and high-quality prognostic communication across a health care system."}, {"pmid": 32379863, "pmcid": "PMC7239240", "title": "Metagenomic analysis reveals clinical SARS-CoV-2 infection and bacterial or viral superinfection and colonization.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Peddu, Vikas", "Shean, Ryan C", "Xie, Hong", "Shrestha, Lasata", "Perchetti, Garrett A", "Minot, Samuel S", "Roychoudhury, Pavitra", "Huang, Meei-Li", "Nalla, Arun", "Reddy, Shriya B", "Phung, Quynh", "Reinhardt, Adam", "Jerome, Keith R", "Greninger, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379863", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "More than two months separated the initial description of SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of its widespread dissemination in the United States. Despite this lengthy interval, implementation of specific quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 tests in the US has been slow, and testing is still not widely available. Metagenomic sequencing offers the promise of unbiased detection of emerging pathogens, without requiring prior knowledge of the identity of the responsible agent or its genomic sequence. To evaluate metagenomic approaches in the context of the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, laboratory-confirmed positive and negative samples from Seattle, Washington were evaluated by metagenomic sequencing, with comparison to a 2019 reference genomic database created before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. Within 36\u2009hours our results showed clear identification of a novel human Betacoronavirus, closely related to known Betacoronaviruses of bats, in laboratory-proven cases of SARS-CoV-2. A subset of samples also showed superinfection or colonization with human parainfluenza virus 3 or Moraxella species, highlighting the need to test directly for SARS-CoV-2 as opposed to ruling out an infection using a viral respiratory panel. Samples negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR were also negative by metagenomic analysis, and positive for Rhinovirus A and C. Unlike targeted SARS-CoV-2 qRT-PCR testing, metagenomic analysis of these SARS-CoV-2 negative samples identified candidate etiological agents for the patients' respiratory symptoms. Taken together, these results demonstrate the value of metagenomic analysis in the monitoring and response to this and future viral pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32430307, "title": "Covid-19: The US state copying a global health template for contact tracing success.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430307", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496587, "title": "Distribution of ACE2, CD147, CD26 and other SARS-CoV-2 associated molecules in tissues and immune cells in health and in asthma, COPD, obesity, hypertension, and COVID-19 risk factors.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Radzikowska, U", "Ding, M", "Tan, G", "Zhakparov, D", "Peng, Y", "Wawrzyniak, P", "Wang, M", "Li, S", "Morita, H", "Altunbulakli, C", "Reiger, M", "Neumann, A U", "Lunjani, N", "Traidl-Hoffmann, C", "Nadeau, K", "O'Mahony, L", "Akdis, C A", "Sokolowska, M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496587", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is accelerating worldwide and novel clinical presentations of COVID-19 are often reported. The range of human cells and tissues targeted by SARS-CoV-2, its potential receptors and associated regulating factors are still largely unknown. The aim of our study was to analyze the expression of known and potential SARS-CoV-2 receptors and related molecules in the extensive collection of primary human cells and tissues from healthy subjects of different age and from patients with risk factors and known comorbidities of COVID-19. We performed RNA sequencing and explored available RNA-Seq databases to study gene expression and co-expression of ACE2, CD147 (BSG), CD26 (DPP4) and their direct and indirect molecular partners in primary human bronchial epithelial cells, bronchial and skin biopsies, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocytes, neutrophils, DCs, NK cells, ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells and plasmablasts. We analyzed the material from healthy children and adults, and from adults in relation to their disease or COVID-19 risk factor status. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were coexpressed at the epithelial sites of the lung and skin, whereas CD147 (BSG), cyclophilins (PPIA and PPIB), CD26 (DPP4) and related molecules were expressed in both, epithelium and in immune cells. We also observed a distinct age-related expression profile of these genes in the PBMCs and T cells from healthy children and adults. Asthma, COPD, hypertension, smoking, obesity, and male gender status generally led to the higher expression of ACE2- and CD147-related genes in the bronchial biopsy, BAL or blood. Additionally, CD147-related genes correlated positively with age and BMI. Interestingly, we also observed higher expression of ACE2- and CD147-related genes in the lesional skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. Our data suggest different receptor repertoire potentially involved in the SARS-CoV-2 infection at the epithelial barriers and in the immune cells. Altered expression of these receptors related with age, gender, obesity and smoking, as well as with the disease status might contribute to COVID-19 morbidity and severity patterns."}, {"pmid": 32113991, "pmcid": "PMC7154515", "title": "Trend and forecasting of the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Li, Qiang", "Feng, Wei", "Quan, Ying-Hui"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113991", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310190, "title": "Coronavirus drugs: Using plasma from recovered patients as a treatment for COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Risk Saf Med", "authors": ["Alzoughool, Foad", "Alanagreh, Lo'ai"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310190", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has infected nearly 3,582,233 individuals with 248,558 deaths since it was first identified in human populations in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. No antiviral therapies or vaccines are available for their treatment or prevention. Passive immunization PI through broadly neutralizing antibodies that bind to the specific antigens of SARS-CoV 2 might be a potential solution to address the immediate health threat of COVID-19 pandemic while vaccines are being developed. The PI approach in treating COVID-19 is discussed herein, including a summary of its historical applications to confront epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32243239, "pmcid": "PMC7233400", "title": "Regarding \"Artificial Intelligence Distinguishes COVID-19 from Community Acquired Pneumonia on Chest CT\".", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Dadario, Andrew Maranhao Ventura", "Paiva, Joselisa Peres Queiroz", "Chate, Rodrigo Caruso", "Machado, Birajara Soares", "Szarf, Gilberto"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243239", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463735, "title": "Iran Without Mandatory Quarantine and with Social Distancing Strategy Against Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Health Secur", "authors": ["Abdi, Milad", "Mirzaei, Rasoul"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463735", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458599, "title": "[Pharmacological characteristics of chloroquine and suggestions for its use in treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Gao, Q"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458599", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China by the end of 2019, and then, the disease spread across China and became a global pandemic. Nevertheless, there are no effective treatments or vaccines for COVID-19 until now. In addition to the treatment of patients with COVID-19, the China Medical Treatment Expert Group for COVID-19 is active to study and screen effective antiviral drugs, and has found that chloroquine, an old antimalarial,shows activity against SARS-CoV-2. Then, chloroquine was included in the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 in China (version 6) issued by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Currently, chloroquine phosphate and hydroxychloroquine sulfate, two chloroquine derivatives, are under clinical use. Although these two agents exhibit similar mechanisms of drug actions, there is a difference between these two chemicals in terms of target populations, therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions. This paper summarizes the currently available data and experiences from clinical treatment for malaria with chloroquine drugs, so as to provide insights into the more rational use of chloroquine agents for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32495579, "title": "[Usage of ethnomedicine on COVID-19 in China].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Zhi-Yong", "Tuya", "Li, Hai-Tao", "He, Jiang", "Quesheng", "Dong, Guang-Ping", "Zhang, Ming-Shuo", "Liu, Jian-Qin", "Huang, Xiu-Lan", "Wang, Xiao-Rong", "Bolat, Makabel", "Feng, Xin", "Zhang, Fang-Bo", "Jiang, Feng"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495579", "countries": ["China", "Mongolia"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of viral pneumonia began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, which caused the spread of infectious pneumonia to a certain extent in China and neighboring countries and regions, and triggered the epidemic crisis. The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease listed as a B infectious disease, which is managed according to standards for A infectious disease. Traditional Chinese medicine and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine have played an active role in the prevention and control of this epidemic. China's ethnomedicine has recognized infectious diseases since ancient times, and formed a medical system including theory, therapies, formula and herbal medicines for such diseases. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Chuxiong Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan, Qiandongnan Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou have issued the prevention and control programs for COVID-19 using Tibetan, Mongolian, Uygur, Yi and Miao medicines. These programs reflect the wisdom of ethnomedicine in preventing and treating diseases, which have successfully extracted prescriptions and preventive measures for the outbreak of the epidemic from their own medical theories and traditional experiences. In this paper, we summarized and explained the prescriptions and medicinal materials of ethnomedicine in these programs, and the origin of Tibetan medicine prescriptions and Mongolian medicine prescriptions in ancient books were studied. These become the common characteristics of medical prevention and treatment programs for ethnomedicine to formulate therapeutic programs under the guidance of traditional medicine theories, recommend prescriptions and prevention and treatment methods with characteristics of ethnomedicine, and focus on the conve-nience and standardization. However, strengthening the support of science and technology and the popularization to the public, and improving the participation of ethnomedicine in national public health services and the capacity-building to deal with sudden and critical diseases are key contents in the development of ethnomedicine in the future."}, {"pmid": 32337045, "pmcid": "PMC7170399", "title": "Eating disorders in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Touyz, Stephen", "Lacey, Hubert", "Hay, Phillipa"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337045", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392333, "pmcid": "PMC7239255", "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Zimbabwe: Quo vadis?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Katsidzira, Leolin", "Gwaunza, Lenon", "Hakim, James G"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392333", "countries": ["Zimbabwe"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The trajectory, and impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa is unclear, but it is seemingly varied between different countries, with most reporting low numbers. We use the situation in Zimbabwe to build an argument that the epidemic is likely to be attenuated in some countries with similar socio-economic and cultural structures. However, even an attenuated epidemic may overwhelm weak health systems, emphasising the importance of prevention. These prevention strategies should be tailored to the unique social and cultural networks of individual countries which may facilitate the spread of SARS-CoV 2. It is also equally important to maintain services for the major infectious diseases in the region such as tuberculosis and malaria. A breakdown of treatment and prevention services for these conditions may even overshadow the projected morbidity and mortality from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32417446, "pmcid": "PMC7224677", "title": "Health and Economic Outcomes of Home Maintenance Allergen Immunotherapy in Select Patients with High Health Literacy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis During Exceptional Times.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Shaker, Marcus S", "Mosnaim, Giselle", "Oppenheimer, John", "Stukus, David", "Abrams, Elissa M", "Greenhawt, Matthew"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417446", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is safe and effective but is typically administered under strict clinic observation to mitigate the risk of a systemic reaction to immunotherapy (SRIT). However, in the setting of the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, alternative care models should be explored. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of home immunotherapy self-administration (HITSA) in a highly idealized circumstance for provision of maintenance AIT in a shelter-in-place or other scenarios of unforeseen reduction in nonessential medical services. Markov modeling was used to compare in-office clinic AIT in selected patients using cohort analysis and microsimulation from the societal and health care perspectives. Assuming similar SRIT rates, HITSA was found to be a cost-effective option with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $44,554/quality-adjusted life-year when considering both incremental epinephrine autoinjector costs and coronavirus disease 2019 risks. Excluding epinephrine autoinjector costs, HISTA dominated other options. However, outside of pandemic considerations, HITSA was not cost-effective (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, $198,877,286) at annual epinephrine autoinjector costs above $287. As the incremental HITSA SRIT rate increased above 15%, clinic AIT was the most cost-effective strategy. Excluding both pandemic risks and risk of motor vehicle accident fatality from round-trip clinic transit, clinic AIT dominated other strategies. Clinic AIT was the more cost-effective option at very high fatality relative risk for HITSA or at very low annual risk of contracting coronavirus disease\u00a02019. Under idealized assumptions HITSA can be a safe and cost-effective option during a global pandemic in appropriately selected patients provided home rates of SRIT remain stable."}, {"pmid": 32243269, "pmcid": "PMC7176263", "title": "Gastrointestinal and liver manifestations in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Lee, I-Cheng", "Huo, Teh-Ia", "Huang, Yi-Hsiang"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243269", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread over the world, the World Health Organization has declared the outbreak of COVID-19 an international public health emergency. Besides typical respiratory symptoms and signs of COVID-19, digestive symptoms and liver injury have been frequently reported during the course of the disease. In this review, we summarized the recent studies reporting of gastrointestinal and liver manifestations during the course of COVID-19. Digestive symptoms, including anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, are not uncommon in patients with COVID-19, and in some cases digestive symptoms may occur in the absence of any respiratory symptoms. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in the stool of infected patients, implicating the possibility of fecal-oral transmission. Attention should also be paid to monitor liver function during the course of COVID-19, especially in patients with higher disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32404304, "title": "Covid-19 contact tracing: a briefing.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Baraniuk, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404304", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378854, "title": "Loss of smell or taste as the only symptom of COVID-19.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Hjelmesaeth, Joran", "Skaare, Dagfinn"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378854", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Olfactory and taste disorders (OTDs) have recently been reported among patients with COVID-19, and it has been hypothesised that oral and nasal tissues may contain host cells of SARS-CoV-2. We report on two cases (spouses) with SARS-CoV-2 infection with self-reported OTDs, but otherwise no typical respiratory symptoms of COVID-19. A man in his nineties (index patient) had respiratory symptoms and dysgeusia, and was diagnosed with COVID-19. His daughter-in-law and son had no respiratory COVID-19 symptoms. However, they experienced complete loss of smell and taste, respectively, 7 and 10 days after their first close contact with the index patient. Both tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Our case histories support recent reports hypothesising that anosmia and ageusia may be the only symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and that SARS-CoV-2\u00a0may infect oral and nasal tissues. Together, these findings may inform future research, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32356096, "pmcid": "PMC7192057", "title": "A plea for unification of surgical guidelines in the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Hernia", "authors": ["East, B", "Kaufmann, R", "de Beaux, A C"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356096", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32188819, "title": "Analysis of COVID-19 infection spread in Japan based on stochastic transition model.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Karako, Kenji", "Song, Peipei", "Chen, Yu", "Tang, Wei"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188819", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the effectiveness of response strategies of avoiding large gatherings or crowded areas and to predict the spread of COVID-19 infections in Japan, we developed a stochastic transmission model by extending the Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) epidemiological model with an additional modeling of the individual action on whether to stay away from the crowded areas. The population were divided into three compartments: Susceptible, Infected, Removed. Susceptible transitions to Infected every hour with a probability determined by the ratio of Infected and the congestion of area. The total area consists of three zones crowded zone, mid zone and uncrowded zone, with different infection probabilities characterized by the number of people gathered there. The time for each people to spend in the crowded zone is curtailed by 0, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8 hours, and the time spent in mid zone is extended accordingly. This simulation showed that the number of Infected and Removed will increase rapidly if there is no reduction of the time spent in crowded zone. On the other hand, the stagnant growth of Infected can be observed when the time spent in the crowded zone is reduced to 4 hours, and the growth number of Infected will decrease and the spread of the infection will subside gradually if the time spent in the crowded zone is further cut to 2 hours. In conclusions The infection spread in Japan will be gradually contained by reducing the time spent in the crowded zone to less than 4 hours."}, {"pmid": 32420930, "title": "Primum non nocere. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic course in oldest.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Cucinotta, Domenico"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420930", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dramatic outcomes of Covid-19 pandemia in Italy, in particular in the North, must be discussed. Maybe a bad strategy and lack of timely intervention togheter with concurrent social events, comorbidities of oldest persons, bed rest, inadequate nutritional support and drugs' side effects and infection of health professionals\u00a0 proved fatal for many."}, {"pmid": 32278338, "pmcid": "PMC7262247", "title": "Exploring possible mechanisms for COVID-19 induced thrombocytopenia: Unanswered questions.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Amgalan, Ariunzaya", "Othman, Maha"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278338", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400049, "pmcid": "PMC7272920", "title": "Invasive strategy for COVID patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome: The first multicenter Italian experience.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Secco, Gioel Gabrio", "Tarantini, Giuseppe", "Mazzarotto, Pietro", "Garbo, Roberto", "Parisi, Rosario", "Maggio, Silvia", "Vercellino, Matteo", "Pistis, Gianfranco", "Audo, Andrea", "Kozel, Daniela", "Centini, Giacomo", "Di Mario, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400049", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report our initial experience of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing standard of care invasive management. The rapid diffusion of the SARS-CoV-2 together with the need for isolation for infected patients might be responsible for a suboptimal treatment for SARS-CoV-2 ACS patients. Recently, the group of Sichuan published a protocol for COVID/ACS infected patients that see the thrombolysis as the gold standard of care. We enrolled 31 consecutive patients affected by SARS-COV-2 admitted to our emergencies room for suspected ACS. All patients underwent urgent coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) when required except two patients with severe hypoxemia and unstable hemodynamic condition that were conservatively treated. Twenty-one cases presented diffuse ST-segment depression while in the remaining cases anterior and inferior ST-elevation was present in four and six cases, respectively. PCI was performed in all cases expect two that were diagnosed as suspected myocarditis because of the absence of severe coronary disease and three with apical ballooning at ventriculography diagnostic for Tako-Tsubo syndromes. Two patients conservatively treated died. The remaining patients undergoing PCI survived except one that required endotracheal intubation (ETI) and died at Day 6. ETI was required in five more patients while in the remaining cases CPAP was used for respiratory support. Urgent PCI for ACS is often required in SARS-CoV-2 patients improving the prognosis in all but the most advanced patients. Complete patient history and examination, routine ECG monitoring, echocardiography, and careful evaluation of changes in cardiac enzymes should be part of the regular assessment procedures also in dedicated COVID positive units."}, {"pmid": 32340566, "pmcid": "PMC7241546", "title": "COVID-19: an FY1 on the frontline.", "journal": "Med Educ Online", "authors": ["Jeyabaladevan, Priyancaa"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340566", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global spread of COVID-19 has put increased pressure on the NHS. The Government has put in a number of strategies to cope with this pandemic, which includes increasing funding for the NHS. However, increased funding itself will not ease the workload. With a number of our staff isolating from work due to COVID-19, we as the workforce have to step out of comfort zones and work in unfamiliar specialties. These are unprecedented times and are placing strains on our health service. Nonetheless, we as healthcare professionals have taken oaths that we are honouring and will continue to do so, till this virus is put to rest."}, {"pmid": 32307609, "pmcid": "PMC7167215", "title": "Critically ill SARS-CoV-2-infected patients are not stratified as sepsis by the qSOFA.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Ferreira, Marion", "Blin, Timothee", "Collercandy, Nived", "Szychowiak, Piotr", "Dequin, Pierre-Francois", "Jouan, Youenn", "Guillon, Antoine"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307609", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413201, "title": "Symptoms and immunoglobulin development in hospital staff exposed to a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Brandstetter, Susanne", "Roth, Samra", "Harner, Susanne", "Buntrock-Dopke, Heike", "Toncheva, Antoaneta", "Borchers, Natascha", "Gruber, Rudolf", "Ambrosch, Andreas", "Kabesch, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413201", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Worldwide, the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections is increasing. Serological immunoglobulin tests may help to better understand the development of immune mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases and exposed but asymptomatic individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate exposure to SARS-CoV-2, symptoms and antibody responses in a large sample of health care workers following a COVID-19 outbreak. A COVID-19 outbreak among staff members of a major German children's and women's hospital was followed by massive RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 tests and provided the opportunity to study symptoms, chains of infection and SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses (IgG and IgA) by ELISA. Study participants were classified as COVID-19 cases, and persons with close, moderate or no exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in the clinical setting, respectively. Out of 201 study participants, 31 were COVID-19 cases. While most study participants experienced many symptoms indicative for SARS-CoV-2 infection, anosmia and coughing were remarkably more frequent in COVID-19 cases. Approximately 80% of COVID-19 cases developed some specific antibody response (IgA and IgG) approximately 3 weeks after onset of symptoms. Subjects in the non COVID-19 groups had also elevated IgG (1.8%) and IgA values (7.6%) irrespective of contact history with cases. We found that a significant number of diseased did not develop relevant antibody responses three weeks after symptom onset. Our data also suggests that exposure to COVID-19 positive co-workers in a hospital setting is not leading to the development of measurable immune responses in a significant proportion of asymptomatic contact-persons."}, {"pmid": 32247320, "pmcid": "PMC7270591", "title": "Fangcang shelter hospitals: a novel concept for responding to public health emergencies.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chen, Simiao", "Zhang, Zongjiu", "Yang, Juntao", "Wang, Jian", "Zhai, Xiaohui", "Barnighausen, Till", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247320", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fangcang shelter hospitals are a novel public health concept. They were implemented for the first time in China in February, 2020, to tackle the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The Fangcang shelter hospitals in China were large-scale, temporary hospitals, rapidly built by converting existing public venues, such as stadiums and exhibition centres, into health-care facilities. They served to isolate patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 from their families and communities, while providing medical care, disease monitoring, food, shelter, and social activities. We document the development of Fangcang shelter hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak in China and explain their three key characteristics (rapid construction, massive scale, and low cost) and five essential functions (isolation, triage, basic medical care, frequent monitoring and rapid referral, and essential living and social engagement). Fangcang shelter hospitals could be powerful components of national responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as future epidemics and public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32461146, "pmcid": "PMC7246048", "title": "COVID-19: Joint Statement on Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508038, "title": "Can routine laboratory tests discriminate SARS-CoV-2-infected pneumonia from other causes of community-acquired pneumonia?", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Pan, Yunbao", "Ye, Guangming", "Zeng, Xiantao", "Liu, Guohong", "Zeng, Xiaojiao", "Jiang, Xianghu", "Zhao, Jin", "Chen, Liangjun", "Guo, Shuang", "Deng, Qiaoling", "Hong, Xiaoyue", "Yang, Ying", "Li, Yirong", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508038", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) resembles that of other etiologies of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to identify clinical laboratory features to distinguish COVID-19 from CAP. We compared the hematological and biochemical features of 84 patients with COVID-19 at hospital admission and 221 patients with CAP. Parameters independently predictive of COVID-19 were calculated by multivariate logistic regression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was measured to evaluate the discriminative ability. Most hematological and biochemical indexes of patients with COVID-19 were significantly different from patients with CAP. Nine laboratory parameters were identified to be predictive of a diagnosis of COVID-19. The AUCs demonstrated good discriminatory ability for red cell distribution width (RDW) with an AUC of 0.87 and hemoglobin with an AUC of 0.81. Red blood cell, albumin, eosinophil, hematocrit, alkaline phosphatase, and mean platelet volume had fair discriminatory ability. Combinations of any two parameters performed better than did the RDW alone. Routine laboratory examinations may be helpful for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Application of laboratory tests may help to optimize the use of isolation rooms for patients when they present with unexplained febrile respiratory illnesses."}, {"pmid": 32500854, "title": "Primary Respiratory Bacterial Coinfections in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Chaudhary, Waqas Ahmed", "Chong, Pui Lin", "Mani, Babu Ivan", "Asli, Rosmonaliza", "Momin, Riamiza Natalie", "Abdullah, Muhammad Syafiq", "Chong, Vui Heng"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500854", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Primary Respiratory Bacterial Coinfections in Patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32396018, "title": "Patient-Driven Discontinuation of Apremilast During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Two Canadian Academic Hospital Clinics and One Community Practice.", "journal": "J Cutan Med Surg", "authors": ["Georgakopoulos, Jorge R", "Vender, Ron", "Yeung, Jensen"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396018", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523133, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 downregulation of ACE2 and pleiotropic effects of ACEIs/ARBs.", "journal": "Hypertens Res", "authors": ["Ciulla, Michele M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523133", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436005, "pmcid": "PMC7239347", "title": "How does the COVID-19 pandemic affect the preoperative evaluation and anesthesia applied for urinary stones? EULIS eCORE-IAU multicenter collaborative cohort study.", "journal": "Urolithiasis", "authors": ["Gokce, Mehmet Ilker", "Yin, Shanfeng", "Sonmez, Mehmet Giray", "Eryildirim, Bilal", "Kallidonis, Panagiotis", "Petkova, Kremena", "Guven, Selcuk", "Kiremit, Murat Can", "de Lorenzis, Elisa", "Tefik, Tzevat", "Villa, Luca", "Zeng, Guohua", "Sarica, Kemal"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436005", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Stone disease is a unique condition that requires appropriate management in a timely manner as it can result in both emergent conditions and long term effects on kidney functions. In this study it is aimed to identify the up-to-date practice patterns related to preoperative evaluation and anesthesia for stone disease interventions during COVID-19 pandemic. The data of 473 patients from 11 centers in 5 different countries underwent interventions for urinary stones during the Covid-19 pandemic was collected and analyzed retrospectively. Information on the type of the stone related conditions, management strategies, anesthesiologic evaluation, anesthesia methods, and any alterations related to COVID-19 pandemic was collected. During the preoperative anesthesia evaluation thorax CT was performed in 268 (56.7%) and PCR from nasopharyngeal swab was performed in 31 (6.6%) patients. General anesthesia was applied in 337 (71.2%) patients and alteration in the method of anesthesia was recorded in 45 (9.5%) patients. A cut-off value of 21\u00a0days was detected for the hospitals to adapt changes related to COVID-19. Rate of preoperative testing, emergency procedures, conservative approaches and topical/regional anesthesia increased after 21\u00a0days. The preoperative evaluation for management of urinary stone disease is significantly affected by COVID-19 pandemic. There is significant alteration in anesthesia methods and interventions. The optimal methods for preoperative evaluation are still unknown and there is discordance between different centers. It takes 21\u00a0days for hospitals and surgeons to adapt and develop new strategies for preoperative evaluation and management of stones."}, {"pmid": 32247592, "pmcid": "PMC7132516", "title": "Author reply to Letters to the Editor \"COVID-19 pneumonia in Taiwan\".", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Cheng, Shao-Chung", "Fan Chiang, Yu-Long", "Huang, Chia-Husn", "Hsu, Yuan-Nian"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247592", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349120, "title": "Population flow drives spatio-temporal distribution of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Jia, Jayson S", "Lu, Xin", "Yuan, Yun", "Xu, Ge", "Jia, Jianmin", "Christakis, Nicholas A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349120", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sudden, large-scale and diffuse human migration can amplify localized outbreaks of disease into widespread epidemics1-4. Rapid and accurate tracking of aggregate population flows may therefore be epidemiologically informative. Here we use 11,478,484\u00a0counts of mobile phone data from individuals leaving or transiting through the prefecture of Wuhan between 1\u00a0January and 24\u00a0January 2020 as they moved to 296\u00a0prefectures throughout mainland\u00a0China. First, we document the efficacy of quarantine in ceasing movement. Second, we show that the distribution of population outflow from Wuhan accurately predicts the relative frequency and geographical distribution of infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) until 19\u00a0February 2020, across mainland China. Third, we develop a spatio-temporal 'risk source' model that leverages population flow data (which operationalize the risk that emanates from epidemic epicentres) not only to forecast the distribution of confirmed cases, but also to identify regions that have a high risk of transmission at an early stage. Fourth, we use this risk source model to statistically derive the geographical spread of COVID-19 and the growth pattern based on the population outflow from Wuhan; the model yields a benchmark trend and an index for assessing the risk of community transmission of COVID-19 over time for different locations. This approach can be used by policy-makers in any nation with available data to make rapid and accurate risk assessments and to plan the allocation of limited resources ahead of ongoing outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32363911, "title": "Telepsychiatry as a public health imperative: Slowing COVID-19.", "journal": "Aust N Z J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Khanna, Rahul", "Forbes, Malcom"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524963, "title": "Perspectives on Battling COVID-19 in Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Andrus, Jon Kim", "Evans-Gilbert, Tracy", "Santos, Jose Ignacio", "Guzman, Maria G", "Rosenthal, Philip J", "Toscano, Cristiana", "Valenzuela, Maria Teresa", "Siqueira, Marilda", "Etienne, Carissa", "Breman, Joel G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524963", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Perspectives on Battling COVID-19 in Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean."}, {"pmid": 32422122, "pmcid": "PMC7228722", "title": "Sex workers must not be forgotten in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Platt, Lucy", "Elmes, Jocelyn", "Stevenson, Luca", "Holt, Victoria", "Rolles, Stephen", "Stuart, Rachel"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422122", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348544, "pmcid": "PMC7267305", "title": "Response to \"Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology INPUT to SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics Should be Based on Robust Data\": Data-Driven Dosing Recommendations are Urgently Needed for Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 Patients: Response to Letter to the Editor.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Garcia-Cremades, Maria", "Solans, Belen P", "Hughes, Emma", "Ernest, Jacqueline P", "Wallender, Erika", "Savic, Radojka M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348544", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506198, "title": "The mystery of \"missing\" visits in an emergency cardiology department, in the era of COVID-19.; a time-series analysis in a tertiary Greek General Hospital.", "journal": "Clin Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Tsioufis, Konstantinos", "Chrysohoou, Christina", "Kariori, Maria", "Leontsinis, Ioannis", "Dalakouras, Ioannis", "Papanikolaou, Angelos", "Charalambus, Georgios", "Sambatakou, Helen", "Siassos, Gerasimos", "Panagiotakos, Demosthenes", "Tousoulis, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506198", "countries": ["Greece"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the era of the current COVID-19 health crisis, the aim of the present study was to explore population behavior as regards the visits in the \u0395mergency Cardiology department (ECD) of a tertiary General Hospital that does not hospitalize SARS-CoV-2 infected patients METHODS AND RESULTS: Daily number of visits at the EDC and admissions to Cardiology Wards and Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary General Hospital, in Athens, Greece, were retrieved from hospital's database (January 1st-April 30th 2018, 2019 and 2020). A highly significant reduction in the visits at ECD of the hospital during March and April 2020 was observed as compared with January and February of the same year (p for linear trend\u2009<\u2009\u00b7001); in particular the number of visits was 41.1% lower in March 2020 and 32.7% lower in April 2020, as compared to January 2020. As the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases throughout the country increased (i.e., from February 26th to April 2nd) the number of visits at ECD decreased (p\u2009=\u20090.01), whereas, the opposite was observed in the period afterwards (p\u2009=\u20090.01).The number of acute Myocardial infarctions (MI) cases in March 2020 was the lowest compared to the entire three year period (p\u2009<\u20090\u00b7001); however, the number of acute MI cases in April 2020 was doubled as compared to March 2020, but still was lower than the preceding years (p\u2009<\u20090\u00b7001). It is hard to explain the mystery of the \"missing\" emergency hospital visits. However, if this decline in cardiovascular disease related hospital visits is \"true\", it is something that needs to be rigorously studied, to learn how to keep these rates down."}, {"pmid": 32245885, "title": "Learning from our immunological history: What can SARS-CoV teach us about SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Sci Immunol", "authors": ["Henrickson, Sarah E"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245885", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many strategies are being deployed to rapidly uncover targetable mechanisms of infection for SARS-CoV-2, and Hoffman et al exploit our understanding and immunological experience with SARS-CoV in our global race to understand, mitigate, and eventually prevent COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32503192, "title": "A Comparison of Infection Venues of COVID-19 Case Clusters in Northeast China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Zhao, Pengcheng", "Zhang, Nan", "Li, Yuguo"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503192", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world has been suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic since late 2019. In this study, we compared various types of infection locations in which COVID-19 cases clustered, based on the data from three adjacent provinces in Northeast China. The collected data include all officially reported cases in this area until 8 March 2020. We explored the associations between the cases and the frequency of infection locations. The COVID-19 epidemic situation was worse in Heilongjiang Province than in Liaoning and Jilin Provinces. Most clustered cases occurred in individual families and/or between relatives. The transmission in public venues served as a hub for transmitting the disease to other families and results in new clusters. The public transport spread the infection over long distances by transporting infected individuals, and most infections did not seem to occur within vehicles. This field study shows the effect of indoor environments on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and our data may be useful in developing guidance for future disease prevention and control."}, {"pmid": 32330113, "pmcid": "PMC7215513", "title": "Comment on \"Digital Mental Health and COVID-19: Using Technology Today to Accelerate the Curve on Access and Quality Tomorrow\": A UK Perspective.", "journal": "JMIR Ment Health", "authors": ["Whelan, Pauline", "Stockton-Powdrell, Charlotte", "Jardine, Jenni", "Sainsbury, John"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330113", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517773, "title": "Systemic hypoferremia and severity of hypoxemic respiratory failure in COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Shah, Akshay", "Frost, Joe N", "Aaron, Louise", "Donovan, Killian", "Drakesmith, Hal"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517773", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246529, "title": "COVID-19: Protecting our ENT Workforce.", "journal": "Clin Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Tysome, James R", "Bhutta, Mahmood F"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246529", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356926, "pmcid": "PMC7267340", "title": "Telmisartan as tentative angiotensin receptor blocker therapeutic for COVID-19.", "journal": "Drug Dev Res", "authors": ["Rothlin, Rodolfo Pedro", "Vetulli, Hector Miguel", "Duarte, Mariano", "Pelorosso, Facundo German"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356926", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late 2019, a new coronavirus emerged in Wuhan Province, China, causing lung complications similar to those produced by the SARS coronavirus in the 2002-2003 epidemic. This new disease was named COVID-19 and the causative virus SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the airway and binds, by means of the S protein on its surface to the membrane protein ACE2 in type 2 alveolar cells. The S protein-ACE2 complex is internalized by endocytosis leading to a partial decrease or total loss of the enzymatic function ACE2 in the alveolar cells and in turn increasing the tissue concentration of pro-inflammatory angiotensin II by decreasing its degradation and reducing the concentration of its physiological antagonist angiotensin 1-7. High levels of angiotensin II on the lung interstitium can promote apoptosis initiating an inflammatory process with release of proinflammatory cytokines, establishing a self-powered cascade, leading eventually to ARDS. Recently, Gurwitz proposed the tentative use of agents such as losartan and telmisartan as alternative options for treating COVID-19 patients prior to development of ARDS. In this commentary article, the authors make the case for the election of telmisartan as such alternative on the basis of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and present an open-label randomized phase II clinical trial for the evaluation of telmisartan in COVID-19 patients (NCT04355936)."}, {"pmid": 32122422, "pmcid": "PMC7108650", "title": "Novel coronavirus and hospital infection prevention: Preparing for the impromptu speech.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Bearman, Gonzalo", "Pryor, Rachel", "Albert, Heather", "Brath, Lisa", "Britton, Amy", "Cooper, Kaila", "Doll, Michelle", "Godbout, Emily J", "Hemphill, Robin", "Stevens, Michael P"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496811, "title": "Prevalence of COVID-19 in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Implications for Bystander CPR.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Sayre, Michael R", "Barnard, Leslie M", "Counts, Catherine R", "Drucker, Christopher J", "Kudenchuk, Peter J", "Rea, Thomas D", "Eisenberg, Mickey S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496811", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402707, "pmcid": "PMC7252001", "title": "Management of acute aortic dissection during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from an epicenter in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Yu, Xinyu", "Feng, Xin", "Wei, Xiang"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402707", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318643, "pmcid": "PMC7169880", "title": "Thoracic radiation therapy during COVID-19: provisional guidelines from a comprehensive cancer center within a pandemic epicenter.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Wu, Abraham J", "Rimner, Andreas", "Shepherd, Annemarie F", "Gelblum, Daphna Y", "Shaverdian, Narek", "Yorke, Ellen", "Simone, Charles B 2nd", "Gomez, Daniel R"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482342, "pmcid": "PMC7184004", "title": "Is it ethically appropriate to continue surgical clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Surgery", "authors": ["Milner, Ross", "Donington, Jessica", "Matthews, Jeffrey B", "Posner, Mitchell", "Turaga, Kiran", "Angelos, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482342", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369612, "title": "Interleukin 6-blockade treatment for severe COVID-19 in two patients with multiple myeloma.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Chaidos, Aristeidis", "Katsarou, Alexia", "Mustafa, Chira", "Milojkovic, Dragana", "Karadimitris, Anastasios"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369612", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441789, "title": "Predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Tian, Wenjie", "Jiang, Wanlin", "Yao, Jie", "Nicholson, Christopher J", "Li, Rebecca H", "Sigurslid, Haakon H", "Wooster, Luke", "Rotter, Jerome I", "Guo, Xiuqing", "Malhotra, Rajeev"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441789", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continue to rise across the world. Information regarding the predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients remains scarce. Herein, we performed a systematic review of published articles, from January 1 to April 24, 2020, to evaluate the risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19. Two investigators independently searched the articles and collected the data, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We looked for associations between mortality and patient characteristics, comorbidities, and laboratory abnormalities. A total of 14 studies documenting the outcomes of 4659 patients were included. The presence of comorbidities such as hypertension (OR 2.5; 95% CI 2.1-3.1; P<0.00001), coronary heart disease (OR 3.8; 95% CI 2.1-6.9; P<0.00001) and diabetes (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.7-2.3; P<0.00001) were associated with significantly higher risk of death amongst COVID-19 patients. Those who died, compared to those who survived, differed on multiple biomarker levels on admission including elevated levels of cardiac troponin (+44.2 ng/L, 95% CI 19.0-69.4; P=0.0006); C-reactive protein (+66.3 \u00b5g/mL, 95% CI 46.7-85.9; P<0.00001); interleukin-6 (+4.6 ng/mL, 95% CI 3.6-5.6; P<0.00001); D-dimer (+4.6 \u00b5g/mL, 95% CI 2.8-6.4; P<0.00001); creatinine (+15.3 \u00b5mol/L, 95% CI 6.2-24.3; P=0.001) and alanine transaminase (+5.7 U/L, 95% CI 2.6-8.8; P=0.0003); as well as decreased levels of albumin (-3.7 g/L, 95% CI -5.3 to -2.1; P<0.00001). Individuals with underlying cardiometabolic disease and that present with evidence for acute inflammation and end-organ damage are at higher risk of mortality due to COVID-19 infection and should be managed with greater intensity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32479766, "pmcid": "PMC7260539", "title": "Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic: suggestions on behalf of Woman Study Group of AMD.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Giuliani, C", "Li Volsi, P", "Brun, E", "Chiambretti, A", "Giandalia, A", "Tonutti, L", "Di Bartolo, P", "Napoli, A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479766", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-Cov2 infection has recently spread to Italy with important consequences on pregnancy management, mother and child health and mother-child contact. Breastfeeding improves the health of mother and child and reduces risk of neonatal infection with other pathogens that are likely to cause serious illness. To date no evidence confirmed COVID-19 vertical transmission from infected pregnant mother to their fetus. However it is well known that an infected mother can transmit the COVID-19 virus through respiratory droplets during breastfeeding or intimate contact. Thus, the mothers with known or suspected COVID-19 should adhere to standard and contact precautions during breastfeeding. Woman Study Group of AMD, after reviewing current knowledge about COVID-19 vertical transmission and the compatibility of breastfeeding in COVID-19 mother, the available recommendations from Health Care Organizations and main experts opinions, issued the following suggestions on breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic, addressed both to mothers with and without diabetes It should be considered that following suggestions may change in the future when more evidence is acquired regarding SARS-Cov2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32373237, "pmcid": "PMC7196305", "title": "Multicenter cohort study demonstrates more consolidation in upper lungs on initial CT increases the risk of adverse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Theranostics", "authors": ["Yu, Qian", "Wang, Yuancheng", "Huang, Shan", "Liu, Songqiao", "Zhou, Zhen", "Zhang, Shijun", "Zhao, Zhen", "Yu, Yizhou", "Yang, Yi", "Ju, Shenghong"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373237", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rationale: Chest computed tomography (CT) has been used for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) monitoring. However, the imaging risk factors for poor clinical outcomes remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to assess the imaging characteristics and risk factors associated with adverse composite endpoints in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from 24 designated hospitals in Jiangsu province, China, between 10 January and 18 February 2020. Clinical and initial CT findings at admission were extracted from medical records. Patients aged < 18 years or without available clinical or CT records were excluded. The composite endpoints were admission to ICU, acute respiratory failure occurrence, or shock during hospitalization. The volume, density, and location of lesions, including ground-glass opacity (GGO) and consolidation, were quantitatively analyzed in each patient. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors among age and CT parameters associated with the composite endpoints. Results: In this study, 625 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled; among them, 179 patients without an initial CT at admission and 25 patients aged < 18 years old were excluded and 421 patients were included in analysis. The median age was 48.0 years and the male proportion was 53% (224/421). During the follow-up period, 64 (15%) patients had a composite endpoint. There was an association of older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.06; P = 0.003), larger consolidation lesions in the upper lung (Right: OR, 1.13; 95%CI: 1.03-1.25, P =0.01; Left: OR,1.15; 95%CI: 1.01-1.32; P = 0.04) with increased odds of adverse endpoints. Conclusion: There was an association of older age and larger consolidation in upper lungs on admission with higher odds of poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32398301, "pmcid": "PMC7236822", "title": "Easier access to mechanical ventilation worldwide: an urgent need for low income countries, especially in face of the growing COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Guerin, Claude", "Levy, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398301", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453483, "pmcid": "PMC7267082", "title": "COVID-19 in an HIV-positive Kidney Transplant Recipient.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kumar, Rebecca N", "Tanna, Sajal D", "Shetty, Aneesha A", "Stosor, Valentina"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453483", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case of a 50-year-old male with a history of HIV and kidney transplant who presented with SARS-CoV-2. We also present a review of COVID-19 cases in kidney transplant recipients."}, {"pmid": 32220991, "title": "In other Covid-19 news.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220991", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395690, "pmcid": "PMC7184362", "title": "COVID-19: Advice from the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology for Endoscopy Facilities, as of March 16, 2020.", "journal": "J Can Assoc Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Tse, Frances", "Borgaonkar, Mark", "Leontiadis, Grigorios I"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395690", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407441, "title": "Assessment of Deaths From COVID-19 and From Seasonal Influenza.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Faust, Jeremy Samuel", "Del Rio, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407441", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481333, "title": "CT manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 of imported infection versus second-generation infection in patients outside the original district (Wuhan, China) of this disease: An observational study.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Wu, Yu-Ping", "Cao, Jin-Ming", "Chen, Tian-Wu", "Li, Rui", "Liu, Feng-Jun", "Zeng, Yue", "Zhang, Xiao-Ming", "Mu, Qi-Wen", "Li, Hong-Jun"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481333", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the discrepancy in computed tomography (CT) manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients outside the original district (Wuhan, China) between cases with imported infection and second-generation infection, 22 patients with COVID-19 from 2 hospitals in Nanchong, China, 938 km away from the original district (Wuhan, China) of this disease were enrolled. All patients underwent initial and follow-up CT after admission during the treatment, and were divided into 2 groups. Group A and B were composed of 15 patients with a history of exposure to the original district (Wuhan, China) in short-term (i.e., imported infection), and 7 with a close contact with the patients with confirmed COVID-19 or with the healthy individuals from the original district (i.e., second-generation infection), respectively. Initial CT features including extent score and density score between groups were statistically compared. We found that all patients in group A and 3 of 7 patients in group B had abnormal CT findings while 4 of 7 patients in group B had not. Patients with abnormal CT findings were more frequent in group A than in group B (P\u200a<\u200a.05). On initial CT, pure ground glass opacity (GGO), and GGO with consolidation and/or other abnormalities were found in 20% (3/15) and 80% (12/15) patients in group A, respectively, while 1 (14.3%), 2 (28.6%), and 4 (57.1%) had pure GGOs, GGO with focal consolidation, and normal CT appearances in Group B, respectively. Patients with extent and density scores of \u22655 were more frequent in group A than in group B (all P-values\u200a<\u200a.01). Additionally, 3 of 4 (75%) patients with normal initial CT findings had focal pure GGO lesions on follow-up. In conclusion, COVID-19 in patients with a history of exposure to the original district can be severer than with the second-generation infection on CT."}, {"pmid": 32240718, "pmcid": "PMC7118604", "title": "COVID-19 in Hemodialysis Patients: A Report of 5 Cases.", "journal": "Am J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Rui", "Liao, Cong", "He, Hong", "Hu, Chun", "Wei, Zimeng", "Hong, Zixi", "Zhang, Chengjie", "Liao, Meiyan", "Shui, Hua"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240718", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in China and spread rapidly worldwide. It is unknown whether hemodialysis patients represent a distinct group of patients with certain characteristics that may make them susceptible to infection or severe disease. In this case report, we describe the clinical and epidemiologic features of COVID-19 infection in 201 maintenance hemodialysis patients in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, including 5 maintenance hemodialysis patients who contracted COVID-19 infection. Of the 5 patients with COVID-19 infection, one had a definite history of contact with an infected person. The age range of the patients was 47 to 67 years. Diarrhea (80%), fever (60%), and fatigue (60%) were the most common symptoms. Lymphopenia occurred in all patients. Computed tomography of the chest showed ground glass opacity in the lungs of all patients. Up to February 13, 2020, none of the patients had developed severe complications (acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, or multiple organ dysfunction) or died."}, {"pmid": 32518448, "pmcid": "PMC7270560", "title": "Covid-19 escalates.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Vaughan, Adam"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518448", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "WHO calls for more testing as countries worldwide bring in strict measures to slow new coronavirus's spread, reports Adam Vaughan."}, {"pmid": 32311499, "pmcid": "PMC7162784", "title": "Rapid Detection of Asymptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 by Computed Tomography Image Guidance for Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["McGinnis, Gwendolyn J", "Ning, Matthew S", "Nitsch, Paige L", "O'Reilly, Michael S", "McAleer, Mary Frances", "Koong, Albert C", "Chang, Joe Y"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311499", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251625, "pmcid": "PMC7270536", "title": "Do chronic respiratory diseases or their treatment affect the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Halpin, David M G", "Faner, Rosa", "Sibila, Oriol", "Badia, Joan Ramon", "Agusti, Alvar"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251625", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281886, "title": "COVID-19 and Home Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) Therapy.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Krishnan, Vidya"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281886", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492456, "pmcid": "PMC7261428", "title": "Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation should not be performed on confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Kandori, Kenji", "Narumiya, Hiromichi", "Iizuka, Ryoji"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492456", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32107911, "title": "[The importance of strengthening the ability of fundamental disease prevention and control system from the perspective of the epidemic situation of anti COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, M"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32107911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has been an epidemic for nearly two months. The prevention and control measures have achieved remarkable results. From the response and disposal process of this epidemic, it is revealed that human resources of fundamental disease prevention and control system are insufficient and the ability of laboratory testing is also weak. It is suggested that institutions for disease control and prevention should strengthen the construction in these aspects in the future."}, {"pmid": 32495067, "pmcid": "PMC7268966", "title": "The Efficacy of Lockdown Against COVID-19: A Cross-Country Panel Analysis.", "journal": "Appl Health Econ Health Policy", "authors": ["Alfano, Vincenzo", "Ercolano, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495067", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There has been much debate about the effectiveness of lockdown measures in containing COVID-19, and their appropriateness given the economic and social cost they entail. To the best of our knowledge, no existing contribution to the literature has attempted to gauge the effectiveness of lockdown measures over time in a longitudinal cross-country perspective. This paper aims to fill the gap in the literature by assessing, at an international level, the effect of lockdown measures (or the lack of such measures) on the numbers of new infections. Given this policy's expected change in effectiveness over time, we also measure the effect of having a lockdown implemented over a given number of days (from 7 to 20\u00a0days). We pursue our objectives by means of a quantitative panel analysis, building a longitudinal dataset with observations from countries all over the world, and estimating the impact of lockdown via feasible generalized least squares fixed effect, random effects, generalized estimating equation, and hierarchical linear models. Our results show that lockdown is effective in reducing the number of new cases in the countries that implement it, compared with those countries that do not. This is especially true around 10\u00a0days after the implementation of the policy. Its efficacy continues to grow up to 20\u00a0days after implementation. Results suggest that lockdown is effective in reducing the R0, i.e. the number of people infected by each infected person, and that, unlike what has been suggested in previous analyses, its efficacy continues to hold 20\u00a0days after the introduction of the policy."}, {"pmid": 32441336, "title": "Participating in telehealth is a complex occupation.", "journal": "Aust Occup Ther J", "authors": ["Pereira, Robert B"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493791, "title": "COVID-19 diagnostics in context.", "journal": "Sci Transl Med", "authors": ["Weissleder, Ralph", "Lee, Hakho", "Ko, Jina", "Pittet, Mikael J"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493791", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for different types of diagnostics, comparative validation of new tests, faster approval by federal agencies, and rapid production of test kits to meet global demands. In this Perspective, we discuss the utility and challenges of current diagnostics for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32416751, "title": "[Ethics Committees in Portugal: Old and New Challenges].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Massano, Joao", "Almeida, Filipe Nuno"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416751", "countries": ["Portugal"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504015, "title": "Will the pandemic permanently alter scientific publishing?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504015", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217657, "pmcid": "PMC7098479", "title": "Urgent need of a management plan for survivors of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Celli, Bartolome", "Fabbri, Leonardo M"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217657", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484912, "title": "Characteristics of U.S. Nursing Homes with COVID-19 Cases.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Abrams, Hannah R", "Loomer, Lacey", "Gandhi, Ashvin", "Grabowski, David C"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484912", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has been documented in a large share of nursing homes throughout the United States. This has led to high rates of mortality for residents. In order to understand how to prevent and mitigate future outbreaks, it is imperative that we understand which nursing homes are more likely to experience COVID-19 cases. To examine the characteristics of nursing homes with documented COVID-19 cases in 30 states reporting individual facilities affected. We constructed a database of nursing homes with verified COVID-19 cases as of May 11, 2020 via correspondence with and publicly available reports from state departments of health. We linked this information to nursing home characteristics and used regression analysis to examine association between these characteristics and the likelihood of having a documented COVID-19 case. Of 9,395 nursing homes in our sample, 2,949 (31.4%) had a documented COVID-19 case. Larger facility size, urban location, greater percentage of African American residents, non-chain status, and state were significantly (p<0.05) related to increased probability of having a COVID-19 case. Five-star rating, prior infection violation, Medicaid dependency, and ownership were not significantly related. COVID-19 cases in nursing homes are related to facility location and size and not traditional quality metrics such as star rating and prior infection control citations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32324897, "title": "Management of the first patient with confirmed COVID-19 in pregnancy in India: From guidelines to frontlines.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Sharma, K Aparna", "Kumari, Rajesh", "Kachhawa, Garima", "Chhabra, Anjolie", "Agarwal, Ramesh", "Sharma, Akash", "Kumar, Sunesh", "Bhatla, Neerja"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324897", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400099, "pmcid": "PMC7272986", "title": "Novel Corona Virus 2019 pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Namazee, Najmeh", "Mahmoudi, Hilda", "Afzal, Payman", "Ghaffari, Sina"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400099", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading worldwide and the impact of the disease in transplant patients is evolving. In this case report, we presented a 63-year-old female kidney transplant recipient who presented with dyspnea and cough and was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. On the fourth day of admission, the patient's condition worsened. Therefore, the immunosuppressive medications were discontinued, and hydrocortisone was started. The patient died on the fifth day."}, {"pmid": 32425334, "pmcid": "PMC7233248", "title": "Sequence mismatch in PCR probes may mask the COVID-19 detection in Nepal.", "journal": "Mol Cell Probes", "authors": ["Rana, Divya Rsjb", "Pokhrel, Nischal"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425334", "countries": ["India", "Nepal"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022Most of the COVID-19 cases in Nepal are in the Southern districts of Nepal bordering India and many cases have travel history to India.\u2022Very few positive cases of COVID-19 are detected in Nepal which could either be due to early national lockdown or inefficiency of PCR methods.\u2022Whole genomes of 93 clinical samples from COVID-19 patients were analysed to find the primer and probe binding sites.\u2022Mutations in probe binding sites were found and this could significantly impact PCR efficiency resulting in false negative results."}, {"pmid": 32415860, "title": "Liver Biochemistries in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Hepatology", "authors": ["Bloom, Patricia P", "Meyerowitz, Eric A", "Reinus, Zoe", "Daidone, Michael", "Gustafson, Jenna", "Kim, Arthur Y", "Schaefer, Esperance", "Chung, Raymond T"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415860", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) leads to elevated liver biochemistries in approximately half of patients on presentation. To date, data are limited regarding the trend of liver biochemistries over the course of illness. We aimed to evaluate the trend, etiology, and outcomes associated with liver biochemistries in COVID-19. A total of 60 patients with COVID-19 were admitted between March 21 and March 28, 2020. Mean age was 57 years, 65% were male and 28% were Hispanic. At study conclusion, 6 patients were deceased, 28 discharged, and 26 remained admitted. Patients who remained admitted were followed for median 12 days. Of 60 patients, 41 (69%) had at least one abnormal liver biochemistry on admission. Median aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was higher than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at admission (46 vs. 30 U/L) and during the hospital course. Aminotransferases rose above normal in 54 (93%) patients, while alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin elevations were rare. Ten (17%) patients developed aminotransferases more than 5 times the upper limit of normal. AST highly correlated with ALT throughout the illness course (r = 0.97; P < 0.0001), whereas correlations with markers of muscle injury and inflammation were weak. Statin use was common prior to (40%) and during admission (80%) at our center, with no difference in peak liver biochemistries between users and non-users. No demographic or comorbid illness was associated with liver injury. Admission AST (69 vs. 49; P < 0.05), peak AST (364 vs. 77; P = 0.003), and peak ALT (220 vs. 52; P = 0.002) were higher in intubated patients. Conclusion: AST-dominant aminotransferase elevation is common in COVID-19, mirrors disease severity, and appears to reflect true hepatic injury."}, {"pmid": 32371416, "pmcid": "PMC7222871", "title": "Family cluster of three recovered cases of pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.", "journal": "BMJ Case Rep", "authors": ["Xiong, Yong", "Song, Shihui", "Ye, Guangming", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371416", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and has affected more than 1\u2009270\u2009000 people worldwide. The numbers of reported cases continue to rise and threaten global health. Transmissions among family members are frequently observed, although the route of transmission is partially known. Here we report three cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection within one family. Sequencing of the S gene of the viral genome showed 100% identity among samples, suggesting that the same strain caused the infection. Following treatment with oseltamivir and short-term methylprednisolone combined with symptomatic management, all three patients recovered within 3\u2009weeks, as evidenced by the disappearance of their symptoms, clearance of pulmonary infiltrates and consecutive negative molecular diagnostic test findings. Our observations suggest the importance of preventing family transmission and the efficacy of current integrated treatment for mild/moderate pneumonia in COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32463074, "pmcid": "PMC7147199", "title": "Viewpoint: Impact of the Covid-19 Outbreak on the Clinical and Research Activities of Memory Clinics: An Alzheimer's Disease Center Facing the Covid-19 Crisis.", "journal": "J Prev Alzheimers Dis", "authors": ["Ousset, P J", "Vellas, B"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463074", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531036, "title": "Public health in the eye of the storm: what can we learn from the COVID-19 pandemic experience to strengthen public health services in Europe?", "journal": "Eur J Public Health", "authors": ["Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha", "Kluge, Hans Henri P"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531036", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451936, "pmcid": "PMC7246957", "title": "Response to children's physical and mental needs during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiao-Bo", "Gui, Yong-Hao", "Xu, Xiu", "Zhu, Da-Qian", "Zhai, Yi-Hui", "Ge, Xiao-Ling", "Xu, Hong"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451936", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330332, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in children - Understanding the immune responses and controlling the pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Lu, Xiaoxia", "Xiang, Yun", "Du, Hui", "Wing-Kin Wong, Gary"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330332", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a cluster of patients with severe pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in the city of Wuhan, China. The disease is now termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the early reports, the patients were mainly middle-aged and elderly men, and children appeared to be less susceptible to this infection. With modern and efficient transportation, the disease quickly spread to almost all corners of the world and the mortality far exceeds that caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus. As the number of children with COVID-19 gradually increases, the disease has been documented in premature babies, infants, children, and adolescents. Severe and fatal cases in children are relatively rare. The burden of disease in children has been relatively low, but the high proportions of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infections in children deserve careful attention. A clear understanding of the immune responses to the virus in children and the transmission potential of asymptomatic children is of paramount importance for the development of specific treatments and vaccine in order to effectively control the ongoing pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32443427, "title": "The Psychological Causes of Panic Buying Following a Health Crisis.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Yuen, Kum Fai", "Wang, Xueqin", "Ma, Fei", "Li, Kevin X"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443427", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Attributed to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, panic buying is now a frequent occurrence in many countries, leading to stockouts and supply chain disruptions. Consequently, it has received much attention from academics and the retail industry. The aim of this study is to review, identify, and synthesise the psychological causes of panic buying, which is a relatively new and unexplored area in consumer behaviour research. A systematic review of the related literature is conducted. The review suggests that panic buying is influenced by (1) individuals' perception of the threat of the health crisis and scarcity of products; (2) fear of the unknown, which is caused by negative emotions and uncertainty; (3) coping behaviour, which views panic buying as a venue to relieve anxiety and regain control over the crisis; and (4) social psychological factors, which account for the influence of the social network of an individual. This study contributes to the literature by consolidating the scarce and scattered research on the causes of panic buying, drawing greater theoretical insights into each cause and also offers some implications for health professionals, policy makers, and retailers on implementing appropriate policies and strategies to manage panic buying. Recommendations for future research are also provided."}, {"pmid": 32240428, "pmcid": "PMC7114952", "title": "Achieve Research Continuity During Social Distancing by Rapidly Implementing Individual and Group Videoconferencing with Participants: Key Considerations, Best Practices, and Protocols.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Marhefka, Stephanie", "Lockhart, Elizabeth", "Turner, DeAnne"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240428", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus has upended many traditional research procedures as universities and other research entities have closed to activate social distancing. Some social and behavioral research activities (e.g. data analysis, manuscript preparation) can be continued from other environments with appropriate security protocols in place. For studies involving in-person interactions, continuity may be more difficult. Phone-based interactions provide a low-tech solution that may suffice in some cases. Yet, videoconferencing platforms can nearly replicate in-person interactions, activating both auditory and visual senses and potentially resulting in more substantial engagement. Staff can meet with participants individually or in groups, each seeing and hearing one another in real time. This paper provides guidance for researchers transitioning in-person assessments and interventions to a synchronous videoconferencing platform. Best practices, key considerations, examples from the field, and sample protocols are presented to ease transition for ongoing studies and maximize the potential of videoconferencing-and social distancing."}, {"pmid": 32438949, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Healthcare Crisis Leadership as Ethics Communication.", "journal": "Camb Q Healthc Ethics", "authors": ["Hayry, Matti"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438949", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Governmental reactions to crises like the COVID-19 pandemic can be seen as ethics communication. Governments can contain the disease and thereby mitigate the detrimental public health impact; allow the virus to spread to reach herd immunity; test, track, isolate, and treat; and suppress the disease regionally. An observation of Sweden and Finland showed a difference in feasible ways to communicate the chosen policy to the citizenry. Sweden assumed the herd immunity strategy and backed it up with health utilitarian arguments. This was easy to communicate to the Swedish people, who appreciated the voluntary restrictions approach and trusted their decision makers. Finland chose the contain and mitigate strategy and was towards the end of the observation period apparently hesitating between suppression and the test, track, isolate, and treat approach. Both are difficult to communicate to the general public accurately, truthfully, and acceptably. Apart from health utilitarian argumentation, something like the republican political philosophy or selective truth telling are needed. The application of republicanism to the issue, however, is problematic, and hiding the truth seems to go against the basic tenets of liberal democracy."}, {"pmid": 32488455, "pmcid": "PMC7266412", "title": "Suicidality in children and adolescents: lessons to be learned from the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Hoekstra, Pieter J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488455", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291399, "pmcid": "PMC7156231", "title": "Pathological study of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) through postmortem core biopsies.", "journal": "Mod Pathol", "authors": ["Tian, Sufang", "Xiong, Yong", "Liu, Huan", "Niu, Li", "Guo, Jianchun", "Liao, Meiyan", "Xiao, Shu-Yuan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291399", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data on pathologic changes of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are scarce. To gain knowledge about the pathology that may contribute to disease progression and fatality, we performed postmortem needle core biopsies of lung, liver, and heart in four patients who died of COVID-19 pneumonia. The patients' ages ranged from 59 to 81, including three males and one female. Each patient had at least one underlying disease, including immunocompromised status (chronic lymphocytic leukemia and renal transplantation) or other conditions (cirrhosis, hypertension, and diabetes). Time from disease onset to death ranged from 15 to 52 days. All patients had elevated white blood cell counts, with significant rise toward the end, and all had lymphocytopenia except for the patient with leukemia. Histologically, the main findings are in the lungs, including injury to the alveolar epithelial cells, hyaline membrane formation, and hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, all components of diffuse alveolar damage. Consolidation by fibroblastic proliferation with extracellular matrix and fibrin forming clusters in airspaces is evident. In one patient, the consolidation consists of abundant intra-alveolar neutrophilic infiltration, consistent with superimposed bacterial bronchopneumonia. The liver exhibits mild lobular infiltration by small lymphocytes, and centrilobular sinusoidal dilation. Patchy necrosis is also seen. The heart shows only focal mild fibrosis and mild myocardial hypertrophy, changes likely related to the underlying conditions. In conclusion, the postmortem examinations show advanced diffuse alveolar damage, as well as superimposed bacterial pneumonia in some patients. Changes in the liver and heart are likely secondary or related to the underlying diseases."}, {"pmid": 32423461, "pmcid": "PMC7234444", "title": "Cardiovascular phenotypes in ventilated patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Evrard, Bruno", "Goudelin, Marine", "Montmagnon, Noelie", "Fedou, Anne-Laure", "Lafon, Thomas", "Vignon, Philippe"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423461", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318915, "pmcid": "PMC7174145", "title": "Vaccine confidence in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Harrison, Emily A", "Wu, Julia W"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318915", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the early months of the COVID-19 epidemic, some have wondered if the force of this global experience will solve the problem of vaccine refusal that has vexed and preoccupied the global public health community for the last several decades. Drawing on historical and epidemiological analyses, we critique contemporary approaches to reducing vaccine hesitancy and articulate our notion of vaccine confidence as an expanded way of conceptualizing the problem and how to respond to it. Intervening on the rush of vaccine optimism we see pervading present discourse around the COVID-19 epidemic, we call for a re-imagination of the culture of public health and the meaning of vaccine safety regulations. Public confidence in vaccination programs depends on the work they do for the community-social, political, and moral as well as biological. The concept of public health and its programs must be broader than the delivery of the vaccine technology itself. The narrative work and policy actions entailed in actualizing such changes will, we expect, be essential in achieving a true vaccine confidence, however the public reacts to the specific vaccine that may be developed for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32426073, "pmcid": "PMC7233214", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Is COVID-19 the Cause of Delayed Surgical Treatment of Spine Trauma in Latin America?", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Cabrera, Juan P", "Yurac, Ratko", "Guiroy, Alfredo", "Carazzo, Charles A", "Joaquim, Andrei F", "Zamorano, Juan J", "Valacco, Marcelo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426073", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32037473, "pmcid": "PMC7090857", "title": "New coronavirus: new challenges for pediatricians.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Chen, Zhi-Min", "Fu, Jun-Fen", "Shu, Qiang"], "date": "2020-02-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32037473", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324331, "pmcid": "PMC7264495", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient successfully treated with tocilizumab and hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Fontana, Francesco", "Alfano, Gaetano", "Mori, Giacomo", "Amurri, Alessio", "Tei, Lorenzo", "Ballestri, Marco", "Leonelli, Marco", "Facchini, Francesca", "Damiano, Francesca", "Magistroni, Riccardo", "Cappelli, Gianni"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324331", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia has been poorly reported in solid organ transplanted patients; prognosis is uncertain and best management unclear. We describe the case of a 61-year-old kidney transplant recipient with several comorbidities who was hospitalized and later received a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia; the infection was successfully managed with the use of hydroxychloroquine and a single administration of tocilizumab, after immunosuppression reduction; the patient did not require mechanical ventilation. During the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, transplant clinicians should be readily informed about new cases of COVID-19 pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients, with focus on therapeutic strategies employed and their outcome."}, {"pmid": 32303856, "pmcid": "PMC7162735", "title": "Digital triage for people with multiple sclerosis in the age of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Bonavita, Simona", "Tedeschi, Gioacchino", "Atreja, Ashish", "Lavorgna, Luigi"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303856", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We propose a possible approach for the remote monitoring of infection risk in people with multiple sclerosis, especially those on immunosuppressant drugs, during COVID-19 pandemic. We developed a digital triage tool to be sent to patients to quickly identify people with high risk of COVID-19 infection. This tool will also limit unnecessary accesses to the MS centers reducing the risk of spreading the infection."}, {"pmid": 32242646, "title": "Consensus statement on the use of clozapine during the COVID-19 pandemic", "journal": "J Psychiatry Neurosci", "authors": ["Siskind, Dan", "Honer, William G.", "Clark, Scott", "Correll, Christoph U.", "Hasan, Alkomiet", "Howes, Oliver", "Kane, John M.", "Kelly, Deanna L.", "Laitman, Robert", "Lee, Jimmy", "MacCabe, James H.", "Myles, Nick", "Nielsen, Jimmi", "Schulte, Peter F.", "Taylor, David", "Verdoux, Helene", "Wheeler, Amanda", "Freudenreich, Oliver"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242646", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421079, "pmcid": "PMC7224076", "title": "A small Iowa farmer's perspective on COVID-19.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["O'Brien, Denise"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421079", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480009, "pmcid": "PMC7260498", "title": "Rates of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with autoimmune liver diseases in Northern Italy: a telemedicine study.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Rigamonti, Cristina", "Cittone, Micol Giulia", "De Benedittis, Carla", "Rizzi, Eleonora", "Casciaro, Giuseppe Francesco", "Bellan, Mattia", "Sainaghi, Pier Paolo", "Pirisi, Mario"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480009", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373705, "pmcid": "PMC7198431", "title": "Repurposing and reshaping of hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Her, Minyoung"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373705", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the extensive outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea, many strategies in the hospital setting, such as stratified patient care, the assignment of hospitals/beds by a task force team, and the establishment of dedicated COVID-19 hospitals, dedicated COVID-19 emergency centers, COVID-19 community facilities, and respiratory care split hospitals, were adopted to mitigate community transmission and prevent nosocomial infection. Most of these strategies were used during the Middle East Respiratory syndrome outbreak and were applied again successfully during the COVID-19 outbreak. The reallocation of health care capacity, repurposing of hospitals, and close collaboration between the government and the health care committee might have been the key to successfully addressing the crisis of COVID-19 given the shortage of health care resources."}, {"pmid": 32522304, "title": "Impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on mental health in the elderly: perspective from a psychogeriatric clinic at a tertiary hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Forlenza, O V", "Stella, F"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522304", "countries": ["Brazil"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414182, "title": "Unrealistic Optimism in the Time of Coronavirus Pandemic: May It Help to Kill, If So-Whom: Disease or the Person?", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Dolinski, Dariusz", "Dolinska, Barbara", "Zmaczynska-Witek, Barbara", "Banach, Maciej", "Kulesza, Wojciech"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414182", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: The results of numerous empirical studies have showed the occurrence of so-called unrealistic optimism. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether in the situation of an imminent coronavirus pandemic, people would still perceive themselves as being less exposed to the disease than others. Methods: Survey studies were conducted to examine the level of unrealistic optimism. Participants (n = 171, 67.3% of women) in a subjective way judged the risk of their coronavirus infection and the likelihood that this would happen to an average student of the same sex from their class. The survey was conducted in three waves: prior to the announcement of the first case of coronavirus (2-3 March), immediately after that announcement (5-6 March), and a few days later (9-10 March). Results: We showed that women estimated the chances of being infected as significantly higher (M = 4.52, SD = 2.079; t = 2.387; p = 0.018; Cohen's d = 0.393) than men (M = 3.71, SD = 2.042). The phenomenon of unrealistic optimism was observed especially in men (as compared to other male participants) as it appeared in all three measures (M (you) = 3.95 vs. M (other male student) = 4.63; M = 3.71 vs. M = 4.68, and M = 4.46 vs. M = 5.38 in phase one, two, and three, respectively; p 0.006 for all comparison), but also in women in the last two measures (M(you) = 4.55 vs. M (other female student) = 4.95, and M = 4.99 vs. M = 5.38 in phase 2 and 3, respectively; p 0.012 for both comparisons). Conclusions: The study revealed a fairly general occurrence of unrealistic optimism, which was mainly observed in men as it appeared in all three measures, but also in women in the last two measures. This result is important for health experts who are responsible for making people comply with regulations concerning social distancing, putting masks on to stop infection, and staying at home. It is possible that unrealistically optimistic people will behave much less in line with the aforementioned recommendations, causing coronavirus to spread widely."}, {"pmid": 32279934, "pmcid": "PMC7146651", "title": "Anesthesia Management and Perioperative Infection Control in Patients With the Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Li, Weixia", "Huang, Jiapeng", "Guo, Xiangyang", "Zhao, Jing", "Mandell, M Susan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279934", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Anesthesiologists have a high risk of infection with COVID-19 during perioperative care and as first responders to airway emergencies. The potential of becoming infected can be reduced by a systematic and integrated approach that assesses infection risk. The latter leads to an acceptable choice of materials and techniques for personal protection and prevention of cross-contamination to other patients and staff. The authors have presented a protocolized approach that uses diagnostic criteria to clearly define benchmarks from the medical history along with clinical symptoms and laboratory tests. Patients can then be rapidly assigned into 1 of 3 risk categories that direct the choice of protective materials and/or techniques. Each hospital can adapt this approach to develop a system that fits its individual resources. Educating medical staff about the proper use of high-risk areas for containment serves to protect staff and patients."}, {"pmid": 32463794, "title": "Metformin and SARS-CoV-2: mechanistic lessons on air pollution to weather the cytokine/thrombotic storm in COVID-19.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Menendez, Javier A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463794", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pathological signaling in the lung induced by particulate matter (PM) air pollution partially overlaps with that provoked by COVID-19, the pandemic disease caused by infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Metformin is capable of suppressing one of the molecular triggers of the proinflammatory and prothrombotic processes of urban PM air pollution, namely the mitochondrial ROS/Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels (CRAC)/IL-6 cascade. Given the linkage between mitochondrial functionality, ion channels, and inflamm-aging, the ability of metformin to target mitochondrial electron transport and prevent ROS/CRAC-mediated IL-6 release might illuminate new therapeutic avenues to quell the raging of the cytokine and thrombotic-like storms that are the leading causes of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in older people. The incorporation of infection rates, severity and lethality of SARS-CoV-2 infections as new outcomes of metformin usage in elderly populations at risk of developing severe COVID-19, together with the assessment of bronchial/serological titers of inflammatory cytokines and D-dimers, could provide a novel mechanistic basis for the consideration of metformin as a therapeutic strategy against the inflammatory and thrombotic states underlying the gerolavic traits of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32474959, "title": "Mental Health Status of Dermatologists during the COVID-19 Pandemic; A Technology-based Therapy.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Goldust, Mohamad", "Agarwal, Komal", "Kroumpouzos, George", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Podder, Indrashis"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474959", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192233, "title": "Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Human Metapneumovirus.", "journal": "R I Med J (2013)", "authors": ["Touzard-Romo, Francine", "Tape, Chantal", "Lonks, John R"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192233", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Jamaica"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (now called SARS-CoV-2) initially discovered in Wuhan, China, has now become a global pandemic. We describe a patient presenting to an Emergency Department in Rhode Island on March 12, 2020 with cough and shortness of breath after a trip to Jamaica. The patient underwent nasopharyngeal swab for a respiratory pathogen panel as well as SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. When the respiratory pathogen panel was positive for human metapneumovirus, the patient was treated and discharged. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR came back positive 24 hours later. Although respiratory viral co-infection is thought to be relatively uncommon in adults, this case reflects that SARS-CoV-2 testing algorithms that exclude patients who test positive for routine viral pathogens may miss SARS-CoV-2 co-infected patients."}, {"pmid": 32366178, "title": "Defining Essential Services for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Pattisapu, Prasanth", "Evans, Sean S", "Noble, Anisha R", "Norton, Susan J", "Ou, Henry C", "Sie, Kathleen C Y", "Horn, David L"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366178", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a rapidly growing global pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus. With no vaccine or definitive treatment, public health authorities have recommended a strategy of \"social distancing,\" reducing individual interaction, canceling elective procedures, and limiting nonessential services. Health care providers must determine what procedures are considered \"elective,\" balancing risk of treatment delays with that of coronavirus exposure to patient, family, and providers. Given critical periods for language development and the long-term impact of auditory deprivation, some audiologic and otologic services should be considered essential. In this article, we describe the experience of a quaternary referral pediatric hospital in Seattle, the epicenter of COVID-19 in the United States, and share strategies for risk minimization employed by Seattle Children's Hospital. We hope that this work can be a reference for other centers continuing care for children who are deaf and hard of hearing during the COVID-19 and future resource-limiting crises."}, {"pmid": 32431818, "pmcid": "PMC7201274", "title": "Visualizing an unseen enemy; mobilizing structural biology to counter COVID-19.", "journal": "IUCrJ", "authors": ["Baker, Edward N"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431818", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Crystallography in its broadest sense has a crucial role to play in addressing the current COVID-19 pandemic. An outpouring of structural information on key viral proteins has resulted and importantly these data have immediately been shared with researchers round the world to speed the discovery of effective therapeutic agents."}, {"pmid": 32523923, "pmcid": "PMC7279896", "title": "Pericardial Fluid in a COVID-19 Patient: Is It Exudate or Transudate?", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Allam, Hassan H", "Kinsara, Abdulhalim J", "Tuaima, Tareq", "Alfakih, Shadwan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523923", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Very limited information is available on pericardial effusion as a complication of COVID-19 infection. There are no reports regarding pericardial fluid findings in COVID-19 patients. We describe a 41-year-old woman, with confirmed COVID-19, who presented with a large pericardial effusion. The pericardial fluid was drained. We present the laboratory findings to improve knowledge of this virus. We believe this is the first such reported case. Findings suggested the fluid was exudative, with remarkably high lactate dehydrogenase and albumin levels. We hope our data provide additional insight into the diagnosis and therapeutic options for managing this infection.LEARNING POINTS: Laboratory findings of drained pericardial fluid in a patient with COVID-19 are presented.The clinical presentation of pericardial involvement in COVID-19 infection and the role of echocardiography in diagnosis and management are described."}, {"pmid": 32505599, "title": "CT Manifestations and Clinical Characteristics of 1115 Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Wan, Shang", "Li, Mingqi", "Ye, Zheng", "Yang, Caiwei", "Cai, Qian", "Duan, Shaofeng", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505599", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to assess the prevalence of significant computed tomographic(CT) manifestations and describe some notable features based on chest CT images, as well as the main clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed to identify studies assessing CT features, clinical, and laboratory results of COVID-19 patients. A single-arm meta-analysis was conducted to obtain the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A total of 14 articles (including 1115 patients) based on chest CT images were retrieved. In the lesion patterns on chest CTs, we found that pure ground-glass opacities (GGO) (69%, 95% CI 58-80%), consolidation (47%, 35-60%) and \"air bronchogram sign\" (46%, 25-66%) were more common than the atypical lesion of \"crazy-paving pattern\" (15%, 8-22%). With regard to disease extent and involvement, 70% (95% CI 46-95%) of cases showed a location preference for the right lower lobe, 65% (58-73%) of patients presented with \u22653 lobes involvement, and meanwhile, 42% (32-53%) of patients had involvement of all five lobes, while 67% (55-78%) of patients showed a predominant peripheral distribution. An understanding of some important CT features might be helpful for medical surveillance and management. In terms of clinical features, muscle soreness (21%, 95% CI 15-26%) and diarrhea (7%, 4-10%) were minor symptoms compared to fever (80%, 74-87%) and cough (53%, 33-72%). Chest CT manifestations in patients with COVID-19, as well as its main clinical characteristics, might be helpful in disease evolution and management."}, {"pmid": 32362452, "pmcid": "PMC7184007", "title": "The importance of olfactory and gustatory disorders as early symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Vaira, Luigi Angelo", "Salzano, Giovanni", "De Riu, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362452", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402596, "pmcid": "PMC7198151", "title": "[Practical guidelines for the radiotherapy for patients presented with haematological malignancies in the epidemic COVID-19 situation: International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group recommendations].", "journal": "Cancer Radiother", "authors": ["Kirova, Y"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402596", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271456, "title": "Clinical efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Ye, X-T", "Luo, Y-L", "Xia, S-C", "Sun, Q-F", "Ding, J-G", "Zhou, Y", "Chen, W", "Wang, X-F", "Zhang, W-W", "Du, W-J", "Ruan, Z-W", "Hong, L"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271456", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which outbroke in December 2019 is highly contagious with a low cure rate. In view of this, there is an urgent need to find a more appropriate therapeutic scheme against COVID-19. The study aimed to investigate whether lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in combination with other pneumonia-associated adjuvant drugs has a better therapeutic effect on COVID-19. Totally 47 patients with COVID-19 infection who were admitted to Rui'an People's Hospital between January 22 and January 29, 2020 were collected. The patients were divided into the test group and the control group according to whether they had been treated with LPV/r or not during hospitalization. Patients in the test group were treated with LPV/r combined with adjuvant medicine, while those in the control group were just treated with adjuvant medicine. The changes of body temperature, blood routine and blood biochemistry between the two groups were observed and compared. Both groups achieved good therapeutic effect with the body temperature of patients decreased gradually from admission to the 10th day of treatment. But the body temperature of patients in the test group decreased faster than that of the control group. Blood routine indexes showed that compared with the control group, the abnormal proportion of white blood cells, lymphocytes and C-reactive protein of the test group could be reduced to some extent. Blood biochemical indexes exhibited that the proportion of patients with abnormal alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the test group were lower than the control group. The number of days for nCoV-RNA turning negative after treatment was significantly decreased in the test group than that in the control group. Compared with the treatment of pneumonia-associated adjuvant drugs alone, the combination treatment with LPV/r and adjuvant drugs has a more evident therapeutic effect in lowering the body temperature and restoring normal physiological mechanisms with no evident toxic and side effects. In view of these conclusions, we suggested that the use of LPV/r combined with pneumonia-associated adjuvant drugs in the clinical treatment for patients with COVID-19 should be promoted."}, {"pmid": 32376760, "title": "Covid-19: UK death toll overtakes Italy's to become worst in Europe.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376760", "countries": ["Italy", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479795, "pmcid": "PMC7259906", "title": "Lung function testing in the COVID-19 endemic.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Hull, James H", "Lloyd, Julie K", "Cooper, Brendan G"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479795", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32017661, "pmcid": "PMC7194022", "title": "CT Imaging Features of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV).", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Chung, Michael", "Bernheim, Adam", "Mei, Xueyan", "Zhang, Ning", "Huang, Mingqian", "Zeng, Xianjun", "Cui, Jiufa", "Xu, Wenjian", "Yang, Yang", "Fayad, Zahi A", "Jacobi, Adam", "Li, Kunwei", "Li, Shaolin", "Shan, Hong"], "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32017661", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this retrospective case series, chest CT scans of 21 symptomatic patients from China infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) were reviewed, with emphasis on identifying and characterizing the most common findings. Typical CT findings included bilateral pulmonary parenchymal ground-glass and consolidative pulmonary opacities, sometimes with a rounded morphology and a peripheral lung distribution. Notably, lung cavitation, discrete pulmonary nodules, pleural effusions, and lymphadenopathy were absent. Follow-up imaging in a subset of patients during the study time window often demonstrated mild or moderate progression of disease, as manifested by increasing extent and density of lung opacities."}, {"pmid": 32493833, "title": "COVID-19 and the US response: accelerating health inequities.", "journal": "BMJ Evid Based Med", "authors": ["Okonkwo, Nneoma E", "Aguwa, Ugochi T", "Jang, Minyoung", "Barre, Iman A", "Page, Kathleen R", "Sullivan, Patrick S", "Beyrer, Chris", "Baral, Stefan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493833", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health inequities have long defined health and the healthcare system in the USA. The clinical and research capacity across the USA is unparalleled, yet compared to other high and even some middle-income countries, the average health indicators of the population remain suboptimal in 2020, a finding at least in part explained by inequity in healthcare access. In this context, COVID-19 has rapidly emerged as a major threat to the public's health. While it was initially thought that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 would be the great equaliser as it would not discriminate, it is clear that COVID-19 incidence and mortality have rapidly reinforced health disparities drawn by historical and contemporary inequities. Here, we synthesise the data highlighting specific risks among particular marginalised and under-resourced communities including those in jails, prisons and detention centers, immigrants and the undocumented, people with disabilities and people experiencing homelessness across the USA. The drivers of these disparities are pervasive structural risks including limited access to preventive services, inability to comply with physical distancing recommendations, underlying health disparities and intersecting stigmas particularly affecting racial and ethnic minorities across the country, including African Americans, Latinx Americans and Native Americans. Advancing the COVID-19 response, saving lives and restarting the economy necessitate rapidly addressing these inequities rather than ignoring and even reinforcing them."}, {"pmid": 32391446, "pmcid": "PMC7205721", "title": "Noncontact endoscopy for infection-free gastric examination during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "VideoGIE", "authors": ["Pan, Jun", "Li, Zhaoshen", "Liao, Zhuan"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391446", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32167524, "pmcid": "PMC7070509", "title": "Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Wu, Chaomin", "Chen, Xiaoyan", "Cai, Yanping", "Xia, Jia'an", "Zhou, Xing", "Xu, Sha", "Huang, Hanping", "Zhang, Li", "Zhou, Xia", "Du, Chunling", "Zhang, Yuye", "Song, Juan", "Wang, Sijiao", "Chao, Yencheng", "Yang, Zeyong", "Xu, Jie", "Zhou, Xin", "Chen, Dechang", "Xiong, Weining", "Xu, Lei", "Zhou, Feng", "Jiang, Jinjun", "Bai, Chunxue", "Zheng, Junhua", "Song, Yuanlin"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167524", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that was first reported in Wuhan, China, and has subsequently spread worldwide. Risk factors for the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia have not yet been well delineated. To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or died. Retrospective cohort study of 201 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital in China between December 25, 2019, and January 26, 2020. The final date of follow-up was February 13, 2020. Confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. The development of ARDS and death. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, management, treatment, and outcome data were also collected and analyzed. Of 201 patients, the median age was 51 years (interquartile range, 43-60 years), and 128 (63.7%) patients were men. Eighty-four patients (41.8%) developed ARDS, and of those 84 patients, 44 (52.4%) died. In those who developed ARDS, compared with those who did not, more patients presented with dyspnea (50 of 84 [59.5%] patients and 30 of 117 [25.6%] patients, respectively [difference, 33.9%; 95% CI, 19.7%-48.1%]) and had comorbidities such as hypertension (23 of 84 [27.4%] patients and 16 of 117 [13.7%] patients, respectively [difference, 13.7%; 95% CI, 1.3%-26.1%]) and diabetes (16 of 84 [19.0%] patients and 6 of 117 [5.1%] patients, respectively [difference, 13.9%; 95% CI, 3.6%-24.2%]). In bivariate Cox regression analysis, risk factors associated with the development of ARDS and progression from ARDS to death included older age (hazard ratio [HR], 3.26; 95% CI 2.08-5.11; and HR, 6.17; 95% CI, 3.26-11.67, respectively), neutrophilia (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09-1.19; and HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.17, respectively), and organ and coagulation dysfunction (eg, higher lactate dehydrogenase [HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.44-1.79; and HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.11-1.52, respectively] and D-dimer [HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04; and HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04, respectively]). High fever (\u226539 \u00b0C) was associated with higher likelihood of ARDS development (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.11-2.84) and lower likelihood of death (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21-0.82). Among patients with ARDS, treatment with methylprednisolone decreased the risk of death (HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.20-0.72). Older age was associated with greater risk of development of ARDS and death likely owing to less rigorous immune response. Although high fever was associated with the development of ARDS, it was also associated with better outcomes among patients with ARDS. Moreover, treatment with methylprednisolone may be beneficial for patients who develop ARDS."}, {"pmid": 32473354, "pmcid": "PMC7253967", "title": "Racial disparity in Covid-19 mortality rates - A plausible explanation.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Tal, Yuval", "Adini, Avner", "Eran, Alal", "Adini, Irit"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473354", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505472, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on suicidal ideation and alcohol presentations to emergency departments in a large healthcare system.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Smalley, Courtney M", "Malone, Donald A Jr", "Meldon, Stephen W", "Borden, Bradford L", "Simon, Erin L", "Muir, McKinsey R", "Fertel, Baruch S"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505472", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365751, "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 Exerts a Distinctive Strategy for Interacting with the ACE2 Human Receptor.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Brielle, Esther S", "Schneidman-Duhovny, Dina", "Linial, Michal"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365751", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 disease has plagued over 200 countries with over three million cases and has resulted in over 200,000 deaths within 3 months. To gain insight into the high infection rate of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we compare the interaction between the human ACE2 receptor and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with that of other pathogenic coronaviruses using molecular dynamics simulations. SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and HCoV-NL63 recognize ACE2 as the natural receptor but present a distinct binding interface to ACE2 and a different network of residue-residue contacts. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have comparable binding affinities achieved by balancing energetics and dynamics. The SARS-CoV-2-ACE2 complex contains a higher number of contacts, a larger interface area, and decreased interface residue fluctuations relative to the SARS-CoV-ACE2 complex. These findings expose an exceptional evolutionary exploration exerted by coronaviruses toward host recognition. We postulate that the versatility of cell receptor binding strategies has immediate implications for therapeutic strategies."}, {"pmid": 32340107, "pmcid": "PMC7215737", "title": "The Use of Digital Health in the Detection and Management of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Alwashmi, Meshari F"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340107", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Digital health is uniquely positioned to enhance the way we detect and manage infectious diseases. This commentary explores the potential of implementing digital technologies that can be used at different stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, including data-driven disease surveillance, screening, triage, diagnosis, and monitoring. Methods that could potentially reduce the exposure of healthcare providers to the virus are also discussed."}, {"pmid": 32242828, "title": "Decreased \"WBC*LYM\" was observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients from a fever clinic in Wuhan.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Chi", "Zhang, Linjing", "Chen, Xing", "Zhang, Hui", "Fei, Yang"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242828", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524893, "title": "Structural barriers to adhering to health behaviours in the context of the COVID-19 crisis: Considerations for low- and middle-income countries.", "journal": "Glob Public Health", "authors": ["Coetzee, Bronwyne Jo'sean", "Kagee, Ashraf"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524893", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "ABSTRACT In seeking to limit the number of new infections of COVID-19, governments around the world have implemented national lockdowns and guidelines about safe behaviours. Lockdown requires people to stay home and only leave when essential such as to purchase groceries and medication. In low- and middle-income countries, many of which have large proportions of the population living in precarity, lockdown forces millions of people to spend prolonged periods of time together in close proximity to one another and with limited resources. In many ways, efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19 in densely populated communities with limited access to food, water and sanitation may seem counter-intuitive and even impossible under conditions of precarity. In this paper, we explore the barriers to implementation of lockdown rules in conditions of precarity. We conceptualise the structural barriers by drawing on the Theoretical Domains Framework to explain how these barriers influence adherence to lockdown rules. We argue that without sufficient support or intervention to help poor communities mitigate these structural barriers, adhering to lockdown rules is difficult, resulting in continued COVID-19 infections."}, {"pmid": 32518471, "pmcid": "PMC7254020", "title": "Prediction of CoVid-19 infection, transmission and recovery rates: A new analysis and global societal comparisons.", "journal": "Saf Sci", "authors": ["Duffey, Romney B", "Zio, Enrico"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518471", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We analyze the process of infection rate growth and decline for the recent global pandemic, applying a new method to the available global data. We describe and utilize an original approach based on statistical physics to predict the societal transmission timescale and the universal recovery trajectory resulting from the countermeasures implemented in entire societies. We compare the whole-society infection growth rates for many countries and local regions, to illustrate the common physical and mathematical basis for the viral spread and infection rate reduction, and validate the theory and resulting correlations. We show that methods traditionally considered for the numerical analysis and the control of individual virus transmission (e.g. \u211c0 scaling) represent one special case of the theory, and also compare our results to the available IHME computer model outcomes. We proceed to illustrate several interesting features of the different approaches to the mitigation of the pandemic, related to social isolation and \"lockdown\" tactics. Finally, we use presently available data from many countries to make actual predictions of the time needed for securing minimum infection rates in the future, highlighting the differences that emerge between isolated \"islands\" and mobile cities, and identifying the desired overall recovery trajectory."}, {"pmid": 32492295, "title": "Universal Masking in the Covid-19 Era.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Klompas, Michael", "Morris, Charles A", "Shenoy, Erica S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443828, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and Telephone Triage before Attending Medical Office: Problem or Opportunity?", "journal": "Medicina (Kaunas)", "authors": ["Cervino, Gabriele", "Oteri, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443828", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 emergency, the medical operating protocols have been largely modified for reducing any type of contamination risk, for working in a safe way and for making the patient feel in a safe environment. Telemedicine, smart phones and apps could represent important devices for the community, in order to prevent virus trasmission and to perform quick diagnosis and management at medical offices. This manuscript could be useful for clinicians with regard to the current state of the effectiveness of the telephone triage in this COVID-19 epidemic period. Therefore, it could be an important starting point for future perspectives about telemedicine and virtual patient management."}, {"pmid": 32314033, "pmcid": "PMC7169370", "title": "Practical experience on emergency ophthalmic surgery during the prevalence of COVID-19.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Du, Hao", "Zhang, Meng", "Zhang, Hong", "Sun, Xufang"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314033", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463703, "title": "We're Not All in This Together: On COVID-19, Intersectionality, and Structural Inequality.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Bowleg, Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463703", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324954, "pmcid": "PMC7264559", "title": "Weight Stigma and the \"Quarantine-15\".", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Pearl, Rebecca L"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324954", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533829, "title": "Maintaining comprehensive pharmacy services during a pandemic: recommendations from a designated COVID-19 facility.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Sin, Jonathan H", "Richards, I Ian", "Ribisi, Maria S"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533829", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32113198, "title": "[Fitting and forecasting the trend of COVID-19 by SEIR(+CAQ) dynamic model].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wei, Y Y", "Lu, Z Z", "Du, Z C", "Zhang, Z J", "Zhao, Y", "Shen, S P", "Wang, B", "Hao, Y T", "Chen, F"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113198", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives: Fitting and forecasting the trend of COVID-19 epidemics. Methods: Based on SEIR dynamic model, considering the COVID-19 transmission mechanism, infection spectrum and prevention and control procedures, we developed SEIR(+CAQ) dynamic model to fit the frequencies of laboratory confirmed cases obtained from the government official websites. The data from January 20, 2020 to February 7, 2020 were used to fit the model, while the left data between February 8-12 were used to evaluate the quality of forecasting. Results: According to the cumulative number of confirmed cases between January 29 to February 7, the fitting bias of SEIR(+CAQ) model for overall China (except for cases of Hubei province), Hubei province (except for cases of Wuhan city) and Wuhan city was less than 5%. For the data of subsequent 5 days between February 8 to 12, which were not included in the model fitting, the prediction biases were less than 10%. Regardless of the cases diagnosed by clinical examines, the numbers of daily emerging cases of China (Hubei province not included), Hubei Province (Wuhan city not included) and Wuhan city reached the peak in the early February. Under the current strength of prevention and control, the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases in overall China will reach 80 417 till February 29, 2020, respectively. Conclusions: The proposed SEIR(+CAQ) dynamic model fits and forecasts the trend of novel coronavirus pneumonia well and provides evidence for decision making."}, {"pmid": 32414420, "pmcid": "PMC7226707", "title": "Prolonged prone position ventilation for SARS-CoV-2 patients is feasible and effective.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Carsetti, Andrea", "Damia Paciarini, Agnese", "Marini, Benedetto", "Pantanetti, Simona", "Adrario, Erica", "Donati, Abele"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414420", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388476, "pmcid": "PMC7199671", "title": "Is copper beneficial for COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Raha, Syamal", "Mallick, Rahul", "Basak, Sanjay", "Duttaroy, Asim K"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388476", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for both pathogens and the hosts during viral infection. Cu is involved in the functions of critical immune cells such as T helper cells, B cells, neutrophils natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages. These blood cells are involved in the killing of infectious microbes, in cell-mediated immunity and the production of specific antibodies against the pathogens. Cu-deficient humans show an exceptional susceptibility to infections due to the decreased number and function of these blood cells. Besides, Cu can kill several infectious viruses such as bronchitis virus, poliovirus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1), other enveloped or nonenveloped, single- or double-stranded DNA and RNA viruses. Moreover, Cu has the potent capacity of contact killing of several viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Since the current outbreak of the COVID-19 continues to develop, and there is no vaccine or drugs are currently available, the critical option is now to make the immune system competent to fight against the SARS-CoV-2. Based on available data, we hypothesize that enrichment of plasma copper levels will boost both the innate and adaptive immunity in people. Moreover, owing to its potent antiviral activities, Cu may also act as a preventive and therapeutic regime against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32498686, "pmcid": "PMC7270518", "title": "Immunologic aspects of characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Biomed Sci", "authors": ["Chang, Feng-Yee", "Chen, Hsiang-Cheng", "Chen, Pei-Jer", "Ho, Mei-Shang", "Hsieh, Shie-Liang", "Lin, Jung-Chung", "Liu, Fu-Tong", "Sytwu, Huey-Kang"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498686", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the worldwide spread of the infectious disease COVID-19, caused by a new strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, as a pandemic. Like in all other infectious diseases, the host immune system plays a key role in our defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, viruses are able to evade the immune attack and proliferate and, in susceptible individuals, cause severe inflammatory response known as cytokine storm, particularly in the lungs. The advancement in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the host immune responses promises to facilitate the development of approaches for prevention or treatment of diseases. Components of immune system, such as antibodies, can also be used to develop sensitive and specific diagnostic methods as well as novel therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize our knowledge about how the host mounts immune responses to infection by SARS-CoV-2. We also describe the diagnostic methods being used for COVID-19 identification and summarize the current status of various therapeutic strategies, including vaccination, being considered for treatment of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32113508, "pmcid": "PMC7124371", "title": "Looming threat of COVID-19 infection in Africa: act collectively, and fast.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Nkengasong, John N", "Mankoula, Wessam"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113508", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394889, "title": "Spontaneous reporting of onset of disturbing dreams and nightmares related to early life traumatic experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic by patients with posttraumatic stress disorder in remission.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Gupta, Madhulika A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394889", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500987, "title": "Characteristics and assessment of the usefulness of serological tests in the diagnostic of infections caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 on the basis of available manufacturer's data and literature review.", "journal": "Przegl Epidemiol", "authors": ["Rastawicki, Waldemar", "Rokosz-Chudziak, Natalia"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500987", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recognized in 2019 in Wuhan, China, the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is responsible for the occurrence of a global pandemic disease called COVID-19. So far, confirmation of infection is based on the detection of virus RNA in a sample taken from a person meeting the suspected case definition. However, in the laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections, in addition to genetic tests, serological methods can also be used to detect specific antibodies of the IgM, IgG and IgA class produced after contact with antigens or to detect viral antigen. Currently, a number of rapid immunochromatographic, chemiluminescent and ELISA immunoassay tests developed by different manufacturers for the diagnosis of COVID-19 are available on the market. Despite this fact, so far there is no WHO or ECDC recommendations or even reliable research regarding the usefulness of serological investigations in the laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32347323, "pmcid": "PMC7186535", "title": "Facing COVID-19 in the ICU: vascular dysfunction, thrombosis, and dysregulated inflammation.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Leisman, Daniel E", "Deutschman, Clifford S", "Legrand, Matthieu"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347323", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527863, "title": "Digital crowdsourcing: unleashing its power in rheumatology.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Krusche, Martin", "Burmester, Gerd R", "Knitza, Johannes"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527863", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic forces the whole rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases community to reassemble established treatment and research standards. Digital crowdsourcing is a key tool in this pandemic to create and distil desperately needed clinical evidence and exchange of knowledge for patients and physicians alike. This viewpoint explains the concept of digital crowdsourcing and discusses examples and opportunities in rheumatology. First experiences of digital crowdsourcing in rheumatology show transparent, accessible, accelerated research results empowering patients and rheumatologists."}, {"pmid": 32359819, "pmcid": "PMC7183945", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology Training Programs: What You Need to Know.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Warhadpande, Shantanu", "Khaja, Minhaj S", "Sabri, Saher S"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359819", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has affected medical education in unprecedented ways. Herein, we briefly describe the affects of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology residency training and summarize up to date guidance by governing bodies and key stakeholders."}, {"pmid": 32405602, "pmcid": "PMC7217632", "title": "Implications of gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Yang, Lijing", "Tu, Lei"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405602", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267962, "pmcid": "PMC7262112", "title": "Migraine in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Silvestro, Marcello", "Tessitore, Alessandro", "Tedeschi, Gioacchino", "Russo, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267962", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450409, "pmcid": "PMC7236679", "title": "Psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown among students and workers of a Spanish university.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Odriozola-Gonzalez, Paula", "Planchuelo-Gomez, Alvaro", "Irurtia, Maria Jesus", "de Luis-Garcia, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450409", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to analyze the psychological impact of COVID-19 in the university community during the first weeks of confinement. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was employed to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. The emotional impact of the situation was analyzed using the Impact of Event Scale. An online survey was fulfilled by 2530 members of the University of Valladolid, in Spain. Moderate to extremely severe scores of anxiety, depression, and stress were reported by 21.34%, 34.19% and 28.14% of the respondents, respectively. A total of 50.43% of respondents presented moderate to severe impact of the outbreak. Students from Arts & Humanities and Social Sciences & Law showed higher scores related to anxiety, depression, stress and impact of event with respect to students from Engineering & Architecture. University staff presented lower scores in all measures compared to students, who seem to have suffered an important psychological impact during the first weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown. In order to provide timely crisis-oriented psychological services and to take preventive measures in future pandemic situations, mental health in university students should be carefully monitored."}, {"pmid": 32328590, "pmcid": "PMC7176391", "title": "Cardio-oncology Care in the Time of COVID-19 and the Role of Telehealth.", "journal": "JACC CardioOncol", "authors": ["Parikh, Amar", "Kumar, Anupam A", "Jahangir, Eiman"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328590", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428111, "pmcid": "PMC7213663", "title": "Why is SARS-CoV-2 infection milder among children?", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Palmeira, Patricia", "Barbuto, Jose Alexandre M", "Silva, Clovis Artur A", "Carneiro-Sampaio, Magda"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428111", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517822, "title": "Factors associated with the duration of hospitalization among COVID-19 patients in Vietnam: A survival analysis.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Thai, Pham Quang", "Toan, Do Thi Thanh", "Dinh, Thai Son", "Hoang, Thi Hai Van", "Luu, Ngoc Minh", "Xuan Hung, Le", "Ngo, Van Toan", "Luu, Ngoc Hoat", "Duong, Huy Luong", "Luong, Ngoc Khue", "Nguyen, Trong Khoa", "Le, Thi Huong"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517822", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32108458, "title": "[Consideration and suggestions on development of blood transfusion department under the epidemic situation of novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, X M", "Wang, D Q"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108458", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531128, "title": "Cardiac surgery in patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection: Early experience.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Hussain, Azhar", "Khan, Habib", "Lopez-Marco, Ana", "Roberts, Neil", "Oo, Aung"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531128", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, now termed SARS-CoV-2, has caused a significant global impact in the space of 4 months. Almost all elective cardiac surgical operations have been postponed in order to reduce transmission and to allocate resources adequately. Urgent and emergency cardiac surgery is still taking place during the pandemic. The decision to operate in urgent patients with active/recent COVID-19 infection is difficult to make, particularly as it is still an unknown disease entity in the setting of emergent cardiac surgery. We present a case series of three patients who underwent urgent cardiac surgery and who have had recent or active COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32488861, "title": "Applied Clinical Pharmacology in a Crisis - Interleukin-6 Axis Blockade and COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Strohbehn, Garth W", "Reid, Pankti D", "Ratain, Mark J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488861", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) represents an emergent threat to the public health. Mitigation strategies have been employed to varying effect in many Western nations. Treatment strategies to effectively address COVID-19 and equitably distribute resources are needed, especially in overwhelmed hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32227668, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak at the Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Jorstad, Oystein Kalsnes", "Moe, Morten Carstens", "Eriksen, Ketil", "Petrovski, Goran", "Bragadottir, Ragnheiethur"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227668", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503728, "pmcid": "PMC7165097", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia in a dual heart-kidney recipient.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Stachel, Maxine W", "Gidea, Claudia G", "Reyentovich, Alex", "Mehta, Sapna A", "Moazami, Nader"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503728", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347772, "title": "National Response to COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea and Lessons Learned for Other Countries.", "journal": "Health Syst Reform", "authors": ["Oh, Juhwan", "Lee, Jong-Koo", "Schwarz, Dan", "Ratcliffe, Hannah L", "Markuns, Jeffrey F", "Hirschhorn, Lisa R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347772", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Republic of Korea (South Korea) had the second highest number of cases globally yet was able to dramatically lower the incidence of new cases and sustain a low mortality rate, making it a promising example of strong national response. We describe the main strategies undertaken and selected facilitators and challenges in order to identify transferable lessons for other countries working to control the spread and impact of COVID-19. Identified strategies included early recognition of the threat and rapid activation of national response protocols led by national leadership; rapid establishment of diagnostic capacity; scale-up of measures for preventing community transmission; and redesigning the triage and treatment systems, mobilizing the necessary resources for clinical care. Facilitators included existing hospital capacity, the epidemiology of the COVID-19 outbreak, and strong national leadership despite political changes and population sensitization due to the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic. Challenges included sustaining adequate human resources and supplies in high-caseload areas. Key recommendations include (1) recognize the problem, (2) establish diagnostic capacity, (3) implement aggressive measures to prevent community transmission, (4) redesign and reallocate clinical resources for the new environment, and (5) work to limit economic impact through and while prioritizing controlling the spread and impact of COVID-19. South Korea's strategies to prevent, detect, and respond to the pandemic represent applicable knowledge that can be adopted by other countries and the global community facing the enormous COVID-19 challenges ahead."}, {"pmid": 32267531, "title": "COVID-19 Obstetrics Task Force, Lombardy, Italy: Executive management summary and short report of outcome.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Ferrazzi, Enrico M", "Frigerio, Luigi", "Cetin, Irene", "Vergani, Patrizia", "Spinillo, Arsenio", "Prefumo, Federico", "Pellegrini, Edda", "Gargantini, Gianluigi"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267531", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From February 24, 2020, a COVID-19 obstetric task force was structured to deliver management recommendations for obstetric care. From March 1, 2020, six COVID-19 hubs and their spokes were designated. An interim analysis of cases occurring in or transferred to these hubs was performed on March 20, 2020 and recommendations were released on March 24, 2020. The vision of this strict organization was to centralize patients in high-risk maternity centers in order to concentrate human resources and personal protective equipment (PPE), dedicate protected areas of these major hospitals, and centralize clinical multidisciplinary experience with this disease. All maternity hospitals were informed to provide a protected labor and delivery room for nontransferable patients in advanced labor. A pre-triage based on temperature and 14 other items was developed in order to screen suspected patients in all hospitals to be tested with nasopharyngeal swabs. Obstetric outpatient facilities were instructed to maintain scheduled pregnancy screening as per Italian guidelines, and to provide pre-triage screening and surgical masks for personnel and patients for pre-triage-negative patients. Forty-two cases were recorded in the first 20\u00a0days of hub and spoke organization. The clinical presentation was interstitial pneumonia in 20 women. Of these, seven required respiratory support and eventually recovered. Two premature labors occurred."}, {"pmid": 32175437, "pmcid": "PMC7048972", "title": "The role of CT for Covid-19 patient's management remains poorly defined.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Wang, Yi Xiang J", "Liu, Wei-Hong", "Yang, Mo", "Chen, Wei"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175437", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32159775, "pmcid": "PMC7066521", "title": "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Wang, Wenling", "Xu, Yanli", "Gao, Ruqin", "Lu, Roujian", "Han, Kai", "Wu, Guizhen", "Tan, Wenjie"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159775", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474555, "title": "Evaluation of RdRp & ORF-1b-nsp14-based real-time RT-PCR assays for confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection: An observational study.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Alagarasu, K", "Choudhary, M L", "Lole, K S", "Abraham, Priya", "Potdar, V"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474555", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283177, "pmcid": "PMC7146686", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): first indication of efficacy of Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin in SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Polansky, Hanan", "Lori, Gillad"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283177", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333086, "pmcid": "PMC7180673", "title": "[Remdesivir for patients with severe COVID-19].", "journal": "Internist (Berl)", "authors": ["Augustin, M", "Hallek, M", "Nitschmann, S"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333086", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235575, "pmcid": "PMC7177691", "title": "The First 75 Days of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: Recent Advances, Prevention, and Treatment.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Yan, Yuxin", "Shin, Woo In", "Pang, Yoong Xin", "Meng, Yang", "Lai, Jianchen", "You, Chong", "Zhao, Haitao", "Lester, Edward", "Wu, Tao", "Pang, Cheng Heng"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235575", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV) outbreak has engulfed an unprepared world amidst a festive season. The zoonotic SARS-CoV-2, believed to have originated from infected bats, is the seventh member of enveloped RNA coronavirus. Specifically, the overall genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 is 96.2% identical to that of bat coronavirus termed BatCoV RaTG13. Although the current mortality rate of 2% is significantly lower than that of SARS (9.6%) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (35%), SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and transmissible from human to human with an incubation period of up to 24 days. Some statistical studies have shown that, on average, one infected patient may lead to a subsequent 5.7 confirmed cases. Since the first reported case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 on December 1, 2019, in Wuhan, China, there has been a total of 60,412 confirmed cases with 1370 fatalities reported in 25 different countries as of February 13, 2020. The outbreak has led to severe impacts on social health and the economy at various levels. This paper is a review of the significant, continuous global effort that was made to respond to the outbreak in the first 75 days. Although no vaccines have been discovered yet, a series of containment measures have been implemented by various governments, especially in China, in the effort to prevent further outbreak, whilst various medical treatment approaches have been used to successfully treat infected patients. On the basis of current studies, it would appear that the combined antiviral treatment has shown the highest success rate. This review aims to critically summarize the most recent advances in understanding the coronavirus, as well as the strategies in prevention and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32270574, "pmcid": "PMC7262035", "title": "Improving staff safety during tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Vargas, Maria", "Servillo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270574", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471705, "pmcid": "PMC7250556", "title": "[Responsiveness and sustainability of psychiatric care in France during COVID-19 epidemic].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Bocher, R", "Jansen, C", "Gayet, P", "Gorwood, P", "Laprevote, V"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471705", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The sudden changes of healthcare system due to COVID-19 particularly affect the organization of psychiatry. The objective of this review is to examine the adaptations of psychiatric care in France during this pandemic. This narrative review is based on the observation of changes made in French psychiatric hospitals and on an analysis of the literature. Regarding psychiatric hospitalization, the COVID-19 epidemic required rapid measures that profoundly modified the conditions of patients' reception, forcing the medical staffs to adapt their methods of care. The authors noted the creation of at least 89 wards specifically dedicated to patients with COVID-19 needing psychiatric hospitalization, allowing dual care of general medicine and psychiatry. Regarding ambulatory care, maintaining patients with long-term follow-up was a priority. Patients recalling and teleconsultation have been precious resources but cannot entirely replace face-to-face consultations. COVID-19 epidemic created unprecedented situation of large-scale upheavals in the healthcare system and in society. Despite the absence of previous recommendations on the subject, French psychiatry has shown great adaptability. Some changes could inspire post-COVID-19 care."}, {"pmid": 32519903, "title": "'Virtually Perfect' for Some but Perhaps Not for All: Launching Telemedicine in the Bronx During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Watts, Kara L", "Abraham, Nitya"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519903", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341604, "pmcid": "PMC7184980", "title": "Spinal anesthesia in COVID-19 patients, more research is needed.", "journal": "Braz J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Hashemi, Masoud", "Taheri, Mehrdad", "Aminnejad, Reza"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341604", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444253, "pmcid": "PMC7196391", "title": "Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Prospects and Limitations.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Khalili, Neda", "Haseli, Sara", "Iranpour, Pooya"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444253", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344226, "pmcid": "PMC7175909", "title": "COVID-19: Disease, management, treatment, and social impact.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ali, Imran", "Alharbi, Omar M L"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344226", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was originated from Wuhan city of Hubei Province in China in December 2019. Since then it has spread in more than 210 countries and territories. It is a viral disease due to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The patients show flu-like symptoms with a dry cough, sore throat, high fever, and breathing problems. The disease due to SARS-CoV-2 was named as COVID-19. About 2.2 million people have been infected with more than 0.15 million deaths globally. The United States of America is the most affected country with the highest patients of about 0.7 million. Despite great efforts, there is no treatment of this disease. However, prevention and management are the best options. This article describes SARS-CoV-2, disease, prevention and management, treatment and social impact on society. It was analyzed that a combination of antiviral drugs with hydroxyl-chloroquine and azithromycin (with the consultation of a medical practitioner) may be the best option to treat the patients, depending on the patient's conditions and symptoms. However, Unani therapy may be useful along with allopathic treatment. It is urgently advised and requested that all the persons should follow the preventive measures, managements and quarantine strictly without any religious discrepancy otherwise the situation may be the worst. Also, there is an urgent requirement to educate our new generation for science and technology to fight against any such disaster in future; if any. There is no need to be panic and proper prevention and management are essential to combat this disease. This article may be useful to create awareness among the public, to prevent, manage and treat COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32308218, "pmcid": "PMC7144709", "title": "MSMA Urges Congress Independent Physician Financial Stability in Economic COVID-19 Relief Legislation.", "journal": "Mo Med", "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308218", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395151, "pmcid": "PMC7210469", "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (the cause of COVID 19) in different types of clinical specimens and implications for cytopathology specimen: An editorial review with recommendations.", "journal": "Cytojournal", "authors": ["Shidham, Vinod B", "Frisch, Nora K", "Layfield, Lester J"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395151", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425431, "pmcid": "PMC7233258", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and the Olympic Games.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Vaishya, Raju"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425431", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202647, "title": "Mimics and chameleons of COVID-19.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Nickel, Christian Hans", "Bingisser, Roland"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202647", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316737, "title": "Resumption of activity in gastroenterology departments. Recommendations by SEPD, AEEH, GETECCU and AEG.", "journal": "Rev Esp Enferm Dig", "authors": ["Crespo, Javier", "Andrade, Raul", "Alberca de Las Parras, Fernando", "Balaguer, Francesc", "Barreiro-de Acosta, Manuel", "Bujanda, Luis", "Gutierrez, Ana", "Jorquera, Francisco", "Iglesias-Garcia, Julio", "Sanchez-Yague, Andres", "Calleja, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316737", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The set of measures proposed by SEPD, AEEH, GETECCU and AEG are aimed to help departments in their resumption of usual activity. We have prepared a number of practical recommendations regarding patient management and the stepwise resumption of healthcare activity. These recommendations are based on the sparse, changing evidence available, and will be updated in the future according to daily needs and the availability of expendable materials to suit them; in each department they will be implemented depending upon the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in each region, and the burden the pandemic has represented for each hospital. The general objectives of these recommendations include: \u2022 To protect our patients against the risks of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and to provide them with high-quality care. \u2022 To protect all healthcare professionals against the risks of infection with SARS-CoV-2. \u2022 To resume normal functioning of our departments in a setting of ongoing risk for infection with SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32306474, "pmcid": "PMC7264533", "title": "Cardiovascular surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Mavioglu, Hayrettin L", "Unal, Ertekin U"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306474", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273382, "title": "Covid-19: Japan declares state of emergency as Tokyo cases soar.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Looi, Mun-Keat"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273382", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449297, "pmcid": "PMC7267088", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Virulence: Interplay of Floating Virus-Laden Particles, Climate, and Humans.", "journal": "Adv Biosyst", "authors": ["Hosseini, Vahid"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449297", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the emergence of COVID-19, it is important to address the possible scenarios of SARS-CoV-2 virulence. Although several researchers have addressed the possible mechanisms of enveloped virus transfection, for example, influenza, here, the relationship between exhaled virus laden-particles, the climate, and transfection probability is discussed by interpreting the findings of prior studies. Importantly, the higher probability of viral transfection in cold and dry public spaces such as near cold shelves of groceries is illustrated. Thus, additional protective measures in such spaces are recommended."}, {"pmid": 32515561, "title": "[Source of the COVID-19 pandemic: ecology and genetics of coronaviruses (Betacoronavirus: Coronaviridae) SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 (subgenus Sarbecovirus), and MERS-CoV (subgenus Merbecovirus).]", "journal": "Vopr Virusol", "authors": ["Lvov, D K", "Alkhovsky, S V"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515561", "countries": ["Russian Federation", "China", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the early 2000s, three novel zooanthroponous coronaviruses (Betacoronavirus) have emerged. The first outbreak of infection (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV virus occurred in the fall of 2002 in China (Guangdong Province). A second outbreak (MERS) associated with the new MERS-CoV virus appeared in Saudi Arabia in autumn 2012. The third epidemic, which turned into a COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, emerged in China (Hubei Province) in the autumn 2019. This review focuses on ecological and genetic aspects that lead to the emergence of new human zoanthroponous coronaviruses. The main mechanism of adaptation of zoonotic betacoronaviruses to humans is to changes in the receptor-binding domain of surface protein (S), as a result of which it gains the ability to bind human cellular receptors of epithelial cells in respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. This process is caused by the high genetic diversity and variability combined with frequent recombination, during virus circulation in their natural reservoir - bats (Microchiroptera, Chiroptera). Appearance of SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 (subgenus Sarbecovirus), and MERS (subgenus Merbecovirus) viruses is a result of evolutionary events occurring in bat populations with further transfer of viruses to the human directly or through the intermediate vertebrate hosts, ecologically connected with bats. This review is based on the report at the meeting \u00abCoronavirus - a global challenge to science\u00bb of the Scientific Council \u00abLife Science\u00bb of the Russian Academy of Science: Lvov D.K., Alkhovsky S.V., Burtseva E.I. COVID-19 pandemic sources: origin, biology and genetics of coronaviruses of SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV (Conference hall of Presidium of RAS, 14 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, Russia. April 16, 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32490798, "title": "Reducing the Risk of Diagnostic Error in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Gandhi, Tejal K", "Singh, Hardeep"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490798", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426210, "pmcid": "PMC7227515", "title": "Benign course of COVID-19 in a multiple sclerosis patient treated with Ocrelizumab.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Suwanwongse, Kulachanya", "Shabarek, Nehad"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426210", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32407643, "title": "COVID-19 and the 'Spanish' flu.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Ashton, John"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407643", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526045, "title": "Harmless Effects of Sterilizing 222-nm far-UV Radiation on Mouse Skin and Eye Tissues.", "journal": "Photochem Photobiol", "authors": ["Cadet, Jean"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526045", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is growing interest in using ultraviolet (UV) radiation for bactericidal and viral decontamination of air, surfaces and foods, a trend that is reinforced during the Covid-19 pandemic. For almost a century and a half, UVC and UVB radiations have been used extensively for non-thermal sterilization against various microbial pathogens by developing so-called ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) disinfection treatments (1). Most previous applications have used UVC light emitted from broad spectrum 254-nm low-pressure mercury lamps, which, however, has undesirable, harmful effects on the skin and retina of mammals due to, among other things, biomolecule damage by mutagenic and carcinogenic bipyrimidine photoproducts. These include predominant cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) as well as lower amounts of pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoadducts (6-4PPs) and their secondary photo-induced Dewar valence isomers (2)."}, {"pmid": 32380051, "pmcid": "PMC7198419", "title": "The clinical benefits of Chinese patent medicines against COVID-19 based on current evidence.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Dan", "Zhang, Bing", "Lv, Jin-Tao", "Sa, Ri-Na", "Zhang, Xiao-Meng", "Lin, Zhi-Jian"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380051", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of emerging infectious pneumonia caused by 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has posed an enormous threat to public health, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have made vast contribution to the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) among Chinese population. As an indispensable part of TCM, Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) are highly valued and critically acclaimed in their campaign to contain and tackle the epidemic, they can achieve considerable effects for both suspected cases under medical observation period, and confirmed individuals with serious underlying diseases or critical conditions. Given this, based on the Guideline on Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China, the present review summarized the basic information, clinical evidence and published literatures of recommended CPMs against COVID-19. The details were thoroughly introduced involving compositions, therapeutic effects, clinical indications, medication history of CPMs and the profiles of corresponding research. With regard to infected patients with different stages and syndrome, the preferable potentials and therapeutic mechanism of CPMs were addressed through the comprehensive collection of relevant literatures and on-going clinical trials. This study could provide an insight into clinical application and underlying mechanism of recommended CPMs against COVID-19, with the aim to share the Chinese experience in clinical practice and facilitate scientific development of TCM, especially CPMs in the fierce battle of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32240762, "pmcid": "PMC7146689", "title": "Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Wu, Yeshun", "Xu, Xiaolin", "Chen, Zijun", "Duan, Jiahao", "Hashimoto, Kenji", "Yang, Ling", "Liu, Cunming", "Yang, Chun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240762", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viral infections have detrimental impacts on neurological functions, and even to cause severe neurological damage. Very recently, coronaviruses (CoV), especially severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2), exhibit neurotropic properties and may also cause neurological diseases. It is reported that CoV can be found in the brain or cerebrospinal fluid. The pathobiology of these neuroinvasive viruses is still incompletely known, and it is therefore important to explore the impact of CoV infections on the nervous system. Here, we review the research into neurological complications in CoV infections and the possible mechanisms of damage to the nervous system."}, {"pmid": 32522810, "title": "Fighting on two fronts: drug-drug interactions in people living with HIV infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Eur J Hosp Pharm", "authors": ["Bahap, Melda", "Kara, Emre", "Sain Guven, Gulay"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522810", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250961, "title": "COVID-19 Related Misinformation on Social Media: A Qualitative Study from Iran.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Bastani, Peivand", "Bahrami, Mohammad Amin"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250961", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: During outbreaks of diseases a great amount of health threatening misinformation is produced and released. In the web-2 era much of this misinformation is disseminated via social media where information could spread easily and quickly. Monitoring social media content provides crucial insights for health managers to manage the crisis. Objective: Given the misinformation surrounding COVID-19 outbreak, this study was aimed to analyze contents of the most commonly used social networks in Iran that is among the affected countries. Methods: A social media monitoring conducted through a qualitative design to analyze the discussions of social media users about the content related to COVID-19 transferred via Iranian medical faculty members` groups in Telegram and Whats App during Feb 20 to March 20, 2020 emphasizing the misinformation. Discourse analysis was applied and the written dialogues and discussions regarding misinformation about different aspects of the outbreak between medical faculty members all over the country were analyzed. Results: Cultural factors, demand pressure for information during the crisis, the easiness of information dissemination via social networks, marketing incentives and the poor legal supervision of online contents are the main reasons of misinformation dissemination. Disease statistics; treatments, vaccines and medicines; prevention and protection methods; dietary recommendations and disease transmission ways are the main subjective categories of releasing misinformation regarding novel coronavirus outbreak. Consequences of misinformation dissemination regarding disease include psychosocial; economic; health status; health system and ethical ones. Active and effective presence of health professionals and authorities on social media during the crisis and the improvement of public health literacy in the long term are the most recommended strategies for dealing with issues related to misinformation. Conclusion: This study contributes the management of COVID-19 outbreak trough providing applicable insights for health managers to manage public information in this challenging time. "}, {"pmid": 32329408, "pmcid": "PMC7212545", "title": "Discovery of potential multi-target-directed ligands by targeting host-specific SARS-CoV-2 structurally conserved main protease.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Joshi, Rakesh S", "Jagdale, Shounak S", "Bansode, Sneha B", "Shankar, S Shiva", "Tellis, Meenakshi B", "Pandya, Vaibhav Kumar", "Chugh, Anita", "Giri, Ashok P", "Kulkarni, Mahesh J"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329408", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Worldwide this disease has infected over 2.5 million individuals with a mortality rate ranging from 5 to 10%. There are several efforts going on in the drug discovery to control the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The main protease (MPro) plays a critical role in viral replication and maturation, thus can serve as the primary drug target. To understand the structural evolution of MPro, we have performed phylogenetic and Sequence Similarity Network analysis, that depicted divergence of Coronaviridae MPro in five clusters specific to viral hosts. This clustering was corroborated with the comparison of MPro structures. Furthermore, it has been observed that backbone and binding site conformations are conserved despite variation in some of the residues. These attributes can be exploited to repurpose available viral protease inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 MPro. In agreement with this, we performed screening of \u223c7100 molecules including active ingredients present in the Ayurvedic anti-tussive medicines, anti-viral phytochemicals and synthetic anti-virals against SARS-CoV-2 MPro as the primary target. We identified several natural molecules like \u03b4-viniferin, myricitrin, taiwanhomoflavone A, lactucopicrin 15-oxalate, nympholide A, afzelin, biorobin, hesperidin and phyllaemblicin B that strongly binds to SARS-CoV-2 MPro. Intrestingly, these molecules also showed strong binding with other potential targets of SARS-CoV-2 infection like viral receptor human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE-2) and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). We anticipate that our approach for identification of multi-target-directed ligand will provide new avenues for drug discovery against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32296826, "pmcid": "PMC7184457", "title": "The changing patter of COVID-19 in China: A tempo-geographic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Weiming, T", "Huipeng, L", "Gifty, M", "Zaisheng, W", "Weibin, C", "Dan, W", "Rongbin, Y"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296826", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evaluating whether an infectious disease has reached a turning point is important for planning additional intervention efforts. This study aimed to analyze the changing patterns and the tempo-geographic features of the COVID-19 epidemic, to provide further evidence for real-time responses. Daily data on COVID-2019 cases between 31st Dec. 2019 and 26th Feb. 2020 were collected and analyzed for Hubei and non-Hubei regions. Observed trends for new and cumulative cases were analyzed through joint-point regressions. Spatial analysis was applied to show the geographic distribution and changing pattern of the epidemic. By 26th Feb. 2020, 78,630 confirmed COVID-19 cases had been reported in China. In Hubei, an increasing trend (slope=221) was observed for new cases between 24th Jan. and February 7th Feb. 2020, after which a decline commenced (slope=-868). However, as the diagnosis criteria changed, a sudden increase (slope=5530) was observed on 12th Feb., which sharply decreased afterward (slope=-4898). In non-Hubei regions, the number of new cases increased from 20th Jan. to 3rd Feb. and started to decline afterward (slope=-53). The spatial analysis identified Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Changsha, Nanchang, Wenzhou, Shanghai, Xinyang, Jining, and Beijing as the hotspots outside of Hubei province in China. The joint-point regression analysis indicated that the epidemic might have been under control in China, especially for regions outside of Hubei province. Further improvement in the response strategies based on these new patterns is needed."}, {"pmid": 32238223, "pmcid": "PMC7204583", "title": "Case Report: Walking Pneumonia in Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Mild Symptoms with Marked Abnormalities on Chest Imaging.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Sivakorn, Chaisith", "Luvira, Viravarn", "Muangnoicharoen, Sant", "Piroonamornpun, Pittaya", "Ouppapong, Tharawit", "Mungaomklang, Anek", "Iamsirithaworn, Sopon"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238223", "countries": ["China", "Thailand"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This case report underlines the appearance of a \"walking pneumonia\" in a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patient, with evidence of progressive lung involvement on chest imaging studies. The patient traveled from Wuhan, Hubei, China, to Thailand in January 2020. One of her family members was diagnosed with COVID-19. She presented to the hospital because of her concern, but she was without fever or any respiratory symptoms. Three days earlier, her nasopharyngeal and throat swabs revealed a negative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Her initial chest radiography was abnormal, and her first sputum SARS-CoV-2 test yielded inconclusive results. A subsequent sputum test was positive for SARS-CoV-2. Diagnosis in this patient was facilitated by chest imaging and repeat viral testing. Thus, chest imaging studies might enhance capabilities for early diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32525394, "title": "What a Difference a Disaster Makes: The Telehealth Revolution in the Age of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Med Qual", "authors": ["Maese, John R", "Seminara, Donna", "Shah, Zeel", "Szerszen, Anita"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525394", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the existence of telemedicine since the late 1950s and early 1960s, it took a pandemic to bring this technology mainstream. The critical urgency of the pandemic drove an auspicious alignment of policy, economics, and technology to facilitate the widespread implementation of telehealth. It is imperative that this synchronicity be maintained in the post-COVID era in order to optimize our health care system to be ready for the next threat to the health of the United States."}, {"pmid": 32347681, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Sci", "authors": ["Bernat, Anne L", "Giammattei, Lorenzo", "Abbritti, Rosaria", "Froelich, Sebastien"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347681", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362394, "pmcid": "PMC7156127", "title": "First cases of COVID-19 in heart transplantation from China.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Li, Fei", "Cai, Jie", "Dong, Nianguo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362394", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425338, "pmcid": "PMC7233216", "title": "Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19: Radiologic and clinical overview.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Behzad, Shima", "Aghaghazvini, Leila", "Radmard, Amir Reza", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425338", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is principally a respiratory illness and pulmonary manifestations constitute main presentations of the disease. According to the reported studies, SARS-CoV-2 infection is not limited to the respiratory system and other organs can be also affected. Renal dysfunction, gastrointestinal complications, liver dysfunction, cardiac manifestations, mediastinal findings, neurological abnormalities, and hematological manifestations are among the reported extrapulmonary features. Considering the broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and the increasing worldwide burden of the disease, there is an urgent need to rapidly scale up the diagnostic capacity to detect COVID-19 and its complications. This paper focuses on the most common extrapulmonary manifestations in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Further studies are needed to elaborate and confirm the causative relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and the reported extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32497248, "title": "Pulmonary Artery Thrombectomy - A Life Saving Treatment in a Patient with Presumed COVID-19 complicated by a massive Pulmonary Embolus.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Carlsson, Tarryn Lee", "Walton, Benjamin", "Collin, Graham"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497248", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To our knowledge, we report the first case of percutaneous pulmonary thrombectomy and catheter directed thrombolysis for massive pulmonary embolism (PE) in a patient with presumed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Standard treatments of anticoagulation and systemic thrombolysis were unsuccessful and the patient continued to deteriorate. Percutaneous pulmonary thrombectomy and locally delivered thrombolysis was a life-saving treatment; the patient continues to improve and is currently being nursed on a standard ward. This report highlights the diagnostic challenge of COVID-19 due to the low sensitivity of the nasopharyngeal swab test and the importance of imaging in managing patients with Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP). Additionally, it emphasises the need for interventional radiologists and haematologists to work alongside our critical care colleagues to deliver life-saving treatment in this fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32468505, "title": "Association between low vitamin D and COVID-19: don't forget the vitamin D binding protein.", "journal": "Aging Clin Exp Res", "authors": ["Speeckaert, Marijn M", "Delanghe, Joris R"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468505", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278367, "pmcid": "PMC7146718", "title": "COVID-19: Respiratory support outside the intensive care unit.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["McEnery, Tom", "Gough, Ciara", "Costello, Richard W"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278367", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364920, "title": "A Case of Postoperative Covid-19 Infection After Cardiac Surgery: Lessons Learned.", "journal": "Heart Surg Forum", "authors": ["Rescigno, Giuseppe", "Firstenberg, Michael", "Rudez, Igor", "Uddin, Mauin", "Nagarajan, Kumar", "Nikolaidis, Nicholas"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364920", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the focus of the medical community is on the management of COVID-19 and its associated complex presentations, it is critical to recognize that patients will continue to present with other medical problems that require urgent therapeutic interventions. There is growing concern that such interventions might have an impact on the natural history of COVID-19. We present a case of a patient who presented with unstable angina and multivessel coronary artery disease for which coronary artery bypass surgery was indicated and performed. Unfortunately, he succumbed to respiratory complications attributed to COVID-19. Our experience suggests concern about adverse outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery who might be infected with COVID-19. Clearly, additional investigations and experience are needed."}, {"pmid": 32220898, "title": "Covid-19: Researchers launch app to track spread of symptoms in the UK.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mayor, Susan"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220898", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292899, "pmcid": "PMC7128617", "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Lei, Shaoqing", "Jiang, Fang", "Su, Wating", "Chen, Chang", "Chen, Jingli", "Mei, Wei", "Zhan, Li-Ying", "Jia, Yifan", "Zhang, Liangqing", "Liu, Danyong", "Xia, Zhong-Yuan", "Xia, Zhengyuan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292899", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly worldwide. In the early stage, we encountered a small but meaningful number of patients who were unintentionally scheduled for elective surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19. We intended to describe their clinical characteristics and outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 34 patients underwent elective surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 at Renmin Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital, Tongji Hospital and Central Hospital in Wuhan, from January 1 to February 5, 2020. Of the 34 operative patients, the median age was 55 years (IQR, 43-63), and 20 (58\u00b78%) patients were women. All patients developed COVID-19 pneumonia shortly after surgery with abnormal findings on chest computed tomographic scans. Common symptoms included fever (31 [91\u00b72%]), fatigue (25 [73\u00b75%]) and dry cough (18 [52\u00b79%]). 15 (44\u00b71%) patients required admission to intensive care unit (ICU) during disease progression, and 7 patients (20\u00b75%) died after admission to ICU. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients were older, were more likely to have underlying comorbidities, underwent more difficult surgeries, as well as more severe laboratory abnormalities (eg, hyperleukocytemia, lymphopenia). The most common complications in non-survivors included ARDS, shock, arrhythmia and acute cardiac injury. In this retrospective cohort study of 34 operative patients with confirmed COVID-19, 15 (44\u00b71%) patients needed ICU care, and the mortality rate was 20\u00b75%. National Natural Science Foundation of China."}, {"pmid": 32275804, "pmcid": "PMC7207161", "title": "Why does Japan have so few cases of COVID-19?", "journal": "EMBO Mol Med", "authors": ["Iwasaki, Akiko", "Grubaugh, Nathan D"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275804", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has spread to many countries around the world, but the infection and death rates vary widely. One country that appeared to have kept the infection under control despite limited societal restrictions is Japan. This commentary explores why Japan may have, up to now, been spared an escalation of the SARS-CoV-2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32391669, "title": "[Clinical observation of 6 severe COVID-19 patients treated with plasma exchange or tocilizumab].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Luo, Song", "Yang, Lijuan", "Wang, Chun", "Liu, Chuanmiao", "Li, Dianming"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391669", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To observe the clinical effect of plasma exchange and tocilizumab in treatment of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Six patients with severe COVID-19 admitted in First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from January 25 to February 25, 2020. Three patients were treated with plasma exchange and three patients were treated with tocilizumab. The effect on excessive inflammatory reaction of plasma exchange and tocilizumab was observed. The C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased and the lymphocyte and prothrombin time were improved in 3 patients after treatment with plasma exchange; while inflammation level was not significantly decreased, and lymphocyte and prothrombin time did not improve in 3 patients treated with tocilizumab. For severe COVID-19 patients with strong inflammatory reaction, plasma exchange may be preferred."}, {"pmid": 32353793, "pmcid": "PMC7180373", "title": "Emergency changes in international guidelines on treatment for head and neck cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Chaves, Aline Lauda Freitas", "Castro, Ana Ferreira", "Marta, Gustavo Nader", "Junior, Gilberto Castro", "Ferris, Robert L", "Giglio, Raul Eduardo", "Golusinski, Wojciech", "Gorphe, Philippe", "Hosal, Sefik", "Leemans, C Rene", "Magne, Nicolas", "Mehanna, Hisham", "Mesia, Ricard", "Netto, Eduardo", "Psyrri, Amanda", "Sacco, Assuntina G", "Shah, Jatin", "Simon, Christian", "Vermorken, Jan B", "Kowalski, Luiz Paulo"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353793", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271605, "title": "Evaluation of the Level of Anxiety among Iranian Multiple Sclerosis Fellowships During the Outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271605", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233057, "pmcid": "PMC7228206", "title": "Novel Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) in the immunocompromised transplant recipient: #Flatteningthecurve.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Fishman, Jay A", "Grossi, Paolo A"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233057", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532739, "title": "Covid-19: People in most deprived areas of England and Wales twice as likely to die.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Dowd, Adrian"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532739", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32204758, "title": "[Emergency plan for inter-hospital transfer of newborns with SARS-CoV-2 infection].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Zheng", "DU, Li-Zhong", "Fu, Jun-Fen", "Shu, Qiang", "Chen, Zhi-Min", "Shi, Li-Ping", "Wang, Wei", "Chen, Shuo-Hui", "Ma, Xiao-Lu", "Ye, Sheng", "Sun, Wei", "Chen, Ming-Yan", "Zhu, Hai-Hong", "Huang, Guo-Lan", "Luo, Fei-Xiang"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204758", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become the most serious public health issue. As the special population with immature immune function, newborns with COVID-19 have been reported. Newborns with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should be transferred to designated hospitals for isolation treatment. An emergency transfer response plan for newborns with COVID-19 has been worked out. This plan puts forward the indications for neonatal COVID-19 transfer, organization management, protection strategies for medical staff, work procedures, and disinfection methods for transfer equipment, in order to provide guidance and suggestions for the inter-hospital transfer of suspected or confirmed neonatal COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32489751, "pmcid": "PMC7255538", "title": "Managing Acute Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy Bleed During the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic: Novelty or Necessity?", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Philips, Cyriac A", "Kumbar, Sandeep", "Ahamed, Rizwan", "Augustine, Philip"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute bleeding from portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is an extremely rare event in the natural history of cirrhosis. The treatment recommendations include portal pressure reduction strategies including pharmacotherapy with vasoactive agents and beta-blockers and interventional strategies such as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement. In this report, we present the case of a patient with cirrhosis in whom acute PHG-related bleed was managed with endoscopic band ligation, a therapeutic modality which has not been described in current literature. Our decision to re-purpose a technique for variceal bleeding stems from the fact that during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the technical assistance, resource availability, and sourcing of materials that were required\u00a0for us to follow recommended management guidelines for acute PHG-related bleed was severely affected due to imposed lockdown between districts and states."}, {"pmid": 32462282, "pmcid": "PMC7251046", "title": "Ivermectin, antiviral properties and COVID-19: a possible new mechanism of action.", "journal": "Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol", "authors": ["Rizzo, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462282", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug that has shown also an effective pharmacological activity towards various infective agents, including viruses. This paper proposes an alternative mechanism of action for this drug that makes it capable of having an antiviral action, also against the novel coronavirus, in addition to the processes already reported in literature."}, {"pmid": 32350426, "title": "Finding motivation while working from home as a PhD student during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou, Melina"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350426", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302370, "pmcid": "PMC7164638", "title": "Perceptions of the adult US population regarding the novel coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["McFadden, SarahAnn M", "Malik, Amyn A", "Aguolu, Obianuju G", "Willebrand, Kathryn S", "Omer, Saad B"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302370", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is spreading globally. Although COVID-19 has now been declared a pandemic and risk for infection in the United States (US) is currently high, at the time of survey administration the risk of infection in the US was low. It is important to understand the public perception of risk and trust in sources of information to better inform public health messaging. In this study, we surveyed the adult US population to understand their risk perceptions about the COVID-19 outbreak. We used an online platform to survey 718 adults in the US in early February 2020 using a questionnaire that we developed. Our sample was fairly similar to the general adult US population in terms of age, gender, race, ethnicity and education. We found that 69% of the respondents wanted the scientific/public health leadership (either the CDC Director or NIH Director) to lead the US response to COVID-19 outbreak as compared to 14% who wanted the political leadership (either the president or Congress) to lead the response. Risk perception was low (median score of 5 out of 10) with the respondents trusting health professionals and health officials for information on COVID-19. The majority of respondents were in favor of strict infection prevention policies to control the outbreak. Given our results, the public health/scientific leadership should be at the forefront of the COVID-19 response to promote trust."}, {"pmid": 32420884, "title": "COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases: viewpoint for older patients.", "journal": "Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil", "authors": ["Boureau, Anne-Sophie", "de Decker, Laure", "Berrut, Gilles", "Hanon, Olivier"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420884", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The link between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 appears to be twofold. First, some reports of data indicate that certain groups of patients are more at risk of COVID-19. This includes patients with cardiovascular risk factors or pre-existing cardiovascular conditions and older patients. In addition, these patients incur disproportionately worse outcome. Second, SARS-CoV2 infection can be complicated by life-threatening cardiovascular acute diseases. Despite the rapid evolution of data on this pandemic, this review aims to highlight the cardiovascular considerations related to COVID-19 whether as comorbidities including concerns and uncertainty regarding the effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors on angiotensin conversion enzyme 2 or related to acute cardiovascular complications."}, {"pmid": 32334369, "pmcid": "PMC7165100", "title": "Serial CT features in discharged COVID-19 patients with positive RT-PCR re-test.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Dou, Peipei", "Zhang, Shuai", "Wang, Chen", "Cai, Lulu", "Liu, Zhongxiao", "Xu, Qinghong", "Li, Xing", "Meng, Yankai", "Rong, Yutao", "Li, Shaodong", "Hu, Chunfeng", "Xu, Kai"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334369", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505244, "title": "Offline: COVID-19 and the ethics of memory.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505244", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319875, "pmcid": "PMC7200840", "title": "Knowledge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by medical personnel in a rural area of Thailand.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Apaijitt, Patthamaporn", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319875", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330531, "pmcid": "PMC7172673", "title": "Managing Urology Consultations During COVID-19 Pandemic: Application of a Structured Care Pathway.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Borchert, Alex", "Baumgarten, Lee", "Dalela, Deepansh", "Jamil, Marcus", "Budzyn, Jeffrey", "Kovacevic, Natalija", "Yaguchi, Grace", "Palma-Zamora, Isaac", "Perkins, Sara", "Bazzi, Mahdi", "Wong, Phil", "Sood, Akshay", "Peabody, James", "Rogers, Craig G", "Dabaja, Ali", "Atiemo, Humphrey"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe and evaluate a risk-stratified triage pathway for inpatient urology consultations during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. This pathway seeks to outline a urology patient care strategy that reduces the transmission risk to both healthcare providers and patients, reduces the healthcare burden, and maintains appropriate patient care. Consultations to the urology service during a 3-week period (March 16 to April 2, 2020) were triaged and managed via one of 3 pathways: Standard, Telemedicine, or High-Risk. Standard consults were in-person consults with non COVID-19 patients, High-Risk consults were in-person consults with COVID-19 positive/suspected patients, and Telemedicine consults were telephonic consults for low-acuity urologic issues in either group of patients. Patient demographics, consultation parameters and consultation outcomes were compared to consultations from the month of March 2019. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square test and continuous variables using Mann-Whitney U test. A P value <.05 was considered significant. Between March 16 and April 2, 2020, 53 inpatient consultations were performed. By following our triage pathway, a total of 19/53 consultations (35.8%) were performed via Telemedicine with no in-person exposure, 10/53 consultations (18.9%) were High-Risk, in which we strictly controlled the urology team member in-person contact, and the remainder, 24/53 consultations (45.2%), were performed as Standard in-person encounters. COVID-19 associated consultations represented 18/53 (34.0%) of all consultations during this period, and of these, 8/18 (44.4%) were managed successfully via Telemedicine alone. No team member developed COVID-19 infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most urology consultations can be managed in a patient and physician safety-conscious manner, by implementing a novel triage pathway."}, {"pmid": 32466995, "pmcid": "PMC7206439", "title": "COVID-19 and fertility: a virtual reality.", "journal": "Reprod Biomed Online", "authors": ["Anifandis, George", "Messini, Christina I", "Daponte, Alexandros", "Messinis, Ioannis E"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466995", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an extraordinary global situation, and all countries have adopted their own strategies to diminish and eliminate the spread of the virus. All measures are in line with the recommendations provided by the World Health Organization. Scientific societies, such as the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology and American Society for Reproductive Medicine, have provided recommendations and guidance to overcome and flatten the growing curve of infection in patients who undergo IVF treatments. Although there is as yet no evidence that the virus causing COVID-19 might have negative effects on IVF outcomes, fertility treatments have been postponed in order to support healthcare systems by avoiding placing them under additional stress. The possibility of the virus affecting sperm function and egg performance cannot be excluded. In addition, an indirect effect of the virus on gametes and embryos during their manipulation cannot be ruled out. This commentary aims to provide some ideas on the possible effect of the virus on gametes and embryos, as well as how it could affect the normal functioning of the embryology laboratory."}, {"pmid": 32533322, "title": "Mixed central and peripheral nervous system disorders in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Chaumont, H", "San-Galli, A", "Martino, F", "Couratier, C", "Joguet, G", "Carles, M", "Roze, E", "Lannuzel, A"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533322", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335336, "pmcid": "PMC7195345", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: Is it the newest spark in the TORCH?", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Muldoon, Kathleen M", "Fowler, Karen B", "Pesch, Megan H", "Schleiss, Mark R"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335336", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amid the rapidly evolving global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has already had profound effects on public health and medical infrastructure globally, many questions remain about its impact on child health. The unique needs of neonates and children, and their role in the spread of the virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) should be included in preparedness and response plans. Fetuses and newborn infants may be uniquely vulnerable to the damaging consequences of congenitally- or perinatally-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection, but data are limited about outcomes of COVID-19 disease during pregnancy. Therefore, information on illnesses associated with other highly pathogenic coronaviruses (i.e., severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS]), as well as comparisons to common congenital infections, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), are warranted. Research regarding the potential routes of acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the prenatal and perinatal setting is of a high public health priority. Vaccines targeting women of reproductive age, and in particular pregnant patients, should be evaluated in clinical trials and should include the endpoints of neonatal infection and disease."}, {"pmid": 32449999, "title": "Impact of coronavirus pandemic in appointments and anxiety/concerns of patients regarding orthodontic treatment.", "journal": "Orthod Craniofac Res", "authors": ["Cotrin, P P", "Peloso, R M", "Oliveira, R C", "Oliveira, R C G", "Pini, N I P", "Valarelli, F P", "Freitas, K M S"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449999", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the impact of the coronavirus pandemic and the quarantine in orthodontic appointments, and patients' anxiety and concerns about their ongoing orthodontic treatment. Settings and sample population Patients from private dental clinics of two orthodontists that were undergoing active orthodontic treatment. An online anonymous questionnaire regarding their anxiety about the coronavirus situation, availability/acceptance to attend an appointment, among others, was answered by orthodontic patients. Descriptive statistics with percentages was performed and responses were compared between sexes, cities, and association of the feelings/level of anxiety of patients and willingness to attend an appointment, were performed with chi-square, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. The questionnaire was answered by 354 patients (231 female; 123 male) with mean age of 35.49 years. Most patients are respecting the quarantine, 44.7% related to be calm and 46.3% afraid or anxious. The level of anxiety was greater for females than males. There was significant association of the level of anxiety and the willingness to attend an appointment. The greatest concern of patients was delay in the end of treatment. The quarantine and coronavirus pandemic showed to have impact on orthodontic appointments and patients' anxiety. Patients willing to attend an orthodontic appointment presented significantly lower level of anxiety than patients that would not go or would go only in urgency/emergency. Females were more anxious than males about coronavirus pandemic, quarantine and impact on their orthodontic treatments. Delay in treatment was the greatest concern of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment."}, {"pmid": 32243334, "pmcid": "PMC7188035", "title": "Images in Clinical ECT: Immediate impact of COVID-19 on ECT Practice.", "journal": "J ECT", "authors": ["Colbert, Sally-Anne", "McCarron, Shane", "Ryan, Geraldine", "McLoughlin, Declan M"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243334", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385891, "pmcid": "PMC7261970", "title": "Systemic Immunobiological, Immunosuppressant and Oncologic Agents for the Treatment of Dermatologic Diseases during the SARS-Cov-2 (COVID19) Pandemic Emergency: a Quick Review for a Quick Consultation.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Paolino, Giovanni", "Mercuri, Santo Raffaele", "Bearzi, Pietro", "Mattozzi, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385891", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Precision Medicine Era has helped to better manage patients with immunological and oncological disease, improving the quality of life of this class of patients. Regarding the management of these patients and positivity to SARS-Cov2, currently, limited data is available and information is evolving. In this quick review we have analyzed the mechanisms of action and related infective risk of drugs used for the treatment of immune-mediated and oncologic skin conditions during the daily clinical practice. In general immunosuppressant and antineoplastic agents for dermatologic treatments do not require suspension and do not require special measures, if not those commonly observed. In the case of a COVID19 patient with complication (such as pneumonia, respiratory failure), treatment suspension should always be considered after taking into account the general condition of the patient, the risk-benefit ratio and the pathophysiology of COVID19 infection. The COVID19 emergency pandemic does not imply an under-treatment of existing skin conditions, which together with the SARS-Cov2 infection may jeopardize the patient's life. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32472140, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call to Action for Health Systems in Latin America to Strengthen Quality of Care.", "journal": "Int J Qual Health Care", "authors": ["Ezequiel, GarciaElorrio", "Jafet, Arrieta", "Hugo, Arce", "Pedro, Delgado", "Maria, Malik Ana", "Carola, Orrego Villagran", "Sofia, Rincon", "Odet, Sarabia", "Teresa, Tono", "Jorge, Hermida", "Enrique, Ruelas Barajas"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425430, "pmcid": "PMC7233223", "title": "Out Patient Department practices in orthopaedics amidst COVID-19: The evolving model.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Lal, Hitesh", "Sharma, Deepak Kumar", "Patralekh, Mohit Kumar", "Jain, Vijay Kumar", "Maini, Lalit"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425430", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic on 11th March 2020 by the World Health Organization and consequent lockdown imposed in several areas resulted in a marked reduction in orthopaedic practice. Although some guidelines for patient care in orthopaedic practice have been published, overall, publications focusing exclusively on guidelines on starting orthopaedic outpatient departments (OPD) after the COVID-19 lockdown amidst the on-going pandemic are lacking. We hereby propose the evolving knowledge in changes in OPD management practices for orthopaedic surgeons in the COVID- 19 era. The emphasis on online registration (e-registration) should be given impetus and become the new norm supplemented by telephonic and spot registration for the uneducated patients. The review highlights the safety of patient and orthopaedic surgeons in OPD by screening and maintaining hygiene at various levels. The article also mentions the duties of the help desk, OPD hall supervisor and the new norms of Air Conditioning, ventilation, safe use of elevators, sanitization of OPD premises and biomedical waste disposal. The optimum and safe utilization of human & material resources, DO's and DON'Ts for patients & health staff have also been proposed. The reorganization of plaster room, the precaution during plastering, fracture clinic, dressing and injection room services are discussed as per evolving guidelines. This article will give deep insight into the OPD plan &telemedicine graphically also. The authors suggest updating and downward permeation of existing e-infrastructure of government health services that is up-gradation of existing tertiary level online registration services, a paperless model of OPD Consultation & dispensation. The future updating of Aarogya Setu App (https://mygov.in/aarogya-setu-app/). for convenient online OPD registration and dispensation has been discussed and proposed. This review will help in containing the spread of COVID 19 and build upon the health gains achieved after lockdown. The easy concept of CCCATTT has been introduced, and the OPD Plan has also been suggested. We have endeavoured to holistically detail an orthopaedic OPD setup and its upkeep in COVID-19 pandemic, but since the knowledge of COVID 19 is ever-evolving it needs replenishment by regular education for health staff."}, {"pmid": 32308940, "pmcid": "PMC7149809", "title": "Predicting the mortality due to Covid-19 by the next month for Italy, Iran and South Korea; a simulation study.", "journal": "Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench", "authors": ["Shojaee, Sajad", "Pourhoseingholi, Mohamad Amin", "Ashtari, Sara", "Vahedian-Azimi, Amir", "Asadzadeh-Aghdaei, Hamid", "Zali, Mohammad Reza"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308940", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To estimate the number of confirmed cases and the rate of death and also to investigate the cause of death in Italy, Iran and South Korea in the next month. Growing number of confirmed and deaths cases from the coronavirus worldwide, particularly in Italy, Iran and South Korea, has resulted concerns about the future of these countries and their deterioration. Also the European region is likely to face more casualties due to the delay in the virus reaching most of its regions and, of course, as the trend continues. We conducted a simulation in both current and ideal situation for the next month to predict the death rate and examine the reason for the difference in Italy, Iran and South Korea individually. If we assume the cultural and political factors and age pyramids distribution are similar across regions, the differences are mainly due either to the heavier health-care burden owing to the larger population or to the medical facilities diversities. Our results for Italy showed higher death number, but the rate would be more for Iran. South Korea is also expected to have a smaller increase in the number of confirmed cases and deaths compared to Iran and Italy by the next month. Given the prevailing conditions around the world and the increasing number of casualties, it is essential that all countries, especially those with fewer days of involvement, shall do their best to avoid major losses and damages."}, {"pmid": 32307131, "pmcid": "PMC7152878", "title": "Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery - continuing the service and 'suppressing' the pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Al-Muharraqi, M A"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307131", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430215, "pmcid": "PMC7205694", "title": "Reply to Guglielmo Mantica, Nazareno Suardi, and Carlo Terrone's Letter to the Editor re: Ming-Chun Chan, Sharon E.K. Yeo, Yew-Lam Chong, Yee-Mun Lee. Stepping Forward: Urologists' Efforts During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Singapore. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.004.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Chan, Ming-Chun", "Yeo, Sharon E K", "Chong, Yew-Lam", "Lee, Yee-Mun"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430215", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423251, "title": "Comparison of cardiovascular metabolic characteristics and impact on COVID-19 and MERS.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Li, Bo", "Jin, Xiaodong", "Zhang, Tongtong", "Zhao, Yan", "Tian, Feng", "Li, Yuhua", "Yang, Jing", "Zhao, Faming", "Li, Bin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423251", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362642, "title": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: A review of the current evidence.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Pranab", "Nagi, Nazia", "Agarwal, Anup", "Das, Bhabatosh", "Banerjee, Sayantan", "Sarkar, Swarup", "Gupta, Nivedita", "Gangakhedkar, Raman R"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362642", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (nCoV) spillover event, with its epicenter in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, has emerged as a public health emergency of international concern. This began as an outbreak in December 2019, and till February 28, 2020, there have been 83,704 confirmed cases of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally, with 2,859 deaths, resulting in an overall case fatality rate of 3.41 per cent (95% confidence interval 3.29-3.54%). By this time (February 28, 2020) 58 countries or territories and one international conveyance (Diamond Princess Cruise Ship) were affected. As a part of the global response to manage and contain the pandemic, major emphasis was placed on generating research intelligence to guide evidence-based responses to contain the virus, which was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), owing to its genetic similarities with the SARS virus. This review summarizes the emerging evidence which can help guide the public health response, particularly in India. Key areas have been identified in which research needs to be conducted to generate critical intelligence for advising prevention and control efforts. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has once again exposed the weaknesses of global health systems preparedness, ability to respond to an infectious threat, the rapidity of transmission of infections across international borders and the ineffectiveness of knee-jerk policy responses to emerging/re-emerging infectious disease threats. The review concludes with the key learning points from the ongoing efforts to prevent and contain COVID-19 and identifies the need to invest in health systems, community-led response mechanisms and the need for preparedness and global health security."}, {"pmid": 32301807, "pmcid": "PMC7188052", "title": "Emergency Surgery in Suspected COVID-19 Patients with Acute Abdomen: Case Series and Perspectives.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Gao, Yunhe", "Xi, Hongqing", "Chen, Lin"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301807", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345443, "pmcid": "PMC7151448", "title": "COVID-19: Key Concepts for the Surgeon.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Rubio-Perez, Ines", "Badia, Josep M", "Mora-Rillo, Marta", "Martin Quiros, Alejandro", "Garcia Rodriguez, Julio", "Balibrea, Jose M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345443", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In view of the current pandemic by SARS-CoV-2 it deems essential to understand the key concepts about the infection: its epidemiological origin, presentation, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment (still experimental in many cases). The knowledge about the virus is still limited, but as the pandemic progresses and the physiopathology of the disease is understood, new evidence is being massively published. Surgical specialists are facing an unprecedented situation: they must collaborate in the ER or medical wards attending these patients, while still needing to make decisions about surgical patients with probable COVID-19. The present narrative review aims to summarize the most relevant aspects and synthetize concepts on COVID-19 for surgeons."}, {"pmid": 32481256, "title": "The computation of case fatality rate for novel coronavirus (COVID-19) based on Bayes theorem: An observational study.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Chang, Chi-Sheng", "Yeh, Yu-Tsen", "Chien, Tsair-Wei", "Lin, Jui-Chung John", "Cheng, Bor-Wen", "Kuo, Shu-Chun"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481256", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When a new disease such starts to spread, the commonly asked questions are how deadly is it? and how many people are likely to die of this outbreak? The World Health Organization (WHO) announced in a press conference on January 29, 2020 that the death rate of COVID-19 was 2% on the case fatality rate (CFR). It was underestimated assuming no lag days from symptom onset to deaths while many CFR formulas have been proposed, the estimation on Bays theorem is worthy of interpretation. Hence, it is hypothesized that the over-loaded burdens of treating patients and capacities to contain the outbreak (LSBHRS) may increase the CFR. We downloaded COVID-19 outbreak numbers from January 21 to February 14, 2020, in countries/regions on a daily basis from Github that contains information on confirmed cases in >30 Chinese locations and other countries/regions. The pros and cons were compared among the 5 formula of CFR, including [A] deaths/confirmed; [B] deaths/(deaths\u200a+\u200arecovered); [C] deaths/(cases x days ago); [D] Bayes estimation based on [A] and the outbreak (LSBHRS) in each country/region; and [E] Bayes estimation based on [C] deaths/(cases x days ago). The coefficients of variance (CV\u200a=\u200athe ratio of the standard deviation to the mean) were applied to measure the relative variability for each CFR. A dashboard was developed for daily display of the CFR across each region. The Bayes based on (A)[D] has the lowest CV (=0.10) followed by the deaths/confirmed (=0.11) [A], deaths/(deaths\u200a+\u200arecoveries) (=0.42) [B], Bayes based on (C) (=0.49) [E], and deaths/(cases x days ago) (=0.59) [C]. All final CFRs will be equal using the formula (from, A to E). A dashboard was developed for the daily reporting of the CFR. The CFR (3.7%) greater than the prior CFR of 2.2% was evident in LSBHRS, increasing the CFR. A dashboard was created to present the CFRs on COVID-19. We suggest examining both trends of the Bayes based on both deaths/(cases 7 days ago) and deaths/confirmed cases as a reference to the final CFR. An app developed for displaying the provisional CFR with the 2 CFR trends can improve the underestimated CFR reported by WHO and media."}, {"pmid": 32469437, "title": "A Comprehensive Updated Review on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Ren, Yunzhao R", "Golding, Amit", "Sorbello, Alfred", "Ji, Ping", "Chen, Jianmeng", "Bhawana, Saluja", "Witzmann, Kimberly", "Arya, Vikram", "Reynolds, Kellie S", "Choi, Su-Young", "Nikolov, Nikolay", "Sahajwalla, Chandrahas"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469437", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive current summary of the pathogenesis, clinical features, disease course, host immune responses, and current investigational antiviral and immunomodulatory pharmacotherapies, in order to facilitate the development of future therapies and measures for prevention and control. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32198986, "title": "Review and Prospect of Pathological Features of Corona Virus Disease.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, H J", "Du, S H", "Yue, X", "Chen, C X"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198986", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since 2003, coronavirus has caused multiple major public health events that resulted in global epidemics, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome \uff08SARS\uff09, Middle East respiratory syndrome \uff08MERS\uff09 and corona virus disease 2019 \uff08COVID-19\uff09. Especially since COVID-19 outbroke in Wuhan, Hubei, in December 2019, coronavirus has had a significant impact on people's health and lives. But so far, the pathological diagnosis of COVID-19 has been relatively deficient\uff1a it is still confined to the pathological findings of punctured organs, and the majority of medical workers have poor awareness of its pathological characteristics. The COVID-19, as same as SARS and MERS, is caused by coronaviruses and can cause viral pneumonia. They have certain similarities. This article comprehensively reviews the pathological features observed in the autopsies of the aforementioned three diseases, in order to provide reference to the analysis of pathological changes of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32344688, "pmcid": "PMC7215430", "title": "3-D Printed Protective Equipment during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Materials (Basel)", "authors": ["Wesemann, Christian", "Pieralli, Stefano", "Fretwurst, Tobias", "Nold, Julian", "Nelson, Katja", "Schmelzeisen, Rainer", "Hellwig, Elmar", "Spies, Benedikt Christopher"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344688", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the number of coronavirus cases from 2019 continues to grow, hospitals are reporting shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) for frontline healthcare workers. Furthermore, PPE for the eyes and mouth, such as face shields, allow for additional protection when working with aerosols. 3-D printing enables the easy and rapid production of lightweight plastic frameworks based on open-source data. The practicality and clinical suitability of four face shields printed using a fused deposition modeling printer were examined. The weight, printing time, and required tools for assembly were evaluated. To assess the clinical suitability, each face shield was worn for one hour by 10 clinicians and rated using a visual analogue scale. The filament weight (21-42 g) and printing time (1:40-3:17 h) differed significantly between the four frames. Likewise, the fit, wearing comfort, space for additional PPE, and protection varied between the designs. For clinical suitability, a chosen design should allow sufficient space for goggles and N95 respirators as well as maximum coverage of the facial area. Consequently, two datasets are recommended. For the final selection of the ideal dataset to be used for printing, scalability and economic efficiency need to be carefully balanced with an acceptable degree of protection."}, {"pmid": 32297520, "pmcid": "PMC7191632", "title": "Can spironolactone be used to prevent COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with hypertension?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Cadegiani, Flavio A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297520", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32087777, "pmcid": "PMC7138040", "title": "COVID-19: fighting panic with information.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333601, "pmcid": "PMC7188157", "title": "Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the Gut of Patients With IBD.", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Burgueno, Juan F", "Reich, Adrian", "Hazime, Hajar", "Quintero, Maria A", "Fernandez, Irina", "Fritsch, Julia", "Santander, Ana M", "Brito, Nivis", "Damas, Oriana M", "Deshpande, Amar", "Kerman, David H", "Zhang, Lanyu", "Gao, Zhen", "Ban, Yuguang", "Wang, Lily", "Pignac-Kobinger, Judith", "Abreu, Maria T"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333601", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have intestinal inflammation and are treated with immune-modulating medications. In the face of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic, we do not know whether patients with IBD will be more susceptible to infection or disease. We hypothesized that the viral entry molecules angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) are expressed in the intestine. We further hypothesized that their expression could be affected by inflammation or medication usage. We examined the expression of Ace2 and Tmprss2 by quantitative polymerase chain reacion in animal models of IBD. Publicly available data from organoids and mucosal biopsies from patients with IBD were examined for expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. We conducted RNA sequencing for CD11b-enriched cells and peripheral and lamina propria T-cells from well-annotated patient samples. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were abundantly expressed in the ileum and colon and had high expression in intestinal epithelial cells. In animal models, inflammation led to downregulation of epithelial Ace2. Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 was not increased in samples from patients with compared with those of control patients. In CD11b-enriched cells but not T-cells, the level of expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the mucosa was comparable to other functional mucosal genes and was not affected by inflammation. Anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, and steroids were linked to significantly lower expression of ACE2 in CD11b-enriched cells. The viral entry molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed in the ileum and colon. Patients with IBD do not have higher expression during inflammation; medical therapy is associated with lower levels of ACE2. These data provide reassurance for patients with IBD."}, {"pmid": 32404480, "title": "Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic assay for detection of SARS CoV-2 antigen in nasopharyngeal swab.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Lambert-Niclot, Sidonie", "Cuffel, Alexis", "Le Pape, Samuel", "Vauloup-Fellous, Christelle", "Morand-Joubert, Laurence", "Roque-Afonso, Anne-Marie", "Le Goff, Jerome", "Delaugerre, Constance"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404480", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing causing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported for the first time in Wuhan (Hubei, China) in December 2019 (1, 2) and has become a major public health concern all over the world.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32344058, "pmcid": "PMC7195012", "title": "COVID-19 diagnostic process in mainland China: The math beyond pneumonia.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Wu, Feng", "Huang, Weishan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344058", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521358, "title": "Protocol for a partially nested randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the scleroderma patient-centered intervention network COVID-19 home-isolation activities together (SPIN-CHAT) program to reduce anxiety among at-risk scleroderma patients.", "journal": "J Psychosom Res", "authors": ["Thombs, Brett D", "Kwakkenbos, Linda", "Carrier, Marie-Eve", "Bourgeault, Angelica", "Tao, Lydia", "Harb, Sami", "Gagarine, Maria", "Rice, Danielle", "Bustamante, Laura", "Ellis, Kelsey", "Duchek, Delaney", "Wu, Yin", "Bhandari, Parash Mani", "Neupane, Dipika", "Carboni-Jimenez, Andrea", "Henry, Richard S", "Krishnan, Ankur", "Sun, Ying", "Levis, Brooke", "He, Chen", "Turner, Kimberly A", "Benedetti, Andrea", "Culos-Reed, Nicole", "El-Baalbaki, Ghassan", "Hebblethwaite, Shannon", "Bartlett, Susan J", "Dyas, Laura", "Patten, Scott", "Varga, John"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521358", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Contagious disease outbreaks and related restrictions can lead to negative psychological outcomes, particularly in vulnerable populations at risk due to pre-existing medical conditions. No randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have tested interventions to reduce mental health consequences of contagious disease outbreaks. The primary objective of the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network COVID-19 Home-isolation Activities Together (SPIN-CHAT) Trial is to evaluate the effect of a videoconference-based program on symptoms of anxiety. Secondary objectives include evaluating effects on symptoms of depression, stress, loneliness, boredom, physical activity, and social interaction. The SPIN-CHAT Trial is a pragmatic RCT that will be conducted using the SPIN-COVID-19 Cohort, a sub-cohort of the SPIN Cohort. Eligible participants will be SPIN-COVID-19 Cohort participants without a positive COVID-19 test, with at least mild anxiety (PROMIS Anxiety 4a v1.0 T-score\u202f\u2265\u202f55), not working from home, and not receiving current counselling or psychotherapy. We will randomly assign 162 participants to intervention groups of 7 to 10 participants each or waitlist control. We will use a partially nested RCT design to reflect dependence between individuals in training groups but not in the waitlist control. The SPIN-CHAT Program includes activity engagement, education on strategies to support mental health, and mutual participant support. Intervention participants will receive the 4-week (3 sessions per week) SPIN-CHAT Program via videoconference. The primary outcome is PROMIS Anxiety 4a score immediately post-intervention. The SPIN-CHAT Trial will test whether a brief videoconference-based intervention will improve mental health outcomes among at-risk individuals during contagious disease outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32527675, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases in northeast Italy: A cross-sectional study on 916 patients.", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Zen, M", "Fuzzi, E", "Astorri, D", "Saccon, F", "Padoan, R", "Ienna, L", "Cozzi, G", "Depascale, R", "Zanatta, E", "Gasparotto, M", "Benvenuti, F", "Bindoli, S", "Gatto, M", "Felicetti, M", "Ortolan, A", "Campaniello, D", "Larosa, M", "Lorenzin, M", "Ramonda, R", "Sfriso, P", "Schiavon, F", "Iaccarino, L", "Doria, A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527675", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Whether patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) have a higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) and how SARS-CoV-2 pandemic impacts on adherence to therapy has not been fully elucidated. We assessed the rate and clinical presentation of COVID-19, and adherence to therapy in a large cohort of patients with ARD followed-up in a tertiary University-Hospital in Northeast Italy. Between April 9th and April 25th, 2020, after SARS-CoV-2 infection peak, a telephone survey investigating the impact of COVID-19 on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) was administered. Demographics, disease activity status, therapy, occupational exposure, and adherence to social distancing advise were also collected. 916 patients (397 SLE, 182 AAV, 176 SSc, 111 RA, 50 IIM) completed the survey. 148 patients developed at least one symptom compatible with COVID-19 (cough 96, sore throat 64, fever 64, arthromyalgias 59, diarrhea 26, conjunctivitis 18, ageusia/hyposmia, 18). Among the 916 patients, 65 (7.1%) underwent SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab (18 symptomatic and 47 asymptomatic), 2 (0.21%) tested positive, a proportion similar to that observed in the general population of the Veneto region. No deaths occurred. 31 patients (3.4%) withdrew \u22651 medication, mainly immunosuppressants or biologics. Adoption of social distancing was observed by 860 patients (93.9%), including 335 (36.6%) who adopted it before official lockdown. COVID-19 incidence seems to be similar in our cohort compared to the general population. Adherence to therapy and to social distancing advise was high."}, {"pmid": 32505779, "title": "Could antiphospholipid antibodies contribute to coagulopathy in COVID-19?", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Parodi, Aurora", "Gasparini, Giulia", "Cozzani, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505779", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512357, "title": "Factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical implications for U.S. young adult mental health.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Liu, Cindy H", "Zhang, Emily", "Wong, Ga Tin Fifi", "Hyun, Sunah", "Hahm, Hyeouk Chris"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512357", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study sought to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology in U.S. young adults (18-30 years) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional online study assessed 898 participants from April 13, 2020 to May 19, 2020, approximately one month after the U.S. declared a state of emergency due to COVID-19 and prior to the initial lifting of restrictions across 50 U.S. states. Respondents reported high levels of depression (43.3%, PHQ-8 scores \u2265 10), high anxiety scores (45.4%, GAD-7 scores \u2265 10), and high levels of PTSD symptoms (31.8%, PCL-C scores \u2265 45). High levels of loneliness, high levels of COVID-19-specific worry, and low distress tolerance were significantly associated with clinical levels of depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Resilience was associated with low levels of depression and anxiety symptoms but not PTSD. Most respondents had high levels of social support; social support from family, but not from partner or peers, was associated with low levels of depression and PTSD. Compared to Whites, Asian Americans were less likely to report high levels across mental health symptoms, and Hispanic/Latinos were less likely to report high levels of anxiety. These factors provide initial guidance regarding the clinical management for COVID-19-related mental health problems."}, {"pmid": 32433217, "title": "SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Evolving Reality, Global Response, Knowledge Gaps and Opportunities.", "journal": "Shock", "authors": ["Osuchowski, Marcin F", "Aletti, Federico", "Cavaillon, Jean-Marc", "Flohe, Stefanie B", "Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J", "Huber-Lang, Markus", "Relja, Borna", "Skirecki, Tomasz", "Szabo, Andrea", "Maegele, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433217", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Approximately 3 billion people around the world have gone into some form of social separation to mitigate the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The uncontrolled influx of patients in need of emergency care has rapidly brought several national health systems to near-collapse with deadly consequences to those afflicted by COVID-19 and other critical diseases associated with COVID-19. Solid scientific evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 remains scarce; there is an urgent need to expand our understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology to facilitate precise and targeted treatments. The capacity for rapid information dissemination has emerged as a double-edged sword; the existing gap of high-quality data is frequently filled by anecdotal reports, contradictory statements and misinformation. This review addresses several important aspects unique to the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic highlighting the most relevant knowledge gaps and existing windows-of-opportunity. Specifically, focus is given to SARS-CoV-2 immunopathogenesis in the context of experimental therapies and pre-clinical evidence and their applicability in supporting efficacious clinical trial planning. The review discusses the existing challenges of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics and the potential application of translational technology for epidemiological predictions, patient monitoring and treatment decision-making in COVID-19. Furthermore, solutions for enhancing international strategies in translational research, cooperative networks and regulatory partnerships are contemplated."}, {"pmid": 32374815, "pmcid": "PMC7240772", "title": "Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Wichmann, Dominic", "Sperhake, Jan-Peter", "Lutgehetmann, Marc", "Steurer, Stefan", "Edler, Carolin", "Heinemann, Axel", "Heinrich, Fabian", "Mushumba, Herbert", "Kniep, Inga", "Schroder, Ann Sophie", "Burdelski, Christoph", "de Heer, Geraldine", "Nierhaus, Axel", "Frings, Daniel", "Pfefferle, Susanne", "Becker, Heinrich", "Bredereke-Wiedling, Hanns", "de Weerth, Andreas", "Paschen, Hans-Richard", "Sheikhzadeh-Eggers, Sara", "Stang, Axel", "Schmiedel, Stefan", "Bokemeyer, Carsten", "Addo, Marylyn M", "Aepfelbacher, Martin", "Puschel, Klaus", "Kluge, Stefan"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374815", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused more than 210\u00a0000 deaths worldwide. However, little is known about the causes of death and the virus's pathologic features. To validate and compare clinical findings with data from medical autopsy, virtual autopsy, and virologic tests. Prospective cohort study. Autopsies performed at a single academic medical center, as mandated by the German federal state of Hamburg for patients dying with a polymerase chain reaction-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The first 12 consecutive COVID-19-positive deaths. Complete autopsy, including postmortem computed tomography and histopathologic and virologic analysis, was performed. Clinical data and medical course were evaluated. Results: Median patient age was 73 years (range, 52 to 87 years), 75% of patients were male, and death occurred in the hospital (n\u00a0= 10) or outpatient sector (n\u00a0= 2). Coronary heart disease and asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the most common comorbid conditions (50% and 25%, respectively). Autopsy revealed deep venous thrombosis in 7 of 12 patients (58%) in whom venous thromboembolism was not suspected before death; pulmonary embolism was the direct cause of death in 4 patients. Postmortem computed tomography revealed reticular infiltration of the lungs with severe bilateral, dense consolidation, whereas histomorphologically diffuse alveolar damage was seen in 8 patients. In all patients, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the lung at high concentrations; viremia in 6 of 10 and 5 of 12 patients demonstrated high viral RNA titers in the liver, kidney, or heart. Limited sample size. The high incidence of thromboembolic events suggests an important role of COVID-19-induced coagulopathy. Further studies are needed to investigate the molecular mechanism and overall clinical incidence of COVID-19-related death, as well as possible therapeutic interventions to reduce it. University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf."}, {"pmid": 32488837, "pmcid": "PMC7266418", "title": "Possible long-term endocrine-metabolic complications in COVID-19: lesson from the SARS model.", "journal": "Endocrine", "authors": ["Mongioi, Laura M", "Barbagallo, Federica", "Condorelli, Rosita A", "Cannarella, Rossella", "Aversa, Antonio", "La Vignera, Sandro", "Calogero, Aldo E"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488837", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is centralizing the interest of the scientific world. In the next months, long-term consequences on the endocrine system may arise following COVID-19. In this article, we hypothesized the effects of SARS-CoV-2 taking into account what learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that caused SARS in 2003."}, {"pmid": 32436743, "title": "Family planning: an essential health activity in the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care", "authors": ["Bahamondes, Luis", "Makuch, Maria Y"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436743", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399260, "pmcid": "PMC7204931", "title": "Covid-19 and mobile phone hygiene in healthcare settings.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Panigrahi, Sunil Kumar", "Pathak, Vineet Kumar", "Kumar, M Mohan", "Raj, Utsav", "Priya P, Karpaga"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399260", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335611, "title": "Hospital Preparedness for Outbreak at Patan Hospital: Lesson Learnt from COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nepal Health Res Counc", "authors": ["Shrestha, Ashis", "Rajbhandari, Piyush", "Bajracharya, Sumana"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335611", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patan Academy of Health Sciences started preparedness for COVID-19 in response to increasing number of patient in neighboring country. Outbreak preparedness in resource limited setup is challenging. Despite this, preparedness was done in reference to WHO interim guidance utilizing best available resources. During this preparedness, one patient was isolated as suspected COVID-19. This paper presents level of preparedness achieved with the limited resources and the lesson learned while isolating the patient. Keywords: COVID-19; Disaster; hospital preparedness."}, {"pmid": 32432330, "title": "Research Goals During and Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic: Reframing Older Adults as Essential and Priceless.", "journal": "Res Gerontol Nurs", "authors": ["Schutte, Debra L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432330", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501114, "title": "Air Hunger and Psychological Trauma in Ventilated COVID-19 Patients: An Urgent Problem.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Worsham, Christopher M", "Banzett, Robert B", "Schwartzstein, Richard M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501114", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478951, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on heart failure hospitalization and management: report from a Heart Failure Unit in London during the peak of the pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Bromage, Daniel I", "Cannata, Antonio", "Rind, Irfan A", "Gregorio, Caterina", "Piper, Susan", "Shah, Ajay M", "McDonagh, Theresa A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478951", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine the impact of COVID-19 on acute heart failure (AHF) hospitalization rates, clinical characteristics and management of patients admitted to a tertiary Heart Failure Unit in London during the peak of the pandemic. Data from King's College Hospital, London, reported to the National Heart Failure Audit for England and Wales, between 2nd March - 19th April 2020 were compared both to a pre-COVID cohort and the corresponding time periods in 2017-2019 with respect to absolute hospitalization rates. Furthermore, we performed detailed comparison of patients hospitalized during the COVID-19 pandemic and patients presenting in the same period in 2019 with respect to clinical characteristics and management during the index admission. A significantly lower admission rate for AHF was observed during the study period compared to all other included time periods. Patients admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic had higher rates of NYHA III or IV symptoms (96% vs. 77%, p=0.03) and severe peripheral oedema (39% vs. 14%, p=0.01). We did not observe any differences in inpatient management, including place of care and pharmacological management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) CONCLUSION: Incident AHF hospitalization significantly declined in our centre during the COVID-19 pandemic, but hospitalized patients had more severe symptoms at admission. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the incidence of AHF declined or patients did not present to hospital while the national lockdown and social distancing restrictions were in place. From a public health perspective, it is imperative to ascertain whether this will be associated with worse long-term outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32522740, "title": "Obesity and covid-19: the role of the food industry.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tan, Monique", "He, Feng J", "MacGregor, Graham A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522740", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299795, "title": "Management of rheumatic diseases in the time of covid-19 pandemic: perspectives of rheumatology practitioners from India.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Gupta, Latika", "Misra, Durga Prasanna", "Agarwal, Vishwesh", "Balan, Suma", "Agarwal, Vikas"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299795", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467454, "title": "Covid-19 and Kawasaki Disease: An Etiology or Coincidental Infection?", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Raba, Ali Ahmed", "Abobaker, Anis"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467454", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456527, "pmcid": "PMC7256486", "title": "Some Lessons Learned About Diabetes and COVID-19 During the Early Stage of the Epidemic in Norway.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Birkeland, Kare I"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456527", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439306, "pmcid": "PMC7162773", "title": "Management and Treatment of COVID-19: The Chinese Experience.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Peng, Fujun", "Tu, Lei", "Yan, Yongshi", "Hu, Peng", "Wang, Runsheng", "Hu, Qinyong", "Cao, Feng", "Jiang, Taijiao", "Sun, Jinlyu", "Xu, Guogang", "Chang, Christopher"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439306", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With more than 1,800,000 cases and 110,000 deaths globally, COVID-19 is one of worst infectious disease outbreaks in history. This paper provides a critical review of the available evidence regarding the lessons learned from the Chinese experience with COVID-19 prevention and management. The steps that have led to a near disappearance of new cases in China included rapid sequencing of the virus to establish testing kits, which allowed tracking of infected persons in and out of Wuhan. In addition, aggressive quarantine measures included the complete isolation of Wuhan and then later Hubei Province and the rest of the country, as well as closure of all schools and nonessential businesses. Other measures included the rapid construction of two new hospitals and the establishment of \"Fangcang\" shelter hospitals. In the absence of a vaccine, the management of COVID-19 included antivirals, high-flow oxygen, mechanical ventilation, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, interferons, intravenous immunoglobulin, and convalescent plasma infusions. These measures appeared to provide only moderate success. Although some measures have been supported by weak descriptive data, their effectiveness is still unclear pending well controlled clinical trials. In the end, it was the enforcement of drastic quarantine measures that stopped SARS-CoV-2 from spreading. The earlier the implementation, the less likely resources will be depleted. The most critical factors in stopping a pandemic are early recognition of infected individuals, carriers, and contacts and early implementation of quarantine measures with an organised, proactive, and unified strategy at a national level. Delays result in significantly higher death tolls."}, {"pmid": 32334048, "pmcid": "PMC7175885", "title": "Strategies and recommendations for the safe implementation of vascular surgery during the pandemic period of novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Li, Wenrui", "Chen, Xueming", "Feng, Hai"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334048", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339304, "pmcid": "PMC7267490", "title": "Managing COVID-19 in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Review of Recent Literature and Case Supporting Corticosteroid-sparing Immunosuppression.", "journal": "Pharmacotherapy", "authors": ["Johnson, Kristen M", "Belfer, Julie J", "Peterson, Gina R", "Boelkins, Mark R", "Dumkow, Lisa E"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339304", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global health care crisis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lists immunocompromised patients, including those requiring immunosuppression following renal transplantation, as high risk for severe disease from SARS-CoV-2. Treatment for other viral infections in renal transplant recipients often includes a reduction in immunosuppression; however, no current guidelines are available recommending the optimal approach to managing immunosuppression in the patients who are infected with SARS-CoV-2. It is currently advised to avoid corticosteroids in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 outside of critically ill patients. Recently published cases describing inpatient care of COVID-19 in renal transplant recipients differ widely in disease severity, time from transplantation, baseline immunosuppressive therapy, and the modifications made to immunosuppression during COVID-19 treatment. This review summarizes and compares inpatient immunosuppressant management strategies of recently published reports in the renal transplant population infected with SARS-CoV-2 and discusses the limitations of corticosteroids in managing immunosuppression in this patient population."}, {"pmid": 32321617, "title": "Away-from-home food during coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Public Health Nutr", "authors": ["Bezerra, Ilana N"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321617", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473229, "pmcid": "PMC7251349", "title": "Follow-up study on pulmonary function and radiological changes in critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zha, Lei", "Shen, Ya", "Pan, Lingling", "Han, Mingfeng", "Yang, Gang", "Teng, Xiaobao", "Tefsen, Boris"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473229", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473390, "pmcid": "PMC7253980", "title": "A review of South Indian medicinal plant has the ability to combat against deadly viruses along with COVID-19?", "journal": "Microb Pathog", "authors": ["Divya, Mani", "Vijayakumar, Sekar", "Chen, Jingdi", "Vaseeharan, Baskaralingam", "Duran-Lara, Esteban F"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473390", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV2 is a source of coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), this is considered as a fatal disease to universal communal health apprehension. This rapid pathogenic virus plays an important role in finding the pathogenic virus, treatment and prevention of pandemics. Virus can present everywhere in Global village. As it is virus it can extend easily and cause severe illness to the society. Hence, an efficient international attentiveness of plan is necessary to the prediction and prevention. In this review, epidemic outbreak, clinical findings, prevention recommendations of COVID-19 and suggestive medicinal value of south Indian plant sources has been discussed. Though the varieties of improved approaches have been taken in scientific and medicinal concern, we have to pay attention on medicinal value of the plant based sources to prevent these types of endemic diseases. This is one of the suggestive and effective ways to control the spreading of viruses. In future its required to provide medicinal plant based clinical products (Masks, sanitizers, soap etc.) with better techniques by clinicians to contend the scarcity and expose towards the nature based medicine rather than chemical drugs. This could be a benchmark for the economical clinical trials of specific plant material to treat the viral diseases."}, {"pmid": 32409441, "title": "COVID-19 and your rheumatology patients.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Calabrese, Cassandra"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409441", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a sense of unease in the rheumatology community about the risk to patients with immune-mediated diseases, given their predisposition to infection due to underlying disease states and immunosuppressive therapies. Thus far, there have been few cases of COVID-19 reported in patients with immune-mediated diseases and there have been no formal guidelines released on the management of patients with immune-mediated diseases in the setting of COVID-19. Results of clinical trials and data from the Global Rheumatology Alliance registry are eagerly awaited to gain further insight into the impact of this novel infection on our vulnerable patient population."}, {"pmid": 32512358, "title": "COVID-19 online surveys need to follow standards and guidelines: Comment on \"Does COVID-19 pandemic affect sexual behaviour? A cross-sectional, cross-national online survey\" and \"Binge watching behavior during COVID 19 pandemic: A cross-sectional, cross-national online survey\".", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Sharma, Rishi", "Tikka, Sai Krishna"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512358", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311756, "pmcid": "PMC7264552", "title": "Personal protective equipment and possible routes of airborne spread during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Brown, J", "Pope, C"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311756", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319878, "pmcid": "PMC7231663", "title": "Borderless collaboration is needed for COVID-19-A disease that knows no borders.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mohamed, Kawthar", "Rodriguez-Roman, Eduardo", "Rahmani, Farzaneh", "Zhang, Hongbo", "Ivanovska, Mariya", "Makka, Sara A", "Joya, Musa", "Makuku, Rangarirai", "Islam, Md Shahidul", "Radwan, Nesrine", "Rahmah, Laila", "Goda, Rayan", "Abarikwu, Sunny O", "Shaw, Mujtaba", "Zoghi, Samaneh", "Irtsyan, Sevan", "Ling, Irene", "Cseprekal, Orsolya", "Faten, Attig-Bahar", "Hazar Sayar, Esra", "Soloukey, Chagajeg", "Grancini, Giulia", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32118644, "pmcid": "PMC7147281", "title": "Distribution of the COVID-19 epidemic and correlation with population emigration from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Chen, Ze-Liang", "Zhang, Qi", "Lu, Yi", "Guo, Zhong-Min", "Zhang, Xi", "Zhang, Wen-Jun", "Guo, Cheng", "Liao, Cong-Hui", "Li, Qian-Lin", "Han, Xiao-Hu", "Lu, Jia-Hai"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118644", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing new coronavirus pneumonia (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19) outbreak is spreading in China, but it has not yet reached its peak. Five million people emigrated from Wuhan before lockdown, potentially representing a source of virus infection. Determining case distribution and its correlation with population emigration from Wuhan in the early stage of the epidemic is of great importance for early warning and for the prevention of future outbreaks. The official case report on the COVID-19 epidemic was collected as of January 30, 2020. Time and location information on COVID-19 cases was extracted and analyzed using ArcGIS and WinBUGS software. Data on population migration from Wuhan city and Hubei province were extracted from Baidu Qianxi, and their correlation with the number of cases was analyzed. The COVID-19 confirmed and death cases in Hubei province accounted for 59.91% (5806/9692) and 95.77% (204/213) of the total cases in China, respectively. Hot spot provinces included Sichuan and Yunnan, which are adjacent to Hubei. The time risk of Hubei province on the following day was 1.960 times that on the previous day. The number of cases in some cities was relatively low, but the time risk appeared to be continuously rising. The correlation coefficient between the provincial number of cases and emigration from Wuhan was up to 0.943. The lockdown of 17 cities in Hubei province and the implementation of nationwide control measures efficiently prevented an exponential growth in the number of cases. The population that emigrated from Wuhan was the main infection source in other cities and provinces. Some cities with a low number of cases showed a rapid increase in case load. Owing to the upcoming Spring Festival return wave, understanding the risk trends in different regions is crucial to ensure preparedness at both the individual and organization levels and to prevent new outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32362384, "pmcid": "PMC7193137", "title": "SEPAR and AEER consensus recommendations on the Use of Bronchoscopy and Airway Sampling in Patients with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Cordovilla, Rosa", "Alvarez, Susana", "Llanos, Liliana", "Nunez Ares, Ana", "Cases Viedma, Enrique", "Diaz-Perez, David", "Flandes, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362384", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This consensus document has been drawn up by the Techniques and Transplantation and Nursing areas of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) and the Spanish Society of Respiratory Endoscopy (AEER) with the aim of providing information on the safe and effective use of bronchoscopy in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. Our priority is to ensure the safety of our patients, the health workers caring for them, and the community in general. At this stage in the pandemic, our information on the use of bronchoscopy in patients of this type is based on the experience of hospitals in other countries, and scientific publications are scarce. The objective of this document is to compile these experiences, based on recommendations from official agencies, in a document offering guidance in daily clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32494340, "pmcid": "PMC7244828", "title": "Is reporting many cases of COVID-19 in Iran due to strength or weakness of Iran's health system?", "journal": "Iran J Microbiol", "authors": ["Mounesan, Leila", "Eybpoosh, Sana", "Haghdoost, Aliakbar", "Moradi, Ghobad", "Mostafavi, Ehsan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494340", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32009128, "title": "History is repeating itself: Probable zoonotic spillover as the cause of the 2019 novel Coronavirus Epidemic", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Balbin-Ramon, Graciela Josefina", "Rabaan, Ali A", "Sah, Ranjit", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto", "Pagliano, Pasquale", "Esposito, Silvano"], "date": "2020-02-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32009128", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pathogen transmission from a vertebrate animal to a human, also known as zoonotic spillover, represents a global public health burden, which while associated with multiple outbreaks, still remains a poorly understood phenomenon. Coronaviruses, like influenza viruses, circulate in nature in various animal species. Alpha-coronaviruses and beta-coronaviruses can infect mammals and gamma-coronaviruses and delta-coronaviruses tend to infect birds, but some of them can also be transmitted to mammals. Although still preliminary, current data suggest that bats are the most probable initial source of the current 2019 novel CoV (2019nCoV) outbreak, that begun on December 2019 in Wuhan, China, apparently spreading from a \"wet market\" to multiple cities and provinces in China. This epidemic of 2019nCoV, already reaching more than 6,000 cases to-day (end of January 2020) (>90% in China), will not be the last one linked to zoonotic spillover events."}, {"pmid": 32338605, "pmcid": "PMC7213974", "title": "Kallikrein-kinin blockade in patients with COVID-19 to prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["van de Veerdonk, Frank L", "Netea, Mihai G", "van Deuren, Marcel", "van der Meer, Jos Wm", "de Mast, Quirijn", "Bruggemann, Roger J", "van der Hoeven, Hans"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338605", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 patients can present with pulmonary edema early in disease. We propose that this is due to a local vascular problem because of activation of bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) and B2R on endothelial cells in the lungs. SARS-CoV-2 enters the cell via ACE2 that next to its role in RAAS is needed to inactivate des-Arg9 bradykinin, the potent ligand of the B1R. Without ACE2 acting as a guardian to inactivate the ligands of B1R, the lung environment is prone for local vascular leakage leading to angioedema. Here, we hypothesize that a kinin-dependent local lung angioedema via B1R and eventually B2R is an important feature of COVID-19. We propose that blocking the B2R and inhibiting plasma kallikrein activity might have an ameliorating effect on early disease caused by COVID-19 and might prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition, this pathway might indirectly be responsive to anti-inflammatory agents."}, {"pmid": 32373347, "pmcid": "PMC7195821", "title": "The anti-influenza virus drug, arbidol is an efficient inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.", "journal": "Cell Discov", "authors": ["Wang, Xi", "Cao, Ruiyuan", "Zhang, Huanyu", "Liu, Jia", "Xu, Mingyue", "Hu, Hengrui", "Li, Yufeng", "Zhao, Lei", "Li, Wei", "Sun, Xiulian", "Yang, Xinglou", "Shi, Zhengli", "Deng, Fei", "Hu, Zhihong", "Zhong, Wu", "Wang, Manli"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373347", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484426, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on the vascular interventionist.", "journal": "Vascular", "authors": ["Mousa, Albeir Y", "Broce, Mike"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484426", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379856, "title": "Cancer and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Facing the \"C Words\".", "journal": "JAMA Oncol", "authors": ["Shah, Urvi A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379856", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359098, "pmcid": "PMC7267266", "title": "Delay in OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic-Perspectives from a Virus Hotspot.", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Ali, Ashhar"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359098", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly changed our practice of medicine. With our collective resources and attention focused on caring for those afflicted with the disease, other medical conditions have temporarily but understandably faced constraint. For migraine patients who often require in-person visits for infusions and procedures, this has become particularly challenging. Here, we share our experience in navigating this exigency amidst a local surge of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32526461, "title": "A framework for identifying and mitigating the equity harms of COVID-19 policy interventions.", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Glover, Rebecca E", "van Schalkwyk, May Ci", "Akl, Elie A", "Kristjannson, Elizabeth", "Lotfi, Tamara", "Petkovic, Jennifer", "Petticrew, Mark P", "Pottie, Kevin", "Tugwell, Peter", "Welch, Vivian"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526461", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Governments have implemented combinations of 'lockdown' measures of various stringencies, including school and workplace closures, cancellations of public events, and restrictions on internal and external movements. These policy interventions are an attempt to shield high risk individuals and to prevent overwhelming countries' healthcare systems, or, colloquially, 'flatten the curve'. However, these policy interventions may come with physical and psychological health harms, group and social harms, and opportunity costs. These policies may particularly affect vulnerable populations and not only exacerbate pre-existing inequities, but also generate new ones. We developed a conceptual framework to identify and categorise adverse effects of COVID-19 lockdown measures. We based our framework on Lorenc and Oliver's framework for the adverse effects of public health interventions and the PROGRESS-Plus equity framework. To test its application we purposively sampled COVID-19 policy examples from around the world and evaluated them for the potential physical, psychological, and social harms, as well as opportunity costs, in each of the PROGRESS-Plus equity domains: Place of residence, Race/ethnicity, Occupation, Gender/sex, Religion, Education, Socioeconomic status, Social capital, Plus (age, and disability). We found examples of inequitably distributed adverse effects for each COVID-19 lockdown policy example, stratified by LMIC and HIC, in every PROGRESS-Plus equity domain. We identified known policy interventions intended to mitigate some of these adverse effects. The same harms (anxiety; depression; food insecurity; loneliness; stigma; violence) appear to be repeated across many groups, and are exacerbated by several COVID-19 policy interventions. Our conceptual framework highlights the fact that COVID-19 policy interventions can generate or exacerbate interactive and multiplicative equity harms. Applying this framework can help in three ways: (1) identifying areas where a policy intervention may generate inequitable adverse effects; (2) mitigating policy and practice interventions by facilitating the systematic examination of relevant evidence; and (3) planning for lifting COVID-19 lockdowns and policy interventions around the world."}, {"pmid": 32425712, "pmcid": "PMC7190003", "title": "Evidence Supporting a Phased Immuno-physiological Approach to COVID-19 From Prevention Through Recovery.", "journal": "Integr Med (Encinitas)", "authors": ["Yanuck, S F", "Pizzorno, J", "Messier, H", "Fitzgerald, K N"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425712", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper presents an evidence-based strategy for improving clinical outcomes in COVID-19. Recommendations are based on the phases of the disease, because optimal interventions for one phase may not be appropriate for a different phase. The four phases addressed are: Prevention, Infection, Inflammation and Recovery. Underlying this phased approach is recognition of emerging evidence for two different components of pathophysiology, early infection and late stage severe complications. These two aspects of the disease suggest two different patterns of clinical emphasis that seem on the surface to be not entirely concordant. We describe the application of therapeutic strategies and appropriate tactics that address four main stages of disease progression for COVID-19. Emerging evidence in COVID-19 suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 virus may both evade the innate immune response and kill macrophages. Delayed innate immune response and a depleted population of macrophages can theoretically result in a blunted antigen presentation, delaying and diminishing activation of the adaptive immune response. Thus, one clinical strategy involves supporting patient innate and adaptive immune responses early in the time course of illness, with the goal of improving the timeliness, readiness, and robustness of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. At the other end of the disease pathology spectrum, risk of fatality in COVID-19 is driven by excessive and persistent upregulation of inflammatory mechanisms associated with cytokine storm. Thus, the second clinical strategy is to prevent or mitigate excessive inflammatory response to prevent the cytokine storm associated with high mortality risk. Clinical support for immune system pathogen clearance mechanisms involves obligate activation of immune response components that are inherently inflammatory. This puts the goals of the first clinical strategy (immune activation) potentially at odds with the goals of the second strategy(mitigation of proinflammatory effects). This creates a need for discernment about the time course of the illness and with that, understanding of which components of an overall strategy to apply at each phase of the time course of the illness. We review evidence from early observational studies and the existing literature on both outcomes and mechanisms of disease, to inform a phased approach to support the patient at risk for infection, with infection, with escalating inflammation during infection, and at risk of negative sequelae as they move into recovery."}, {"pmid": 32510340, "title": "Diagnostic methods and potential portable biosensors for coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Biosens Bioelectron", "authors": ["Cui, Feiyun", "Zhou, H Susan"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510340", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Timely detection and diagnosis are urgently needed to guide epidemiological measures, infection control, antiviral treatment, and vaccine research. In this review, biomarkers/indicators for diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the environment are summarized and discussed. It is concluded that the detection methods targeting antibodies are not suitable for screening of early and asymptomatic cases since most patients had an antibody response at about 10 days after onset of symptoms. However, antibody detection methods can be combined with quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis, and boost vaccine research. Fast, sensitive and accurate detection methods targeting antigens need to be developed urgently. Various specimens for diagnosis or detection are compared and analyzed. Among them, deep throat saliva and induced sputum are desired for RT-qPCR test or other early detection technologies. Chest computerized tomography (CT) scan, RT-qPCR, lateral flow immunochromatographic strip (LFICS) for diagnosis of COVID-19 are summarized and compared. Specially, potential electrochemical (EC) biosensor, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensor, field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensor, surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor and artificial intelligence (AI) assisted diagnosis of COVID-19 are emphasized. Finally, some commercialized portable detection device, current challenges and future directions are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32367205, "pmcid": "PMC7197630", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain and spine demyelinating lesions.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Zanin, Luca", "Saraceno, Giorgio", "Panciani, Pier Paolo", "Renisi, Giulia", "Signorini, Liana", "Migliorati, Karol", "Fontanella, Marco Maria"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367205", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 can attack the central nervous system in the early stages of infection. Headache, anosmia, and dysgeusia are common symptoms. Disturbance of consciousness and seizures can occur as complications in case of severe COVID-19. We described the case of a COVID-19 patient admitted for interstitial pneumonia and seizures. MRI showed newly diagnosed demyelinating lesions. High-dose steroid treatment allowed neurological and respiratory recovery. We speculated a delayed immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2. The virus may lead to a SIRS-like immune disorder or play a role of infective trigger. Prompt invasive treatment should be adopted to avoid hypoxic neurotoxicity and prevent CNS injuries."}, {"pmid": 32504168, "pmcid": "PMC7273117", "title": "Impact of glycoscience in fighting Covid-19.", "journal": "Glycoconj J", "authors": ["Adamo, Roberto", "Sonnino, Sandro"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504168", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387617, "pmcid": "PMC7199674", "title": "COVID-19: The first documented coronavirus pandemic in history.", "journal": "Biomed J", "authors": ["Liu, Yen-Chin", "Kuo, Rei-Lin", "Shih, Shin-Ru"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387617", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel human coronavirus disease COVID-19 has become the fifth documented pandemic since the 1918 flu pandemic. COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China, and subsequently spread worldwide. The coronavirus was officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses based on phylogenetic analysis. SARS-CoV-2 is believed to be a spillover of an animal coronavirus and later adapted the ability of human-to-human transmission. Because the virus is highly contagious, it rapidly spreads and continuously evolves in the human population. In this review article, we discuss the basic properties, potential origin, and evolution of the novel human coronavirus. These factors may be critical for studies of pathogenicity, antiviral designs, and vaccine development against the virus."}, {"pmid": 32286091, "title": "Mental health burden for the public affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in China: Who will be the high-risk group?", "journal": "Psychol Health Med", "authors": ["Huang, Yeen", "Zhao, Ning"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286091", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December, 2019, an outbreak of respiratory illness caused by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China and spread rapidly to other parts of China and around the world. We aimed to identify high-risk groups whose mental health conditions were vulnerable to the COVID-19 outbreak. Data were collected from 7,236 self-selected participants measured by anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. The overall prevalence of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and poor sleep quality were 35.1%, 20.1%, and 18.2%, respectively. People aged < 35 years reported a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms than people aged \u2265 35 years. Healthcare workers have the highest rate of poor sleep compared to other occupations. Healthcare workers/younger people who spent a high level of time (\u2265 3 hours/day) had a particular higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms than in those who spent less time (< 1 hours/day and 1-2 hours/day) on the outbreak. During the COVID-19 outbreak, healthcare workers and younger people were at an especially high-risk of displaying psychological impact when they spent too much time thinking about the outbreak. Continuous monitoring of the psychological consequences for high-risk population should become routine as part of targeted interventions during times of crisis.I."}, {"pmid": 32211799, "pmcid": "PMC7184379", "title": "Routes for COVID-19 importation in Brazil.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Candido, Darlan Da S", "Watts, Alexander", "Abade, Leandro", "Kraemer, Moritz U G", "Pybus, Oliver G", "Croda, Julio", "de Oliveira, Wanderson", "Khan, Kamran", "Sabino, Ester C", "Faria, Nuno R"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211799", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501484, "title": "Informatics is a critical strategy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Bakken, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501484", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533442, "title": "Regional differences in hospital admissions for ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarctions during the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic in Austria.", "journal": "Wien Klin Wochenschr", "authors": ["Kiblboeck, Daniel", "Kellermair, Joerg", "Siostrzonek, Peter", "Steinwender, Clemens"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533442", "countries": ["Austria"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422125, "pmcid": "PMC7228710", "title": "Steam inhalation and paediatric burns during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Brewster, Colin T", "Choong, Jia", "Thomas, Clare", "Wilson, David", "Moiemen, Naiem"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422125", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480207, "pmcid": "PMC7250772", "title": "Perianesthetic concerns for the non-COVID-19 patients requiring surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak: An observational study.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Boccara, Gilles", "Cassagnol, David", "Bargues, Laurent", "Guenoun, Thierry", "Aubier, Benjamin", "Goldstein, Ivan", "Romano, Stephane", "Longrois, Dan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480207", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222700, "title": "On the Frontline of the COVID-19 Outbreak: Keeping Patients on Long-Term Dialysis Safe.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Watnick, Suzanne", "McNamara, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32156677, "title": "Covid-19: UK trade talks with EU must not hinder cooperation in tackling threat, BMA warns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156677", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460173, "pmcid": "PMC7236671", "title": "Clinical evaluation of AusDiagnostics SARS-CoV-2 multiplex tandem PCR assay.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Attwood, Lucy O", "Francis, Michelle J", "Hamblin, John", "Korman, Tony M", "Druce, Julian", "Graham, Maryza"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460173", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the pandemic, the rapid emergency use authorisation of diagnostic assays for SARS-CoV-2 has meant there are few peer-reviewed published studies of clinical performance of commercial assays. To evaluate the clinical performance of AusDiagnostics respiratory multiplex tandem PCR assay including SARS-CoV-2. We reviewed the results following implementation of AusDiagnostics respiratory multiplex tandem PCR assay including SARS-CoV-2, and compared with an in-house RT-PCR assay at our State Reference Laboratory. Initial validation using AusDiagnostics coronavirus multiplex tandem PCR assay including SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated good concordance with the State Reference Laboratory. After implementing the AusDiagnostics respiratory multiplex tandem PCR assay including SARS-CoV-2, we tested 7839 samples. 127 samples in which SARS-CoV-2 was detected using the AusDiagnostics assay were referred for testing at the State Reference Laboratory, with concordant results in 118/127 (92.9%) of samples. After resolution of discrepancies, 125/127 (98.4%) of AusDiagnostics results were determined to be true positive results. Out of 7839 samples tested for SARS-CoV-2 during this period, only 2 tests (0.02%) were indeterminate results. The AusDiagnostics respiratory MT-PCR assay is a reliable assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32339778, "pmcid": "PMC7175857", "title": "Dapsone and doxycycline could be potential treatment modalities for COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Farouk, Ahmed", "Salman, Samar"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339778", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32114193, "pmcid": "PMC7129110", "title": "Comparison of different samples for 2019 novel coronavirus detection by nucleic acid amplification tests.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xie, Chunbao", "Jiang, Lingxi", "Huang, Guo", "Pu, Hong", "Gong, Bo", "Lin, He", "Ma, Shi", "Chen, Xuemei", "Long, Bo", "Si, Guo", "Yu, Hua", "Jiang, Li", "Yang, Xingxiang", "Shi, Yi", "Yang, Zhenglin"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114193", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of severe respiratory pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus has recently emerged in China. Here we report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics of 19 suspect cases. We compared the positive ratio of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid amplification test results from different samples including oropharyngeal swab, blood, urine and stool with 3 different fluorescent RT-PCR kits. Nine out of the 19 patients had 2019-nCoV infection detected using oropharyngeal swab samples, and the virus nucleic acid was also detected in eight of these nine patients using stool samples. None of positive results was identified in the blood and urine samples. These three different kits got the same result for each sample and the positive ratio of nucleic acid detection for 2019-nCoV was only 47.4% in the suspect patients. Therefore, it is possible that infected patients have been missed by using nucleic acid detection only. It might be better to make a diagnosis combining the computed tomography scans and nucleic acid detection."}, {"pmid": 32321009, "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia and the reversed halo sign.", "journal": "J Bras Pneumol", "authors": ["Farias, Lucas de Padua Gomes de", "Strabelli, Daniel Giunchetti", "Sawamura, Marcio Valente Yamada"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321009", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376581, "pmcid": "PMC7167308", "title": "[An increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is an early warning signal of severe COVID-19].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Xia, Xintian", "Wen, Minyong", "Zhan, Shaofeng", "He, Jing", "Chen, Weitao"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376581", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify the biomarkers as early warning signals for severe COVID-19. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 63 patients with COVID- 19 from Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, including 32 moderate cases and 31 severe cases. The demographic data, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations and laboratory test results were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors that predicted the severity of COVID-19. The receiver- operating characteristic curve (ROC) of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was calculated, and the area under the curve (AUC) was determined to estimate the optimal threshold of NLR for predicting severe cases of COVID-19. The patients with moderate and server COVID-19 showed significant differences in the rate of diabetes, NLR, serum amyloid A (SSA), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum albumin (ALB) levels (P < 0.05). The co- morbidity of diabetes, NLR, SSA and CRP were found to positively correlate and ALB to inversely correlate with the severity of COVID-19 (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NLR was an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 (OR=1.264, 95% CI: 1.046-1.526, P=0.015) with an AUC of 0.831 (95% CI: 0.730-0.932), an optimal diagnostic threshold of 4.795, a sensitivity of 0.839, and a specificity of 0.750. An increased NLR can serve as an early warning signal of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32338424, "pmcid": "PMC7261982", "title": "Biologics for psoriasis in COVID-19 era: what do we know?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Megna, M", "Napolitano, M", "Patruno, C", "Fabbrocini, G"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338424", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379747, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and rural generalism: the West Coast's rural workforce solution.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Marshall, Brendan", "Aileone, Laura"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379747", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349897, "pmcid": "PMC7194974", "title": "Cardiovascular Consequences and Considerations of Coronavirus Infection - Perspectives for the Cardiothoracic Anesthesiologist and Intensivist During the Coronavirus Crisis.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349897", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503883, "title": "Defining causality in COVID-19 and neurological disorders.", "journal": "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry", "authors": ["Ellul, Mark", "Varatharaj, Aravinthan", "Nicholson, Timothy R", "Pollak, Thomas Arthur", "Thomas, Naomi", "Easton, Ava", "Zandi, Michael S", "Manji, Hadi", "Solomon, Tom", "Carson, Alan", "Turner, Martin R", "Kneen, Rachel", "Galea, Ian", "Pett, Sarah", "Thomas, Rhys Huw", "Michael, Benedict Daniel"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503883", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314954, "pmcid": "PMC7203164", "title": "COVID-19 Community Stabilization and Sustainability Framework: An Integration of the Maslow Hierarchy of Needs and Social Determinants of Health.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Ryan, Benjamin J", "Coppola, Damon", "Canyon, Deon V", "Brickhouse, Mark", "Swienton, Raymond"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314954", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "All levels of government are authorized to apply coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) protection measures; however, they must consider how and when to ease lockdown restrictions to limit long-term societal harm and societal instability. Leaders that use a well-considered framework with an incremental approach will be able to gradually restart society while simultaneously maintaining the public health benefits achieved through lockdown measures. Economically vulnerable populations cannot endure long-term lockdown, and most countries lack the ability to maintain a full nationwide relief operation. Decision-makers need to understand this risk and how the Maslow hierarchy of needs and the social determinants of health can guide whole of society policies. Aligning decisions with societal needs will help ensure all segments of society are catered to and met while managing the crisis. This must inform the process of incremental easing of lockdowns to facilitate the resumption of community foundations, such as commerce, education, and employment in a manner that protects those most vulnerable to COVID-19. This study proposes a framework for identifying a path forward. It reflects on baseline requirements, regulations and recommendations, triggers, and implementation. Those desiring a successful recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic need to adopt an evidence-based framework now to ensure community stabilization and sustainability."}, {"pmid": 32475090, "title": "Back to school: Safe for children with underlying medical conditions.", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Starr, Mike"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475090", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As schools reopen as a result of low community transmission rates of COVID-19, parents and teachers will have understandable concerns about the risks to students and staff."}, {"pmid": 32501821, "title": "Philosophy Problems Become Real During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Randall, Rachel M", "Rafferty, Rachel"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501821", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449034, "pmcid": "PMC7245989", "title": "Preventing transmission among operating room staff during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of the Aerosol Box and other personal protective equipment.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Bianco, F", "Incollingo, P", "Grossi, U", "Gallo, G"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449034", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is highly challenging for the operating room staff and healthcare workers in emergency departments. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA beta-coronavirus that primarily targets the human respiratory system, with fever, cough, myalgia, and pneumonia as the most common manifestations. However, since SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool specimens much more attention has been paid to gastrointestinal symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea, and diarrhea. Furthermore, the expression of ACE-2 receptors in absorptive enterocytes from ileum and colon suggests that these organs should also be considered as a potential high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. During aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP; e.g. intubating and extubating patients or any surgical procedures), the production of both airborne particles and droplets may increase the risk of infection. In this situation, the surgical staff is strongly recommended to wear personal protective equipment (PPE). A transparent plastic cube, the so-called \"Aerosol Box\" (AB), has been recently designed to lend further protection against droplets and aerosol exposure during the AGMP."}, {"pmid": 32433292, "pmcid": "PMC7268847", "title": "Coronavirus Threatens Blood Supply: Patient Blood Management Now!", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Schlesinger, Tobias", "Kranke, Peter", "Zacharowski, Kai", "Meybohm, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433292", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455442, "title": "Recommendations of the Thoracic Imaging Section of the German Radiological Society for clinical application of chest imaging and structured CT reporting in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Rofo", "authors": ["Vogel-Claussen, Jens", "Ley-Zaporozhan, Julia", "Agarwal, Prerana", "Biederer, Jurgen", "Kauczor, Hans-Ulrich", "Ley, Sebastian", "Kuhl, Hilmar", "Mueller-Lisse, Ullrich G", "Persigehl, Thorsten", "Schlett, Christopher L", "Wormanns, Dag", "Antoch, Gerald", "Hamer, Okka W"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455442", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This information provided by the Thoracic Imaging Section of the German Radiological Society is intended to give physicians recommendations on the use of thoracic imaging procedures in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. It represents the consensus of the authors based on the previous scientific knowledge and is intended to provide guidance for unified, structured CT reporting if COVID-19 pneumonia is suspected. The recommendations presented correspond to state of knowledge at the time of print and will be updated according to the results of ongoing and future scientific studies. KEY POINTS:: \u00b7 COVID-19. \u00b7 chest imaging. \u00b7 German Radiological Society. CITATION FORMAT: \u00b7 Vogel-Claussen J, Ley-Zaporozhan J, Agarwal P et\u200aal. Recommendations of the Thoracic Imaging Section of the\u00a0German Radiological Society for clinical application of\u00a0chest imaging and structured CT reporting in the COVID-19 pandemic. Fortschr R\u00f6ntgenstr 2020; DOI: 10.1055/a-1174-8378."}, {"pmid": 32378459, "title": "Application of nanomaterials in treatment, anti-infection and detection of coronaviruses.", "journal": "Nanomedicine (Lond)", "authors": ["Nikaeen, Ghazal", "Abbaszadeh, Sepideh", "Yousefinejad, Saeed"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378459", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nanotechnology and nanomedicine have excellent potential in dealing with a range of different health problems, including viruses, which are considered to be a serious challenge in the medical field. Application of nanobiotechnology could represent a new avenue for the treatment or disinfection of viruses. There is increasing concern regarding the control of coronaviruses, among these, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 are well known and dangerous examples. This article aims to provide an overview of recent studies on the effectiveness of nanoparticles as diagnostic or antiviral tools against coronaviruses. The possibilities of effectively using nanomaterials as vaccines and nanosensors in this field are also presented."}, {"pmid": 32451301, "pmcid": "PMC7194545", "title": "A picture of the covid-19 impact on IVIRMA fertility treatment clinics in Spain and Italy.", "journal": "Reprod Biomed Online", "authors": ["Requena, Antonio", "Cruz, Maria", "Vergara, Vanessa", "Prados, Nicolas", "Galliano, Daniela", "Pellicer, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451301", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel coronavirus infection that arose in Wuhan, China in December 2019 has resulted in an epidemic that has quickly expanded to become one of the most significant public health threats in recent times. Unfortunately, the disease has spread globally. On March 11th (2020) World Health Organization (WHO) declared Covid-19 a pandemic and has called governments to take urgent and aggressive action to change the course of the outbreak. Within the context of Assisted Reproduction, both reproductive medicine professionals and patients are also fighting against this unprecedented viral pandemic. In view of events, most of us had to make serious decisions, some of them with a lack of scientific evidence due to the circumstances and with the only objective of ensuring the safe care of our patients, reduce non-essential contacts and prevent possible maternal and fetal complications in future pregnancies. Pregnant women should not be considered at high risk for developing severe infection. Up to date, there are no reported deaths in pregnant women with Covid-19, while in the cases that have presented pneumonia because of Covid-19, the symptoms have been moderate and with a good prognosis in recovery."}, {"pmid": 32363746, "pmcid": "PMC7267425", "title": "Mitigating mental health consequences during the COVID-19 outbreak: Lessons from China.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Yao, Hao", "Chen, Jian-Hua", "Zhao, Min", "Qiu, Jian-Yin", "Koenen, Karestan C", "Stewart, Robert", "Mellor, David", "Xu, Yi-Feng"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363746", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359457, "pmcid": "PMC7252088", "title": "Prisons are \"in no way equipped\" to deal with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Burki, Talha"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359457", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513339, "title": "UK ACHD response to COVID-19: Which adult patients are being advised to follow shielding by UK centres?", "journal": "Cardiol Young", "authors": ["Anthony, James M", "Kasargod Prabhakar, Chethan R", "Clift, Paul", "Hudsmith, Lucy"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513339", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451846, "pmcid": "PMC7247778", "title": "Does SARS-CoV-2 infection cause chronic neurological complications?", "journal": "Geroscience", "authors": ["Hascup, Erin R", "Hascup, Kevin N"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451846", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has created an unparalleled health crisis. Besides the acute respiratory infection, CoVs are neuroinvasive causing additional inflammation and neurodegeneration. This is likely also true of SARS-CoV-2 given reports of neurological manifestations in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive patients. Older adults >\u200965\u00a0years of age constitute a high-risk group prone to severe infection and death. Despite the higher mortality rate, a majority of cases are expected to recover and survive from this viral outbreak. But, the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinfection are unknown. We discuss these potential chronic changes to the central nervous system (CNS) in relation to accelerated brain aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders."}, {"pmid": 32125934, "pmcid": "PMC7233393", "title": "Helping the Radiologist: The Role of Scientific Journals to Help Prevent the Spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Li, Xiaohu", "Qian, Yinfeng", "Liu, Bin", "Yu, Yongqiang"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125934", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492809, "title": "Vitamin D Supplementation in Influenza and COVID-19 Infections Comment on: \"Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths\" Nutrients 2020, 12(4), 988.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Kow, Chia Siang", "Hadi, Muhammad Abdul", "Hasan, Syed Shahzad"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492809", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an ongoing debate on the use of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. A recently published article highlights a relationship between vitamin D supplementation and reduced risk of COVID-19 and influenza. This comment aims to discuss the evidence on the use of Vitamin D in people who are at risk of developing COVID-19, focusing on safety issues of the Vitamin D supplementation."}, {"pmid": 32294503, "pmcid": "PMC7152867", "title": "Clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women suspected of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Yang, Hui", "Sun, Guoqiang", "Tang, Fei", "Peng, Min", "Gao, Ying", "Peng, Jing", "Xie, Hui", "Zhao, Yun", "Jin, Zhichun"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294503", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic. Under such circumstance pregnant women are also affected significantly. This study aims to observe the clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women who have been confirmed with COVID-19. The research objects were 55 cases of suspected COVID-19 pregnant women who gave a birth from Jan 20th 2020 to Mar 5th 2020 in our hospital-a big birth center delivering about 30,000 babies in the last 3 years. These cases were subjected to pulmonary CT scan and routine blood test, manifested symptoms of fever, cough, chest tightness or gastrointestinal symptoms. They were admitted to an isolated suite, with clinical features and newborn babies being carefully observed. Among the 55 cases, 13 patients were assigned into the confirmed COVID-19 group for being tested positive sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) via maternal throat swab test, and the other 42 patients were assigned into the control group for being ruled out COVID-19 pneumonia based on new coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control program(the 7th edition). There were 2 fever patients during the prenatal period and 8 fever patients during the postpartum period in the confirmed COVID-19 group. In contrast, there were 11 prenatal fever patients and 20 postpartum fever patients in the control group (p>0.05). Among 55 cases, only 2 case had cough in the confirmed group. The imaging of pulmonary CT scan showed ground- glass opacity (46.2%, 6/13), patch-like shadows(38.5%, 5/13), fiber shadow(23.1%, 3/13), pleural effusion (38.5%, 5/13)and pleural thickening(7.7%, 1/13), and there was no statistical difference between the confirmed COVID-19 group and the control group (p>0.05). During the prenatal and postpartum period, there was no difference in the count of WBC, Neutrophils and Lymphocyte, the radio of Neutrophils and Lymphocyte and the level of CRP between the confirmed COVID-19 group and the control group(p<0.05). 20 babies (from confirmed mother and from normal mother) were subjected to SARS-CoV-2 examination by throat swab samples in 24\u00a0h after birth and no case was tested positive. The clinical symptoms and laboratory indicators are not obvious for asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 pregnant women. Pulmonary CT scan plus blood routine examination are more suitable for finding pregnancy women with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 infection, and can be used screening COVID-19 pregnant women in the outbreak area of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32514743, "title": "Bariatric surgery and the COVID-19 pandemic: SICOB recommendations on how to perform surgery during the outbreak and when to resume the activities in phase 2 of lockdown.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Navarra, Giuseppe", "Komaei, Iman", "Curro, Giuseppe", "Angrisani, Luigi", "Bellini, Rosario", "Cerbone, Maria Rosaria", "Di Lorenzo, Nicola", "De Luca, Maurizio", "Foletto, Mirto", "Gentileschi, Paolo", "Musella, Mario", "Nannipieri, Monica", "Piazza, Luigi", "Olmi, Stefano", "Pilone, Vincenzo", "Raffaelli, Marco", "Sarro, Giuliano", "Vitiello, Antonio", "Zappa, Marco Antonio", "Foschi, Diego"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514743", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its related disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been rapidly spreading all over the world and is responsible for the current pandemic. The current pandemic has found the Italian national health system unprepared to provide an appropriate and prompt response, heavily affecting surgical activities. Based on the limited data available in the literature and personal experiences, the Societ\u00e0 Italiana di Chirurgia dell'OBesit\u00e0 e Malattie Metaboliche (SICOB) provides recommendations regarding the triage of bariatric surgical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic defining a dedicated path for surgery in morbidly obese patients with known or suspected COVID-19 who may require emergency operations. Finally, the current paper delineates a strategy to resume outpatient visits and elective bariatric surgery once the acute phase of the pandemic is over. Models developed during the COVID-19 crisis should be integrated into hospital practices for future use in similar scenarios. Surgeons are presented with a golden opportunity to embrace systemic change and to drive their professional future."}, {"pmid": 32420932, "title": "Proximal femur fractures in COVID-19 emergency: the experience of two Orthopedics and Traumatology Departments in the first eight weeks of the Italian epidemic.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Maniscalco, Pietro", "Poggiali, Erika", "Quattrini, Fabrizio", "Ciatti, Corrado", "Magnacavallo, Andrea", "Vercelli, Andrea", "Domenichini, Marco", "Vaienti, Enrico", "Pogliacomi, Francesco", "Ceccarelli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420932", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "CoVID-19 (Coronavirus disease) is a worldwide infection which is causing millions of deaths. A significant number of elderly patients require hospitalization and develop serious and sometimes life-threatening complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the preliminary impact (8 weeks) of CoVID-19, focusing on proximal femur fractures, analyzing data and results compared to the same period of 2019. From February 22nd to April 18th, 2020 we surgically treated 121 proximal femur fractures (61 in Piacenza; 60 in Parma, 16 male, 44 female, mean age 81.1). In the same period of 2019, we treated 169 proximal femur fractures (90 in Piacenza, 33 male, 57 female, mean age 81.9; 79 in Parma, 29 males, 50 female, mean age 80.2). We had 21/61 (34.4%) patients resulted positive for COVID-19 and 11/61 in Parma (18.3%), based on nasal-pharyngeal swab, chest CT scan and/or lung US findings. The incidence of proximal femur fractures had a significant reduction during CoVID-19 spread in Piacenza and Parma. Authors have noticed an elevated number of deaths within 21 days after surgery. Piacenza: 4 cases in 2019 (4.4%) and 11 in 2020 (18.0%), of which 9 cases CoVID positive. In Parma in 2019 two deaths were encountered; in 2020 6 patients died and 5 cases were CoVID positive. In the first two months of the Italian epidemic, in the cities of Piacenza and Parma over 80% of deaths have occurred in patients over 70 years old. Even if preliminary, our study shows a significant increase in death in elderly patients surgically treated for proximal femur fractures, particularly in the Piacenza Hospital."}, {"pmid": 32501146, "title": "Social Responses for Older People in COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from Vietnam.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Tung, Le Thanh"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501146", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper aims to provide an overview of all aggregate responses of society to support older people to fight the COVID-19 in Vietnam, a country that has done a good process of preventing diseases by limited resources. I introduce a model of social responses that systematizing the activities of government, socio-political organizations, entrepreneurs and private sponsors to older people. The success of Vietnam is remarkable and can be a good lesson for countries (especially those with limited resources) in building effective models in caring for older people in a pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32278372, "pmcid": "PMC7146680", "title": "Offline: COVID-19-bewilderment and candour.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278372", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334422, "title": "Smartphone-based multiplex 30-minute nucleic acid test of live virus from nasal swab extract.", "journal": "Lab Chip", "authors": ["Sun, Fu", "Ganguli, Anurup", "Nguyen, Judy", "Brisbin, Ryan", "Shanmugam, Krithika", "Hirschberg, David L", "Wheeler, Matthew B", "Bashir, Rashid", "Nash, David M", "Cunningham, Brian T"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334422", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid, sensitive and specific detection and reporting of infectious pathogens is important for patient management and epidemic surveillance. We demonstrated a point-of-care system integrated with a smartphone for detecting live virus from nasal swab media, using a panel of equine respiratory infectious diseases as a model system for corresponding human diseases such as COVID-19. Specific nucleic acid sequences of five pathogens were amplified by loop-mediated isothermal amplification on a microfluidic chip and detected at the end of reactions by the smartphone. Pathogen-spiked horse nasal swab samples were correctly diagnosed using our system, with a limit of detection comparable to that of the traditional lab-based test, polymerase chain reaction, with results achieved in \u223c30 minutes."}, {"pmid": 32216962, "pmcid": "PMC7138157", "title": "An update on COVID-19 for the radiologist - A British society of Thoracic Imaging statement.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Rodrigues, J C L", "Hare, S S", "Edey, A", "Devaraj, A", "Jacob, J", "Johnstone, A", "McStay, R", "Nair, A", "Robinson, G"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216962", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425631, "pmcid": "PMC7229979", "title": "A dynamic modeling tool for estimating healthcare demand from the COVID19 epidemic and evaluating population-wide interventions.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rainisch, Gabriel", "Undurraga, Eduardo A", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425631", "countries": ["Chile"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health officials need tools to assist in anticipating the healthcare resources required to confront the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. We constructed a modeling tool to aid active public health officials to estimate healthcare demand from the pandemic in their jurisdictions and to evaluate the potential impact of population-wide social-distancing interventions. The tool uses an SEIR compartmental model to project the pandemic's local spread. Users input case counts, healthcare resources, and select intervention strategies to evaluate. Outputs include the number of infections and deaths with and without intervention, and the demand for hospital and critical care beds and ventilators relative to existing capacity. We illustrate the tool using data from three regions of Chile. Our scenarios indicate a surge in COVID-19 patients could overwhelm Chilean hospitals by June, peaking in July or August at six to 50 times the current supply of beds and ventilators. A lockdown strategy or combination of case isolation, home quarantine, social distancing of individuals >70 years, and telework interventions may keep treatment demand below capacity. Aggressive interventions can avert substantial morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Our tool permits rapid evaluation of locally-applicable policy scenarios and updating of results as new data become available."}, {"pmid": 32349824, "pmcid": "PMC7218182", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Month of Bioethics in Finland.", "journal": "Camb Q Healthc Ethics", "authors": ["Hayry, Matti"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349824", "countries": ["China", "Finland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Finland's first COVID-19 infection was recorded in late January 2020. The person infected was a tourist from China in Lapland. Authorities recommended regular handwashing, coughing in one's sleeve, not touching your face, physical distancing, and home lockdown for those at risk. The pandemic spread at different paces in different regions, and the first Finnish fatality was recorded on March 20 in Uusimaa province, where the number of documented infections was considerably higher than elsewhere. In late March, the parliament granted the government emergency powers for swift regulations and restrictions. Uusimaa province was isolated from the rest of the country for a fortnight, restaurants were closed, meetings of more than 10 people were forbidden, and schools and universities assumed distant-working modes, as did businesses and civil services where this was feasible."}, {"pmid": 32424977, "title": "Feasibility and High Quality Measured in the Rapid Expansion of Telemedicine During COVID-19 for Sports and Musculoskeletal Medicine Practice.", "journal": "PM R", "authors": ["Tenforde, Adam S", "Iaccarino, Mary A", "Borgstrom, Haylee", "Hefner, Jaye E", "Silver, Julie", "Ahmed, Marwa", "Babu, Ashwin N", "Blauwet, Cheri A", "Elson, Lauren", "Eng, Christine", "Kotler, Dana", "Homer, Scott", "Makovitch, Steven", "McInnis, Kelly C", "Vora, Ariana", "Borg-Stein, Joanne"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424977", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in an expansion of telemedicine. Measures of quality and barriers for rapid use by patients and physicians are not well described. To describe results from a quality improvement initiative during rapid adoptive phase of telemedicine during the pandemic. Patient and physician satisfaction with synchronous audiovisual telemedicine visits was measured during early adoptive phase (April 6-17, 2020) within the division of sports medicine in an academic Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) department. Patients were invited to participate in a quality improvement initiative by completing an online survey at the end of a telemedicine visit. Physicians completed a separate survey. Patient measures included visit type, duration of encounter, quality, and satisfaction. Physicians reported on experiences performing telemedicine. Surveys were completed by 119 patients (289 telemedicine encounters, response rate 41%) and 13 physiatrists. Telemedicine was utilized primarily for follow-up visits (n=74, 70.6%) and most common duration was 15-29 minutes. Patients rated their telemedicine visit as \"excellent\" or \"very good\" across measures (91.6-95.0%) including addressing concerns, communication, developing a treatment plan, convenience, and satisfaction. Value of completing a future telemedicine visit was measured at 84.9%. Most reported estimated travel time saved in excess of 30 minutes. Rate of no-show was 2.8%. Most physicians (62%) had no prior experience with telemedicine visits, and most were comfortable performing these visits after completing 1-4 sessions (69%). Nearly all physicians (92%) rated their telemedicine experience as very good or excellent. The key barrier identified for telemedicine was technical issues. All physicians reported plans to perform telemedicine visits if reimbursement continues. In summary, rapid expansion of telemedicine during COVID-19 pandemic was well-received by a majority of patients and physicians. This suggests feasibility in rapid expansion of telemedicine for other outpatient sports medicine practices. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32523147, "title": "Brief annotations on cytokine release syndrome and interleukin-6 therapeutic blockage in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Amezcua-Guerra, Luis M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523147", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378064, "pmcid": "PMC7202901", "title": "Feasibility of Therapeutic Effects of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway on COVID-19 Symptoms.", "journal": "J Neuroimmune Pharmacol", "authors": ["Mazloom, Roham"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378064", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407151, "title": "Recovery of Elective Facial Plastic Surgery in the Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era: Recommendations from the European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery Task Force.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Unadkat, Samit N", "Andrews, Peter J", "Bertossi, Dario", "D'Souza, Alwyn", "Joshi, Anil", "Shandilya, Munish", "Saleh, Hesham A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407151", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in widespread disruption to routine surgical services across the globe. As the peak of the initial pandemic passes, surgeons will increasingly resume elective work to address the backlog. Whilst urgent cases such as cancer work will be prioritized, the safe resumption of facial plastic surgery will remain an ongoing challenge; particularly if there are secondary waves of infection. Rhinoplasty and nasal reconstructive surgery in particular poses a unique challenge to address due to the due to the potential for aerosolizing the virus. A task force of facial plastic surgeons from the European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery has collaborated to create this document detailing recommendations for resuming a safe facial plastic surgery practice. These include the need to embrace telemedicine, advice on surgical prioritization, planning of clinical area flow plans, advice on pre-/peri- and postoperative care as well as recommendations on training for residents and well-being for surgeons. The recommendations have been made in line with the best available evidence in the literature and are applicable to facial plastic surgery colleagues from around the world in order to resume a safe practice."}, {"pmid": 32133152, "pmcid": "PMC7039910", "title": "Phase-adjusted estimation of the number of Coronavirus Disease 2019 cases in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Cell Discov", "authors": ["Wang, Huwen", "Wang, Zezhou", "Dong, Yinqiao", "Chang, Ruijie", "Xu, Chen", "Yu, Xiaoyue", "Zhang, Shuxian", "Tsamlag, Lhakpa", "Shang, Meili", "Huang, Jinyan", "Wang, Ying", "Xu, Gang", "Shen, Tian", "Zhang, Xinxin", "Cai, Yong"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133152", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of clusters of viral pneumonia due to a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) happened in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China in December 2019. Since the outbreak, several groups reported estimated R0 of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and generated valuable prediction for the early phase of this outbreak. After implementation of strict prevention and control measures in China, new estimation is needed. An infectious disease dynamics SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, and Removed) model was applied to estimate the epidemic trend in Wuhan, China under two assumptions of R\n                        t\n                     . In the first assumption, R\n                        t\n                     was assumed to maintain over 1. The estimated number of infections would continue to increase throughout February without any indication of dropping with R\n                        t\n                     \u2009=\u20091.9, 2.6, or 3.1. The number of infections would reach 11,044, 70,258, and 227,989, respectively, by 29 February 2020. In the second assumption, R\n                        t\n                     was assumed to gradually decrease at different phases from high level of transmission (R\n                        t\n                     \u2009=\u20093.1, 2.6, and 1.9) to below 1 (R\n                        t\n                     \u2009=\u20090.9 or 0.5) owing to increasingly implemented public health intervention. Several phases were divided by the dates when various levels of prevention and control measures were taken in effect in Wuhan. The estimated number of infections would reach the peak in late February, which is 58,077-84,520 or 55,869-81,393. Whether or not the peak of the number of infections would occur in February 2020 may be an important index for evaluating the sufficiency of the current measures taken in China. Regardless of the occurrence of the peak, the currently strict measures in Wuhan should be continuously implemented and necessary strict public health measures should be applied in other locations in China with high number of COVID-19 cases, in order to reduce R\n                        t\n                     to an ideal level and control the infection."}, {"pmid": 32120929, "pmcid": "PMC7175275", "title": "Antiviral Action of Tryptanthrin Isolated from Strobilanthes cusia Leaf against Human Coronavirus NL63.", "journal": "Biomolecules", "authors": ["Tsai, Yu-Chi", "Lee, Chia-Lin", "Yen, Hung-Rong", "Chang, Young-Sheng", "Lin, Yu-Ping", "Huang, Su-Hua", "Lin, Cheng-Wen"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32120929", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze is a Chinese herbal medicine used in the treatment of respiratory virus infections. The methanol extract of S. cusia leaf contains chemical components such as \u03b2-sitosterol, indirubin, tryptanthrin, betulin, indigodole A, and indigodole B that have diverse biological activities. However, the antiviral action of S. cusia leaf and its components against human coronavirus remains to be elucidated. Human coronavirus NL63 infection is frequent among immunocompromised individuals, young children, and in the elderly. This study investigated the anti-Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) activity of the methanol extract of S. cusia leaf and its major components. The methanol extract of S. cusia leaf effectively inhibited the cytopathic effect (CPE) and virus yield (IC50 = 0.64 \u03bcg/mL) in HCoV-NL63-infected cells. Moreover, this extract potently inhibited the HCoV-NL63 infection in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the six components identified in the methanol extract of S. cusia leaf, tryptanthrin and indigodole B (5aR-ethyltryptanthrin) exhibited potent antiviral activity in reducing the CPE and progeny virus production. The IC50 values against virus yield were 1.52 \u03bcM and 2.60 \u03bcM for tryptanthrin and indigodole B, respectively. Different modes of time-of-addition/removal assay indicated that tryptanthrin prevented the early and late stages of HCoV-NL63 replication, particularly by blocking viral RNA genome synthesis and papain-like protease 2 activity. Notably, tryptanthrin (IC50 = 0.06 \u03bcM) and indigodole B (IC50 = 2.09 \u03bcM) exhibited strong virucidal activity as well. This study identified tryptanthrin as the key active component of S. cusia leaf methanol extract that acted against HCoV-NL63 in a cell-type independent manner. The results specify that tryptanthrin possesses antiviral potential against HCoV-NL63 infection."}, {"pmid": 32133129, "pmcid": "PMC7043250", "title": "Houston we have a problem: coronavirus!", "journal": "Eur J Hosp Pharm", "authors": ["Wiffen, Philip"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133129", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360862, "title": "Virtual Ophthalmology: Telemedicine in a Covid-19 Era.", "journal": "Am J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Saleem, Sophia Mirza", "Pasquale, Louis R", "Sidoti, Paul A", "Tsai, James C"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360862", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss the effects of the SARS-Cov-2 betacoronavirus on ambulatory ophthalmology practices, the value proposition of telemedicine, tele-ophthalmology implementation methodologies, and the accelerated future of telemedicine. Review of the current telehealth landscape including usage, policies, and techniques for ambulatory practice integration. We provide author-initiated review of recent trends in telehealth, governmental recommendations for healthcare delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic, and a PubMed Central query for telemedicine in ophthalmology or tele-ophthalmology. In addition, authors' comprehensive experience in telemedicine design and implementation is provided. A summary describing the present state of telehealth, tele-ophthalmology modeling, care delivery, and the proposed impact of telehealth surges on the future of ophthalmology practice. Recent patient and provider interest in telemedicine, the relaxation of regulatory restrictions, increased remote care reimbursement, and ongoing social distancing practices compels many ophthalmologists to consider virtualizing services."}, {"pmid": 32471311, "title": "Practical approaches to pedagogically rich online tutorials in health professions education.", "journal": "Rural Remote Health", "authors": ["Seymour-Walsh, Amy E", "Weber, Anthony", "Bell, Andy"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471311", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health professions education in tertiary, industrial and other contexts often entails face-to-face small group learning through tutorials. The current novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has reduced face-to-face contact, and this has challenged how health professionals and clinical students can access training, accreditation and development. Online and other remote mechanisms are available to tutors and course designers; however, they might not feel comfortable with such affordances, in light of expectations to so rapidly change familiar teaching and delivery styles. This may result in the loss of interaction and disruption of peer learning, which are hallmarks of the small group tutorial. Collaborative learning is essential to develop and refine an emerging sense of belonging to a professional community through formal studies, and interactive learning is a requirement for some registered health professions to satisfy ongoing professional accreditation. Online media has been used to promote social learning in regional, rural and remote communities for some time. Strategies for learning activity design and tutor training are proposed to equip course designers and educators to support health professions education remotely, through the synchronous, online small group. This may herald a new era of increased access to training and professional development for non-urban learners, beyond COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32428290, "title": "Severe COVID-19 in a pregnant patient admitted to hospital in Wuhan.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Yu, Ying", "Fan, Cuifang", "Bian, Junmei", "Shen, Yin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428290", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. This virus strain causes the respiratory illness coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite significant research efforts in this field, there is limited data on COVID-19 in pregnancy. This article presents a case of a pregnant woman from Wuhan infected with SARS-CoV-2, including her symptoms, pregnancy outcome, and treatment strategy."}, {"pmid": 32482591, "title": "Swine enteric alphacoronavirus (swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus): An update three years after its discovery.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Yang, Yong-Le", "Yu, Jia-Qi", "Huang, Yao-Wei"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482591", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Discovered in 2017, swine enteric alphacoronavirus (SeACoV), also known as swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) or porcine enteric alphacoronavirus (PEAV), is the fifth porcine CoV identified in diarrheal piglets. The presumed name \"SADS-CoV\" may not be appropriate since current studies have not provided strong evidence for high pathogenicity of the virus. SeACoV was the most recently recognized CoV of potential bat origin prior to the novel human severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2), associated with the pandemic CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although SeACoV is recognized as a regional epizootic virus currently, it possesses the most extensive cell species tropism in vitro among known CoVs. This review summarizes the emergence of SeACoV and updates the research progress made from 2017 to early 2020, mainly focusing on the etiology, epidemiology, evolutionary perspective, potential for interspecies transmission, pathogenesis and diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32315980, "pmcid": "PMC7156942", "title": "COVID-19 in a MS patient treated with ocrelizumab: does immunosuppression have a protective role?", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Novi, Giovanni", "Mikulska, Malgorzata", "Briano, Federica", "Toscanini, Federica", "Tazza, Francesco", "Uccelli, Antonio", "Inglese, Matilde"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315980", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a novel disease entity that is spreading throughout the world. It has been speculated that patients with comorbidities and elderly patients could be at high risk for respiratory insufficiency and death. Immunosuppression could expose infected patients to even higher risks of disease complications due to dampened immune response. However, it has been speculated that overactive immune response could drive clinical deterioration and, based on this hypothesis, several immunosuppressants are currently being tested as potential treatment for COVID-19. In this paper we report on a patient that has been treated with ocrelizumab (a B-cell depleting monoclonal antibody) for primary progressive multiple sclerosis who developed COVID-19. Despite complete B cell depletion, patient symptoms abated few days after hospitalization, and he was discharged to home-quarantine. Phone interview follow-up confirmed that, after 14 days, no new symptoms occurred. This report supports the putative role of immunosuppressive therapy in COVID-19 affected patients."}, {"pmid": 32307519, "pmcid": "PMC7188158", "title": "Documented early circulation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Florida, USA, since February 2020.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Miglietta, Alessandro", "Levi, Miriam"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307519", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this Update, we document the circulation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Florida, USA, since February 2020. On 8th March 2020, a confirmed case of COVID-19 was notified to the Health Authority of Central Tuscany, Florence, Italy. The patient developed symptoms on 3rd March while staying in Miami where he arrived on 12th February. The case returned to Italy on 6th March and was admitted to a local hospital of Florence on 7th March with fever (38.2\u00b0C/100.4\u00b0F), cough and breathing difficulties. First COVID-19 cases in Florida where confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on 2nd March as imported cases. Therefore, this event documents COVID-19 circulation in Florida at least since mid-February 2020."}, {"pmid": 32122250, "pmcid": "PMC7067171", "title": "Public's early response to the novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Zhan, Siyi", "Yang, Ying Ying", "Fu, Chuanxi"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286213, "title": "[Fatal outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 in a previously healthy 50-year-old man].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Wissenberg, Mads", "Andersen, Lars Peter Kloster", "Pallisgaard, Jannik Langtved", "Lawson-Smith, Pia"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286213", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this case report, a 50-year-old man who had no medical history, presented with multiple cardiac arrests following a week with progressing symptoms of pneumonia. After achieving return of spontaneous circulation he presented with respiratory failure with severe hypoxia, septic shock, and multiple organ failure. A chest X-ray showed signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Despite aggressive intensive care management, the patient died 7.5 hours after admission. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was later confirmed, and the presumed cause of death was SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. In conclusion: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to a fatal outcome in younger healthy residents, who are not treated timely in case of severe symptoms like dyspnoea."}, {"pmid": 32383014, "pmcid": "PMC7205479", "title": "Covid-19 diffusion in a neurosurgical \"clean\" department: the asymptomatic Trojan horse.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Rustemi, Oriela", "Segna, Alessandro", "Zanusso, Mariano", "Volpin, Lorenzo", "Raneri, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383014", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416976, "pmcid": "PMC7205663", "title": "Re: Kristian D. Stensland, Todd M. Morgan, Alireza Moinzadeh, et al. Considerations in the Triage of Urologic Surgeries During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.027: The Forgotten Urological Patient During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Patient Safety Safeguards.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Tan, Yi Quan", "Lu, Jirong", "Chiong, Edmund"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416976", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419024, "title": "Epidemic curve and reproduction number of COVID-19 in Iran.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Sahafizadeh, Ebrahim", "Sartoli, Samaneh"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419024", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was first reported in Iran on 19 February, 2020. We estimated the initial basic reproduction number to be 4.86. With increasingly stringent public health measures, the effective reproduction number declined to below 1 after 2\u00a0months."}, {"pmid": 32395910, "pmcid": "PMC7272939", "title": "Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Patients With COVID-19: Pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, or Something Else?", "journal": "J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["Soldati, Gino", "Giannasi, Gianfranco", "Smargiassi, Andrea", "Inchingolo, Riccardo", "Demi, Libertario"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395910", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a very heterogeneous disease. Some aspects of COVID-19 pneumonia question the real nature of ground glass opacities and its consolidative lesions. It has been hypothesized that COVID-19 lung involvement could represent not only a viral effect but also an immune response induced by the infection, causing epithelial/endothelial lesions and coagulation disorders. We report 3 cases of COVID-19 pneumonia in which contrast-enhanced ultrasound was suggestive of consolidations with perfusion defects, at least in part caused by ischemic or necrotic changes and not only by inflammatory or atelectasis events."}, {"pmid": 32434624, "pmcid": "PMC7264455", "title": "Cultural Challenges: The Most Important Challenge of COVID-19 Control Policies in Iran.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Jafari, Hamid", "Amiri Gharaghani, Majid"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434624", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448880, "title": "[Gymnastics-sports activities: health benefits in emergency period CoViD-19. How to organize a quick shot.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Regis, Guido"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448880", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Regular physical activity grants significant health effects and lowers the risk of premature death for all causes, in particular cardiovascular ones in asymptomatic subjects. Physical activity is useful in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and lung diseases, metabolic diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, cancer and depression. Recent studies correlate inactivity with chronic low-grade inflammation and obesity, at the origin of chronic non-communicable diseases. The evidence must be taken seriously into consideration in this particular CoViD-19 emergency period and long-term effects of prolonged limitation of sports activity must not be overlooked. Contagion in open places is very difficult and the absolute prohibition of sports activities in open places and the closure of parks are creating discomfort and confusion. Institutions and media are generating the wrong message that active people must be looked at with disapproval. Instead, this habit should be encouraged, in order to protect citizens' and community health, lightening the welfare load for society."}, {"pmid": 32247931, "pmcid": "PMC7270728", "title": "Incidence of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection among people under home quarantine in Shenzhen, China.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Jingzhong", "Liao, Yi", "Wang, Xiaoyang", "Li, Yichong", "Jiang, Dan", "He, Jianfan", "Zhang, Shunxiang", "Xia, Junjie"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247931", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of 2019-nCoV in December, Chinese government has implemented various measures including travel bans, centralized treatments, and home quarantines to slowing the transmission across the country. In this study, we aimed to estimate the incidence of 2019-nCoV infection among people under home quarantine in Shenzhen, China. We used a stratified multistage random sampling method to recruit participants and collected demographic information and laboratory results of people under home quarantine. We conducted descriptive analysis to estimate the basic characteristics and to calculate the incidence in out study population. A total of 2004 people under home quarantine participated in this study, of which 1637 participants finished the questionnaire with a response rate of 81.7%. Mean age of the participants was 33.7 years, ranging from 0.3 to 80.2 years. Of people who provided clear travel history, 129 people have traveled to Wuhan city and 1,046 people have traveled to other cities in Hubei province within 14 days before the home quarantine. Few (less than 1%) participants reported contact history with confirmed or suspected cases during their trip and most of these arrived at Shenzhen between Jan 24, 2020 to Jan 27, 2020. The incidence of COVID-19 in the sample was 1.5\u2030 (95% CI: 0.31\u2030-4.37\u2030). Home quarantine has been effective in preventing the early transmission of COVID-19, but that more needs to be done to improve early detection of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32326343, "pmcid": "PMC7221591", "title": "Can Nanotechnology and Materials Science Help the Fight against SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Nanomaterials (Basel)", "authors": ["Sportelli, Maria Chiara", "Izzi, Margherita", "Kukushkina, Ekaterina A", "Hossain, Syed Imdadul", "Picca, Rosaria Anna", "Ditaranto, Nicoletta", "Cioffi, Nicola"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326343", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since 2004, we have been developing nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties, the so-called nanoantimicrobials. When the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged, we started investigating new and challenging routes to nanoantivirals. The two fields have some important points of contact. We would like to share with the readership our vision of the role a (nano)materials scientist can play in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. As researchers specifically working on surfaces and nanomaterials, in this letter we underline the importance of nanomaterial-based technological solutions in several aspects of the fight against the virus. While great resources are understandably being dedicated to treatment and diagnosis, more efforts could be dedicated to limit the virus spread. Increasing the efficacy of personal protection equipment, developing synergistic antiviral coatings, are only two of the cases discussed. This is not the first nor the last pandemic: our nanomaterials community may offer several technological solutions to challenge the ongoing and future global health emergencies. Readers' feedback and suggestions are warmly encouraged."}, {"pmid": 32381282, "pmcid": "PMC7194847", "title": "Intensive Medicine and Nursing Home Care in Times of SARS CoV-2: A Norwegian Perspective.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Husebo, Bettina S", "Berge, Line I"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381282", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374144, "title": "Re: Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int Braz J Urol", "authors": ["Bertolo, Riccardo", "Cipriani, Chiara", "Vittori, Matteo", "Bove, Pierluigi"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374144", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525049, "title": "Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and COVID-19: Clinical characteristics from a case series.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Benger, Matthew", "Williams, Owain", "Siddiqui, Juveria", "Sztriha, Laszlo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525049", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476547, "title": "Strategic Deployment of Cardiology Fellows-in-Training Using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education COVID-19 Framework.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Gallagher, Michael J", "Bloomingdale, Richard", "Berman, Aaron D", "Williamson, Brian D", "Dixon, Simon R", "Safian, Robert D"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476547", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting more than 3 million people in over 170 countries, resulting in more than 200,000 deaths; 35-40% of patients and deaths are in the United States. The COVID-19 crisis is placing an enormous burden on healthcare in the United States, including residency and fellowship training programs. The balance between mitigation, training and education, and patient care are the ultimate determinants of the role of cardiology fellows-in-training (FIT) during the COVID-19 crisis. On March 24, 2020 the Accreditation Council Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) issued a formal response to the pandemic crisis and described a framework for operation of GME programs. Guidance for deployment of cardiology FIT during the COVID-19 crisis is based on the principles of a medical mission, and adherence to preparation, protection, and support of our FIT. The purpose of this review is to describe our departmental strategic deployment of C-FIT using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) framework for pandemic preparedness."}, {"pmid": 32322478, "pmcid": "PMC7172740", "title": "Efficacy of glutathione therapy in relieving dyspnea associated with COVID-19 pneumonia: A report of 2 cases.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Horowitz, Richard I", "Freeman, Phyllis R", "Bruzzese, James"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322478", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with COVID-19 potentially can result in severe outcomes and death from \"cytokine storm syndrome\", resulting in novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) with severe dyspnea, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), fulminant myocarditis and multiorgan dysfunction with or without disseminated intravascular coagulation. No published treatment to date has been shown to adequately control the inflammation and respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19, apart from oxygen therapy and assisted ventilation. We evaluated the effects of using high dose oral and/or IV glutathione in the treatment of 2 patients with dyspnea secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. Two patients living in New York City (NYC) with a history of Lyme and tick-borne co-infections experienced a cough and dyspnea and demonstrated radiological findings consistent with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). A trial of 2\u202fg of PO or IV glutathione was used in both patients and improved their dyspnea within 1\u202fh of use. Repeated use of both 2000 mg of PO and IV glutathione was effective in further relieving respiratory symptoms. Oral and IV glutathione, glutathione precursors (N-acetyl-cysteine) and alpha lipoic acid may represent a novel treatment approach for blocking NFKappaB and addressing \"cytokine storm syndrome\" and respiratory distress in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32448698, "pmcid": "PMC7174152", "title": "Does nasal screening for Staphylococcus aureus before surgery compromise health care professional safety in the COVID-19 era?", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Mayeur, Nicolas", "Berthoumieu, Pierre", "Charbonneau, Helene"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448698", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449265, "pmcid": "PMC7267080", "title": "Apremilast as a potential treatment option for COVID-19: no symptoms of infection in a psoriatic patient.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Yu Olisova, O", "Anpilogova, E M", "Svistunova, D A"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449265", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454558, "pmcid": "PMC7232074", "title": "[Physical activity during the Covid-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Sci Sports", "authors": ["Kaux, J-F", "Francaux, M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454558", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482685, "title": "Covid-19: Leading statistician welcomes UK government's move to improve testing data.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482685", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467290, "title": "Compensation and hazard pay for key workers during an epidemic: an argument from analogy.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["McConnell, Doug", "Wilkinson, Dominic"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467290", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created unusually challenging and dangerous workplace conditions for key workers. This has prompted calls for key workers to receive a variety of special benefits over and above their normal pay. Here, we consider whether two such benefits are justified: a no-fault compensation scheme for harm caused by an epidemic and hazard pay for the risks and burdens of working during an epidemic. Both forms of benefit are often made available to members of the armed forces for the harms, risks and burdens that come with military service. We argue from analogy that these benefits also ought to be provided to key workers during an epidemic because, like the military, key workers face unavoidable harms, risks and burdens in providing essential public good. The amount of compensation should be proportional to the harm suffered and the amount of hazard pay should be proportional to the risk and burden endured. Therefore, key workers should receive the same amount of compensation and hazard pay as the military where the harms, risks and burdens are equivalent. In the UK, a form of no-fault compensation has recently been made available to the surviving families of key workers who suffer fatal COVID-19 infections. According to our argument, however, it is insufficient because it offers less to key workers than is made available to the families of armed services personnel killed on duty."}, {"pmid": 32358227, "title": "Demystifying BCG Vaccine and COVID-19 Relationship.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Kumar, Jogender", "Meena, Jitendra"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358227", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293018, "title": "[At least 68 vaccine candidates under development].", "journal": "Lakartidningen", "authors": ["Leach, Susannah"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293018", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is progressing at an unparalleled speed. As of the 29th of March, there were at least 68 vaccine candidates comprising several different vaccine designs, including whole killed virus, subunit, attenuated, viral vector, DNA and mRNA vaccines. Whilst it usually takes 10-15 years to develop a vaccine, it has only taken just over 9 weeks from the publication of the viral genetic sequence for the first vaccine candidate to reach clinical testing. Development has been expediated by using existing technological platforms and by performing preclinical and clinical testing simultaneously."}, {"pmid": 32487520, "title": "A brave new world: the new normal for general practice after the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Khan, Nada", "Jones, Daniel", "Grice, Adam", "Alderson, Sarah", "Bradley, Stephen", "Carder, Paul", "Drinkwater, Jessica", "Edwards, Helen", "Essang, Blessing", "Richards, Suzanne", "Neal, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487520", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241897, "pmcid": "PMC7211066", "title": "Practice of endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: position statements of the Asian Pacific Society for Digestive Endoscopy (APSDE-COVID statements).", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Chiu, Philip Wai Yan", "Ng, Siew C", "Inoue, Haruhiro", "Reddy, D Nageshwar", "Ling Hu, Enqiang", "Cho, Joo Young", "Ho, Lawrence Ky", "Hewett, David G", "Chiu, Han-Mo", "Rerknimitr, Rungsun", "Wang, Hsiu-Po", "Ho, Shiaw Hooi", "Seo, Dong Wan", "Goh, Khean-Lee", "Tajiri, Hisao", "Kitano, Seigo", "Chan, Francis K L"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241897", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a global pandemic. Risk of transmission may occur during endoscopy and the goal is to prevent infection among healthcare professionals while providing essential services to patients. Asia was the first continent to have a COVID-19 outbreak, and this position statement of the Asian Pacific Society for Digestive Endoscopy shares our successful experience in maintaining safe and high-quality endoscopy practice at a time when resources are limited. Sixteen experts from key societies of digestive endoscopy in Asia were invited to develop position statements, including patient triage and risk assessment before endoscopy, resource prioritisation and allocation, regular monitoring of personal protective equipment, infection control measures, protective device training and implementation of a strategy for stepwise resumption of endoscopy services after control of the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32442288, "pmcid": "PMC7244988", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 Test Results After Clinical Recovery and Hospital Discharge Among Patients in China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Wu, Jinru", "Liu, Xinyi", "Liu, Jianjun", "Liao, Han", "Long, Sixuan", "Zhou, Ning", "Wu, Pa"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442288", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478942, "title": "Covid-19 infection in psoriasis patients treated with cyclosporin.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Di Lernia, V", "Goldust, M", "Feliciani, C"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409500, "title": "Remote Glucose Monitoring of Hospitalized, Quarantined Patients With Diabetes and COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Shehav-Zaltzman, Gilat", "Segal, Gad", "Konvalina, Noa", "Tirosh, Amir"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409500", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376511, "pmcid": "PMC7196548", "title": "COVID-19: Initial experience of hand surgeons in Northern Italy.", "journal": "Hand Surg Rehabil", "authors": ["Facchin, F", "Messana, F", "Sonda, R", "Faccio, D", "Tiengo, C", "Bassetto, F"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376511", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303472, "pmcid": "PMC7146647", "title": "Acute pulmonary embolism in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Imaging", "authors": ["Cellina, M", "Oliva, G"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303472", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245701, "pmcid": "PMC7138187", "title": "Is traditional Chinese medicine useful in the treatment of COVID-19?", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Kai"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245701", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475831, "title": "Clinical course of COVID-19 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus under long-term treatment with hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Carbillon, Lionel", "Benbara, Amelie", "Boujenah, Jeremy"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475831", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471513, "pmcid": "PMC7256340", "title": "Psychological status and behavior changes of the public during the COVID-19 epidemic in China.", "journal": "Infect Dis Poverty", "authors": ["Liu, Xi", "Luo, Wen-Tao", "Li, Ying", "Li, Chun-Na", "Hong, Zhong-Si", "Chen, Hui-Li", "Xiao, Fei", "Xia, Jin-Yu"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471513", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of pneumonia cases were reported by Wuhan Municipal Health Commission, China in December 2019. A novel coronavirus was eventually identified, and became the COVID-19 epidemic that affected public health and life. We investigated the psychological status and behavior changes of the general public in China from January 30 to February 3, 2020. Respondents were recruited via social media (WeChat) and completed an online questionnaire. We used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Self-rating Depression Scale, and Symptom Checklist-90 to evaluate psychological status. We also investigated respondents' behavior changes. Quantitative data were analyzed by t-tests or analysis of variance, and classified data were analyzed with chi-square tests. In total, 608 valid questionnaires were obtained. More respondents had state anxiety than trait anxiety (15.8% vs 4.0%). Depression was found among 27.1% of respondents and 7.7% had psychological abnormalities. About 10.1% of respondents suffered from phobia. Our analysis of the relationship between subgroup characteristics and psychological status showed that age, gender, knowledge about COVID-19, degree of worry about epidemiological infection, and confidence about overcoming the outbreak significantly influenced psychological status. Around 93.3% of respondents avoided going to public places and almost all respondents reduced Spring Festival-related activities. At least 70.9% of respondents chose to take three or more preventive measures to avoid infection. The three most commonly used prevention measures were making fewer trips outside and avoiding contact (98.0%), wearing a mask (83.7%), and hand hygiene (82.4%). We need to pay more attention to public psychological stress, especially among young people, as they are likely to experience anxiety, depression, and psychological abnormalities. Different psychological interventions could be formulated according to the psychological characteristics of different gender and age groups. The majority of respondents followed specific behaviors required by the authorities, but it will take time to observe the effects of these behaviors on the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32526759, "title": "Predictive Value of Sudden Olfactory Loss in the Diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec", "authors": ["Haehner, Antje", "Draf, Julia", "Drager, Sarah", "de With, Katja", "Hummel, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526759", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent reports suggest that sudden smell loss might be a symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of olfactory loss in an outpatient population who presented to a coronavirus testing center during a 2-week period and to evaluate the diagnostic value of the symptom \"sudden smell loss\" for screening procedures. In this cross-sectional controlled cohort study, 500 patients who presented with symptoms of a common cold to a corona testing center and fulfilled corona testing criteria completed a standardized diagnostic questionnaire which included the patients' main symptoms, time course, and an additional self-assessment of the patients' current smell, taste function, and nasal breathing compared to the level before the onset of symptoms. Out of the 500 patients, 69 presented with olfactory loss. Twenty-two of them subsequently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Only 12 out of the patients without olfactory loss tested positive, resulting in a frequency of 64.7% for the symptom \"sudden smell loss\" in COVID-19 patients. Compared to COVID-19 patients without smell loss, they were significantly younger and less severely affected. Changes in nasal airflow were significantly more pronounced in SARS-CoV-2 negative patients with olfactory complaints compared to the patients with smell loss who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. By excluding patients with a blocked nose, the symptom \"sudden smell loss\" can be attested a high specificity (97%) and a sensitivity of 65% with a positive predictive value of 63% and negative predictive value of 97% for COVID-19. Considering the high frequency of smell loss in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients, acute olfactory impairment should be recognized as an early symptom of the disease and should be tested for on a regular basis. In contrast to other acute viral smell impairment, COVID-19-associated smell loss seems to be only rarely accompanied by a severely blocked nose."}, {"pmid": 32408337, "title": "Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Sit, Thomas H C", "Brackman, Christopher J", "Ip, Sin Ming", "Tam, Karina W S", "Law, Pierra Y T", "To, Esther M W", "Yu, Veronica Y T", "Sims, Leslie D", "Tsang, Dominic N C", "Chu, Daniel K W", "Perera, Ranawaka A P M", "Poon, Leo L M", "Peiris, Malik"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408337", "countries": ["China", "Germany"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan in December 2019 and caused the pandemic respiratory disease,\u00a0COVID-191,2. In 2003, the closely related SARS-CoV had been detected in domestic cats and a dog3. However, little is known about the susceptibility of domestic pet mammals to SARS-CoV-2. Two out of fifteen dogs from households with confirmed human cases of COVID-19 in Hong Kong SAR were found to be infected using quantitative RT-PCR, serology, sequencing the viral genome, and in one dog, virus isolation. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in a 17-year-old neutered male Pomeranian from five nasal swabs collected over a 13-day period. A 2.5-year-old male German Shepherd dog had SARS CoV-2 RNA on two occasions and virus was isolated from nasal and oral swabs. Both dogs had antibody responses detected using plaque reduction neutralization assays. Viral genetic sequences of viruses from the two dogs were identical to the virus detected in the respective human cases. The animals remained asymptomatic during quarantine. The evidence suggests that these are instances of human-to-animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2. It is unclear whether infected dogs can transmit the virus to other animals or back to humans."}, {"pmid": 32521569, "title": "Reply to letter to the editor.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Bayrakdar, Ibrahim Sevki", "Kurt Bayrakdar, Sevda", "Guneri, Pelin"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521569", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We congratulate Mart\u00edn Carreras-Presas et al (2020) for their instructive article presenting cases of oral vesiculobullous lesions associated with SARS-COV-2 infection (Mart\u00edn Carreras-Presas et al., 2020). Furthermore, an irregular ulcer on the tongue (Chaux-Bodard, Deneuve & Desoutter, 2020) and reactivation of oral herpes simplex virus type-1 were reported as intraoral findings of COVID-19 patients, recently (Tang et al., 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32417420, "pmcid": "PMC7224646", "title": "Algorithm for the classification of Covid-19 rashes.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Ortega-Quijano, Daniel", "Jimenez-Cauhe, Juan", "Selda-Enriquez, Gerald", "Fernandez-Guarino, Montserrat", "Fernandez-Nieto, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417420", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219363, "title": "Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System: A Review.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Madjid, Mohammad", "Safavi-Naeini, Payam", "Solomon, Scott D", "Vardeny, Orly"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219363", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached a pandemic level. Coronaviruses are known to affect the cardiovascular system. We review the basics of coronaviruses, with a focus on COVID-19, along with their effects on the cardiovascular system. Coronavirus disease 2019 can cause a viral pneumonia with additional extrapulmonary manifestations and complications. A large proportion of patients have underlying cardiovascular disease and/or cardiac risk factors. Factors associated with mortality include male sex, advanced age, and presence of comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases. Acute cardiac injury determined by elevated high-sensitivity troponin levels is commonly observed in severe cases and is strongly associated with mortality. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is also strongly associated with mortality. Coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with a high inflammatory burden that can induce vascular inflammation, myocarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias. Extensive efforts are underway to find specific vaccines and antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Meanwhile, cardiovascular risk factors and conditions should be judiciously controlled per evidence-based guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32496658, "title": "Reply to: Psychophysical olfactory testing in COVID-19: Is smell function really impaired in nearly all patients?", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Moein, Shima T", "Hashemian, Seyed Mohammad Reza", "Mansourafshar, Babak", "Khorram-Tousi, Ali", "Tabarsi, Payam", "Doty, Richard L"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496658", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484718, "title": "Coronavirus pandemic: how is neurosurgical-oncology practice affected?", "journal": "Br J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Hatiboglu, Mustafa Aziz", "Sinclair, Georges"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484718", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398183, "pmcid": "PMC7261965", "title": "Just the Facts: What are the roles of oxygen escalation and noninvasive ventilation in COVID-19?", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Long, Brit", "Liang, Stephen Y", "Hicks, Christopher", "Gottlieb, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398183", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 37-year-old female presents with cough, fever, dyspnea, and myalgias for five days after recent contact with a family member with confirmed 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Her vital signs include T 38.3\u00b0 C, HR 108, BP 118/70\u00a0mm Hg, RR 26 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation 67% on room air. She is not in respiratory distress currently and is protecting her airway. Her chest X-ray reveals bilateral airspace opacities. You plan to immediately intervene and address her hypoxia."}, {"pmid": 32497510, "pmcid": "PMC7263814", "title": "Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chu, Derek K", "Akl, Elie A", "Duda, Stephanie", "Solo, Karla", "Yaacoub, Sally", "Schunemann, Holger J"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497510", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19 and is spread person-to-person through close contact. We aimed to investigate the effects of physical distance, face masks, and eye protection on virus transmission in health-care and non-health-care (eg, community) settings. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the optimum distance for avoiding person-to-person virus transmission and to assess the use of face masks and eye protection to prevent transmission of viruses. We obtained data for SARS-CoV-2 and the betacoronaviruses that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome, and Middle East respiratory syndrome from 21 standard WHO-specific and COVID-19-specific sources. We searched these data sources from database inception to May 3, 2020, with no restriction by language, for comparative studies and for contextual factors of acceptability, feasibility, resource use, and equity. We screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias in duplicate. We did frequentist and Bayesian meta-analyses and random-effects meta-regressions. We rated the certainty of evidence according to Cochrane methods and the GRADE approach. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020177047. Our search identified 172 observational studies across 16 countries and six continents, with no randomised controlled trials and 44 relevant comparative studies in health-care and non-health-care settings (n=25\u2008697 patients). Transmission of viruses was lower with physical distancing of 1 m or more, compared with a distance of less than 1 m (n=10\u2008736, pooled adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0\u00b718, 95% CI 0\u00b709 to 0\u00b738; risk difference [RD] -10\u00b72%, 95% CI -11\u00b75 to -7\u00b75; moderate certainty); protection was increased as distance was lengthened (change in relative risk [RR] 2\u00b702 per m; pinteraction=0\u00b7041; moderate certainty). Face mask use could result in a large reduction in risk of infection (n=2647; aOR 0\u00b715, 95% CI 0\u00b707 to 0\u00b734, RD -14\u00b73%, -15\u00b79 to -10\u00b77; low certainty), with stronger associations with N95 or similar respirators compared with disposable surgical masks or similar (eg, reusable 12-16-layer cotton masks; pinteraction=0\u00b7090; posterior probability >95%, low certainty). Eye protection also was associated with less infection (n=3713; aOR 0\u00b722, 95% CI 0\u00b712 to 0\u00b739, RD -10\u00b76%, 95% CI -12\u00b75 to -7\u00b77; low certainty). Unadjusted studies and subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed similar findings. The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis support physical distancing of 1 m or more and provide quantitative estimates for models and contact tracing to inform policy. Optimum use of face masks, respirators, and eye protection in public and health-care settings should be informed by these findings and contextual factors. Robust randomised trials are needed to better inform the evidence for these interventions, but this systematic appraisal of currently best available evidence might inform interim guidance. World Health Organization."}, {"pmid": 32396445, "pmcid": "PMC7218357", "title": "Approaching Otolaryngology Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Cui, Chong", "Yao, Qi", "Zhang, Di", "Zhao, Yu", "Zhang, Kun", "Nisenbaum, Eric", "Cao, Pengyu", "Zhao, Keqing", "Huang, Xiaolong", "Leng, Dewen", "Liu, Chunhan", "Li, Ning", "Luo, Yan", "Chen, Bing", "Casiano, Roy", "Weed, Donald", "Sargi, Zoukaa", "Telischi, Fred", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Denneny, James C 3rd", "Shu, Yilai", "Liu, Xuezhong"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396445", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective. To describe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient presentations requiring otolaryngology consultation and provide recommendations for protective measures based on the experience of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) departments in 4 Chinese hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design. Retrospective case series. Setting. Multicenter. Subjects and Methods. Twenty hospitalized COVID-19 patients requiring ENT consultation from 3 designated COVID-19 hospitals in Wuhan, Shanghai, and Shenzhen were identified. Data on demographics, comorbidities, COVID-19 symptoms and severity, consult reason, treatment, and personal protective equipment (PPE) use were collected and analyzed. Infection control strategies implemented for ENT outpatients and emergency room visits at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University were reported. Results. Median age was 63 years, 55% were male, and 95% were in severe or critical condition. Six tracheotomies were performed. Posttracheotomy outcomes were mixed (2 deaths, 2 patients comatose, all living patients still hospitalized). Other consults included epistaxis, pharyngitis, nasal congestion, hyposmia, rhinitis, otitis externa, dizziness, and tinnitus. At all hospitals, powered air-supply filter respirators (PAPRs) were used for tracheotomy or bleeding control. PAPR or N95-equivalent masks plus full protective clothing were used for other complaints. No inpatient ENT providers were infected. After implementation of infection control strategies for outpatient clinics, emergency visits, and surgeries, no providers were infected at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University. Conclusions and Relevance. COVID-19 patients require ENT consultation for many reasons, including tracheotomy. Otolaryngologists play an indispensable role in the treatment of COVID-19 patients but, due to their work, are at high risk of exposure. Appropriate protective strategies can prevent infection of otolaryngologists."}, {"pmid": 32276137, "pmcid": "PMC7139252", "title": "Individual risk management strategy and potential therapeutic options for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Gasmi, Amin", "Noor, Sadaf", "Tippairote, Torsak", "Dadar, Maryam", "Menzel, Alain", "Bjorklund, Geir"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276137", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is an ugly fact that a significant amount of the world's population will contract SARS-CoV-II infection with the current spreading. While a specific treatment is not yet coming soon, individual risk assessment and management strategies are crucial. The individual preventive and protective measures drive the personal risk of getting the disease. Among the virus-contracted hosts, their different metabolic status, as determined by their diet, nutrition, age, sex, medical conditions, lifestyle, and environmental factors, govern the personal fate toward different clinical severity of COVID-19, from asymptomatic, mild, moderate, to death. The careful individual assessment for the possible dietary, nutritional, medical, lifestyle, and environmental risks, together with the proper relevant risk management strategies, is the sensible way to deal with the pandemic of SARS-CoV-II."}, {"pmid": 32523151, "title": "Recommendations for the care of patients with diabetes mellitus with risk factors or established cardiovascular disease and SARS-CoV-2mellitus con factores de riesgo o enfermedad cardiovascular establecida y SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A", "Gutierrez-Fajardo, Pedro", "Sosa-Caballero, Alejandro", "Cabrera-Rayo, Alfredo", "Faradji-Hazan, Raquel N", "Padilla-Padilla, Francisco G", "Garnica-Cuellar, Juan C", "Hernandez-Arispe, Leticia M", "Reyes-Cianeros, Fernando A", "Leon-Suarez, Andres", "de-Jesus-Rivera, Jose", "Mancillas-Adame, Leonardo", "Gaxiola-Macias, Manuel", "Marquez-Rodriguez, Eduardo", "Miranda-Malpica, Emma", "Sanchez-Pedraza, Valentin", "Lara-Martinez, Daniel S", "Segovia-Palomo, Antonio", "Nava-Hernandez, Angeles", "Rivera-Reyes, Romina"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523151", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A review is carried out to examine the risk of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus in the context of general morbidity and mortality and related to infection by SARS-CoV-2. Likewise, the general recommendations for food and the prevention of comorbidities that most these patients suffer most frequently are also studied. Finally, a review of the pharmacological recommendations on both oral and parenteral treatment in the outpatient, in hospitalization and in critical states infected with SARS-CoV-2 is made."}, {"pmid": 32279675, "pmcid": "PMC7180332", "title": "Application and effects of fever screening system in the prevention of nosocomial infection in the only designated hospital of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Shenzhen, China.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Huang, Ting", "Guo, Yinsheng", "Li, Shaxi", "Zheng, Yanqun", "Lei, Lin", "Zeng, Xianhu", "Zhong, Qiao", "Liu, Yingxia", "Liu, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279675", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275124, "pmcid": "PMC7262259", "title": "Handling and Processing of Blood Specimens from Patients with COVID-19 for Safe Studies on Cell Phenotype and Cytokine Storm.", "journal": "Cytometry A", "authors": ["Cossarizza, Andrea", "Gibellini, Lara", "De Biasi, Sara", "Lo Tartaro, Domenico", "Mattioli, Marco", "Paolini, Annamaria", "Fidanza, Lucia", "Bellinazzi, Caterina", "Borella, Rebecca", "Castaniere, Ivana", "Meschiari, Marianna", "Sita, Marco", "Manco, Gianrocco", "Clini, Enrico", "Gelmini, Roberta", "Girardis, Massimo", "Guaraldi, Giovanni", "Mussini, Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275124", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 heavily involves all those working in a laboratory. Samples from known infected patients or donors who are considered healthy can arrive, and a colleague might be asymptomatic but able to transmit the virus. Working in a clinical laboratory is posing several safety challenges. Few years ago, International Society for Advancement of Cytometry published guidelines to safely analyze and sort human samples that were revised in these days. We describe the procedures that we have been following since the first patient appeared in Italy, which have only slightly modified our standard one, being all human samples associated with risks. \u00a9 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry."}, {"pmid": 32312738, "title": "Contraception in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Glob Health Sci Pract", "authors": ["Nanda, Kavita", "Lebetkin, Elena", "Steiner, Markus J", "Yacobson, Irina", "Dorflinger, Laneta J"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312738", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524732, "title": "Worse progression of COVID-19 in men: Is Testosterone a key factor?", "journal": "Andrology", "authors": ["Giagulli, Vito Angelo", "Guastamacchia, Edoardo", "Magrone, Thea", "Jirillo, Emilio", "Lisco, Giuseppe", "De Pergola, Giovanni", "Triggiani, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524732", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to have a worse clinical course among infected men compared to women, thus, highlighting concerns about gender predisposition to serious prognosis. Therefore, androgens, particularly testosterone (T), could be suspected as playing a critical role in driving this excess of risk. However, gonadal function in critically ill men is actually unknown, mainly because serum T concentration is not routinely measured in clinical practice, even more in this clinical context. To overview on possible mechanisms by which serum T levels could affect the progression of COVID-19 in men. Authors searched PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google, and Institutional websites for medical subheading terms and free text words referred to \"SARS-CoV-2\", \"COVID-19\", \"testosterone\", \"male hypogonadism\", \"gender\" \"immune system\", \"obesity\", \"thrombosis\" until May 19th 2020. T, co-regulating the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 in host cells, may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 internalization. Instead, low serum T levels may predispose to endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis and defective immune response, leading to both impaired viral clearance and systemic inflammation. Obesity, one of the leading causes of severe prognosis in infected patients, is strictly associated with functional hypogonadism, and may consistently strengthen the aforementioned alterations, ultimately predisposing to serious respiratory and systemic consequences. T in comparison to estrogen may predispose men to a widespread COVID-19 infection. Low serum levels of T, which should be supposed to characterize the hormonal milieu in seriously ill individuals, may predispose men, especially aged men, to poor prognosis or death. Further studies are needed to confirm these pathophysiological assumptions and to promptly identify adequate therapeutic strategies."}, {"pmid": 32209118, "pmcid": "PMC7093988", "title": "Using the spike protein feature to predict infection risk and monitor the evolutionary dynamic of coronavirus.", "journal": "Infect Dis Poverty", "authors": ["Qiang, Xiao-Li", "Xu, Peng", "Fang, Gang", "Liu, Wen-Bin", "Kou, Zheng"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209118", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus can cross the species barrier and infect humans with a severe respiratory syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 with potential origin of bat is still circulating in China. In this study, a prediction model is proposed to evaluate the infection risk of non-human-origin coronavirus for early warning. The spike protein sequences of 2666 coronaviruses were collected from 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource (2019nCoVR) Database of China National Genomics Data Center on Jan 29, 2020. A total of 507 human-origin viruses were regarded as positive samples, whereas 2159 non-human-origin viruses were regarded as negative. To capture the key information of the spike protein, three feature encoding algorithms (amino acid composition, AAC; parallel correlation-based pseudo-amino-acid composition, PC-PseAAC and G-gap dipeptide composition, GGAP) were used to train 41 random forest models. The optimal feature with the best performance was identified by the multidimensional scaling method, which was used to explore the pattern of human coronavirus. The 10-fold cross-validation results showed that well performance was achieved with the use of the GGAP (g\u2009=\u20093) feature. The predictive model achieved the maximum ACC of 98.18% coupled with the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.9638. Seven clusters for human coronaviruses (229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) were found. The cluster for SARS-CoV-2 was very close to that for SARS-CoV, which suggests that both of viruses have the same human receptor (angiotensin converting enzyme II). The big gap in the distance curve suggests that the origin of SARS-CoV-2 is not clear and further surveillance in the field should be made continuously. The smooth distance curve for SARS-CoV suggests that its close relatives still exist in nature and public health is challenged as usual. The optimal feature (GGAP, g\u2009=\u20093) performed well in terms of predicting infection risk and could be used to explore the evolutionary dynamic in a simple, fast and large-scale manner. The study may be beneficial for the surveillance of the genome mutation of coronavirus in the field."}, {"pmid": 32342050, "pmcid": "PMC7183983", "title": "COVID-19 STEMI 2020: It's Not What You Know, It's How You Think.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Vidovich, Mladen I", "Fischman, David L", "Bates, Eric R"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342050", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423024, "title": "The Rationale for Potential Pharmacotherapy of COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharmaceuticals (Basel)", "authors": ["Saber-Ayad, Maha", "Saleh, Mohamed A", "Abu-Gharbieh, Eman"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423024", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 11 March 2020, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was defined by the World Health Organization as a pandemic. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the newly evolving human coronavirus infection that causes COVID-19, and it first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and spread rapidly all over the world. COVID-19 is being increasingly investigated through virology, epidemiology, and clinical management strategies. There is currently no established consensus on the standard of care in the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19 patients. However, certain medications suggested for other diseases have been shown to be potentially effective for treating this infection, though there has yet to be clear evidence. Therapies include new agents that are currently tested in several clinical trials, in addition to other medications that have been repurposed as antiviral and immune-modulating therapies. Previous high-morbidity human coronavirus epidemics such as the 2003 SARS-CoV and the 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) prompted the identification of compounds that could theoretically be active against the emerging coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, advances in molecular biology techniques and computational analysis have allowed for the better recognition of the virus structure and the quicker screening of chemical libraries to suggest potential therapies. This review aims to summarize rationalized pharmacotherapy considerations in COVID-19 patients in order to serve as a tool for health care professionals at the forefront of clinical care during this pandemic. All the reviewed therapies require either additional drug development or randomized large-scale clinical trials to be justified for clinical use."}, {"pmid": 32416600, "pmcid": "PMC7206434", "title": "Comparison of seven commercial RT-PCR diagnostic kits for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["van Kasteren, Puck B", "van der Veer, Bas", "van den Brink, Sharon", "Wijsman, Lisa", "de Jonge, Jorgen", "van den Brandt, Annemarie", "Molenkamp, Richard", "Reusken, Chantal B E M", "Meijer, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416600", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The final months of 2019 witnessed the emergence of a novel coronavirus in the human population. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has since spread across the globe and is posing a major burden on society. Measures taken to reduce its spread critically depend on timely and accurate identification of virus-infected individuals by the most sensitive and specific method available, i.e. real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Many commercial kits have recently become available, but their performance has not yet been independently assessed. The aim of this study was to compare basic analytical and clinical performance of selected RT-PCR kits from seven different manufacturers (Altona Diagnostics, BGI, CerTest Biotec, KH Medical, PrimerDesign, R-Biopharm AG, and Seegene). We used serial dilutions of viral RNA to establish PCR efficiency and estimate the 95 % limit of detection (LOD95). Furthermore, we ran a panel of SARS-CoV-2-positive clinical samples (n = 13) for a preliminary evaluation of clinical sensitivity. Finally, we used clinical samples positive for non-coronavirus respiratory viral infections (n = 6) and a panel of RNA from related human coronaviruses to evaluate assay specificity. PCR efficiency was \u226596 % for all assays and the estimated LOD95 varied within a 6-fold range. Using clinical samples, we observed some variations in detection rate between kits. Importantly, none of the assays showed cross-reactivity with other respiratory (corona)viruses, except as expected for the SARS-CoV-1 E-gene. We conclude that all RT-PCR kits assessed in this study may be used for routine diagnostics of COVID-19 in patients by experienced molecular diagnostic laboratories."}, {"pmid": 32464642, "title": "Myocardial injury in severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Jaffe, Allan S", "Cleland, John G F", "Katus, Hugo A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464642", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279908, "pmcid": "PMC7128661", "title": "Is the ACE2 Overexpression a Risk Factor for COVID-19 Infection?", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Gracia-Ramos, Abraham Edgar"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279908", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, a higher proportion of patients with severe disease were found in older persons with comorbidities. This observation has been related to the use of drugs that can increase the cellular expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that has been recognized as target to which the virus bind to cells. Although this hypothesis is possible, it may also have other explanations which are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32345617, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with large-vessel vasculitis in Italy: a monocentric survey.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Tomelleri, Alessandro", "Sartorelli, Silvia", "Campochiaro, Corrado", "Baldissera, Elena Marina", "Dagna, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345617", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32156332, "pmcid": "PMC7068161", "title": "Potential scenarios for the progression of a COVID-19 epidemic in the European Union and the European Economic Area, March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Johnson, Helen C", "Gossner, Celine M", "Colzani, Edoardo", "Kinsman, John", "Alexakis, Leonidas", "Beaute, Julien", "Wurz, Andrea", "Tsolova, Svetla", "Bundle, Nick", "Ekdahl, Karl"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156332", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Two months after the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the possibility of established and widespread community transmission in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) is becoming more likely. We provide scenarios for use in preparedness for a possible widespread epidemic. The EU/EEA is moving towards the 'limited sustained transmission' phase. We propose actions to prepare for potential mitigation phases and coordinate efforts to protect the health of citizens."}, {"pmid": 32350026, "pmcid": "PMC7217652", "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome related to COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Alberti, Paola", "Beretta, Simone", "Piatti, Marco", "Karantzoulis, Aristotelis", "Piatti, Maria Luisa", "Santoro, Patrizia", "Vigano, Martina", "Giovannelli, Ginevra", "Pirro, Fiammetta", "Montisano, Danilo Antonio", "Appollonio, Ildebrando", "Ferrarese, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350026", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356322, "pmcid": "PMC7267346", "title": "Special considerations in the management of patients with myelodysplastic myndrome / myeloproliferative neoplasm overlap syndromes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Patnaik, Mrinal M", "Lasho, Terra", "Padron, Eric", "McCullough, Kristen", "Al-Kali, Aref", "Tefferi, Ayalew", "Zeidan, Amer M", "Gangat, Naseema", "Savona, Michael", "Steensma, David P", "Solary, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356322", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504945, "pmcid": "PMC7255149", "title": "Alltest rapid lateral flow immunoassays is reliable in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection from 14 days after symptom onset: A prospective single-center study.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Perez-Garcia, Felipe", "Perez-Tanoira, Ramon", "Romanyk, Juan", "Arroyo, Teresa", "Gomez-Herruz, Pena", "Cuadros-Gonzalez, Juan"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504945", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis is challenging in patients from 2 to 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms, due to the low positivity rate of the PCR. Serologic tests could be complementary to PCR in these situations. The aim of our study was to analyze the diagnostic performance of one serologic rapid test in COVID-19 patients. We evaluated a lateral flow immunoassay (AllTest COVID-19 IgG/IgM) which detects IgG and IgM antibodies. We validated the serologic test using serum samples from 100 negative patients (group 1) and 90 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by PCR (group 2). Then, we prospectively evaluated the test in 61 patients with clinical diagnosis of pneumonia of unknown etiology that were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR (group 3). All 100 patients from group 1 were negative for the serologic test (specificity = 100 %). Regarding group 2 (PCR-positive), the median time from their symptom onset until testing was 17 days. For these 90 group-2 patients, the test was positive for either IgM or IgG in 58 (overall sensitivity = 64.4 %), and in patients tested 14 days or more after the onset of symptoms, the sensitivity was 88.0 %. Regarding the 61 group-3 patients, median time after symptom onset was also 17 days, and the test was positive in 54 (88.5 % positivity). Our study shows that Alltest lateral flow immunoassay is reliable as a complement of PCR to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection after 14 days from the onset of symptoms and in patients with pneumonia and negative PCR for SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32396126, "title": "Predicting COVID-19 in China Using Hybrid AI Model.", "journal": "IEEE Trans Cybern", "authors": ["Zheng, Nanning", "Du, Shaoyi", "Wang, Jianji", "Zhang, He", "Cui, Wenting", "Kang, Zijian", "Yang, Tao", "Lou, Bin", "Chi, Yuting", "Long, Hong", "Ma, Mei", "Yuan, Qi", "Zhang, Shupei", "Zhang, Dong", "Ye, Feng", "Xin, Jingmin"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396126", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) breaking out in late December 2019 is gradually being controlled in China, but it is still spreading rapidly in many other countries and regions worldwide. It is urgent to conduct prediction research on the development and spread of the epidemic. In this article, a hybrid artificial-intelligence (AI) model is proposed for COVID-19 prediction. First, as traditional epidemic models treat all individuals with coronavirus as having the same infection rate, an improved susceptible-infected (ISI) model is proposed to estimate the variety of the infection rates for analyzing the transmission laws and development trend. Second, considering the effects of prevention and control measures and the increase of the public's prevention awareness, the natural language processing (NLP) module and the long short-term memory (LSTM) network are embedded into the ISI model to build the hybrid AI model for COVID-19 prediction. The experimental results on the epidemic data of several typical provinces and cities in China show that individuals with coronavirus have a higher infection rate within the third to eighth days after they were infected, which is more in line with the actual transmission laws of the epidemic. Moreover, compared with the traditional epidemic models, the proposed hybrid AI model can significantly reduce the errors of the prediction results and obtain the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) with 0.52%, 0.38%, 0.05%, and 0.86% for the next six days in Wuhan, Beijing, Shanghai, and countrywide, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32191259, "pmcid": "PMC7082763", "title": "Characteristics and Outcomes of 21 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 in Washington State.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Arentz, Matt", "Yim, Eric", "Klaff, Lindy", "Lokhandwala, Sharukh", "Riedo, Francis X", "Chong, Maria", "Lee, Melissa"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191259", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387004, "pmcid": "PMC7252186", "title": "Digital physical therapy in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Braz J Phys Ther", "authors": ["Dantas, Lucas Ogura", "Barreto, Rodrigo Py Goncalves", "Ferreira, Cristine Homsi Jorge"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32197787, "pmcid": "PMC7102628", "title": "Practical recommendations for the perioperative management of the patient with suspection or serious infection by coronavirus SARS-CoV.", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Montero Feijoo, A", "Maseda, E", "Adalia Bartolome, R", "Aguilar, G", "Gonzalez de Castro, R", "Gomez-Herreras, J I", "Garcia Palenciano, C", "Pereira, J", "Ramasco Rueda, F", "Samso, E", "Suarez de la Rica, A", "Tamayo Medel, G", "Varela Duran, M"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197787", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Health and health Commission (Hubei Province, China) reported a series of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology. On January 7, 2020, the Chinese authorities identified as a causative agent of the outbreak a new type of virus of the Coronaviridiae family, called SARS-CoV-2. Since then, thounsands of cases have been reported with global dissemination. Infections in humans cause a broad clinical spectrum ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection, to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. There is not specific treatment for SARS-CoV-2, which is why the fundamental aspects are to establish adequate prevention measures and support treatment and management of complications."}, {"pmid": 32522754, "title": "Pneumatosis intestinalis in COVID-19.", "journal": "BMJ Open Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Meini, Simone", "Zini, Chiara", "Passaleva, Maria Teresa", "Frullini, Anna", "Fusco, Francesca", "Carpi, Roberto", "Piani, Fiorella"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522754", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a respiratory illness due to novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), described in December 2019 in Wuhan (China) and rapidly evolved into a pandemic. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract can also be involved. A 44-year-old man was hospitalised for COVID-19-associated pneumonia. A rapid recovery of respiratory and general symptoms was observed after 1\u2009week of treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine and broad-spectrum antibiotics (piperacillin-tazobactam plus teicoplanin). No GI symptoms were reported during hospitalisation, but a lung contrast-enhancement CT (CE-CT) excluding thromboembolism showed, as collateral finding, intraperitoneal free bubbles not present on a previous CT examination; the subsequent abdominal CE-CT described pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) involving the caecum and the right colon. Ciprofloxacin plus metronidazole was started, and the 2-week follow-up CT showed the complete resolution of PI. The pathogenesis of PI is poorly understood. PI involving the caecum and right colon has been described for HIV and Cytomegalovirus infections, but, to our best knowledge, never before in COVID-19. We hypothesise a multifactorial aetiopathogenesis for PI, with a possible role of the bowel wall damage and microbiota impairment due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and we suggest a conservative management in the absence of symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32502937, "pmcid": "PMC7244411", "title": "COVID-19 spread: The Italian case.", "journal": "Respir Med Res", "authors": ["Harari, S", "Vitacca, M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502937", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417070, "pmcid": "PMC7211678", "title": "Pandemic preparedness of community pharmacies for COVID-19.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Bahlol, Mohamed", "Dewey, Rebecca Susan"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417070", "countries": ["Egypt"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Community pharmacies provide an important healthcare service, which is broadly established, and constitutes the preferred and initial contact for members of the community. The significant value of community pharmacies was further highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The assessment of community pharmacies preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional interview survey of 1018 community pharmacies working in four regions of Egypt (South, East, Centre, and North). Data collection was conducted from 8-19 April 2020. Availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and medication was better than alcohol (70% conc.). Home delivery services were available in 49.1% of pharmacies. Infection control measures covering interactions between staff were in place in up to 99.5% of pharmacies. Conversely, there was less frequent availability of contactless payment (29.1%), hand sanitizers (62.1%) or masks (86.5%) for customer use, or a separate area for patients with suspected COVID-19 (64%). Verbal customer education (90.4%) was used preferably to written (81.3%). Despite high clinical knowledge and awareness (97.6%-99.2%), only 8.8% of pharmacists had reported suspected COVID-19 cases, however this varied significantly with pharmacist demographics (geographic region P\u00a0<\u00a00.001; pandemic training p\u00a0<\u00a00.001; position p\u00a0=\u00a00.019; age p\u00a0=\u00a00.046). Government and policymakers strive to mitigate the shortage of PPE and medication. More attention should be given to infection control measures around interactions between staff and customers to ensure community pharmacists are fit and able to provide continuity in their important role. Educating customers using regularly-updated posters, banners or signs will contribute to decreasing contact with patients, and reducing the number and duration of visits to the pharmacy. Pandemic preparedness of community pharmacists must also extend to reporting procedures. By avoiding under-reporting or over-reporting, community pharmacists will contribute to accurate monitoring of the national spread of infection."}, {"pmid": 32302561, "pmcid": "PMC7161511", "title": "COVID-19: Navigating Uncertainties Together.", "journal": "Cell", "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302561", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317257, "title": "Saliva as a non-invasive specimen for detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Williams, Eloise", "Bond, Katherine", "Zhang, Bowen", "Putland, Mark", "Williamson, Deborah A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317257", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diagnostic testing for COVID-19 is central to controlling the global pandemic. \u2026."}, {"pmid": 32247211, "pmcid": "PMC7102587", "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Singh, Akriti", "Shaikh, Altamash", "Singh, Ritu", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247211", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No drugs are currently approved for Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), although some have been tried. In view of recent studies and discussion on chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), we aimed to review existing literature and relevant websites regarding these drugs and COVID-19, adverse effects related to drugs, and related guidelines. We systematically searched the PubMed database up till March 21, 2020 and retrieved all the articles published on chloroquine and HCQ and COVID-19. Two small human studies have been conducted with both these drugs in COVID-19, and have shown significant improvement in some parameters in patients with COVID-19. Considering minimal risk upon use, a long experience of use in other diseases, cost-effectiveness and easy availability across India, we propose that both these drugs are worthy of fast track clinical trial for treatment, and may be carefully considered for clinical use as experimental drugs. Since HCQ has been approved for treatment of diabetes in India, it should be further researched in diabetes and COVID-19, a subgroup where significant mortality has been shown."}, {"pmid": 32228364, "pmcid": "PMC7233380", "title": "Radiology Department Preparedness for COVID-19: Facing an Unexpected Outbreak of the Disease.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Orsi, Marcello Alessandro", "Oliva, Antonio Giancarlo", "Cellina, Michaela"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228364", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470513, "pmcid": "PMC7250547", "title": "Declining Admissions for Acute Cardiovascular Illness: The Covid-19 Paradox.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Ebinger, Joseph E", "Shah, Prediman K"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470513", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491306, "title": "The different tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19 - A review in Brazil so far.", "journal": "JBRA Assist Reprod", "authors": ["Laureano, Ana Flavia Santarine", "Riboldi, Marcia"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491306", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus from the coronavirus family that emerged in the end of December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The virus is now widespread and causing the current pandemic of COVID-19, a highly pathogenic viral pneumonia, commonly presented with fever and cough, which frequently lead to lower respiratory tract disease with poor clinical outcomes associated with older age and underlying health conditions. Supportive care for patients is typically the standard protocol because no specific effective antiviral therapies have been identified so far. The current outbreak is challenging governments and health authorities all over the world. In here we present a comparison among the current diagnostic tools and kits being used to test Brazilian population."}, {"pmid": 32255713, "title": "Maxillofacial Trauma Management During COVID-19: Multidisciplinary Recommendations.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Edwards, Sean P", "Kasten, Steve", "Nelson, Christine", "Elner, Vic", "McKean, Erin"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255713", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306042, "pmcid": "PMC7188180", "title": "Testing for SARS-CoV-2: Can We Stop at Two?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lee, Tau Hong", "Lin, Ray Junhao", "Lin, Raymond T P", "Barkham, Timothy", "Rao, Pooja", "Leo, Yee-Sin", "Lye, David Chien", "Young, Barnaby"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306042", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic requires accurate identification and isolation of confirmed cases for effective control. This report describes the effectiveness of our testing strategy and highlights the importance of repeat testing in suspect cases in our cohort."}, {"pmid": 32419721, "pmcid": "PMC7224642", "title": "Evidenced-based best practice advice for patients treated with systemic immunosuppressants in relation to COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Dermatol", "authors": ["Galimberti, Fabrizio", "McBride, Jeffrey", "Cronin, Megan", "Li, Yumeng", "Fox, Joshua", "Abrouk, Michael", "Herbst, Alexander", "Kirsner, Robert S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419721", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic led to significant uncertainty among physicians and patients about the safety of immunosuppressive medications used for the management of dermatologic conditions. We review available data on commonly used immunosuppressants and their effect on viral infections beyond COVID-19. Notably, the effect of some immunosuppressants on viruses related to SARS-CoV2, including SARS and MERS, has been previously investigated. In the absence of data on the effect of immunosuppressants on COVID-19, these data could be used to make clinical decisions on initiation and continuation of immunosuppressive medications during this pandemic. In summary, we recommend considering the discontinuation of oral JAK inhibitors and prednisone, considering the delay of rituximab infusion, and the careful continuation of cyclosporine, mycophenolate, azathioprine, methotrexate, and biologics in patients currently benefitting from such treatments."}, {"pmid": 32515366, "title": "PMA leading a multilateral fight against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Sajjad, S M Qaisar"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515366", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276333, "pmcid": "PMC7177594", "title": "Development of a Novel, Genome Subtraction-Derived, SARS-CoV-2-Specific COVID-19-nsp2 Real-Time RT-PCR Assay and Its Evaluation Using Clinical Specimens.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "Ho, Chi-Chun", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Chan, Helen Shuk-Ying", "Wong, Sally Cheuk-Ying", "Leung, Kit-Hang", "Fung, Agnes Yim-Fong", "Ng, Anthony Chin-Ki", "Zou, Zijiao", "Tam, Anthony Raymond", "Chung, Tom Wai-Hin", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin", "Tsui, Stephen Kwok Wing", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276333", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic novel coronavirus infection, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), has affected at least 190 countries or territories, with 465,915 confirmed cases and 21,031 deaths. In a containment-based strategy, rapid, sensitive and specific testing is important in epidemiological control and clinical management. Using 96 SARS-CoV-2 and 104 non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus genomes and our in-house program, GolayMetaMiner, four specific regions longer than 50 nucleotides in the SARS-CoV-2 genome were identified. Primers were designed to target the longest and previously untargeted nsp2 region and optimized as a probe-free real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The new COVID-19-nsp2 assay had a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.8 TCID50/mL and did not amplify other human-pathogenic coronaviruses and respiratory viruses. Assay reproducibility in terms of cycle threshold (Cp) values was satisfactory, with the total imprecision (% CV) values well below 5%. Evaluation of the new assay using 59 clinical specimens from 14 confirmed cases showed 100% concordance with our previously developed COVID-19-RdRp/Hel reference assay. A rapid, sensitive, SARS-CoV-2-specific real-time RT-PCR assay, COVID-19-nsp2, was developed."}, {"pmid": 32319971, "title": "Anosmia as a prominent symptom of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Rhinology", "authors": ["Heidari, F", "Karimi, E", "Firouzifar, M", "Khamushian, P", "Ansari, R", "Mohammadi Ardehali, M", "Heidari, F"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319971", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "United Kingdom", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to WHO recommendations, everyone must protect themselves against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which will also protect others. Due to the lack of current effective treatment and vaccine for COVID-19, screening, rapid diagnosis and isolation of the patients are essential (1, 2). Therefore, identifying the early symptoms of COVID-19 is of particular importance and is a health system priority. Early studies from COVID-19 outbreak in China have illustrated several non-specific signs and symptoms in infected patients, including fever, dry cough, dyspnea, myalgia, fatigue, lymphopenia, and radiographic evidence of pneumonia (3, 4). Recently, a probability of association between COVID-19 and altered olfactory function has been reported in South Korea, Iran, Italy, France, UK and the United States (5-8). However, to our knowledge, the definite association between COVID-19 and anosmia has not been published."}, {"pmid": 32319029, "pmcid": "PMC7172385", "title": "Patient self-proning with high-flow nasal cannula improves oxygenation in COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Slessarev, Marat", "Cheng, Jason", "Ondrejicka, Michaela", "Arntfield, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319029", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517519, "title": "Seizing the Moment: Policy Advocacy to End Mass Incarceration in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Educ Behav", "authors": ["Minkler, Meredith", "Griffin, Joseph", "Wakimoto, Patricia"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517519", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The mass human and economic casualties wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic laid bare the deep inequities at the base of the disproportionate losses and suffering experienced by diverse U.S. populations. But the urgency and enormity of unmet needs requiring bold policy action also provided a unique opportunity to learn from and partner with community-based organizations that often are at the frontlines of such work. Following a review of Kingdon's model of the policy-making process, we illustrate how a partnership in a large California county navigated the streams in the policy-making process and used the window of opportunity provided by the pandemic to address a major public health problem: the incarceration of over 2 million people, disproportionately African American and Latinx, in overcrowded, unsafe jails, prisons, and detention centers. We highlight tactics and strategies used, challenges faced, and implications for health educators as policy advocates during and beyond the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32452123, "pmcid": "PMC7267084", "title": "Children with cancer in the time of COVID-19: An 8-week report from the six pediatric onco-hematology centers in Lombardia, Italy.", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Ferrari, Andrea", "Zecca, Marco", "Rizzari, Carmelo", "Porta, Fulvio", "Provenzi, Massimo", "Marinoni, Maddalena", "Schumacher, Richard Fabian", "Luksch, Roberto", "Terenziani, Monica", "Casanova, Michela", "Spreafico, Filippo", "Chiaravalli, Stefano", "Compagno, Francesca", "Bruni, Federica", "Piccolo, Chiara", "Bettini, Laura", "D'Angio, Mariella", "Ferrari, Giulia Maria", "Biondi, Andrea", "Massimino, Maura", "Balduzzi, Adriana"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452123", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353457, "pmcid": "PMC7184993", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and personal protective equipment shortage: protective efficacy comparing masks and scientific methods for respirator reuse.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Boskoski, Ivo", "Gallo, Camilla", "Wallace, Michael B", "Costamagna, Guido"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353457", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The abrupt outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 and its rapid spread over many healthcare systems throughout the world has led to a shortage in personal protective equipment (PPE), which cannot be solved by reducing their use or by increasing production. It is thus necessary to promote PPE rational use, highlighting possible differences in terms of efficacy and promoting an effective technique to reuse them. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar, and from the 25 top cited articles, 15 were selected for relevance and impact. Most studies on previous respiratory virus epidemics to date suggest surgical masks are not inferior compared with N95 respirators in terms of protective efficacy among healthcare workers. Therefore, the use of N95 respirators should be limited to high-risk situations. Concerning respirator reuse, highly energetic, short-wave, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) at 254 nm was determined to decontaminate N95 respirators from viral respiratory agents, but UVGI requires careful consideration of the type of respirator and of the biologic target. Rational use and successful reuse of respirators can help in the shortage of PPE during a pandemic. Further studies testing UVGI and other decontamination techniques are an unmet need. The definitive answer to pandemic issues can be found in artificial intelligence and deep learning. These groundbreaking modalities could help in identifying high-risk patients and in suggesting appropriate types and use of PPE."}, {"pmid": 32340538, "title": "Tracheostomy Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Goldman, Richard A", "Swendseid, Brian", "Chan, Jason Y K", "Lewandowski, Michelle", "Adams, Jacqueline", "Purcell, Monica", "Cognetti, David M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to unprecedented demands on the modern health care system, and the highly contagious nature of the virus has led to particular concerns of infection among health care workers and transmission within health care facilities. While strong data regarding the transmissibility of the infection are not yet widely available, preliminary information suggests risk of transmission among asymptomatic individuals, including those within health care facilities. We believe that the presence of a tracheostomy or laryngectomy stoma poses a unique risk of droplet and aerosol spread particularly among patients with unsuspected infection. At our institution, guidelines for the care of open airways were developed by a multidisciplinary open airway working group, and here we review those recommendations to provide practical guidance to other institutions."}, {"pmid": 32438943, "title": "A Call for Consistency in Official Naming of the Disease Caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Non-English Languages.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Dong, Lu", "Li, Zhe", "Fung, Isaac Chun-Hai"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438943", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453355, "title": "Emerging Lessons From COVID-19 Response in New York City.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Chokshi, Dave A", "Katz, Mitchell H"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453355", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522074, "title": "Laboratory Biosafety Considerations of SARS-CoV-2 at Biosafety Level 2.", "journal": "Health Secur", "authors": ["Wang, Kaijin", "Zhu, Xuetong", "Xu, Jiancheng"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522074", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was first detected in Wuhan, China. Recent studies have updated the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 continuously. In China, diagnostic tests and laboratory tests of specimens from persons under investigation are usually performed in a biosafety level 2 environment. Laboratory staff may be at greater risk of exposure due to a higher concentration and invasiveness of emerging pathogens. Current infection prevention strategies are based on lessons learned from severe acute respiratory syndrome, expert judgments, and related regulations. This article summarizes biosafety prevention and control measures performed in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing activities and provides practical suggestions for laboratory staff to avoid laboratory-acquired infections in dealing with public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32505228, "title": "COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients: preliminary data from the ELITA/ELTR registry.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Belli, Luca S", "Duvoux, Christophe", "Karam, Vincent", "Adam, Rene", "Cuervas-Mons, Valentin", "Pasulo, Luisa", "Loinaz, Carmelo", "Invernizzi, Federica", "Patrono, Damiano", "Bhoori, Sherrie", "Ciccarelli, Olga", "Morelli, Maria Cristina", "Castells, Lluis", "Lopez-Lopez, Victor", "Conti, Sara", "Fondevila, Costantino", "Polak, Wojchiech"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505228", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496100, "title": "Fear of COVID-19 and the mental health consequences in America.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Fitzpatrick, Kevin M", "Harris, Casey", "Drawve, Grant"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496100", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The intent of this work was to examine the intersection of COVID-19 fear with social vulnerabilities and mental health consequences among adults living in the United States. Data are from a nationally representative sample (n = 10,368) of U.S. adults surveyed online during demographic subgroups (gender, age, income, race and ethnicity, geography). The sample week of March 23, 2020. The sample was poststratification weighted to ensure a balanced representation across social and demographic subgroups (gender, age, income, race or ethnicity, geography). The sample comprised 51% female; 23% non-White; 18% Hispanic; 25% of households with children under 18 years of age; 55% unmarried; and nearly 20% unemployed, laid off, or furloughed at the time of the interview. Respondents were fearful, averaging a score of nearly 7 on a scale of 10 when asked how fearful they were of COVID-19. Preliminary analysis suggests clear spatial diffusion of COVID-19 fear. Fear appears to be concentrated in regions with the highest reported COVID-19 cases. Significant differences across several U.S. census regions are noted (p < .01). Additionally, significant bivariate relationships were found between socially vulnerable respondents (female, Asians, Hispanic, foreign-born, families with children) and fear, as well as with mental health consequences (anxiety and depressive symptoms). Depressive symptoms, on average, were high (16+ on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale), and more than 25% of the sample reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms. More in-depth psychosocial research is needed using nationally representative samples that can help to inform potential mental health risks, as well as by targeting specific mental health interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32340093, "title": "[Investigation on a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 in a supermarket in Liaocheng, Shandong province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, J Z", "Zhou, P", "Han, D B", "Wang, W C", "Cui, C", "Zhou, R", "Xu, K X", "Liu, L", "Wang, X H", "Bai, X H", "Jiang, X K"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340093", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To explore clustered epidemic of COVID-19 in Liaocheng city and analyze infection status and chain of transmission of the cases. Methods: A joint investigation team of emergency response for COVID-19 epidemic by CDC professional workers of Liaocheng city and district at two levels on January 30, 2020. According to a indicator case from ZH supermarkets, close contacts and related subjects were tracked and screened on February 1, including ZH supermarket employees, family members having contact history with related cases during January 13-26, supermarket clients during January 16-30 and family members of related cases. an epidemiological investigation was carried on and their swab of nose /throat were collected and were sent to Liaocheng CDC laboratory, real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect nucleic acids of SARS-CoV-2. Results: a total of 8 437 people were screened during January 30 to February 9, 2020 (120 employees of supermarket, 93 family members, and 8224 clients of supermarket). The epidemic was caused by ZH cases and brought clustered cases in four families. A total 25 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the total infection rate of subjects was 0.30% (25/8 437) with 22 confirmed cases (0.26%, 22/8 437) and 3 asymptomatic patients (0.04%, 3/8 437), asymptomatic patients accounted for 12.00% (3/25) of all infection cases. The infection rates of supermarket employees, family members of confirmed cases and supermarket clients were 9.17% (11/120), 12.90% (12/93) and 0.02% (2/8 224). Conclusions: This was a cluster epidemic caused by one imported case of COVID-19 in a supermarket of Liaocheng city. Prevention and control of cluster epidemic should be focused on chain of community transmission and family cluster cases. It must also be an attention for transmission risk of asymptomatic patients."}, {"pmid": 32243621, "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia as a cause of acute chest syndrome in an adult sickle cell patient.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Beerkens, Frans", "John, Mira", "Puliafito, Benjamin", "Corbett, Virginia", "Edwards, Colleen", "Tremblay, Douglas"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243621", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491963, "title": "Six Propositions against Ageism in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Ehni, Hans-Joerg", "Wahl, Hans-Werner"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491963", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The risk of developing severe illness from COVID-19 and of dying from it increases with age. This statistical association has led to numerous highly problematic policy suggestions and comments revealing underlying ageist attitudes and promoting age discrimination. Such attitudes are based on negative stereotypes on the health and functioning of older adults. As a result, the lives of older people are disvalued, including in possible triage situations and in the potential limitation of some measures against the spread of the pandemic to older adults. These outcomes are unjustified and unethical. We develop six propositions against the ageism underlying these suggestions to spur a more adequate response to the current pandemic in which the needs and dignity of older people are respected."}, {"pmid": 32415426, "pmcid": "PMC7227179", "title": "COVID-19 Anxiety.", "journal": "J Relig Health", "authors": ["Peteet, John R"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415426", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Growing concerns about anxiety associated with COVID-19 have led to recommendations for effective self-care, and greater availability of mental health treatment. At the same time, existential concerns raised by the pandemic suggest the importance of religious resources, as seen in research into the experience of patients dealing with advanced cancer."}, {"pmid": 32437948, "pmcid": "PMC7211616", "title": "Viral infection-induced thrombosis, novel coronavirus.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Pran, Lemuel", "Baijoo, Shanta", "Slim, Hani"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437948", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451232, "pmcid": "PMC7213961", "title": "Position Statement on the Management of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Australia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Living Document.", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Kumar, Saurabh", "Haqqani, Haris", "Wynn, Gareth", "Pathak, Rajeev K", "Lipton, Jonathan", "Mahajan, Rajiv", "Sanders, Prashanthan", "Healey, Stewart", "Wilsmore, Bradley", "Mariani, Justin A", "Thomas, Stuart P", "Weerasooriya, Rukshen", "McGavigan, Andrew", "Gould, Paul A", "Weatherley, Paul", "Saad, Natasha", "Cowan, Mitchell", "Turnbull, Samual", "Trivic, Ivana", "Wong, Michael", "Tonchev, Ivaylo", "Morton, Joseph B", "Skinner, Jonathan R", "Pflaumer, Andreas", "McGuire, Mark", "Kistler, Peter", "Kalman, Jonathan M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451232", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant stress on health resources in Australia. The Heart Rhythm Council of the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand aims to provide a framework for efficient resource utilisation balanced with competing risks when appropriately treating patients with cardiac arrhythmias. This document provides practical recommendations for the electrophysiology (EP) and cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) services in Australia. The document will be updated regularly as new evidence and knowledge is gained with time."}, {"pmid": 32371466, "pmcid": "PMC7199468", "title": "Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kisely, Steve", "Warren, Nicola", "McMahon, Laura", "Dalais, Christine", "Henry, Irene", "Siskind, Dan"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371466", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine the psychological effects on clinicians of working to manage novel viral outbreaks, and successful measures to manage stress and psychological distress. Rapid review and meta-analysis. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar, searched up to late March 2020. Any study that described the psychological reactions of healthcare staff working with patients in an outbreak of any emerging virus in any clinical setting, irrespective of any comparison with other clinicians or the general population. 59 papers met the inclusion criteria: 37 were of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), eight of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), seven of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), three each of Ebola virus disease and influenza A virus subtype H1N1, and one of influenza A virus subtype H7N9. Of the 38 studies that compared psychological outcomes of healthcare workers in direct contact with affected patients, 25 contained data that could be combined in a pairwise meta-analysis comparing healthcare workers at high and low risk of exposure. Compared with lower risk controls, staff in contact with affected patients had greater levels of both acute or post-traumatic stress (odds ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.28 to 2.29) and psychological distress (1.74, 1.50 to 2.03), with similar results for continuous outcomes. These findings were the same as in the other studies not included in the meta-analysis. Risk factors for psychological distress included being younger, being more junior, being the parents of dependent children, or having an infected family member. Longer quarantine, lack of practical support, and stigma also contributed. Clear communication, access to adequate personal protection, adequate rest, and both practical and psychological support were associated with reduced morbidity. Effective interventions are available to help mitigate the psychological distress experienced by staff caring for patients in an emerging disease outbreak. These interventions were similar despite the wide range of settings and types of outbreaks covered in this review, and thus could be applicable to the current covid-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32533107, "title": "Publisher Correction: Risk factors for death from COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Esai Selvan, Myvizhi"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533107", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32488828, "pmcid": "PMC7266421", "title": "Science, Religion, Government, and SARS-CoV-2: A Time for Synergy.", "journal": "J Relig Health", "authors": ["Hong, Barry A", "Handal, Paul J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488828", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Religion, science and government have been institutions throughout the ages that have helped us deal with fears and threats like SARS-CoV-2. However, reliance on any one of these institutions exclusively has limitations and therefore are sources of disappointments. The SARS-CoV-2 is a reminder that we can and need to blend these seemingly divergent views of science, religion and government. Each of these institutions provides ways to cope with this worldwide pandemic but they can exercise a much greater impact if they operate in unison for the common good and well-being of all."}, {"pmid": 32271374, "pmcid": "PMC7184513", "title": "Effect of throat washings on detection of 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Guo, Wen-Liang", "Jiang, Qian", "Ye, Feng", "Li, Shao-Qiang", "Hong, Cheng", "Chen, Li-Yan", "Li, Shi-Yue"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271374", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus was detected in the self-collected throat washings. Positive testing rate of throat washing was much higher than that of Nasopharyngeal swabs. Throat washing is a promising candidate for 2019-nCoV screening and monitoring due to its noninvasive and reliability."}, {"pmid": 32320381, "pmcid": "PMC7193987", "title": "Knowledge and Perceptions of COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers: Cross-Sectional Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth", "Aldhaleei, Wafa Ali", "Rahmani, Jamal", "Mahabadi, Mohammadjavad Ashrafi", "Bandari, Deepak Kumar"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320381", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the first week of March, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak reached more than 100 countries with over 100,000 cases. Health care authorities have already initiated awareness and preparedness activities worldwide. A poor understanding of the disease among health care workers (HCWs) may result in delayed treatment and result in the rapid spread of the infection. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and perceptions of HCWs about COVID-19. A cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted among HCWs about COVID-19 during the first week of March 2020. A 23-item survey instrument was developed and distributed randomly to HCWs using social media; it required 5 minutes to complete. A chi-square test was used to investigate the level of association among variables, with significance set to P<.05. Of 529 participants, a total of 453 HCWs completed the survey (response rate: 85.6%); 51.6% (n=234) were male, 32.1% (n=147) were aged 25-34 years, and most were doctors (n=137, 30.2%) and medical students (n=134, 29.6%). Most participants (n=276, 61.0%) used social media to obtain information on COVID-19. A significant proportion of HCWs had poor knowledge of its transmission (n=276, 61.0%) and symptom onset (n=288, 63.6%) and showed positive perceptions of COVID-19. Factors such as age and profession were associated with inadequate knowledge and a poor perception of COVID-19. As the global threat of COVID-19 continues to emerge, it is critical to improve the knowledge and perceptions of HCWs. Educational interventions are urgently needed to reach HCWs worldwide, and further studies are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32275090, "pmcid": "PMC7262109", "title": "Weathering the pandemic: How the Caribbean Basin can use viral and environmental patterns to predict, prepare, and respond to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["de Angel Sola, David E", "Wang, Leyao", "Vazquez, Marietta", "Mendez-Lazaro, Pablo A"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275090", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2020 coronavirus pandemic is developing at different paces throughout the world. Some areas, like the Caribbean Basin, have yet to see the virus strike at full force. When it does, there is reasonable evidence to suggest the consequent COVID-19 outbreaks will overwhelm healthcare systems and economies. This is particularly concerning in the Caribbean as pandemics can have disproportionately higher mortality impacts on lower and middle-income countries. Preliminary observations from our team and others suggest that temperature and climatological factors could influence the spread of this novel coronavirus, making spatiotemporal predictions of its infectiousness possible. This review studies geographic and time-based distribution of known respiratory viruses in the Caribbean Basin in an attempt to foresee how the pandemic will develop in this region. This review is meant to aid in planning short- and long-term interventions to manage outbreaks at the international, national, and subnational levels in the region."}, {"pmid": 32491920, "title": "Where Is the ID in COVID-19?", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Walensky, Rochelle P", "McQuillen, Daniel P", "Shahbazi, Sara", "Goodson, John D"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491920", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513549, "title": "Leveraging IR's Adaptability During COVID-19: A Multicenter Single Urban Health System Experience.", "journal": "J Vasc Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Manna, Sayan", "Voutsinas, Nicholas", "Maron, Samuel Z", "Cedillo, Mario A", "Toussie, Danielle", "Nowakowski, F Scott", "Lookstein, Robert A", "Fischman, Aaron"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513549", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32043976, "pmcid": "PMC7128924", "title": "A contingency plan for the management of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in neonatal intensive care units.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Wang, Jianhui", "Qi, Hongbo", "Bao, Lei", "Li, Fang", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32043976", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32115733, "pmcid": "PMC7228398", "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and neonate: What neonatologist need to know.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lu, Qi", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32115733", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cause china epidemics with high morbidity and mortality, the infection has been transmitted to other countries. About three neonates and more than 230 children cases are reported. The disease condition of the main children was mild. There is currently no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted transplacentally from mother to the newborn. The treatment strategy for children with Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is based on adult experience. Thus far, no deaths have been reported in the pediatric age group. This review describes the current understanding of COVID-19 infection in newborns and children."}, {"pmid": 32363212, "pmcid": "PMC7184359", "title": "Review: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pastick, Katelyn A", "Okafor, Elizabeth C", "Wang, Fan", "Lofgren, Sarah M", "Skipper, Caleb P", "Nicol, Melanie R", "Pullen, Matthew F", "Rajasingham, Radha", "McDonald, Emily G", "Lee, Todd C", "Schwartz, Ilan S", "Kelly, Lauren E", "Lother, Sylvain A", "Mitja, Oriol", "Letang, Emili", "Abassi, Mahsa", "Boulware, David R"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363212", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a rapidly emerging viral infection causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have garnered unprecedented attention as potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19 following several small clinical trials, uncontrolled case series, and public figure endorsements. While there is a growing body of scientific data, there is also concern for harm, particularly QTc prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias. Here, we perform a rapid narrative review and discuss the strengths and limitations of existing in vitro and clinical studies. We call for additional randomized controlled trial evidence prior to the widespread incorporation of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine into national and international treatment guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32014114, "pmcid": "PMC7159271", "title": "Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Wu, Joseph T", "Leung, Kathy", "Leung, Gabriel M"], "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32014114", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since Dec 31, 2019, the Chinese city of Wuhan has reported an outbreak of atypical pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Cases have been exported to other Chinese cities, as well as internationally, threatening to trigger a global outbreak. Here, we provide an estimate of the size of the epidemic in Wuhan on the basis of the number of cases exported from Wuhan to cities outside mainland China and forecast the extent of the domestic and global public health risks of epidemics, accounting for social and non-pharmaceutical prevention interventions. We used data from Dec 31, 2019, to Jan 28, 2020, on the number of cases exported from Wuhan internationally (known days of symptom onset from Dec 25, 2019, to Jan 19, 2020) to infer the number of infections in Wuhan from Dec 1, 2019, to Jan 25, 2020. Cases exported domestically were then estimated. We forecasted the national and global spread of 2019-nCoV, accounting for the effect of the metropolitan-wide quarantine of Wuhan and surrounding cities, which began Jan 23-24, 2020. We used data on monthly flight bookings from the Official Aviation Guide and data on human mobility across more than 300 prefecture-level cities in mainland China from the Tencent database. Data on confirmed cases were obtained from the reports published by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Serial interval estimates were based on previous studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). A susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered metapopulation model was used to simulate the epidemics across all major cities in China. The basic reproductive number was estimated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods and presented using the resulting posterior mean and 95% credibile interval (CrI). In our baseline scenario, we estimated that the basic reproductive number for 2019-nCoV was 2\u00b768 (95% CrI 2\u00b747-2\u00b786) and that 75\u2008815 individuals (95% CrI 37\u2008304-130\u2008330) have been infected in Wuhan as of Jan 25, 2020. The epidemic doubling time was 6\u00b74 days (95% CrI 5\u00b78-7\u00b71). We estimated that in the baseline scenario, Chongqing, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen had imported 461 (95% CrI 227-805), 113 (57-193), 98 (49-168), 111 (56-191), and 80 (40-139) infections from Wuhan, respectively. If the transmissibility of 2019-nCoV were similar everywhere domestically and over time, we inferred that epidemics are already growing exponentially in multiple major cities of China with a lag time behind the Wuhan outbreak of about 1-2 weeks. Given that 2019-nCoV is no longer contained within Wuhan, other major Chinese cities are probably sustaining localised outbreaks. Large cities overseas with close transport links to China could also become outbreak epicentres, unless substantial public health interventions at both the population and personal levels are implemented immediately. Independent self-sustaining outbreaks in major cities globally could become inevitable because of substantial exportation of presymptomatic cases and in the absence of large-scale public health interventions. Preparedness plans and mitigation interventions should be readied for quick deployment globally. Health and Medical Research Fund (Hong Kong, China)."}, {"pmid": 32312364, "title": "[Clinical features of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 13 cases from Changsha, China].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tan, Xin", "Huang, Juan", "Zhao, Fen", "Zhou, Yan", "Li, Jie-Qiong", "Wang, Xiang-Yun"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312364", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To study the clinical features of children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 13 children with SARS-CoV-2 infection who hospitalized in a Changsha hospital. All 13 children had the disease onset due to family aggregation. Of the 13 children, 2 had no symptoms, and the other 11 children had the clinical manifestations of fever, cough, pharyngeal discomfort, abdominal pain, diarrhea, convulsions, or vomiting. As for clinical typing, 7 had mild type, 5 had common type, and 1 had severe type. The median duration of fever was 2 days in 6 children. All 13 children had normal levels of peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, immunoglobulins, CD4, CD8, and interleukin-6. The median time to clearance of SARS-CoV-2 was 13 days in the nasopharyngeal swabs of the 13 children. Three children presented false negatives for RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 RNA remained detectable in stools for 12 days after the nasopharyngeal swab test yielded a negative result. Abnormal CT findings were observed in 6 children. All 13 children were cured and discharged and they were normal at 2 weeks after discharge. Intra-family contact is the main transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, and there is also a possibility of fecal-oral transmission. Mild and common types are the major clinical types in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cytokine storm is not observed. Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection tend to have a good short-term prognosis, and follow-up is needed to observe their long-term prognosis. Multiple nucleic acid tests should be performed for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and their close contacts by multiple site sampling."}, {"pmid": 32437031, "pmcid": "PMC7262055", "title": "Endocrine surgery in the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Surgical Triage Guidelines.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Jozaghi, Yelda", "Zafereo, Mark E", "Perrier, Nancy D", "Wang, Jennifer R", "Grubbs, Elizabeth", "Gross, Neil D", "Fisher, Sarah", "Sturgis, Erich M", "Goepfert, Ryan P", "Lai, Stephen Y", "Best, Conor", "Busaidy, Naifa L", "Cabanillas, Maria E", "Dadu, Ramona", "Gagel, Robert F", "Habra, Mouhammed A", "Hu, Mimi I", "Jimenez, Camilo", "Sherman, Steven I", "Thosani, Sonali", "Varghese, Jeena", "Waguespack, Steven G", "Weitzman, Steven", "Ying, Anita K", "Graham, Paul H"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437031", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, cancer care has had to adapt rapidly given the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Surgeons (ACS) issuing recommendations to postpone nonurgent surgeries. An institutional multidisciplinary group of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Surgical Endocrinology, and Medical Endocrinology devised Surgical Triaging Guidelines for Endocrine Surgery during COVID-19, aligned with phases of care published by the ACS. Phases of care with examples of corresponding endocrine cases are outlined. Most cases can be safely postponed with active surveillance, including most differentiated and medullary thyroid cancers. During the most acute phase, all endocrine surgeries are deferred, except thyroid tumors requiring acute airway management. These guidelines provide context for endocrine surgery within the spectrum of surgical oncology, with the goal of optimal individualized multidisciplinary patient care and the expectation of significant resource diversion to care for patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32414880, "title": "AAN position statement: The COVID-19 pandemic and the ethical duties of the neurologist.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Rubin, Michael A", "Bonnie, Richard J", "Epstein, Leon", "Hemphill, Claude", "Kirschen, Matthew", "Lewis, Ariane", "Suarez, Jose I"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414880", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients, clinicians, and hospitals have undergone monumental changes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This crisis has forced us to consider the obligations that we neurologists have to our individual patients as well as the greater community. By returning to our fundamental understanding of these duties, we can ensure that we are providing the most ethically appropriate contingency and crisis care possible. We recommend specific adaptations to both the inpatient and outpatient settings, as well as changes to medical and trainee education. Furthermore, we explore the daunting but potentially necessary implementation of scare resource allocation protocols. As the pandemic evolves, we will need to adapt continuously to these rapidly changing circumstances and consider both national and regional standards and variation."}, {"pmid": 32489022, "title": "[Application of Reyanning Mixture in evaluating combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Bao, Lei", "Shi, Yu-Jing", "Geng, Zi-Han", "Sun, Jing", "Zhao, Rong-Hua", "DU, Cheng-Qiang", "Chu, Ya-Jun", "Cui, Xiao-Lan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489022", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the previous research, our laboratory established a mouse model combining disease with syndrome of human coronavi-rus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome, based on the national traditional Chinese medicine clinical classification of Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan. In this study, a mouse model combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Reyanning Mixture to provide animal experimental support for clinical application. Mice were divided into normal group, 229 E infection group, cold-dampness group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group(the model group), Reyanning high and low dose groups. The cold-dampness group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group, two Reyanning groups were given cold and damp stimulation for 7 days. On the 5 th day, the 229 E infection group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group, and two Reyanning groups were infected with HCoV-229 E virus. Reyanning was administered for 3 days, starting from the day of infection. Blood was collected on the 4 th day and the lung tissue was dissected to calculate the lung index and inhibition rate; flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood; RT-PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid virus load in lung tissue; ELISA was used to detect motilin and gastrin in serum, and inflammatory factors TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, IL-10 in lung tissue proteins. Reyanning Mixture could reduce the lung index(P<0.01) of coronavirus pneumonia mice with pestilence attacking the lung; it could significantly increase the percentage of CD8~+ T lymphocytes and CD4~+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of model mice(P<0.05, P<0.01). The low dose of Reyanning could effectively increase the percentage of total B lymphocytes(P<0.05), reduce virus load in lung tissue of model mice(P<0.01), reduce the levels of TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, IL-10 in the lung tissue of model mice(P<0.01), reduce the content of motilin in the serum of model mice(P<0.01). Reyanning Mixture convey a better effect in treating coronavirus pneumonia mice with pestilence attacking the lung. It manifested obvious effects in improving lung lesions, enhancing the gastrointestinal function of mice, improving the autoimmune function of mice, and reducing the expression of inflammatory factors in vivo, which could provide evidences for clinical research."}, {"pmid": 32389025, "title": "Emergency Authorization of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for Treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Pharmacother", "authors": ["Piszczatoski, Christopher R", "Powell, Jason"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389025", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is suffering a respiratory pandemic disease caused by a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), commonly known as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). The Food and Drug Administration issued an emergency authorization for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as experimental treatments for COVID-19 leading to a shortage of both medications. A literature review conducted in April 2020 shows a lack of high-quality data available, resulting in ambiguous guideline recommendations. Decisions to use either drug should be made with careful consideration of risks versus benefits along with proper monitoring. Because of its higher potency and better safety profile, hydroxychloroquine may be the more reasonable treatment option if treatment is initiated."}, {"pmid": 32246722, "pmcid": "PMC7164109", "title": "Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: filtering fact from fiction in the infodemic: Q&A with virologist Professor Urs Greber.", "journal": "FEBS Lett", "authors": ["Ruffell, Daniela"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246722", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371227, "pmcid": "PMC7187815", "title": "Ethical dilemmas faced by health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: Issues, implications and suggestions.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Menon, Vikas", "Padhy, Susanta Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371227", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202401, "title": "Urology practice during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Minerva Urol Nefrol", "authors": ["Ficarra, Vincenzo", "Novara, Giacomo", "Abrate, Alberto", "Bartoletti, Riccardo", "Crestani, Alessandro", "De Nunzio, Cosimo", "Giannarini, Gianluca", "Gregori, Andrea", "Liguori, Giovanni", "Mirone, Vincenzo", "Pavan, Nicola", "Scarpa, Roberto M", "Simonato, Alchiede", "Trombetta, Carlo", "Tubaro, Andrea", "Porpiglia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202401", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the disease it causes, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is generating a rapid and tragic health emergency in Italy due to the need to provide assistance to an overwhelming number of infected patients and, at the same time, treat all the non-deferrable oncological and benign conditions. A panel of Italian urologists has agreed on possible strategies for the reorganization of urological routine practice and on a set of recommendations that should facilitate the process of rescheduling both surgical and outpatient activities during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the subsequent phases. This document could be a valid tool to be used in routine clinical practice and, possibly, a cornerstone for further discussion on the topic also considering the further evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also may provide useful recommendations for national and international urological societies in a condition of emergency."}, {"pmid": 32333199, "pmcid": "PMC7182393", "title": "Coronavirus in Hematologic Malignancies: Targeting Molecules Beyond the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Wall in COVID-19.", "journal": "Pathol Oncol Res", "authors": ["Tsiambas, Evangelos", "Papanikolaou, Vasileios", "Chrysovergis, Aristeidis", "Mastronikolis, Nicholas", "Ragos, Vasileios", "Kavantzas, Nikolaos", "Lazaris, Andreas C", "Kyrodimos, Efthymios"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333199", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275079, "pmcid": "PMC7262022", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 may be related to conjunctivitis but not necessarily spread through the conjunctiva SARS-CoV-2 and conjunctiva.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Guo, Dongyu", "Xia, Jianhua", "Shen, Ye", "Tong, Jianping"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275079", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We appreciate the comments of Liu et al.1 and Peng et al.2 in relation to our previous study. Currently, the controversy on the relationship among SARS-CoV-2 infection, the ocular surface and conjunctivitis are reflected in two aspects as follows: (i) can SARS-CoV-2 infection cause conjunctivitis? (ii) can SARS-CoV-2 be transmitted through the ocular surface? This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32282982, "pmcid": "PMC7262146", "title": "Early impact of COVID-19 on transplant center practices and policies in the United States.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Boyarsky, Brian J", "Po-Yu Chiang, Teresa", "Werbel, William A", "Durand, Christine M", "Avery, Robin K", "Getsin, Samantha N", "Jackson, Kyle R", "Kernodle, Amber B", "Van Pilsum Rasmussen, Sarah E", "Massie, Allan B", "Segev, Dorry L", "Garonzik-Wang, Jacqueline M"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282982", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a novel, rapidly changing pandemic: consequently, evidence-based recommendations in solid organ transplantation (SOT) remain challenging and unclear. To understand the impact on transplant activity across the United States, and center-level variation in testing, clinical practice, and policies, we conducted a national survey between March 24, 2020 and March 31, 2020 and linked responses to the COVID-19 incidence map. Response rate was a very high 79.3%, reflecting a strong national priority to better understand COVID-19. Complete suspension of live donor kidney transplantation was reported by 71.8% and live donor liver by 67.7%. While complete suspension of deceased donor transplantation was less frequent, some restrictions to deceased donor kidney transplantation were reported by 84.0% and deceased donor liver by 73.3%; more stringent restrictions were associated with higher regional incidence of COVID-19. Shortage of COVID-19 tests was reported by 42.5%. Respondents reported a total of 148 COVID-19 recipients from <1 to >10\u00a0years posttransplant: 69.6% were kidney recipients, and 25.0% were critically ill. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was used by 78.1% of respondents; azithromycin by 46.9%; tocilizumab by 31.3%, and remdesivir by 25.0%. There is wide heterogeneity in center-level response across the United States; ongoing national data collection, expert discussion, and clinical studies are critical to informing evidence-based practices."}, {"pmid": 32324533, "title": "Prevention and therapy of COVID-19 via exogenous estrogen treatment for both male and female patients.", "journal": "J Pharm Pharm Sci", "authors": ["Suba, Zsuzsanna"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324533", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The presented work summarizes the results of studies underlining the crucial role of estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in both innate and adaptive immune responses as well as in tissue repairing processes during respiratory virus infection. Experimental studies justify that among respiratory virus infected mice, a weaker ER signaling leads to increased morbidity and mortality in both males and females. In animal experiments, estrogen treatment silences the inflammatory reactions and decreases virus titers leading to improved survival rate; it seems to be an ideal prevention and therapy against COVID-19. We should overcome the widespread reluctance to estrogen therapy as we have a unique estrogen formula; conjugated estrogens, or conjugated equine estrogens available under the brand name of Premarin deriving from natural sources. Premarin can exert similar ER upregulative and gene repairing power like endogenous estrogen without any risk for adverse reactions. Premarin is capable of stopping the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32353193, "pmcid": "PMC7267395", "title": "Is the type of diabetes treatment relevant to outcome of COVID-19?", "journal": "J Diabetes", "authors": ["Bloomgarden, Zachary"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353193", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458561, "title": "Lymphopenia in COVID-19: Therapeutic opportunities.", "journal": "Cell Biol Int", "authors": ["Fathi, Nazanin", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458561", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is uncontrollably spread all over the world. The host immune responses strongly try to confront it with all the potential cells and cytokines. With chronically condition of SARS-CoV-2, natural killer cells and T cells become exhausted and decreasing their count leads to lymphopenia. Inability to eradicate the infected organ makes hyperinitiation of the immune system, which releases the excessive inflammatory cytokines to compensate the exhausted one as well as the low lymphocytes counts; it consequently leads to the cytokine storm syndrome. These mechanisms and the potential therapeutic targeting are discussed in this paper."}, {"pmid": 32522318, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Dental Practice in the United States.", "journal": "Pediatr Dent", "authors": ["Jayaraman, Jayakumar", "Dhar, Vineet", "Moorani, Zeeshan", "Donly, Kevin", "Tinanoff, Norman", "Mitchell, Stephen", "Wright, Tim"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522318", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350134, "pmcid": "PMC7245089", "title": "Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Xu, Xiaoling", "Han, Mingfeng", "Li, Tiantian", "Sun, Wei", "Wang, Dongsheng", "Fu, Binqing", "Zhou, Yonggang", "Zheng, Xiaohu", "Yang, Yun", "Li, Xiuyong", "Zhang, Xiaohua", "Pan, Aijun", "Wei, Haiming"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350134", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After analyzing the immune characteristics of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we have identified that pathogenic T cells and inflammatory monocytes with large amount of interleukin 6 secreting may incite the inflammatory storm, which may potentially be curbed through monoclonal antibody that targets the IL-6 pathways. Here, we aimed to assess the efficacy of tocilizumab in severe patients with COVID-19 and seek a therapeutic strategy. The patients diagnosed as severe or critical COVID-19 in The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital) and Anhui Fuyang Second People's Hospital were given tocilizumab in addition to routine therapy between 5 and 14 February 2020. The changes of clinical manifestations, computerized tomography (CT) scan image, and laboratory examinations were retrospectively analyzed. Fever returned to normal on the first day, and other symptoms improved remarkably within a few days. Within 5 d after tocilizumab, 15 of the 20 patients (75.0%) had lowered their oxygen intake, and 1 patient needed no oxygen therapy. CT scans manifested that the lung lesion opacity absorbed in 19 patients (90.5%). The percentage of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, which decreased in 85.0% of patients (17/20) before treatment (mean, 15.52 \u00b1 8.89%), returned to normal in 52.6% of patients (10/19) on the fifth day after treatment. Abnormally elevated C-reactive protein decreased significantly in 84.2% of patients (16/19). No obvious adverse reactions were observed. All patients have been discharged on average 15.1 d after giving tocilizumab. Preliminary data show that tocilizumab, which improved the clinical outcome immediately in severe and critical COVID-19 patients, is an effective treatment to reduce mortality."}, {"pmid": 32437018, "title": "TMPRSS2: Potential Biomarker for COVID-19 Outcomes.", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Strope, Jonathan D", "PharmD, Cindy H Chau", "Figg, William D"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437018", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452355, "title": "COVID-19: the new challenge for rheumatologists. First update.", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Ferro, Francesco", "Elefante, Elena", "Puxeddu, Ilaria", "Baldini, Chiara", "Bartoloni, Elena", "Barate, Claudia", "Galimberti, Sara", "Talarico, Rosaria", "Mosca, Marta", "Bombardieri, Stefano"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452355", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32124179, "pmcid": "PMC7089458", "title": "Clinical trials for the treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A rapid response to urgent need.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Zhang, Tengyue", "He, Yudi", "Xu, Wenshuai", "Ma, Aiping", "Yang, Yanli", "Xu, Kai-Feng"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32124179", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504274, "pmcid": "PMC7274508", "title": "Letter to The Editor: COVID-19: Looking South and East in the World for Guidance.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Lakhoo, Kokila", "Farmer, Diana"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504274", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410386, "pmcid": "PMC7272886", "title": "Smell and taste alterations in Covid-19: a cross-sectional analysis of different cohorts.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Paderno, Alberto", "Schreiber, Alberto", "Grammatica, Alberto", "Raffetti, Elena", "Tomasoni, Michele", "Gualtieri, Tommaso", "Taboni, Stefano", "Zorzi, Silvia", "Lombardi, Davide", "Deganello, Alberto", "Redaelli De Zinis, Luca Oscar", "Maroldi, Roberto", "Mattavelli, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410386", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Olfactory (OD) and gustatory (GD) dysfunction have been proven to be a typical symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, their prevalence in different patient populations still needs to be clarified. A cross-sectional study was performed from March 27 to April 1 2020 in Northern Italy. Physicians administered a survey-based questionnaire to SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with the aim of assessing symptoms, focusing on OD and GD. Two groups were studied: patients hospitalized at ASST Spedali Civili University Hospital of Brescia (A); home-quarantined subjects (B). A total of 508 patients were enrolled: 295 in Group A and 213 in Group B. Mean age (\u00b1SD) was 55\u00b115 years; 56% were men. Overall, OD and GD were present in 56% (95% CI 51-60%) and 63% (59-67%) of cases, respectively. In Group A, the prevalence of OD and GD was 44% (38-50%) and 52% (46-58%). In Group B, the prevalence of OD and GD was 72% (65-79%) and 79% (73-84%). In the entire cohort, total loss of olfaction and taste was reported in 64% and 60% of cases, respectively. OD and GD occurred as the first symptom in 10% and 11% of cases; in the remaining cases, they occurred after a mean of 4\u00b13 days following the first symptom. At the time of the questionnaire, complete resolution of OD and GD was reported in 52% and 55% of cases (mean duration: 9\u00b15 in both). OD and GD are more prevalent in home-quarantined subjects, and they are independently associated with younger age and female gender. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32409625, "pmcid": "PMC7246092", "title": "'Your country needs you': the ethics of allocating staff to high-risk clinical roles in the management of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Dunn, Michael", "Sheehan, Mark", "Hordern, Joshua", "Turnham, Helen Lynne", "Wilkinson, Dominic"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409625", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic impacts on health service delivery, health providers are modifying care pathways and staffing models in ways that require health professionals to be reallocated to work in critical care settings. Many of the roles that staff are being allocated to in the intensive care unit and emergency department pose additional risks to themselves, and new policies for staff reallocation are causing distress and uncertainty to the professionals concerned. In this paper, we analyse a range of ethical issues associated with changes to staff allocation processes in the face of COVID-19. In line with a dominant view in the medical ethics literature, we claim, first, that no individual health professional has a specific, positive obligation to treat a patient when doing so places that professional at risk of harm, and so there is a clear ethical tension in any reallocation process in this context. Next, we argue that the changing asymmetries of health needs in hospitals means that careful consideration needs to be given to a stepwise process for deallocating staff from their usual duties. We conclude by considering how a justifiable process of reallocating professionals to high-risk clinical roles should be configured once those who are 'fit for reallocation' have been identified. We claim that this process needs to attend to three questions that we consider in detail: (1) how the choice to make reallocation decisions is made, (2) what justifiable models for reallocation might look like and (3) what is owed to those who are reallocated."}, {"pmid": 32502645, "pmcid": "PMC7265826", "title": "New onset anosmia and ageusia in adult patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Patel, A", "Charani, E", "Ariyanayagam, D", "Abdulaal, A", "Denny, S J", "Mughal, N", "Moore, L S P"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502645", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We investigated the prevalence of anosmia and ageusia in adult patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of infection with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This was a retrospective observational analysis of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to hospital or managed in the community and their household contacts across a London population during the period March 1st to April 1st, 2020. Symptomatology and duration were extracted from routinely collected clinical data and follow-up telephone consultations. Descriptive statistics were used. Of 386 patients, 141 (92 community patients, 49 discharged inpatients) were included for analysis; 77/141 (55%) reported anosmia and ageusia, nine reported only ageusia and three only anosmia. The median onset of anosmia in relation to onset of SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) symptoms (as defined by the Public Health England case definition) was 4\u00a0days (interquartile range (IQR) 5). Median duration of anosmia was 8\u00a0days (IQR 16). Median duration of COVID-19 symptoms in community patients was 10\u00a0days (IQR 8) versus 18\u00a0days (IQR 13.5) in admitted patients. As of April 1, 45 patients had ongoing COVID-19 symptoms and/or anosmia; 107/141 (76%) patients had household contacts, and of 185 non-tested household contacts 79 (43%) had COVID-19 symptoms with 46/79 (58%) reporting anosmia. Six household contacts had anosmia only. Over half of the positive patients reported anosmia and ageusia, suggesting that these should be added to the case definition and used to guide self-isolation protocols. This adaptation may be integral to case findings in the absence of population-level testing. Until we have successful population-level vaccination coverage, these steps remain critical in the current and future waves of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32355961, "pmcid": "PMC7197528", "title": "Letter: COVID-19 Impact on the Medical Student Path to Neurosurgery.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Chae, John K", "Haghdel, Arsalan", "Guadix, Sergio W", "Winston, Graham M", "Younus, Iyan", "Radwanski, Ryan", "Schwartz, Theodore H", "Greenfield, Jeffrey P", "Apuzzo, Michael L J", "Pannullo, Susan C"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355961", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360978, "title": "Preliminary observations of anaesthesia ventilators use for prolonged mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Gouel-Cheron, Aurelie", "Couffignal, Camille", "Elmaleh, Yoann", "Kantor, Elie", "Montravers, Philippe"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360978", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516817, "title": "A Survey of Labor and Delivery Practices in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Pena, Juan A", "Bianco, Angela T", "Simpson, Lynn L", "Bernstein, Peter S", "Roman, Ashley S", "Goffman, Dena", "Schweizer, William E", "Overbey, Jessica", "Stone, Joanne L"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516817", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, a novel coronavirus, precisely severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), that causes the disease novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a worldwide pandemic. Over a million cases have been confirmed in the United States. As of May 5, 2020, New York State has had over 300,000 cases and 24,000 deaths with more than half of the cases and deaths occurring in New York City (NYC). Little is known, however, of how this virus impacts pregnancy. Given this lack of data and the risk for severe disease in this relatively immunocompromised population, further understanding of the obstetrical management of COVID-19, as well as hospital level preparation for its control, is crucial. Guidance has come from expert opinion, professional societies and public health agencies, but to date, there is no report on how obstetrical practices have adapted these recommendations to their local situations. We therefore developed an internet-based survey to elucidate the practices put into place to guide the care of obstetrical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed obstetrical leaders in four academic medical centers in NYC who were implementing and testing protocols at the height of the pandemic. We found that all sites made changes to their practices, and that there appeared to be agreement with screening and testing for COVID-19, as well as labor and delivery protocols, for SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. We found less consensus with respect to inpatient antepartum fetal surveillance. We hope that this experience is useful to other centers as they formulate their plans to face this pandemic. KEY POINTS: \u00b7 Practices changed to accommodate public health needs.. \u00b7 Most practices are screened for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on admission.. \u00b7 Fetal testing in COVID-19 patients varied.."}, {"pmid": 32353184, "pmcid": "PMC7267575", "title": "Severe psychological distress among patients with epilepsy during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwest China.", "journal": "Epilepsia", "authors": ["Hao, Xiaoting", "Zhou, Dong", "Li, Zhe", "Zeng, Guojun", "Hao, Nanya", "Li, Enzhi", "Li, Wenjing", "Deng, Aiping", "Lin, Mintao", "Yan, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353184", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare the severity of psychological distress between patients with epilepsy and healthy controls during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwest China, as well as identify potential risk factors of severe psychological distress among patients with epilepsy. This cross-sectional case-control study examined a consecutive sample of patients older than 15\u00a0years treated at the epilepsy center of West China Hospital between February 1 and February 29, 2020. As controls, sex- and age-matched healthy visitors of inpatients (unrelated to the patients) were also enrolled during the same period. Data on demographics and attention paid to COVID-19 were collected by online questionnaire, data on epilepsy features were collected from electronic medical records, and psychological distress was evaluated using the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-6). Potential risk factors of severe psychological distress were identified using multivariate logistic regression. The 252 patients and 252 controls in this study were similar along all demographic variables except family income. Patients with epilepsy showed significantly higher K-6 scores than healthy controls and spent significantly more time following the COVID-19 outbreak (both P\u00a0<\u00a0.001). Univariate analyses associated both diagnosis of drug-resistant epilepsy and time spent paying attention to COVID-19 with severe psychological distress (defined as K-6 score >12; both P\u00a0\u2264\u00a0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified two independent predictors of severe psychological distress: time spent paying attention to COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.172, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.073-1.280) and diagnosis of drug-resistant epilepsy (OR = 0.283, 95% CI = 0.128-0.623). During public health outbreaks, clinicians and caregivers should focus not only on seizure control but also on mental health of patients with epilepsy, especially those with drug-resistant epilepsy. K-6 scores > 12 indicate severe psychological distress. This may mean, for example, encouraging patients to engage in other activities instead of excessively following media coverage of the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32504965, "pmcid": "PMC7245265", "title": "Management of maternal resuscitation and category 1 cesarean delivery in a Covid-19 suspect parturient.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Oh, Ting Ting", "Lew, Eileen", "Sng, Ban Leong"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504965", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519302, "title": "Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome: from basic to clinics.", "journal": "Protein Cell", "authors": ["Qin, Hua", "Zhao, Andong"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519302", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has occurred in China and around the world. SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with severe pneumonia rapidly develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and die of multiple organ failure. Despite advances in supportive care approaches, ARDS is still associated with high mortality and morbidity. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy may be an potential alternative strategy for treating ARDS by targeting the various pathophysiological events of ARDS. By releasing a variety of paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles, MSC can exert anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-microbial, and pro-angiogenic effects, promote bacterial and alveolar fluid clearance, disrupt the pulmonary endothelial and epithelial cell damage, eventually avoiding the lung and distal organ injuries to rescue patients with ARDS. An increasing number of experimental animal studies and early clinical studies verify the safety and efficacy of MSC therapy in ARDS. Since low cell engraftment and survival in lung limit MSC therapeutic potentials, several strategies have been developed to enhance their engraftment in the lung and their intrinsic, therapeutic properties. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the mechanisms and optimization of MSC therapy in ARDS and highlighted the potentials and possible barriers of MSC therapy for COVID-19 patients with ARDS."}, {"pmid": 32379923, "pmcid": "PMC7267326", "title": "Is BCG vaccination causally related to reduced COVID-19 mortality?", "journal": "EMBO Mol Med", "authors": ["Miyasaka, Masayuki"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379923", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing severe acute respiratory sickness coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has resulted in more than 3,600,000 detected cases of COVID-19 illness and nearly 260,000 deaths worldwide as of May 6, 2020. Recently, BCG vaccination was shown to correlate with reduced COVID-19 case fatality rates (preprint: Miller et\u00a0al, 2020; preprint: Sala & Miyakawa, 2020; https://www.jsatonotes.com/2020/03/if-i-were-north-americaneuropeanaustral.html). The most recent data from publicly available resources also indicate that both COVID-19 incidence and total deaths are strongly associated with the presence or absence of national mandatory BCG vaccination programs. As seen in Table\u00a01, seven of eight countries with very low numbers of total deaths (<\u00a040 per 1\u00a0million population) adopted a mandatory BCG vaccination program using one of a set of 6 separate BCG strains (Table\u00a01). In contrast, COVID-19 mortality was markedly higher in countries where BCG vaccination is not widely administered or is given only to high-risk groups. COVID-19 mortality was also higher in countries where widespread BCG vaccination was discontinued more than 20\u00a0years ago and in countries that used the BCG Denmark strain regularly or temporarily. This raises the question of whether BCG vaccination and reduced COVID-19 mortality are causally related. An additional question is why different BCG strains may be variably associated with mortality."}, {"pmid": 32498262, "title": "Outcomes of COVID-19 among Patients on In-Center Hemodialysis: An Experience from the Epicenter in South Korea.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Jung, Hee-Yeon", "Lim, Jeong-Hoon", "Kang, Seok Hui", "Kim, Seong Gyu", "Lee, Yong-Hoon", "Lee, Jaehee", "Chang, Hyun-Ha", "Kim, Shin-Woo", "Choi, Ji-Young", "Cho, Jang-Hee", "Kim, Chan-Duck", "Kim, Yong-Lim", "Park, Sun-Hee"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498262", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) or who are on hemodialysis (HD) could have increased susceptibility to the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) given their pre-existing comorbidities, older age, compromised immune system, and regular visits to populated outpatient dialysis centers. This study included 14 consecutive patients on HD or with advanced CKD who initiated HD after being diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February to April 2020 in hospitals throughout Daegu, South Korea. The included patients, 42.9% of whom were men, had a mean age of 63.5 years. Four patients had a history of contact with a patient suffering from COVID-19. The most common symptom was cough (50.0%), followed by dyspnea (35.7%). The mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis and admission was 2.6 and 3.5 days, respectively. Patients exhibited lymphopenia and elevated inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein and ferritin. Chest radiography findings showed pulmonary infiltration in 10 patients. All patients underwent regular HD in a negative pressure room and received antiviral agents. Four patients received mechanical ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy at a median duration of 14.0 and 8.5 days, respectively. One patient underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for three days. Among the 14 patients included, two died due to acute respiratory distress syndrome, nine were discharged from the hospital, and three remained hospitalized. Despite the high-risk conditions associated with worse outcomes, patients on HD did not exhibit extremely poor overall COVID-19 outcomes perhaps due to early diagnosis, prompt hospitalization, and antiviral therapy."}, {"pmid": 32284316, "title": "Global crisis: EM and EMJ respond.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Body, Richard", "Carlton, Edward", "Carley, Simon", "Dawood, Mary", "Leech, Caroline", "Smith, Simon S", "Weber, Ellen J"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284316", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427165, "pmcid": "PMC7228430", "title": "Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Wellbeing: Serial Mediation by Rumination and Fear of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Satici, Begum", "Saricali, Mehmet", "Satici, Seydi Ahmet", "Griffiths, Mark D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427165", "countries": ["Turkey"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become globally widespread with millions of confirmed cases and many countries implementing various levels of quarantine. Therefore, it is important to investigate the psychological consequences of this process, given the unique situation that has been experienced globally. Therefore, the present study examined whether intolerance of uncertainty was related to mental wellbeing and whether this relationship was mediated by rumination and fear of COVID-19. The sample comprised 1772 Turkish individuals (aged between 18 and 73\u00a0years) from 79 of 81 cities in Turkey, who completed measures of mental wellbeing, intolerance of uncertainty, rumination, and fear of COVID-19. Results of serial mediation analyses showed that intolerance of uncertainty had a significant direct effect on mental wellbeing. Rumination and fear of COVID-19, in combination, serially mediated the association between intolerance of uncertainty and mental wellbeing. The findings are discussed within the framework of the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and related literature."}, {"pmid": 32425996, "pmcid": "PMC7227597", "title": "A Systematic Review of Asymptomatic Infections with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Gao, Zhiru", "Xu, Yinghui", "Sun, Chao", "Wang, Xu", "Guo, Ye", "Qiu, Shi", "Ma, Kewei"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425996", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late December 2019, it has brought significant harm and challenges to over 200 countries and regions around the world. However, there is increasing evidence that many patients with COVID-19 are asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms, but they are able to transmit the virus to others. There are difficulties in screening for asymptomatic infections, which makes it more difficult for national prevention and control of this epidemic. This article reviews the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of asymptomatic infections with COVID-19, hoping it would be helpful for early prevention and control of this severe public health threat worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32461490, "title": "Sustaining academics during COVID-19 pandemic: The role of online teaching-learning.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Kaup, Soujanya", "Jain, Rashmi", "Shivalli, Siddharudha", "Pandey, Suresh", "Kaup, Soumya"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365215, "title": "[Potential harms associated with 4-aminoquinoline treatment].", "journal": "Lakartidningen", "authors": ["Svensson, Markus"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365215", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are currently being evaluated as treatment against COVID-19. These drugs are associated with some potential harms, including QTc-interval prolongation, hypoglycaemia, severe skin reactions and psychiatric effects. Use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine should be reserved to current indications or clinical trials, as recommended by several governmental medical products agencies."}, {"pmid": 32298732, "pmcid": "PMC7153520", "title": "PCCM at the Battlefront Against COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Wu, Sinan", "Qiao, Renli", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298732", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360315, "pmcid": "PMC7180367", "title": "COVID alias challenge to onco-rehabilitation and to viable indications and decisions: Cues from an Italian COVID+ oral cancer patient.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Pietrobon, Giacomo", "Tagliabue, Marta", "Chu, Francesco", "De Berardinis, Rita", "Ansarin, Mohssen"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360315", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441991, "title": "Cloth Masks May Prevent Transmission of COVID-19: An Evidence-Based, Risk-Based Approach.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Clase, Catherine M", "Fu, Edouard L", "Joseph, Meera", "Beale, Rupert C L", "Dolovich, Myrna B", "Jardine, Meg", "Mann, Johannes F E", "Pecoits-Filho, Roberto", "Winkelmayer, Wolfgang C", "Carrero, Juan J"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441991", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286538, "pmcid": "PMC7186926", "title": "Human antibodies can neutralize SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Catalan-Dibene, Jovani"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286538", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505464, "title": "Am I a Coronavirus?", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Smith, Kelly D", "Akilesh, Shreeram", "Alpers, Charles E", "Nicosia, Roberto F"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505464", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459293, "title": "Opening Hospitals to More Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic-Making It Safe and Making It Feel Safe.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Asch, David A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348742, "pmcid": "PMC7194606", "title": "Fetal interventions in the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: statement from the North American Fetal Therapy Network.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Bahtiyar, Mert Ozan", "Baschat, Ahmet", "Deprest, Jan", "Emery, Stephen", "Goodnight, William Harold", "Johnson, Anthony", "McCullough, Laurence", "Moldenhauer, Julie S", "Ryan, Greg", "Tsao, KuoJen", "Van Mieghem, Tim", "Wagner, Amy", "Zaretsky, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348742", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354760, "title": "Covid-19: pandemic healthcare centres should have already existed.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sharma, Neel", "Anderson, Diana"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354760", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213786, "pmcid": "PMC7141586", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: Responding to a Rapidly Evolving Situation.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Rasmussen, Sonja A", "Jamieson, Denise J"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213786", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world confronts coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an illness caused by yet another emerging pathogen (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]), obstetric care providers are asking what this means for pregnant women. The global spread has been swift, and many key questions remain. The case-fatality rate for persons cared for in the United States and whether asymptomatic persons transmit the virus are examples of questions that need to be answered to inform public health control measures. There are also unanswered questions specific to pregnant women, such as whether pregnant women are more severely affected and whether intrauterine transmission occurs. Although guidelines for pregnant women from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have been rapidly developed based on the best available evidence, additional information is critically needed to inform key decisions, such as whether pregnant health care workers should receive special consideration, whether to temporarily separate infected mothers and their newborns, and whether it is safe for infected women to breastfeed. Some current recommendations are well supported, based largely on what we know from seasonal influenza: patients should avoid contact with ill persons, avoid touching their face, cover coughs and sneezes, wash hands frequently, disinfect contaminated surfaces, and stay home when sick. Prenatal clinics should ensure all pregnant women and their visitors are screened for fever and respiratory symptoms, and symptomatic women should be isolated from well women and required to wear a mask. As the situation with COVID-19 rapidly unfolds, it is critical that obstetricians keep up to date."}, {"pmid": 32156607, "pmcid": "PMC7094385", "title": "Positive rate of RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 4880 cases from one hospital in Wuhan, China, from Jan to Feb 2020.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Liu, Rui", "Han, Huan", "Liu, Fang", "Lv, Zhihua", "Wu, Kailang", "Liu, Yingle", "Feng, Yong", "Zhu, Chengliang"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156607", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There's an outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection since December 2019, first in China, and currently with more than 80 thousand confirmed infection globally in 29 countries till March 2, 2020. Identification, isolation and caring for patients early are essential to limit human-to-human transmission including reducing secondary infections among close contacts and health care workers, preventing transmission amplification events. The RT-PCR detection of viral nucleic acid test (NAT) was one of the most quickly established laboratory diagnosis method in a novel viral pandemic, just as in this COVID-19 outbreak. 4880 cases that had respiratory infection symptoms or close contact with COVID-19 patients in hospital in Wuhan, China, were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection by use of quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) on samples from the respiratory tract. Positive rates were calculated in groups divided by genders or ages. The positive rate was about 38% for the total 4880 specimens. Male and older population had a significant higher positive rates. However, 57% was positive among the specimens from the Fever Clinics. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, not gender, was the risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in fever clinics. Therefore, we concluded that viral NAT played an important role in identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32156682, "title": "Covid-19: What's the current advice for UK doctors?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156682", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467379, "title": "The search for a COVID-19 animal model.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Lakdawala, Seema S", "Menachery, Vineet D"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467379", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249846, "pmcid": "PMC7132548", "title": "Dysregulation of lung myeloid cells in COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Salome, Berengere", "Magen, Assaf"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249846", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358130, "title": "An update on our response to Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358130", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BVA is working hard to keep the veterinary profession informed and supported during these challenging and unpredictable times."}, {"pmid": 32413621, "pmcid": "PMC7211667", "title": "Air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown over the Yangtze River Delta Region: An insight into the impact of human activity pattern changes on air pollution variation.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Li, Li", "Li, Qing", "Huang, Ling", "Wang, Qian", "Zhu, Ansheng", "Xu, Jian", "Liu, Ziyi", "Li, Hongli", "Shi, Lishu", "Li, Rui", "Azari, Majid", "Wang, Yangjun", "Zhang, Xiaojuan", "Liu, Zhiqiang", "Zhu, Yonghui", "Zhang, Kun", "Xue, Shuhui", "Ooi, Maggie Chel Gee", "Zhang, Dongping", "Chan, Andy"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413621", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has spreaded rapidly across the world. To control the rapid dispersion of the virus, China has imposed national lockdown policies to practise social distancing. This has led to reduced human activities and hence primary air pollutant emissions, which caused improvement of air quality as a side-product. To investigate the air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown over the YRD Region, we apply the WRF-CAMx modelling system together with monitoring data to investigate the impact of human activity pattern changes on air quality. Results show that human activities were lowered significantly during the period: industrial operations, VKT, constructions in operation, etc. were significantly reduced, leading to lowered SO2, NOx, PM2.5 and VOCs emissions by approximately 16-26%, 29-47%, 27-46% and 37-57% during the Level I and Level II response periods respectively. These emission reduction has played a significant role in the improvement of air quality. Concentrations of PM2.5, NO2 and SO2 decreased by 31.8%, 45.1% and 20.4% during the Level I period; and 33.2%, 27.2% and 7.6% during the Level II period compared with 2019. However, ozone did not show any reduction and increased greatly. Our results also show that even during the lockdown, with primary emissions reduction of 15%-61%, the daily average PM2.5 concentrations range between 15 and 79\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0m-3, which shows that background and residual pollutions are still high. Source apportionment results indicate that the residual pollution of PM2.5 comes from industry (32.2-61.1%), mobile (3.9-8.1%), dust (2.6-7.7%), residential sources (2.1-28.5%) in YRD and 14.0-28.6% contribution from long-range transport coming from northern China. This indicates that in spite of the extreme reductions in primary emissions, it cannot fully tackle the current air pollution. Re-organisation of the energy and industrial strategy together with trans-regional joint-control for a full long-term air pollution plan need to be further taken into account."}, {"pmid": 32503708, "pmcid": "PMC7146676", "title": "Utilization and Appropriateness of Transthoracic Echocardiography in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Ward, R Parker", "Lee, Linda", "Ward, Timothy J", "Lang, Roberto M"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492174, "title": "First case of acute pancreatitis related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Miao, Y", "Lidove, O", "Mauhin, W"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492174", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504740, "pmcid": "PMC7270800", "title": "Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal swab and saliva.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Iwasaki, Sumio", "Fujisawa, Shinichi", "Nakakubo, Sho", "Kamada, Keisuke", "Yamashita, Yu", "Fukumoto, Tatsuya", "Sato, Kaori", "Oguri, Satoshi", "Taki, Keisuke", "Senjo, Hajime", "Sugita, Junichi", "Hayasaka, Kasumi", "Konno, Satoshi", "Nishida, Mutsumi", "Teshima, Takanori"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504740", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353634, "pmcid": "PMC7185015", "title": "COVID-19: Immunology and treatment options.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Felsenstein, Susanna", "Herbert, Jenny A", "McNamara, Paul S", "Hedrich, Christian M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353634", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 causes COVID-19, a pandemic threatening millions. As protective immunity does not exist in humans and the virus is capable of escaping innate immune responses, it can proliferate, unhindered, in primarily infected tissues. Subsequent cell death results in the release of virus particles and intracellular components to the extracellular space, which result in immune cell recruitment, the generation of immune complexes and associated damage. Infection of monocytes/macrophages and/or recruitment of uninfected immune cells can result in massive inflammatory responses later in the disease. Uncontrolled production of pro-inflammatory mediators contributes to ARDS and cytokine storm syndrome. Antiviral agents and immune modulating treatments are currently being trialled. Understanding immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV2 and the resulting delayed massive immune response will result in the identification of biomarkers that predict outcomes as well as phenotype and disease stage specific treatments that will likely include both antiviral and immune modulating agents."}, {"pmid": 32378200, "pmcid": "PMC7267602", "title": "Rescheduling of clinical activities and teleconsulting for public dermatology. Two prompt answers to COVID-19 emergency.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Morrone, Aldo", "Cristaudo, Antonio", "Ardigo, Marco", "Frascione, Pasquale", "Pacifico, Alessia", "Giuliani, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378200", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32351285, "pmcid": "PMC7188486", "title": "The Need for Prioritizing Cancer Surgeries Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Krishnamurthy, Arvind", "Gopinath, Kodaganur S"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351285", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250482, "title": "Mitigating and learning from the impact of COVID-19 infection on addictive disorders.", "journal": "Addiction", "authors": ["Marsden, John", "Darke, Shane", "Hall, Wayne", "Hickman, Matt", "Holmes, John", "Humphreys, Keith", "Neale, Joanne", "Tucker, Jalie", "West, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250482", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309796, "pmcid": "PMC7158945", "title": "Early epidemiological analysis of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak based on crowdsourced data: a population-level observational study.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["Sun, Kaiyuan", "Chen, Jenny", "Viboud, Cecile"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309796", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progresses, epidemiological data are needed to guide situational awareness and intervention strategies. Here we describe efforts to compile and disseminate epidemiological information on COVID-19 from news media and social networks. In this population-level observational study, we searched DXY.cn, a health-care-oriented social network that is currently streaming news reports on COVID-19 from local and national Chinese health agencies. We compiled a list of individual patients with COVID-19 and daily province-level case counts between Jan 13 and Jan 31, 2020, in China. We also compiled a list of internationally exported cases of COVID-19 from global news media sources (Kyodo News, The Straits Times, and CNN), national governments, and health authorities. We assessed trends in the epidemiology of COVID-19 and studied the outbreak progression across China, assessing delays between symptom onset, seeking care at a hospital or clinic, and reporting, before and after Jan 18, 2020, as awareness of the outbreak increased. All data were made publicly available in real time. We collected data for 507 patients with COVID-19 reported between Jan 13 and Jan 31, 2020, including 364 from mainland China and 143 from outside of China. 281 (55%) patients were male and the median age was 46 years (IQR 35-60). Few patients (13 [3%]) were younger than 15 years and the age profile of Chinese patients adjusted for baseline demographics confirmed a deficit of infections among children. Across the analysed period, delays between symptom onset and seeking care at a hospital or clinic were longer in Hubei province than in other provinces in mainland China and internationally. In mainland China, these delays decreased from 5 days before Jan 18, 2020, to 2 days thereafter until Jan 31, 2020 (p=0\u00b70009). Although our sample captures only 507 (5\u00b72%) of 9826 patients with COVID-19 reported by official sources during the analysed period, our data align with an official report published by Chinese authorities on Jan 28, 2020. News reports and social media can help reconstruct the progression of an outbreak and provide detailed patient-level data in the context of a health emergency. The availability of a central physician-oriented social network facilitated the compilation of publicly available COVID-19 data in China. As the outbreak progresses, social media and news reports will probably capture a diminishing fraction of COVID-19 cases globally due to reporting fatigue and overwhelmed health-care systems. In the early stages of an outbreak, availability of public datasets is important to encourage analytical efforts by independent teams and provide robust evidence to guide interventions. Fogarty International Center, US National Institutes of Health."}, {"pmid": 32311508, "pmcid": "PMC7165081", "title": "[Gynecological surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: Take home messages].", "journal": "Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol", "authors": ["Nohuz, E", "Dubernard, G", "Lamblin, G", "Lebail-Carval, K", "Chabert, P", "Chene, G"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311508", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479815, "pmcid": "PMC7258844", "title": "COVID-19 and the impact on malaria.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chiodini, Jane"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479815", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463483, "title": "Letter to the Editor in relation to Bistrian BR. Parenteral fish oil emulsions in critically ill COVID-19 emulsions [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 8]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2020;10.1002/jpen.1871.", "journal": "JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr", "authors": ["Torrinhas, Raquel S", "Calder, Philip C", "Waitzberg, Dan L"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463483", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this letter we discuss the proposition of Bristian BR (2020) to use the intravenous administration of fish oil emulsions in critically ill COVID-19. We consider that immune modulatory properties of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, rapidly provided in high amounts by fish oil emulsion, may be important to change the course of COVID-19's death pathway. Prescriptions should be based on body weight (e.g. 0.2 g pure FOLE/kg body weight/day) and also should consider combining the parenteral administration of fish oil emulsion to low oral aspirin intake, in order to trigger resolvin synthesis from EPA and DHA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32434413, "title": "Patient-Driven Discontinuation of Dupilumab During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Two Academic Hospital Clinics at the University of Toronto.", "journal": "J Cutan Med Surg", "authors": ["Georgakopoulos, Jorge R", "Yeung, Jensen"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434413", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408910, "title": "Interdisciplinary and Collaborative Approaches Needed to Determine Impact of COVID-19 on Older Adults and Aging: CAG/ACG and CJA/RCV Joint Statement.", "journal": "Can J Aging", "authors": ["Meisner, Brad A", "Boscart, Veronique", "Gaudreau, Pierrette", "Stolee, Paul", "Ebert, Patricia", "Heyer, Michelle", "Kadowaki, Laura", "Kelly, Christine", "Levasseur, Melanie", "Massie, Ariane S", "Menec, Verena", "Middleton, Laura", "Sheiban, Linda", "Thornton, Wendy Loken", "Tong, Catherine", "van den Hoonaard, Deborah K", "Wilson, Kimberley"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408910", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent state of public emergency have significantly affected older adults in Canada and worldwide. It is imperative that the gerontological response be efficient and effective. In this statement, the board members of the Canadian Association on Gerontology/L'Association canadienne de g\u00e9rontologie (CAG/ACG) and the Canadian Journal on Aging/La revue canadienne du vieillissement (CJA/RCV) acknowledge the contributions of CAG/ACG members and CJA/RCV readers. We also profile the complex ways that COVID-19 is affecting older adults, from individual to population levels, and advocate for the adoption of multidisciplinary collaborative teams to bring together different perspectives, areas of expertise, and methods of evaluation in the COVID-19 response."}, {"pmid": 32329420, "title": "The Coronavirus Epidemic.", "journal": "Med Chem", "authors": ["Hilgeroth, A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329420", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354772, "title": "Recovery from COVID-19 in a patient with spondyloarthritis treated with TNF-alpha inhibitor etanercept.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Duret, Pierre-Marie", "Sebbag, Eden", "Mallick, Auriane", "Gravier, Simon", "Spielmann, Lionel", "Messer, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354772", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250193, "pmcid": "PMC7222670", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Considerations for the Competitive Athlete.", "journal": "Sports Health", "authors": ["Toresdahl, Brett G", "Asif, Irfan M"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250193", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344326, "pmcid": "PMC7184246", "title": "COVID-19 and malaria: A symptom screening challenge for malaria endemic countries.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina", "Kapata, Nathan", "Zumla, Alimuddin"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344326", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398625, "title": "Coincidence of COVID-19 Infection and Smell: Taste Perception Disorders.", "journal": "J Craniofac Surg", "authors": ["Cetinkaya, Erdem Atalay"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398625", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many reports by physicians and patients during the 2019 to 2020 pandemic indicate that COVID-19 is associated with elevated levels of odor and taste perception disorders (anosmia, hyposmia, ageusia, and/or dysgeusia). Recent increase in olfactory dysfunction in patients referred to ear nose and throat clinics and COVID-19 infection at the same time encouraged us to examine anosmic/hyposmic patients to establish any association between these signs. It has been shown that the COVID-19 virus exploits the uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor to obtain cell entry. This result increases the interest to examine the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in neurological tissue, and to assess the possible contribution of damage. This mini review provides fundamental knowledge on coincidence of COVID-19 infection and smell-taste perception disorders from an objective perspective."}, {"pmid": 32353474, "pmcid": "PMC7184998", "title": "Genotyping coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: methods and implications.", "journal": "Genomics", "authors": ["Yin, Changchuan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353474", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging global infectious COVID-19 disease by novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents critical threats to global public health and the economy since it was identified in late December 2019 in China. The virus has gone through various pathways of evolution. To understand the evolution and transmission of SARS-CoV-2, genotyping of virus isolates is of great importance. This study presents an accurate method for effectively genotyping SARS-CoV-2 viruses using complete genomes. The method employs the multiple sequence alignments of the genome isolates with the SARS-CoV-2 reference genome. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes are then measured by Jaccard distances to track the relationship of virus isolates. The genotyping analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the globe reveals that specific multiple mutations are the predominated mutation type during the current epidemic. The proposed method serves an effective tool for monitoring and tracking the epidemic of pathogenic viruses in their global and local genetic variations. The genotyping analysis shows that the genes encoding the S proteins and RNA polymerase, RNA primase, and nucleoprotein, undergo frequent mutations. These mutations are critical for vaccine development in disease control."}, {"pmid": 32218301, "pmcid": "PMC7180491", "title": "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel (thio)semicarbazone-Based Benzimidazoles as Antiviral Agents against Human Respiratory Viruses.", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Francesconi, Valeria", "Cichero, Elena", "Schenone, Silvia", "Naesens, Lieve", "Tonelli, Michele"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218301", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory RNA viruses are responsible for recurrent acute respiratory illnesses that still represent a major medical need. Previously we developed a large variety of benzimidazole derivatives able to inhibit these viruses. Herein, two series of (thio)semicarbazone- and hydrazone-based benzimidazoles have been explored, by derivatizing 5-acetyl benzimidazoles previously reported by us, thereby evaluating the influence of the modification on the antiviral activity. Compounds 6, 8, 16 and 17, bearing the 5-(thio)semicarbazone and 5-hydrazone functionalities in combination with the 2-benzyl ring on the benzimidazole core structure, acted as dual inhibitors of influenza A virus and human coronavirus. For respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), activity is limited to the 5-thiosemicarbazone (25) and 5-hydrazone (22) compounds carrying the 2-[(benzotriazol-1/2-yl)methyl]benzimidazole scaffold. These molecules proved to be the most effective antiviral agents, able to reach the potency profile of the licensed drug ribavirin. The molecular docking analysis explained the SAR of these compounds around their binding mode to the target RSV F protein, revealing the key contacts for further assessment. The herein-investigated benzimidazole-based derivatives may represent valuable hit compounds, deserving subsequent structural improvements towards more efficient antiviral agents for the treatment of pathologies caused by these human respiratory viruses."}, {"pmid": 32512463, "title": "COVID-19: The wrong target for healthcare liability claims.", "journal": "Leg Med (Tokyo)", "authors": ["Parisi, Saverio G", "Viel, Guido", "Cecchi, Rossana", "Montisci, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512463", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Regrettably, after a first moment of appreciation and praise of the citizens for healthcare personnel facing COVID 19 pandemia, numerous episodes of actions taken against them on the issue of their legal liability followed. Impelling is to start an argumentation on this problem that aims to establish a shared conduct in dealing with them. The authors propose a basis for discussion on which to begin a constructive debate."}, {"pmid": 32436995, "title": "The potential of memantine and related adamantanes such as amantadine, to reduce the neurotoxic effects of COVID-19, including ARDS and to reduce viral replication through lysosomal effects.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Brenner, Steven R"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436995", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357379, "pmcid": "PMC7267597", "title": "Validation of a self-administered olfactory and gustatory test for the remotely evaluation of COVID-19 patients in home quarantine.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Vaira, Luigi Angelo", "Salzano, Giovanni", "Petrocelli, Marzia", "Deiana, Giovanna", "Salzano, Francesco Antonio", "De Riu, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357379", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chemosensitive disorders are very frequent in the early stages of COVID-19 and in paucisymptomatic cases. These patients are typically placed in home quarantine. This study has the aim of validating a new olfactory and gustatory objective evaluation test in these patients. Thirty-three home-quarantined COVID-19 patients have undergone a self-administered chemosensitive test the day before the control swab. On this occasion, the patients underwent operator-administered already validated tests. The results were finally compared. The differences between the results of the two tests were not significant for both the olfaction (P\u2009=.201) and the taste (P\u2009=.180). The olfactory and gustatory evaluation by self-administered test can be considered a valid tool, fundamental for obtaining objective qualitative and quantitative data on the extent of chemosensitive disorders in home-quarantined COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32422121, "pmcid": "PMC7227574", "title": "Committee Recommendations for Resuming Cardiac Surgery Activity in the SARS-CoV-2 Era: Guidance from an International Cardiac Surgery Consortium.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Chikwe, Joanna", "Gaudino, Mario", "Hameed, Irbaz", "Robinson, N Bryce", "Bakaeen, Faisal G", "Menicanti, Lorenzo", "Doenst, Torsten", "Zheng, Zhe", "Lemma, Massimo", "Falk, Volkmar", "Tatoulis, James", "Girardi, Leonard N", "Fremes, Stephen", "Ruel, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422121", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recommendations for the safe and optimized resumption of cardiac surgery care, research and education during the SARS-CoV-2 era were developed by a cardiovascular research consortium, based in 19 countries and representing a wide spectrum of experience with COVID-19. This guidance document provides a framework for restarting cardiac surgery in the outpatient and inpatient settings, in accordance with the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2, the risks posed by interrupted cardiovascular care, and the available recommendations from major societies."}, {"pmid": 32532663, "title": "The eighth alternative to evidence based medicine in the early era of the COVID-19 pandemic: Too much emergency and emotion, too little evidence.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Pieralli, Filippo", "Vannucchi, Vieri", "Olivotto, Iacopo"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532663", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305026, "pmcid": "PMC7146649", "title": "Challenges of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Zhao, Qian", "He, Yong"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305026", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339487, "pmcid": "PMC7194694", "title": "Abnormalities of peripheral blood system in patients with COVID-19 in Wenzhou, China.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Sun, Suyu", "Cai, Xuejiao", "Wang, Huaguo", "He, Guiqing", "Lin, Yin", "Lu, Bibi", "Chen, Chaoyue", "Pan, Yong", "Hu, Xingzhong"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339487", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first found in Wuhan, China and soon was reported all around the world. All confirmed cases with COVID-19 in Wenzhou from January 19 to February 20, 2020, were collected and analyzed. Of the 116 patients with COVID-19, 27 were diagnosed as severe cases. Among severe cases, 9 were treated in ICU. The data of blood routine examination were analyzed and compared among common patients (as common group), severe patients admitted to intensive care unit (as severe ICU group) and severe patients not admitted to ICU (as severe non-ICU group). The blood routine examination results were dynamically observed in the above groups after admission. Patients with COVID-19 have lower counts of leucocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, platelets, and hemoglobin, but have higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), which were compared with controls (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). In severe ICU group, patients have the lowest count of lymphocytes, but the highest neutrophil count and NLR among the above three groups (all P values\u00a0<\u00a00.05); NLR and MLR indicators were combined for diagnostic efficacy analysis of severe COVID-19, and its area under the curve reached 0.925. The odds ratio of the delay in days to the start of the increase of eosinophil count for predicting the outcome of patients with severe COVID-19 was 2.291 after age adjusted. Patients with COVID-19 have abnormal peripheral blood routine examination results. Dynamic surveillance of peripheral blood system especially eosinophils is helpful in the prediction of severe COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32279115, "pmcid": "PMC7150608", "title": "CT features of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia according to clinical presentation: a retrospective analysis of 120 consecutive patients from Wuhan city.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Zhang, Rui", "Ouyang, Huangqing", "Fu, Lingli", "Wang, Shijie", "Han, Jianglong", "Huang, Kejie", "Jia, Mingfang", "Song, Qibin", "Fu, Zhenming"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279115", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To characterize the chest computed tomography (CT) findings of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) according to clinical severity. We compared the CT features of common cases and severe cases, symptomatic patients and asymptomatic patients, and febrile and afebrile patients. This was a retrospective analysis of the clinical and thoracic CT features of 120 consecutive patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia admitted to a tertiary university hospital between January 10 and February 10, 2020, in Wuhan city, China. On admission, the patients generally complained of fever, cough, shortness of breath, and myalgia or fatigue, with diarrhea often present in severe cases. Severe patients were 20\u00a0years older on average and had comorbidities and an elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. There were no differences in the CT findings between asymptomatic and symptomatic common type patients or between afebrile and febrile patients, defined according to Chinese National Health Commission guidelines. The clinical and CT features at admission may enable clinicians to promptly evaluate the prognosis of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Clinicians should be aware that clinically silent cases may present with CT features similar to those of symptomatic common patients. \u2022 The clinical features and predominant patterns of abnormalities on CT for asymptomatic, typic common, and severe cases were summarized. These findings may help clinicians to identify severe patients quickly at admission. \u2022 Clinicians should be cautious that CT findings of afebrile/asymptomatic patients are not better than the findings of other types of patients. These patients should also be quarantined. \u2022 The use of chest CT as the main screening method in epidemic areas is recommended."}, {"pmid": 32062957, "title": "[Clinical characteristics of 30 medical workers infected with new coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, M", "He, P", "Liu, H G", "Wang, X J", "Li, F J", "Chen, S", "Lin, J", "Chen, P", "Liu, J H", "Li, C H"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32062957", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of medical staff with novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP). Methods: 30 patients infected with novel coronavirus referred to jianghan university hospital between January 11, 2020 and January 3, 2020 were studied. The data reviewed included those of clinical manifestations, laboratory investigation and Radiographic features. Results: The patients consisted of 10 men and 20 women, including 22 doctors and 8 nurses,aged 21~59 years(mean 35\u00b18 years).They were divided to 26 common type and 4 severe cases, all of whom had close(within 1m) contact with patients infected of novel coronavirus pneumonia. The average contact times were 12 (7,16) and the average cumulative contact time was 2 (1.5,2.7) h.Clinical symptoms of these patients were fever in 23 patients (76.67%) , headache in 16 petients (53.33%) , fatigue or myalgia in 21patients (70%) , nausea, vomiting or diarrhea in 9 petients (30%) , cough in 25 petients (83.33%) , and dyspnea in 14 petients (46.67%) .Routine blood test revealed WBC <4.0\u00d710(9)/L in 8 petients (26.67%) , (4-10) \u00d710(9)/L in 22 petients (73.33%) , and WBC>4.0\u00d710(9)/L in 4 petients (13.33%) during the disease.Lymphocyte count <1.0\u00d710(9)/L occurred in 12 petients (40%),abnormal liver function in 7 petients (23.33%) ,myocardial damage in 5 petients(16.67%), elevated D-dimer (>0.5mg/l) in 5 patients (16.67%). Compared with normal patients, the average exposure times, cumulative exposure time, BMI, Fever time, white blood cell count, liver enzyme, LDH, myoenzyme and D-dimer were significantly increased in severe patients, while the lymphocyte count and albumin levels in peripheral blood were significantly decreased.Chest CT mainly showed patchy shadows and interstitial changes.According to imaging examination, 11 patients (36.67%) showed Unilateral pneumonia and 19 patients (63.33%) showed bilateral pneumonia,4 patients (13.33%) showed bilateral multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity.Compared with the patients infected in the protected period, the proportion of severe infection and bilateral pneumonia were both increased in the patients infected in unprotected period. Conclusion: Medical staffs are at higher risk of infection.Infection rates are associated with contact time, the amount of suction virus. Severe patients had BMI increased, heating time prolonged , white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, D-dimer and albumin level significantly changed and were prone to be complicated with liver damage and myocardial damage.Strict protection measures is important to prevent infection for medical workers."}, {"pmid": 32427018, "title": "Several neonates reported positive for COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Jones, Joshua", "Jones, Stephen", "Jones, Vinci"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427018", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409825, "pmcid": "PMC7239233", "title": "Analysis of the infection status of the health care workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zheng, Lichun", "Wang, Xiang", "Zhou, Chongchong", "Liu, Qin", "Li, Shuang", "Sun, Qin", "Wang, Mengjia", "Zhou, Qian", "Wang, Wenmei"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409825", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health care workers at the frontline are facing a substantial risk of infection during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. We acquired information and data on the general information, infection and death status of health care workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 outbreak and completed statistical analyses. We have obtained the data on 2,457 infected cases among health care workers in Wuhan, China. More than half of the infected individuals were nurses (52.06%), while 33.62% of infected cases were doctors and 14.33% of cases were medical staff. In particular, the case infection rate of nurses (2.22%) was remarkably higher than that of doctors (1.92%). Most infected cases among health care workers were female (72.28%). A majority of the infected health care workers (89.26%) came from general hospitals, followed by specialized hospitals (5.70%) and community hospitals (5.05%). The case infection rate of health care workers (2.10%) was dramatically higher than that of non-health care workers (0.43%). The case fatality rate of health care workers (0.69%) was significantly lower than that of non-health care workers (5.30%). The infection risk of HCWs is clearly higher than that of non-HCWs. HCWs play an essential role in fighting the pandemic. The analysis of the infection status of HCWs is essential to attract enough attention from the public, provide effective suggestions for government agencies and improve protective measures for HCWs."}, {"pmid": 32526068, "title": "Perspectives of patients with rheumatic diseases in the early phase of COVID-19.", "journal": "Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)", "authors": ["Antony, Anna", "Connelly, Kathryn", "De Silva, Thilinie", "Eades, Laura", "Tillett, William", "Ayoub, Sally", "Morand, Eric"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526068", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine health perceptions of patients with rheumatic diseases in the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Rheumatology patients at a single centre received via text message the national Rheumatology Association COVID-19 information sheet and an invitation to participate in a de-identified survey. Patient concerns regarding risks conferred by their rheumatological disease or medications, impact of receiving the information sheet on the likelihood of staying on medication, and acceptance of telehealth, were ascertained. 2,630 patients received the message and the survey response rate was 21% (n=550). Mean (\u00b1SD) age was 52 (\u00b115.2) years and 75% were female. Participants' highest ranked concern was that their medications would increase their severity of COVID-19 (76.1%). The highest levels of concern were seen in patients on combination conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) and/or a biologic/targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (b/tsDMARD). There was no association between prednisolone dose and concern. While 63% of patients planned to continue their anti-rheumatic medications, a further 30% were more likely to stay on their medications as a result of receiving the information. Telehealth was acceptable to 98.4% of patients, but 28.1% felt this was only appropriate while infection control measures were in place. Concerns regarding the risk of COVID-19 among patients on anti-rheumatic drugs are common. Proactive dissemination of information is needed to address misconceptions relating to medication risk, improve medication adherence and minimise the risk of flares. Telehealth is acceptable to a majority of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32463534, "title": "Heart failure management during COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Telemedicine experience from a heart failure university tertiary referral centre.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Salzano, Andrea", "D'Assante, Roberta", "Stagnaro, Francesca Maria", "Valente, Valeria", "Crisci, Giulia", "Giardino, Federica", "Arcopinto, Michele", "Bossone, Eduardo", "Marra, Alberto Maria", "Cittadini, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463534", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297995, "pmcid": "PMC7262117", "title": "High IL-6/IFN-gamma ratio could be associated with severe disease in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lagunas-Rangel, Francisco Alejandro", "Chavez-Valencia, Venice"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297995", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524964, "title": "COVID-19 and Brazilian Indigenous Populations.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Cupertino, Graziela Almeida", "Cupertino, Marli do Carmo", "Gomes, Andreia Patricia", "Braga, Luciene Muniz", "Siqueira-Batista, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524964", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The newly discovered SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of COVID-19, including severe respiratory symptoms with an important lethality rate and high dissemination capacity. Considering the indigenous people of Brazil, it is feared that COVID-19 will spread to these communities, causing another stage of decimation. Despite advances in indigenous health care in the country, there are still many challenges due to the social vulnerability of this population, whose lands continue to be illegally exploited. Based on these considerations, this article discusses challenges in caring for the indigenous population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil."}, {"pmid": 32353826, "pmcid": "PMC7172837", "title": "Keeping the country positive during the COVID 19 pandemic: Evidence from India.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Vibha", "Prabhu, Arvind N", "Kamath, Giridhar B", "Pai, Divya Venkatesh"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353826", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366174, "title": "Sustaining Otolaryngology Services for the Long Haul during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from a Tertiary Health System.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Tay, Joshua K", "Lim, Wei Sian", "Loh, Woei Shyang", "Loh, Kwok Seng"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366174", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been far-reaching and has profoundly affected the practice of otolaryngology in an unprecedented way. In this commentary, we draw from our experience in the first 90 days of the pandemic and discuss a set of workflow measures, personal protection equipment protocols, and strategic goals that can provide a safe environment for patients and staff to continue managing a significant proportion of patients in the otolaryngology service during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32092748, "title": "COVID-19: Real-time dissemination of scientific information to fight a public health emergency of international concern.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Song, Peipei", "Karako, Takashi"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092748", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapidly sharing scientific information is an effective way to reduce public panic about COVID-19, and doing so is the key to providing real-time guidance to epidemiologists working to contain the outbreak, clinicians managing patients, and modelers helping to understand future developments and the possible effectiveness of various interventions. This issue has rapidly reviewed and published articles describing COVID-19, including the drug treatment options for SARS-CoV-2, its clinical characteristics, and therapies involving a combination of Chinese and Western medicine, the efficacy of chloroquine phosphate in the treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia according to clinical studies, and reflections on the system of reserve medical supplies for public health emergencies. As an academic journal, we will continue to quickly and transparently share data with frontline healthcare workers who need to know the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32378345, "pmcid": "PMC7203569", "title": "The time is now: expedited HIV differentiated service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Int AIDS Soc", "authors": ["Wilkinson, Lynne", "Grimsrud, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378345", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494855, "pmcid": "PMC7268187", "title": "Mild COVID-19 symptoms despite treatment with teriflunomide and high-dose methylprednisolone due to multiple sclerosis relapse.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Mohn, Nora", "Saker, Firas", "Bonda, Viktoria", "Respondek, Gesine", "Bachmann, Marcus", "Stoll, Matthias", "Wattjes, Mike P", "Stangel, Martin", "Skripuletz, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494855", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474040, "pmcid": "PMC7255704", "title": "The potential impact of vulnerability and coping capacity on the pandemic control of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wong, Martin Cs", "Teoh, Jeremy Yc", "Huang, Junjie", "Wong, Sunny H"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474040", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530738, "title": "Decrease in Hospital Admissions for Transient Ischemic Attack, Mild, and Moderate Stroke During the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Diegoli, Henrique", "Magalhaes, Pedro S C", "Martins, Sheila C O", "Moro, Carla H C", "Franca, Paulo H C", "Safanelli, Juliana", "Nagel, Vivian", "Venancio, Vanessa G", "Liberato, Rafaela B", "Longo, Alexandre L"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530738", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the onset of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, doctors and public authorities have demonstrated concern about the reduction in quality of care for other health conditions due to social restrictions and lack of resources. Using a population-based stroke registry, we investigated the impact of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in stroke admissions in Joinville, Brazil. Patients admitted after the onset of COVID-19 restrictions in the city (defined as March 17, 2020) were compared with those admitted in 2019. We analyzed differences between stroke incidence, types, severity, reperfusion therapies, and time from stroke onset to admission. Statistical tests were also performed to compare the 30 days before and after COVID-19 to the same period in 2019. We observed a decrease in total stroke admissions from an average of 12.9/100 000 per month in 2019 to 8.3 after COVID-19 (P=0.0029). When compared with the same period in 2019, there was a 36.4% reduction in stroke admissions. There was no difference in admissions for severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >8), intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The onset of COVID-19 was correlated with a reduction in admissions for transient, mild, and moderate strokes. Given the need to prevent the worsening of symptoms and the occurrence of medical complications in these groups, a reorganization of the stroke-care networks is necessary to reduce collateral damage caused by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32379887, "pmcid": "PMC7239156", "title": "T cell subset counts in peripheral blood can be used as discriminatory biomarkers for diagnosis and severity prediction of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jiang, Mei", "Guo, Yang", "Luo, Qing", "Huang, ZiKun", "Zhao, Rui", "Liu, ShuYuan", "Le, AiPing", "Li, JunMing", "Wan, LaGen"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379887", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study evaluated the significance of lymphocyte subsets detection in peripheral blood in the diagnosis and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our results revealed that CD3+T, CD4+T, CD8+T cells and NK cells were significantly decreased in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients had a relatively slight decrease in CD4+T cells but a severe decrease of CD8+T cells. The significantly elevated CD4/CD8 ratio was observed in COVID-19 patients. T cell subset counts were related to the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. The counts of CD8+T and CD4+T cells can be used as diagnostic markers of COVID-19 and predictors of disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32358691, "pmcid": "PMC7194500", "title": "Radiographic severity index in COVID-19 pneumonia: relationship to age and sex in 783 Italian patients.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Borghesi, Andrea", "Zigliani, Angelo", "Masciullo, Roberto", "Golemi, Salvatore", "Maculotti, Patrizia", "Farina, Davide", "Maroldi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358691", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To improve the risk stratification of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an experimental chest X-ray (CXR) scoring system for quantifying lung abnormalities was introduced in our Diagnostic Imaging Department. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate correlations between the CXR score and the age or sex of Italian patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Between March 4, 2020, and March 18, 2020, all CXR reports containing the new scoring system were retrieved. Only hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. For each patient, age, sex, and the CXR report containing the highest score were considered for the analysis. Patients were also divided into seven groups according to age. Nonparametric statistical tests were used to examine the relationship between the severity of lung disease and the age or sex. 783 Italian patients (532 males and 251 females) with SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. The CXR score was significantly higher in males than in females only in groups aged 50 to 79\u00a0years. A significant correlation was observed between the CXR score and age in both males and females. Males aged 50\u00a0years or older and females aged 80\u00a0years or older with coronavirus disease 2019 showed the highest CXR score (median\u2009\u2265\u20098). Males aged 50\u00a0years or older and females aged 80\u00a0years or older showed the highest risk of developing severe lung disease. Our results may help to identify the highest-risk patients and those who require specific treatment strategies."}, {"pmid": 32482367, "pmcid": "PMC7247483", "title": "Fungal antigenemia in patients with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The facts and challenges.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lei, Yake", "Song, Yinggai", "Shu, Yilin", "Zhao, Youyun", "Huo, Xixiang", "Wang, He", "Zeng, Yingchun", "Yu, Xiao", "Li, Xiang", "Ye, Guojun", "Fang, Bin", "Han, Shi", "Li, Ruoyu", "Liu, Linlin"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482367", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425315, "pmcid": "PMC7227588", "title": "Are we equal in adversity? Does Covid-19 affect women and men differently?", "journal": "Maturitas", "authors": ["Serge, Rozenberg", "Vandromme, Jean", "Charlotte, Martin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425315", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article examines whether women are less prone than men to Covid-19 infections and their complications. We reviewed available databases and searched systematically for publications. To be taken into account, data had to be broken down by gender. There was no study evaluation nor quantification synthesis, due to the large heterogeneity of the studies. Nineteen databases were selected. 73 publications were considered and 33 were selected, to which 12 more were added. Globally, the proportion of men and women who tested positive is comparable. However, men are about 60% more likely to be severely ill or to die from the complications of Covid-19 than are women. The study was hampered by a large heterogeneity in testing and reporting of the data. Although in the pandemic men die more frequently than women from Covid-19, it is not clear whether this is due to biological differences between men and women, differences in behavioral habits, or differences in the rates of co-morbidities. Countries and studies should report their data by age, gender and co-morbidities. This may have implications in terms of vaccination strategies, the choice of treatments and future consequences for long-term health issues concerning gender equality."}, {"pmid": 32433285, "pmcid": "PMC7268822", "title": "Current Evidence for Minimally Invasive Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Risk Mitigation Strategies: A Narrative Review.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Chadi, Sami A", "Guidolin, Keegan", "Caycedo-Marulanda, Antonio", "Sharkawy, Abdu", "Spinelli, Antonino", "Quereshy, Fayez A", "Okrainec, Allan"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433285", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our objective was to review the literature surrounding the risks of viral transmission during laparoscopic surgery and propose mitigation measures to address these risks. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused surgeons the world over to re-evaluate their approach to surgical procedures given concerns over the risk of aerosolization of viral particles and exposure of operating room staff to infection. International society guidelines advise against the use of laparoscopy; however, the evidence on this topic is scant and recommendations are based on the perceived most cautious course of action. We conducted a narrative review of the existing literature surrounding the risks of viral transmission during laparoscopic surgery and balance these risks against the benefits of minimally invasive approaches. We also propose mitigation measures to address these risks that we have adopted in our institution. While it is currently assumed that open surgery minimizes operating room staff exposure to the virus, our findings reveal that this may not be the case. A well-informed, evidence-based opinion is critical when making decisions regarding which operative approach to pursue, for the safety and well-being of the patient, the operating room staff, and the healthcare system at large. Minimally invasive surgical approaches offer significant advantages with respect to both patient care, and the mitigation of the risk of viral transmission during surgery, provided the appropriate equipment and expertise are present."}, {"pmid": 32517970, "title": "Initial data from an experiment to implement a safe procedure to perform PA erect chest radiographs for COVID-19 patients with a mobile radiographic system in a \"clean\" zone of the hospital ward.", "journal": "Radiography (Lond)", "authors": ["Sng, L H", "Arlany, L", "Toh, L C", "Loo, T Y", "Ilzam, N S", "Wong, B S S", "Lanca, L"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517970", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the current Covid-19 pandemic, general wards have been converted into cohort wards for Covid-19 patients who are stable and ambulant. A 2-radiographer mobile radiography team is required to perform bedside Chest X-rays (CXR) for these patients. Hospital guidelines require both radiographers to be in full Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) throughout the image acquisition process and the mobile radiographic unit needs to be disinfected twice after each case. This affects the efficiency of the procedure and an increase usage of limited PPE resources. This study aims to explore the feasibility of performing mobile chest radiography with the mobile radiographic unit in a \"clean\" zone of the hospital ward. An anthropomorphic body phantom was used during the test. With the mobile radiographic unit placed in a \"clean\" zone, the phantom and the mobile radiographic unit was segregated by the room door with a clear glass panel. The test was carried out with the room door open and closed. Integrated radiation level and patient dose were measured. A consultant radiologist was invited to review and score all the images acquired using a Barco Medical Grade workstation. The Absolute Visual Grading Analysis (VGA) scoring system was used to score these images. A VGA score of 4 was given to all the 40 test images, suggesting that there is no significant differences in the image quality of the images acquired using the 2 different methods. Radiation exposure received by the patient at the highest kV setting through the glass is comparable to the regular CXR on patient without glass panel at 90\u00a0kV, suggesting that there is no significant increase in patient dose. The result suggests that acquiring CXR with the X-ray beam attenuating through a glass panel is a safe and feasible way of performing CXR for COVID-19 patients in the newly converted COVID wards. This will allow the mobile radiographic unit as well as one radiographer to be completely segregated from the patient. This new method of acquiring CXR in an isolation facility set up requires a 2-Radiographer mobile radiography team, and is applicable only for patients who are generally well and not presented with any mobility issues. It is also important to note that a clear glass panel must be present in the barriers set up for segregation between the \"clean\" zone and patient zone in order to use this new method of acquiring CXR."}, {"pmid": 32475693, "pmcid": "PMC7205690", "title": "[Mental health care in French correctional facilities during the Covid-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Fovet, T", "Lancelevee, C", "Eck, M", "Scouflaire, T", "Becache, E", "Dandelot, D", "Giravalli, P", "Guillard, A", "Horrach, P", "Lacambre, M", "Lefebvre, T", "Moncany, A-H", "Touitou, D", "David, M", "Thomas, P"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475693", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the 11\u00a0million people currently incarcerated worldwide is the subject of many concerns. Prisons and jails are filled with people suffering from many preexisting medical conditions increasing the risk of complications. Detainees' access to medical services is already limited and overcrowding poses a threat of massive contagion. Beyond the health impact of the crisis, the tightening of prison conditions worries. On March 16, 2020, in France, the lockdown measures have been accompanied by specific provisions for prisons: all facilities have suspended visitations, group activities and external interventions. Over 10,000\u00a0prisoners have been released to reduce the prison population and the risk of virus propagation. These adjustments had major consequences on the healthcare system in French prisons. The objectives of this article are to describe the reorganization of the three levels of psychiatric care for inmates in France in the context of Covid-19 pandemic and to have a look at the impact of lockdown measures and early releases on mental health of prisoners. This work is based on a survey conducted in April 2020 in France among psychiatric healthcare providers working in 42 ambulatory units for inmates and in the 9 full-time inpatient psychiatric wards exclusively for inmates called \"UHSAs\" (which stands for \"unit\u00e9s hospitali\u00e8res sp\u00e9cialement am\u00e9nag\u00e9es\", and can be translated as \"specially equipped hospital units\"). A review of the international literature on mental healthcare system for inmates during the Covid-19 epidemic has also been performed. The Covid-19 epidemic has been rather contained during the period of confinement in French prisons but the impact of confinement measures on the prison population is significant. The three levels of psychiatric care for inmates have implemented specific measures to ensure continuity of care, to support detainees during Coronavirus lockdown and to prevent an infection's spread. Among the most important are: limitation of medical consultations to serious and urgent cases, creation of \"Covid units\", cancellation of voluntary psychiatric hospitalizations, reinforcement of preventive hygiene measures and reshuffling of medical staff. Prolonged confinement has consequences on mental health of detainees. Currently, mental health workers are facing multiple clinical situations such as forced drug and substance withdrawal (linked to difficulties in supplying psychoactive substances), symptoms of anxiety (due to concerns for their own and their relatives' well-being) and decompensation among patients with severe psychiatric conditions. Early releases from prison may also raise some issues. People recently released from prison are identified as at high risk of death by suicide and drug overdose. The lack of time to provide the necessary link between health services within prisons and health structures outside could have serious consequences, emphasizing the well-known \"revolving prison doors\" effect. The current lockdown measures applied in French jails and prisons point out the disparities between psychiatric care for inmates and psychiatric care for general population. Giving the high vulnerability of prison population, public health authorities should pay more attention to health care in prisons."}, {"pmid": 32371150, "pmcid": "PMC7194049", "title": "Immediate impact of COVID-19 on transplant activity in the Netherlands.", "journal": "Transpl Immunol", "authors": ["de Vries, A P J", "Alwayn, I P J", "Hoek, R A S", "van den Berg, A P", "Ultee, F C W", "Vogelaar, S M", "Haase-Kromwijk, B J J M", "Heemskerk, M B A", "Hemke, A C", "Nijboer, W N", "Schaefer, B S", "Kuiper, M A", "de Jonge, J", "van der Kaaij, N P", "Reinders, M E J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371150", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented and poses an unparalleled obstacle in the sixty-five year history of organ transplantation. Worldwide, the delivery of transplant care is severely challenged by matters concerning - but not limited to - organ procurement, risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, screening strategies of donors and recipients, decisions to postpone or proceed with transplantation, the attributable risk of immunosuppression for COVID-19 and entrenched health care resources and capacity. The transplant community is faced with choosing a lesser of two evils: initiating immunosuppression and potentially accepting detrimental outcome when transplant recipients develop COVID-19 versus postponing transplantation and accepting associated waitlist mortality. Notably, prioritization of health care services for COVID-19 care raises concerns about allocation of resources to deliver care for transplant patients who might otherwise have excellent 1-year and 10-year survival rates. Children and young adults with end-stage organ disease in particular seem more disadvantaged by withholding transplantation because of capacity issues than from medical consequences of SARS-CoV-2. This report details the nationwide response of the Dutch transplant community to these issues and the immediate consequences for transplant activity. Worrisome, there was a significant decrease in organ donation numbers affecting all organ transplant services. In addition, there was a detrimental effect on transplantation numbers in children with end-organ failure. Ongoing efforts focus on mitigation of not only primary but also secondary harm of the pandemic and to find right definitions and momentum to restore the transplant programs."}, {"pmid": 32275260, "title": "Protection and disinfection policies against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Fathizadeh, Hadis", "Maroufi, Parham", "Momen-Heravi, Mansooreh", "Dao, Sounkalo", "Kose, Sukran", "Ganbarov, Khudaverdi", "Pagliano, Pasquale", "Esposito, Silvano", "Kafil, Hossein Samadi"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275260", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, reports from China of the incidence of pneumonia with unknown etiology were sent to the World Health Organization (WHO). Shortly afterwards, the cause of this disease was identified as the novel beta-coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and its genetic sequence was published on January 12, 2020. Human-to-human transmission via respiratory droplets and contact with aerosol infected surfaces are the major ways of transmitting this virus. Here we attempted to collect information on virus stability in the air and on surfaces and ways of preventing of SARS-CoV-2 spreading."}, {"pmid": 32305024, "pmcid": "PMC7195043", "title": "Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications for COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Vaishya, Raju", "Javaid, Mohd", "Khan, Ibrahim Haleem", "Haleem, Abid"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305024", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare delivery requires the support of new technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data and Machine Learning to fight and look ahead against the new diseases. We aim to review the role of AI as a decisive technology to analyze, prepare us for prevention and fight with COVID-19 (Coronavirus) and other pandemics. The rapid review of the literature is done on the database of Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar using the keyword of COVID-19 or Coronavirus and Artificial Intelligence or AI. Collected the latest information regarding AI for COVID-19, then analyzed the same to identify its possible application for this disease. We have identified seven significant applications of AI for COVID-19 pandemic. This technology plays an important role to detect the cluster of cases and to predict where this virus will affect in future by collecting and analyzing all previous data. Healthcare organizations are in an urgent need for decision-making technologies to handle this virus and help them in getting proper suggestions in real-time to avoid its spread. AI works in a proficient way to mimic like human intelligence. It may also play a vital role in understanding and suggesting the development of a vaccine for COVID-19. This result-driven technology is used for proper screening, analyzing, prediction and tracking of current patients and likely future patients. The significant applications are applied to tracks data of confirmed, recovered and death cases."}, {"pmid": 32416412, "pmcid": "PMC7199685", "title": "Free DNA, a reason for severe COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Liu, Bin"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416412", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The fast-growing outbreak of 2019 novel coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2) reached all continents except the Antarctica in merely three months. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) has a bad clinical outcome, and some reports emphasized the role of cytokine storm and dysfunctions of multiple organs. However, the etiology of severe COVID-19 has been largely unknown. Similar as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 is also thought derived from bat coronaviruses. However, it is not pathogenic for bat at all, because free DNA in cytoplasm or blood cannot bring up violent immune response in bat; but it can produce severe inflammations in human. I hypothesized that the damage induced by free DNA is a reason for severe COVID-19, which can explain many symptoms of this disease, such as cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and muscus plug, acute injuries of heart, liver and kidney, and some special symptoms of COVID-19. My hypothesis will be helpful for better understand the etiology of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32497806, "pmcid": "PMC7263257", "title": "Continuous physiological monitoring using wearable technology to inform individual management of infectious diseases, public health and outbreak responses.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ming, D K", "Sorawat, S", "Chanh, H Q", "Nhat, P T H", "Yacoub, S", "Georgiou, P", "Holmes, A H"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497806", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Optimal management of infectious diseases is guided by up-to-date information at the individual and public health level. For infections of global importance including emerging pandemics such as COVID-19 or prevalent endemic diseases such like dengue, identifying patients at risk of severe disease and clinical deterioration can be challenging given the majority present with a mild illness. In our article, we describe the use of wearable technology for continuous physiological monitoring in healthcare. Deployment of wearables in hospital settings for the management of infectious diseases, or in the community to support syndromic surveillance during outbreaks could provide significant, cost effective advantages and improve healthcare delivery. We highlight a range of promising technologies employed by wearable devices and discuss the technical and ethical issues relating to implementation in the clinic, with specific focus on low- and middle- income countries. Finally, we propose a set of essential criteria for the roll-out of wearable technology for clinical use."}, {"pmid": 32459353, "pmcid": "PMC7254178", "title": "Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Asymptomatic vs Symptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Yang, Rongrong", "Gui, Xien", "Xiong, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459353", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425270, "pmcid": "PMC7231725", "title": "Potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 identified by high-throughput single-cell sequencing of convalescent patients' B cells.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Cao, Yunlong", "Su, Bin", "Guo, Xianghua", "Sun, Wenjie", "Deng, Yongqiang", "Bao, Linlin", "Zhu, Qinyu", "Zhang, Xu", "Zheng, Yinghui", "Geng, Chenyang", "Chai, Xiaoran", "He, Runsheng", "Li, Xiaofeng", "Lv, Qi", "Zhu, Hua", "Deng, Wei", "Xu, Yanfeng", "Wang, Yanjun", "Qiao, Luxin", "Tan, Yafang", "Song, Liyang", "Wang, Guopeng", "Du, Xiaoxia", "Gao, Ning", "Liu, Jiangning", "Xiao, Junyu", "Su, Xiao-Dong", "Du, Zongmin", "Feng, Yingmei", "Qin, Chuan", "Qin, Chengfeng", "Jin, Ronghua", "Xie, X Sunney"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425270", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic urgently needs therapeutic and prophylactic interventions. Here we report the rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies by high-throughput single-cell RNA and VDJ sequencing of antigen-enriched B cells from 60 convalescent patients. From 8,558 antigen-binding IgG1+ clonotypes, 14 potent neutralizing antibodies were identified with the most potent one, BD-368-2, exhibiting an IC50 of 1.2 ng/mL and 15 ng/mL against pseudotyped and authentic SARS-CoV-2, respectively. BD-368-2 also displayed strong therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy in SARS-CoV-2-infected hACE2-transgenic mice. Additionally, the 3.8\u00c5 Cryo-EM structure of a neutralizing antibody in complex with the spike-ectodomain trimer revealed the antibody's epitope overlaps with the ACE2 binding site. Moreover, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies could be directly selected based on similarities of their predicted CDR3H structures to those of SARS-CoV neutralizing antibodies. Altogether, we showed that human neutralizing antibodies could be efficiently discovered by high-throughput single B-cell sequencing in response to pandemic infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32499650, "title": "The online competition between pro- and anti-vaccination views.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Johnson, Neil F", "Velasquez, Nicolas", "Restrepo, Nicholas Johnson", "Leahy, Rhys", "Gabriel, Nicholas", "El Oud, Sara", "Zheng, Minzhang", "Manrique, Pedro", "Wuchty, Stefan", "Lupu, Yonatan"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499650", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Distrust in scientific expertise1-14 is dangerous. Opposition to vaccination with a future vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, for example, could amplify outbreaks2-4, as happened for measles in 20195,6. Homemade remedies7,8 and falsehoods are being shared widely on the Internet, as well as dismissals of expert advice9-11. There is a lack of understanding about how this distrust evolves at the system level13,14. Here we provide a map of the contention surrounding vaccines that has emerged from the global pool of around three billion Facebook users. Its core reveals a multi-sided landscape of unprecedented intricacy that involves nearly 100\u00a0million individuals partitioned into highly dynamic, interconnected clusters across cities, countries, continents and languages. Although smaller in overall size, anti-vaccination clusters manage to become highly entangled with undecided clusters in the main online network, whereas pro-vaccination clusters are more peripheral. Our theoretical framework reproduces the recent explosive growth in anti-vaccination views, and predicts that these views will dominate in a decade. Insights provided by this framework can inform new policies and approaches to interrupt this shift to negative views. Our results challenge the conventional thinking about undecided individuals in issues of contention surrounding health, shed light on other issues of contention such as climate change11, and highlight the key role of network cluster dynamics in multi-species ecologies15."}, {"pmid": 32304488, "pmcid": "PMC7188032", "title": "Pharmacologic Treatment of Transplant Recipients Infected With SARS-CoV-2: Considerations Regarding Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Drug-Drug Interactions.", "journal": "Ther Drug Monit", "authors": ["Elens, Laure", "Langman, Loralie J", "Hesselink, Dennis A", "Bergan, Stein", "Moes, Dirk Jan A R", "Molinaro, Mariadelfina", "Venkataramanan, Raman", "Lemaitre, Florian"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304488", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a novel infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory distress (SARS)-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several therapeutic options are currently emerging but none with universal consensus or proven efficacy. Solid organ transplant recipients are perceived to be at increased risk of severe COVID-19 because of their immunosuppressed conditions due to chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs). It is therefore likely that solid organ transplant recipients will be treated with these experimental antivirals. This article is not intended to provide a systematic literature review on investigational treatments tested against COVID-19; rather, the authors aim to provide recommendations for therapeutic drug monitoring of ISDs in transplant recipients infected with SARS-CoV-2 based on a review of existing data in the literature. Management of drug-drug interactions between investigational anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs and immunosuppressants is a complex task for the clinician. Adequate immunosuppression is necessary to prevent graft rejection while, if critically ill, the patient may benefit from pharmacotherapeutic interventions directed at limiting SARS-CoV-2 viral replication. Maintaining ISD concentrations within the desired therapeutic range requires a highly individualized approach that is complicated by the pandemic context and lack of hindsight. With this article, the authors inform the clinician about the potential interactions of experimental COVID-19 treatments with ISDs used in transplantation. Recommendations regarding therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustments in the context of COVID-19 are provided."}, {"pmid": 32015560, "pmcid": "PMC7095972", "title": "Communication, collaboration and cooperation can stop the 2019 coronavirus.", "journal": "Nat Med", "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32015560", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317402, "title": "Early Description of Coronavirus 2019 Disease in Kidney Transplant Recipients in New York.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317402", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although immunosuppressed individuals are thought to be at an increased risk of severe disease, little is known about their clinical presentation, disease course, or outcomes. We report 15 kidney transplant recipients from the Columbia University kidney transplant program who required hospitalization for confirmed COVID-19, and describe their management, clinical course, and outcomes. Patients presented most often with a fever (87%) and/or cough (67%). Initial chest x-ray most commonly showed bilateral infiltrates, but 33% had no acute radiographic findings. Patients were managed with immunosuppression reduction and the addition of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. Although 27% of our patients needed mechanical ventilation, over half were discharged home by the end of follow-up. Kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 have presentations that are similar to that of the general population. Our current treatment protocol appears to be associated with favorable outcomes, but longer follow-up of a larger cohort of patients is needed."}, {"pmid": 32442264, "title": "Labor and Delivery Visitor Policies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Balancing Risks and Benefits.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Arora, Kavita Shah", "Mauch, Jaclyn T", "Gibson, Kelly Smith"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442264", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236644, "pmcid": "PMC7106051", "title": "Identification of a potential mechanism of acute kidney injury during the COVID-19 outbreak: a study based on single-cell transcriptome analysis.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Pan, Xiu-Wu", "Xu, Da", "Zhang, Hao", "Zhou, Wang", "Wang, Lin-Hui", "Cui, Xin-Gang"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236644", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304747, "pmcid": "PMC7158830", "title": "Angiotensin receptor blockers and COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Saavedra, Juan M"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304747", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) exhibit major pleiotropic protecting effects beyond their antihypertensive properties, including reduction of inflammation. ARBs directly protect the lung from the severe acute respiratory syndrome as a result of viral infections, including those from coronavirus. The protective effect of ACE2 is enhanced by ARB administration. For these reasons ARB therapy must be continued for patients affected by hypertension, diabetes and renal disease, comorbidities of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Controlled clinical studies should be conducted to determine whether ARBs may be included as additional therapy for COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32324223, "pmcid": "PMC7188138", "title": "Switching antihypertensive therapy in times of COVID-19: why we should wait for the evidence.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Kuster, Gabriela M", "Osswald, Stefan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324223", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318782, "pmcid": "PMC7171056", "title": "Key elements of preparedness for pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in nuclear medicine units.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Assadi, Majid", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali", "Jokar, Narges", "Keshavarz, Mohsen", "Picchio, Maria", "Seregni, Ettore", "Bombardieri, Emilio", "Chiti, Arturo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318782", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360677, "pmcid": "PMC7194690", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on vascular training.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Mousa, Albeir Y", "Broce, Mike"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360677", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498535, "title": "Application of the PDCA cycle for standardized nursing management in a COVID-19 intensive care unit.", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "authors": ["Chen, Yihong", "Zheng, Jili", "Wu, Dingyun", "Zhang, Yuxia", "Lin, Ying"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nursing quality is an integral part of health care quality and one of key performance indicators (KPIs) for health care management. The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle is a management tool for continuous improvement of a business's products or processes. It can be applied to standardize nursing management and thus improve the nursing quality and increase the survival rate of patients. This study assessed the value of the PDCA cycle in standardizing nursing management in an intensive care unit (ICU) for patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The status quo of the ICU was analyzed, and the relevant issues and countermeasures were proposed. The PDCA cycle was applied to standardize the nursing management in the ICU. Nine measures were proposed and applied to improve the management of the COVID-19 ICU: defining the clean or contaminated areas, use of self-designed shoe storage cabinets, defining staff roles and responsibilities, establishing the staffing structure, staff training, placing items at fixed locations, improving shift handover, use of bulletin boards for listing key points, and use of reserved drugs cabinets. The virus contamination awareness, professional skills, awareness of duties and responsibilities, and quality and performance of nursing were remarkably improved 2 weeks after the implementation of the above countermeasures. The PDCA cycle helps to standardize nursing management in COVID-19 ICU by developing and applying effective nursing management approaches."}, {"pmid": 32302000, "pmcid": "PMC7184358", "title": "The duration of viral shedding of discharged patients with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhou, Bo", "She, Jianqing", "Wang, Yadan", "Ma, Xiancang"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302000", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has drawn global intensive attention1-3. Most of studies paid attention to epidemiological, clinical, and radiological features of inpatients with COVID-191-3. However, little studies have focused on clinical characteristics of discharged patients with severe COVID-19, especially the duration of viral shedding."}, {"pmid": 32491098, "pmcid": "PMC7269533", "title": "Surveillance of the first cases of COVID-19 in Sergipe using a prospective spatiotemporal analysis: the spatial dispersion and its public health implications.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Andrade, Lucas Almeida", "Gomes, Dharliton Soares", "Goes, Marco Aurelio de Oliveira", "Souza, Mercia Simone Feitosa de", "Teixeira, Daniela Cabral Pizzi", "Ribeiro, Caique Jordan Nunes", "Alves, Jose Antonio Barreto", "Araujo, Karina Conceicao Gomes Machado de", "Santos, Allan Dantas Dos"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491098", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health emergency with lethality ranging from 1% to 5%. This study aimed to identify active high-risk transmission clusters of COVID-19 in Sergipe. We performed a prospective space-time analysis using confirmed cases of COVID-19 during the first 7 weeks of the outbreak in Sergipe. The prospective space-time statistic detected \"active\" and emerging spatio-temporal clusters comprising six municipalities in the south-central region of the state. The Geographic Information System (GIS) associated with spatio-temporal scan statistics can provide timely support for surveillance and assist in decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32327007, "pmcid": "PMC7211801", "title": "Going to the COVID-19 Gemba: Using observation and high reliability strategies to achieve safety in a time of crisis.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Thull-Freedman, Jennifer", "Mondoux, Shawn", "Stang, Antonia", "Chartier, Lucas B"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327007", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421496, "pmcid": "PMC7234715", "title": "Ibuprofen During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Media Precautions and Implications.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Carius, Brandon M", "Schauer, Steven G"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421496", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266965, "pmcid": "PMC7262153", "title": "COVID-19 precautions: easier said than done when patients are homeless.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Wood, Lisa J", "Davies, Andrew P", "Khan, Zana"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266965", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321732, "title": "Remdesivir in covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Ferner, Robin E", "Aronson, Jeffrey K"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321732", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306166, "pmcid": "PMC7165252", "title": "The prevention and management of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in radiology departments in epidemic areas.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Deng, Ming"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306166", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review based on the actual results of epidemic prevention management in radiology departments in epidemic areas, and using designated hospital management methods, to summarize the radiology protection system. With the cooperation of the whole hospital and radiology department, a number of effective evaluation methods have been carried out to ensure the optimization of clinical protection. These practical methods provide a\u00a0basis for the further promotion of management strategies and reduction of nosocomial infection. To our knowledge, the establishment of standardized protection and clear process has opened up a new idea of epidemic prevention management, which can effectively provide timely, efficient, and accurate support for clinical research, and promote the transformation from clinical research type to scientific research management type."}, {"pmid": 32437024, "title": "Convalescent plasma therapy: A passive therapy for an aggressive COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Jindal, Vishal", "Siddiqui, Ahmad Daniyal", "Cerny, Jan", "Gerber, Jonathan M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437024", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289302, "pmcid": "PMC7151402", "title": "A HIGH-VOLUME THORACIC SURGERY DIVISION INTO THE STORM OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Maurizi, Giulio", "Rendina, Erino Angelo"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289302", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519326, "title": "Independent Correlates of Hospitalization in 2040 Patients with COVID-19 at a Large Hospital System in Michigan, United States.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Imam, Zaid", "Odish, Fadi", "Armstrong, Justin", "Elassar, Heba", "Dokter, Jonathan", "Langnas, Emily", "Halalau, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519326", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405095, "pmcid": "PMC7218345", "title": "Assessing changes in US public trust in science amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Agley, Jon"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405095", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and subsequent pandemic has led to the most substantive large-scale, open, and public social discussion of epidemiology and science in recent history. In the United States (US), extensive debate has ensued as to the risk posed by the disease, whether the health system is prepared to manage a high volume of critical cases, whether any number of public health responses are necessary and appropriate, and the appropriate ways to prevent, manage, and treat the pandemic. I hypothesized that the interplay between scientists, policymakers, and the public in an open forum was associated with increased overall public trust in science and scientists, but that this was moderated by political orientation and/or religious commitment. In the context of a public health emergency, it is important to understand the degree to which science and scientists are trusted to produce information that can provide reassurance and also can explain the details of a highly complex event such as a viral pandemic while providing actionable recommendations. The study design was analytic cross-sectional. Data were obtained on March 17-18, 2020, from a sample of 242 US-based Amazon Mechanical Turk users. Respondents completed a 49-question survey consisting of key sociodemographic variables, political affiliation, religious commitment, and two iterations of the Trust in Science and Scientist Inventory (one for March 2020, and one for December 2019 using retrospective recall). Changes in mean level of trust and interaction with political affiliation and/or religious commitment were assessed using mixed ANOVA via the general linear model. On a scale from 1 (low trust) to 5 (high trust), the mean level of trust in science and scientists was static; 3.82 in December 2019 and 3.81 in March 2020. Conservative political orientation and high religious commitment were associated with significantly less overall trust in science; the interaction effect suggested that liberal trust in science decreased slightly from December 2019 to March 2020, whereas conservative trust increased slightly. Counter to my expectations, the overall level of trust in science remained static after the first several months of COVID-19 in the US, although there is some evidence that political orientation was associated with magnitude and directionality of change in trust. Continued examination of these trends is important for understanding public response to epidemiologic recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32443022, "pmcid": "PMC7273958", "title": "Pediatric Endoscopy in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Position Paper.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Walsh, Catharine M", "Fishman, Douglas S", "Lerner, Diana G"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443022", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The delivery of endoscopic care is changing rapidly in the era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) Endoscopy and Procedures Committee has formulated this statement to offer practical guidance to help standardize endoscopy services for pediatric patients with the aim of minimizing COVID-19 transmission to staff, patients, and caregivers and to conserve personal protective equipment (PPE) during this critical time. Appropriate use of PPE is essential to minimize transmission and preserve supply. Pediatric endoscopic procedures are considered at high risk for COVID-19 transmission. We recommend that all pediatric endoscopic procedures are done in a negative pressure room with all staff using proper airborne, contact, and droplet precautions regardless of patient risk stratification. This includes appropriate use of a filtering face-piece respirator (N95, N99, FFP2/3, or PAPR), double gloves, facial protection (full visor and/or face shield), full body water-resistant disposable gown, shoe covers and a hairnet. In deciding which endoscopic procedures should proceed, it is important to weigh the risks and benefits to optimize healthcare delivery and minimize risk. To inform these decisions, we propose a framework for stratifying procedures as emergent (procedures that need to PROCEEED), urgent (PAUSE, weigh the benefits and risks in deciding whether to proceed) and elective (POSTPONE procedures). This statement was based on emerging evidence and is meant as a guide. It is important that all endoscopy facilities where pediatric procedures are performed follow current recommendations from public health agencies within their jurisdiction regarding infection prevention and control of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32524195, "title": "Disturbing effect of lockdown for COVID-19 on the incidence of infective endocarditis: a word of caution.", "journal": "Clin Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Van Camp, Guy", "De Beenhouwer, Hans", "Beles, Monika", "Collet, Carlos", "Nasser, Riwa", "Schelfaut, Dan", "Penicka, Martin"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524195", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325129, "pmcid": "PMC7169899", "title": "The profile of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and serum cytokines in children with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Li, Hui", "Chen, Kailan", "Liu, Maochang", "Xu, Hua", "Xu, Qiong"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325129", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The study was aimed at investigating the characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and serum cytokines in children with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia. Children with 2019-nCoV pneumonia or with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia were included. Data including lymphocyte subsets and serum cytokines were collected and analyzed. 56 patients were included in the study, 40 children with 2019-nCoV pneumonia and 16 children with RSV pneumonia. Compared with children with RSV pneumonia, patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia had higher count of CD3+8+ lymphocyte, higher percentages of CD3+, CD3+8+ lymphocytes and a lower percentage of CD19+ lymphocyte. The serum IL-10 level was significantly higher in children with RSV pneumonia. One 2019-nCoV pneumonia child who was with an obvious increase of IL-10 developed severe pneumonia. Immune response played a very important role in the development of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. The effective CD8+ T cell response might influence the severity of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. The adaptable change in IL-10 level might contribute to the relatively mild pneumonia symptoms in children with 2019-nCoV pneumonia and bacterial co-infection might be a risk factor of severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32231374, "pmcid": "PMC7108749", "title": "Data-based analysis, modelling and forecasting of the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Anastassopoulou, Cleo", "Russo, Lucia", "Tsakris, Athanasios", "Siettos, Constantinos"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231374", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first suspected case of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on December 1st, 2019, in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, a total of 40,235 confirmed cases and 909 deaths have been reported in China up to February 10, 2020, evoking fear locally and internationally. Here, based on the publicly available epidemiological data for Hubei, China from January 11 to February 10, 2020, we provide estimates of the main epidemiological parameters. In particular, we provide an estimation of the case fatality and case recovery ratios, along with their 90% confidence intervals as the outbreak evolves. On the basis of a Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Dead (SIDR) model, we provide estimations of the basic reproduction number (R0), and the per day infection mortality and recovery rates. By calibrating the parameters of the SIRD model to the reported data, we also attempt to forecast the evolution of the outbreak at the epicenter three weeks ahead, i.e. until February 29. As the number of infected individuals, especially of those with asymptomatic or mild courses, is suspected to be much higher than the official numbers, which can be considered only as a subset of the actual numbers of infected and recovered cases in the total population, we have repeated the calculations under a second scenario that considers twenty times the number of confirmed infected cases and forty times the number of recovered, leaving the number of deaths unchanged. Based on the reported data, the expected value of R0 as computed considering the period from the 11th of January until the 18th of January, using the official counts of confirmed cases was found to be \u223c4.6, while the one computed under the second scenario was found to be \u223c3.2. Thus, based on the SIRD simulations, the estimated average value of R0 was found to be \u223c2.6 based on confirmed cases and \u223c2 based on the second scenario. Our forecasting flashes a note of caution for the presently unfolding outbreak in China. Based on the official counts for confirmed cases, the simulations suggest that the cumulative number of infected could reach 180,000 (with a lower bound of 45,000) by February 29. Regarding the number of deaths, simulations forecast that on the basis of the up to the 10th of February reported data, the death toll might exceed 2,700 (as a lower bound) by February 29. Our analysis further reveals a significant decline of the case fatality ratio from January 26 to which various factors may have contributed, such as the severe control measures taken in Hubei, China (e.g. quarantine and hospitalization of infected individuals), but mainly because of the fact that the actual cumulative numbers of infected and recovered cases in the population most likely are much higher than the reported ones. Thus, in a scenario where we have taken twenty times the confirmed number of infected and forty times the confirmed number of recovered cases, the case fatality ratio is around \u223c0.15% in the total population. Importantly, based on this scenario, simulations suggest a slow down of the outbreak in Hubei at the end of February."}, {"pmid": 32197085, "pmcid": "PMC7156161", "title": "Probable Pangolin Origin of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Curr Biol", "authors": ["Zhang, Tao", "Wu, Qunfu", "Zhang, Zhigang"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197085", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) began in the city of Wuhan in China and has widely spread worldwide. Currently, it is vital to explore potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2 to control COVID-19 spread. Therefore, we reinvestigated published data from pangolin lung samples from which SARS-CoV-like CoVs were detected by Liu et\u00a0al. [1]. We found genomic and evolutionary evidence of the occurrence of a SARS-CoV-2-like CoV (named Pangolin-CoV) in dead Malayan pangolins. Pangolin-CoV is 91.02% and 90.55% identical to SARS-CoV-2 and BatCoV RaTG13, respectively, at the whole-genome level. Aside from RaTG13, Pangolin-CoV is the most closely related CoV to SARS-CoV-2. The S1 protein of Pangolin-CoV is much more closely related to SARS-CoV-2 than to RaTG13. Five key amino acid residues involved in the interaction with human ACE2 are completely consistent between Pangolin-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, but four amino acid mutations are present in RaTG13. Both Pangolin-CoV and RaTG13 lost the putative furin recognition sequence motif at S1/S2 cleavage site that can be observed in the SARS-CoV-2. Conclusively, this study suggests that pangolin species are a natural reservoir of SARS-CoV-2-like CoVs."}, {"pmid": 32247898, "pmcid": "PMC7270771", "title": "Unknown unknowns - COVID-19 and potential global mortality.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Grech, Victor"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247898", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently a global pandemic. This paper will attempt to estimate global infection rates and potential resultant mortality in the absence of effective treatment and/or vaccination. Calculations are based on World Health Organisation data from Wuhan in China: 14% of infected cases are severe, 5% require intensive care and 4% die. Estimated infection rates and mortality rates at the level of continents and some individual countries (when these are of sufficient size) are tabulated. This pandemic may cause close to half a billion deaths, i.e. 6% of the global population - and potentially more. At the risk of sounding sensational, but with a sober sense of realism, healthcare risks being plunged into the Middle-Ages if the public do not do their part. Infection cannot occur in the absence of contact. The only way to mitigate these numbers is to apply social distancing and take the standard precautions so frequently reiterated by Public Health: hand washing, avoid touching the face and so on. These measures are crucial as the human cost is going to be unthinkable even in the best-case scenarios that epidemiologists are modelling."}, {"pmid": 32459675, "pmcid": "PMC7268839", "title": "Proposed Changes to the 2021 Residency Application Process in the Wake of COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Gabrielson, Andrew T", "Kohn, Jaden R", "Sparks, Hayley T", "Clifton, Marisa M", "Kohn, Taylor P"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459675", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unique challenges to the delivery of undergraduate medical education, particularly for current third-year medical students who are preparing to apply to residency. In mid-March, medical schools suspended all clinical rotations for the remainder of the 2019-2020 academic year. As such, third-year medical students may not be able to complete sufficient clinical experiences to make important career choices before they have to submit their residency applications. While the decision to suspend clinical rotations was necessary to protect students, specialty organizations and residency programs must mitigate the deficits in students' clinical education caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.In this Perspective, the authors identify potential challenges for third-year medical students and advocate for solutions to improve the residency application process for students and programs. First, they propose delaying the date that programs can access applicant data through the Electronic Residency Application Service, thereby affording students more time to complete clinical experiences, solidify their specialty decision, and strengthen their residency application. Second, the authors recommend a restriction on the number of visiting rotations that students are expected to complete to allow for a more equitable distribution of these important experiences. Third, they suggest that program directors from each specialty agree on a maximum number of applications per applicant (based on historical data) to curb an upsurge in applications that may stem from the unique circumstances created by COVID-19 without causing applicants undue stress. Lastly, the authors advocate that residency programs develop infrastructure to conduct video-based interviews and engage students through virtual networking events.Amidst the unique environment created by COVID-19, the authors urge governing bodies, specialty organizations, and residency programs to consider these recommendations to improve the efficiency and reduce the stress surrounding the 2021 Match."}, {"pmid": 32417025, "pmcid": "PMC7189870", "title": "Addressing Skilled Nursing Facilities' COVID-19 Psychosocial Needs Via Staff Training and a Process Group Intervention.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["DeCaporale-Ryan, Lauren", "Goodman, Jessica", "Simning, Adam", "Press-Ellingham, Lara", "Williams, Linda", "Hasselberg, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417025", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501480, "title": "Continuation versus discontinuation of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers in COVID-19: effects on blood pressure control and mortality.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Cannata, Francesco", "Chiarito, Mauro", "Reimers, Bernhard", "Azzolini, Elena", "Ferrante, Giuseppe", "My, Ilaria", "Viggiani, Giacomo", "Panico, Cristina", "Regazzoli, Damiano", "Ciccarelli, Michele", "Voza, Antonio", "Aghemo, Alessio", "Li, Hongliang", "Wang, Yibin", "Condorelli, Gianluigi", "Stefanini, Giulio G"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501480", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423954, "title": "Accelerating drug development through repurposed FDA approved drugs for COVID-19: speed is important, not haste.", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["Gordy, James T", "Mazumdar, Kaushiki", "Dutta, Noton K"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423954", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A life-threatening, emerging respiratory disease called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) 26 originated in the city of Wuhan in China's Hubei province in December, 2019 and has been classified as 27 an international pandemic by the World Health Organization.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32482098, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic Triggers Telemedicine Regulation and Intensifies Diabetes Management Technology Adoption in Brazil.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Teles, Milena", "Sacchetta, Teresa", "Matsumoto, Yuri"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482098", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472231, "pmcid": "PMC7259872", "title": "Preparing for the coming transnational cancer crisis amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cancer Causes Control", "authors": ["Ip, Eric C", "Lee, Shing Fung"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472231", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Spain", "China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The continuing outbreak of the\u00a0coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has inflicted considerable burdens onto the health system of China, the world's most populous country. Remarkably, among spectrum of potential\u00a0mitigation strategies, the Chinese government has implemented all-out\u00a0lockdowns on large geographical areas, unprecedented in the modern era. This inevitably undermined\u00a0the right to healthcare of many who now faced great difficulty in getting treatment, especially those with cancer or other life-threatening issues. We elaborate and discuss the medico-legal and human rights consideration triggered by the lockdowns, the unprecedented mass quarantine of Hubei province in China, and the suspension of normal healthcare services. We argue that the same challenge will now be faced by\u00a0other countries, particularly the\u00a0USA, Italy, Spain, and France, as the epicentres of COVID-19 has shifted to Europe and the Americas."}, {"pmid": 32459700, "title": "Ectopic Pregnancy During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): To Operate, or Not to Operate.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Hansen, Keith A", "Stovall, Dale W"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377486, "pmcid": "PMC7198080", "title": "How Essential Is to Focus on Physician's Health and Burnout in Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic?", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Shah, Kaushal", "Chaudhari, Gaurav", "Kamrai, Dhwani", "Lail, Amindeep", "Patel, Rikinkumar S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377486", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An infection of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) that originated from Wuhan city of China in December 2019 converted rapidly into pandemic by March 11, 2020. To date, the number of confirmed cases and deaths has risen exponentially in more than 200 countries, with an estimated crude mortality ratio of at least over 2%. The unpreparedness to tackle the unprecedented situation of coronavirus has contributed to the rising number of cases, which has generated an immense sense of fear and anxiety amongst the public. It has further resulted in the inadequacy and unavailability of essential medical supplies, physicians, and healthcare workers (HCW). Although the chief focus is on minimizing transmission through prevention, combating infection, and saving lives by ramping up the development of treatment and vaccines, very little attention is on the critical issue of physician burnout, resident burnout, and the psychological well-being of HCW. Until now, no significant steps have been taken by the authorities to minimize the COVID-19 specific contributing factors for burnout. The COVID-19 has posed strain on the entire healthcare system already, and it is vital to remediate the issue of physician and resident burnout urgently with concrete actions to avoid subsequent potential short-term and long-term adverse implications."}, {"pmid": 32422217, "pmcid": "PMC7227563", "title": "Spanish Dermatology in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Actas Dermosifiliogr", "authors": ["Romani, J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422217", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379308, "pmcid": "PMC7239194", "title": "Multivessel spontaneous coronary artery dissection presenting in a patient with severe acute SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Fernandez Gasso, Lucia", "Maneiro Melon, Nicolas M", "Sarnago Cebada, Fernando", "Solis, Jorge", "Garcia Tejada, Julio"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379308", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485289, "pmcid": "PMC7260522", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Vindegaard, Nina", "Eriksen Benros, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485289", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic general medical complications have received the most attention, whereas only few studies address the potential direct effect on mental health of SARS-CoV-2 and the neurotropic potential. Furthermore, the indirect effects of the pandemic on general mental health are of increasing concern, particularly since the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic (2002-2003) was associated with psychiatric complications. We systematically searched the database Pubmed including studies measuring psychiatric symptoms or morbidities associated with COVID-19 among infected patients and among none infected groups the latter divided in psychiatric patients, health care workers and non-health care workers. A total of 43 studies were included. Out of these, only two studies evaluated patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, whereas 41 evaluated the indirect effect of the pandemic (2 on patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders, 20 on medical health care workers, and 19 on the general public). 18 of the studies were case-control studies/compared to norm, while 25 of the studies had no control groups. The two studies investigating COVID-19 patients found a high level of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) (96.2%) and significantly higher level of depressive symptoms (p\u00a0=\u00a00.016). Patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders reported worsening of psychiatric symptoms. Studies investigating health care workers found increased depression/depressive symptoms, anxiety, psychological distress and poor sleep quality. Studies of the general public revealed lower psychological well-being and higher scores of anxiety and depression compared to before COVID-19, while no difference when comparing these symptoms in the initial phase of the outbreak to four weeks later. A variety of factors were associated with higher risk of psychiatric symptoms and/or low psychological well-being including female gender, poor-self-related health and relatives with COVID-19. Research evaluating the direct neuropsychiatric consequences and the indirect effects on mental health is highly needed to improve treatment, mental health care planning and for preventive measures during potential subsequent pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32349936, "pmcid": "PMC7172667", "title": "Balancing the Effects of COVID-19 Against Potential Progression and Mortality in High-risk Prostate Cancer.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Moschovas, Marcio Covas", "Sighinolfi, Maria Chiara", "Rocco, Bernardo", "Bhat, Seetharam", "Onol, Fikret", "Rogers, Travis", "Patel, Vipul"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349936", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504450, "pmcid": "PMC7274265", "title": "Dysfunctional Coagulation in COVID-19: From Cell to Bedside.", "journal": "Adv Ther", "authors": ["Wang, Jie", "Saguner, Ardan M", "An, Jiaqi", "Ning, Yuye", "Yan, Yang", "Li, Guoliang"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504450", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which can induce multisystem disease. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) widely expressing in arterial and venous endothelial cells and arterial smooth muscle cells has been identified as a functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Dysfunction of ACE2 leads to abnormal activation of the renin-angiotensin system and a systemic endotheliitis that may relate to abnormal coagulation and sepsis. Meanwhile, innate immune response and inflammation activation participate in dysfunctional coagulation. Previous research indicated that dysfunctional coagulation was one of the important risk factors accountable for a high risk of severe disease and death in patients with COVID-19. Understanding the possible mechanisms of dysfunctional coagulation and appropriate anticoagulation therapeutic strategies are important to prevent disease deterioration and reduce fatality rates during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32361800, "pmcid": "PMC7195825", "title": "Routine Screening for HIV in an Urban Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Stanford, Kimberly A", "Friedman, Eleanor E", "Schmitt, Jessica", "Spiegel, Thomas", "Ridgway, Jessica P", "Moore, Michelle", "Taylor, Michelle", "Pitrak, David", "McNulty, Moira C"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361800", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356573, "pmcid": "PMC7267378", "title": "COVID-19: implementing sustainable low cost physical distancing and enhanced hygiene.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Dalton, Craig B", "Corbett, Stephen J", "Katelaris, Anthea L"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356573", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448377, "pmcid": "PMC7245626", "title": "Stem cell therapy: a potential approach for treatment of influenza virus and coronavirus-induced acute lung injury.", "journal": "Stem Cell Res Ther", "authors": ["Du, Jiang", "Li, Han", "Lian, Jie", "Zhu, Xinxing", "Qiao, Liang", "Lin, Juntang"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448377", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute lung injury (ALI), an increasingly devastating human disorder, is characterized by a multitude of lung changes arising from a wide variety of lung injuries. Viral infection is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in ALI and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. In particular, influenza virus, coronavirus, and other respiratory viruses circulate in nature in various animal species and can cause severe and rapidly spread human infections. Although scientific advancements have allowed for rapid progress to be made to understand the pathogenesis and develop therapeutics after each viral pandemic, few effective methods to treat virus-induced ALI have been described. Recently, stem cell therapy has been widely used in the treatment of various diseases, including ALI. In this review, we detail the present stem cell-based therapeutics for lung injury caused by influenza virus and the outlook for the future state of stem cell therapy to deal with emerging influenza and coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32363146, "pmcid": "PMC7194035", "title": "COVID-19 Presenting with Seizures.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Sohal, Sandeep", "Mossammat, Mansur"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363146", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This case report examines a male with no previous history of seizures initially admitting to the medical service later upgraded to ICU after respiratory failure developing multiple episodes of seizures. Laboratory values on admission, neurological investigations, as well as review of current literature on COVID-19 encephalitis is provided."}, {"pmid": 32475168, "title": "COVID-19: Considerations of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Management.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Ceriello, Antonio", "Schnell, Oliver"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475168", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460536, "title": "Benefits of Technology in the Age of COVID-19 and Diabetes. . .Mobile Phones From a Rwanda Perspective.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Krisiunas, Edward", "Sibomana, Laurien"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460536", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374370, "title": "Interpreting Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Sethuraman, Nandini", "Jeremiah, Sundararaj Stanleyraj", "Ryo, Akihide"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374370", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450344, "pmcid": "PMC7244436", "title": "Enhanced platelet inhibition treatment improves hypoxemia in patients with severe Covid-19 and hypercoagulability. A case control, proof of concept study.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Viecca, Maurizio", "Radovanovic, Dejan", "Forleo, Giovanni Battista", "Santus, Pierachille"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450344", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients affected by severe coronavirus induced disease-2019 (Covid-19) often experience hypoxemia due to alveolar involvement and endothelial dysfunction, which leads to the formation of micro thrombi in the pulmonary capillary vessels. Both hypoxemia and a prothrombotic diathesis have been associated with more severe disease and increased risk of death. To date, specific indications to treat this condition are lacking. This was a single center, investigator initiated, compassionate use, proof of concept, case control, phase IIb study (NCT04368377) conducted in the Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit of L. Sacco University Hospital in Milano, Italy. Our objective was to explore the effects of the administration of anti-platelet therapy on arterial oxygenation and clinical outcomes in patients with severe Covid-19 with hypercoagulability. We enrolled five consecutive patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe respiratory failure requiring helmet continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and a pro-thrombotic state identified as a D-dimer > 3 times the upper limit of normal. Five patients matched for age, D-dimer value and SOFA score formed the control group. Beyond standard of care, treated patients received 25 \u03bcg/Kg/body weight tirofiban as bolus infusion, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.15 \u03bcg/Kg/body weight per minute for 48 hours. Before tirofiban, patients received acetylsalicylic acid 250 mg infusion and oral clopidogrel 300 mg; both were continued at a dose of 75 mg daily for 30 days. Fondaparinux2.5 mg/day sub-cutaneous was given for the duration of the hospital stay. All controls were receiving prophylactic or therapeutic dose heparin, according to local standard operating procedures. Treated patients consistently experienced a mean (SD) reduction in A-a O2 gradient of -32.6 mmHg (61.9, P = 0.154), -52.4 mmHg (59.4, P = 0.016) and -151.1 mmHg (56.6, P = 0.011; P = 0.047 vs. controls) at 24, 48 hours and 7 days after treatment. PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased by 52 mmHg (50, P = 0.172), 64 mmHg (47, P = 0.040) and 112 mmHg (51, P = 0.036) after 24, 48 hours and 7 days, respectively. All patients but one were successfully weaned from CPAP after 3 days. This was not true for the control group. No major adverse events were observed. Antiplatelet therapy might be effective in improving the ventilation/perfusion ratio in Covid-19 patients with severe respiratory failure. The effects might be sustained by the prevention and interference on forming clots in lung capillary vessels and by modulating megakaryocytes' function and platelet adhesion. Randomized clinical trials are urgently needed to confirm these results."}, {"pmid": 32438824, "pmcid": "PMC7263456", "title": "Global Access to Handwashing: Implications for COVID-19 Control in Low-Income Countries.", "journal": "Environ Health Perspect", "authors": ["Brauer, Michael", "Zhao, Jeff T", "Bennitt, Fiona B", "Stanaway, Jeffrey D"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438824", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Low-income countries have reduced health care system capacity and are therefore at risk of substantially higher COVID-19 case fatality rates than those currently seen in high-income countries. Handwashing is a key component of guidance to reduce transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior systematic reviews have indicated the effectiveness of handwashing to reduce transmission of respiratory viruses. In low-income countries, reduction of transmission is of paramount importance, but social distancing is challenged by high population densities and access to handwashing facilities with soap and water is limited. Our objective was to estimate global access to handwashing with soap and water to inform use of handwashing in the prevention of COVID-19 transmission. We utilized observational surveys and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression modeling in the context of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study to estimate access to a handwashing station with available soap and water for 1,062 locations from 1990 to 2019. Despite overall improvements from 1990 {33.6% [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 31.5, 35.6] without access} to 2019, globally in 2019, 2.02 (95% UI: 1.91, 2.14) billion people, 26.1% (95% UI: 24.7, 27.7) of the global population, lacked access to handwashing with available soap and water. More than 50% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania were without access to handwashing in 2019, and in eight countries, \n                        \n                            50\n                            \u2009million\n                        \n                     or more persons lacked access. For populations without handwashing access, immediate improvements in access or alternative strategies are urgently needed, and disparities in handwashing access should be incorporated into COVID-19 forecasting models when applied to low-income countries. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7200."}, {"pmid": 32414967, "title": "How are vets finding solace in nature?", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Higham, Laura"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414967", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 lockdown is taking its toll on individuals, families, communities and businesses across the world. But, as founder and coordinator of Vet Sustain Laura Higham explains, we can all find consolation in nature during these testing times."}, {"pmid": 32419495, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Otolaryngology Residency: A Real-Life Experience.", "journal": "Ear Nose Throat J", "authors": ["De Luca, Pietro", "Colacurcio, Vito", "De Bonis, Egidio", "Petrosino, Michele", "Bisogno, Antonella", "Troisi, Donato", "Calvanese, Matteo", "Marra, Pasquale"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419495", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic as been rapidly spreading worldwide. In our country, the entire Italian Healthcare System has been forced to adapt to this unprecedented condition in this century. The Head and Neck Department clinical and surgical activity was substantially reduced. In this situation, the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) residents in University Hospitals find themselves in an uncertain position; we are physicians, facing a deadly disease about which much remains unknown, but we are also trainees, and there is a high risk for our residency training to be affected. With this Letter, we would like to give a testimony of our experience and give some advices to bridge the training gap."}, {"pmid": 32506793, "title": "Reply to: Endonasal drilling may be employed safely in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Bleier, Benjamin S"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506793", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389696, "pmcid": "PMC7204728", "title": "Psychopathological responses and face mask restrictions during the COVID-19 outbreak: Results from a nationwide survey.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Szczesniak, Dorota", "Ciulkowicz, Marta", "Maciaszek, Julian", "Misiak, Blazej", "Luc, Dorota", "Wieczorek, Tomasz", "Witecka, Karolina-Fila", "Rymaszewska, Joanna"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389696", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487253, "pmcid": "PMC7264921", "title": "Timely rehabilitation for critical patients with COVID-19: another issue should not be ignored.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Wang, Zhen", "Wang, Zhongjing", "Sun, Ruixiang", "Wang, Xiaoye", "Gu, Shaofei", "Zhang, Xiancui", "Huang, Houbao"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487253", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317041, "pmcid": "PMC7198466", "title": "Management of COVID-19 Outbreak in Argentina: The Beginning.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Gemelli, Nicolas Alejandro"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317041", "countries": ["China", "Argentina"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to analyze the impact coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had in Argentina during its initial stage, identify the measures taken to try to mitigate its impact, and briefly compare it with the influenza A H1N1 pandemic in 2009. This is a descriptive study. Pandemics constitute a serious problem to global health with a major impact on the affected countries' populations. The recent COVID-19 outbreak represents one of the most important viral pandemics lately. It reached Argentina 64 days after the first case was identified in China. Since then, several measures were taken by the Argentinian government to try to mitigate its impact in this initial stage. An updated report of the current situation and its management in different countries is of vital importance regarding global health issues and may serve for feedback and decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32531251, "title": "COVID-19 and Cushing's syndrome: recommendations for a special population with endogenous glucocorticoid excess.", "journal": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol", "authors": ["Pivonello, Rosario", "Ferrigno, Rosario", "Isidori, Andrea M", "Biller, Beverly M K", "Grossman, Ashley B", "Colao, Annamaria"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531251", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453497, "pmcid": "PMC7267093", "title": "A new diagnostic strategy for gestational diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic for the Japanese population.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Res Rev", "authors": ["Kasuga, Yoshifumi", "Saisho, Yoshifumi", "Ikenoue, Satoru", "Ochiai, Daigo", "Tanaka, Mamoru"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453497", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384921, "pmcid": "PMC7209763", "title": "Avoiding hospital-related infections during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Ye, Jiarong", "Yang, Liqi", "Xi, Xiaotu", "Lin, Xinghua", "He, Deping", "Wang, Weiliang"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384921", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303482, "pmcid": "PMC7194673", "title": "Re-emergence of SARS-CoV2 in a discharged COVID-19 case.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Zhou, Mi", "Li, Qingfeng", "Cao, Lin", "Liu, Yingfen", "Zha, Yi", "Xie, He", "Zeng, Mingquan", "Shi, Xuemei", "Gao, Yueqing", "Xie, Liqiu", "Luo, Mei", "Zeng, Yilan"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303482", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380368, "pmcid": "PMC7252142", "title": "Risk of the Brazilian health care system over 5572 municipalities to exceed health care capacity due to the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Requia, Weeberb J", "Kondo, Edson Kenji", "Adams, Matthew D", "Gold, Diane R", "Struchiner, Claudio Jose"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380368", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has challenged governments to develop public policies to reduce the load of the COVID-19 on health care systems, which is commonly referred to as \"flattening the curve\". This study aims to address this issue by proposing a spatial multicriteria approach to estimate the risk of the Brazilian health care system, by municipality, to exceed the health care capacity because of an influx of patients infected with the COVID-19. We estimated this risk for 5572 municipalities in Brazil using a combination of a multicriteria decision-making approach with spatial analysis to estimate the exceedance risk, and then, we examined the risk variation by designing 5 control intervention scenarios (3 scenarios representing reduction on social contacts, and 2 scenarios representing investment on health care system). For the baseline scenario using an average infection rate across Brazil, we estimated a mean Hospital Bed Capacity (HBC) value of -16.73, indicating that, on average, the Brazilian municipalities will have a deficit of approximately 17 beds. This deficit is projected to occur in 3338 municipalities with the north and northeast regions being at the greatest risk of exceeding health care capacity due to the COVID-19. The intervention scenarios indicate across all of Brazil that they could address the bed shortage, with an average of available beds between 23 and 32. However, when we consider the shortages at a municipal scale, bed exceedances still occur for at least 2119 municipalities in the most effective intervention scenario. Our findings are essential to identify priority areas, to compare populations, and to provide options for government agencies to act. This study can be used to provide support for the creation of effective health public policies for national, regional, and local intervention."}, {"pmid": 32439752, "title": "After COVID-19, business as usual: is this the right goal?", "journal": "Inj Prev", "authors": ["McClure, Roderick J"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439752", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383371, "pmcid": "PMC7211516", "title": "Perspectives of Immune Therapy in Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Gasparyan, Armen Yuri", "Misra, Durga Prasanna", "Yessirkepov, Marlen", "Zimba, Olena"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383371", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is largely based on strategies to boost immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and prevent its severe course and complications. The human defence may include antibodies which interact with SARS-CoV-2 and neutralize its aggressive actions on multiple organ systems. Protective cross-reactivity of antibodies against measles and other known viral infections has been postulated, primarily as a result of the initial observations of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 in children. Uncontrolled case series have demonstrated virus-neutralizing effect of convalescent plasma, supporting its efficiency at early stages of contracting SARS-CoV-2. Given the variability of the virus structure, the utility of convalescent plasma is limited to the geographic area of its preparation, and for a short period of time. Intravenous immunoglobulin may also be protective in view of its nonspecific antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Finally, human monoclonal antibodies may interact with some SARS-CoV-2 proteins, inhibiting the virus-receptor interaction and prevent tissue injury. The improved understanding of the host antiviral responses may help develop safe and effective immunotherapeutic strategies against COVID-19 in the foreseeable future."}, {"pmid": 32395848, "pmcid": "PMC7272903", "title": "Elective surgery cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic: global predictive modelling to inform surgical recovery plans.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Nepogodiev, Dmitri", "Bhangu, Aneel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395848", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12\u2009weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19. A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during the 12\u2009weeks of peak disruption. A Bayesian \u03b2-regression model was used to estimate 12-week cancellation rates for 190 countries. Elective surgical case-mix data, stratified by specialty and indication (surgery for cancer versus benign disease), were determined. This case mix was applied to country-level surgical volumes. The 12-week cancellation rates were then applied to these figures to calculate the total number of cancelled operations. The best estimate was that 28\u2009404\u2009603 operations would be cancelled or postponed during the peak 12\u2009weeks of disruption due to COVID-19 (2\u2009367\u2009050 operations per week). Most would be operations for benign disease (90\u00b72 per cent, 25\u2009638\u2009922 of 28\u2009404\u2009603). The overall 12-week cancellation rate would be 72\u00b73 per cent. Globally, 81\u00b77 per cent of operations for benign conditions (25\u2009638\u2009922 of 31\u2009378\u2009062), 37\u00b77 per cent of cancer operations (2\u2009324\u2009070 of 6\u2009162\u2009311) and 25\u00b74 per cent of elective caesarean sections (441\u2009611 of 1\u2009735\u2009483) would be cancelled or postponed. If countries increased their normal surgical volume by 20 per cent after the pandemic, it would take a median of 45\u2009weeks to clear the backlog of operations resulting from COVID-19 disruption. A very large number of operations will be cancelled or postponed owing to disruption caused by COVID-19. Governments should mitigate against this major burden on patients by developing recovery plans and implementing strategies to restore surgical activity safely."}, {"pmid": 32361443, "pmcid": "PMC7182516", "title": "Temperature significantly changes COVID-19 transmission in (sub)tropical cities of Brazil.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Prata, David N", "Rodrigues, Waldecy", "Bermejo, Paulo H"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361443", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a severe public health issue. The novelty of the virus prompts a search for understanding of how ecological factors affect the transmission and survival of the virus. Several studies have robustly identified a relationship between temperature and the number of cases. However, there is no specific study for a tropical climate such as Brazil. This work aims to determine the relationship of temperature to COVID-19 infection for the state capital cities of Brazil. Cumulative data with the daily number of confirmed cases was collected from February 27 to April 1, 2020, for all 27 state capital cities of Brazil affected by COVID-19. A generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to explore the linear and nonlinear relationship between annual average temperature compensation and confirmed cases. Also, a polynomial linear regression model was proposed to represent the behavior of the growth curve of COVID-19 in the capital cities of Brazil. The GAM dose-response curve suggested a negative linear relationship between temperatures and daily cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the range from 16.8\u00a0\u00b0C to 27.4\u00a0\u00b0C. Each 1\u00a0\u00b0C rise of temperature was associated with a -4.8951% (t\u00a0=\u00a0-2.29, p\u00a0=\u00a00.0226) decrease in the number of daily cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19. A sensitivity analysis assessed the robustness of the results of the model. The predicted R-squared of the polynomial linear regression model was 0.81053. In this study, which features the tropical temperatures of Brazil, the variation in annual average temperatures ranged from 16.8\u00a0\u00b0C to 27.4\u00a0\u00b0C. Results indicated that temperatures had a negative linear relationship with the number of confirmed cases. The curve flattened at a threshold of 25.8\u00a0\u00b0C. There is no evidence supporting that the curve declined for temperatures above 25.8\u00a0\u00b0C. The study had the goal of supporting governance for healthcare policymakers."}, {"pmid": 32199471, "pmcid": "PMC7104160", "title": "COVID-19 and the consequences of isolating the elderly.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Armitage, Richard", "Nellums, Laura B"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199471", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388173, "pmcid": "PMC7203026", "title": "The psychological well-being of physicians during COVID-19 outbreak in Oman.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Badahdah, Abdallah M", "Khamis, Faryal", "Mahyijari, Nawal Al"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388173", "countries": ["Oman"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387011, "pmcid": "PMC7252125", "title": "Tortoises, hares, and vaccines: A cautionary note for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.", "journal": "Vaccine", "authors": ["Poland, Gregory A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387011", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387713, "pmcid": "PMC7204668", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 or Lung Cancer: A Differential Diagnostic Experience and Management Model From Wuhan.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Zhu, Jian", "Zhang, Yu", "Gao, Xu-Hui", "Xi, Er-Ping"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387713", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364119, "pmcid": "PMC7164900", "title": "Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases: a delayed pandemic?", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Serrano-Castro, P J", "Estivill-Torrus, G", "Cabezudo-Garcia, P", "Reyes-Bueno, J A", "Ciano Petersen, N", "Aguilar-Castillo, M J", "Suarez-Perez, J", "Jimenez-Hernandez, M D", "Moya-Molina, M A", "Oliver-Martos, B", "Arrabal-Gomez, C", "Rodriguez de Fonseca, F"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364119", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in December 2019 in the Chinese city of Wuhan and has since spread across the world. At present, the virus has infected over 1.7 million people and caused over 100 000 deaths worldwide. Research is currently focused on understanding the acute infection and developing effective treatment strategies. In view of the magnitude of the epidemic, we conducted a speculative review of possible medium- and long-term neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with particular emphasis on neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases of neuroinflammatory origin, based on the available evidence on neurological symptoms of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. We systematically reviewed the available evidence about the pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the immediate and lasting effects of the cytokine storm on the central nervous system, and the consequences of neuroinflammation for the central nervous system. SARS-CoV-2 is a neuroinvasive virus capable of triggering a cytokine storm, with persistent effects in specific populations. Although our hypothesis is highly speculative, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the onset and progression of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases of neuroinflammatory origin should be regarded as the potential cause of a delayed pandemic that may have a major public health impact in the medium to long term. Cognitive and neuropsychological function should be closely monitored in COVID-19 survivors."}, {"pmid": 32510142, "title": "alpha-glucosidase inhibitors as host-directed antiviral agents with potential for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Biochem Soc Trans", "authors": ["Williams, Spencer J", "Goddard-Borger, Ethan D"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510142", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has pushed the health systems of many countries to breaking point and precipitated social distancing measures that have crippled economic activities across the globe. A return to normality is unlikely until effective therapeutics and a vaccine are available. The immediacy of this problem suggests that drug strategies should focus on repurposing approved drugs or late-stage clinical candidates, as these have the shortest path to use in the clinic. Here, we review and discuss the role of host cell N-glycosylation pathways to virus replication and the drugs available to disrupt these pathways. In particular, we make a case for evaluation of the well-tolerated drugs miglitol, celgosivir and especially miglustat for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32354724, "title": "Deprescribing in the time of covid-19.", "journal": "Drug Ther Bull", "authors": ["Phizackerley, David"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354724", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32231323, "title": "Cull, release or bring them home: Coronavirus crisis forces hard decisions for labs with animals.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Nowogrodzki, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231323", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357457, "title": "Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Health Literacy Research Around the World: More Important Than Ever in a Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Sentell, Tetine", "Vamos, Sandra", "Okan, Orkan"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357457", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As we write our editorial for a health literacy special issue in the midst of the international COVID-19 crisis, we take this opportunity to highlight the importance of individual, community, and population health literacy. We are not only in a \"pandemic\" but also an \"infodemic\". Health literacy is more important than ever in the face of these global health threats, which have impacted outcomes across the levels of the socio-ecological model (SEM), including individual health behaviors, family relationships, organizational behavior, state policy-making, national mortality statistics, and the international economy in the span of weeks. Our special issue sought to pull together interdisciplinary threads guided by two principles. The first was defining health literacy as essential skills and situational resources needed for people to find, understand, evaluate, communicate, and use information and services in a variety of forms across various settings throughout their life course to promote health and wellbeing. The second was the idea that enhancing health literacy in populations and systems is critical to achieving health equity. In this time of public health need across traditional borders, the inter-sectoral and international perspectives of special issue articles are more urgent than ever. A greater understanding, appreciation, and application of health literacy can support policy action on multiple levels to address major public health challenges. Health literacy should be built deliberately as a population-level resource and community asset. We have summarized the set of articles in this special issue across the levels of the SEM, hoping their thoughtful considerations and interesting findings will help to support global health and wellness and inspire future research, policy, and practice in this global public health emergency and beyond."}, {"pmid": 32508261, "title": "Hypoalbuminemia, Coagulopathy and Vascular Disease in Covid-19.", "journal": "Circ Res", "authors": ["Violi, Francesco", "Ceccarelli, Giancarlo", "Cangemi, Roberto", "Alessandri, Francesco", "d'Ettorre, Gabriella", "Oliva, Alessandra", "Pastori, Daniele", "Loffredo, Lorenzo", "Pignatelli, Pasquale", "Ruberto, Franco", "Venditti, Mario", "Pugliese, Francesco", "Mastroianni, Claudio Maria"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508261", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349033, "title": "Novel biosensor platforms for the detection of coronavirus infection and SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Liang, Kung-Hao", "Chang, Tai-Jay", "Wang, Mong-Lien", "Tsai, Ping-Hsing", "Lin, Ta-Hsien", "Wang, Chin-Tien", "Yang, De-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349033", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been causing respiratory diseases globally, damaging wide-ranges of social-economical activities. This virus is transmitted through personal contact and possibly also through ambient air. Effective biosensor platforms for the detection of this virus and the related host response are in urgent demand. These platforms can facilitate routine diagnostic assays in certified clinical labs. They can also be integrated into point-of-care products. Furthermore, environmental biosensors can be designed to detect SARS-CoV-2 in the ambient air or in the intensive care ventilators. Here, we evaluate technical components of biosensors, including the biological targets of recognition, the recognition methods and the signal amplification and transduction systems. Effective SARS-CoV-2 detectors can be designed by adequate combination of these technologies."}, {"pmid": 32514605, "title": "[Management of tracheostomy patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: review of the literature and demonstration].", "journal": "HNO", "authors": ["Kempfle, J S", "Lowenheim, H", "Huebner, M J", "Iro, H", "Mueller, S K"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514605", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since emergence of the new coronavirus in China in December 2019, many countries have been struggling to control skyrocketing numbers of infections, including among healthcare personnel. It has now been clearly demonstrated that SARS-CoV\u20112 resides in the upper airways and transmits easily via aerosols and droplets, which significantly increases the risk of infection when performing upper airway procedures. Ventilated COVID-19 patients in a\u00a0critical condition in the intensive care unit may require tracheotomy for long-term ventilation and to improve weaning. However, the risk of secondary infection of medical personnel performing subsequent tracheostomy care remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of droplet dispersion during tracheostomy tube change and overview tracheostomy tube change in COVID-19 patients. The current literature was reviewed, quantitative and qualitative analyses of droplet formation during tracheostomy tube change in n\u202f=\u20098\u00a0patients were performed, and an overview of and checklist for tracheostomy tube change were compiled. This study demonstrates that tracheostomy tube change, in particular insertion of the new tube, may cause significant droplet formation. The aerosolization of particles smaller than 5\u202f\u00b5m was not analyzed. Our data, together with the current literature, clearly emphasize that tracheostomy care is associated with a\u00a0high infection risk and should only be performed by a\u00a0small group of well-trained, maximally protected healthcare personnel."}, {"pmid": 32171074, "pmcid": "PMC7270177", "title": "Comorbidities and multi-organ injuries in the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Wang, Tianbing", "Du, Zhe", "Zhu, Fengxue", "Cao, Zhaolong", "An, Youzhong", "Gao, Yan", "Jiang, Baoguo"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171074", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356761, "title": "Navigating the Pandemic Response Life Cycle: Molecular Diagnostics and Immunoassays in the Context of COVID-19 Management.", "journal": "IEEE Rev Biomed Eng", "authors": ["Zhang, Jingwei", "Gharizadeh, Baback", "Lu, Daru", "Yue, Junqiu", "Yu, Mingxia", "Liu, Yue", "Zhou, Meiying"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356761", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To counter COVID-19 spreading, an infrastructure to provide rapid and thorough molecular diagnostics and serology testing is the cornerstone of outbreak and pandemic management. We hereby review the clinical insights with regard to using molecular tests and immunoassays in the context of COVID-19 management life cycle: the preventive phase, the preparedness phase, the response phase and the recovery phase. The spatial and temporal distribution of viral RNA, antigens and antibodies during human infection is summarized to provide a biological foundation for accurate detection of the disease. We shared the lessons learned and the obstacles encountered during real world high-volume screening programs. Clinical needs are discussed to identify existing technology gaps in these tests. Leverage technologies, such as engineered polymerases, isothermal amplification, and direct amplification from complex matrices may improve the productivity of current infrastructure, while emerging technologies like CRISPR diagnostics, visual end point detection, and PCR free methods for nucleic acid sensing may lead to at-home tests. The lessons learned, and innovations spurred from the COVID-19 pandemic could upgrade our global public health infrastructure to better combat potential outbreaks in the future."}, {"pmid": 32325039, "pmcid": "PMC7172723", "title": "Projecting the demand for ventilators at the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in the USA.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wells, Chad R", "Fitzpatrick, Meagan C", "Sah, Pratha", "Shoukat, Affan", "Pandey, Abhishek", "El-Sayed, Abdulrahman M", "Singer, Burton H", "Moghadas, Seyed M", "Galvani, Alison P"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325039", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464094, "pmcid": "PMC7237914", "title": "Introductions to the Community: Early-Career Researchers in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell Stem Cell", "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464094", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has unfortunately halted lab work, conferences, and in-person networking, which is especially detrimental to researchers just starting their labs. Through social media and our reviewer networks, we met some early-career stem cell investigators impacted by the closures. Here, they introduce themselves and their research to our readers."}, {"pmid": 32342677, "title": "Severe Thrombocytopenia in a Patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Nham, Eliel", "Ko, Jae Hoon", "Jeong, Byeong Ho", "Huh, Kyungmin", "Cho, Sun Young", "Kang, Cheol In", "Chung, Doo Ryeon", "Peck, Kyong Ran"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342677", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is spreading rapidly all over the world, being a major threat to public health. Since clinical feature of COVID-19 has not been fully evaluated yet, empirical antibacterial agents are frequently combined for the treatment of COVID-19 in addition to antiviral agents, concerning co-existing bacterial pathogens. We experienced a case of severe thrombocytopenia with epistaxis and petechiae, while treating a COVID-19 patient with ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, and lopinavir/ritonavir. The platelet count decreased to 2,000/mm\u00b3 and recovered after discontinuation of the three suspected drugs. In treating a potentially fatal emerging infectious disease, empirical and/or experimental approach would be unavoidable. However, the present case suggests that the possibility of adverse effects caused by polypharmacy should also be carefully considered."}, {"pmid": 32380453, "pmcid": "PMC7186204", "title": "What dentists need to know about COVID-19.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Baghizadeh Fini, Maryam"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380453", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article aims at collecting all information needed for dentists regarding the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the world by reviewing articles published by now. In late 2019, a pneumonia outbreak of uncertain etiology happened in Wuhan, China. There were many reports related to a live-animal and seafood market, supporting that the pathogens were transferred from animals to humans, rapidly evolving into transmission from human to human. The pathogen was classified as 2019 Novel Corona Virus (2019-nCoV), and the disease was named COrona VIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given that COVID-19 has lately been detected in infected patients' saliva, the COVID-19 outbreak is an alert that all dental and other health professionals must be vigilant in defending against the infectious disease spread, and it may enable to assess whether non-invasive saliva diagnostic for COVID-19. There has so far been no evidence from randomized controlled trials to prescribe any particular anti-nCoV treatment or vaccine, and COVID-19 management has been widely supportive. Since the ACE-2 was expressing on oral cavity mucosa, there is a potentially huge COVID-19 infectious vulnerability risk for oral cavity and brought up a proof for the future prevention procedure in dental practice and daily life. As a result, the whole dental teams should be vigilant and keep patients and themselves in a safe environment by following the guideline in this study."}, {"pmid": 32267139, "title": "Hsa-miR-217 Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Via Targeting SIRT1 and P53/KAI1 Signaling", "journal": "Balkan Med J", "authors": ["Jiang, Wenxia", "Hou, Likun", "Wei, Juan", "Du, Yifeng", "Zhao, Yan", "Deng, Xue", "Lin, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267139", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Brain metastasis is a major cause of cancer death in patients with lung cancer. Sirtuin 1 and hsa-miR-217 have been identified to mediate the development of non-small cell lung cancer. To investigate the roles of hsa-miR-217, its target sirtuin 1, and the P53/KAI1 axis in the brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer. Cell culture study. Human pulmonary adenocarcinoma brain metastasis cell line PC-14/B were incubated and treated with constructed lentiviral plasmids expressing miR-217 and/or sirtuin 1. BEAS-2B cell line was used as a control. The targeted regulation of miR-217 to sirtuin 1was examined using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and related protein expression were detected to examine the effect of the miR-217/sirtuin 1 expression on metastasis. PC-14/B cells expressed higher sirtuin 1 and lower P53 and KAI1 compared with BEAS-2B control cells (p<0.05). Sirtuin 1 was a direct target of miR-217. MiR-217 expression suppressed PC-14/B cell invasion (p=0.004), migration (p=0.001), and proliferation (p<0.05), whereas sirtuin 1 overexpression reversed all processes. sirtuin 1 expression inhibited P53, KAI1/CD82, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and \u03b2-catenin but upregulated E-cadherin protein. MiR-217 overexpression induced reverse changes. Hsa-miR-217 and its target sirtuin 1 acted as metastasis suppressor and promoter gene in non-small cell lung cancer, respectively. The hsa-miR-217/sirtuin 1/P53/KAI1 metastasis regulatory pathway showed novel and crucial roles in brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer. This axis might be a potential target for the treatment of brain metastasis of lung cancer."}, {"pmid": 32348047, "title": "[COVID-19 infection in the elderly in French-speaking Switzerland: an inventory of beliefs, convictions and certainties].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Nguyen, Sylvain", "Major, Kristof", "Cochet, Camille", "Bizzozzero, Tosca", "Barbarossa, Luca", "Bosshard, Wanda", "Humbert, Marc", "Rubli, Eve", "Jox, Ralf", "D'Amelio, Patrizia", "Bula, Christophe"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348047", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most patients hospitalized for COVID-19 are aged over 70 years old, and half of those who die are over 83 years old. Older patients do not always present with typical symptoms (fever, cough and dyspnoea) but sometimes are and remain asymptomatic (contact screening), or have aspecific presentations (altered general condition, falls, delirium, unusual fatigue). Rectal swab, which minimizes exposition risk, appears useful in long-term care patients with diarrhea. Older age is associated with worse prognosis, but the analysis should be refined by means of prognostic indexes that account for the heterogeneous health, functional, and cognitive status of the elderly population. Gathering elderly patients' wishes and assessing their remaining life expectancy allows to anticipate care decisions according to the level of tension in the health system."}, {"pmid": 32412606, "pmcid": "PMC7229533", "title": "Respiratory Parameters in Patients With COVID-19 After Using Noninvasive Ventilation in the Prone Position Outside the Intensive Care Unit.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Sartini, Chiara", "Tresoldi, Moreno", "Scarpellini, Paolo", "Tettamanti, Andrea", "Carco, Francesco", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Zangrillo, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412606", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234121, "pmcid": "PMC7118348", "title": "Estimating the infection and case fatality ratio for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) using age-adjusted data from the outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship, February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Russell, Timothy W", "Hellewell, Joel", "Jarvis, Christopher I", "van Zandvoort, Kevin", "Abbott, Sam", "Ratnayake, Ruwan", "Cmmid Covid-Working Group", "Flasche, Stefan", "Eggo, Rosalind M", "Edmunds, W John", "Kucharski, Adam J"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234121", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Adjusting for delay from confirmation to death, we estimated case and infection fatality ratios (CFR, IFR) for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the Diamond Princess ship as 2.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89-6.7) and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.38-3.6), respectively. Comparing deaths on board with expected deaths based on naive CFR estimates from China, we estimated CFR and IFR in China to be 1.2% (95% CI: 0.3-2.7) and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.2-1.3), respectively."}, {"pmid": 32360501, "pmcid": "PMC7189197", "title": "An invited commentary on \"The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic: A review\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Atar, Shaul", "Atar, Itai"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360501", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358952, "pmcid": "PMC7253109", "title": "COVID-19 and Fake News in the Dominican Republic.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Tapia, Leandro"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358952", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the Dominican Republic coincided with a period of political crisis. Distrust in governmental institutions shaped the critical phase of early response. Having a weak public health infrastructure and a lack of public trust, the Ministry of Health (MoH) began the fight against COVID-19 with a losing streak. Within 45 days of the first reported case, the political crisis and turmoil caused by \"fake news\" are limiting the capacity and success of the MoH response to the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32432127, "pmcid": "PMC7214683", "title": "COVID-19 Management and Arrhythmia: Risks and Challenges for Clinicians Treating Patients Affected by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Front Cardiovasc Med", "authors": ["Carpenter, Alexander", "Chambers, Owen J", "El Harchi, Aziza", "Bond, Richard", "Hanington, Oliver", "Harmer, Stephen C", "Hancox, Jules C", "James, Andrew F"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432127", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented challenge and will require novel therapeutic strategies. Affected patients are likely to be at risk of arrhythmia due to underlying comorbidities, polypharmacy and the disease process. Importantly, a number of the medications likely to receive significant use can themselves, particularly in combination, be pro-arrhythmic. Drug-induced prolongation of the QT interval is primarily caused by inhibition of the hERG potassium channel either directly and/or by impaired channel trafficking. Concurrent use of multiple hERG-blocking drugs may have a synergistic rather than additive effect which, in addition to any pre-existing polypharmacy, critical illness or electrolyte imbalance, may significantly increase the risk of arrhythmia and Torsades de Pointes. Knowledge of these risks will allow informed decisions regarding appropriate therapeutics and monitoring to keep our patients safe."}, {"pmid": 32083643, "pmcid": "PMC7042844", "title": "Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bai, Yan", "Yao, Lingsheng", "Wei, Tao", "Tian, Fei", "Jin, Dong-Yan", "Chen, Lijuan", "Wang, Meiyun"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32083643", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369320, "pmcid": "PMC7273936", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Gastroenterology Fellow Training in North America.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Mallon, Daniel", "Pohl, John F", "Phatak, Uma P", "Fernandes, Melissa", "Rosen, John M", "Lusman, Sarah S", "Nylund, Cade M", "Jump, Candi S", "Solomon, Aliza B", "Srinath, Arvind", "Singer, Andrew", "Harb, Rula", "Rodriguez-Baez, Norberto", "Buren, Kristin Lynette Whitfield Van", "Koyfman, Shifra", "Bhatt, Riha", "Rodriguez, Dellys M Soler", "Sivagnanam, Mamata", "Lee, Christine K"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369320", "countries": ["United States", "Canada", "Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed healthcare systems and training around the world. The Training Committee of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) sought to understand how COVID-19 has affected pediatric gastroenterology fellowship training. A 21 question survey was distributed to all 77 pediatric gastroenterology fellowship program directors (PDs) in the NASPGHAN program director database via email on April 7. Responses collected through April 19, 2020 were analyzed using descriptive statistics. 51/77 (66%) PDs from the United States, Canada and Mexico responded to the survey. 46/51 (90%) PDs reported that they were under a \"stay-at-home\" order for a median of 4 weeks at the time of the survey. 2/51 (4%) programs had fellows participating in outpatient telehealth prior to COVID-19 and 39/51 (76%) at the time of the survey. Fellows stopped participating in outpatient clinics in 22/51 (43%) programs and endoscopy in 26/51 (52%) programs. Changes to inpatient care included reduced fellow staffing, limiting who entered patient rooms, and rounding remotely. Fellows in 3 New York programs were deployed to adult medicine units. Didactics were moved to virtual conferences in 47/51 (94%) programs, and fellows utilized various online resources. Clinical research and, disproportionately, bench research were restricted. This report provides early information of the impact of COVID-19 on pediatric fellowship training. Rapid adoption of telehealth and reduced clinical and research experiences were important changes. Survey information may spur communication and innovation to help educators adapt."}, {"pmid": 32387744, "pmcid": "PMC7202809", "title": "It's in our hands: a rapid, international initiative to translate a hand hygiene song during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Thampi, N", "Longtin, Y", "Peters, A", "Pittet, D", "Overy, K"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387744", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348293, "pmcid": "PMC7205031", "title": "Agile Requirements Engineering and Software Planning for a Digital Health Platform to Engage the Effects of Isolation Caused by Social Distancing: Case Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Meinert, Edward", "Milne-Ives, Madison", "Surodina, Svitlana", "Lam, Ching"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social distancing and shielding measures have been put in place to reduce social interaction and slow the transmission of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). For older people, self-isolation presents particular challenges for mental health and social relationships. As time progresses, continued social distancing could have a compounding impact on these concerns. This project aims to provide a tool for older people and their families and peers to improve their well-being and health during and after regulated social distancing. First, we will evaluate the tool's feasibility, acceptability, and usability to encourage positive nutrition, enhance physical activity, and enable virtual interaction while social distancing. Second, we will be implementing the app to provide an online community to assist families and peer groups in maintaining contact with older people using goal setting. Anonymized data from the app will be aggregated with other real-world data sources to develop a machine learning algorithm to improve the identification of patients with COVID-19 and track for real time use by health systems. Development of this project is occurring at the time of publication, and therefore, a case study design was selected to provide a systematic means of capturing software engineering in progress. The app development framework for software design was based on agile methods. The evaluation of the app's feasibility, acceptability and usability shall be conducted using Public Health England's guidance on evaluating digital health products, Bandura's model of health promotion, the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework and the Nonadoption, Abandonment and Challenges to the Scale-up, Spread and Suitability (NASSS) framework. Making use of a pre-existing software framework for health behavior change, a proof of concept was developed, and a multistage app development and deployment for the solution was created. Grant submissions to fund the project and study execution have been sought at the time of publication, and prediscovery iteration of the solution has begun. Ethical approval for a feasibility study design is being sought. This case study lays the foundations for future app development to combat mental and societal issues arising from social distancing measures. The app will be tested and evaluated in future studies to allow continuous improvement of the app. This novel contribution will provide an evidence-based exemplar for future app development in the space of social isolation and loneliness."}, {"pmid": 32440387, "pmcid": "PMC7237060", "title": "Extubation and the Risks of Coughing and Laryngospasm in the Era of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Sibert, Karen S", "Long, Jennifer L", "Haddy, Steven M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440387", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted new interest among anesthesiologists and intensivists in controlling coughing and expectoration of potentially infectious aerosolized secretions during intubation and extubation. However, the fear of provoking laryngospasm may cause avoidance of deep or sedated extubation techniques which could reduce coughing and infection risk. This fear may be alleviated with clear understanding of the mechanisms and effective management of post-extubation airway obstruction including\u00a0laryngospasm. We review the dynamic function of the larynx from the vantage point of head-and-neck surgery, highlighting two key concepts: 1. The larynx is a complex organ that may occlude reflexively at levels other than the true vocal folds; 2. The widely held belief that positive-pressure ventilation by mask can \"break\" laryngospasm is not supported by the otorhinolaryngology literature. We review the differential diagnosis of acute airway obstruction after extubation, discuss techniques for achieving smooth extubation with avoidance of coughing and expectoration of secretions, and recommend, on the basis of this review, a clinical pathway for optimal management of upper airway obstruction including laryngospasm to avoid adverse outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32425269, "pmcid": "PMC7233239", "title": "Elevated levels of IL-6 and CRP predict the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Herold, Tobias", "Jurinovic, Vindi", "Arnreich, Chiara", "Lipworth, Brian J", "Hellmuth, Johannes C", "Bergwelt-Baildon, Michael von", "Klein, Matthias", "Weinberger, Tobias"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425269", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can manifest as a viral-induced hyperinflammation with multiorgan involvement. Such patients often experience rapid deterioration and need for mechanical ventilation. Currently, no prospectively validated biomarker of impending respiratory failure is available. We aimed to identify and prospectively validate biomarkers that allow the identification of patients in need of impending mechanical ventilation. Patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized from February 29 to April 9, 2020, were analyzed for baseline clinical and laboratory findings at admission and during the disease. Data from 89 evaluable patients were available for the purpose of analysis comprising an initial evaluation cohort (n\u00a0= 40) followed by a temporally separated validation cohort (n\u00a0= 49). We identified markers of inflammation, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine as the variables most predictive of respiratory failure in the evaluation cohort. Maximal IL-6 level before intubation showed the strongest association with the need for mechanical ventilation, followed by maximal CRP level. The respective AUC values for IL-6 and CRP levels in the evaluation cohort were 0.97 and 0.86, and they were similar in the validation cohort (0.90 and 0.83, respectively). The calculated optimal cutoff values during the course of disease from the evaluation cohort (IL-6 level\u00a0> 80 pg/mL and CRP level\u00a0> 97 mg/L) both correctly classified 80% of patients in the validation cohort regarding their risk of respiratory failure. The maximal level of IL-6, followed by CRP level, was highly predictive of the need for mechanical ventilation. This suggests the possibility of using IL-6 or CRP level to guide escalation of treatment in patients with COVID-19-related hyperinflammatory syndrome."}, {"pmid": 32513798, "title": "The good, the bad & the hoax: when publication instantaneously impacts treatment strategies for COVID-19.", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["Danion, Francois", "Ruch, Yvon", "Fourtage, Marion", "Kaeuffer, Charlotte", "Greigert, Valentin", "Lefebvre, Nicolas", "Muller, Joris", "Nai, Thierry", "Hansmann, Yves"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513798", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented situation with physicians awaiting information on therapeutic advances to an extent hardly ever seen in medical history.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32387238, "pmcid": "PMC7252011", "title": "Covid-19, induced activation of hemostasis, and immune reactions: Can an auto-immune reaction contribute to the delayed severe complications observed in some patients?", "journal": "Transfus Apher Sci", "authors": ["Amiral, Jean", "Vissac, Anne Marie", "Seghatchian, Jerard"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387238", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 is characterized by weak symptoms in most affected patients whilst severe clinical complications, with frequent fatal issues, occur in others. Disease severity is associated with age and comorbidities. Understanding of viral infectious mechanisms, and antibody immune response, can help to better control disease progression. SARS-CoV-2 has a major impact on the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS), through its binding to the membrane cellular glycoprotein, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2), then infecting cells for replication. This report hypothesizes the possible implication of an autoimmune response, induced by generation of allo- or autoantibodies to ACE-2, or to its complexes with viral spike protein. This could contribute to some delayed severe complications occurring in affected patients. We also propose a strategy for investigating this eventuality."}, {"pmid": 32456441, "title": "Adapting to a new reality: COVID-19 coronavirus and online education in the health professions.", "journal": "Rural Remote Health", "authors": ["Seymour-Walsh, Amy E", "Bell, Andy", "Weber, Anthony", "Smith, Tony"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456441", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has effected a significant change in the way industry-based and tertiary health professions education (HPE) can occur. Advice for strict, widespread social distancing has catalysed the transformation of course delivery into fully online design across nations. This is problematic for HPE, which has traditionally relied on face-to-face learner interaction, in the form of skills laboratories, simulation training and industry-based clinical placements. The transition to online-only course delivery has brought with it a need to address particular issues regarding the construction and delivery of quality curricula and education activities. It is in this context that regional, rural and remote health professionals and academics can provide invaluable insights into the use of technology to overcome the tyranny of distance, promote high-quality online HPE and enable the ongoing development of communities of practice. This article is the first in a series addressing the risks and opportunities in the current transition to online HPE, providing practical solutions for educators who are now unable to embrace more traditional face-to-face HPE delivery methods and activities."}, {"pmid": 32429948, "pmcid": "PMC7235547", "title": "Costing of actions to safeguard vulnerable Mexican households with young children from the consequences of COVID-19 social distancing measures.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Vilar-Compte, Mireya", "Perez, Victor", "Teruel, Graciela", "Alonso, Aranzazu", "Perez-Escamilla, Rafael"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429948", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has imposed unprecedented challenges to society. As the pandemic evolves, the social distancing measures that have been globally enforced, while essential, are having undesirable socioeconomic side effects particularly among vulnerable populations. In Mexico, families who depend upon informal employment face increased threats to their wellbeing, and households who in addition have young children may face long-term consequences. The Mexican government has not yet taken actions, but a coalition of non-governmental organizations is advocating in partnership with academic institutions for social protection actions such as a cash transfer and basic services subsidies for families with young children, subsisting from the informal sector economy. To facilitate governmental action, we estimated the costs for implementation of these recommendations. The methodology used could be replicated in other countries facing similar challenges."}, {"pmid": 32492874, "title": "Using Machine Learning to Predict ICU Transfer in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Cheng, Fu-Yuan", "Joshi, Himanshu", "Tandon, Pranai", "Freeman, Robert", "Reich, David L", "Mazumdar, Madhu", "Kohli-Seth, Roopa", "Levin, Matthew", "Timsina, Prem", "Kia, Arash"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492874", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Approximately 20-30% of patients with COVID-19 require hospitalization, and 5-12% may require critical care in an intensive care unit (ICU). A rapid surge in cases of severe COVID-19 will lead to a corresponding surge in demand for ICU care. Because of constraints on resources, frontline healthcare workers may be unable to provide the frequent monitoring and assessment required for all patients at high risk of clinical deterioration. We developed a machine learning-based risk prioritization tool that predicts ICU transfer within 24 h, seeking to facilitate efficient use of care providers' efforts and help hospitals plan their flow of operations. A retrospective cohort was comprised of non-ICU COVID-19 admissions at a large acute care health system between 26 February and 18 April 2020. Time series data, including vital signs, nursing assessments, laboratory data, and electrocardiograms, were used as input variables for training a random forest (RF) model. The cohort was randomly split (70:30) into training and test sets. The RF model was trained using 10-fold cross-validation on the training set, and its predictive performance on the test set was then evaluated. The cohort consisted of 1987 unique patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to non-ICU units of the hospital. The median time to ICU transfer was 2.45 days from the time of admission. Compared to actual admissions, the tool had 72.8% (95% CI: 63.2-81.1%) sensitivity, 76.3% (95% CI: 74.7-77.9%) specificity, 76.2% (95% CI: 74.6-77.7%) accuracy, and 79.9% (95% CI: 75.2-84.6%) area under the receiver operating characteristics curve. A ML-based prediction model can be used as a screening tool to identify patients at risk of imminent ICU transfer within 24 h. This tool could improve the management of hospital resources and patient-throughput planning, thus delivering more effective care to patients hospitalized with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32393985, "title": "Therapeutic targets and signaling mechanisms of vitamin C activity against sepsis: a bioinformatics study.", "journal": "Brief Bioinform", "authors": ["Li, Rong", "Guo, Chao", "Li, Yu", "Qin, Zuqian", "Huang, Wenjun"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393985", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sepsis is a life-threatening complication of pneumonia, including coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia. Evidence of the benefits of vitamin C (VC) for the treatment of sepsis is accumulating. However, data revealing the targets and molecular mechanisms of VC action against sepsis are limited. In this report, a bioinformatics analysis of network pharmacology was conducted to demonstrate screening targets, biological functions, and the signaling pathways of VC action against sepsis. As shown in network assays, 63 primary causal targets for the VC action against sepsis were identified from the data, and four optimal core targets for the VC action against sepsis were identified. These core targets were epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinase-1 (MAPK1), proto-oncogene c (JUN), and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3). In addition, all biological processes (including a top 20) and signaling pathways (including a top 20) potentially involved in the VC action against sepsis were identified. The hub genes potentially involved in the VC action against sepsis and interlaced networks from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Mapper assays were highlighted. Considering all the bioinformatic findings, we conclude that VC antisepsis effects are mechanistically and pharmacologically implicated with suppression of immune dysfunction-related and inflammation-associated functional processes and other signaling pathways. These primary predictive biotargets may potentially be used to treat sepsis in future clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32441741, "title": "How should I manage immunosuppression in a kidney transplant patient with COVID-19? An ERA-EDTA DESCARTES expert opinion.", "journal": "Nephrol Dial Transplant", "authors": ["Maggiore, Umberto", "Abramowicz, Daniel", "Crespo, Marta", "Mariat, Christophe", "Mjoen, Geir", "Peruzzi, Licia", "Sever, Mehmet Sukru", "Oniscu, Gabriel C", "Hilbrands, Luuk", "Watschinger, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441741", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303108, "pmcid": "PMC7264586", "title": "Serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 for experimental, domestic, companion and wild animals excludes intermediate hosts of 35 different species of animals.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Deng, Junhua", "Jin, Yipeng", "Liu, Yuxiu", "Sun, Jie", "Hao, Liying", "Bai, Jingjing", "Huang, Tian", "Lin, Degui", "Jin, Yaping", "Tian, Kegong"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303108", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in 123 countries with more than 5,000 patients died from it. However, the original and intermediate hosts of the virus remain unknown. In this study, 1,914 serum samples from 35 animal species were used for detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies using double-antigen sandwich ELISA after validating its specificity and sensitivity. The results showed that no SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were detected in above samples which excluded the possibility of 35 animal species as intermediate host for SARS-CoV-2. More importantly, companion animals including pet dogs (including one dog the SARS-CoV-2 patient kept and two dogs which had close contact with it) and cats, street dogs and cats also showed serological negative to SARS-CoV-2, which relieved the public concerns for the pets as SARS-CoV-2 carriers."}, {"pmid": 32472948, "title": "Speeding tumor genotyping during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak through liquid biopsy.", "journal": "Cancer", "authors": ["Rolfo, Christian", "Russo, Alessandro", "de Miguel-Perez, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472948", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413619, "pmcid": "PMC7211630", "title": "beta-Glucan extracts from the same edible shiitake mushroom Lentinus edodes produce differential in-vitro immunomodulatory and pulmonary cytoprotective effects - Implications for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) immunotherapies.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Murphy, Emma J", "Masterson, Claire", "Rezoagli, Emanuele", "O'Toole, Daniel", "Major, Ian", "Stack, Gary D", "Lynch, Mark", "Laffey, John G", "Rowan, Neil J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413619", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus pneumonia is accompanied by rapid virus replication, where a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine storm may lead to acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. The uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-6, is associated with ARDS. This constituted the first study to report on the variability in physicochemical properties of \u03b2-glucans extracts from the same edible mushroom Lentinus edodes on the reduction of these pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Specifically, the impact on the immunomodulatory and cytoprotective properties of our novel in 'house' (IH-Lentinan, IHL) and a commercial (Carbosynth-Lentinan, CL) Lentinan extract were investigated using in vitro models of lung injury and macrophage phagocytosis. CL comprised higher amounts of \u03b1-glucans and correspondingly less \u03b2-glucans. The two lentinan extracts demonstrated varying immunomodulatory activities. Both Lentinan extracts reduced cytokine-induced NF-\u03baB activation in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells, with the IHL extract proving more effective at lower doses. In contrast, in activated THP-1 derived macrophages, the CL extract more effectively attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-\u03b1, IL-8, IL-2, IL-6, IL-22) as well as TGF-\u03b2 and IL-10. The CL extract attenuated oxidative stress-induced early apoptosis, while the IHL extract attenuated late apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate significant physicochemical differences between Lentinan extracts, which produce differential in vitro immunomodulatory and pulmonary cytoprotective effects that may also have positive relevance to candidate COVID-19 therapeutics targeting cytokine storm."}, {"pmid": 32220285, "pmcid": "PMC7156224", "title": "Management of pregnant women infected with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Luo, Yongwen", "Yin, Kai"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220285", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395795, "title": "What are the economic implications of COVID-19.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Zouari, Abderrazak"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395795", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438449, "title": "The Dilemma of Renin Angiotensin System Blockers in Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19): Insights on the Lung Fluid Handling and Gas Exchange in Heart Failure Patients.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Guazzi, Marco", "Moroni, Alice"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438449", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305211, "pmcid": "PMC7195056", "title": "The intriguing features of COVID-19 in children and its impact on the pandemic.", "journal": "J Pediatr (Rio J)", "authors": ["Safadi, Marco Aurelio Palazzi"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305211", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292290, "pmcid": "PMC7115349", "title": "[Triage strategy for suspected cases of COVID-19 with increasing numbers of patients].", "journal": "Notf Rett Med", "authors": ["Dommasch, M", "Spinner, C D"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292290", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32157849, "title": "[Construction and evaluation of a novel diagnosis pathway for 2019-Corona Virus Disease].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xiong, Z", "Fu, L", "Zhou, H", "Liu, J K", "Wang, A M", "Huang, Y", "Huang, X", "Yi, B", "Wu, J", "Li, C H", "Quan, J", "Li, M", "Leng, Y S", "Luo, W J", "Hu, C P", "Liao, W H"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157849", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To construct and evaluate a diagnosis pathway (Xiangya pathway) for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: Consecutive subjects aged \u226512 years old who were screened for COVID-19 were included in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 23 to February 3, 2020, and the subjects were further divided into the inception cohort and the validation cohort. The gender, age, onset time of disease of the subjects were recorded. The information of epidemiological history, fever, and the declined blood lymphocytes were collected as clinical indicators, CT scan was used to evaluate the possibility of COVID-19 and range of lung involvement. According to the current Chinese national standards, throat swabs of suspected cases were collected and the nucleic acid of COVID-19 was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The Xiangya pathway was constructed with multi-indexes, compared with clinical indicators, CT results and Chinese national standards, their effectiveness of detecting confirmed cases were verified in the inception and validation cohort. Results: A total of 382 consecutive adults who was screened for COVID-19 were included, and 261 cases were in the inception cohort and 121 cases were in the validation cohort. Among the 382 cases, 192 were males (50.3%) and 190 were females (49.7%), with a median age of 35 years (range: 15-92 years). There were 183 cases (47.9%) with epidemiological history, 275 cases (72.0%) with fever, 212 cases (55.5%) with decreased peripheral blood lymphocytes, 114 cases (29.8%) with positive CT findings, 43 cases (11.3%) with positive CT-COVID-19, and 30 cases (7.9%) with positive virus nucleic acid by throat swab. Compared with clinical indicators, the sensitivity and specificity of CT were 0.950 and 0.704, respectively. The accuracy of CT to make a definite diagnosis was higher than that of epidemiological history, fever, and declined blood lymphocyte count (0.809 vs 0.660, 0.532, 0.596, P=0.001, 0.002, 0.003, respectively). The sensitivity of this pathway and the pathway recommended by the Health Commission of China were both high (all were 1.000), while the specificity and accuracy of the Xiangya pathway were higher than the one recommended by the Health Commission (0.872 vs 0.765, 0.778 vs 0.592, both P<0.001). The CT-COVID-19 reduced the missed diagnosis rate caused by false negative of nucleic acid test (31 vs 64), with difference rate of 51.6%, and the positive rate of nucleic acid test was 64.5% (20/31). In validation cohort, the specificity and accuracy of the Xiangya pathway was 0.967, the positive rate of nucleic acid test was 76.9%(10/13). Conclusions: The Xiangya pathway can predict the nucleic acid test results of COVID-19, and can be applied as a reliable strategy to screen patients with suspected COVID-19 among people aged \u226512 years in areas other than Hubei during the epidemic period of COVID-19. The cohort size needs to be increased for further validation."}, {"pmid": 32267140, "title": "Rapid progression of inflammatory pulmonary infiltrates in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in a young man.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Czarnecki, Marcin", "Janocha-Litwin, Justyna", "Rostkowska-Bialas, Karolina", "Zielinska, Kamila", "Simon, Krzysztof"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267140", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445711, "pmcid": "PMC7239632", "title": "COVID-19: when should quarantine be enforced?", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bauch, Chris T", "Anand, Madhur"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445711", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475157, "title": "Exercise in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) era: A Question and Answer session with the experts Endorsed by the section of Sports Cardiology & Exercise of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC).", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Bhatia, Raghav T", "Marwaha, Sarandeep", "Malhotra, Aneil", "Iqbal, Zafar", "Hughes, Christopher", "Borjesson, Mats", "Niebauer, Josef", "Pelliccia, Antonio", "Schmied, Christian", "Serratosa, Luis", "Papadakis, Michael", "Sharma, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475157", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Regular exercise has multiple benefits for physical and mental health, including the body's ability to combat infections. The current COVID-19 pandemic and the social distancing measures employed to curtail the impact of the infection are likely to reduce the amount of usual physical activity being performed by most individuals, including habitual exercisers. The uncertainties relating to the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the heart may cause increased anxiety, particularly in athletes who need to sustain a vigorous exercise regime in order to maintain their skills and fitness in preparation for return to competition after a short re-training period. The aim of this document is to provide practical answers to pertinent questions being posed by the sporting community, in an attempt to offer reassurance, promote safe participation in exercise during as well as after the COVID-19 pandemic and provide a framework of management for physicians caring for athletes."}, {"pmid": 32479895, "pmcid": "PMC7256536", "title": "Drive-Through COVID-19 Testing During the 2020 Pandemic: a safe, efficient, and scalable model for pediatric patients and healthcare workers.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Flynn, Erin F", "Kuhn, Elizabeth", "Shaik, Mohammed", "Tarr, Elizabeth", "Scattolini, Nicole", "Ballantine, Allison"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479895", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530314, "title": "Telemedicine is a useful tool to deliver care to patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis during COVID-19 pandemic: results from Southern Italy.", "journal": "Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener", "authors": ["Capozzo, Rosa", "Zoccolella, Stefano", "Musio, Marco", "Barone, Roberta", "Accogli, Miriam", "Logroscino, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530314", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Teleneurology is an effective tool for the rapid evaluation of patients in remote locations with a well-established use in stroke and epilepsy. To date its adoption for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) care is still in a preliminary stage. We evaluated the feasibility of multidisciplinary assessment of patients with ALS, using telememedicine during the emergency determined by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: All patients included in this survey had received a diagnosis of ALS according to international criteria after a complete clinical and paraclinical assessment during 2019. A structured questionnaire was used by the neurologist with the patient or the caregiver. A video interaction was offered but refused by all patients because they did not feel comfortable or did not have smartphone. Results: Out of 31 clinical interviews 8 were completed directly with the patients and 23 with patients' caregivers. In a successive survey, most of patients were satisfied with the neurological interview (85%), the possibility to interact directly with the clinician being at home (85%) and reduction of economic and time costs because they avoided unnecessary travel to the clinic. Most of subjects expressed their willingness to continue to be included in remote evaluation programs (90%). Notably, none of the patients presented index symptoms of Covid-19 infection. Conclusion: Our study indicates that telemedicine is a valid tool to triage patients with ALS to increase practice outreach and efficiency. Delivery of care via telemedicine was effective and successful in people with ALS in the dramatic and sudden crisis determined by Covid-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32519997, "pmcid": "PMC7269921", "title": "Coping with COVID-19 - The life changing pandemic.", "journal": "J World Fed Orthod", "authors": ["Krishnan, Vinod"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519997", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380501, "title": "Implications of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Crisis on Clinical Cancer Care: Report of the University Cancer Center Hamburg.", "journal": "Oncol Res Treat", "authors": ["Weisel, Katja C", "Morgner-Miehlke, Andrea", "Petersen, Cordula", "Fiedler, Walter", "Block, Andreas", "Schafhausen, Philippe", "Knobloch, Johannes K", "Bokemeyer, Carsten"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380501", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemia, routine clinical work was immediately, deeply, and sustainably impacted in Germany and worldwide. The infrastructure of almost all hospitals is currently redirected to provide a maximum of intensive care resources, including the necessary staff. In parallel, routine as well as emergency clinical care for all patients in need has to be secured. This challenge becomes particularly evident in cancer care. In order to maintain adequate oncological care at all levels of provision and to conduct especially curative and intensive treatments with a maximum of safety, continuous adaption of the oncology care system has to be ensured. Intensive communication with colleagues and patients is needed as is consequent expert networking and continuous reflection of the own developed strategies. In parallel, it is of high importance to actively avoid cessation of innovation in order not to endanger the continuous improvement in prognosis of cancer patients. This includes sustained conduction of clinical trials as well as ongoing translational research. Here, we describe measures taken at the University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH) - a recognized comprehensive oncology center of excellence - during the COVID-19 crisis. We aim to provide support and potential perspectives to generate a discussion basis on how to maintain high-end cancer care during such a crisis and how to conduct patients safely into the future."}, {"pmid": 32269088, "pmcid": "PMC7144257", "title": "Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Du, Rong-Hui", "Liang, Li-Rong", "Yang, Cheng-Qing", "Wang, Wen", "Cao, Tan-Ze", "Li, Ming", "Guo, Guang-Yun", "Du, Juan", "Zheng, Chun-Lan", "Zhu, Qi", "Hu, Ming", "Li, Xu-Yan", "Peng, Peng", "Shi, Huan-Zhong"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269088", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the death of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.All clinical and laboratory parameters were collected prospectively from a cohort of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were hospitalised to Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China) between 25 December 2019 and 7 February 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate the relationship between each variable and the risk of death of COVID-19 pneumonia patients.In total, 179 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (97 male and 82 female) were included in the present prospective study, of whom 21 died. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age \u226565\u2005years (OR 3.765, 95% CI 1.146\u201217.394; p=0.023), pre-existing concurrent cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases (OR 2.464, 95% CI 0.755\u20128.044; p=0.007), CD3+CD8+ T-cells \u226475\u2005cells\u00b7\u03bcL-1 (OR 3.982, 95% CI 1.132\u201214.006; p<0.001) and cardiac troponin I \u22650.05\u2005ng\u00b7mL-1 (OR 4.077, 95% CI 1.166\u201214.253; p<0.001) were associated with an increase in risk of mortality from COVID-19 pneumonia. In a sex-, age- and comorbid illness-matched case-control study, CD3+CD8+ T-cells \u226475\u2005cells\u00b7\u03bcL-1 and cardiac troponin I \u22650.05\u2005ng\u00b7mL-1 remained as predictors for high mortality from COVID-19 pneumonia.We identified four risk factors: age \u226565\u2005years, pre-existing concurrent cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases, CD3+CD8+ T-cells \u226475\u2005cells\u00b7\u03bcL-1 and cardiac troponin I \u22650.05\u2005ng\u00b7mL-1 The latter two factors, especially, were predictors for mortality of COVID-19 pneumonia patients."}, {"pmid": 32220660, "pmcid": "PMC7270527", "title": "Challenges posed by COVID-19 to children with cancer.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Kotecha, Rishi S"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220660", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497796, "pmcid": "PMC7263262", "title": "Combination of thrombolytic and immunosuppressive therapy for coronavirus disease 2019: A case report.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Papamichalis, Panagiotis", "Papadogoulas, Antonios", "Katsiafylloudis, Periklis", "Skoura, Apostolia-Lemonia", "Papamichalis, Michail", "Neou, Evangelia", "Papadopoulos, Dimitrios", "Karagiannis, Spyridon", "Zafeiridis, Tilemachos", "Babalis, Dimitris", "Komnos, Apostolos"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497796", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a proportion of patients Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a multi-systematic syndrome characterized by hyperinflammation, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and hypercoagulability. A 68-year-old man with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) presented in our Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with respiratory failure, Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) and skin ischemia - microthrombosis. Specific coagulation and inflammatory markers (D-dimer, ferritin and C-reactive protein) along with the clinical picture triggered the trial of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and Tocilizumab. This was followed by resolution of skin ischemia and CRS while respiratory parameters improved. No major complications associated with rt-PA or Tocilizumab occurred. Combination of rt-PA with targeted anti-inflammatory treatment could be a new therapeutic option for patients with COVID-19, ARDS, hyperinflammation and increased blood viscosity."}, {"pmid": 32287800, "pmcid": "PMC7131627", "title": "China uses mass surveillance tech to fight spread of coronavirus.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Lu, Donna"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287800", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355243, "title": "Scores of coronavirus vaccines are in competition - how will scientists choose the best?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355243", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514174, "title": "A single-cell atlas of the peripheral immune response in patients with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Wilk, Aaron J", "Rustagi, Arjun", "Zhao, Nancy Q", "Roque, Jonasel", "Martinez-Colon, Giovanny J", "McKechnie, Julia L", "Ivison, Geoffrey T", "Ranganath, Thanmayi", "Vergara, Rosemary", "Hollis, Taylor", "Simpson, Laura J", "Grant, Philip", "Subramanian, Aruna", "Rogers, Angela J", "Blish, Catherine A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514174", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an urgent need to better understand the pathophysiology of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has infected more than three million people worldwide1. Approximately 20% of patients with COVID-19 develop severe disease and 5% of patients require intensive care2. Severe disease has been associated with changes in peripheral immune activity, including increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines3,4 that may be produced by a subset of inflammatory monocytes5,6, lymphopenia7,8 and T cell exhaustion9,10. To elucidate pathways in peripheral immune cells that might lead to immunopathology or protective immunity in severe COVID-19, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from seven patients hospitalized for COVID-19, four of whom had acute respiratory distress syndrome, and six healthy controls. We identify reconfiguration of peripheral immune cell phenotype in COVID-19, including a heterogeneous interferon-stimulated gene signature, HLA class II downregulation and a developing neutrophil population that appears closely related to plasmablasts appearing in patients with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Importantly, we found that peripheral monocytes and lymphocytes do not express substantial amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, we provide a cell atlas of the peripheral immune response to severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32243288, "pmcid": "PMC7173085", "title": "The COVID-19: Role of Ambulatory Surgery Facilities in This Global Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Rajan, Niraja", "Joshi, Girish P"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243288", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now become a global pandemic. This has led the United States to declare a national emergency and a ban on all elective diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, as well as elective surgery in inpatient and outpatient settings. Ambulatory surgery facilities that perform only elective procedures are thus likely to be closed. However, these facilities may be able assist acute care hospitals, as essential (urgent and emergent) surgeries and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures will still need to be performed. The aim of this article is explore the potential contribution of ASFs in the current healthcare crisis. It is important to understand that COVID-19-related information is continually evolving, and thus, the discussion provided here is subject to change."}, {"pmid": 32228322, "pmcid": "PMC7191633", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic, coronaviruses, and diabetes mellitus.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Muniyappa, Ranganath", "Gubbi, Sriram"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228322", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Older age and presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity significantly increases the risk for hospitalization and death in COVID-19 patients. In this Perspective, informed by the studies on SARS-CoV-2, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), and the current literature on SARS-CoV-2, we discuss potential mechanisms by which diabetes modulates the host-viral interactions and host-immune responses. We hope to highlight gaps in knowledge that require further studies pertinent to COVID-19 in patients with diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32503831, "title": "Lockdown During COVID-19: The Greek Success.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Moris, Dimitrios", "Schizas, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503831", "countries": ["Greece"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus is an ongoing pandemic challenging health systems worldwide. The aim of this report was to evaluate the effectiveness of lockdown in different countries, highlighting the performance of Greek society and authorities. We analyzed publicly available data from the \"Worldometer\". We evaluated the efficacy of lockdown at one month after implementation. Delta Days (DD) referred to the difference in the days of reaching 1 case/million people to the adoption of lockdown. Higher healthcare expenditure as % of the national GDP was not correlated with better 30-day mortality outcomes. DD index was significantly correlated to the incidence of COVID-19 per million people at 30 days (p-value=0.001). The correlation between DD and 30-day mortality was not statistically significant (p-value=0.087). Early lockdown was proven to be the appropriate policy to limit the spread of COVID-19. Greece was a success story in preventing spread despite limited resources."}, {"pmid": 32313110, "pmcid": "PMC7186932", "title": "The need for urogenital tract monitoring in COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Urol", "authors": ["Wang, Shangqian", "Zhou, Xiang", "Zhang, Tongtong", "Wang, Zengjun"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313110", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392880, "title": "Time Course of COVID-19 Cases in Austria.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Moshammer, Hanns", "Poteser, Michael", "Lemmerer, Kathrin", "Wallner, Peter", "Hutter, Hans-Peter"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392880", "countries": ["China", "Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus, which first appeared in China in late 2019, and reached pandemic distribution in early 2020. The first major outbreak in Europe occurred in Northern Italy where it spread to neighboring countries, notably to Austria, where skiing resorts served as a main transmission hub. Soon, the Austrian government introduced strict measures to curb the spread of the virus. Using publicly available data, we assessed the efficiency of the governmental measures. We assumed an average incubation period of one week and an average duration of infectivity of 10 days. One week after the introduction of strict measures, the increase in daily new cases was reversed, and the reproduction number dropped. The crude estimates tended to overestimate the reproduction rate in the early phase. Publicly available data provide a first estimate about the effectiveness of public health measures. However, more data are needed for an unbiased assessment."}, {"pmid": 32267209, "pmcid": "PMC7233383", "title": "Policies and Guidelines for COVID-19 Preparedness: Experiences from the University of Washington.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Mossa-Basha, Mahmud", "Medverd, Jonathan", "Linnau, Kenneth", "Lynch, John B", "Wener, Mark H", "Kicska, Gregory", "Staiger, Thomas", "Sahani, Dushyant"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267209", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic initially presented in the United States in the greater Seattle area, and has rapidly progressed across the nation in the past 2 months, with the United States having the highest number of cases in the world. Radiology departments play a critical role in policy and guideline development both for the department and for the institutions, specifically in planning diagnostic screening, triage, and management of patients. In addition, radiology workflows, volumes and access must be optimized in preparation for the expected COVID-19 patient surges. This article discusses the processes that have been implemented at the University of Washington in managing the COVID-19 pandemic as well in preparing for patient surges, which may provide important guidance for other radiology departments who are in the early stages of preparation and management."}, {"pmid": 32436317, "pmcid": "PMC7267079", "title": "The fear of COVID-19 infection is the main cause of the new diagnoses of hand eczema: Report from the frontline in Milan.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Giacalone, Serena", "Bortoluzzi, Paolo", "Nazzaro, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436317", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501315, "pmcid": "PMC7253990", "title": "Au-decorated BN nanotube as a breathalyzer for potential medical applications.", "journal": "J Mol Liq", "authors": ["Ge, Chenjiao", "Li, Mingli", "Li, Mingxuan", "Peyghan, Ali Ahmadi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501315", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory viral infections such as coronavirus (COVID-19) will cause a great mortality, especially in people who underly lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary and asthma. Very recently, the COVID-19 outbreak has exposed the lack of quick approaches for screening people who may have risen risk of pathogen contact. One proposed non-invasive potential approach to recognize the viral infection is analysis of exhaled gases. It has been indicated that the nitric oxide is one of most important biomarkers which might be emanated by respiratory epithelial cells. Using density functional theory calculations, here, we introduced a novel Au-decorated BN nanotube-based breathalyzer for probable recognition of NO gas released from the respiratory epithelial cells in the presence of interfering CO2 and H2O gases. This breathalyzer benefits from different advantages including high sensitivity (sensing response\u202f=\u202f101.5), high selectivity, portability, short recovery time (1.8\u202f\u03bcs at 298\u202fK), and low cost."}, {"pmid": 32312574, "pmcid": "PMC7141630", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia with hemoptysis: Acute segmental pulmonary emboli associated with novel coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Casey, Kyla", "Iteen, Alexander", "Nicolini, Reese", "Auten, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312574", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent retrospective studies from Wuhan, China suggest Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be associated with a hypercoagulable state and increased risk for venous thromboembolism. The overlap in the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19 with concurrent pulmonary embolism creates a diagnostic challenge for emergency medicine physicians in patients already at risk for renal impairment. However, identifying features atypical for COVID-19 alone may play a role in the judicious use of Computed Tomography Angiography among these patients. Hemoptysis is seen in roughly 13% of pulmonary embolism cases and infrequently reported among COVID-19 infections. Additionally, the presence of right heart strain on electrocardiography (EKG) is a well described clinical presentations of pulmonary embolism not reported commonly with COVID-19 infections."}, {"pmid": 32426028, "pmcid": "PMC7227542", "title": "Teleconsultation-mediated nasoalveolar molding therapy for babies with cleft lip/palate during the COVID-19 outbreak: Implementing change at pandemic speed.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Denadai, Rafael", "Lo, Lun-Jou"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426028", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339975, "pmcid": "PMC7170798", "title": "Safe bronchodilator treatment in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients: A single center experience.", "journal": "J Crit Care", "authors": ["Miller, Asaf", "Epstein, Danny"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339975", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389156, "pmcid": "PMC7251288", "title": "Maintaining mask stockpiles in the COVID-19 pandemic: Taiwan as a learning model.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Chiang, Cho-Hung", "Chiang, Cho-Hsien", "Chiang, Cho-Han"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389156", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434767, "title": "Iranian national COVID-19 electronic screening system: experience to share.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad", "Janati, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434767", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383802, "pmcid": "PMC7267460", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 in the diagnosis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.", "journal": "Depress Anxiety", "authors": ["Fontenelle, Leonardo F", "Miguel, Euripedes C"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383802", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32159317, "title": "[Comparison of epidemic characteristics between SARS in 2003 and COVID-19 in 2020 in Guangzhou].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, X Q", "Cai, W F", "Huang, L F", "Chen, C", "Liu, Y F", "Zhang, Z B", "Yuan, J", "Li, T G", "Wang, M"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159317", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: By analyzing the epidemic characteristics and related indicators of SARS and COVID-19, to explore the reasons for the similarities and differences of the two epidemics, so as to provide reference for epidemic prevention and control. Methods: The general situation, clinical classification, activity history, contact history, family members' contact and incidence of the two infectious diseases in Guangzhou were collected and used to analyze the time characteristics, occupational characteristics, age characteristics and other key indicators of the two diseases, including the number of cases, composition ratio (%), mean, median, crude mortality, etc. Results: A total of 1 072 cases of SARS were included in the study. Three hundred and fifty three were severe cases with the incidence of 30.13%. Forty three cases of death were reported with a mortality rate of 4.01%. The average age was 46 years old, and 26.31% of the cases were medical staff. The interval time between first report to continuous zero reports was 129 days. As to COVID-19, a total of 346 cases were included. 58 of which were severe cases with the incidence of 16.67%. One case of death was reported with a mortality rate of 0.29%. The average age was 38 years old, and no hospital infection among medical staff was reported. The interval time between first report to continuous zero reports was 35 days. Conclusions: The prevention and control strategies for COVID-19 were more effective compared to that of SARS, and the emergency response procedures were worth to be evaluated and summarized."}, {"pmid": 32304110, "title": "Dosing will be a key success factor in repurposing antivirals for COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Smith, Patrick F", "Dodds, Michael", "Bentley, Darren", "Yeo, Karen", "Rayner, Craig"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304110", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32132379, "pmcid": "PMC7147276", "title": "Editorial: The explosive epidemic outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the persistent threat of respiratory tract infectious diseases to global health security.", "journal": "Curr Opin Pulm Med", "authors": ["Zumla, Alimuddin", "Niederman, Michael S"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32132379", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275792, "pmcid": "PMC7262148", "title": "Global challenges to urology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Ahmed, Kamran", "Hayat, Sulaiman", "Dasgupta, Prokar"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320081, "pmcid": "PMC7264804", "title": "How to Perform Pediatric Lung Ultrasound Examinations in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["De Rose, Cristina", "Inchingolo, Riccardo", "Smargiassi, Andrea", "Zampino, Giuseppe", "Valentini, Piero", "Buonsenso, Danilo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320081", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398888, "pmcid": "PMC7214307", "title": "[ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in times of COVID-19: back to the last century? A call for attention].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398888", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473049, "title": "Estimation of the Serial Interval and Basic Reproduction Number of COVID-19 in Qom, Iran, and Three Other Countries: A Data-Driven Analysis in the Early Phase of the Outbreak.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Aghaali, Mohammad", "Kolifarhood, Goodarz", "Nikbakht, Roya", "Mozafar Saadati, Hossein", "Hashemi Nazari, Seyed Saeed"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473049", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 was first reported from China, and on February 19, 2020, the first case was confirmed in Qom, Iran. The basic reproduction number (R0 ) of infection is variable in different populations and periods. The present study aimed to estimate the R0 of COVID-19 in Qom, Iran and compare it with other countries. For estimation of the serial interval, we used data of the 51 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and their 318 close contacts in the Qom, Iran. The daily number of confirmed cases in the early phase of the outbreak and estimated serial interval were used for R0 estimation. We used the time-varying method as a method with the least bias to estimate R0 in Qom, Iran, China, Italy, and South Korea. The serial interval was estimated with gamma distribution, mean of 4.55 days and a standard deviation of 3.30 days for the COVID-19 epidemic based on Qom data. The number of R0 in the present study was estimated to be between 2 and 3 in Qom. Of the four countries studied, the lowest R0 was estimated for South Korea (1.5-2) and the highest for Iran (4-5). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that R0 is sensitive to the applied mean generation time. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first to estimate R0 number in Qom. To control the epidemic, the number of reproduction number should be reduced by decreasing the contact rate, decreasing transmission probability and decreasing the duration of the infectious period."}, {"pmid": 32302810, "pmcid": "PMC7151283", "title": "Changes in air quality during the lockdown in Barcelona (Spain) one month into the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Tobias, Aurelio", "Carnerero, Cristina", "Reche, Cristina", "Massague, Jordi", "Via, Marta", "Minguillon, Maria Cruz", "Alastuey, Andres", "Querol, Xavier"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302810", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lockdown measures came into force in Spain from March 14th, two weeks after the start of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, to reduce the epidemic curve. Our study aims to describe changes in air pollution levels during the lockdown measures in the city of Barcelona (NE Spain), by studying the time evolution of atmospheric pollutants recorded at the urban background and traffic air quality monitoring stations. After two weeks of lockdown, urban air pollution markedly decreased but with substantial differences among pollutants. The most significant reduction was estimated for BC and NO2 (-45 to -51%), pollutants mainly related to traffic emissions. A lower reduction was observed for PM10 (-28 to -31.0%). By contrast, O3 levels increased (+33 to +57% of the 8\u202fh daily maxima), probably due to lower titration of O3 by NO and the decrease of NOx in a VOC-limited environment. Relevant differences in the meteorology of these two periods were also evidenced. The low reduction for PM10 is probably related to a significant regional contribution and the prevailing secondary origin of fine aerosols, but an in-depth evaluation has to be carried out to interpret this lower decrease. There is no defined trend for the low SO2 levels, probably due to the preferential reduction in emissions from the least polluting ships. A reduction of most pollutants to minimal concentrations are expected for the forthcoming weeks because of the more restrictive actions implemented for a total lockdown, which entered into force on March 30th. There are still open questions on why PM10 levels were much less reduced than BC and NO2 and on what is the proportion of the abatement of pollution directly related to the lockdown, without meteorological interferences."}, {"pmid": 32305286, "pmcid": "PMC7161520", "title": "Adult cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tiered Patient Triage Guidance Statement.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Haft, Jonathan W", "Atluri, Pavan", "Alawadi, Gorav", "Engelman, Daniel", "Grant, Michael C", "Hassan, Ansar", "Legare, Jean-Francois", "Whitman, Glenn", "Arora, Rakesh C"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305286", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the setting of the current novel coronavirus pandemic, this document has been generated to provide guiding statements for the adult cardiac surgeon to consider in a rapidly evolving national landscape. Acknowledging the risk for a potentially prolonged need for cardiac surgery procedure deferral, the authors have created this proposed template for physicians and interdisciplinary teams to consider in protecting their patients, institution and their highly specialized cardiac surgery team. In addition, recommendations on the transition from traditional in-person patient assessments and outpatient follow-up are provided. Lastly, we advocate that the cardiac surgeon must continue to serve as leaders, experts, and relevant members of our medical community, shifting our role as necessary in this time of need."}, {"pmid": 32234805, "pmcid": "PMC7164555", "title": "Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 transmission suggests epidemic control with digital contact tracing.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Ferretti, Luca", "Wymant, Chris", "Kendall, Michelle", "Zhao, Lele", "Nurtay, Anel", "Abeler-Dorner, Lucie", "Parker, Michael", "Bonsall, David", "Fraser, Christophe"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234805", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The newly emergent human virus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2) is resulting in high fatality rates and incapacitated health systems. Preventing further transmission is a priority. We analyzed key parameters of epidemic spread to estimate the contribution of different transmission routes and determine requirements for case isolation and contact tracing needed to stop the epidemic. Although SARS-CoV-2 is spreading too fast to be contained by manual contact tracing, it could be controlled if this process were faster, more efficient, and happened at scale. A contact-tracing app that builds a memory of proximity contacts and immediately notifies contacts of positive cases can achieve epidemic control if used by enough people. By targeting recommendations to only those at risk, epidemics could be contained without resorting to mass quarantines (\"lockdowns\") that are harmful to society. We discuss the ethical requirements for an intervention of this kind."}, {"pmid": 32527344, "title": "[Clinical study of artesunate in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Lin, Yanrong", "Wu, Fengyao", "Xie, Zhouhua", "Song, Xiaoling", "Zhu, Qingdong", "Wei, Jing", "Tan, Shiji", "Liang, Lianshao", "Gong, Beibei"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527344", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss the effective of artesunate in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Using prospective method, the 43 cases of confirmed COVID-19 patients in Nanning Fourth People's Hospital from January 22nd to February 15th in 2020 were enrolled and divided into routine treatment group (n = 25) and artesunate treatment group (n = 18) by odd-even rule after admission. According to the guidelines, the routine treatment group was recommended to receive lopinavir/ritonavir 500 mg + \u03b1-aerosolized interferon 500\u00d7104 U, twice daily; the artesunate treatment group was given artesunate 60 mg, twice daily besides the routine treatment, for 10 days in both groups. During the treatment period, the pharynx swab test of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid was carried out every 2 days, and the routine blood test, liver and kidney functions, blood coagulation function and myocardial enzymes were re-examined. Chest CT was checked every 3 days after the treatment, and re-examined every 5 days after the condition was improved. The routine blood test and biochemical results of two groups were observed, and the efficacy evaluation was performed by monitoring the time for significant improvement of symptoms, negative conversion time of throat swab virus nucleic acid, lung lesion absorption time, adverse drug reactions and the length of hospital stay of the two groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, body weight, routine blood test and biochemical results before treatment. In artesunate treatment group, the time for significant improvement of symptoms (days: 3.33\u00b11.91 vs. 4.84\u00b12.19), negative conversion time of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid (days: 4.72\u00b12.16 vs. 6.68\u00b13.76), lung lesion absorption starting time (days: 5.39\u00b12.36 vs. 7.48\u00b13.78), lung lesion absorption greater than 70% time (days: 14.11\u00b14.16 vs. 17.04\u00b14.42) and the length of hospital stay (days: 16.56\u00b13.71 vs. 18.04\u00b13.97) were significantly shorter than those in routine treatment group, with significant differences (all P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in two groups had no significant difference (72.2% vs. 80.0%, P > 0.05). Artesunate can shorten the treatment time of COVID-19, improve prognosis and eliminate pathogens, with fewer adverse reactions and a good application prospect."}, {"pmid": 32329971, "pmcid": "PMC7200056", "title": "Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Arons, Melissa M", "Hatfield, Kelly M", "Reddy, Sujan C", "Kimball, Anne", "James, Allison", "Jacobs, Jesica R", "Taylor, Joanne", "Spicer, Kevin", "Bardossy, Ana C", "Oakley, Lisa P", "Tanwar, Sukarma", "Dyal, Jonathan W", "Harney, Josh", "Chisty, Zeshan", "Bell, Jeneita M", "Methner, Mark", "Paul, Prabasaj", "Carlson, Christina M", "McLaughlin, Heather P", "Thornburg, Natalie", "Tong, Suxiang", "Tamin, Azaibi", "Tao, Ying", "Uehara, Anna", "Harcourt, Jennifer", "Clark, Shauna", "Brostrom-Smith, Claire", "Page, Libby C", "Kay, Meagan", "Lewis, James", "Montgomery, Patty", "Stone, Nimalie D", "Clark, Thomas A", "Honein, Margaret A", "Duchin, Jeffrey S", "Jernigan, John A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329971", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can spread rapidly within skilled nursing facilities. After identification of a case of Covid-19 in a skilled nursing facility, we assessed transmission and evaluated the adequacy of symptom-based screening to identify infections in residents. We conducted two serial point-prevalence surveys, 1 week apart, in which assenting residents of the facility underwent nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal testing for SARS-CoV-2, including real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), viral culture, and sequencing. Symptoms that had been present during the preceding 14 days were recorded. Asymptomatic residents who tested positive were reassessed 7 days later. Residents with SARS-CoV-2 infection were categorized as symptomatic with typical symptoms (fever, cough, or shortness of breath), symptomatic with only atypical symptoms, presymptomatic, or asymptomatic. Twenty-three days after the first positive test result in a resident at this skilled nursing facility, 57 of 89 residents (64%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among 76 residents who participated in point-prevalence surveys, 48 (63%) tested positive. Of these 48 residents, 27 (56%) were asymptomatic at the time of testing; 24 subsequently developed symptoms (median time to onset, 4 days). Samples from these 24 presymptomatic residents had a median rRT-PCR cycle threshold value of 23.1, and viable virus was recovered from 17 residents. As of April 3, of the 57 residents with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 11 had been hospitalized (3 in the intensive care unit) and 15 had died (mortality, 26%). Of the 34 residents whose specimens were sequenced, 27 (79%) had sequences that fit into two clusters with a difference of one nucleotide. Rapid and widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was demonstrated in this skilled nursing facility. More than half of residents with positive test results were asymptomatic at the time of testing and most likely contributed to transmission. Infection-control strategies focused solely on symptomatic residents were not sufficient to prevent transmission after SARS-CoV-2 introduction into this facility."}, {"pmid": 32463569, "title": "Rapid on-site evaluation and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cancer Cytopathol", "authors": ["Cozzolino, Immacolata", "Ronchi, Andrea", "Franco, Renato"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463569", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468977, "title": "COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A MULTINATIONAL REPORT PROVIDING PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH OF ELDERLY.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Monteiro-Junior, Renato Sobral", "Carneiro, Lara S F", "Barca, Maria Lage", "Kristiansen, Kari Midtbo", "Sampaio, Cristina Andrade", "Haikal, Desiree Sant'Ana", "Antunes, Leda", "Leao, Luana Lemos", "Deslandes, Andrea Camaz"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468977", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365287, "title": "Emergency department COVID management policies: one institution's experience and lessons learned.", "journal": "Emerg Med Pract", "authors": ["Leibner, Evan S", "Stokes, Sonya", "Ahmad, Danish", "Legome, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365287", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, originated in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in late 2019 and grew rapidly into a pandemic. As of the writing of this monograph, there are over 2 million confirmed cases worldwide and 147,000 deaths. New York City, with over 120,000 COVID-19-positive patients and over 11,000 deaths, has become the infection epicenter in the United States. The Mount Sinai Health System, with 8 hospitals spread across New York City and Long Island, has been on the forefront of the pandemic. This compendium summarizes the lessons learned through interdisciplinary collaborations to meet the varied challenges created by the explosive appearance of the infection in our community, and will be updated continuously as new research and best practices emerge. It is our hope is that the collaborations and lessons learned that went into creating these guidelines and protocols can serve as a useful template for other systems to adapt to their fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32393101, "pmcid": "PMC7218354", "title": "Outpatient Otolaryngology in the Era of COVID-19: A Data-Driven Analysis of Practice Patterns.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Kasle, David A", "Torabi, Sina J", "Savoca, Emily L", "Judson, Benjamin L", "Manes, R Peter"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393101", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has induced a prioritization of acute care and telehealth, affecting the quantity of patients seen and the modality of their care. Retrospective review. Single-institution study conducted within the Division of Otolaryngology at the Yale School of Medicine. Data on all outpatient appointments within the Division of Otolaryngology were obtained from administrative records of billing and scheduling from March 16 to April 10, 2020. For comparison, a corresponding period from 2019 was also utilized. Of 5913 scheduled visits, 3665 (62.0%) were seen between March 18 and April 12, 2019, in comparison with 649 of 5044 (12.9%) during the corresponding COVID-19-affected period. The majority of completed visits performed in weeks 1 and 2 were in person, while the majority in weeks 3 and 4 were via telehealth. Among subspecialties, a larger proportion of completed visits in 2020 were performed by pediatric and head and neck oncology otolaryngologists as compared with general/specialty otolaryngologists (P < .001). Older adults (\u226565 years) were less likely to have telehealth visits than younger adults (18-64 years; 45.6% vs 59.6%, P = .003). A major decrease in the completion rates of scheduled visits was seen in the COVID-19-affected period, though this was not proportional among subspecialties. An associated increase in telehealth visits was observed. After COVID-19-related hospital policy changes, approximately 2 weeks passed before telehealth visits surpassed in-person visits, though this was not true among older adults."}, {"pmid": 32433010, "title": "SARS-CoV-2: The Path of Prevention and Control.", "journal": "Infect Disord Drug Targets", "authors": ["Mohamed, Amal A", "Mohamed, Nouran", "Mohamoud, Seham", "Zahran, Fawkia E", "Khattab, Rania Abdelmonem", "El-Damasy, Dalia Ali", "Alsayed, Eman", "Abd-Elsalam, Sherief"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433010", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) continues to expand worldwide. Although the number of cases and the death rate among children and adolescents are reported to be low compared to adults, limited data have been reported. We urgently need to find treatment and vaccine to stop the epidemic. Vaccine development is in progress, but any approved and effective vaccine for COVID-19 is at least 12 to 18 months. The World Health Organization (WHO), the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have issued instructions and strategies for containing COVID-19 outbreak to the general public, physicians, travelers and injured patients to follow so that the transmission to a healthy population can be prevented. In this review, we summarize demographic data, clinical characteristics, complications and outcomes and finally prevention and control of this serious pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32027848, "pmcid": "PMC7130021", "title": "Coronavirus in China.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Burki, Talha Khan"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32027848", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339478, "pmcid": "PMC7182509", "title": "COVID-19 deaths in Lombardy, Italy: data in context.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Odone, Anna", "Delmonte, Davide", "Scognamiglio, Thea", "Signorelli, Carlo"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339478", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423896, "title": "Covid-19: Surveys indicate low infection level in community.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423896", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417675, "pmcid": "PMC7207144", "title": "Characterisation of COVID-19 Pandemic in Paediatric Age Group: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Mustafa, Naira M", "A Selim, Laila"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417675", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic first originated in Wuhan the capital of Hubei province, China in December 2019 and then spread globally. It is caused by SARS-CoV-2. Until 1st April 2020, the number of cases worldwide was recorded to be 823,626 with 40,598 deaths. Most of the reported cases were adults with few cases described in children and neonates. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyse the disease characterisation in paediatric age group including the possibility of vertical transmission to the neonates. Articles published up to 2nd April 2020 in PubMed and google Scholar were considered for this study. The most frequently reported symptoms were cough 49% (95% CI: 42 - 55%) and fever 47% (95% CI: 41- 53%). Lymphopenia and increased Procalcitonin were recorded in (21%, 95% CI: 12 - 30%) and (28%, 95% CI: 18 - 37%) respectively. No sex difference for COVID-19 was found in paediatric age group (p\u202f=\u202f0.7). Case fatality rate was 0%. Four out of 58 neonates (6.8%) born to COVID-19 confirmed mothers tested positive for the disease. The disease trajectory in Paediatric patients has good prognosis compared to adults. Intensive care unit and death are rare. Vertical transmission and virus shedding in breast milk are yet to be established."}, {"pmid": 32361072, "pmcid": "PMC7190553", "title": "Emerging practice patterns in vascular surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Hemingway, Jake F", "Singh, Niten", "Starnes, Benjamin W"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361072", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ever since the first positive test was identified on January 21, 2020, Washington State has been on the frontlines of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Using information obtained from Italian surgeons in Milan and given the concerns regarding the increasing case numbers in Washington State, we implemented new vascular surgery guidelines, which canceled all nonemergent surgical procedures and involved significant changes to our inpatient and outpatient workflow. The consequences of these decisions are not yet understood. The vascular surgery division at Harborview Medical Center immediately instituted new vascular surgery COVID-19 practice guidelines on March 17, 2020. Subsequent clinic, operative, and consultation volume data were collected for the next 4\u00a0weeks and compared with the historical averages. The Washington State case and death numbers and University of Washington Medical Center (UW Medicine) hospital case volumes were collected from publicly available sources. Since March 10, 2020, the number of confirmed positive COVID-19 cases within the UW Medicine system has increased 1867%, with floor and intensive care unit bed usage increasing by 120% and 215%, respectively. After instituting our new COVID-19 guidelines, our average weekly clinical volume decreased by 96.5% (from 43.1 patients to 1.5 patients per week), our average weekly surgical volume decreased by 71.7% (from 15 cases to 4.25 cases per week), and our inpatient consultation volume decreased to 1.81 consultations daily; 60% of the consultations were completed as telemedicine \"e-consults\" in which the patient was never evaluated in-person. The trainee surgical volume has also decreased by 86.4% for the vascular surgery fellow and 84.8% for the integrated resident. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed every aspect of \"normal\" vascular surgical practice in a large academic institution. New practice guidelines effectively reduced operating room usage and decreased staff and trainee exposure to potential infection, with the changes to clinic volume not resulting in an immediate increase in emergency department or inpatient consultations or acute surgical emergencies. These changes, although preserving resources, have also reduced trainee exposure and operative volume significantly, which requires new modes of education delivery. The lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic, if analyzed, will help us prepare for the next crisis."}, {"pmid": 32337201, "pmcid": "PMC7176616", "title": "Atypical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report.", "journal": "World J Clin Cases", "authors": ["Li, Rui-Lin", "Chu, Shu-Guang", "Luo, Yu", "Huang, Zhen-Hao", "Hao, Ying", "Fan, Cheng-Hui"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337201", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of pneumonia subsequently attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province on December 8, 2019. The symptoms included fever, coughing, and breathing difficulties. A few patients with this infection may only have atypical symptoms, which could lead to a misdiagnosis and subsequently further facilitate the spread of the virus. A 74-year-old female patient complained of severe diarrhea. She did not have fever, coughing, or breathing difficulties. A physical examination revealed no obvious positive signs. The patient had been hypertensive for more than 10 years. Her blood pressure was well controlled. On January 9, 2020, the patient's son visited a colleague who was later confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 and his first close contact with our patient was on January 17. The patient was first diagnosed with gastrointestinal dysfunction. However, considering her indirect contact with a SARS-CoV-2-infected individual, we suggested that an atypical pneumonia virus infection should be ruled out. A computed tomography scan was performed on January 26, and showed ground-glass nodules scattered along the two lungs, suggestive of viral pneumonia. Given the clinical characteristics, epidemiological history, and examination, the patient was diagnosed with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Our patient had atypical symptoms of COVID-19. Careful acquisition of an epidemiological history is necessary to make a correct diagnosis and strategize a treatment plan."}, {"pmid": 32348743, "pmcid": "PMC7194835", "title": "Screening all pregnant women admitted to labor and delivery for the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Vintzileos, William S", "Muscat, Jolene", "Hoffmann, Eva", "John, Nicole S", "Vertichio, Rosanne", "Vintzileos, Anthony M", "Vo, Duc"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348743", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521345, "title": "How can airborne transmission of COVID-19 indoors be minimised?", "journal": "Environ Int", "authors": ["Morawska, Lidia", "Tang, Julian W", "Bahnfleth, William", "Bluyssen, Philomena M", "Boerstra, Atze", "Buonanno, Giorgio", "Cao, Junji", "Dancer, Stephanie", "Floto, Andres", "Franchimon, Francesco", "Haworth, Charles", "Hogeling, Jaap", "Isaxon, Christina", "Jimenez, Jose L", "Kurnitski, Jarek", "Li, Yuguo", "Loomans, Marcel", "Marks, Guy", "Marr, Linsey C", "Mazzarella, Livio", "Melikov, Arsen Krikor", "Miller, Shelly", "Milton, Donald K", "Nazaroff, William", "Nielsen, Peter V", "Noakes, Catherine", "Peccia, Jordan", "Querol, Xavier", "Sekhar, Chandra", "Seppanen, Olli", "Tanabe, Shin-Ichi", "Tellier, Raymond", "Tham, Kwok Wai", "Wargocki, Pawel", "Wierzbicka, Aneta", "Yao, Maosheng"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521345", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the rapid rise in COVID-19 illnesses and deaths globally, and notwithstanding recommended precautions, questions are voiced about routes of transmission for this pandemic disease. Inhaling small airborne droplets is probable as a third route of infection, in addition to more widely recognized transmission via larger respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected people or contaminated surfaces. While uncertainties remain regarding the relative contributions of the different transmission pathways, we argue that existing evidence is sufficiently strong to warrant engineering controls targeting airborne transmission as part of an overall strategy to limit infection risk indoors. Appropriate building engineering controls include sufficient and effective ventilation, possibly enhanced by particle filtration and air disinfection, avoiding air recirculation and avoiding overcrowding. Often, such measures can be easily implemented and without much cost, but if only they are recognised as significant in contributing to infection control goals. We believe that the use of engineering controls in public buildings, including hospitals, shops, offices, schools, kindergartens, libraries, restaurants, cruise ships, elevators, conference rooms or public transport, in parallel with effective application of other controls (including isolation and quarantine, social distancing and hand hygiene), would be an additional important measure globally to reduce the likelihood of transmission and thereby protect healthcare workers, patients and the general public."}, {"pmid": 32322400, "pmcid": "PMC7171182", "title": "Epidemiology, genome, and clinical features of the pandemic SARS-CoV-2: a recent view.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Abduljalil, J M", "Abduljalil, B M"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322400", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, the number of globally confirmed cases according to World Health Organization statistics reached 292\u00a0124 in 189 countries by 22 March 2020. The number of deaths reached 12\u00a0784, with estimated case-fatality rates ranging from 0.5% to 5.7%. Children population seems to be the least affected by the disease, while the highest rate of death is among the elderly and people with comorbidities. Most infected individuals are asymptomatic or only exhibit mild symptoms. After the incubation period, the most common symptoms are fever, cough and fatigue. Asymptomatic carrier state is of paramount importance because of carriers' ability to spread the infection and to shed the virus into the air and surroundings. Although much is still unknown about SARS-CoV-2, the scientific research is moving at an unprecedented pace towards understanding the nature, effective control, prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Various reports have suggested an in\u00a0vivo evolution of the virus, which may explain the rapid spread and changing epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, but further evidence is needed. Unfortunately, no effective treatment or therapeutic drug is available for the disease; only supportive treatment and classical intervention measures are available for confronting the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32416766, "pmcid": "PMC7255203", "title": "An appeal for practical social justice in the COVID-19 global response in low-income and middle-income countries.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Kelley, Maureen", "Ferrand, Rashida A", "Muraya, Kui", "Chigudu, Simukai", "Molyneux, Sassy", "Pai, Madhukar", "Barasa, Edwine"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433289, "pmcid": "PMC7268835", "title": "Cancer Surgery During COVID-19: How We Move Forward.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Eng, Oliver S", "Pawlik, Timothy M", "Ejaz, Aslam"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433289", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463285, "title": "Shattered social identity and moral injuries: Work-related conditions in health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Kroger, Christoph"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463285", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present article assesses the effects of shattered social identity and moral injuries experienced by health care professionals (HCPs) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Professional expertise and emotional-cognitive demands as key aspects of HCPs' social identity are introduced, and the effects of moral injuries-in terms of violation of medical-ethical and social-ethical norms-on the mental health of HCPs are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32442529, "pmcid": "PMC7237172", "title": "Electron microscopy of SARS-CoV-2: a challenging task.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Goldsmith, Cynthia S", "Miller, Sara E", "Martines, Roosecelis B", "Bullock, Hannah A", "Zaki, Sherif R"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442529", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349935, "pmcid": "PMC7172651", "title": "Corticosteroids for Urological Cancer Care During Coronavirus Disease 2019. Treat or Not to Treat?", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Waterhouse, Jasmin V", "Hull, James H", "Linch, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349935", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current World Health Organization guidance is not to start corticosteroids, but there is no robust evidence of risk in patients with cancer and coronavirus disease 2019. A risk-benefit analysis should be performed for each patient on the use of steroids in cancer care."}, {"pmid": 32226286, "pmcid": "PMC7098031", "title": "Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Ye, Zi-Wei", "Yuan, Shuofeng", "Yuen, Kit-San", "Fung, Sin-Yee", "Chan, Chi-Ping", "Jin, Dong-Yan"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226286", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mutation and adaptation have driven the co-evolution of coronaviruses (CoVs) and their hosts, including human beings, for thousands of years. Before 2003, two human CoVs (HCoVs) were known to cause mild illness, such as common cold. The outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) have flipped the coin to reveal how devastating and life-threatening an HCoV infection could be. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in central China at the end of 2019 has thrusted CoVs into the spotlight again and surprised us with its high transmissibility but reduced pathogenicity compared to its sister SARS-CoV. HCoV infection is a zoonosis and understanding the zoonotic origins of HCoVs would serve us well. Most HCoVs originated from bats where they are non-pathogenic. The intermediate reservoir hosts of some HCoVs are also known. Identifying the animal hosts has direct implications in the prevention of human diseases. Investigating CoV-host interactions in animals might also derive important insight on CoV pathogenesis in humans. In this review, we present an overview of the existing knowledge about the seven HCoVs, with a focus on the history of their discovery as well as their zoonotic origins and interspecies transmission. Importantly, we compare and contrast the different HCoVs from a perspective of virus evolution and genome recombination. The current CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is discussed in this context. In addition, the requirements for successful host switches and the implications of virus evolution on disease severity are also highlighted."}, {"pmid": 32526460, "title": "A large number of COVID-19 interventional clinical trials were registered soon after the pandemic onset: a descriptive analysis.", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Nasrallah, Ali A", "Farran, Sarah H", "Nasrallah, Zainab A", "Chahrour, Mohamad A", "Salhab, Hamza A", "Fares, Mohammad Y", "Khachfe, Hussein H", "Akl, Elie A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526460", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a pressing need for evidence-based interventions to address the devastating clinical and public health effects of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The number of registered trials related to COVID-19 is increasing by the day. To describe the characteristics of the currently registered clinical trials related to COVID-19. We searched the World Health Organization (WHO)'s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) on May 15, 2020. We included any entry that is related to COVID-19. We abstracted then descriptively analyzed the following characteristics of the registered trials: study design, status, phase, primary endpoints, experimental interventions, and geographic location among other qualifiers. We identified 1,308 eligible registered trials. The majority of trials were initially registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (n= 703; 53.7%) and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (n= 291; 22.2%). The number of participants to be enrolled across these trials was 734,657, with a median of 110 participants per trial. The most-commonly studied intervention category was pharmacologic (n=763; 58.3%), with antiparasitic medications being the most common subcategory. While over half of trials were already recruiting, we identified published peer-reviewed results for only 8 of those trials. There is a relatively large number of registered trials but very few results published so far. While our findings suggest an appropriate initial response by the research community, the real challenge will be to get these trials completed, published, and translated into practice and policy."}, {"pmid": 32155302, "pmcid": "PMC7166833", "title": "COVID-19: Emerging compassion, courage and resilience in the face of misinformation and adversity.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Smith, Graeme D", "Ng, Fowie", "Ho Cheung Li, William"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32155302", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377594, "pmcid": "PMC7201238", "title": "Haemorrhagic conjunctivitis with pseudomembranous related to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep", "authors": ["Navel, Valentin", "Chiambaretta, Frederic", "Dutheil, Frederic"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377594", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the multiplicity of ocular manifestations of COVID-19 patients, we report a case of pseudomembranous and hemorrhagic conjunctivitis related with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in a patient of intensive care unit (ICU). A 63-year-old male was admitted in intensive care unit (ICU), seven days after the beginning of an influenza-like symptoms, to manage an acute respiratory syndrome related with SARS-CoV-2. Chest scan showed interstitial pneumonia with \"crazy paving\" patterns. At day 19, ocular examination at the patient's bed described petechias and tarsal hemorrhages, mucous filaments and tarsal pseudomembranous. Conjunctival scrapings and swabs did not identify any bacteria or virus. To our knowledge, we described the first case of pseudomembranous conjunctivitis in a COVID-19 patient. Considering that SARS-CoV-2 is present in tears and conjunctival secretions, external ocular infections could be factors of infectious spreading. Physicians should be aware of late (>2 weeks) ocular complications in COVID-19 patients to prevent sequelae."}, {"pmid": 32391658, "title": "[Management of COVID-19: the Zhejiang experience].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Xu, Kaijin", "Cai, Hongliu", "Shen, Yihong", "Ni, Qin", "Chen, Yu", "Hu, Shaohua", "Li, Jianping", "Wang, Huafen", "Yu, Liang", "Huang, He", "Qiu, Yunqing", "Wei, Guoqing", "Fang, Qiang", "Zhou, Jianying", "Sheng, Jifang", "Liang, Tingbo", "Li, Lanjuan"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391658", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current epidemic situation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) still remained severe. As the National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine is the primary medical care center for COVID-19 in Zhejiang province. Based on the present expert consensus carried out by National Health Commission and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, our team summarized and established an effective treatment strategy centered on \"Four-Anti and Two-Balance\" for clinical practice. The \"Four-Anti and Two-Balance\" strategy included antivirus, anti-shock, anti-hyoxemia, anti-secondary infection, and maintaining of water, electrolyte and acid base balance and microecological balance. Meanwhile, integrated multidisciplinary personalized treatment was recommended to improve therapeutic effect. The importance of early viralogical detection, dynamic monitoring of inflammatory indexes and chest radiograph was emphasized in clinical decision-making. Sputum was observed with the highest positive rate of RT-PCR results. Viral nucleic acids could be detected in 10%patients' blood samples at acute period and 50%of patients had positive RT-PCR results in their feces. We also isolated alive viral strains from feces, indicating potential infectiousness of feces.Dynamic cytokine detection was necessary to timely identifying cytokine storms and application of artificial liver blood purification system. The \"Four-Anti and Two-Balance\" strategy effectively increased cure rate and reduced mortality. Early antiviral treatment could alleviate disease severity and prevent illness progression, and we found lopinavir/ritonavir combined with abidol showed antiviral effects in COVID-19. Shock and hypoxemia were usually caused by cytokine storms. The artificial liver blood purification system could rapidly remove inflammatory mediators and block cytokine storm.Moreover, it also favored the balance of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base and thus improved treatment efficacy in critical illness. For cases of severe illness, early and also short period of moderate glucocorticoid was supported. Patients with oxygenation index below 200 mmHg should be transferred to intensive medical center. Conservative oxygen therapy was preferred and noninvasive ventilation was not recommended. Patients with mechanical ventilation should be strictly supervised with cluster ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention strategies. Antimicrobial prophylaxis was not recommended except for patients with long course of disease, repeated fever and elevated procalcitonin (PCT), meanwhile secondary fungal infection should be concerned.Some patients with COVID-19 showed intestinal microbial dysbiosis with decreased probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, so nutritional and gastrointestinal function should be assessed for all patients.Nutritional support and application of prebiotics or probiotics were suggested to regulate the balance of intestinal microbiota and reduce the risk of secondary infection due to bacterial translocation. Anxiety and fear were common in patients with COVID-19. Therefore,we established dynamic assessment and warning for psychological crisis. We also integrated Chinese medicine in treatment to promote disease rehabilitation through classification methods of traditional Chinese medicine. We optimized nursing process for severe patients to promote their rehabilitation. It remained unclear about viral clearance pattern after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Therefore, two weeks' quarantine for discharged patients was required and a regular following up was also needed.The Zhejiang experience and suggestions have been implemented in our center and achieved good results. However, since COVID-19 was a newly emerging disease, more work was warranted to improve strategies of prevention, diagnosis and treatment for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32527808, "title": "Coronavirus rips through Dutch mink farms, triggering culls.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Enserink, Martin"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527808", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232648, "pmcid": "PMC7105967", "title": "Diagnostic performance of chest CT to differentiate COVID-19 pneumonia in non-high-epidemic area in Japan.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Himoto, Yuki", "Sakata, Akihiko", "Kirita, Mitsuhiro", "Hiroi, Takashi", "Kobayashi, Ken-Ichiro", "Kubo, Kenji", "Kim, Hyunjin", "Nishimoto, Azusa", "Maeda, Chikara", "Kawamura, Akira", "Komiya, Nobuhiro", "Umeoka, Shigeaki"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232648", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the diagnostic performance of chest CT to differentiate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in non-high-epidemic area in Japan. This retrospective study included 21 patients clinically suspected COVID-19 pneumonia and underwent chest CT more than 3\u00a0days after the symptom onset: six patients confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 15 patients proved uninfected. Using a Likert scale and its receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, two radiologists (R1/R2) evaluated the diagnostic performance of the five CT criteria: (1) ground glass opacity (GGO)-predominant lesions, (2) GGO- and peripheral-predominant lesions, (3) bilateral GGO-predominant lesions; (4) bilateral GGO- and peripheral-predominant lesions, and (5) bilateral GGO- and peripheral-predominant lesions without nodules, airway abnormalities, pleural effusion, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. All patients confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia had bilateral GGO- and peripheral-predominant lesions without airway abnormalities, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and pleural effusion. The five CT criteria showed moderate to excellent diagnostic performance with area under the curves (AUCs) ranging 0.77-0.88 for R1 and 0.78-0.92 for R2. The criterion (e) showed the highest AUC. Chest CT would play a supplemental role to differentiate COVID-19 pneumonia from other respiratory diseases presenting with similar symptoms in a clinical setting."}, {"pmid": 32388417, "pmcid": "PMC7194577", "title": "Role of electronic media in mitigating the psychological impacts of novel coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Bilal", "Latif, Faiza", "Bashir, Muhammad Farhan", "Komal, Bushra", "Tan, Duojiao"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388417", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current research initiative focuses on the role of Pakistani media in eliminating panic and depression among health practitioners and the general public due to the outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19). In Pakistan, electronic media is the most common source of information due to the higher rural population and the lower literacy rate and media's handling of COVID-19 coverage so far creates panic and depression. We suggest that special televised transmissions featuring psychologists and physiatrists should be aired to reduce the panic. Media also mitigates the stress of frontline medical staff by paying special attributes to them."}, {"pmid": 32237249, "title": "Quarantined.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Lee, Moon O"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237249", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438941, "title": "South Korea's COVID-19 Infection Status: from the Perspective of Re-Positive after Viral Clearance by Negative Testing.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Kang, Yun Jung"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438941", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 started to occur in South Korea via inflow of the virus from abroad, when a case from Wuhan, China, was first confirmed on January 19th, 2020. Although South Korea has drastically reduced the number of new confirmed cases and is stabilizing the situation with its exemplary disease prevention policies, there remains a problem. These are cases which had shown negative results to PCR (gene amplification) tests as the COVID-19 virus had been removed but turned re-positive after a short period. The Central Clinical Committee analyzed that these re-positive cases after the COVID-19 viral clearance are due to the limits of the test method; it is considered that the genetic material of the 'dead virus' remaining in the cured patients' body is amplified during the test process. Comprehending the above evidence, re-positive casescase of COVID-19 isare not infectious; the virus is not even reactivated. However, further research is required as we lack research results on this subject. Until we can be sure, social distancing and other such policies should be maintained."}, {"pmid": 32368629, "pmcid": "PMC7196380", "title": "Emergency Medical Services resource capacity and competency amid COVID-19 in the United States: Preliminary findings from a national survey.", "journal": "Heliyon", "authors": ["Gibson, Cody V", "Ventura, Christian A", "Collier, George D"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368629", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to investigate available resources, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) availability, sanitation practices, institutional policies, and opinions among EMS professionals in the United States amid the COVID-19 pandemic using a self-report survey questionnaire. An online 42-question multiple choice survey was randomly distributed between April 1, 2020, and April 16, 2020 to various active Emergency Medical Services (EMS) paid personnel in all 50 U.S. states including the District of Columbia (n=192). We approximate a 95% confidence interval (\u00b1 0.07). An overwhelming number of EMS providers report having limited access to N95 respirators, receiving little or no benefits from COVID-19 related work, and report no institutional policy on social distancing practices despite CDC recommendations. For providers who do have access to N95 respirators, 31% report having to use the same mask for 1 week or longer. Approximately \u2153 of the surveyed participants were unsure of when a COVID-19 patient is infectious. The data suggests regular decontamination of EMS equipment after each patient contact is not a regular practice. Current practices to educate EMS providers on appropriate response to the novel coronavirus may not be sufficient, and future patients may benefit from a nationally established COVID-19 EMS response protocol. Further investigation on whether current EMS practices are contributing to the spread of infection is warranted. The data reveals concerning deficits in COVID-19 related education and administrative protocols which pose as a serious public health concern that should be urgently addressed."}, {"pmid": 32469164, "title": "Clinical recommendations on lung cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Thorac Cancer", "authors": ["Xu, Yan", "Liu, Hongsheng", "Hu, Ke", "Wang, Mengzhao"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469164", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading worldwide, and has been declared as an international public health concern. Patients with lung cancer are highly susceptible to infection compared to healthy individuals because of systemic immunosuppression induced by malignancy and anticancer therapy. Furthermore, patients with cancer demonstrate poorer outcomes following infection. Hence, patients with lung cancer should be considered a priority group for COVID-19 prevention. Furthermore, the routine treatment of patients with cancer has been affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, and patients may not have been able to undergo timely and effective antitumor treatment, thereby indicating a poor prognosis. Here, we provide some suggestions for early identification of COVID-19 and differential diagnosis in patients with lung cancer who have fever and respiratory symptoms. Our medical team also provide clinical recommendations on lung cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic, for carrying out meticulous and individualized clinical management of lung cancer patients and maximum protection to effectively prevent COVID-19. KEY POINTS: Significant findings of the study This article provides suggestions for early identification of COVID-19 and differential diagnosis in patients with lung cancer with fever and respiratory symptoms. What this study adds This article makes clinical recommendations on lung cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32192295, "title": "[Several suggestions of operation for colorectal cancer under the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yu, G Y", "Lou, Z", "Zhang, W"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192295", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumonia caused by 2019-nCoV infection has been reported in Wuhan since December 2019, and spread rapidly across the country. The radical operation of colorectal cancer is semi-elective operation. Patients with colorectal cancer should receive operation as soon as possible after elective operation is resumed in each hospital. 2019-nCoV virus can be transmitted by asymptomatic infectors, and it has been confirmed to be transmitted by droplets and contact. However, fecal-oral transmission and aerosol transmission have not been excluded. Based on our experience with laparoscopic colorectal operation, we propose some surgery strategies for colorectal cancer patients under the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) situation: the screening process should be strictly carried out before surgery to reduce the risk of nosocomial infection in the later stage; laparoscopic-assisted surgery is recommended for radical surgery for patients with colorectal cancer; strict aerosol management must be made during the operation; natural orifice specimen extraction surgery and transanal total mesorectal excision are should be performed prudently; scientific and reasonable prophylactic stoma should be done; personnel protection in surgical ward and operation room must be strengthened."}, {"pmid": 32448344, "pmcid": "PMC7245881", "title": "Effect of flow and cannula size on generated pressure during nasal high flow.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Pinkham, Maximilian", "Tatkov, Stanislav"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448344", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489696, "pmcid": "PMC7220282", "title": "Whole-lung Low Dose Irradiation for SARS-Cov2 Induced Pneumonia in the Geriatric Population: An Old Effective Treatment for a New Disease? Recommendation of the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group.", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Lara, Pedro C", "Nguyen, Nam P", "Macias-Verde, David", "Burgos-Burgos, Javier", "Arenas, Meritxell", "Zamagni, Alice", "Vinh-Hung, Vincent", "Baumert, Brigitta G", "Motta, Micaela", "Myint, Arthur Sun", "Bonet, Marta", "Popescu, Tiberiu", "Vuong, Te", "Appalanaido, Gokula Kumar", "Trigo, Lurdes", "Karlsson, Ulf", "Thariat, Juliette"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489696", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cytokine storm induced by SARS-Cov2 may produce pneumonitis which may be fatal for older patients with underlying lung disease. Hyper-elevation of Interleukin1 (IL-1), Tumor necrosis factor-1alfa (TNF-1 alfa), and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) produced by inflammatory macrophage M1 may damage the lung alveoli leading to severe pneumonitis, decreased oxygenation, and potential death despite artificial ventilation. Older patients may not be suitable candidates for pharmaceutical intervention targeting IL-1/6 blockade or artificial ventilation. Low dose total lung (LDTL) irradiation at a single dose of 50 cGy may stop this cytokine cascade, thus preventing, and/or reversing normal organs damage. This therapy has been proven in the past to be effective against pneumonitis of diverse etiology and could be used to prevent death of older infected patients. Thus, LDRT radiotherapy may be a cost-effective treatment for this frail patient population whom radiation -induced malignancy is not a concern because of their advanced age. This hypothesis should be tested in future prospective trials."}, {"pmid": 32217754, "title": "Covid-19: What is the UK's testing strategy?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217754", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433286, "pmcid": "PMC7268885", "title": "In Situ Simulation Enables Operating Room Agility in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Muret-Wagstaff, Sharon L", "Collins, Jeremy S", "Mashman, Darlene L", "Patel, Snehal G", "Pettorini, Kate", "Rosen, Seth A", "Shaffer, Virginia O", "Sumler, Michele L", "Sweeney, John F", "Sharma, Jyotimay"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433286", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515377, "title": "Clinical tools for cardiorespiratory assessment and rehabilitation: A primary care perspective.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Kalra, Arnav"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515377", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people worldwide. It mainly affects the respiratory system, seen as pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cardiovascular manifestations have been observed in some patients. Hence, cardiorespiratory assessment is an important component of diagnosis, management and follow-up of this disease. Primary care is the first point of contact with the healthcare system for most patients. Therefore, methods for assessment and rehabilitation should be feasible in a primary care setting. This commentary aims to provide a primary care perspective on existing clinical tools for cardiorespiratory assessment and rehabilitation."}, {"pmid": 32167181, "pmcid": "PMC7228360", "title": "Initial clinical features of suspected coronavirus disease 2019 in two emergency departments outside of Hubei, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhu, Wanbo", "Xie, Kai", "Lu, Hui", "Xu, Lei", "Zhou, Shusheng", "Fang, Shiyuan"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167181", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With an increasing number of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases outside of Hubei, emergency departments (EDs) and fever clinics are facing challenges posed by the large number of admissions of patients suspected to have COVID-19. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to study the initial clinical features of patients, to better differentiate between infected and uninfected patients outside Hubei. A total of 116 patients suspected of having COVID-19 who presented to two emergency departments in Anhui for the first time between 24 January 2020 and 20 February 2020 were enrolled in the study. The initial clinical data of these patients, such as epidemiological features, symptoms, laboratory results, and chest computed tomography (CT) findings were collected using a standard case report form on admission. Thirty-two patients were diagnosed with COVID-19; the remaining 84 patients were referred to as negative cases. The median age of the diagnosed patients was 46 years, but only 35 years for negative cases. History of exposure to Wuhan or COVID-19 patients in the previous 2 weeks was observed in 63% of the diagnosed and 44% of negative cases. Median time from illness onset to ED admission was 5 days for all patients, diagnosed patients, and negative cases, respectively. Fever was observed in 27 (84%) and 57 (68%) diagnosed and negative cases, respectively. Nineteen (59%) diagnosed and 24 (29%) negative cases had lymphopenia on admission in ED. A chest CT scan on admission revealed the presence of pneumonia in the majority of the diagnosed patients (30 out of 32, 94%) and in 56 (67%) negative cases. Bilateral involvement and ground-glass opacity (GGO) were present in 91% and 47% of the diagnosed patients. Thirty-two patients were diagnosed with COVID-19; the remaining 84 patients were referred to as negative cases. The median age of the diagnosed patients was 46 years, but only 35 years for negative cases. History of exposure to Wuhan or COVID-19 patients in the previous 2 weeks was observed in 63% of the diagnosed and 44% of negative cases. Median time from illness onset to ED admission was 5 days for all patients, diagnosed patients, and negative cases, respectively. Fever was observed in 27 (84%) and 57 (68%) diagnosed and negative cases, respectively. Nineteen (59%) diagnosed and 24 (29%) negative cases had lymphopenia on admission in ED. A chest CT scan on admission revealed the presence of pneumonia in the majority of the diagnosed patients (30 out of 32, 94%) and in 56 (67%) negative cases. Bilateral involvement and GGO were present in 91% and 47% of the diagnosed patients."}, {"pmid": 32270498, "pmcid": "PMC7262248", "title": "Limited transmissibility of coronavirus (SARS-1, MERS, and SARS-2) in certain regions of Africa.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ahmed, Anwar E"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270498", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 [1], and after a few weeks, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak as a global pandemic [2]. Scientifically, the virus was named \"severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-2) coronavirus\" [3]. High-level endemic transmissions occurred in several countries, and while yet very limited, have spread in certain regions of the globe, particularly in Africa [4]. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32343999, "pmcid": "PMC7195266", "title": "A Focus on COVID-19: Fast and Accurate Information to Guide Management for Pandemic-Related Issues in Cardiac Patients.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Nattel, Stanley", "Graham, Michelle", "Krahn, Andrew"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343999", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32142886, "pmcid": "PMC7124248", "title": "Effective strategies to prevent coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in hospital.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Lee, I-K", "Wang, C-C", "Lin, M-C", "Kung, C-T", "Lan, K-C", "Lee, C-T"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142886", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366505, "title": "Covid-19 and pregnancy.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366505", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Guideline: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection in pregnancyPublished by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), with input from the Royal College of Midwives, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPH), the Royal College of Anaesthetists, and the Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association.This summary is based on version 8 of the guideline, published on 17 April 2020 (https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/2020-04-17-coronavirus-covid-19-infection-in-pregnancy.pdf)."}, {"pmid": 32516622, "title": "Protecting health workers' mental health during COVID-19.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Armitage, R", "Nellums, L B"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516622", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417305, "pmcid": "PMC7224659", "title": "The Importance of a Centralized Line Service during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Ilonzo, Nicole", "Vouyouka, Ageliki", "Han, Daniel", "Tadros, Rami", "Kim, Sung Yup", "Love, Barry", "Ting, Windsor", "Soundararajan, Krish", "Faries, Peter", "Marin, Michael", "Rao, Ajit"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417305", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220236, "pmcid": "PMC7100442", "title": "Familial cluster of COVID-19 infection from an asymptomatic.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Zhang, Jinjun", "Tian, Sijia", "Lou, Jing", "Chen, Yuguo"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220236", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441271, "title": "Novel Coronavirus Mimicking Kawasaki Disease in an Infant.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Acharyya, Bhaswati C", "Acharyya, Saumyabrata", "Das, Dhritabrata"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441271", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360119, "pmcid": "PMC7187845", "title": "COVID-19 myopericarditis: It should be kept in mind in today's conditions.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Cizgici, Ahmet Yasar", "Zencirkiran Agus, Hicaz", "Yildiz, Mustafa"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360119", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 78-year-old patient with acute respiratory distress was transferred to our hospital with ST segment elevation on electrocardiography. Coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arteries. Thorax computerized tomography showed ground glass opacification with consolidation in the lungs and mild pericardial effusion demonstrating myopericarditis associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32273603, "title": "Functionally assessing coronavirus entry.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Stower, Hannah"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273603", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398893, "pmcid": "PMC7214849", "title": "COVID-19 and the Indian farm sector: ensuring everyone's seat at the table.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Mukhopadhyay, Boidurjo Rick"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398893", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322916, "pmcid": "PMC7176313", "title": "Contribution of Interventional Radiology to the Management of COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Monfardini, Lorenzo", "Sallemi, Claudio", "Gennaro, Nicolo", "Pedicini, Vittorio", "Bna, Claudio"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322916", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392262, "pmcid": "PMC7213702", "title": "Prevalence, Severity and Mortality associated with COPD and Smoking in patients with COVID-19: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Alqahtani, Jaber S", "Oyelade, Tope", "Aldhahir, Abdulelah M", "Alghamdi, Saeed M", "Almehmadi, Mater", "Alqahtani, Abdullah S", "Quaderi, Shumonta", "Mandal, Swapna", "Hurst, John R"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392262", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an evolving infectious disease that dramatically spread all over the world in the early part of 2020. No studies have yet summarized the potential severity and mortality risks caused by COVID-19 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and we update information in smokers. We systematically searched electronic databases from inception to March 24, 2020. Data were extracted by two independent authors in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Study quality was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We synthesized a narrative from eligible studies and conducted a meta-analysis using a random-effects model to calculate pooled prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). In total, 123 abstracts were screened and 61 full-text manuscripts were reviewed. A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, which included a total of 2473 confirmed COVID-19 patients. All studies were included in the meta-analysis. The crude case fatality rate of COVID-19 was 7.4%. The pooled prevalence rates of COPD patients and smokers in COVID-19 cases were 2% (95% CI, 1%-3%) and 9% (95% CI, 4%-14%) respectively. COPD patients were at a higher risk of more severe disease (risk of severity = 63%, (22/35) compared to patients without COPD 33.4% (409/1224) [calculated RR, 1.88 (95% CI, 1.4-2.4)]. This was associated with higher mortality (60%). Our results showed that 22% (31/139) of current smokers and 46% (13/28) of ex-smokers had severe complications. The calculated RR showed that current smokers were 1.45 times more likely [95% CI: 1.03-2.04] to have severe complications compared to former and never smokers. Current smokers also had a higher mortality rate of 38.5%. Although COPD prevalence in COVID-19 cases was low in current reports, COVID-19 infection was associated with substantial severity and mortality rates in COPD. Compared to former and never smokers, current smokers were at greater risk of severe complications and higher mortality rate. Effective preventive measures are required to reduce COVID-19 risk in COPD patients and current smokers."}, {"pmid": 32234108, "pmcid": "PMC7180329", "title": "How to Surge to Face the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: Lessons Learned From Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Faccincani, Roberto", "Pascucci, Federico", "Lennquist, Sten"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234108", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is fighting against one of the worst medical emergency since the 1918 Spanish Flu. Pressure on the hospitals is tremendous. As for official data on March 14th: 8372 admitted in hospitals, 1518 in intensive care units, 1441 deaths (175 more than the day before). Unfortunately, hospitals are not prepared: even where a plan for massive influx of patients is present, it usually focuses on sudden onset disaster trauma victims (the most probable case scenario), and it has not been tested, validated, or propagated to the staff. Despite this, the All Hazards Approach for management of major incidents and disasters is still valid and the \"4S\" theory (staff, stuff, structure, systems) for surge capacity can be guidance to respond to this disaster."}, {"pmid": 32198239, "title": "EMS to stop during coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198239", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528711, "pmcid": "PMC7276792", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and shortage of personal protective equipment in Tokyo clinics.", "journal": "Acute Med Surg", "authors": ["Inaba, Mototaka", "Naito, Hiromichi", "Sakata, Taizo", "Nakao, Atsunori"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528711", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520306, "title": "Sustaining Rural Hospitals After COVID-19: The Case for Global Budgets.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Fried, Jonathan E", "Liebers, David T", "Roberts, Eric T"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520306", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32189428, "pmcid": "PMC7228237", "title": "Is nicotine exposure linked to cardiopulmonary vulnerability to COVID-19 in the general population?", "journal": "FEBS J", "authors": ["Olds, James L", "Kabbani, Nadine"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189428", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of COVID-19 has resulted in a worldwide crisis, with large populations locked down and transportation links severed. While approximately 80% of infected individuals have minimal symptoms, around 15-20% need to be hospitalized, greatly stressing global healthcare systems. As of March 10, the death rate appears to be about 3.4%, although this number is highly stratified among different populations. Here, we focus on those individuals who have been exposed to nicotine prior to their exposure to the virus. We predict that these individuals are 'primed' to be at higher risk because nicotine can directly impact the putative receptor for the virus (ACE2) and lead to deleterious signaling in lung epithelial cells."}, {"pmid": 32304645, "pmcid": "PMC7158822", "title": "Boosting the arsenal against COVID-19 through computational drug repurposing.", "journal": "Drug Discov Today", "authors": ["Ciliberto, Gennaro", "Cardone, Luca"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304645", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409314, "title": "How the Lives of Neuroradiologists and Neurosurgeons Have Been Changed by COVID-19.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Vargas, M I", "Meling, T R"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409314", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476643, "title": "Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer?", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Nachega, Jean B", "Leisegang, Rory", "Kallay, Oscar", "Mills, Edward J", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Lester, Richard T"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer?"}, {"pmid": 32328406, "pmcid": "PMC7177048", "title": "Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: Lessons from Other Coronavirus Strains.", "journal": "Infect Dis Ther", "authors": ["Padron-Regalado, Eriko"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328406", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the strain of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and its impact on global health have made imperative the development of effective and safe vaccines for this lethal strain. SARS-CoV-2 now adds to the list of coronavirus diseases that have threatened global health, along with the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) coronaviruses that emerged in 2002/2003 and 2012, respectively. As of April 2020, no vaccine is commercially available for these coronavirus strains. Nevertheless, the knowledge obtained from the vaccine development efforts for MERS and SARS can be of high value for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Here, we review the past and ongoing vaccine development efforts for clinically relevant coronavirus strains with the intention that this information helps in the development of effective and safe vaccines for COVID-19. In addition, information from naturally exposed individuals and animal models to coronavirus strains is described for the same purpose of helping into the development of effective vaccines against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32360869, "pmcid": "PMC7252138", "title": "Perspective: COVID-19, implications of nasal diseases and consequences for their management.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Jian, Li", "Yi, Wei", "Zhang, Nan", "Wen, Weiping", "Krysko, Olga", "Song, Woo-Jung", "Bachert, Claus"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360869", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451808, "pmcid": "PMC7247866", "title": "Role of biological Data Mining and Machine Learning Techniques in Detecting and Diagnosing the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Systematic Review.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Albahri, A S", "Hamid, Rula A", "Alwan, Jwan K", "Al-Qays, Z T", "Zaidan, A A", "Zaidan, B B", "Albahri, A O S", "AlAmoodi, A H", "Khlaf, Jamal Mawlood", "Almahdi, E M", "Thabet, Eman", "Hadi, Suha M", "Mohammed, K I", "Alsalem, M A", "Al-Obaidi, Jameel R", "Madhloom, H T"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451808", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of viruses that are common in many animal species, including camels, cattle, cats and bats. Animal CoVs, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, and the new virus named SARS-CoV-2, rarely infect and spread among humans. On January 30, 2020, the International Health Regulations Emergency Committee of the World Health Organisation declared the outbreak of the resulting disease from this new CoV called 'COVID-19', as a 'public health emergency of international concern'. This global pandemic has affected almost the whole planet and caused the death of more than 315,131 patients as of the date of this article. In this context, publishers, journals and researchers are urged to research different domains and stop the spread of this deadly virus. The increasing interest in developing artificial intelligence (AI) applications has addressed several medical problems. However, such applications remain insufficient given the high potential threat posed by this virus to global public health. This systematic review addresses automated AI applications based on data mining and machine learning (ML) algorithms for detecting and diagnosing COVID-19. We aimed to obtain an overview of this critical virus, address the limitations of utilising data mining and ML algorithms, and provide the health sector with the benefits of this technique. We used five databases, namely, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus and performed three sequences of search queries between 2010 and 2020. Accurate exclusion criteria and selection strategy were applied to screen the obtained 1305 articles. Only eight articles were fully evaluated and included in this review, and this number only emphasised the insufficiency of research in this important area. After analysing all included studies, the results were distributed following the year of publication and the commonly used data mining and ML algorithms. The results found in all papers were discussed to find the gaps in all reviewed papers. Characteristics, such as motivations, challenges, limitations, recommendations, case studies, and features and classes used, were analysed in detail. This study reviewed the state-of-the-art techniques for CoV prediction algorithms based on data mining and ML assessment. The reliability and acceptability of extracted information and datasets from implemented technologies in the literature were considered. Findings showed that researchers must proceed with insights they gain, focus on identifying solutions for CoV problems, and introduce new improvements. The growing emphasis on data mining and ML techniques in medical fields can provide the right environment for change and improvement."}, {"pmid": 32352637, "pmcid": "PMC7267224", "title": "Association of Obesity with Disease Severity among Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Kalligeros, Markos", "Shehadeh, Fadi", "Mylona, Evangelia K", "Benitez, Gregorio", "Beckwith, Curt G", "Chan, Philip A", "Mylonakis, Eleftherios"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352637", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to explore the potential association of obesity and other chronic diseases with severe outcomes, such as intensive care unit (ICU) admission and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study analyzed a retrospective cohort of 103 patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Demographic data, past medical history, and hospital course were collected and analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was implemented to examine associations. From February 17 to April 5, 103 consecutive patients were hospitalized with COVID-19. Among them, 44 patients (42.7%) were admitted to the ICU, and 29 (65.9%) required IMV. The prevalence of obesity was 47.5% (49 of 103). In a multivariate analysis, severe obesity (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200935 kg/m2 ) was associated with ICU admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.39, 95% CI: 1.13-25.64). Moreover, patients who required IMV were more likely to have had heart disease (aOR: 3.41, 95% CI: 1.05-11.06), obesity (BMI\u2009=\u200930-34.9 kg/m2 ; aOR: 6.85, 95% CI: 1.05-44.82), or severe obesity (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200935 kg/m2 ; aOR: 9.99, 95% CI: 1.39-71.69). In our analysis, severe obesity (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200935 kg/m2 ) was associated with ICU admission, whereas history of heart disease and obesity (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200930 kg/m2 ) were independently associated with the use of IMV. Increased vigilance and aggressive treatment of patients with obesity and COVID-19 are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32502440, "pmcid": "PMC7266608", "title": "Initiation of the Global Coalition for Radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Price, Pat", "Barney, Shandi E"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502440", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323563, "pmcid": "PMC7241059", "title": "The management of emergency spinal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.", "journal": "Bone Joint J", "authors": ["Giorgi, P D", "Villa, F", "Gallazzi, E", "Debernardi, A", "Schiro, G R", "Crisa, F M", "Talamonti, G", "D'Aliberti, G"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323563", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic caused by COVID-19 is the biggest challenge for national health systems for a century. While most medical resources are allocated to treat COVID-19 patients, several non-COVID-19 medical emergencies still need to be treated, including vertebral fractures and spinal cord compression. The aim of this paper is to report the early experience and an organizational protocol for emergency spinal surgery currently being used in a large metropolitan area by an integrated team of orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons. An organizational model is presented based on case centralization in hub hospitals and early management of surgical cases to reduce hospital stay. Data from all the patients admitted for emergency spinal surgery from the beginning of the outbreak were prospectively collected and compared to data from patients admitted for the same reason in the same time span in the previous year, and treated by the same integrated team. A total of 19 patients (11 males and eight females, with a mean age of 49.9 years (14 to 83)) were admitted either for vertebral fracture or spinal cord compression in a 19-day period, compared to the ten admitted in the previous year. No COVID-19 patients were treated. The mean time between admission and surgery was 1.7 days, significantly lower than 6.8 days the previous year (p < 0.001). The structural organization and the management protocol we describe allowed us to reduce the time to surgery and ultimately hospital stay, thereby maximizing the already stretched medical resources available. We hope that our early experience can be of value to the medical communities that will soon be in the same emergency situation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6):671-676."}, {"pmid": 32181807, "pmcid": "PMC7184349", "title": "Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of 91 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: A retrospective, multi-centre case series.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Qian, Guo-Qing", "Yang, Nai-Bin", "Ding, Feng", "Ma, Ada Hoi Yan", "Wang, Zong-Yi", "Shen, Yue-Fei", "Shi, Chun-Wei", "Lian, Xiang", "Chu, Jin-Guo", "Chen, Lei", "Wang, Zhi-Yu", "Ren, Da-Wei", "Li, Guo-Xiang", "Chen, Xue-Qin", "Shen, Hua-Jiang", "Chen, Xiao-Min"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181807", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent studies have focused initial clinical and Epidemiologic characteristics on the COVID-19, mainly revealing situation in Wuhan, Hubei. To reveal more data on the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients outside of Wuhan, in Zhejiang, China. Retrospective case series. 88 cases of laboratory-confirmed and 3 cases of clinical-confirmed COVID-19 were admitted to five hospitals in Zhejiang province, China. Data were collected from 20 January 2020 to 11 February 2020. Of all 91 patients, 88 (96.70%) were laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with throat swab samples that tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 while 3 (3.30%) were clinical-diagnosed COVID-19 cases. The median age of the patients was 50 (36.5-57) years, and female accounted for 59.34%. In this sample 40 (43.96%) patients had contracted the diseases from local cases, 31 (34.07%) patients had been to Wuhan/Hubei, 8 (8.79%) cases had contacted with people from Wuhan, 11 (12.09%) cases were confirmed aircraft transmission. In particular within the city of Ningbo, 60.52% cases can be traced back to an event held in a temple. The most common symptoms were fever (71.43%), cough (60.44%) and fatigue (43.96%). The median of incubation period was 6 (IQR, 3-8) days and the median time from first visit to a doctor to confirmed diagnosis was 1 (1-2) days. According to the Chest computed tomography scans, 67.03% cases had bilateral pneumonia. Social activity cluster, family cluster and travel by airplane were how COVID-19 patients get transmitted and could be rapidly diagnosed COVID-19 in Zhejiang."}, {"pmid": 32519281, "title": "Does Adding of Hydroxychloroquine to the Standard Care Provide any Benefit in Reducing the Mortality among COVID-19 Patients?: a Systematic Review.", "journal": "J Neuroimmune Pharmacol", "authors": ["Patel, Tejas K", "Barvaliya, Manish", "Kevadiya, Bhavesh D", "Patel, Parvati B", "Bhalla, Hira Lal"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519281", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine has been promoted for its use in treatment of COVID-19 patients based on in-vitro evidences. We searched the databases to include randomized and observational studies evaluating the effect of Hydroxychloroquine on mortality in COVID-19 patients. The outcome was summarized as odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).We used the inverse-variance method with a random effect model and assessed the heterogeneity using I2 test. We used ROBINS-I tool to assess methodological quality of the included studies. We performed the meta-analysis using 'Review manager software version 5.3'. We identified 6 observationalstudies satisfying the selection criteria. In all studies, Hydroxychloroquine was given as add on to the standard care and effect was compared with the standard care alone. A pooled analysis observed 251 deaths in 1331 participants of the Hydroxychloroquine arm and 363 deaths in 1577 participants of the control arm. There was no difference in odds of mortality events amongst Hydroxychloroquine and supportive care arm [1.25 (95% CI: 0.65, 2.38); I2\u00a0=\u200980%]. A similar trend was observed with moderate risk of bias studies [0.95 (95% CI: 0.44, 2.06); I2\u00a0=\u200985%]. The odds of mortality were significantly higher in patients treated with Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin than supportive care alone [2.34 (95% CI: 1.63, 3.34); I2\u00a0=\u20090%]. A pooled analysis of recently published studies suggests no additional benefit for reducing mortality in COVID-19 patients when Hydroxychloroquine is given as add-on to the standard care. Graphical Abstract."}, {"pmid": 32372736, "pmcid": "PMC7231662", "title": "Wearing face masks regardless of symptoms is crucial for preventing the spread of COVID-19 in hospitals.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Lee, Joon Kee", "Jeong, Hye Won"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372736", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402464, "pmcid": "PMC7199673", "title": "Response to the commentary by Alexandra A. Chudnovsky on 'Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality'.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ogen, Yaron"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402464", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278727, "pmcid": "PMC7195046", "title": "Ethical Rationing of Personal Protective Equipment to Minimize Moral Residue During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Binkley, Charles E", "Kemp, David S"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278727", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article proposes systems for the fair distribution of scarce resources to healthcare providers. It builds on classic ethical structures and adapts them to the equitable distribution of personal protective equipment (PPE) to clinicians at risk of contracting novel corona virus-19 (COVID-19). The article also defines systems of allocation that are generally considered unethical and are to be avoided. We emphasize that policies must be transparent, collaborative, applied equally, and have a system of accountability. It is recognized that unless the supply of PPE is quickly replenished, or viable alternatives to traditional equipment are devised in the coming days to weeks, hospitals and healthcare systems will face the difficult task of rationing PPE to at-risk clinicians. This paper suggests an ethical framework for that process."}, {"pmid": 32328724, "pmcid": "PMC7176814", "title": "15-day mortality and associated risk factors for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: an ambispective observational cohort study.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Wang, Ke", "Zhang, Zhiguo", "Yu, Muqing", "Tao, Yu", "Xie, Min"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328724", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367767, "pmcid": "PMC7256353", "title": "Potential inhibitors of coronavirus 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL(pro)): an in silico screening of alkaloids and terpenoids from African medicinal plants.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Gyebi, Gideon A", "Ogunro, Olalekan B", "Adegunloye, Adegbenro P", "Ogunyemi, Oludare M", "Afolabi, Saheed O"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367767", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-COV-2 has raised myriad of global concerns. There is currently no FDA approved antiviral strategy to alleviate the disease burden. The conserved 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), which controls coronavirus replication is a promising drug target for combating the coronavirus infection. This study screens some African plants derived alkaloids and terpenoids as potential inhibitors of coronavirus 3CLpro using in silico approach. Bioactive alkaloids (62) and terpenoids (100) of plants native to Africa were docked to the 3CLpro of the novel SARS-CoV-2. The top twenty alkaloids and terpenoids with high binding affinities to the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro were further docked to the 3CLpro of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The docking scores were compared with 3CLpro-referenced inhibitors (Lopinavir and Ritonavir). The top docked compounds were further subjected to ADEM/Tox and Lipinski filtering analyses for drug-likeness prediction analysis. This ligand-protein interaction study revealed that more than half of the top twenty alkaloids and terpenoids interacted favourably with the coronaviruses 3CLpro, and had binding affinities that surpassed that of lopinavir and ritonavir. Also, a highly defined hit-list of seven compounds (10-Hydroxyusambarensine, Cryptoquindoline, 6-Oxoisoiguesterin, 22-Hydroxyhopan-3-one, Cryptospirolepine, Isoiguesterin and 20-Epibryonolic acid) were identified. Furthermore, four non-toxic, druggable plant derived alkaloids (10-Hydroxyusambarensine, and Cryptoquindoline) and terpenoids (6-Oxoisoiguesterin and 22-Hydroxyhopan-3-one), that bind to the receptor-binding site and catalytic dyad of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro were identified from the predictive ADME/tox and Lipinski filter analysis. However, further experimental analyses are required for developing these possible leads into natural anti-COVID-19 therapeutic agents for combating the pandemic.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32412510, "title": "Neurological manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Gac Med Mex", "authors": ["Jimenez-Ruiz, Amado", "Garcia-Grimshaw, Miguel", "Ruiz-Sandoval, Jose L"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412510", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in China, has spread rapidly to affect the entire world in a matter of months. Main manifestations of the disease include a febrile syndrome accompanied by respiratory symptoms; however, cases of systemic involvement are increasingly being reported, including cardiac and central nervous system compromise. In the series by Ling M. et al., 214 patients with COVID-19 were studied; 78 (36.4 %) had neurologic manifestations, which were classified into four main groups: acute cerebrovascular disease, impaired consciousness, peripheral nervous system involvement and muscular manifestations. Another report published by Li et al. describes that, out of 221 patients with COVID-19, 13 developed acute cerebrovascular disease with cerebral infarction, venous thrombosis and intracerebral hemorrhage."}, {"pmid": 32518390, "title": "Editorial: Nutrition and COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Soares, Mario J", "Muller, Manfred J"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518390", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431119, "title": "[THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON MENTAL HEALTH - LITERATURE REVIEW].", "journal": "Harefuah", "authors": ["Shelef, Leah", "Zalsman, Gil"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431119", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of epidemics resulting in many deaths has been known since the dawn of civilization, for example, the typhus and smallpox epidemics and the plague. Early in the previous century there was an outbreak of the Spanish Flue and towards the end of the 60's, the AIDS epidemic (HIV). Since the start of the current century, several epidemics broke out and spread to various places around the world, for instance, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), the Avian Influenza and the Swine Influenza. In 2014 there was an outbreak of Ebola (Ebola virus disease) and in 2015 the Zika virus emerged and there were more. Epidemics cause havoc and impact all areas of life. Each epidemic takes an unfathomable price in lives. It is estimated, for example, that the AIDS epidemic took the lives of some 30 million people. The Corona virus (Covid-19) broke out in China, towards the end of 2019 and spread to most parts of the world. The implications of the outbreak are similar in many countries, among others, due to the uncertainty regarding the way the virus spreads, the appropriate treatment, the lack of vaccination and the high rate of deaths. Naturally, at such times physical protection is a top priority. However, coping with the implications to people's mental health is no less important and these may result in long-term negative impacts."}, {"pmid": 32376170, "pmcid": "PMC7175890", "title": "Resource Reallocation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Suburban Hospital System: Implications for Outpatient Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Meneghini, R Michael"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376170", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID pandemic of 2020 has emerged as a global threat to patients, health care providers, and to the global economy. Owing to this particular novel and highly infectious strain of coronavirus, the rapid community spread and clinical severity of the subsequent respiratory syndrome created a substantial strain on hospitals and health care systems around the world. The rapid surge of patients presenting over a small period for emergent clinical care, admission to the hospital, and intensive care units with many requiring mechanically assisted ventilators for respiratory support demonstrated the potential to overwhelm health care workers, hospitals, and health care systems. The purpose of this article is to describe an effective system for redeployment of health care supplies, resources, and personnel to hospitals within a suburban academic hospital system to optimize the care of COVID patients, while treating orthopedic patients in an equally ideal setting to maximize their surgical and clinical care. This article will provide a particular focus on the current and future role of a specialty hip and knee hospital and its partnering ambulatory surgery center in the context of an outpatient arthroplasty program."}, {"pmid": 32189136, "pmcid": "PMC7080931", "title": "Lower mortality of COVID-19 by early recognition and intervention: experience from Jiangsu Province.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Sun, Qin", "Qiu, Haibo", "Huang, Mao", "Yang, Yi"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189136", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365466, "title": "The Human Coronavirus Disease COVID-19: Its Origin, Characteristics, and Insights into Potential Drugs and Its Mechanisms.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Alanagreh, Lo'ai", "Alzoughool, Foad", "Atoum, Manar"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365466", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging coronavirus disease (COVID-19) swept across the world, affecting more than 200 countries and territories. Genomic analysis suggests that the COVID-19 virus originated in bats and transmitted to humans through unknown intermediate hosts in the Wuhan seafood market, China, in December of 2019. This virus belongs to the Betacoronavirus group, the same group of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and for the similarity, it was named SARS-CoV-2. Given the lack of registered clinical therapies or vaccines, many physicians and scientists are investigating previously used clinical drugs for COVID-19 treatment. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the CoVs origin, pathogenicity, and genomic structure, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2. Besides, we summarize the recently investigated drugs that constitute an option for COVID-19 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32433300, "pmcid": "PMC7268852", "title": "Domestic Violence and Safe Storage of Firearms in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Duncan, Thomas K", "Weaver, Jessica L", "Zakrison, Tanya L", "Joseph, Bellal", "Campbell, Brendan T", "Christmas, A Britton", "Stewart, Ronald M", "Kuhls, Deborah A", "Bulger, Eileen M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433300", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332021, "title": "Covid-19: decisive action is the hallmark of South Africa's early success against coronavirus.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wadvalla, Bibi-Aisha"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332021", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530790, "title": "Ellen Grass Lecture: Wellness for Allied Healthcare Professionals in the Age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurodiagn J", "authors": ["Hall, Ara S"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530790", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247584, "pmcid": "PMC7118640", "title": "The importance of designing and implementing participatory surveillance system: An approach as early detection and prevention of novel coronavirus (2019-nCov).", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad", "Janati, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247584", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275261, "title": "COVID-19: Hygiene and Public Health to the front.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Signorelli, Carlo", "Fara, Gaetano Maria"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275261", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public Health professionals and academics have been on the frontline of Italian history during the COVID-19 response like they never did before. Ancient professors of Hygiene such as Celli, Pagliani, Sclavo, Petragnani, Seppilli and Giovanardi flanked politicians in other critical moments. They helped them to manage healthcare reforms, earthquakes response, Seveso Dioxin disaster, cholera and poliomielitis epidemics and other health threats. \u00a0 The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic has highlighted the paramount importance of the practical application of basic concepts of public health, which were considered so far became obsolete, such as personal hygiene, quarantine, individual protective devices or basic epidemiological measures. Hygiene and Public Health used to have a targeted audience in professionals and lecturers. Nowadays, these topics are critical and of concern of a much larger audience. Public Health women and men are now asked to act in task forces, media broadcasts, webinars and consulting activities. \u00a0 In phase 2 of this epidemic - which is about to begin when this volume is to be published - the role of Public Health professionals could become even more relevant. However, this unexpected season must be managed with seriousness and intelligence, capitalizing it also for the future. If our Post-Graduate Schools of Public Health (\"Igiene e Medicina Preventiva\"), our scientific associations, our academic lecturers and our officers do not prove to be up to the situation, a dull future for the discipline might very well be. On the contrary, if as we all hope, we will be able to ride the wave of a dramatic health crisis, transforming it into a relevant scientific and professional opportunity, then we will be able to build on the post-COVID-19 a cutting-edge, a more attractive, relevant and modern discipline. This Supplement of Acta Biomedica, planned before the onset of the epidemic emergency in Italy, but already successful in presenting two papers on COVID-19, is further proof of how current and lively our discipline is."}, {"pmid": 32519895, "title": "Is targeting Akt a viable option to treat advanced-stage COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Somanath, Payaningal R"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519895", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One of the primary reasons for high mortality in the advanced stage coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients is the uncontrolled inflammation in the lungs leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Controlling the pathological inflammation in the ARDS lungs without compromising the immune system's fight against the virus is indeed a daunting task. In this situation, an appropriate therapeutic target would be the one that will not only reverse the damaging inflammation and promote resolution but also helps to check the root cause of the virus infection. Akt is a potential therapeutic target for the advanced stage COVID-19 patients; its inhibition will potentially suppress the pathological inflammation, cytokine storm, fibroproliferation, and platelet activation associated with COVID-19, and at the same time prevent scarring and promote resolution in injured lungs. As pharmacological inhibition of Akt has also been reported to inhibit ACE2 expression, a receptor for the virus entry into the lung cells, targeting Akt for COVID-19 looks a viable option."}, {"pmid": 32518077, "title": "Rammya Mathew: We must not be guided by bad science on covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mathew, Rammya"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518077", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348165, "title": "Developing Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 and Future Epidemics and Pandemics: Applying Lessons from Past Outbreaks.", "journal": "Health Secur", "authors": ["Billington, John", "Deschamps, Isabelle", "Erck, Stanley C", "Gerberding, Julie L", "Hanon, Emmanuel", "Ivol, Sabrina", "Shiver, John W", "Spencer, Julia A", "Van Hoof, Johan"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348165", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a stark reminder of the heavy toll that emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) with epidemic and pandemic potential can inflict. Vaccine development, scale-up, and commercialization is a long, expensive, and risky enterprise that requires substantial upfront planning and offers no guarantee of success. EIDs are a particularly challenging target for global health preparedness, including for vaccine development. Insufficient attention has been given to challenges, lessons learned, and potential solutions to support and sustain vaccine industry engagement in vaccine development for EIDs. Drawing from lessons from the most recent Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as the 2009 H1N1 influenza, 2014-2016 Ebola, and 2015-16 Zika outbreaks preceding it, we offer our perspective on challenges facing EID vaccine development and recommend additional solutions to prioritize in the near term. The 6 recommendations focus on reducing vaccine development timelines and increasing business certainty to reduce risks for companies. The global health security community has an opportunity to build on the current momentum to design a sustainable model for EID vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32514101, "title": "First antibody against COVID-19 spike protein enters phase I.", "journal": "Nat Rev Drug Discov", "authors": ["Mullard, Asher"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514101", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496574, "title": "Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic obstetric patients in Tokyo, Japan.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Ochiai, Daigo", "Kasuga, Yoshifumi", "Iida, Miho", "Ikenoue, Satoru", "Tanaka, Mamoru"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496574", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Asymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a major issue in healthcare settings, and management in perinatal wards requires particular caution. Located in central Tokyo as a tertiary center, Keio University Hospital implemented universal PCR testing on patients before admission starting April 6 2020, in response to a nosocomial outbreak of COVID-19. The present study reports a retrospective review of 52 obstetric patients universally tested for SARS-CoV-2 admitted to this hospital between April 6 and April 27, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32386875, "pmcid": "PMC7184021", "title": "Managing Cancer Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.", "journal": "Trends Cancer", "authors": ["Alhalabi, Omar", "Subbiah, Vivek"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386875", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is posing insurmountable challenges to healthcare systems globally. Cancer therapy is complex, and outcomes are centered on timing. Many oncology societies and health ministries have issued guidelines for cancer care to enable oncologists and patients to navigate the crisis. Lessons learned should inform care models for future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32302535, "pmcid": "PMC7156243", "title": "COVID-19: health literacy is an underestimated problem.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Paakkari, Leena", "Okan, Orkan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450475, "pmcid": "PMC7236678", "title": "Using a pre-procedure COVID-19 huddle to improve operating room safety.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Pimentel, Marc Philip T", "Pimentel, Camilla B", "Wheeler, Kimberly", "Dehmer, Emily", "Vacanti, Joshua C", "Urman, Richard D"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450475", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518475, "pmcid": "PMC7269962", "title": "The resumption of sports competitions after COVID-19 lockdown: The case of the Spanish football league.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Buldu, Javier M", "Antequera, Daniel R", "Aguirre, Jacobo"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518475", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this work, we present a stochastic discrete-time SEIR Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recoveredmodel adapted to describe the propagation of COVID-19 during a football tournament. Specifically, we are concerned about the re-start of the Spanish national football league, La Liga, which is currently -May 2020- stopped with 11 fixtures remaining. Our model includes two additional states of an individual, confined and quarantined, which are reached when an individual presents COVID-19 symptoms or has undergone a virus test with a positive result. The model also accounts for the interaction dynamics of players, considering three different sources of infection: the player social circle, the contact with his/her team colleagues during training sessions, and the interaction with rivals during a match. Our results highlight the influence of the days between matches, the frequency of virus tests and their sensitivity on the number of players infected at the end of the season. Following our findings, we finally propose a variety of strategies to minimise the probability that COVID-19 propagates in case the season of La Liga was re-started after the current lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32525096, "title": "Physical activity during the COVID-19 global pandemic.", "journal": "J Sport Health Sci", "authors": ["Ainsworth, Barbara E", "Li, Fuzhong"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525096", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338347, "pmcid": "PMC7183927", "title": "COVID-19 in Children: Clinical Approach and Management.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Sankar, Jhuma", "Dhochak, Nitin", "Kabra, S K", "Lodha, Rakesh"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338347", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a major public health crisis threatening humanity at this point in time. Transmission of the infection occurs by inhalation of infected droplets or direct contact with soiled surfaces and fomites. It should be suspected in all symptomatic children who have undertaken international travel in the last 14 d, all hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory illness, and asymptomatic direct and high-risk contacts of a confirmed case. Clinical symptoms are similar to any acute respiratory viral infection with less pronounced nasal symptoms. Disease seems to be milder in children, but situation appears to be changing. Infants and young children had relatively more severe illness than older children. The case fatality rate is low in children. Diagnosis can be confirmed by Reverse transcriptase - Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory specimen (commonly nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab). Rapid progress is being made to develop rapid diagnostic tests, which will help ramp up the capacity to test and also reduce the time to getting test results. Management is mainly supportive care. In severe pneumonia and critically ill children, trial of hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir/ritonavir should be considered. As per current policy, children with mild disease also need to be hospitalized; if this is not feasible, these children may be managed on ambulatory basis with strict home isolation. Pneumonia, severe disease and critical illness require admission and aggressive management for acute lung injury and shock and/or multiorgan dysfunction, if present. An early intubation is preferred over non-invasive ventilation or heated, humidified, high flow nasal cannula oxygen, as these may generate aerosols increasing the risk of infection in health care personnel. To prevent post discharge dissemination of infection, home isolation for 1-2 wk may be advised. As of now, no vaccine or specific chemotherapeutic agents are approved for children."}, {"pmid": 32471800, "pmcid": "PMC7211677", "title": "Gaucher disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection: Emerging management challenges.", "journal": "Mol Genet Metab", "authors": ["Mistry, Pramod", "Balwani, Manisha", "Barbouth, Deborah", "Burrow, T Andrew", "Ginns, Edward I", "Goker-Alpan, Ozlem", "Grabowski, Gregory A", "Kartha, Reena V", "Kishnani, Priya S", "Lau, Heather", "Lee, Chung U", "Lopez, Grisel", "Maegawa, Gustavo", "Packman, Seymour", "Prada, Carlos", "Rosenbloom, Barry", "Lal, Tamanna Roshan", "Schiffmann, Rapheal", "Weinreb, Neal", "Sidransky, Ellen"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471800", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530438, "title": "New (re)Purpose for an old drug: purinergic receptor blockade may extinguish the COVID-19 thrombo-inflammatory firestorm.", "journal": "JCI Insight", "authors": ["Kanthi, Yogendra", "Knight, Jason S", "Zuo, Yu", "Pinsky, David J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530438", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purinergic modulators, such as dipyridamole, target multiple pathways that have been implicated in COVID-19 pathogenesis, and thus the therapeutic benefit of these should be explored."}, {"pmid": 32053470, "pmcid": "PMC7233367", "title": "Time Course of Lung Changes at Chest CT during Recovery from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Pan, Feng", "Ye, Tianhe", "Sun, Peng", "Gui, Shan", "Liang, Bo", "Li, Lingli", "Zheng, Dandan", "Wang, Jiazheng", "Hesketh, Richard L", "Yang, Lian", "Zheng, Chuansheng"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32053470", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Chest CT is used to assess the severity of lung involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Purpose To determine the changes in chest CT findings associated with COVID-19 from initial diagnosis until patient recovery. Materials and Methods This retrospective review included patients with real-time polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 who presented between January 12, 2020, and February 6, 2020. Patients with severe respiratory distress and/or oxygen requirement at any time during the disease course were excluded. Repeat chest CT was performed at approximately 4-day intervals. Each of the five lung lobes was visually scored on a scale of 0 to 5, with 0 indicating no involvement and 5 indicating more than 75% involvement. The total CT score was determined as the sum of lung involvement, ranging from 0 (no involvement) to 25 (maximum involvement). Results Twenty-one patients (six men and 15 women aged 25-63 years) with confirmed COVID-19 were evaluated. A total of 82 chest CT scans were obtained in these patients, with a mean interval (\u00b1standard deviation) of 4 days \u00b1 1 (range, 1-8 days). All patients were discharged after a mean hospitalization period of 17 days \u00b1 4 (range, 11-26 days). Maximum lung involved peaked at approximately 10 days (with a calculated total CT score of 6) from the onset of initial symptoms (R2 = 0.25, P < .001). Based on quartiles of chest CT scans from day 0 to day 26 involvement, four stages of lung CT findings were defined. CT scans obtained in stage 1 (0-4 days) showed ground-glass opacities (18 of 24 scans [75%]), with a mean total CT score of 2 \u00b1 2; scans obtained in stage 2 (5-8 days) showed an increase in both the crazy-paving pattern (nine of 17 scans [53%]) and total CT score (mean, 6 \u00b1 4; P = .002); scans obtained in stage 3 (9-13 days) showed consolidation (19 of 21 scans [91%]) and a peak in the total CT score (mean, 7 \u00b1 4); and scans obtained in stage 4 (\u226514 days) showed gradual resolution of consolidation (15 of 20 scans [75%]) and a decrease in the total CT score (mean, 6 \u00b1 4) without crazy-paving pattern. Conclusion In patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (without severe respiratory distress during the disease course), lung abnormalities on chest CT scans showed greatest severity approximately 10 days after initial onset of symptoms. \u00a9\u2009RSNA, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32306214, "pmcid": "PMC7166094", "title": "Maximizing Digital Interventions for Youth in the Midst of Covid-19: Lessons from the Adolescent Trials Network for HIV Interventions.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Hightow-Weidman, Lisa", "Muessig, Kate", "Claude, Kristina", "Roberts, Jessica", "Zlotorzynska, Maria", "Sanchez, Travis"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306214", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281332, "title": "[Study on medication regularity of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of COVID-19 based on data mining].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhou, Zheng", "Zhu, Chun-Sheng", "Zhang, Bing"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281332", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is developing rapidly and posing great threat to public health. There is no specific medicine available for treating the disease. Luckily, traditional Chinese medicine has played a positive role in the fighting against COVID-19. In this paper, We collected and sorted the prescriptions of modern Chinese medicine for COVID-19 released by national government, different provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, as well as online databases, such as CNKI, WanFang medical network, and VIP database. These prescriptions were combined with the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine auxiliary V2.5, and the complex system entropy clustering method was used to determine the association rules and frequency of single drug and drug combination in the prescription. In the end, 96 effective prescriptions were included. Among them, the four properties were mainly concentrated in temperature, cold and level, the five tastes were mainly concentrated in bitter, hot and sweet, and the meridians were mainly concentrated in lung, stomach and spleen. The high-frequency drugs were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum, etc., and the high-frequency combinations are Gypsum Fibrosum-Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Armeniacae Semen Amarum-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the core combinations are Lepidii Semen-Armeniacae Semen Amarum-Gypsum Fibrosum, Pogostemonis Herba-Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Ophiopogonis Radix-Armeniacae Semen Amarum-Scutellariae Radix and so on. Form new prescriptions Lepidii Semen, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum, Pogostemonis Herba, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex. Ophiopogonis Radix, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Scutellariae Radix, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus, Panacis Quinquefolii Radix. From the medicinal properties to high-frequency drugs and new prescriptions, it could be seen that the overall treatment of COVID-19 by traditional Chinese medicine was to strengthen body resistance, eliminate pathogenic factors, and give attention to Qi and Yin."}, {"pmid": 32356628, "pmcid": "PMC7206932", "title": "Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Risk of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Reynolds, Harmony R", "Adhikari, Samrachana", "Pulgarin, Claudia", "Troxel, Andrea B", "Iturrate, Eduardo", "Johnson, Stephen B", "Hausvater, Anais", "Newman, Jonathan D", "Berger, Jeffrey S", "Bangalore, Sripal", "Katz, Stuart D", "Fishman, Glenn I", "Kunichoff, Dennis", "Chen, Yu", "Ogedegbe, Gbenga", "Hochman, Judith S"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356628", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is concern about the potential of an increased risk related to medications that act on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), because the viral receptor is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We assessed the relation between previous treatment with ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, or thiazide diuretics and the likelihood of a positive or negative result on Covid-19 testing as well as the likelihood of severe illness (defined as intensive care, mechanical ventilation, or death) among patients who tested positive. Using Bayesian methods, we compared outcomes in patients who had been treated with these medications and in untreated patients, overall and in those with hypertension, after propensity-score matching for receipt of each medication class. A difference of at least 10 percentage points was prespecified as a substantial difference. Among 12,594 patients who were tested for Covid-19, a total of 5894 (46.8%) were positive; 1002 of these patients (17.0%) had severe illness. A history of hypertension was present in 4357 patients (34.6%), among whom 2573 (59.1%) had a positive test; 634 of these patients (24.6%) had severe illness. There was no association between any single medication class and an increased likelihood of a positive test. None of the medications examined was associated with a substantial increase in the risk of severe illness among patients who tested positive. We found no substantial increase in the likelihood of a positive test for Covid-19 or in the risk of severe Covid-19 among patients who tested positive in association with five common classes of antihypertensive medications."}, {"pmid": 32389608, "pmcid": "PMC7204744", "title": "Heart Failure in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Where has all New York's congestion gone?", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Barghash, Maya H", "Pinney, Sean P"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389608", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402128, "pmcid": "PMC7273091", "title": "Telehealth in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural Veteran and Military Beneficiaries.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Shura, Robert D", "Brearly, Timothy W", "Tupler, Larry A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402128", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409114, "pmcid": "PMC7200360", "title": "Clinical Course, Imaging Features, and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Abrishami, Alireza", "Samavat, Shiva", "Behnam, Behdad", "Arab-Ahmadi, Mehran", "Nafar, Mohsen", "Sanei Taheri, Morteza"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409114", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel and highly contagious disease caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Older adults and patients with comorbidities and immunosuppressive conditions may experience severe signs and symptoms that can lead to death. This case series assesses the clinical course, imaging features, and outcomes for 12 patients with COVID-19 and a history of kidney transplantation. Patients were evaluated for symptoms, laboratory data, imaging findings, and outcomes from February 2020 to April 2020. Fever, cough, and dyspnea were the most common clinical symptoms, noted in 75% (nine/12), 75% (nine/12), and 41.7% (five/12) of the patients, respectively. Most of the patients had a normal white blood cell count, while 33.3% (four/12) had leukopenia and 8.3% (one/12) had leukocytosis. A combination of consolidation and ground glass opacity was the most predominant (75%) pattern of lung involvement on computed tomography (CT). Eight patients died of severe COVID-19 pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome and four were discharged. All recovered cases had a unilateral peripheral pattern of involvement limited to only one zone on initial chest CT. It seems that CT imaging has an important role in predicting COVID-19 outcomes for solid organ transplant recipients. Future studies with long-term follow up and more cases are needed to elucidate COVID-19 diagnosis, outcome, and management strategies for these patients."}, {"pmid": 32508069, "title": "Therapeutic Temperature Modulation for a Critically Ill Patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Jeong, Han Gil", "Lee, Yunghee", "Song, Kyoung Ho", "Hwang, In Chang", "Kim, Eu Suk", "Cho, Young Jae"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508069", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a rapidly deteriorating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient, a-58-year-old woman, with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and shock with hyperpyrexia up to 41.8\u00b0C, probably due to the cytokine storm syndrome. Considering extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as the last resort, we applied therapeutic temperature modulation for management of hyperpyrexia. The patient demonstrated rapid improvement in oxygenation and shock after achieving normothermia, and fully recovered from COVID-19 three weeks later. Therapeutic temperature modulation may have successfully offloaded the failing cardiorespiratory system from metabolic cost and hyperinflammation induced by hyperpyrexia. The therapeutic temperature modulation can safely be applied in a specific group of patients with cytokine storm syndrome and hyperpyrexia, which may reduce the number of patients requiring ECMO in the global medical resource shortage."}, {"pmid": 32201554, "pmcid": "PMC7073717", "title": "COVID-19 R0: Magic number or conundrum?", "journal": "Infect Dis Rep", "authors": ["Viceconte, Giulio", "Petrosillo, Nicola"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201554", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445315, "title": "Uro-oncology in times of COVID-19: The available evidence and recommendations in the Indian scenario.", "journal": "Indian J Cancer", "authors": ["Narain, Tushar A", "Gautam, Gagan", "Seth, Amlesh", "Panwar, Vikas K", "Rawal, Sudhir", "Dhar, Puneet", "Talwar, Harkirat S", "Singh, Amitabh", "Jaipuria, Jiten", "Mittal, Ankur"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445315", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), one of the most devastating pandemics ever, has left thousands of cancer patients to their fate. The future course of this pandemic is still an enigma, but health care services are expected to resume soon in a phased manner. This might be a long drawn process and we need to have policies in place, to be able to fight both, the SARS-CoV-2 virus and cancer, simultaneously, and emerge triumphant. An extensive literature search for impact of delay in management of various urological malignancies was carried out. Expert opinions were sought wherever there was paucity of evidence, in order to reach a consensus and come up with recommendations for directing uro-oncology services in the times of COVID-19. The panel recommends deferring treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma by 3 to 6 months, except for those with ongoing hematuria and/or inferior vena cava thrombus, which warrant immediate surgery. Metastatic renal cell cancers should be started on targeted therapy. Low grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancers can be kept on active surveillance while high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancers and muscle invasive bladder cancers should be treated within 3 months. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be avoided. Management of low and intermediate risk prostate cancer can be deferred for 3 to 6months while high risk prostate cancer patients can be initiated on neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy. Patients with testicular tumors should undergo high inguinal orchiectomy and be treated according to stage without delay, with stage I patients being offered surveillance. Penile cancers should undergo penectomy, while clinically negative groins can be kept on surveillance. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be avoided and adjuvant therapy should be deferred. We need to tailor our treatment strategies to the prevailing present conditions, so as to fight and defeat both, the SARS-CoV-2 virus and cancer. Protection of health care workers, judicious use of available resources, and a rational and balanced outlook towards different malignancies is the need of the hour."}, {"pmid": 32506111, "title": "National Clinical Guidance for the Management of Cardiovascular Intervention in the COVID-19 Pandemic: From Bangladesh Society of Cardiovascular Interventions (BSCI).", "journal": "Mymensingh Med J", "authors": ["Uddin, M J", "Rahman, A F", "Rahman, S", "Momenuzzaman, N M", "Rahman, A", "Majumder, A S", "Mohibullah, A M", "Chowdhury, A H", "Malik, F N", "Ahsan, S A", "Mohsin, K", "Haq, M M", "Chowdhury, A W", "Sohrabuzzaman, A M", "Rahman, M", "Chakraborty, B", "Rahman, R", "Khan, S R", "Khan, K N", "Reza, A M", "Hussain, K S", "Rashid, M", "Choudhury, A K", "Karmakar, K K", "Ali, Z", "Alam, N", "Rahman, Z", "Kabir, C S", "Banik, D", "Dutta, A", "Badiuzzaman, M", "Islam, A W", "Sium, A H", "Hossain, M D", "Ahmed, N", "Jahan, J", "Islam, M S", "Arefin, M M", "Cader, F A", "Banerjee, S K", "Hoque, H", "Shofiuddin, M", "Selim, A", "Das, P K", "Ahmed, M", "Dutto, B", "Alam, S", "Paul, G K", "Paul, S K", "Azam, M G"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506111", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first recorded case of SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladesh on 8th March 2020, COVID-19 has spread widely through different regions of the country, resulting in a necessity to re-evaluate the delivery of cardiovascular services, particularly procedures pertaining to interventional cardiology in resource-limited settings. Given its robust capacity for human-to-human transmission and potential of being a nosocomial source of infection, the disease has specific implications on healthcare systems and health care professionals faced with performing essential cardiac procedures in patients with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The limited resources in terms of cardiac catheterization laboratories that can be designated to treat only COVID positive patients are further compounded by the additional challenges of unavailability of widespread rapid testing on-site at tertiary cardiac hospitals in Bangladesh. This document prepared for our nation by the Bangladesh Society of Cardiovascular Interventions (BSCI) is intended to serve as a clinical practice guideline for cardiovascular health care professionals, with a focus on modifying standard practice of care during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to ensure continuation of adequate and timely treatment of cardiovascular emergencies avoiding hospital-based transmission of SARS-COV-2 among healthcare professionals and the patients. This is an evolving document based on currently available global data and is tailored to healthcare systems in Bangladesh with particular focus on, but not limited to, invasive cardiology facilities (cardiac catheterization, electrophysiology & pacing labs). This guideline is limited to the provision of cardiovascular care, and it is expected that specific targeted pharmaco-therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 be prescribed as stipulated by the National Guidelines on Clinical Management of Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) published by the Director General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of Bangladesh."}, {"pmid": 32328206, "pmcid": "PMC7177067", "title": "[Treatment of primary and metastatic peritoneal tumors in the Covid-19 pandemic Proposals for prioritization from the RENAPE and BIG-RENAPE groups].", "authors": ["Glehen, O", "Kepenekian, V", "Bouche, O", "Gladieff, L", "Honore, C", "Big-Renape, Renape-"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328206", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic is profoundly changing the organization of healthcare access. This is particularly so for peritoneal neoplastic diseases, for which curative treatment mobilizes substantial personnel, operating room and intensive care resources. The BIG-RENAPE and RENAPE groups have made tentative proposals for prioritizing care provision.A tightening of the usual selection criteria is needed for curative care: young patients with few or no comorbidities and limited peritoneal extension. It is desirable to prioritize disease conditions for which cytoreduction surgery with or without associated hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is the gold-standard treatment, and for which systemic chemotherapy cannot be a temporary or long-term alternative: pseudomyxoma peritonei, resectable malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas, peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin if they are resectable and unresponsive to systemic chemotherapy after up to 12 courses, first-line ovarian carcinomatosis if resectable or in interval surgery after at most six courses of systemic chemotherapy. Addition of HIPEC must be discussed case by case in an expert center. The prioritization of indications must consider local conditions and the phase of the epidemic to allow optimal peri-operative care."}, {"pmid": 32185669, "pmcid": "PMC7089199", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: infection control protocol inside computed tomography suites.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Nakajima, Kento", "Kato, Hideaki", "Yamashiro, Tsuneo", "Izumi, Toshiharu", "Takeuchi, Ichiro", "Nakajima, Hideaki", "Utsunomiya, Daisuke"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185669", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) causes a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. It spread rapidly and globally. CT imaging is helpful for the evaluation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Infection control inside the CT suites is also important to prevent hospital-related transmission of COVID-19. We present our experience with infection control protocol for COVID-19 inside the CT suites."}, {"pmid": 32370606, "title": "Individualizing Inpatient Diabetes Management During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Pasquel, Francisco J", "Umpierrez, Guillermo E"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370606", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes is associated with poor clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). During this pandemic, many hospitals have already become overwhelmed around the world and are rapidly entering crisis mode. While there are global efforts to boost personal protective equipment (PPE) production, many centers are improvising care strategies, including the implementation of technology to prevent healthcare workers' exposures and reduce the waste of invaluable PPE. Not optimizing glycemic control due to clinical inertia driven by fear or lack of supplies may lead to poor outcomes in patients with diabetes and COVID-19. Individualized care strategies, novel therapeutic regimens, and the use of diabetes technology may reduce these barriers. However, systematic evaluation of these changes in care is necessary to evaluate both patient- and community-centered outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32360111, "pmcid": "PMC7194742", "title": "The Diagnosis of Pneumonia in a Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 Using Maternal Lung Ultrasound.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Inchingolo, Riccardo", "Smargiassi, Andrea", "Moro, Francesca", "Buonsenso, Danilo", "Salvi, Silvia", "Del Giacomo, Paola", "Scoppettuolo, Giancarlo", "Demi, Libertario", "Soldati, Gino", "Testa, Antonia Carla"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360111", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung ultrasound examination has been demonstrated to be an accurate imaging method to detect pulmonary and pleural conditions. During pregnancy, there is a need for a rapid assessment of the maternal lung in patients suspected to have COVID-19. We report our experience on lung ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of Sars-Cov-2 pneumonia in a pregnant woman. Typical ultrasound features of this pulmonary pathology, including diffuse hyperechoic vertical artifacts with thickened pleural line and \"white lung\" with patchy distribution, were observed. We suggest point of care lung ultrasound examination as a diagnostic imaging tool in pregnant women with suspected COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32372835, "pmcid": "PMC7195344", "title": "Trials of BCG vaccine will test for covid-19 protection.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Lawton, Graham"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372835", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417872, "title": "Probable Exit Strategy Against COVID-19 of Low Resource Country like Nepal: Open Floor Discussion.", "journal": "JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc", "authors": ["Rajbhandari, Bibek", "Gurung, Minani", "Poudel, Lisasha", "Shrestha, Archana", "Karmacharya, Biraj Man"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417872", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lockdown is essential for containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. It is the best measure to maintain extreme social distancing which has been effective in controlling the infection and saving lives. But they are causing huge loss economically, disrupting social life and causing distress around the world. Reopening too quickly or too boldly without a goal-oriented strategy could mean a second wave of infection as fierce or even worse as the first. The fundamentals of the virus remain the same - one infected person will, without a lockdown pass it onto three others on average. The consequences of lifting the lockdown are unforeseeable and the stakes are high. Due to the different spectrum of severity with same strain of virus and uncertainty of post lockdown era, lifting the lockdown will be a trial and error approach. Nevertheless, at some point the lockdown has to be lifted. The strategic approach would be innumerable testing, investigations, strong contact tracing, isolation and follow-up. In a low-income country like Nepal, this will mean negotiating a tricky balance between terminating the spread of SARS-CoV-2, and allowing people to recover their livelihoods before they slip into extreme poverty and anguish."}, {"pmid": 32327426, "title": "SLE patients are not immune to covid-19: importance of sending the right message across.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Goyal, Mohit"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327426", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483488, "pmcid": "PMC7245646", "title": "Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Intensive Care", "authors": ["Huang, Ian", "Pranata, Raymond"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483488", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical and laboratory biomarkers to predict the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are essential in this pandemic situation of which resource allocation must be urgently prepared especially in the context of respiratory support readiness. Lymphocyte count has been a marker of interest since the first COVID-19 publication. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to investigate the association of lymphocyte count on admission and the severity of COVID-19. We would also like to analyze whether patient characteristics such as age and comorbidities affect the relationship between lymphocyte count and COVID-19. Comprehensive and systematic literature search was performed from PubMed, SCOPUS, EuropePMC, ProQuest, Cochrane Central Databases, and Google Scholar. Research articles in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with information on lymphocyte count and several outcomes of interest, including mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intensive care unit (ICU) care, and severe COVID-19, were included in the analysis. Inverse variance method was used to obtain mean differences and its standard deviations. Maentel-Haenszel formula was used to calculate dichotomous variables to obtain odds ratios (ORs) along with its 95% confidence intervals. Random-effect models were used for meta-analysis regardless of heterogeneity. Restricted-maximum likelihood random-effects meta-regression was performed for age, gender, cardiac comorbidity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, and smoking. There were a total of 3099 patients from 24 studies. Meta-analysis showed that patients with poor outcome have a lower lymphocyte count (mean difference - 361.06\u2009\u03bcL [- 439.18, - 282.95], p < 0.001; I2 84%) compared to those with good outcome. Subgroup analysis showed lower lymphocyte count in patients who died (mean difference - 395.35\u2009\u03bcL [- 165.64, - 625.07], p < 0.001; I2 87%), experienced ARDS (mean difference - 377.56\u2009\u03bcL [- 271.89, - 483.22], p < 0.001; I2 0%), received ICU care (mean difference - 376.53\u2009\u03bcL [- 682.84, - 70.22], p = 0.02; I2 89%), and have severe COVID-19 (mean difference - 353.34\u2009\u03bcL [- 250.94, - 455.73], p < 0.001; I2 85%). Lymphopenia was associated with severe COVID-19 (OR 3.70 [2.44, 5.63], p < 0.001; I2 40%). Meta-regression showed that the association between lymphocyte count and composite poor outcome was affected by age (p = 0.034). This meta-analysis showed that lymphopenia on admission was associated with poor outcome in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32225135, "title": "Pathways for urology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Minerva Urol Nefrol", "authors": ["Simonato, Alchiede", "Giannarini, Gianluca", "Abrate, Alberto", "Bartoletti, Riccardo", "Crestani, Alessandro", "De Nunzio, Cosimo", "Gregori, Andrea", "Liguori, Giovanni", "Novara, Giacomo", "Pavan, Nicola", "Trombetta, Carlo", "Tubaro, Andrea", "Porpiglia, Francesco", "Ficarra, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32225135", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The public health emergency caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a significant reallocation of health resources with a consequent reorganization of the clinical activities also in several urological centers. A panel of Italian urologists has agreed on a set of recommendations on pathways of pre-, intra- and post-operative care for urological patients undergoing urgent procedures or non-deferrable oncological interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Simplification of the diagnostic and staging pathway has to be prioritized in order to reduce hospital visits and consequently the risk of contagion. In absence of strict uniform regulations that impose the implementation of nasopharyngeal swabs, we recommend that an accurate triage for possible COVID-19 symptoms be performed both by telephone at home before hospitalization and at the time of hospitalization. We recommend that during hospital stay patients should be provided with as many instructions as possible to facilitate their return to, and stay at, home. Patients should be discharged under stable good conditions in order to minimize the risk of readmission. It is advisable to reduce or reschedule post-discharge controls and implement an adequate system of communication for telemonitoring discharged patients in order to reduce hospital visits."}, {"pmid": 32084676, "title": "[Standardized diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer during the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Renji hospital].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Luo, Y", "Zhong, M"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32084676", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) is currently raging in China. It has been proven that NCP can be transmitted from human to human and cause hospital infection, which seriously threatens surgical staffs and inpatients. Although colorectal surgery is not a front-line subject in the fight against the epidemic, but in this special situation, now it is a difficult task that with the premise of how to maximize the protection for patients and their families, health of medical staff, and the safety of wards and hospitals, we can provide the highest quality medical services to ensure the orderly development of previous clinical work. Referring to the \"Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for NCP (Trial Version 4 and 5)\" and combining the actual practice situation in our hospital with the \"Summary of New Coronavirus Files of Shanghai Renji Hospital\", we summarize how to carry out the clinical practice of colorectal surgery under the situation of the prevention and control of the NCP epidemiology, meanwhile under such situation aiming the procedure of diagnose and treatment for emergency patients with colorectal tumor, we share the experiences of the diagnosis of colorectal tumor, the management of patients with colorectal cancer who are scheduled to be admitted for surgery, the protection of wards, the perioperative management. More importantly, we introduce in detail the operative management and perioperative management of colorectal surgery patients suspected or diagnosed with new coronary pneumonia, including prevention and control measures for medical staff, operating rooms and surgical instruments. The main points are as follows: (1) Multidisciplinary team (MDT) must be run through the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. The members include not only routine departments, but also respiratory department and infectious department. (2) Colonoscopy examination may cause cross infection of NCP to patients and doctors. Therefore, it is prior to examine the emergency cases and life-threatening patients (bleeding, obstruction, gastrointestinal foreign bodies, etc.). If the emergent patients (intestinal obstruction) with suspected or confirmed NCP, the surgeons must perform emergency surgery, and intestinal decompressive tube through colonoscopy is not recommended. (3) The colorectal cancer patients with suspected or confirmed NCP should be placed in the isolated room with separate medical devices, and the operative room with negative pressure (under-5 Pa) must be separated. All disposable medical items, body fluids and feces of the patients in perioperative periods must be unified disposed according to the medical waste standard. (4) The surgical medical workers who process colorectal cancer patients with NCP must be protected by three-level. After operation, the medical workers must receive medical observation and be isolated for 14 days. We hope our \"Renji experience\" will be beneficial to colleagues."}, {"pmid": 32512290, "title": "Expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and proteases in COVID-19 patients: A potential role of cellular FURIN in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Drak Alsibai, Kinan"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512290", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, a mini-review was published in the Medical Hypotheses journal by Usul Afsar entitled 2019-nCoV-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: Cruciality of Furin and relevance with cancer. Previous studies have pointed out that disruption of the proteolytic cleavage of proteins can promote infectious and non-infectious diseases. The last few weeks have been marked by an important revelation concerning the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2. This new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious and transmissible acute respiratory infectious disorder. SARS-CoV-2 is composed of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and structural proteins including Spike protein (S protein). Interestingly, the FURIN, one of the proproteins of the convertase family, plays a crucial role in the maturation of viral glycoproteins. In addition, many viruses including coronaviruses, exploit FURIN for the activation of their glycoproteins. Recent data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Subsequently, the S protein is cleaved by transmembrane protease serine 2 with the help of FURIN which facilitates the entry of the virus into the cell after binding. Furthermore, it seems that FURIN is implicated in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially in the increased rates of human-to-human transmission."}, {"pmid": 32313661, "pmcid": "PMC7161807", "title": "COVID-19 first stage in Japan - how we treat 'Diamond Princess Cruise Ship' with 3700 passengers?", "journal": "Acute Med Surg", "authors": ["Takeuchi, Ichiro"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313661", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291153, "pmcid": "PMC7142701", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic & head and neck cancer patients management: The role of virtual multidisciplinary team meetings.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Salari, Abolfazl", "Shirkhoda, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291153", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525216, "title": "Management of the airway and lung isolation for thoracic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Greenhalgh, D"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335281, "pmcid": "PMC7180159", "title": "Pharmacological perspective: glycyrrhizin may be an efficacious therapeutic agent for COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Luo, Pan", "Liu, Dong", "Li, Juan"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335281", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the previously unknown pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now a global pandemic. There are no vaccines or specific treatments against this new virus; therefore, there is an urgent need to advance novel therapeutic interventions for COVID-19. Glycyrrhizin is a triterpene saponin with various biological functions and pharmacological effects. This brief article discusses the therapeutic potential of glycyrrhizin for the treatment of COVID-19 from the perspective of its pharmacological action, including binding angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), downregulating proinflammatory cytokines, inhibiting the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting thrombin, inhibiting the hyperproduction of airway exudates, and inducing endogenous interferon."}, {"pmid": 32335002, "pmcid": "PMC7164844", "title": "COVID-19 Evaluation by Low-Dose High Resolution CT Scans Protocol.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Radpour, Alireza", "Bahrami-Motlagh, Hooman", "Taaghi, Mohammad Taghi", "Sedaghat, Abdolrasul", "Karimi, Mohammad Ali", "Hekmatnia, Ali", "Haghighatkhah, Hamid-Reza", "Sanei-Taheri, Morteza", "Arab-Ahmadi, Mehran", "Azhideh, Arash"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335002", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275868, "pmcid": "PMC7141483", "title": "Invisible spread of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xiong, Nian", "Wang, Tao", "Lin, Zhicheng"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275868", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480419, "title": "Conquest of COVID-19. Publish it to Death?", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Gale, Robert Peter"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480419", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some diseases can be cured by medical interventions, others not. When not, are there other approaches to control or cure? One possibility is to try to publish a disease to death, a therapy strategy first proposed by my late colleague Prof. David Golde from UCLA (see below). Here I consider whether this strategy is working in the fight against severe acute respiratory syndrome-cornavirsu-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and the associated coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32374054, "pmcid": "PMC7235501", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 disease and children under treatment for cancer.", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Terenziani, Monica", "Massimino, Maura", "Biassoni, Veronica", "Casanova, Michela", "Chiaravalli, Stefano", "Ferrari, Andrea", "Luksch, Roberto", "Meazza, Cristina", "Podda, Marta", "Schiavello, Elisabetta", "Spreafico, Filippo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374054", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454574, "pmcid": "PMC7241605", "title": "You Need a Plan: A Stepwise Protocol for Operating Room Preparedness During an Infectious Pandemic.", "journal": "Fed Pract", "authors": ["Arora, Vivek", "Evans, Connie", "Langdale, Lorrie", "Lee, Alex"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454574", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes the syndrome designated COVID-19, presents a challenge for emergency operative management. The transmission and virulence of this new pathogen has raised concern for how best to protect operating room staff while effectively providing care to the infected patient requiring urgent or emergent surgery. Establishment of a clear protocol that adheres to rigorous infection control measures while providing a safe system for interfacility transport and operative care is vital to a successful surgical pandemic response. While emergency protocols must be rapidly developed, they should be collaboratively improved and incorporate new knowledge as and when it becomes available. These measures combined with practice drills to keep operating room personnel ready and able should help construct processes that are useful, easy to follow, and tailored to the unique local environment of each health care setting. After the initial apprehensions and struggles during our confrontation with the COVID-19 crisis, it is our hope that the experience we share will be helpful to surgical staff at other institutions grappling with the challenges of operative care in the pandemic environment. While this protocol focuses on the current COVID-19 pandemic, these recommendations serve as a template for surgical preparedness that can be readily adapted to infectious disease crisis that unfortunately might emerge in the future."}, {"pmid": 32388705, "pmcid": "PMC7211049", "title": "A Unique Presentation of COVID-19 in a Patient Post Sleeve Gastrectomy.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Taube, Catharine", "Mansour, Sami", "Hakky, Sherif"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388705", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356578, "pmcid": "PMC7267229", "title": "Comment on 'Two cases of COVID-19 presenting with a clinical picture resembling chilblains: first report from the Middle East': pernio unrelated to COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Torres-Navarro, I", "Abril-Perez, C", "Roca-Gines, J", "Sanchez-Arraez, J", "Botella-Estrada, R", "Evole-Buselli, M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356578", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395840, "pmcid": "PMC7272822", "title": "Psychopathological problems related to the COVID-19 pandemic and possible prevention with music therapy.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Mastnak, Wolfgang"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395840", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462316, "pmcid": "PMC7252417", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection, male fertility and sperm cryopreservation: a position statement of the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) (Societa Italiana di Andrologia e Medicina della Sessualita).", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Corona, G", "Baldi, E", "Isidori, A M", "Paoli, D", "Pallotti, F", "De Santis, L", "Francavilla, F", "La Vignera, S", "Selice, R", "Caponecchia, L", "Pivonello, R", "Ferlin, A", "Foresta, C", "Jannini, E A", "Lenzi, A", "Maggi, M", "Lombardo, F"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462316", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to coronavirus (CoV) 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised several concerns in reproductive medicine. The aim of this review is to summarize available evidence providing an official position statement of the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) METHODS: A comprehensive Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline and Cochrane library search was performed. Due to the limited evidence and the lack of studies, it was not possible to formulate recommendations according to the Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence criteria. Several molecular characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 can justify the presence of virus within the testis and possible alterations of spermatogenesis and endocrine function. Orchitis has been reported as a possible complication of SARS-CoV infection, but similar findings have not been reported for SARS-CoV-2. Alternatively, the orchitis could be the result of a vasculitis as COVID-19 has been associated with abnormalities in coagulation and the segmental vascularization of the testis could account for an orchitis-like syndrome. Finally, available data do not support the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in plasma seminal fluid of infected subjects. Data derived from other SARS-CoV infections suggest that in patients recovered from COVID-19, especially for those in reproductive age, andrological consultation and evaluation of gonadal function including semen analysis should be suggested. Studies in larger cohorts of currently infected subjects are warranted to confirm (or exclude) the presence of risks for male gametes that are destined either for cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen or for assisted reproduction techniques."}, {"pmid": 32414660, "pmcid": "PMC7142674", "title": "Exercising in times of COVID-19: what do experts recommend doing within four walls?", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Rodriguez, Miguel Angel", "Crespo, Irene", "Olmedillas, Hugo"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291828, "pmcid": "PMC7235523", "title": "Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: How to manage immunosuppressants in COVID-19 days.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Coletto, Lavinia Agra", "Favalli, Ennio Giulio", "Caporali, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291828", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530063, "title": "Herpes zoster in COVID-19-positive patients.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Tartari, Federico", "Spadotto, Alberto", "Zengarini, Corrado", "Zanoni, Rossana", "Guglielmo, Alba", "Adorno, Alexander", "Valzania, Cinzia", "Pileri, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530063", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426575, "pmcid": "PMC7229961", "title": "Clot in Transit on Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Prone Patient with COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.", "journal": "CASE (Phila)", "authors": ["Horowitz, James M", "Yuriditsky, Eugene", "Henderson, Ian J", "Stachel, Maxine Wallis", "Kwok, Benjamin", "Saric, Muhamed"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426575", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022The risk of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 is substantial\u2022Pulmonary embolism should be considered in cases of clinical deterioration\u2022Management of clot in transit is controversial."}, {"pmid": 32317247, "title": "What will we learn from covid-19? That we live in an uncertain world.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Harvey, Judith H"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317247", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449007, "pmcid": "PMC7245992", "title": "In and Beyond COVID-19: US Academic Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering Community Must Engage to Meet Critical National Needs.", "journal": "AAPS PharmSciTech", "authors": ["Gurvich, Vadim J", "Hussain, Ajaz S"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449007", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The supply of affordable, high-quality pharmaceuticals to US patients has been on a critical path for decades. In and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, this critical path has become tortuous. To regain reliability, reshoring of the pharmaceutical supply chain to the USA is now a vital national security need. Reshoring the pharmaceutical supply with old know-how and outdated technologies that cause inherent unpredictability and adverse environmental impact will neither provide the security we seek nor will it be competitive and affordable. The challenge at hand is complex akin to redesigning systems, including corporate and public research and development, manufacturing, regulatory, and education ones. The US academic community must be engaged in progressing solutions needed to counter emergencies in the COVID-19 pandemic and in building new methods to reshore the pharmaceutical supply chain beyond the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32446401, "pmcid": "PMC7241989", "title": "Offline: Health in the unhappy time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446401", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246403, "pmcid": "PMC7118308", "title": "The brain, another potential target organ, needs early protection from SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Li, Zhengqian", "Huang, Yuguang", "Guo, Xiangyang"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246403", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202993, "title": "Public Mental Health Crisis during COVID-19 Pandemic, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dong, Lu", "Bouey, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202993", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease emerged in China in late 2019-early 2020 and spread rapidly. China has been implementing emergency psychological crisis interventions to reduce the negative psychosocial impact on public mental health, but challenges exist. Public mental health interventions should be formally integrated into public health preparedness and emergency response plans."}, {"pmid": 32239155, "pmcid": "PMC7184422", "title": "COVID-19 and experiences of moral injury in front-line key workers.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Williamson, Victoria", "Murphy, Dominic", "Greenberg, Neil"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239155", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398875, "title": "Single-cell landscape of bronchoalveolar immune cells in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Liao, Mingfeng", "Liu, Yang", "Yuan, Jing", "Wen, Yanling", "Xu, Gang", "Zhao, Juanjuan", "Cheng, Lin", "Li, Jinxiu", "Wang, Xin", "Wang, Fuxiang", "Liu, Lei", "Amit, Ido", "Zhang, Shuye", "Zhang, Zheng"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398875", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory immune characteristics associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity are currently unclear. We characterized bronchoalveolar lavage fluid immune cells from patients with varying severity of COVID-19 and from healthy people by using single-cell RNA sequencing. Proinflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages were abundant in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with severe COVID-9. Moderate cases were characterized by the presence of highly clonally expanded CD8+ T cells. This atlas of the bronchoalveolar immune microenvironment suggests potential mechanisms underlying pathogenesis and recovery in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32458712, "title": "Letter to the Editor: SARS-CoV-2 in Urine: Should Endourologists Be Concerned and What Personal Protective Equipment Measures Should Be Taken to Protect the Surgeon?", "journal": "J Endourol", "authors": ["Raza, Asif"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458712", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232986, "pmcid": "PMC7228401", "title": "Potential utilities of mask-wearing and instant hand hygiene for fighting SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ma, Qing-Xia", "Shan, Hu", "Zhang, Hong-Liang", "Li, Gui-Mei", "Yang, Rui-Mei", "Chen, Ji-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232986", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The surge of patients in the pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 may overwhelm the medical systems of many countries. Mask-wearing and handwashing can slow the spread of the virus, but currently, masks are in shortage in many countries, and timely handwashing is often impossible. In this study, the efficacy of three types of masks and instant hand wiping was evaluated using the avian influenza virus to mock the coronavirus. Virus quantification was performed using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Previous studies on mask-wearing were reviewed. The results showed that instant hand wiping using a wet towel soaked in water containing 1.00% soap powder, 0.05% active chlorine, or 0.25% active chlorine from sodium hypochlorite removed 98.36%, 96.62%, and 99.98% of the virus from hands, respectively. N95 masks, medical masks, and homemade masks made of four-layer kitchen paper and one-layer cloth could block 99.98%, 97.14%, and 95.15% of the virus in aerosols. Medical mask-wearing which was supported by many studies was opposed by other studies possibly due to erroneous judgment. With these data, we propose the approach of mask-wearing plus instant hand hygiene (MIH) to slow the exponential spread of the virus. This MIH approach has been supported by the experiences of seven countries in fighting against COVID-19. Collectively, a simple approach to slow the exponential spread of SARS-CoV-2 was proposed with the support of experiments, literature review, and control experiences."}, {"pmid": 32310920, "title": "[The role of multimodality imaging in COVID-19 patients: from diagnosis to clinical monitoring and prognosis].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["D'Andrea, Antonello", "Di Giannuario, Giovanna", "Marrazzo, Gemma", "Riegler, Lucia", "Mele, Donato", "Rizzo, Massimiliano", "Campana, Marco", "Gimelli, Alessia", "Khoury, Georgette", "Moreo, Antonella"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310920", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The integrated clinical, laboratory and ultrasound approach is essential for the diagnosis, monitoring and evaluation of the patient's therapy in COVID-19 pneumonia. The ideal imaging strategy in this setting is not yet well defined. Bedside pulmonary ultrasound presents an undeniable series of advantages in patients at high risk of infection, and can provide incremental data in the respiratory intensive care for the serial control of the individual patient, as well as for home delivery of stabilized patients. Chest X-ray is characterized by low sensitivity in identifying earlier lung changes. Pulmonary computed tomography shows high sensitivity but should not be routinely performed in all patients, because in the first 48 h it can be absolutely negative, and in the late phase imaging findings may not change the therapeutic approach. Echocardiography should be limited to patients with hemodynamic instability."}, {"pmid": 32487876, "title": "Nutrition in times of Covid-19, how to trust the deluge of scientific information.", "journal": "Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care", "authors": ["Correia, Maria Isabel T D"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487876", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has daunted the world with its enormous impact on healthcare, economic recession, and psychological distress. Nutrition is an integral part of every person life care, and should also be mandatorily integrated to patient care under the Covid-19 pandemic. It is crucial to understand how the Covid-19 does develop and which risk factors are associated with negative outcomes and death. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to have studies that respect the basic tenets of the scientific method in order to be trusted. The goal of this review is to discuss the deluge of scientific data and how it might influence clinical reasoning and practice. A large number of scientific manuscripts are daily published worldwide, and the Covid-19 makes no exception. Up to now, data on Covid-19 have come from countries initially affected by the disease and mostly pertain either epidemiological observations or opinion papers. Many of them do not fulfil the essential principles characterizing the adequate scientific method. It is crucial to be able to critical appraise the scientific literature, in order to provide adequate nutrition therapy to patients, and in particular, to Covid-19 infected individuals."}, {"pmid": 32265005, "pmcid": "PMC7140595", "title": "Only strict quarantine measures can curb the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Italy, 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Sjodin, Henrik", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Osman, Sarah", "Farooq, Zia", "Rocklov, Joacim"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265005", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several Italian towns are under lockdown to contain the COVID-19 outbreak. The level of transmission reduction required for physical distancing interventions to mitigate the epidemic is a crucial question. We show that very high adherence to community quarantine (total stay-home policy) and a small household size is necessary for curbing the outbreak in a locked-down town. The larger the household size and amount of time in the public, the longer the lockdown period needed."}, {"pmid": 31978944, "pmcid": "PMC7121143", "title": "Another Decade, Another Coronavirus.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Perlman, Stanley"], "date": "2020-01-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31978944", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500504, "pmcid": "PMC7271831", "title": "SARS-Coronavirus-2 Nsp13 Possesses NTPase and RNA Helicase Activities That Can Be Inhibited by Bismuth Salts.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Shu, Ting", "Huang, Muhan", "Wu, Di", "Ren, Yujie", "Zhang, Xueyi", "Han, Yang", "Mu, Jingfang", "Wang, Ruibing", "Qiu, Yang", "Zhang, Ding-Yu", "Zhou, Xi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500504", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health emergency. SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pathogen of COVID-19, is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Coronaviridae. For RNA viruses, virus-encoded RNA helicases have long been recognized to play pivotal roles during viral life cycles by facilitating the correct folding and replication of viral RNAs. Here, our studies show that SARS-CoV-2-encoded nonstructural protein 13 (nsp13) possesses the nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (NTPase) and RNA helicase activities that can hydrolyze all types of NTPs and unwind RNA helices dependently of the presence of NTP, and further characterize the biochemical characteristics of these two enzymatic activities associated with SARS-CoV-2 nsp13. Moreover, we found that some bismuth salts could effectively inhibit both the NTPase and RNA helicase activities of SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, our findings demonstrate the NTPase and helicase activities of SARS-CoV-2 nsp13, which may play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 replication and serve as a target for antivirals."}, {"pmid": 32511867, "title": "Predictions of Systemic, Intracellular, and Lung Concentrations of Azithromycin with Different Dosing Regimens used in COVID-19 Clinical Trials.", "journal": "CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol", "authors": ["Hughes, Jim H", "Sweeney, Kevin", "Ahadieh, Sima", "Ouellet, Daniele"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511867", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Azithromycin, a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic, is being investigated in patients with COVID-19. A population pharmacokinetic model was implemented to predict lung, intracellular poly/mononuclear cell (PBM/PML), and alveolar macrophage (AM) concentrations using published data and compared against preclinical EC90 for SARS-CoV-2. The final model described the data reported in 8 publications adequately. Consistent with its known properties, concentrations were higher in AM and PBM/PML, followed by lung tissue, and lowest systemically. Simulated PBM/PML concentrations exceeded EC90 following the first dose and for approximately 14 days following 500 mg QD for 3 days or 500 mg QD for 1 day/250 mg QD on days 2-5, 10 days following a single 1000 mg dose, and for more than 20 days with 500 mg QD for 10 days. AM concentrations exceeded the IC90 for more than 20 days for all regimens. These data will better inform optimization of dosing regimens for azithromycin clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32243775, "pmcid": "PMC7271269", "title": "COVID-19 and immigration detention in the USA: time to act.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Keller, Allen S", "Wagner, Benjamin D"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243775", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524746, "title": "A call for more utilization of laser dentistry at time of coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Nassani, Mohammad Zakaria", "Shamsy, Enass", "Tarakji, Bassel"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524746", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the eruption of coronavirus pandemic the face of the world has dramatically changed. Sadly, the impact of this health crisis on human beings and the world at large has been massive. To date, the world is struggling to find a cure/vaccination to this deadly virus. Globally, protection procedures to avoid infection with coronavirus have become the slogan of this era of time."}, {"pmid": 32420918, "title": "Foreword: Research in times of pandemic COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Vanelli, Maurizio", "Signorelli, Carlo", "De Sanctis, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420918", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Editorial."}, {"pmid": 32292847, "pmcid": "PMC7151324", "title": "The Heart in COVID19: Primary Target or Secondary Bystander?", "journal": "JACC Basic Transl Sci", "authors": ["Libby, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292847", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the throes of the current COVID-19 pandemic, interest has burgeoned in the cardiovascular complications of this virulent viral infection. As troponin, a biomarker of cardiac injury, often rises in hospitalized patients, its interpretation and actionability require careful consideration. Fulminant myocarditis due to direct viral infection can certainly occur, but patients with increased oxygen demands due to tachycardia and fever, and reduced oxygen delivery due to hypotension and hypoxemia can cause myocardial injury indirectly. Cytokines released during the acute infection can elicit activation of cells within pre-existing atherosclerotic lesions, augmenting thrombotic risk and risk of ischemic syndromes. Moreover, microvascular activation by cytokines can cause not only myocardial injury but harm other organ systems commonly involved in COVID-19 infections including the kidneys. Dealing with the immense challenge of COVID-19 disease, confronted with severely ill patients in dire straits with virtually no rigorous evidence base to guide our therapy, we must call upon our clinical skills and judgment. These touchstones can help guide us in selecting patients who might benefit from the advanced imaging and invasive procedures that present enormous logistical challenges in the current context. Lacking a robust evidence base, pathophysiologic reasoning can help guide our choices of therapy for individual clinical scenarios. We must exercise caution and extreme humility, as often plausible interventions fail when tested rigorously. But act today we must, and understanding the multiplicity of mechanisms of myocardial injury in COVID-19 infection will help us meet our mission unsupported by the comfort of strong data."}, {"pmid": 32393446, "title": "Alcohol withdrawal management during the Covid-19 lockdown in Kerala.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Varma, Ravi Prasad"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393446", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lockdown declared to prevent the spread of Covid 19 in India created unforeseen problems, including severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms and the need to manage them. The state of Kerala in India saw suicide deaths by six affected individuals, prompting the state government to instruct government doctors to prescribe alcohol to addicts. The local medical association approached the courts against this. These events raise interesting ethical issues discussed here. Keywords: alcohol withdrawal, prescribing alcohol, Covid 19, ethics of alcohol prescription."}, {"pmid": 32337742, "pmcid": "PMC7267404", "title": "Online team-based learning sessions as interactive methodologies during the pandemic.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Gaber, Dalia A", "Shehata, Mohamed Hany", "Amin, Hebat Allah A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337742", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435832, "pmcid": "PMC7239503", "title": "Interventional Radiology Preparedness in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Is there a Gold Standard?", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Tan, Bien-Soo", "Tay, Kiang-Hiong"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435832", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313181, "pmcid": "PMC7167532", "title": "Lessons after the early management of the COVID-19 outbreak in a pediatric transplant and hemato-oncology center embedded within a COVID-19 dedicated hospital in Lombardia, Italy. Estote parati.", "journal": "Bone Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Balduzzi, Adriana", "Brivio, Erica", "Rovelli, Attilio", "Rizzari, Carmelo", "Gasperini, Serena", "Melzi, Maria Luisa", "Conter, Valentino", "Biondi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313181", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is the second exposed country worldwide, after China, and Lombardia is the most affected region in Italy, with more than half of the national cases, with 13% of whom being healthcare professionals. The Clinica Pediatrica Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Bicocca is a general pediatric and hematology oncology and transplant center embedded within the designated COVID-19 general Hospital San Gerardo in Monza, located in Lombardia, Italy. Preventive and control measures specifically undertaken to cope with the emergency within hemato-oncology, transplant, and outpatient unit in the pediatric department have been described. Preliminary COVID-19 experiences with the first Italian pediatric hemato-oncology patients are reported. The few available data regarding pediatrics and specifically hemato-oncological patients are discussed. The purpose of this report is to share pediatric hemato-oncology issues encountered in the first few weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy and to alert healthcare professionals worldwide to be prepared accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32171865, "pmcid": "PMC7156118", "title": "Clinical and CT imaging features of the COVID-19 pneumonia: Focus on pregnant women and children.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Huanhuan", "Liu, Fang", "Li, Jinning", "Zhang, Tingting", "Wang, Dengbin", "Lan, Weishun"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171865", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia is globally concerning. We aimed to investigate the clinical and CT features in the pregnant women and children with this disease, which have not been well reported. Clinical and CT data of 59 patients with COVID-19 from January 27 to February 14, 2020 were retrospectively reviewed, including 14 laboratory-confirmed non-pregnant adults, 16 laboratory-confirmed and 25 clinically-diagnosed pregnant women, and 4 laboratory-confirmed children. The clinical and CT features were analyzed and compared. Compared with the non-pregnant adults group (n\u202f=\u202f14), initial normal body temperature (9 [56%] and 16 [64%]), leukocytosis (8 [50%] and 9 [36%]) and elevated neutrophil ratio (14 [88%] and 20 [80%]), and lymphopenia (9 [56%] and 16 [64%]) were more common in the laboratory-confirmed (n\u202f=\u202f16) and clinically-diagnosed (n\u202f=\u202f25) pregnant groups. Totally 614 lesions were detected with predominantly peripheral and bilateral distributions in 54 (98%) and 37 (67%) patients, respectively. Pure ground-glass opacity (GGO) was the predominant presence in 94/131 (72%) lesions for the non-pregnant adults. Mixed consolidation and complete consolidation were more common in the laboratory-confirmed (70/161 [43%]) and clinically-diagnosed (153/322 [48%]) pregnant groups than 37/131 (28%) in the non-pregnant adults (P\u202f=\u202f0\u00b7007, P\u202f<\u202f0\u00b7001). GGO with reticulation was less common in 9/161 (6%) and 16/322 (5%) lesions for the two pregnant groups than 24/131 (18%) for the non-pregnant adults (P\u202f=\u202f0\u00b7001, P\u202f<\u202f0\u00b7001). The pulmonary involvement in children with COVID-19 was mild with a focal GGO or consolidation. Twenty-three patients underwent follow-up CT, revealing progression in 9/13 (69%) at 3 days whereas improvement in 8/10 (80%) at 6-9 days after initial CT scans. Atypical clinical findings of pregnant women with COVID-19 could increase the difficulty in initial identification. Consolidation was more common in the pregnant groups. The clinically-diagnosed cases were vulnerable to more pulmonary involvement. CT was the modality of choice for early detection, severity assessment, and timely therapeutic effects evaluation for the cases with epidemic and clinical features of COVID-19 with or without laboratory confirmation. The exposure history and clinical symptoms were more helpful for screening in children versus chest CT."}, {"pmid": 32534175, "title": "Three novel prevention, diagnostic, and treatment options for COVID-19 urgently necessitating controlled randomized trials.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Horowitz, Richard I", "Freeman, Phyllis R"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534175", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic infection with COVID-19 can result in silent transmission to large numbers of individuals, resulting in expansion of the pandemic with a global increase in morbidity and mortality. New ways of screening the general population for COVID-19 are urgently needed along with novel effective prevention and treatment strategies. A hypothetical three-part prevention, diagnostic, and treatment approach based on an up-to-date scientific literature review for COVID-19 is proposed. Regarding diagnosis, a validated screening questionnaire and digital app for COVID-19 could help identify individuals who are at risk of transmitting the disease, as well as those at highest risk for poor clinical outcomes. Global implementation and online tracking of vital signs and scored questionnaires that are statistically validated would help health authorities properly allocate essential health care resources to test and isolate those at highest risk for transmission and poor outcomes. Second, regarding prevention, no validated protocols except for physical distancing, hand washing, and isolation exist, and recently ivermectin has been published to have anti-viral properties against COVID-19. A randomized trial of ivermectin, and/or nutraceuticals that have been published to support immune function including glutathione, vitamin C, zinc, and immunomodulatory supplements (3,6 Beta glucan) could be beneficial in preventing transmission or lessening symptomatology but requires statistical validation. Third, concerning treatment, COVID-19 induced inflammation and \"cytokine storm syndrome\" with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)/Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) have resulted in extreme morbidity and mortality in those with certain comorbidities, secondary to \"acute respiratory distress syndrome\" (ARDS) and multiorgan dysfunction with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Deficiency in red blood cell, serum and alveolar glutathione has been published in the medical literature for ARDS, as well as viral and bacterial pneumonias, resulting from increased levels of free radical/oxidative stress. A randomized controlled trial of blocking NF-\u03baB and cytokine formation using glutathione precursors (N-acetyl-cysteine [NAC] and alpha lipoic acid) and PO/IV glutathione with associated anti-viral effects should be performed, along with an evaluation of Nrf2 activators (curcumin, sulforaphane glucosinolate) which have been scientifically proven to lower inflammation. Since high mortality rates from sepsis induced DIC due to COVID-19 infection has also been associated with thrombotic events and elevated levels of D-dimer, randomized controlled trials of using anticoagulant therapy with heparin is urgently required. This is especially important in patients on ventilators who have met certain sepsis induced coagulopathy (SIC) criteria. The use of acetazolamide with or without sildenafil also needs to be explored with or without heparin, since increased oxygen delivery to vital organs through prevention of thrombosis/pulmonary emboli along with carbonic anhydrase inhibition may help increase oxygenation and prevent adverse clinical outcomes. A three-part prevention, diagnostic, and treatment plan is proposed for addressing the severe complications of COVID-19. Digital monitoring of symptoms to clinically diagnose early exposure and response to treatment; prevention with ivermectin as well as nutritional therapies that support a healthy immune response; treatment with anti-inflammatory therapies that block NF-\u03baB and activate Nrf2 pathways, as well as novel therapies that address COVID-19 pneumonia and ARDS with DIC including anticoagulation and/or novel respiratory therapies with or without acetazolamide and sildenafil. These three broad-based interventions urgently need to be subjected to randomized, controlled trials."}, {"pmid": 32227357, "pmcid": "PMC7228332", "title": "COVID-19 treatment by repurposing drugs until the vaccine is in sight.", "journal": "Drug Dev Res", "authors": ["Phadke, Mrudula", "Saunik, Sujata"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227357", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has created pandemic in the world as declared by WHO on March 12, 2020. It is a viral disease caused by SARS-CoV 2 virus and has affected large populations in over 120 countries. There is no specific treatment available and management is empirical. Until such time that an effective vaccine is available for COVID-19 viral infection, one can repurpose known therapeutic drug molecules such as angiotensin receptor 2 blocker, a commonly used antihypertensive drug, to control COVID-19 virus from gaining entry into the host cell by blocking the angiotensin receptor. Clinical trials should also be undertaken to use statins, which are lipid-lowering drugs but have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties to prevent acute lung injury in COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32383155, "pmcid": "PMC7262011", "title": "Letter to the Editor Re: Coronavirus disease 2019: The harms of exaggerated information and non-evidence-based measures.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Gabutti, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383155", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320516, "pmcid": "PMC7264656", "title": "Scientific research progress of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 in the first five months.", "journal": "J Cell Mol Med", "authors": ["Li, Hua", "Liu, Zhe", "Ge, Junbo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320516", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of pneumonia (COVID-19) cases have been found in Wuhan China in late December, 2019, and subsequently, a novel coronavirus with a positive stranded RNA was identified to be the aetiological virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2), which has a phylogenetic similarity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). SARS-CoV-2 transmits mainly through droplets and close contact and the elder or people with chronic diseases are high-risk population. People affected by SARS-CoV-2 can be asymptomatic, which brings about more difficulties to control the transmission. COVID-19 has become pandemic rapidly after onset, and so far the infected people have been above 2\u00a0000\u00a0000 and more than 130\u00a0000 died worldwide according to COVID-19 situation dashboard of World Health Organization (https://covid19.who.int). Here, we summarized the current known knowledge regarding epidemiological, pathogenesis, pathology, clinical features, comorbidities and treatment of COVID-19/ SARS-CoV-2 as reference for the prevention and control COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32299982, "title": "Government advice needed on TB testing during Covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Biggs, Andrew"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299982", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384228, "title": "A pandemic within our borders, but what about the impact for our people in acute inpatients?", "journal": "J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Muirhead, Christen"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384228", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the Covid-19 pandemic in New Zealand, physical safety and infection control are now the priorities for acute inpatient units. Across the board, the milieu of wards has altered, with seeking to preserve bed spaces admission criteria has become stricter and patients are being fast tracked out of inpatient care with less time to transition back into the community. In order to restrict opportunities for transmission of Covid 19 between patients and the public, wards which previously were unlocked during the day are now locked at all times without use of mental health legislation. Leave from wards has become more difficult to acquire and visitors are not allowed to come into hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32531533, "pmcid": "PMC7269934", "title": "Pandemics and social stigma: Who's next? Italy's experience with COVID-19.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Adja, K Y C", "Golinelli, D", "Lenzi, J", "Fantini, M P", "Wu, E"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531533", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419718, "pmcid": "PMC7225702", "title": "[Acute coronary syndrome and shock in the context of acute COVID-19 infection].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Leon, Aridane Cardenes", "Meneses, Begona Hernandez", "Perez, Andres Sanchez", "Maria Novoa Medina, Jose", "Morun, Pablo Felipe Bujanda", "Lorenzo, Pedro Martin"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419718", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32290904, "pmcid": "PMC7160437", "title": "Roll-out of SARS-CoV-2 testing for healthcare workers at a large NHS Foundation Trust in the United Kingdom, March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Keeley, Alexander J", "Evans, Cariad", "Colton, Hayley", "Ankcorn, Michael", "Cope, Alison", "State, Amy", "Bennett, Tracy", "Giri, Prosenjit", "de Silva, Thushan I", "Raza, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290904", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare workers (HCW) are potentially at increased risk of infection with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and may transmit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to vulnerable patients. We present results from staff testing at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom. Between 16 and 29 March 2020, 1,533 symptomatic HCW were tested, of whom 282 (18%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Testing HCW is a crucial strategy to optimise staffing levels during this outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32374630, "title": "Crucial Conversations with Patients in Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Siropaides, Caitlin Holt", "Sulistio, Melanie S", "Reimold, Sharon Coplen"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374630", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467617, "title": "Serum IgA, IgM, and IgG responses in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Ma, Huan", "Zeng, Weihong", "He, Hongliang", "Zhao, Dan", "Jiang, Dehua", "Zhou, Peigen", "Cheng, Linzhao", "Li, Yajuan", "Ma, Xiaoling", "Jin, Tengchuan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467617", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387301, "pmcid": "PMC7202852", "title": "The CoV-2 outbreak: how hematologists could help to fight Covid-19.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Galimberti, Sara", "Baldini, Chiara", "Barate, Claudia", "Ricci, Federica", "Balducci, Serena", "Grassi, Susanna", "Ferro, Francesco", "Buda, Gabriele", "Benedetti, Edoardo", "Fazzi, Rita", "Baglietto, Laura", "Lucenteforte, Ersilia", "Di Paolo, Antonello", "Petrini, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387301", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a medical emergency, with 20 % of patients presenting with severe clinical manifestations. From the pathogenetic point of view, COVID-19 mimics two other well-known diseases characterized by cytokine storm and hyper-activation of the immune response, with consequent organ damage: acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Hematologists are confident with these situations requiring a prompt therapeutic approach for switching off the uncontrolled cytokine release; here, we discuss pros and cons of drugs that are already employed in hematology in the light of their possible application in COVID-19. The most promising drugs might be: Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, with a rapid and powerful anti-cytokine effect, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), with their good anti-inflammatory properties, and perhaps the anti-Cd26 antibody Begelomab. We also present immunological data from gene expression experiments where TKIs resulted effective anti-inflammatory and pro-immune drugs. A possible combined treatment algorithm for COVID-19 is here proposed."}, {"pmid": 32494927, "pmcid": "PMC7266913", "title": "Histological-ultrasonographical correlation of pulmonary involvement in severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Almeida Monteiro, Renata Aparecida", "de Oliveira, Ellen Pierre", "Nascimento Saldiva, Paulo Hilario", "Dolhnikoff, Marisa", "Duarte-Neto, Amaro Nunes"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494927", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423754, "pmcid": "PMC7200340", "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac CT.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr", "authors": ["Blankstein, Ron"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423754", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379729, "title": "Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Adult Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 - Georgia, March 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Gold, Jeremy A W", "Wong, Karen K", "Szablewski, Christine M", "Patel, Priti R", "Rossow, John", "da Silva, Juliana", "Natarajan, Pavithra", "Morris, Sapna Bamrah", "Fanfair, Robyn Neblett", "Rogers-Brown, Jessica", "Bruce, Beau B", "Browning, Sean D", "Hernandez-Romieu, Alfonso C", "Furukawa, Nathan W", "Kang, Mohleen", "Evans, Mary E", "Oosmanally, Nadine", "Tobin-D'Angelo, Melissa", "Drenzek, Cherie", "Murphy, David J", "Hollberg, Julie", "Blum, James M", "Jansen, Robert", "Wright, David W", "Sewell, William M 3rd", "Owens, Jack D", "Lefkove, Benjamin", "Brown, Frank W", "Burton, Deron C", "Uyeki, Timothy M", "Bialek, Stephanie R", "Jackson, Brendan R"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379729", "countries": ["United States", "Georgia"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first detected in the United States during January 2020 (1). Since then, >980,000 cases have been reported in the United States, including >55,000 associated deaths as of April 28, 2020 (2). Detailed data on demographic characteristics, underlying medical conditions, and clinical outcomes for persons hospitalized with COVID-19 are needed to inform prevention strategies and community-specific intervention messages. For this report, CDC, the Georgia Department of Public Health, and eight Georgia hospitals (seven in metropolitan Atlanta and one in southern Georgia) summarized medical record-abstracted data for hospitalized adult patients with laboratory-confirmed* COVID-19 who were admitted during March 2020. Among 305 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 61.6% were aged <65 years, 50.5% were female, and 83.2% with known race/ethnicity were non-Hispanic black (black). Over a quarter of patients (26.2%) did not have conditions thought to put them at higher risk for severe disease, including being aged \u226565 years. The proportion of hospitalized patients who were black was higher than expected based on overall hospital admissions. In an adjusted time-to-event analysis, black patients were not more likely than were nonblack patients to receive invasive mechanical ventilation\u2020 (IMV) or to die during hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR]\u00a0=\u00a00.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a00.35-1.13). Given the overrepresentation of black patients within this hospitalized cohort, it is important for public health officials to ensure that prevention activities prioritize communities and racial/ethnic groups most affected by COVID-19. Clinicians and public officials should be aware that all adults, regardless of underlying conditions or age, are at risk for serious illness from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32365221, "pmcid": "PMC7267633", "title": "Using IL-2R/lymphocytes for predicting the clinical progression of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Exp Immunol", "authors": ["Hou, H", "Zhang, B", "Huang, H", "Luo, Y", "Wu, S", "Tang, G", "Liu, W", "Mao, L", "Mao, L", "Wang, F", "Sun, Z"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365221", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective laboratory markers for the estimation of disease severity and predicting the clinical progression of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is urgently needed. Laboratory tests, including blood routine, cytokine profiles and infection markers, were collected from 389 confirmed COVID-19 patients. The included patients were classified into mild (n\u00a0=\u00a0168), severe (n\u00a0=\u00a0169) and critical groups (n\u00a0=\u00a052). The leukocytes, neutrophils, infection biomarkers [such as C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and ferritin] and the concentrations of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1] were significantly increased, while lymphocytes were significantly decreased with increased severity of illness. The amount of IL-2R was positively correlated with the other cytokines and negatively correlated with lymphocyte number. The ratio of IL-2R to lymphocytes was found to be remarkably increased in severe and critical patients. IL-2R/lymphocytes were superior compared with other markers for the identification of COVID-19 with critical illness, not only from mild but also from severe illness. Moreover, the cytokine profiles and IL-2R/lymphocytes were significantly decreased in recovered patients, but further increased in disease-deteriorated patients, which might be correlated with the outcome of COVID-19. Lymphopenia and increased levels of cytokines were closely associated with disease severity. The IL-2R/lymphocyte was a prominent biomarker for early identification of severe COVID-19 and predicting the clinical progression of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32462701, "title": "Animal models of mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 pathology.", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Cleary, Simon J", "Pitchford, Simon C", "Amison, Richard T", "Carrington, Robert", "Robaina Cabrera, C Lorena", "Magnen, Melia", "Looney, Mark R", "Gray, Elaine", "Page, Clive P"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462701", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections has led to substantial unmet need for treatments, many of which will require testing in appropriate animal models of this disease. Vaccine trials are already underway, but there remains an urgent need to find other therapeutic approaches to either target SARS-CoV-2 or the complications arising from viral infection, particularly the dysregulated immune response and systemic complications which have been associated with progression to severe COVID-19. At the time of writing, in vivo studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described using macaques, cats, ferrets, hamsters, and transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). These infection models have already been useful for studies of transmission and immunity, but to date only partially model the mechanisms implicated in human severe COVID-19. There is therefore an urgent need for development of animal models for improved evaluation of efficacy of drugs identified as having potential in the treatment of severe COVID-19. These models need to recapitulate key mechanisms of COVID-19 severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and reproduce the immunopathology and systemic sequelae associated with this disease. Here, we review the current models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related disease mechanisms and suggest ways in which animal models can be adapted to increase their usefulness in research into COVID-19 pathogenesis and for assessing potential treatments."}, {"pmid": 32393802, "title": "COVID-19 in Padua, Italy: not just an economic and health issue.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Russo, Francesco Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393802", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513832, "title": "Migrant workers and COVID-19.", "journal": "Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Koh, David"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513832", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Daily numbers of COVID-19 in Singapore from March to May 2020, the cause of a surge in cases in April and the national response were examined, and regulations on migrant worker accommodation studied. Information was gathered from daily reports provided by the Ministry of Health, Singapore Statues online and a Ministerial statement given at a Parliament sitting on 4 May 2020. A marked escalation in the daily number of new COVID-19 cases was seen in early April 2020. The majority of cases occurred among an estimated 295\u2009000 low-skilled migrant workers living in foreign worker dormitories. As of 6 May 2020, there were 17\u2009758 confirmed COVID-19 cases among dormitory workers (88% of 20\u2009198 nationally confirmed cases). One dormitory housing approximately 13\u2009000 workers had 19.4% of residents infected. The national response included mobilising several government agencies and public volunteers. There was extensive testing of workers in dormitories, segregation of healthy and infected workers, and daily observation for fever and symptoms. Twenty-four dormitories were declared as 'isolation areas', with residents quarantined for 14 days. New housing, for example, vacant public housing flats, military camps, exhibition centres, floating hotels have been provided that will allow for appropriate social distancing. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted migrant workers as a vulnerable occupational group. Ideally, matters related to inadequate housing of vulnerable migrant workers need to be addressed before a pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32294763, "title": "[Responsibilities of Weaning Centers during the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak - Recommendations for the Assignment of ICU Capacities in COVID-19 Patients as shown by the Berlin-Brandenburg POST-SAVE-Model].", "journal": "Pneumologie", "authors": ["Wiesner, B", "Bachmann, M", "Blum, T-G", "Forchheim, S", "Geiseler, J", "Kassin, A", "Kretzschmar, E", "Weber-Carstens, S", "Westhoff, M", "Witzenrath, M", "Grohe, C"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294763", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The enormous increase in patients with severe respiratory distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak requires a systematic approach to optimize ventilated patient at risk flow. A standardised algorithm called \"SAVE\" was developed to distribute patients with COVID-19 respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive ventilation. This program is established by now in Berlin. An instrumental bottleneck of this approach is the vacant slot assignment in the intensive care unit to guarantee constant patient flow. The transfer of the patients after acute care treatment is needed urgently to facilitate the weaning process. In a next step we developed a triage algorithm to identify patients at SAVE intensive care units with potential to wean and transfer to weaning institutions\u200a-\u200awe called POST SAVE. This manuscript highlights the algorithms including the use of a standardised digital evaluation tool, the use of trained navigators to facilitate the communication between SAVE intensive care units and weaning institutions and the establishment of a prospective data registry for patient assignment and reevaluation of the weaning potential in the future."}, {"pmid": 32229646, "title": "Staff Mental Health Self-Assessment During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "East Asian Arch Psychiatry", "authors": ["Chung, J P Y", "Yeung, W S"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229646", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380230, "pmcid": "PMC7198428", "title": "Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental well-being amongst individuals in society- A letter to the editor on \"The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic: A review\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Alradhawi, Mohammad", "Shubber, Nour", "Sheppard, Jack", "Ali, Yousif"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380230", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387058, "pmcid": "PMC7177076", "title": "Treatment of primary and metastatic peritoneal tumors in the Covid-19 pandemic. Proposals for prioritization from the RENAPE and BIG-RENAPE groups.", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Glehen, O", "Kepenekian, V", "Bouche, O", "Gladieff, L", "Honore, C"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387058", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic is profoundly changing the organization of healthcare access. This is particularly so for peritoneal neoplastic diseases, for which curative treatment mobilizes substantial personnel, operating room and intensive care resources. The BIG-RENAPE and RENAPE groups have made tentative proposals for prioritizing care provision. A tightening of the usual selection criteria is needed for curative care: young patients with few or no comorbidities and limited peritoneal extension. It is desirable to prioritize disease conditions for which cytoreduction surgery with or without associated hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is the gold-standard treatment, and for which systemic chemotherapy cannot be a temporary or long-term alternative: pseudomyxoma peritonei, resectable malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas, peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin if they are resectable and unresponsive to systemic chemotherapy after up to 12 courses, first-line ovarian carcinomatosis if resectable or in interval surgery after at most six courses of systemic chemotherapy. Addition of HIPEC must be discussed case by case in an expert center. The prioritization of indications must consider local conditions and the phase of the epidemic to allow optimal peri-operative care."}, {"pmid": 32285321, "pmcid": "PMC7152741", "title": "A Call to Action: Novel Ways that Hepatologists Can Contribute to Patient Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dig Dis Sci", "authors": ["Bloom, Patricia P"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285321", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353191, "pmcid": "PMC7267349", "title": "Response to \"Dose Rationale for Favipiravir Use in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2\".", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Du, Yin-Xiao", "Chen, Xiao-Ping"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353191", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484901, "title": "Re The source of elevated plasma D-dimer levels in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Hunt, Beverley J", "Levi, Marcel"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484901", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Markedly elevated levels D-dimers are seen in severe COVID-19 infection and have been related to a poor prognosis 1-2 . D-dimers are elevated alongside other acute inflammatory plasma markers such as fibrinogen, CRP and serum ferritin 1 . The elevation of plasma D-dimers has been taken to indicate there is a coagulopathy2 , and the assumption has been made that the increased fibrinolysis is secondary (due to thrombin generation) indeed an indication of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)."}, {"pmid": 32402534, "pmcid": "PMC7183960", "title": "Post-intensive care syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Castro, A", "Garcia de Lorenzo, A", "Escudero-Acha, P", "Rodriguez-Borregan, J C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402534", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378252, "pmcid": "PMC7261991", "title": "A phased approach to unlocking during the COVID-19 pandemic-Lessons from trend analysis.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Stedman, Mike", "Davies, Mark", "Lunt, Mark", "Verma, Arpana", "Anderson, Simon G", "Heald, Adrian H"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378252", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has led to radical political control of social behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to explore data trends from the pandemic regarding infection rates/policy impact and draw learning points for informing the unlocking process. The daily published cases in England in each of 149 Upper Tier Local Authority (UTLA) areas were converted to Average Daily Infection Rate (ADIR), an R value-the number of further people infected by one infected person during their infectious phase with Rate of Change of Infection Rate (RCIR) also calculated. Stepwise regression was carried out to see what local factors could be linked to differences in local infection rates. By the 19th April 2020 the infection R has fallen from 2.8 on 23rd March before the lockdown and has stabilised at about 0.8 sufficient for suppression. However, there remain significant variations between England regions. Regression analysis across UTLAs found that the only factor relating to reduction in ADIR was the historic number of confirmed number infection/000 population, There is, however, wide variation between Upper Tier Local Authorities (UTLA) areas. Extrapolation of these results showed that unreported community infection may be 150 times higher than reported cases, providing evidence that by the end of the 2nd week in April, 26.8% of the population may already have had the disease and so have increased immunity. Analysis of current case data using infectious ratio has provided novel insight into the current national state and can be used to make better-informed decisions about future management of restricted social behaviour and movement."}, {"pmid": 32221003, "title": "Ensuring animal welfare during Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Aitken, Maureen M"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221003", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302502, "title": "Stone Care Triage During COVID-19 at the University of Washington.", "journal": "J Endourol", "authors": ["Metzler, Ian S", "Sorensen, Mathew D", "Sweet, Robert M", "Harper, Jonathan D"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302502", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393593, "title": "Recognition and management of respiratory coinfection and secondary bacterial pneumonia in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Wu, Chao-Ping", "Adhi, Fatima", "Highland, Kristin"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393593", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pathophysiology of COVID-19 is not fully known. Respiratory infection caused by more than one viral pathogen (viral co-infection) or both viral and bacterial pathogens (combined viral and bacterial pneumonia) have been described. Secondary bacterial pneumonia can follow the initial phase of viral respiratory infection or occur during the recovery phase. No obvious pattern or guidelines exist for viral coinfection, combined viral and bacterial pneumonia, or secondary bacterial pneumonia in the context of SARS-CoV-2. Based on existing clinical data and experience with similar viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV, the management approach in the context of COVID-19 should, ideally, take into consideration the overall presentation as well as the trajectory of illness."}, {"pmid": 32506743, "title": "No current evidence supporting risk of using Ibuprofen in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo", "do Nascimento-Junior, Edmundo Marques", "Santana Santos, Victor"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506743", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel RNA virus that infects cells expressing the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor and is associated with an acute respiratory disease named COVID-19. It has been hypothesized that ACE2 expression can be increased by Ibuprofen leading to a higher risk for severe COVID-19 (1). Despite the reasonable mechanistic background and results from studies suggesting that Ibuprofen may be associated with complications of community-acquired pneumonia in children (2,3), there is no current evidence that this NSAID aggravates a SARS-CoV-2 infection in any age group."}, {"pmid": 32220590, "pmcid": "PMC7118448", "title": "Physical exercise as therapy to fight against the mental and physical consequences of COVID-19 quarantine: Special focus in older people.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Jimenez-Pavon, David", "Carbonell-Baeza, Ana", "Lavie, Carl J"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220590", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233935, "pmcid": "PMC7200870", "title": "COVID-19: is the ACE2 just a foe?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Jakovac, Hrvoje"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233935", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322892, "pmcid": "PMC7188144", "title": "Esophageal oncologic surgery in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) emergency.", "journal": "Dis Esophagus", "authors": ["Barbieri, Lavinia", "Talavera Urquijo, Eider", "Parise, Paolo", "Nilsson, Magnus", "Reynolds, John V", "Rosati, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322892", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371437, "title": "Covid-19: Are chest compressions an aerosol generating procedure or not?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Hassan, Zack As"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371437", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302998, "pmcid": "PMC7164328", "title": "Editorial. Task shifting and task sharing for neurosurgeons amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Robertson, Faith C", "Lippa, Laura", "Broekman, Marike L D"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302998", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282262, "title": "Treatment considerations for coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Hosp Pract (1995)", "authors": ["Reilly, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282262", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340091, "title": "[Epidemic characteristics and trend analysis of the COVID-19 in Hubei province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Song, Y", "Liu, M", "Jia, W P", "Wang, S S", "Cao, W Z", "Han, K", "Yang, S S", "Li, J", "Chen, Z", "He, Y"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340091", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: By describing and analyzing the epidemic characteristics and trends of the attack rate, the crude mortality and relevant indexes in Hubei province during the pandemic of COVID-19 to provide comprehensive evaluations of the epidemic trends and the effects of intervention measures. Methods: Based on the case data reported in Hubei province during the COVID-19 epidemic, combined with the important time of major interventions and event, the cumulative attack rate, the sequential increase rate of new cases, baseline increase rate of new cases, the observation- confirmed case conversion rate, the cumulative crude mortality, the daily severe case rate, and the ratio of death to severe were used to describe and analyze the epidemic characteristics in different phases of the COVID-19 epidemic. Results: The epidemic experienced an outbreak phase from January 10 to February 3 with large amount of case reported, a peak phase from February 4 to February 19 with continuous increasing number of new cases and deaths, a platform phase from February 20 to March 3 with balanced diagnosis and treatment number, and a descending phase from March 4 to March 18 with decreased diagnosis and increased treatment number. Up to March 18, the cumulative attack rate of the COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei province increased from 0.03/10 000 on January 19 to 11.46/10 000, from 0.04/10 000 on January 10 to 45.13/10 000 in Wuhan city, and from 0.002/ 10 000 on January 20 to 3.70/ 10 000 in other areas of Hubei province other than Wuhan city. The increase rate of new cases fluctuated during the epidemic period and reached the highest at February 12 in Hubei province. The cumulative crude mortality in Hubei Province increased rapidly from 1.01% on January 19 to 5.13% on January 26, then decreased to 2.54% on February 13, and then slowly increased to 4.62% on March 18, and similar trend was also observed in Wuhan city. The daily severe rate in Hubei Province increased from 26.88% on January 27 to 34.27% on March 18. The ratio of death to severe decreased from 7.37% on January 23 to 0.35% on March 18. Conclusions: The epidemic cycle of COVID-19 in Hubei province proposed to be 60 days, which was about 1.76 times of the combination of the longest incubation period or isolation period (14 d) and the average hospitalization time of confirmed patients in Hubei province (20 d). It suggested that the major anti-epidemic decisions made in China were effective."}, {"pmid": 32321905, "title": "Neuropsychiatric adverse events of chloroquine: a real-world pharmacovigilance study using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Sato, Kenichiro", "Mano, Tatsuo", "Iwata, Atsushi", "Toda, Tatsushi"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321905", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late March and early April 2020, the antimalarial drug, chloroquine, has been approved as an emergency treatment for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States and in Europe. Although infrequent, neuropsychiatric symptoms have been reported in patients who received chloroquine for the treatment of malaria or autoimmune diseases. In this study, aiming to investigate these adverse events (AEs) using a large self-reporting database, we conducted a disproportionality analysis for the detection of neuropsychiatric AE signals associated with the use of chloroquine (or hydroxychloroquine), reported to FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database between the fourth quarter of 2012 and the fourth quarter of 2019. We included 2,389,474 AE cases, among which 520 cases developed neuropsychiatric AE following the use of chloroquine. Adjusted reporting odds ratio (ROR) for the development of each of the neuropsychiatric AEs following the use of chloroquine was calculated using a multilevel model: exposure to chloroquine was associated with a statistically significant high reporting of amnesia, delirium, hallucinations, depression, and loss of consciousness, (lower 95% confidence interval of the adjusted ROR > 1), although the degree of increase in their ROR was limited. There was no statistically significant high reporting of any other neuropsychiatric AE, including suicide, psychosis, confusion, and agitation. Current pharmacovigilance study results did not suggest any potential link between the use of chloroquine and an increased risk of suicide, psychosis, confusion, and agitation, which would be informative during the emergency use of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32407564, "pmcid": "PMC7272940", "title": "Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: Family cluster of Urticarial Rash.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Cepeda-Valdes, R", "Carrion-Alvarez, D", "Trejo-Castro, A", "Hernandez-Torre, M", "Salas-Alanis, J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407564", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is rapidly spread across the world. Many clinical manifestations of the virus are described, and new symptoms are emerging, only few cases of patients with skin manifestation were described since the pandemic was announced by the WHO on March. Common clinical features of COVID-19 reported include fever, cough, myalgia, fatigue, headache, shortness of breath and diarrhea."}, {"pmid": 32495339, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): strengthening our resolve to achieve universal palliative care.", "journal": "Int Nurs Rev", "authors": ["Rosa, William E", "Davidson, Patricia M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495339", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we strongly advocate for universal palliative care access during the COVID-19 pandemic. The delivery of universal palliative care services has been called for by leading global health organizations and experts. Nurses are critical to realizing this goal. COVID-19 diagnoses and fatalities continue to rise, underscoring the importance of palliative care, particularly in the context of scant resources. To inform the writing of this paper, we undertook a review of the COVID-19 and palliative care literature and drew on our experiences. It is very clear that investment in nurses is needed to ensure appropriate palliative care services now and into the future. Avoiding futile interventions and alleviating suffering is an ethical imperative for nurses regardless of the setting. Multi-level practices and policies to foster the delivery of safe, high-quality palliative care for all are urgently needed."}, {"pmid": 32127353, "title": "Covid-19: UK could delay non-urgent care and call doctors back from leave and retirement.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127353", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405124, "pmcid": "PMC7217794", "title": "Considerations for Management of Longitudinal Melanonychia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Perspective.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Lipner, Shari R", "Iorizzo, Matilde", "Jellinek, Nathaniel", "Piraccini, Bianca Maria", "Scher, Richard K"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405124", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245784, "pmcid": "PMC7164391", "title": "A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Yuan, Meng", "Wu, Nicholas C", "Zhu, Xueyong", "Lee, Chang-Chun D", "So, Ray T Y", "Lv, Huibin", "Mok, Chris K P", "Wilson, Ian A"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245784", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now become a pandemic, but there is currently very little understanding of the antigenicity of the virus. We therefore determined the crystal structure of CR3022, a neutralizing antibody previously isolated from a convalescent SARS patient, in complex with the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein at 3.1-angstrom resolution. CR3022 targets a highly conserved epitope, distal from the receptor binding site, that enables cross-reactive binding between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Structural modeling further demonstrates that the binding epitope can only be accessed by CR3022 when at least two RBDs on the trimeric S protein are in the \"up\" conformation and slightly rotated. These results provide molecular insights into antibody recognition of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32430344, "title": "Low-fidelity simulation of medical emergency and cardiac arrest responses in a suspected COVID-19 patient - an interim report.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Wenlock, Rhys D", "Arnold, Amy", "Patel, Hiten", "Kirtchuk, David"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430344", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 poses many challenges to healthcare systems and workers. Responding to medical emergencies in patients with suspected COVID-19 will require new guidelines and protocols. Simulation can support their development. We organised seven simulations involving patients with suspected COVID-19 for staff at Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals. Participants completed pre- and post-simulation questionnaires. Fifty-six staff participated and they reported being significantly less prepared to respond to an emergency in a patient with suspected COVID-19 than in one in whom it is not suspected. The simulations significantly improved the participants' confidence in responding to emergencies in patients with suspected COVID-19. Numerous challenges were identified along the themes of equipment, personnel, communication and procedures. Low-fidelity simulation can provide relevant and timely information on how prepared health systems and their workforce are to respond to emergencies. We urge NHS trusts nationally to implement simulations to identify problems and develop effective solutions."}, {"pmid": 32527730, "title": "Infection rate and clinical management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience from a tertiary care hospital in northern Italy.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Fong, Dominic", "Rauch, Simon", "Petter, Christian", "Haspinger, Eva", "Alber, Monika", "Mitterer, Manfred"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527730", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Optimal management of patients with cancer during COVID-19 pandemic is still pending. Our patients were advised to maintain their scheduled appointments, and planned cancer treatment was continued without unnecessary delays in an outpatient setting. Additional strict preventive infection measures were rapidly implemented at our outpatient department. When COVID-19 test became widely available, universal testing of healthcare workers and vigorous screening of all patients coming to our facility for COVID-19 infection were performed by SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription PCR on rhinopharyngeal swab. As of the data cut-off on 9 April 2020, a total of 156 oncology patients with a median age of 67 (range 26-86) years and 63 haematology patients (median age 69 years, range 23-89) were screened for COVID-19 during active cancer treatment. Prevalence (1.8%; 4/219) of COVID-19 in patients with cancer was significantly higher compared with a respective control group of asymptomatic counterparts (p=0.018). Outcomes of COVID-19 positive patients were good, with only one observed death due to progression of advanced metastatic disease. Our data indicate that continuation of anticancer treatment in epidemic areas during the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be safe and feasible, if adequate and strict preventive measures are vigorously and successfully carried out."}, {"pmid": 32479748, "pmcid": "PMC7256538", "title": "Analysis of clinical and demographic heterogeneity of patients dying from COVID-19 in Brazil versus China and Italy.", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Oliveira, Maria Helena Santos de", "Wong, Johnny", "Lippi, Giuseppe", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479748", "countries": ["China", "Brazil", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368737, "pmcid": "PMC7193140", "title": "Preventing COVID-19-induced pneumonia with anticytokine therapy.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Monteleone, Giovanni", "Sarzi-Puttini, Pier Carlo", "Ardizzone, Sandro"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368737", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510719, "title": "Intramatricial methotrexate for treatment of resistant acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau: an alterative in Covid-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Jindal, Anuradha", "Ramesh, Sandhiya", "Noronha, Malcom", "Pai, Kantilatha", "Pai, Sathish"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510719", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401043, "title": "Conserved High Free Energy Sites in Human Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein Backbones.", "journal": "J Comput Biol", "authors": ["Penner, Robert C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401043", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    Methods previously developed by the author are applied to uncover several sites of interest in the spike glycoproteins of all known human coronaviruses (hCoVs), including SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19. The sites comprise three-dimensional neighborhoods of peptides characterized by four key properties: (1) they pinpoint regions of high free energy in the backbone whose obstruction might interrupt function; (2) by their very definition, they occur rarely in the universe of all gene-encoded proteins that could obviate host response to compounds designed for their interference; (3) they are common to all known hCoV spikes, possibly retaining activity in light of inevitable viral mutation; and (4) they are exposed in the molecular surface of the glycoprotein. These peptides in SARS-CoV-2 are given by the triples of residues (131, 117, 134), (203, 227, 228), and (1058, 730, 731) in its spike.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32473727, "pmcid": "PMC7218390", "title": "Protecting staff and patients during airway management in the COVID-19 pandemic: are intubation boxes safe?", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Gould, Carla L", "Alexander, Peter D G", "Allen, Claire N", "McGrath, Brendan A", "Shelton, Clifford L"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473727", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437918, "pmcid": "PMC7211655", "title": "Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Treated with Endovascular Repair in a Patient with Active COVID-19 Infection during the Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Shih, Michael", "Swearingen, Bruce", "Rhee, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437918", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a patient who presented with acute abdominal pain during the COVID-19 pandemic. His work-up revealed rupture of a 5.8\u00a0cm abdominal aortic aneurysm. He also had fever, cough, and shortness of breath and radiologic evidence of COVID-19 infection. After careful consideration, he underwent successful endovascular repair under local anesthesia with good short-term results."}, {"pmid": 32467531, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic update.", "journal": "Med J Malaysia", "authors": ["Rampal, L"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467531", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No abstract provided."}, {"pmid": 32404711, "pmcid": "PMC7268864", "title": "Emerging Attack and Management Strategies for Nuclear Medicine in Responding to COVID-19-ACNM Member Experience and Advice.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Lu, Yang", "Zhu, Xiaohua", "Yan, Sean Xuexian", "Lan, Xiaoli"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404711", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as \"global pandemic,\" it is important for everyone, including nuclear medicine personnel, to know how to stop transmission, contain, and prevent the spread of COVID-19. We reach out to our ACNM (American College of Nuclear Medicine) international members from Wuhan, China and Singapore, who have participated in dealing with COVID-19 for the last 2 months, to learn from their lessons and experiences, so to provide advice to all ACNM members for their clinical practice and management strategies in responding to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32318891, "pmcid": "PMC7173353", "title": "Sonographic signs and patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Ultrasound J", "authors": ["Volpicelli, Giovanni", "Gargani, Luna"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318891", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of COVID-19 is seriously challenging the medical organization in many parts of the world. This novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2 has a specific tropism for the low respiratory airways, but causes severe pneumonia in a low percentage of patients. However, the rapid spread of the infection during this pandemic is causing the need to hospitalize a high number of patients. Pneumonia in COVID-19 has peculiar features and can be studied by lung ultrasound in the early approach to suspected patients. The sonographic signs are non-specific when considered alone, but observation of some aspects of vertical artifacts can enhance the diagnostic power of the ultrasound examination. Also, the combination of sonographic signs in patterns and their correlation with blood exams in different phenotypes of the disease\u00a0may allow for a reliable characterization and be of help in triaging and admitting patients."}, {"pmid": 32222587, "pmcid": "PMC7152895", "title": "Preparing for the COVID-19 Pandemic: Our Experience in New York.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Hasan, Zubair", "Narasimhan, Mangala"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222587", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424314, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19-like disease in cynomolgus macaques.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Le Bras, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424314", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394407, "pmcid": "PMC7213942", "title": "Incidental finding of COVID-19 pulmonary infiltrates on SPECT/CT attenuation correction CT.", "journal": "J Nucl Cardiol", "authors": ["Hindle-Katel, William", "Oen-Hsiao, Joyce", "Lussnig, Erich", "Miller, Edward J"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394407", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396988, "pmcid": "PMC7273058", "title": "COVID-19, sweat, tears... and myopia?", "journal": "Clin Exp Optom", "authors": ["Navel, Valentin", "Beze, Steven", "Dutheil, Frederic"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396988", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352150, "title": "Age, comorbidity, frailty status: effects on disposition and resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Nickel, Christian Hans", "Rueegg, Marco", "Pargger, Hans", "Bingisser, Roland"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361513, "pmcid": "PMC7169902", "title": "Where do we stand with antithrombotic prophylaxis in patients with COVID-19?", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Ciavarella, Alessandro", "Peyvandi, Flora", "Martinelli, Ida"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361513", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387321, "pmcid": "PMC7204688", "title": "Psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant women.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Saccone, Gabriele", "Florio, Alessia", "Aiello, Federica", "Venturella, Roberta", "De Angelis, Maria Chiara", "Locci, Mariavittoria", "Bifulco, Giuseppe", "Zullo, Fulvio", "Di Spiezio Sardo, Attilio"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387321", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366504, "title": "Preventing psychological injury during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Roycroft, Matthew", "Wilkes, Daniel", "Fleming, Simon", "Pattani, Shriti", "Olsson-Brown, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366504", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319129, "pmcid": "PMC7264548", "title": "Managing childhood allergies and immunodeficiencies during respiratory virus epidemics - The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic: A statement from the EAACI-section on pediatrics.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Brough, Helen A", "Kalayci, Omer", "Sediva, Anna", "Untersmayr, Eva", "Munblit, Daniel", "Rodriguez Del Rio, Pablo", "Vazquez-Ortiz, Marta", "Arasi, Stefania", "Alvaro-Lozano, Montserrat", "Tsabouri, Sophia", "Galli, Elena", "Beken, Burcin", "Eigenmann, Philippe A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319129", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the world is facing an unprecedented pandemic with COVID-19, patients with chronic diseases need special attention and if warranted adaptation of their regular treatment plan. In children, allergy and asthma are among the most prevalent non-communicable chronic diseases, and healthcare providers taking care of these patients need guidance. At the current stage of knowledge, children have less severe symptoms of COVID-19, and severe asthma and immunodeficiency are classified as risk factors. In addition, there is no evidence that currently available asthma and allergy treatments, including antihistamines, corticosteroids, and bronchodilators, increase the risk of severe disease from COVID-19. Most countries affected by COVID-19 have opted for nationwide confinement, which means that communication with the primary clinician is often performed by telemedicine. Optimal disease control of allergic, asthmatic, and immunodeficient children should be sought according to usual treatment guidelines. This statement of the EAACI Section on Pediatrics puts forward six recommendations for the management of childhood allergies and immunodeficiencies based on six underlying facts and existing evidence."}, {"pmid": 32265307, "pmcid": "PMC7144262", "title": "Early consensus management for non-ICU acute respiratory failure SARS-CoV-2 emergency in Italy: from ward to trenches.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Vitacca, Michele", "Nava, Stefano", "Santus, Pierachille", "Harari, Sergio"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265307", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317557, "pmcid": "PMC7217117", "title": "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Treatment of Severe Pulmonary and Cardiac Compromise in COVID-19: Experience with 32 patients.", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Jacobs, Jeffrey P", "Stammers, Alfred H", "St Louis, James", "Hayanga, J W Awori", "Firstenberg, Michael S", "Mongero, Linda B", "Tesdahl, Eric A", "Rajagopal, Keshava", "Cheema, Faisal H", "Coley, Tom", "Badhwar, Vinay", "Sestokas, Anthony K", "Slepian, Marvin J"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317557", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As COVID-19 cases surge worldwide, an urgent need exists to enhance our understanding of the role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the management of severely ill patients with COVID-19 who develop acute respiratory and cardiac compromise refractory to conventional therapy. The purpose of this manuscript is to review our initial clinical experience in 32 patients with confirmed COVID-19 treated with ECMO.A multi-institutional registry and database was created and utilized to assess all patients who were supported with ECMO provided by SpecialtyCare. Data captured included patient characteristics, pre-COVID-19 risk factors and comorbidities, confirmation of COVID-19 diagnosis, features of ECMO support, specific medications utilized to treat COVID-19, and short-term outcomes through hospital discharge. This analysis includes all of our patients with COVID-19 supported with ECMO, with an analytic window starting March 17, 2020 when our first COVID-19 patient was placed on ECMO, and ending April 9, 2020.During the 24 days of this study, 32 consecutive patients with COVID-19 were placed on ECMO at 9 different hospitals. As of the time of analysis, 17 remain on ECMO, 10 died prior to or shortly after decannulation, and 5 are alive and extubated after removal from ECMO, with one of these 5 discharged from the hospital. Adjunctive medication in the surviving patients while on ECMO was as follows: 4 of 5 survivors received intravenous steroids, 3 of 5 survivors received antiviral medications (Remdesivir), 2 of 5 survivors were treated with anti-interleukin-6-receptor monoclonal antibodies (Tocilizumab or Sarilumab), and 1 of 5 survivors received hydroxychloroquine.An analysis of 32 COVID-19 patients with severe pulmonary compromise supported with ECMO suggests that ECMO may play a useful role in salvaging select critically ill patients with COVID-19. Additional patient experience and associated clinical and laboratory data must be obtained to further define the optimal role of ECMO in patients with COVID-19 and ARDS. These initial data may provide useful information to help define the best strategies to care for these challenging patients, and may also provide a framework for much-needed future research about the use of ECMO to treat patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32393876, "title": "How fake news about coronavirus became a second pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393876", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222883, "pmcid": "PMC7103107", "title": "Chronic kidney disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.", "journal": "Int Urol Nephrol", "authors": ["Henry, Brandon Michael", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222883", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528613, "pmcid": "PMC7266479", "title": "Public trust in the time of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): the case of the DR Congo.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Whembolua, Guy-Lucien", "Tshiswaka, Daudet Ilunga"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528613", "countries": ["Congo"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over the past half century, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a low-income and post-conflict country, has experienced several Ebola Virus Disease outbreaks, with different fatality rates. The DRC is currently experiencing the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Using the PEN-3 cultural model, we assessed the socio-cultural factors affecting public trust in the government and its health agencies. Results of this analysis revealed the perceptions, enablers, and nurturers that impacted public trust in the government and its health agencies among the Congolese population. Future interventions designed to address the COVID-19 in the DRC should account for these socio-cultural factors."}, {"pmid": 32379456, "pmcid": "PMC7241738", "title": "Emerging Biomolecular Testing to Assess the Risk of Mortality from COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Mol Pharm", "authors": ["Mahmoudi, Morteza"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379456", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19) has produced an unprecedented global pandemic. Though the death rate from COVID-19 infection is \u223c2%, many infected people recover at home. Among patients for whom COVID-19 is deadly are those with pre-existing comorbidities. Therefore, identification of populations at highest risk of COVID-19 mortality could significantly improve the capacity of healthcare providers to take early action and minimize the possibility of overwhelming care centers, which in turn would save many lives. Although several approaches have been used/developed (or are being developed/suggested) to diagnose COVID-19 infection, no approach is available/proposed for fast diagnosis of COVID-19 infections likely to be fatal. The central aim of this short perspective is to suggest a few possible nanobased technologies (i.e., protein corona sensor array and magnetic levitation) that could discriminate COVID-19-infected people while still in the early stages of infection who are at high risk of death. Such discrimination technologies would not only be useful in protecting health care centers from becoming overwhelmed but would also provide a powerful tool to better control possible future pandemics with a less social and economic burden."}, {"pmid": 32477419, "pmcid": "PMC7233295", "title": "Psoriasis, biologic therapy, and the pandemic of the 21st century.", "journal": "Drugs Context", "authors": ["Nogueira, Miguel", "Vender, Ron", "Torres, Tiago"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32477419", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic known as coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has quickly spread worldwide, with a significant impact on lives all over the world. The complexity related to the new coronavirus and the clinical syndrome it causes is not yet fully understood. The impact of COVID-19 on patients with psoriasis under biologic agents is continuously being observed in this rapidly changing pandemic. A case-by-case evaluation must be made by dermatologists, and the final decision should be discussed and decided by both the patient and the specialist. Observations reveal that immunosuppressive therapy may have a role in the treatment of this virus, placing emphasis on the scenario of safety through maintenance of therapy with biologic agents, especially when there are no signs or symptoms related to the infection or contact with an infected patient."}, {"pmid": 32493692, "title": "Covid-19: Physical distancing of at least one metre is linked to large reduction in infection.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493692", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497462, "title": "COVID-19: Implications for the Support of People with Social Care Needs in England.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Comas-Herrera, Adelina", "Fernandez, Jose-Luis", "Hancock, Ruth", "Hatton, Chris", "Knapp, Martin", "McDaid, David", "Malley, Juliette", "Wistow, Gerald", "Wittenberg, Raphael"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497462", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This perspective examines the challenge posed by COVID-19 for social care services in England and describes responses to this challenge. People with social care needs experience increased risks of death and deteriorating physical and mental health with COVID-19. Social isolation introduced to reduce COVID-19 transmission may adversely affect well-being. While the need for social care rises, the ability of families and social care staff to provide support is reduced by illness and quarantine, implying reductions in staffing levels. Consequently, COVID-19 could seriously threaten care availability and quality. The government has sought volunteers to work in health and social care to help address the threat posed by staff shortages at a time of rising need, and the call has achieved an excellent response. The government has also removed some barriers to effective coordination between health and social care, while introducing measures to promote the financial viability of care providers. The pandemic presents unprecedented challenges that require well-co-coordinated responses across central and local government, health services, and non-government sectors."}, {"pmid": 32391986, "title": "Association of COVID-19 With Intimate Partner Violence.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Yahya, Ahmed Saeed", "Khawaja, Shakil", "Chukwuma, Jude"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391986", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349032, "title": "Use of Radiographic Features in COVID-19 Diagnosis: Challenges and Perspectives.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chen, Sin-Guang", "Chen, Ju-Yu", "Yang, Yi-Ping", "Chien, Chian-Shiu", "Wang, Mong-Lien", "Lin, Liang-Ting"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349032", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid surge and wide-spread of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) overshadows the entire medical industries worldwide. The stringent medical resources hinder the diagnostic capacity globally, while 84 thousands of new cases confirmed within a single day of 14 April 2020. Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with is the current first-line diagnosis, but the false-negative rate remains concerned. Radiographic technologies and tools, including Computed tomography (CT) and Chest X-ray (CXR), were applied for initial screening and follow-up, from which provides detail diagnosis with specific pathologic features for staging and treatment arrangement. Although the radiographic imaging is found less sensitive, numerous CT-positive patients were not screened out by RT-PCR initially and later confirmed as COVID-19 positive. Besides, the shortage of sampling kits and the longer turn-over time of PCR examinations in some areas were noticed due to logistic issues and healthcare burden. In this review, we will discuss the challenges and the future perspectives of using radiographic modalities for COVID-19 diagnosis in view of securing human lives amid the crisis."}, {"pmid": 32335560, "title": "Improving the efficacy of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 may require Zinc additives - A better synergy for future COVID-19 clinical trials.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Shittu, Mujeeb Olushola", "Afolami, Olufemi Ifeoluwa"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335560", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is now officially declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. As of now, there is no known effective pharmaceutical agent against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, several precautionary measures have been prescribed to prevent further spread of the virus, which include avoidance of social gatherings, proper handwashing, frequently disinfecting of used items and surfaces and so on. More recent studies have highlighted the possibility of treating patients infected with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, of which mechanism of action is not completely understood. We seek to draw the attention of the scientific community to the possibility of drastically reducing the effects of the virus on the affected patients and improving clinical trials outcome through the synergistic action of zinc and chloroquine in patients suffering from the coronavirus disease."}, {"pmid": 32522141, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 16 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEST 17 May 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522141", "countries": ["Brazil", "Australia", "India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 17 May 2020: notifications = 7,075; deaths = 100. The incidence of new cases of COVID-19 has reduced dramatically since a peak in mid-March. Social distancing measures, public health action and the reduction in international travel have likely been effective in slowing the spread of the disease, in the Australian community. Testing rates over the past week have increased markedly, with a continued very low proportion of people testing positive. These low rates of detection are indicative of low levels of COVID-19 transmission. It is important that testing rates and community adherence to public health measures remain high to support the continued suppression of the virus, particularly in vulnerable high-risk groups and settings. New cases of COVID-19 are currently being reported by by only some jurisdictions, albeit at relatively low rates. Although case numbers are low, new cases tend to still be a mix of overseas-acquired and locally-acquired infections. Most locally-acquired cases can be linked back to a known case or cluster. Although the proportion of locally-acquired cases has increased, the overall rate of new cases, regardless of place of acquisition, continues to decrease. The crude case fatality rate in Australia remains low (1.4%), compared with the WHO reported global rate (6.9%). The low case fatality rate is likely reflective of high case detection and high quality of health care services in Australia. Deaths from COVID-19 in Australia have occurred predominantly among the elderly and those with comorbidities, with no deaths occurring in those under 40 years. The highest rate of COVID-19 continues to be among people aged 60-79 years. One third of all cases in this age group have been associated with several outbreaks linked to cruise ships. The lowest rate of disease is in young children, a pattern reflected in international reports. Internationally, while the number of new cases each day remains relatively stable at the global level, some areas such as Brazil and India are showing a dramatic rise in reported cases. Although some low-income countries have so far reported few cases, it is possible that this is due to limited diagnostic and public health capacity, and may not be reflective of true disease incidence."}, {"pmid": 32336804, "pmcid": "PMC7174814", "title": "[An Economic Policy Exit Strategy from the Corona Lockdown].", "journal": "Wirtschaftsdienst", "authors": ["Huther, Michael", "Bardt, Hubertus"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336804", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The fight against the coronavirus pandemic has led to an insulation of social and economic life and will have considerable economic consequences. Important areas of the industry and service sectors were partially or completely shutdown. A resumption of activity should happen as soon as possible, once the medical pre-conditions have been established and are met. This requires a clear exit strategy and following several steps to return to previous welfare and growth data levels. After securing survival during this crisis via various liquidity lines and bridging loans, the economy's restart requires the relaunch of public infrastructure, especially of schools and kindergartens. To facilitate a coordinated and synchronised restart of complex industrial value chains, we need clear signals on a planned schedule. A tax policy driven departure signal and a demand side focused growth programme could make an important contribution to a new economic dynamic after the crisis."}, {"pmid": 32301630, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 From the Trenches: A Perspective From New York City.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Gozansky, Elliott K", "Moore, William H"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301630", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The response to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is evolving in New York City. We would like to share our experiences, thoughts, and perspectives on coping with the pandemic. CONCLUSION. This article presents experiences that are meant to help foster discussion as the wave of COVID-19 continues. Thoughtful leadership and careful continuous communication will help us minimize anxiety and frustration during this difficult time."}, {"pmid": 32198191, "title": "Autopsy in suspected COVID-19 cases.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Hanley, Brian", "Lucas, Sebastian B", "Youd, Esther", "Swift, Benjamin", "Osborn, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198191", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan, China has now spread to many countries across the world including the UK with an increasing death toll. This will inevitably lead to an increase in the number of suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related deaths at autopsy. The Royal College of Pathologists has responded to this concern with the release of a briefing on autopsy practice relating to COVID-19. The following article is a summary and interpretation of these guidelines. It includes a description of hazard group 3 organisms, the category to which SARS-CoV-2 has been assigned, a brief description of what is currently known about the pathological and autopsy findings in COVID-19, a summary of the recommendations for conducting autopsies in suspected COVID-19 cases and the techniques for making the diagnosis at autopsy. It concludes by considering the clinicopathological correlation and notification of such cases."}, {"pmid": 32369192, "pmcid": "PMC7267420", "title": "Experiencing Community in a Covid Surge.", "journal": "Hastings Cent Rep", "authors": ["Mukherjee, Debjani"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369192", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As I organize a pile of ethics consult chart notes in New York City in mid-April 2020, I look at the ten cases that I have co-consulted on recently. Nine of the patients were found to be Covid positive. The reasons for the consults are mostly familiar-surrogate decision-making, informed refusal of treatment, goals of care, defining futility. But the context is unfamiliar and unsettling. Bioethicists are in pandemic mode, dusting off and revising triage plans. Patients and potential patients are fearful-of the disease itself and of the amplification of health disparities and inequities. There is so much to contemplate, but as I go through my cases, I worry about disability, about biases and racist stereotypes. In this pandemic, historically marginalized communities are at risk of further disenfranchisement."}, {"pmid": 32383284, "pmcid": "PMC7267179", "title": "Spontaneous coronary artery dissection of the left anterior descending artery in a patient with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Kumar, Kris", "Vogt, Joshua C", "Divanji, Punag H", "Cigarroa, Joaquin E"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383284", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 48-year-old woman with a past medical history of migraines and hyperlipidemia presented due to severe retrosternal chest pain with no other associated signs or symptoms. The patient was hemodynamically stable and was found to have an elevated troponin with electrocardiogram showing no ischemic changes. Computed tomography of the coronary arteries showed a left dominant system with dissection extending from the mid-to-distal left anterior descending (LAD) artery. The patient was subsequently discharged on medical therapy but returned 3\u2009days later due to worsening chest pain. Electrocardiogram revealed inferior and anteroseptal ST segment changes with peak troponin of 14.9 ng/ml (reference range <0.80\u2009ng/ml). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) nasopharyngeal swab was performed prior to urgent coronary angiogram. Coronary angiogram was performed with full personal protective equipment for respiratory and droplet precautions due to pending COVID-19 testing results. Angiogram revealed spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) extending from the ostium of the LAD to the distal vessel. COVID-19 testing returned positive while in intensive care unit. The patient was not a percutaneous coronary intervention candidate due to the extent of the dissection and was not a surgical candidate due to a lack of graftable target and medical management was continued. To our knowledge, this case is the first in which SCAD has been reported in the LAD in a patient with COVID-19 with no other symptoms of respiratory illness or symptoms classically associated with the novel coronavirus. SCAD should be considered on the differential as one of the various cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32182347, "pmcid": "PMC7184438", "title": "Perinatal Transmission of COVID-19 Associated SARS-CoV-2: Should We Worry?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Fan, Cuifang", "Lei, Di", "Fang, Congcong", "Li, Chunyan", "Wang, Ming", "Liu, Yuling", "Bao, Yan", "Sun, Yanmei", "Huang, Jinfa", "Guo, Yuping", "Yu, Ying", "Wang, Suqing"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32182347", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We presented two cases of COVID-19 associated SARS-CoV-2 infection during third trimester of pregnancy. Both mothers and newborns had excellent outcomes. We failed to identify SARS-CoV-2 in all the products of conception and the newborns. This report provided evidence of low risk of intrauterine infection by vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32391911, "pmcid": "PMC7239263", "title": "Safety for all: coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and cardiac surgery: a roadmap to 'phase' 2.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiothorac Surg", "authors": ["Parolari, Alessandro", "di Mauro, Michele", "Bonalumi, Giorgia", "Barili, Fabio", "Garatti, Andrea", "Carretta, Giovanni", "Donato, Daniele", "Pagano, Domenico", "Gerosa, Gino"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282390, "pmcid": "PMC7173086", "title": "Determining Urgent/Emergent status of Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopic Procedures in an Ambulatory Care Setting during the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Additional Factors that need to be considered.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Rah, Kang H", "Platovsky, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282390", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405141, "pmcid": "PMC7218395", "title": "Comment on \"Practice Recommendations for Risk-Adapted Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An ASTRO-ESTRO Consensus Statement\".", "journal": "Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys", "authors": ["Gupta, Tejpal", "Agarwal, Jai Prakash", "Bentzen, Soren M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405141", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32023682, "title": "[2019-nCoV: new challenges from coronavirus].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tian, H Y"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023682", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV in Wuhan, Hubei province of China, at the end of 2019 shaped tremendous challenges to China's public health and clinical treatment. The virus belongs to the \u03b2 genus Coronavirus in the family Corornaviridae, and is closely related to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, causing severe symptoms of pneumonia. The virus is transmitted through droplets, close contact, and other means, and patients in the incubation period could potentially transmit the virus to other persons. According to current observations, 2019-nCoV is weaker than SARS in pathogenesis, but has stronger transmission competence; it's mechanism of cross-species spread might be related with angiotensin-converting enzyme \u2161 (ACE2), which is consistent with the receptor SARS-CoV. After the outbreak of this disease, Chinese scientists invested a lot of energy to carry out research by developing rapid diagnostic reagents, identifying the characters of the pathogen, screening out clinical drugs that may inhibit the virus, and are rapidly developing vaccines. The emergence of 2019-nCoV reminds us once again of the importance of establishing a systematic coronavirus surveillance network. It also poses new challenges to prevention and control of the emerging epidemic and rapidly responses on scientific research."}, {"pmid": 32387041, "pmcid": "PMC7188637", "title": "COVID-19 and Moral Imperialism in Multinational Clinical Research.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Hellmann, Fernando", "Williams-Jones, Bryn", "Garrafa, Volnei"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387041", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A TV debate in April 2020 between two French doctors regarding the benefits of testing a coronavirus vaccine in Africa where there are no masks or treatments available has led to international criticism. This case highlights a problematic ethical double standard in multinational clinical research: trials that would be considered unethical in high income countries (e.g., placebo-controlled where there is an existing treatment) are nonetheless justified in low-and-middle-income countries because the existing standards of care are less (i.e., no access to a treatment). Underlying this ethical double standard in some multinational clinical trials is a moral imperialism and persistent colonialist thinking that must be rejected."}, {"pmid": 32454046, "pmcid": "PMC7245257", "title": "Negative Pressure Tent to Reduce Exposure of Health Care Workers to SARS CoV-2 During Aerosol Generating Respiratory Therapies.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Fox, Thomas H", "Silverblatt, Michael", "Lacour, Alisha", "deBoisblanc, Bennett P"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454046", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315205, "title": "The Obstacle Course of Reperfusion for STEMI in the COVID-19 Pandemics.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Roffi, Marco", "Guagliumi, Giulio", "Ibanez, Borja"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315205", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241685, "pmcid": "PMC7102555", "title": "Climate change, Covid-19, preparedness, and consciousness.", "journal": "Explore (NY)", "authors": ["Schwartz, Stephan A"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241685", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380474, "title": "ENDOCRINOLOGY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19: Management of diabetes insipidus and hyponatraemia.", "journal": "Eur J Endocrinol", "authors": ["Christ-Crain, Mirjam", "Hoorn, Ewout J", "Sherlock, Mark", "Thompson, Chris J", "Wass, John A H"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380474", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has changed the nature of medical consultations, emphasizing virtual patient counseling, with relevance for patients with diabetes insipidus (DI) or hyponatraemia. The main complication of desmopressin treatment in DI is dilutional hyponatraemia. Since plasma sodium monitoring is not always possible in times of COVID-19, we recommend to delay the desmopressin dose once a week until aquaresis occurs allowing excess retained water to be excreted. Patients should measure their body weight daily. Patients with DI admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 have a high risk for mortality due to volume depletion. Specialists must supervise fluid replacement and dosing of desmopressin. Patients after pituitary surgery should drink to thirst and measure their body weight daily to early recognize the development of the postoperative syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD). They should know hyponatraemia symptoms. The prevalence of hyponatraemia in patients with pneumonia due to COVID-19 is not yet known, but seems to be low. In contrast, hypernatraemia may develop in COVID-19 patients in ICU, from different multifactorial reasons, for example, due to insensible water losses from pyrexia, increased respiration rate and use of diuretics. Hypernatraemic dehydration may contribute to the high risk of acute kidney injury in COVID-19. IV fluid replacement should be administered with caution in severe cases of COVID-19 because of the risk of pulmonary oedema."}, {"pmid": 32388676, "pmcid": "PMC7211145", "title": "Glucocorticoid versus immunoglobulin in the treatment of COVID-19-associated fulminant myocarditis.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Kow, Chia Siang", "Hasan, Syed Shahzad"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388676", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380821, "title": "Therapeutic plasma exchange as a rescue therapy in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a case series.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Adeli, Seyed Hasan", "Asghari, Akram", "Tabarraii, Reihane", "Shajari, Rasoul", "Afshari, Sara", "Kalhor, Narges", "Vafaeimanesh, Jamshid"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380821", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381515, "title": "Challenges in chronic paediatric disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease in children.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Ashton, James J", "Batra, Akshay", "Coelho, Tracy A F", "Afzal, Nadeem A", "Beattie, R Mark"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381515", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32092911, "pmcid": "PMC7072294", "title": "Rigidity of the Outer Shell Predicted by a Protein Intrinsic Disorder Model Sheds Light on the COVID-19 (Wuhan-2019-nCoV) Infectivity.", "journal": "Biomolecules", "authors": ["Goh, Gerard Kian-Meng", "Dunker, A Keith", "Foster, James A", "Uversky, Vladimir N"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092911", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently witnessing an outbreak of a new coronavirus spreading quickly across China and affecting at least 24 other countries. With almost 65,000 infected, a worldwide death toll of at least 1370 (as of 14 February 2020), and with the potential to affect up to two-thirds of the world population, COVID-19 is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be a global health emergency. The speed of spread and infectivity of COVID-19 (also known as Wuhan-2019-nCoV) are dramatically exceeding those of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). In fact, since September 2012, the WHO has been notified of 2494 laboratory-confirmed cases of infection with MERS-CoV, whereas the 2002-2003 epidemic of SARS affected 26 countries and resulted in more than 8000 cases. Therefore, although SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 are all the result of coronaviral infections, the causes of the coronaviruses differ dramatically in their transmissibility. It is likely that these differences in infectivity of coronaviruses can be attributed to the differences in the rigidity of their shells which can be evaluated using computational tools for predicting intrinsic disorder predisposition of the corresponding viral proteins."}, {"pmid": 32417024, "pmcid": "PMC7198146", "title": "Ultrasound findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in early and late stages: Two case-reports.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Zieleskiewicz, Laurent", "Duclos, Gary", "Dransart-Raye, Ophelie", "Nowobilski, Nicolas", "Bouhemad, Belaid"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417024", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533108, "title": "Author Correction: Complement as a target in COVID-19?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Risitano, Antonio M", "Mastellos, Dimitrios C", "Huber-Lang, Markus", "Yancopoulou, Despina", "Garlanda, Cecilia", "Ciceri, Fabio", "Lambris, John D"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533108", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32450310, "pmcid": "PMC7243763", "title": "An Australian Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Implications on the Practice of Neurosurgery.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Antony, Joyce", "James, William Thomas", "Neriamparambil, Anna Jolly", "Barot, Dwarkesh Dharmendra", "Withers, Teresa"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450310", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study was designed to assess the impact of public health policy in Australia in response to the coronavirus disease identified in 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the delivery of neurosurgical services. Being essential services, we postulated that there would not be a decrease in elective and emergency neurosurgical presentations and surgeries. This is a prospective, observational, epidemiologic study in strict adherence to the \"STROBE\" (Strengthening The Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. It is a cross-sectional, multicentric study involving 5 tertiary neurosurgical centers to capture all public neurosurgical admissions in Queensland during the past 3 months (February-April, 2020) of significant public health policy changes to combat COVID-19. An analysis of the 1298 admissions for the Queensland population of 5.07 million Australians demonstrated a decrease in the number of elective and emergency admissions. The decline in elective admissions, particularly degenerative spine, benign neoplasms, and vascular pathologies, was a direct response of government strategy to curb activity to urgent surgical interventions only. Moreover, a trend toward fewer emergency admissions was also noted, partly explained by less trauma and also a decline in vascular pathologies including subarachnoid hemorrhage. In comparison with Europe and North America, this study demonstrates the impact of proactive public health measures in Australia that successfully flattened the COVID-19 curve while facilitating ongoing care of acutely unwell neurosurgical patients."}, {"pmid": 32470444, "pmcid": "PMC7255134", "title": "Appointment characteristics in an allergy/immunology practice in the immediate aftermath of COVID-19 restrictions.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Ramsey, Allison", "Yang, Luanna", "Vadamalai, Karthik", "Mustafa, S Shahzad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470444", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419710, "pmcid": "PMC7224655", "title": "Deep venous thrombosis in a non-critically ill patient with novel COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Nauka, Peter C", "Oran, Erick", "Chekuri, Sweta"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419710", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273607, "title": "Virological assessment of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Stower, Hannah"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273607", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250957, "pmcid": "PMC7173241", "title": "Tracking COVID-19 in Europe: Infodemiology Approach.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Mavragani, Amaryllis"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250957", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Germany", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infodemiology (ie, information epidemiology) uses web-based data to inform public health and policy. Infodemiology metrics have been widely and successfully used to assess and forecast epidemics and outbreaks. In light of the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic that started in Wuhan, China in 2019, online search traffic data from Google are used to track the spread of the new coronavirus disease in Europe. Time series from Google Trends from January to March 2020 on the Topic (Virus) of \"Coronavirus\" were retrieved and correlated with official data on COVID-19 cases and deaths worldwide and in the European countries that have been affected the most: Italy (at national and regional level), Spain, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Statistically significant correlations are observed between online interest and COVID-19 cases and deaths. Furthermore, a critical point, after which the Pearson correlation coefficient starts declining (even if it is still statistically significant) was identified, indicating that this method is most efficient in regions or countries that have not yet peaked in COVID-19 cases. In the past, infodemiology metrics in general and data from Google Trends in particular have been shown to be useful in tracking and forecasting outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics as, for example, in the cases of the Middle East respiratory syndrome, Ebola, measles, and Zika. With the COVID-19 pandemic still in the beginning stages, it is essential to explore and combine new methods of disease surveillance to assist with the preparedness of health care systems at the regional level."}, {"pmid": 32513514, "title": "The biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein Pro330-Leu650.", "journal": "Vaccine", "authors": ["Su, Qiu-Dong", "Yi, Yao", "Zou, Ye-Ning", "Jia, Zhi-Yuan", "Qiu, Feng", "Wang, Feng", "Yin, Wen-Jiao", "Zhou, Wen-Ting", "Zhang, Shuang", "Yu, Peng-Cheng", "Bi, Sheng-Li", "Shen, Li-Ping", "Wu, Gui-Zhen"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513514", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 that has been characterized as a pandemic by the WHO. Since the first report of COVID-19 on December 31, 2019, 179,111 cases were confirmed in 160 countries/regions with 7426 deaths as of March 17, 2020. However, there have been no vaccines approved in the world to date. In this study, we analyzed the biological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, Pro330-Leu650 (SARS-CoV-2-SPL), using biostatistical methods. SARS-CoV-2-SPL possesses a receptor-binding region (RBD) and important B (Ser438-Gln506, Thr553-Glu583, Gly404-Aps427, Thr345-Ala352, and Lys529-Lys535) and T (9 CD4 and 11 CD8 T cell antigenic determinants) cell epitopes. High homology in this region between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV amounted to 87.7%, after taking the biological similarity of the amino acids into account and eliminating the receptor-binding motif (RBM). The overall topology indicated that the complete structure of SARS-CoV-2-SPL was with RBM as the head, and RBD as the trunk and the tail region. SARS-CoV-2-SPL was found to have the potential to elicit effective B and T cell responses. Our findings may provide meaningful guidance for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine design."}, {"pmid": 32496413, "title": "Uncommon Presentation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection in a Child.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Manzoni, Paolo", "Loperfido, Bruna", "Eshraghy, Mohamed Reza", "Lingua, Anna", "Polastri, Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496413", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321662, "pmcid": "PMC7161483", "title": "Surgical tracheostomies in Covid-19 patients: important considerations and the \"5Ts\" of safety.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Broderick, Damian", "Kyzas, Panayiotis", "Sanders, Kevin", "Sawyerr, Alistair", "Katre, Chetan", "Vassiliou, Leandros"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321662", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (covid19) pandemic (caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus) is the greatest healthcare challenge in a generation. Clinicians are modifying the way they approach day-to-day procedures. Safety and reduction of transmission risk is paramount. Surgical tracheostomies in covid19 patients are aerosol generating procedures linked with a significant risk of viral contamination. Here, we describe our local approach for these procedures, introducing the \"5Ts\" of safe tracheostomy practice: Theatre set-up, Team Briefing, Transfer of patient, Tracheostomy Procedure, Team Doffing and De-brief. We identify the critical steps of the procedure and explain how we overcome the risks associated with breaking the transfer circuit to attach the patient to the theatre ventilator. We explain our technique to reduce secretion spillage when opening the trachea. We emphasise the importance of closed tracheal suctioning and mouth suctioning prior to patient transfer. We highlight the importance of maintaining a closed circuit throughout the procedure and describe tips on how to achieve this. We summarise the steps of our protocol in an \"easy to reproduce\" way. Finally, we emphasise the importance of communication in a constantly changing environment and challenging circumstances."}, {"pmid": 32386807, "pmcid": "PMC7195105", "title": "COVID-19 response and containment strategies in the US, South Korea, and Iceland: Lessons learned and future directions.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Sen-Crowe, Brendon", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386807", "countries": ["United States", "Iceland", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243612, "title": "WhatsApp messenger as a teledermatology tool during coronavirus disease (COVID-19): from bedside to phone-side.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Jakhar, D", "Kaul, S", "Kaur, I"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217900, "pmcid": "PMC7228449", "title": "High-Resolution Computed Tomography Manifestations of 5 Pediatric Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Comput Assist Tomogr", "authors": ["Liu, Mengqi", "Song, Zongbiao", "Xiao, Kaihu"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217900", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present clinical and chest computed tomography (CT) features of 5 cases of pediatric patients with 2019 novel coronavirus. Two patients had fever and dry cough, whereas the rest of 3 patients were asymptomatic. Three patients had unilateral ground glass opacities with or without consolidation in the subpleural region on high-resolution chest CT, 1 patient had bilateral ground glass opacities, and 1 patient was negative for CT. We note that up to 66.7% asymptomatic patients had pulmonary lesions, so the asymptomatic children with Wuhan contact are recommended to do a 2019 novel coronavirus real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction screening. Unlike adult patients, only a small amount of patients had multilobes affected, so we speculate that the pediatric patients generally have milder CT findings than adults."}, {"pmid": 32462564, "pmcid": "PMC7251802", "title": "Health Disparities and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in the USA.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Khatana, Sameed Ahmed M", "Groeneveld, Peter W"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462564", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345581, "title": "Covid-19: UK's chief scientific officer defends make up of advisory group.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Feinmann, Jane"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345581", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275258, "title": "Exploring the genetics, ecology of SARS-COV-2 and climatic factors as possible control strategies against COVID-19", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Abdullahi, Idris Nasir", "Emeribe, Anthony Uchenna", "Mustapha, Jelili Olaide", "Fasogbon, Samuel Ayobami", "Ofor, Igr Bassey", "Opeyemi, Imodoye Sikiru", "Obi-George, Chibueze", "Sunday, Animasaun Olawale", "Nwofe, Justin"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275258", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world has been thrown into pandemonium due to the recent Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Early available clinical data have indicated that geriatric persons cum those with comorbidity such as cardiovascular, metabolic and immunological disorders suffered severe form of COVID-19. All countries and territories of the world are currently exploring available strategies to control the pandemic with the hope to significantly minimize its morbidity and mortality rate. This present study critically reviewed available and latest research progress on the genetics and ecology of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the influence of climatic factors on the spread of COVID-19, and thus, discussed how these concepts could be harnessed for COVID-19 control and further scientific advancements in resolving the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32414963, "title": "Changes to calf bTB testing during Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414963", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310015, "title": "Cerebrovascular disease is associated with an increased disease severity in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A pooled analysis of published literature.", "journal": "Int J Stroke", "authors": ["Aggarwal, Gaurav", "Lippi, Giuseppe", "Michael Henry, Brandon"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310015", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an urgent need to identify patients at high risk during the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Whether a history of stroke is associated with increased severity of disease or mortality is unknown. We pooled studies from published literature to assess the association of a history of stroke with outcomes in patients with COVID-19. A pooled analysis of 4 studies showed a \u223c2.5-fold increase in odds of severe COVID-19. While a trend was observed, there was no statistically significant association of stroke with mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection. Our findings are limited by a small number of studies and sample size. There is a \u223c2.5-fold increase in odds of severe COVID-19 illness with a history of cerebrovascular disease."}, {"pmid": 32352076, "pmcid": "PMC7189842", "title": "Navigating the Clean Energy Transition in the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Joule", "authors": ["Steffen, Bjarne", "Egli, Florian", "Pahle, Michael", "Schmidt, Tobias S"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352076", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Bjarne Steffen is a senior researcher at ETH Zurich's Energy Politics Group. His research addresses policies related to energy innovation and the role of finance in the energy transition. He previously worked at MIT's Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, the World Economic Forum, and a strategy consultancy. Bjarne holds a Master's in economics from the University of Mannheim and a PhD in energy economics from the University of Duisburg-Essen. Florian Egli is a PhD candidate at ETH Zurich's Energy Politics Group. His research focuses on the role of finance in the energy transition and climate finance more generally. He is a World Economic Forum Global Shaper, is associated with the think tank foraus as its former vice president, and held a Mercator Fellowship on International Affairs in 2015 and 2016. Florian holds a Master's in International Economics from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (IHEID) in Geneva. Michael Pahle is head of the working group \"Climate and Energy Policy\" at the Potsdam-Institute for Climate Impact Research. His research focuses on carbon pricing and power market design. He holds a Master's in Physics from Potsdam University and a PhD in economics from TU Berlin. Tobias S. Schmidt is Assistant Professor and the head of ETH Zurich's Energy Politics Group, an interdisciplinary group analyzing the interaction of energy policy and its underlying politics with technological change in the energy sector. His research covers both developed and developing countries. Tobias holds a Bachelor's and Master's of Science in electrical engineering (energy focus) from the Technical University Munich and a PhD from ETH Zurich in management, technology, and economics."}, {"pmid": 32195703, "pmcid": "PMC7155910", "title": "Precautions for Intubating Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Luo, Mengqiang", "Cao, Shumei", "Wei, Liqun", "Tang, Rundong", "Hong, Shu", "Liu, Renyu", "Wang, Yingwei"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195703", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530326, "title": "Does coronavirus affect the audio-vestibular system? A rapid systematic review.", "journal": "Int J Audiol", "authors": ["Almufarrij, Ibrahim", "Uus, Kai", "Munro, Kevin J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530326", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: This rapid systematic review investigated audio-vestibular symptoms associated with coronavirus.Design: The protocol for the rapid review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews and the review methods were developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the National Institute of Heath quality assessment tools.Study sample: After rejecting more than 2300 records, there were five case reports and two cross-sectional studies that met the inclusion criteria.Results: No records of audio-vestibular symptoms were reported with the earlier types of coronavirus (i.e. severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS] and Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS]). Reports of hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo have rarely been reported in individuals who tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2.Conclusion: Reports of audio-vestibular symptoms in confirmed COVID-19 cases are few, with mostly minor symptoms, and the studies are of poor quality. Emphasis over time is likely to shift from life-threatening concerns to longer-term health-related consequences such as audio-vestibular dysfunction. High-quality studies are needed to investigate the acute effects of COVID-19, as well as for understanding long-term risks, on the audio-vestibular system. Review registration: Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number CRD42020184932)."}, {"pmid": 32338400, "pmcid": "PMC7267278", "title": "Access to evidence-based care for eating disorders during the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Weissman, Ruth S", "Bauer, Stephanie", "Thomas, Jennifer J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338400", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has forced an abrupt change in the delivery of clinical services, including for individuals with an eating disorder. We present this Virtual Issue as a resource for the eating disorder community to showcase research published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders that provides information on effective strategies to help address the challenges arising from COVID-19-related disruptions. Articles included describe original research or systematic reviews on obstacles to health services use and strategies to improve access to care; technological tools to provide or enhance interventions; patients' and clinicians' attitudes or perspectives on using digital tools for clinical care; factors influencing therapeutic alliance; and ideas for improving reach and uptake of digital interventions. We hope that readers will find ways to observe and record their own experiences during this global crisis; the experiences of people at risk for developing or exhibiting an eating disorder; and the experiences of those who care for people with an eating disorder. These lived experiences will be invaluable in formulating hypotheses for future studies in service of advancing the understanding of eating disorders and improving interventions and policies for reducing the burden of suffering attributable to eating disorders."}, {"pmid": 32485437, "pmcid": "PMC7256551", "title": "Image-proven thromboembolism in patients with severe COVID-19 in a tertiary critical care unit in the United Kingdom.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Desborough, Michael J R", "Doyle, Andrew J", "Griffiths, Alexandra", "Retter, Andrew", "Breen, Karen A", "Hunt, Beverley J"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485437", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317503, "title": "Ophthalmology in the time of corona: Measures taken in a tertiary eye care hospital in Rajasthan against COVID-19 spread.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Jain, Prateek", "Pattnaik, Anshuman", "Bhatnagar, Vishal C"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317503", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408776, "title": "Improving the quality of care in pregnancy and childbirth with coronavirus (COVID-19): a systematic review.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Abdollahpour, Sedigheh", "Khadivzadeh, Talat"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408776", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of serious coronavirus epidemic, it is critical that pregnant women not be ignored potentially life-saving interventions. So, this study was designed to improve the quality of care by health providers through what they need to know about coronavirus during pregnancy and childbirth. We conducted a systematic review of electronic databases was performed for published in English, before 25 March 2020. Finally, 29 papers which had covered the topic more appropriately were included in the study. The results of the systematic review of the existing literature are presented in the following nine sections: Symptoms of the COVID-19 in pregnancy, Pregnancy management, Delivery Management, Mode of delivery, Recommendations for health care provider in delivery, Neonatal outcomes, Neonatal care, Vertical Transmission, Breastfeeding. In conclusion, improving quality of care in maternal health, as well as educating, training, and supporting healthcare providers in infection management to be prioritized. Sharing data can help to countries that to prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with the COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32468253, "pmcid": "PMC7255699", "title": "Does gallium-citrate have yet another story to tell? Lessons relevant to the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Zuckier, Lionel S", "Valdivia, Ana Y", "Zamora, Edgar"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468253", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433764, "title": "How Academic Health Systems Can Move Forward Once COVID-19 Wanes.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Shapiro, Steven D", "Rothman, Paul B"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379379, "pmcid": "PMC7267328", "title": "Treatment of nasal bridge ulceration related to protective measures for the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Int Wound J", "authors": ["Sernicola, Alvise", "Chello, Camilla", "Cerbelli, Edoardo", "Adebanjo, Ganiyat Adenike Ralitsa", "Parisella, Francesca Romana", "Pezzuto, Aldo", "Luzi, Fabiola", "De Marco, Gabriella", "Rello, Jordi", "Tammaro, Antonella"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379379", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235517, "pmcid": "PMC7177756", "title": "Healthcare Digitalization and Pay-For-Performance Incentives in Smart Hospital Project Financing.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Moro Visconti, Roberto", "Morea, Donato"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235517", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to explore the impact of healthcare digitalization on smart hospital project financing (PF) fostered by pay-for-performance (P4P) incentives. Digital platforms are a technology-enabled business model that facilitates exchanges between interacting agents. They represent a bridging link among disconnected nodes, improving the scalable value of networks. Application to healthcare public-private partnerships (PPPs) is significant due to the consistency of digital platforms with health issues and the complexity of the stakeholder's interaction. In infrastructural PPPs, public and private players cooperate, usually following PF patterns. This relationship is complemented by digitized supply chains and is increasingly patient-centric. This paper reviews the literature, analyzes some supply chain bottlenecks, addresses solutions concerning the networking effects of platforms to improve PPP interactions, and investigates the cost-benefit analysis of digital health with an empirical case. Whereas diagnostic or infrastructural technology is an expensive investment with long-term payback, leapfrogging digital applications reduce contingent costs. \"Digital\" savings can be shared by key stakeholders with P4P schemes, incentivizing value co-creation patterns. Efficient sharing may apply network theory to a comprehensive PPP ecosystem where stakeholding nodes are digitally connected. This innovative approach improves stakeholder relationships, which are re-engineered around digital platforms that enhance patient-centered satisfaction and sustainability. Digital technologies are useful even for infectious disease surveillance, like that of the coronavirus pandemic, for supporting massive healthcare intervention, decongesting hospitals, and providing timely big data."}, {"pmid": 32284798, "pmcid": "PMC7136675", "title": "How should front-line general practitioners use personal protective equipment (PPE)?", "journal": "Malays Fam Physician", "authors": ["Ambigapathy, S", "Rajahram, G S", "Shamsudin, U K", "Khoo, E M", "Cheah, W K", "Peariasamy, K M", "Goh, P P", "Khor, S K"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284798", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak continues to evolve with the number of cases increasing in Malaysia, placing a significant burden on general practitioners (GPs) to assess and manage suspected cases. GPs must be well equipped with knowledge to set up their clinics, use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) appropriately, adopt standard protocols on triaging and referrals, as well as educate patients about PPE. The correct use of PPE will help GPs balance between personal safety and appropriate levels of public concern."}, {"pmid": 32253225, "title": "Covid-19: NICE advises against using NSAIDs for fever in patients with suspected cases.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253225", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339703, "pmcid": "PMC7195051", "title": "Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Fernandez-Nieto, D", "Jimenez-Cauhe, J", "Suarez-Valle, A", "Moreno-Arrones, O M", "Saceda-Corralo, D", "Arana-Raja, A", "Ortega-Quijano, D"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339703", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410245, "pmcid": "PMC7272974", "title": "The clinical characteristic of eight patients of COVID-19 with positive RT-PCR test after discharge.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cao, Hong", "Ruan, Lei", "Liu, Jian", "Liao, Wenhui"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410245", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The phenomenon of positive real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result of SARS-CoV-2 in recovered patients had occurred and the research about these patients was rare. In our study, we did a retrospective review of medical records from COVID-19 patients admitted to one ward of Tongji Hospital of Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology from 10 February to 13 April 2020. From 10 February to 13 April 2020, there were 108 patients of COVID-19 admitted in the one ward of Tongji Hospital. Among them, eight cases were readmission patients because the RT-PCR result of SARS-CoV-2 was positive again after discharge. On the second admission, they had no symptoms and their chest computed tomography was almost normal. Data from laboratory tests of the readmission patients showed that all eight patients had normal white blood cell count, lymphocyte count. The inflammatory factors like procalcitonin and interleukin 6 were normal. After treatment, two patients met the standard and were discharged. The other six patients were still in the hospital because their RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2 did not get three consecutive negative results and the course of two patients had persisted more than 90 days. We still needed to be alert that these patients could infect other people as a source of infection, and we also needed to be alert that these patients become chronic virus carriers. It also aroused our concern about the discharge standard of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32523870, "pmcid": "PMC7261438", "title": "Successful recovery from critical COVID-19 pneumonia with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Ikuyama, Yuichi", "Wada, Yosuke", "Tateishi, Kazunari", "Kitaguchi, Yoshiaki", "Yasuo, Masanori", "Ushiki, Atsuhito", "Urushihata, Kazuhisa", "Yamamoto, Hiroshi", "Kamijo, Hiroshi", "Mita, Atsuyoshi", "Imamura, Hiroshi", "Hanaoka, Masayuki"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523870", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A public health emergency of current international concern is the outbreak of a severe respiratory illness, that is, coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The disease initially started in Wuhan, China, and it rapidly spread to most regions of the world. Herein, we report a case of critical COVID-19 pneumonia treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from symptom onset day 19 (SOD#19) to SOD#30. We describe the patient's clinical course, from mild symptoms at the time of illness onset to symptoms of severe pneumonia as the illness progressed. We provide important information regarding our clinical experience for further understanding of management discrepancies, as treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or pharmacotherapy (e.g., antivirals, immunomodulators, and glucocorticoids) is often dependent on the severity of symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32360608, "pmcid": "PMC7189847", "title": "Forecasting the timeframe of 2019-nCoV and human cells interaction with reverse engineering.", "journal": "Prog Biophys Mol Biol", "authors": ["Sohail, Ayesha", "Nutini, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360608", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an atypical pneumonia invaded the city of Wuhan, China, and the causative agent of this disease turned out to be a new coronavirus. In January 2020, the World Health Organization named the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV and subsequently it is referred to as SARS-CoV2 and the related disease as CoViD-19 (Lai et\u00a0al., 2020). Very quickly, the epidemic led to a pandemic and it is now a worldwide emergency requiring the creation of new antiviral therapies and a related vaccine. The purpose of this article is to review and investigate further the molecular mechanism by which the SARS-CoV2 virus infection proceeds via the formation of a hetero-trimer between its protein S, the ACE2 receptor and the B0AT1 protein, which is the \"entry receptor\" for the infection process involving membrane fusion (Li et\u00a0al., 2003). A reverse engineering process uses the formalism of the Hill function to represent the functions related to the dynamics of the biochemical interactions of the viral infection process. Then, using a logical evaluation of viral density that measures the rate at which the cells are hijacked by the virus (and they provide a place for the virus to replicate) and considering the \"time delay\" given by the interaction between cell and virus, the expected duration of the incubation period is predicted. The conclusion is that the density of the virus varies from the \"exposure time\" to the \"interaction time\" (virus-cells). This model can be used both to evaluate the infectious condition and to analyze the incubation period. The ongoing threat of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV2 pandemic is alarming and strategies for combating infection are highly desired. This RNA virus belongs to the \u03b2-coronavirus genus and is similar in some features to SARS-CoV. Currently, no vaccine or approved medical treatment is available. The complex dynamics of the rapid spread of this virus can be demonstrated with the aid of a computational framework. A mathematical model based on the principles of cell-virus interaction is developed in this manuscript. The amino acid sequence of S proein and its interaction with the ACE-2 protein is mimicked with the aid of Hill function. The mathematical model with delay is solved with the aid of numerical solvers and the parametric values are obtained with the help of MCMC algorithm. A delay differential equation model is developed to demonstrate the dynamics of target cells, infected cells and the SARS-CoV2. The important parameters and coefficients are demonstrated with the aid of numerical computations. The resulting thresholds and forecasting may prove to be useful tools for future experimental studies and control strategies. From the analysis, I is concluded that control strategy via delay is a promising technique and the role of Hill function formalism in control strategies can be better interpreted in an inexpensive manner with the aid of a theoretical framework."}, {"pmid": 32196707, "pmcid": "PMC7228290", "title": "The clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients coinfected with 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza virus in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ding, Qiang", "Lu, Panpan", "Fan, Yuhui", "Xia, Yujia", "Liu, Mei"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196707", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since then the novel coronavirus pneumonia disease has been spreading quickly and many countries and territories have been affected, with major outbreaks in China, South Korea, Italy, and Iran. Influenza virus has been known as a common pathogen in winter and it can cause pneumonia. It was found clinically that very few patients were diagnosed with both COVID-19 and influenza virus. A total of 5 of the 115 patients confirmed with COVID-19 were also diagnosed with influenza virus infection, with three cases being influenza A and two cases being influenza B. In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics of those patients who got infected with COVID-19 as well as influenza virus. Common symptoms at onset of illness included fever (five [100%] patients), cough (five [100%] patients), shortness of breath (five [100%] patients), nasal tampon (three [60%] patients), pharyngalgia (three [60%] patients), myalgia (two [40%] patients), fatigue (two [40%] patients), headache (two [40%] patients), and expectoration (two [40%] patients). The laboratory results showed that compared to the normal values, the patients' lymphocytes were reduced (four [80%] patients), and liver functions alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (two [40%] patients and two [40%] patients) and C-reactive protein (four [80%] patients) were increased when admitted to hospital. They stayed in the hospital for 14, 30, 17, 12, and 19 days (28.4\u2009\u00b1\u20097.02), respectively. The main complications for the patients were acute respiratory distress syndrome (one [20%] patients), acute liver injury (three [60%] patients), and diarrhea (two [40%] patients). All patients were given antiviral therapy (including oseltamivir), oxygen inhalation, and antibiotics. Three patients were treated with glucocorticoids including two treated with oral glucocorticoids. One of the five patients had transient hemostatic medication for hemoptysis. Fortunately, all patients did not need intensive care unit and were discharged from the hospital without death. In conclusion, those patients with both COVID-19 and influenza virus infection did not appear to show a more severe condition because based on the laboratory findings, imaging studies, and patient prognosis, they showed similar clinical characteristics as those patients with COVID-19 infection only. However, it is worth noting that the symptoms of nasal tampon and pharyngalgia may be more prone to appear for those coinfection patients."}, {"pmid": 32374218, "title": "Spotlight on avian coronaviruses.", "journal": "Avian Pathol", "authors": ["de Wit, J J Sjaak", "Cook, Jane K A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374218", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) mainly cause enteric and/or respiratory signs. Mammalian CoVs including COVID-19 (now officially named SARS-CoV-2) belong to either the Alphacoronavirus or Betacoronavirus genera. In birds, the majority of the known CoVs belong to the Gammacoronavirus genus, whilst a small number are classified as Deltacoronaviruses. Gammacoronaviruses continue to be reported in an increasing number of avian species, generally by detection of viral RNA. Apart from infectious bronchitis virus in chickens, the only avian species in which CoV has been definitively associated with disease are the turkey, pheasant and guinea fowl. Whilst there is strong evidence for recombination between gammacoronaviruses of different avian species, and between betacoronaviruses in different mammals, evidence of recombination between coronaviruses of different genera is lacking. Furthermore, the recombination of an alpha or betacoronavirus with a gammacoronavirus is extremely unlikely. For recombination to happen, the two viruses would need to be present in the same cell of the same animal at the same time, a highly unlikely scenario as they cannot replicate in the same host!"}, {"pmid": 32334820, "pmcid": "PMC7138156", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic and the use of MS disease-modifying therapies.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Giovannoni, Gavin", "Hawkes, Chris", "Lechner-Scott, Jeannette", "Levy, Michael", "Waubant, Emmanuelle", "Gold, Julian"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334820", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383737, "pmcid": "PMC7239225", "title": "The tug-of-war between coagulopathy and anticoagulant agents in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Canonico, Mario Enrico", "Siciliano, Roberta", "Scudiero, Fernando", "Sanna, Giuseppe Damiano", "Parodi, Guido"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383737", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492193, "title": "Potential Neuroinvasive Pathways of SARS-CoV-2: Deciphering the Spectrum of Neurological Deficit Seen in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Baig, Abdul Mannan", "Sanders, Erin C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492193", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Scientists and clinicians must acknowledge that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the potential to attack the human body in multiple ways simultaneously and exploit any weaknesses of its host. A multipronged attack could potentially explain the severity and extensive variety of signs and symptoms observed in patients with COVID-19. Understanding the diverse tactics of this virus to infect the human body is both critical and incredibly complex. Although patients diagnosed with COVID-19 have primarily presented with pulmonary involvement, viral invasion, and injury to diverse end organs is also prevalent and well documented in these patients, but has been largely unheeded. Human organs known for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression including the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, heart, adrenals, brain, and testicles are examples of extra-pulmonary tissues with confirmed invasion by SARS-CoV-2. Initial multiple organ involvement may present with vague signs and symptoms to alert healthcare professionals early in the course of COVID-19. Another example of an ongoing, yet neglected element of the syndromic features of COVID-19, are the reported findings of loss of smell, altered taste, ataxia, headache, dizziness, and loss of consciousness, which suggest a potential for neural involvement. In this review, we further deliberate on the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2, the neurologic symptomology observed in COVID-19, the host-virus interaction, possible routes of SARS-CoV-2 to invade the central nervous system (CNS), other neurologic considerations for patients with COVID-19, and a collective call to action. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32333027, "pmcid": "PMC7181104", "title": "The COVID-19 Registry in Rhineland-Palatinate in the context of international registry activities documenting COVID-19 outcomes.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Gitt, Anselm K", "Bernhardt, Alexandra", "Zahn, Ralf", "Zeymer, Uwe", "Grau, Armin", "Beutel, Manfred E", "Werdan, Karl"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333027", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379079, "pmcid": "PMC7224612", "title": "Tracheotomy in Ventilated Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Chao, Tiffany N", "Braslow, Benjamin M", "Martin, Niels D", "Chalian, Ara A", "Atkins, Joshua H", "Haas, Andrew R", "Rassekh, Christopher H"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379079", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474111, "pmcid": "PMC7255734", "title": "Echocardiographic Findings in Covid-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Mahmoud-Elsayed, Hani M", "Moody, William E", "Bradlow, William M", "Khan-Kheil, Ayisha M", "Hudsmith, Lucy E", "Steeds, Richard P"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474111", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to characterize the echocardiographic phenotype of patients with Covid-19 pneumonia and its relation to biomarkers. Seventy-four patients (59\u00b113 years, 78% male) admitted with Covid-19 were included after referral for transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) as part of routine care. A level 1 British Society of Echocardiography TTE assessed chamber size and function, valvular disease and likelihood of pulmonary hypertension. The chief abnormalities were right ventricular (RV) dilatation (41%) and RV dysfunction (27%). RV impairment was associated with increased D-dimer and CRP levels. In contrast, left ventricular (LV) function was hyper-dynamic or normal in most (89%) patients."}, {"pmid": 32427685, "title": "Rehabilitation Nursing in the Age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Rehabil Nurs", "authors": ["Neal-Boylan, Leslie"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427197, "pmcid": "PMC7228313", "title": "Unprecedented pandemic, unprecedented shift, and unprecedented opportunity.", "journal": "Hum Behav Emerg Technol", "authors": ["Yan, Zheng"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427197", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is currently spreading across the world in an unprecedented way. \"Social distancing\" has become the latest buzzword in the headlines of media covering the COVID-19 pandemic As a result, the widely implemented social distancing measures has generated one unprecedented shift that pushes various types of human social interactions from dominantly offline to dominantly online. This becomes a \"new normal\" in our daily life. For our research community of studying technology-related behavior, the COVID-19 pandemic provides an unprecedented opportunity to join the worldwide efforts to fight against the current pandemic and Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies calls for studies examining how humans behavior with emerging technologies in extreme events such as the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32447797, "title": "The explosion in scabies cases during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kutlu, Omer", "Aktas, Habibullah"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447797", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286019, "title": "Serological Assays for SARS-CoV-2 Infectious Disease: Benefits, Limitations and Perspectives.", "journal": "Isr Med Assoc J", "authors": ["Infantino, Maria", "Damiani, Arianna", "Gobbi, Francesca Li", "Grossi, Valentina", "Lari, Barbara", "Macchia, Donatella", "Casprini, Patrizia", "Veneziani, Francesca", "Villalta, Danilo", "Bizzaro, Nicola", "Cappelletti, Piero", "Fabris, Martina", "Quartuccio, Luca", "Benucci, Maurizio", "Manfredi, Mariangela"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286019", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434807, "title": "COVID-19 serologic testing: FAQs and caveats.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Kadkhoda, Kamran"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434807", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521062, "title": "Headache as the Presenting Symptom in 2 Patients with COVID-19 and a History of Migraine: 2 Case Reports.", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Singh, Jyotika", "Ali, Ashhar"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521062", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has now affected more than five million people globally. Typical symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Patients with underlying medical comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes are more likely to become severely ill. To date there is limited information on how COVID-19 affects patients with a history migraine. Here, we present the cases of 2 women with a history of migraine whose first symptom of COVID-19 was a severe persistent headache."}, {"pmid": 32492142, "title": "Utilising Point of Care Diagnostics to Minimise Nosocomial Infection in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["McDermott, J H", "Stoddard, D", "Ellingford, J M", "Gokhale, D", "Reynard, C", "Black, G", "Body, R", "Newman, W G"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492142", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375887, "pmcid": "PMC7201394", "title": "Challenges in maintaining treatment services for people who use drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Harm Reduct J", "authors": ["Dunlop, Adrian", "Lokuge, Buddhima", "Masters, Debbie", "Sequeira, Marcia", "Saul, Peter", "Dunlop, Grace", "Ryan, John", "Hall, Michelle", "Ezard, Nadine", "Haber, Paul", "Lintzeris, Nicholas", "Maher, Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375887", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of COVID-19 across health services, including treatment services for people who use drugs, is emerging but likely to have a high impact. Treatment services for people who use drugs provide essential treatment services including opiate agonist treatment and needle syringe programmes alongside other important treatment programmes across all substance types including withdrawal and counselling services. Drug and alcohol hospital consultation-liaison clinicians support emergency departments and other services provided in hospital settings in efficiently managing patients who use drugs and present with other health problems.COVID-19 will impact on staff availability for work due to illness. Patients may require home isolation and quarantine periods. Ensuring ongoing supply of opiate treatment during these periods will require significant changes to how treatment is provided. The use of monthly depot buprenorphine as well as moving from a framework of supervised dosing will be required for patients on sublingual buprenorphine and methadone. Ensuring ready access to take-home naloxone for patients is crucial to reduce overdose risks. Delivery of methadone and buprenorphine to the homes of people with confirmed COVID-19 infections is likely to need to occur to support home isolation.People who use drugs are likely to be more vulnerable during the COVID-19 epidemic, due to poorer health literacy and stigma and discrimination towards this group. People who use drugs may prioritise drug use above other health concerns. Adequate supply of clean injecting equipment is important to prevent outbreaks of blood-borne viruses. Opiate users may misinterpret SARS-CoV2 symptoms as opiate withdrawal and manage this by using opioids. Ensuring people who use drugs have access to drug treatment as well as access to screening and testing for SARS-CoV2 where this is indicated is important."}, {"pmid": 32383179, "pmcid": "PMC7267546", "title": "Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection from nasopharyngeal swab samples by the Roche cobas 6800 SARS-CoV-2 test and a laboratory-developed real-time RT-PCR test.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Pujadas, Elisabet", "Ibeh, Nnaemeka", "Hernandez, Matthew M", "Waluszko, Aneta", "Sidorenko, Tatyana", "Flores, Vanessa", "Shiffrin, Biana", "Chiu, Numthip", "Young-Francois, Alicia", "Nowak, Michael D", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto E", "Sordillo, Emilia M", "Cordon-Cardo, Carlos", "Houldsworth, Jane", "Gitman, Melissa R"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383179", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The urgent need to implement and rapidly expand testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has led to the development of multiple assays. How these tests perform relative to one another is poorly understood. We evaluated the concordance between the Roche Diagnostics cobas 6800 SARS-CoV-2 test and a laboratory-developed test (LDT) real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction based on a modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention protocol, for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in samples submitted to the Clinical Laboratories of the Mount Sinai Health System. A total of 1006 nasopharyngeal swabs in universal transport medium from persons under investigation were tested for SARS-CoV-2 as part of routine clinical care using the cobas SARS-CoV-2 test with subsequent evaluation by the LDT. Cycle threshold values were analyzed and interpreted as either positive (\"detected\" or \"presumptive positive\"), negative (not detected), inconclusive, or invalid. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8. The cobas SARS-CoV-2 test reported 706 positive and 300 negative results. The LDT reported 640 positive, 323 negative, 34 inconclusive, and 9 invalid results. When excluding inconclusive and invalid results, the overall percent agreement between the two platforms was 95.8%. Cohen's \u03ba coefficient was 0.904 (95% confidence interval, 0.875-0.933), suggesting almost perfect agreement between both platforms. An overall discordance rate of 4.2% between the two systems may reflect differences in primer sequences, assay limit of detection, or other factors, highlighting the importance of comparing the performance of different testing platforms."}, {"pmid": 32460663, "title": "Access to later abortion in the United States during COVID-19: Challenges and recommendations from providers, advocates, and researchers.", "journal": "Sex Reprod Health Matters", "authors": ["Ruggiero, Samantha", "Brandi, Kristyn", "Mark, Alice", "Paul, Maureen", "Reeves, Matthew F", "Schalit, Odile", "Blanchard, Kelly", "Key, Katherine", "Chandrasekaran, Sruthi"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460663", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226695, "pmcid": "PMC7096066", "title": "Acetazolamide, Nifedipine and Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: Rationale for Their Utilization as Adjunctive Countermeasures in the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Solaimanzadeh, Isaac"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226695", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)\u00a0outbreak are urgently needed. While anti-viral approaches and\u00a0vaccines are being considered\u00a0immediate countermeasures are unavailable. The aim of this article is to outline a perspective on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 in the context of the currently available clinical data published in the literature. This article appreciates clinical data\u00a0published on COVID-19 in the context of another respiratory illness - high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Both conditions have significant similarities that portend pathophysiologic trajectories.\u00a0Following this\u00a0potential treatment options\u00a0emerge. Both COVID-19 and HAPE\u00a0exhibit a decreased ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen\u00a0with concomitant hypoxia and tachypnea. There also appears to be a tendency for low carbon dioxide levels in both as well. Radiologic findings\u00a0of ground glass opacities are present in up to 86% of patients with COVID-19 in addition to patchy infiltrates. Patients with HAPE also exhibit patchy infiltrates throughout the pulmonary fields, often in an asymmetric pattern\u00a0and CT findings reveal increased lung markings and ground glass-like changes as well. Widespread ground-glass opacities are most commonly a manifestation of hydrostatic pulmonary edema. Similarly, elevated fibrinogen levels in both conditions are likely an\u00a0epiphenomenon of edema formation\u00a0rather than coagulation activation. Autopsy results of a COVID-19 fatality revealed bilateral diffuse alveolar damage associated with pulmonary edema, pro-inflammatory concentrates, and indications of early-phase acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). HAPE itself is initially caused by an increase in pulmonary capillary pressure\u00a0and induces altered alveolar-capillary permeability via high pulmonary artery hydrostatic pressures that lead to a protein-rich and mildly hemorrhagic edema. It appears that COVID-19\u00a0and HAPE\u00a0both discretely converge on ARDS. In light of this, a countermeasure that has been shown to be effective in the analogous condition of HAPE is Acetazolamide. Acetazolamide has a myriad of effects on different organ systems, potently reduces hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, improves minute ventilation and expired vital capacity.\u00a0Other therapeutics to consider that are also directed towards decreased pulmonary pressure include Nifedipine and Phosphodiesterase inhibitors. This review describes COVID-19 in parallel to HAPE. Deranged respiratory parameters that are present in both conditions are highlighted. The utilization of medications found to be effective in HAPE, for the treatment of COVID-19, is proposed. Given the medical emergency of a growing contagion and the thousands of lives at stake, expedient attempts to improve survival are needed. Acetazolamide, Nifedipine and Phosphodiesterase inhibitors\u00a0may be potential\u00a0countermeasures."}, {"pmid": 32291207, "pmcid": "PMC7141178", "title": "Suspected myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19: Evidence from front-line clinical observation in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Deng, Qing", "Hu, Bo", "Zhang, Yao", "Wang, Hao", "Zhou, Xiaoyang", "Hu, Wei", "Cheng, Yuting", "Yan, Jie", "Ping, Haiqin", "Zhou, Qing"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291207", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan has caused an outbreak and become a major public health issue in China and great concern from international community. Myocarditis and myocardial injury were suspected and may even be considered as one of the leading causes for death of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we focused on the condition of the heart, and sought to provide firsthand evidence for whether myocarditis and myocardial injury were caused by COVID-19. We enrolled patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 retrospectively and collected heart-related clinical data, mainly including cardiac imaging findings, laboratory results and clinical outcomes. Serial tests of cardiac markers were traced for the analysis of potential myocardial injury/myocarditis. 112 COVID-19 patients were enrolled in our study. There was evidence of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients and 14 (12.5%) patients had presented abnormalities similar to myocarditis. Most of patients had normal levels of troponin at admission, that in 42 (37.5%) patients increased during hospitalization, especially in those that died. Troponin levels were significantly increased in the week preceding the death. 15 (13.4%) patients have presented signs of pulmonary hypertension. Typical signs of myocarditis were absent on echocardiography and electrocardiogram. The clinical evidence in our study suggested that myocardial injury is more likely related to systemic consequences rather than direct damage by the 2019 novel coronavirus. The elevation in cardiac markers was probably due to secondary and systemic consequences and can be considered as the warning sign for recent adverse clinical outcomes of the patients."}, {"pmid": 32264908, "pmcid": "PMC7136995", "title": "First statement on preparation for the COVID-19 pandemic in large German Speaking University-based radiation oncology departments.", "journal": "Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Combs, Stephanie E", "Belka, Claus", "Niyazi, Maximilian", "Corradini, Stefanie", "Pigorsch, Steffi", "Wilkens, Jan", "Grosu, Anca L", "Guckenberger, Matthias", "Ganswindt, Ute", "Bernhardt, Denise"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264908", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is challenging modern radiation oncology. At University Hospitals, we have a mandate to offer high-end treatments to all cancer patients. However, in times of crisis we must learn to prioritize resources, especially personnel. Compromising oncological outcome will blur all statistics, therefore all measures must be taken with great caution. Communication with our neighboring countries, within societies and between departments can help meet the challenge. Here, we report on our learning system and preparation measures to effectively tackle the COVID-19 challenge in University-Based Radiation Oncology Departments."}, {"pmid": 32382448, "pmcid": "PMC7204702", "title": "COVID-19 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Infections in Health-Care Workers in Korea.", "journal": "Saf Health Work", "authors": ["Kang, Seong-Kyu"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382448", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392364, "pmcid": "PMC7273100", "title": "Political polarization at the time of the coronavirus: A Brazilian's view.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Leao, Jair Carneiro"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392364", "countries": ["Brazil"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445559, "title": "Whole nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 may cause false positive results in serological assays.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yamaoka, Yutaro", "Jeremiah, Sundararaj S", "Miyakawa, Kei", "Saji, Ryo", "Nishii, Mototsugu", "Takeuchi, Ichiro", "Ryo, Akihide"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445559", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524707, "title": "Smell and taste disorders during COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study on 355 patients.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Dell'Era, Valeria", "Farri, Filippo", "Garzaro, Giacomo", "Gatto, Miriam", "Aluffi Valletti, Paolo", "Garzaro, Massimiliano"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524707", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As reported by increasing literature, a significant number of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed smell/taste disorders. Aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and severity of these symptoms among laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients. Secondary objective is to determine their onset/recovery time. This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 10 to 30, 2020 at Novara University Hospital during the COVID-19 Italian outbreak. The 355 enrolled patients answered a questionnaire at 14th (or more) days after proven infection. The overall population prevalence of both smell/taste or one of the two disorders was 70%. They were first symptoms in 31 (8,7%) patients. Most patients reported a complete loss that in half of the cases (49.5%) was fully recovered after 14\u2009days, with a median recovery time of 10\u2009days. This study confirms a high prevalence of smell/taste disorders in COVID-19 infection with self-recovery for half cases after about 2\u2009weeks."}, {"pmid": 32386725, "pmcid": "PMC7252048", "title": "[How to approach follow-up of glaucoma patients during COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Giraud, J-M", "Fenolland, J-R"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398833, "title": "Include the true value of nature when rebuilding economies after coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398833", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199474, "pmcid": "PMC7138074", "title": "COVID-19: protecting health-care workers.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199474", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429995, "pmcid": "PMC7235537", "title": "Israel's response to the COVID-19 pandemic: tailoring measures for vulnerable cultural minority populations.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Waitzberg, Ruth", "Davidovitch, Nadav", "Leibner, Gideon", "Penn, Nadav", "Brammli-Greenberg, Shuli"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429995", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Every country has vulnerable populations that require special attention from policymakers in their response to a pandemic. This is because those populations may have specific characteristics, culture and behaviours that can accelerate the spread of the virus, and they usually have less access to healthcare, particularly in times of crisis. In order to carry out a comprehensive national intervention plan, policy makers should be sensitive to the needs and lifestyles of these groups, while taking into account structural and cultural gaps.In the context of Israel, the two most prominent and well-defined minority groups are the ultra-Orthodox Jewish community and parts of the Arab population. The government was slow to recognize the unique position of these two groups, public pressure eventually led to a response that was tailored to the ultra-Orthodox community and during the month of Ramadan a similar response has been implemented among the Arab community."}, {"pmid": 32440979, "pmcid": "PMC7241064", "title": "Assessing disability and relapses in multiple sclerosis on tele-neurology.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Moccia, Marcello", "Lanzillo, Roberta", "Brescia Morra, Vincenzo", "Bonavita, Simona", "Tedeschi, Gioacchino", "Leocani, Letizia", "Lavorgna, Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a consequence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a large amount of consultations will be delivered through tele-medicine, especially for diseases causing chronic disability and requiring immunomodulatory treatments, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We have hereby reviewed available tools for tele-neurology examination in MS, including components of neurological examination that can be assessed through video, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and digital technology. Overall, we have suggested a battery for assessing MS disability and relapses on tele-medicine, which brings together conventional examination, PROMs (e.g., Patient Determined Disease Steps, MS Impact Scale), and cognitive tests (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) that can be delivered remotely and in multiple languages. The use of common tools for neurological examination could improve tele-neurology practice for both general neurologists and MS specialists, and quality of care for people with MS."}, {"pmid": 32305488, "pmcid": "PMC7162747", "title": "Flattening-the-curve associated with reduced COVID-19 case fatality rates- an ecological analysis of 65 countries.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Kenyon, Chris"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305488", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417768, "title": "Zero tolerance for complacency by government of West African countries in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Hum Antibodies", "authors": ["Erhabor, O", "Erhabor, T", "Adias, T C", "Okara, G C", "Retsky, M"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417768", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing a cluster of respiratory infections (Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19) first discovered in Wuhan, China is responsible for a new illness that has been found to affect the lungs and airways of patients with associated symptoms of fever, cough and shortness of breath. In the light of few cases recorded so far in West Africa there is tendency for complacency. The region needs to make strategic plans based on available evidence to enable them effectively deal with this rapidly evolving pandemic. At this very moment countries like China, Italy, France, Spain, Iran, UK and many others are witnessing sustained and intensive community transmission of this virus and increasing numbers of severe disease and death particularly among elderly patients with other comorbidities. The reality of the seriousness of this pandemic is alarming. Government of member states of ECOWAS need to prepare themselves by building capacity as well as implement evidenced-based steps to mitigate this rapidly evolving pandemic by testing persons presenting with symptoms (fever, cough and shortness of breath), isolating and treating those found positive, tracing and quarantining contacts, implementing social distancing as well as optimizing human and material endowment to allow healthcare workers offer safe quality clinical care for affected patients to prevent secondary infection among healthcare workers."}, {"pmid": 32474583, "title": "In Reply: COVID-19: An Argument for Rapid Access to Laboratory Data Warehouses.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Jackups, Ronald"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474583", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192247, "title": "Covid-19: The right amount of wolf.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Orstavik, Ragnhild E"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192247", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403025, "pmcid": "PMC7199669", "title": "Online mental health services in Indonesia during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Ifdil, Ifdil", "Fadli, Rima Pratiwi", "Suranata, Kadek", "Zola, Nilma", "Ardi, Zadrian"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403025", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333753, "pmcid": "PMC7188179", "title": "An Interactive Online Dashboard for Tracking COVID-19 in U.S. Counties, Cities, and States in Real Time.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Wissel, Benjamin D", "Van Camp, P J", "Kouril, Michal", "Weis, Chad", "Glauser, Tracy A", "White, Peter S", "Kohane, Isaac S", "Dexheimer, Judith W"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333753", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To create an online resource that informs the public of COVID-19 outbreaks in their area. This R Shiny application aggregates data from multiple resources that track COVID-19 and visualizes them through an interactive, online dashboard. The web resource, called the COVID-19 Watcher, can be accessed at https://covid19watcher.research.cchmc.org/. It displays COVID-19 data from every county and 188 metropolitan areas in the U.S. Features include rankings of the worst affected areas and auto-generating plots that depict temporal changes in testing capacity, cases, and deaths. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) do not publish COVID-19 data for local municipalities, so it is critical that academic resources fill this void so the public can stay informed. The data used have limitations and likely underestimate the scale of the outbreak. The COVID-19 Watcher can provide the public with real-time updates of outbreaks in their area."}, {"pmid": 32216717, "pmcid": "PMC7233401", "title": "Frequency and Distribution of Chest Radiographic Findings in COVID-19 Positive Patients.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Wong, Ho Yuen Frank", "Lam, Hiu Yin Sonia", "Fong, Ambrose Ho-Tung", "Leung, Siu Ting", "Chin, Thomas Wing-Yan", "Lo, Christine Shing Yen", "Lui, Macy Mei-Sze", "Lee, Jonan Chun Yin", "Chiu, Keith Wan-Hang", "Chung, Tom", "Lee, Elaine Yuen Phin", "Wan, Eric Yuk Fai", "Hung, Fan Ngai Ivan", "Lam, Tina Poy Wing", "Kuo, Michael", "Ng, Ming-Yen"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216717", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Current COVID-19 radiological literature is dominated by CT and a detailed description of chest x-ray (CXR) appearances in relation to the disease time course is lacking. Purpose To describe the time course and severity of the CXR findings of COVID-19 and correlate these with real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-Cov-2 nucleic acid. Materials and Methods Retrospective study of COVID-19 patients with RT-PCR confirmation and CXRs admitted across 4 hospitals evaluated between January and March 2020. Baseline and serial CXRs (total 255 CXRs) were reviewed along with RT-PCRs. Correlation with concurrent CTs (total 28 CTs) was made when available. Two radiologists scored each CXR in consensus for: consolidation, ground glass opacity (GGO), location and pleural fluid. A severity index was determined for each lung. The lung scores were summed to produce the final severity score. Results There were 64 patients (26 men, mean age 56\u00b119 years). Of these, 58, 44 and 38 patients had positive initial RT-PCR (91%, [CI: 81-96%]), abnormal baseline CXR (69%, [CI: 56-80%]) and positive initial RT-PCR with abnormal baseline CXR (59 [CI:46-71%]) respectively. Six patients (9%) showed CXR abnormalities before eventually testing positive on RT-PCR. Sensitivity of initial RT-PCR (91% [95% CI: 83-97%]) was higher than baseline CXR (69% [95% CI: 56-80%]) (p = 0.009). Radiographic (mean 6 \u00b1 5 days) and virologic recovery (mean 8 \u00b1 6 days) were not significantly different (p= 0.33). Consolidation was the most common finding (30/64, 47%), followed by GGO (21/64, 33%). CXR abnormalities had a peripheral (26/64, 41%) and lower zone distribution (32/64, 50%) with bilateral involvement (32/64, 50%). Pleural effusion was uncommon (2/64, 3%). The severity of CXR findings peaked at 10-12 days from the date of symptom onset. Conclusion Chest x-ray findings in COVID-19 patients frequently showed bilateral lower zone consolidation which peaked at 10-12 days from symptom onset."}, {"pmid": 32381276, "pmcid": "PMC7141703", "title": "Lessons Learned From the Coronavirus Health Crisis in Madrid, Spain: How COVID-19 Has Changed Our Lives in the Last 2 Weeks.", "journal": "Biol Psychiatry", "authors": ["Arango, Celso"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381276", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32049601, "pmcid": "PMC7233363", "title": "Chest CT for Typical 2019-nCoV Pneumonia: Relationship to Negative RT-PCR Testing.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Xie, Xingzhi", "Zhong, Zheng", "Zhao, Wei", "Zheng, Chao", "Wang, Fei", "Liu, Jun"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32049601", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some patients with positive chest CT findings may present with negative results of real time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain- reaction (RT-PCR) for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). In this report, we present chest CT findings from five patients with 2019-nCoV infection who had initial negative RT-PCR results. All five patients had typical imaging findings, including ground-glass opacity (GGO) (5 patients) and/or mixed GGO and mixed consolidation (2 patients). After isolation for presumed 2019-nCoV pneumonia, all patients were eventually confirmed with 2019-nCoV infection by repeated swab tests. A combination of repeated swab tests and CT scanning may be helpful when for individuals with high clinical suspicion of nCoV infection but negative RT-PCR screening."}, {"pmid": 32478549, "title": "Handling uncertainty and ambiguity in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Durodie, Bill"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478549", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is unprecedented. Yet some look to ready-made models to address it. This creates confusion about more adaptive responses that reflect an uncertain and ambiguous context. Those assessing associated mental health challenges must be wary of overdiagnosis. Handling the pandemic well, requires engaging the public as mature partners. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32337113, "pmcid": "PMC7179986", "title": "Brief Review on COVID-19: The 2020 Pandemic Caused by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Valencia, Damian N"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337113", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). First identified in Wuhan (Hubei, China) in December of 2019, it has since been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March of 2020. In this study, we will provide a brief review of viral origin, identification, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, and potential treatment strategies for the newly identified SARS-CoV-2 strain."}, {"pmid": 32360238, "title": "The Impact of Sociocultural Influences on the COVID-19 Measures-Reflections From Singapore.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Eng Koon, Ong"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360238", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents unique challenges to Asian countries like Singapore with a predominantly Confucian culture. Palliative care providers play an important role in supporting their patients and family members in these difficult times."}, {"pmid": 32442562, "pmcid": "PMC7237927", "title": "Alterations in Gut Microbiota of Patients With COVID-19 During Time of Hospitalization.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Zuo, Tao", "Zhang, Fen", "Lui, Grace C Y", "Yeoh, Yun Kit", "Li, Amy Y L", "Zhan, Hui", "Wan, Yating", "Chung, Arthur", "Cheung, Chun Peng", "Chen, Nan", "Lai, Christopher K C", "Chen, Zigui", "Tso, Eugene Y K", "Fung, Kitty S C", "Chan, Veronica", "Ling, Lowell", "Joynt, Gavin", "Hui, David S C", "Chan, Francis K L", "Chan, Paul K S", "Ng, Siew C"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442562", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although SARS-CoV-2 infects gastrointestinal tissues, little is known about the roles of gut commensal microbes in susceptibility to and severity of infection. We investigated changes in fecal microbiomes of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection during hospitalization and associations with severity and fecal shedding of virus. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing analyses of fecal samples from 15 patients with COVID-19 in Hong Kong, from February 5 through March 17, 2020. Fecal samples were collected 2 or 3 times per week from time of hospitalization until discharge; disease was categorized as mild (no radiographic evidence of pneumonia), moderate (pneumonia was present), severe (respiratory rate \u226530/min, or oxygen saturation \u226493% when breathing ambient air), or critical (respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, shock, or organ failure requiring intensive care). We compared microbiome data with those from 6 subjects with community-acquired pneumonia and 15 healthy individuals (controls). We assessed gut microbiome profiles in association with disease severity and changes in fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2. Patients with COVID-19 had significant alterations in fecal microbiomes compared with controls, characterized by enrichment of opportunistic pathogens and depletion of beneficial commensals, at time of hospitalization and at all timepoints during hospitalization. Depleted symbionts and gut dysbiosis persisted even after clearance of SARS-CoV-2 (determined from throat swabs) and resolution of respiratory symptoms. The baseline abundance of Coprobacillus, Clostridium ramosum, and Clostridium hathewayi correlated with COVID-19 severity; there was an inverse correlation between abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (an anti-inflammatory bacterium) and disease severity. Over the course of hospitalization, Bacteroides dorei, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides massiliensis, and Bacteroides ovatus, which downregulate expression of ACE2 in murine gut, correlated inversely with SARS-CoV-2 load in fecal samples from patients. In a pilot study of 15 patients with COVID-19, we found persistent alterations in the fecal microbiome during the time of hospitalization, compared with controls. Fecal microbiota alterations were associated with fecal levels of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 severity. Strategies to alter the intestinal microbiota might reduce disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32374856, "pmcid": "PMC7239123", "title": "Characteristics of Doctors' Fatality due to COVID-19 in Western Europe and Asia-Pacific countries.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Yoshida, Izumi", "Tanimoto, Tetsuya", "Schiever, Noemie", "Patelli, Federica", "Kami, Masahiro"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374856", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Korea, Republic of", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Under the COVID-19 pandemic, the deaths of healthcare professionals have been increasingly reported worldwide. We performed a cross-sectional, observational study using news reports on the websites among selected countries as of April, 2020. We found 120 dead medical doctors due to COVID-19 in Western Europe and Asia-Pacific countries; 67 in Italy (47 in the Northern part), 34 in China (22 in Hubei), 6 in France, 4 in the UK, the US, and Spain, and 1 in South Korea, respectively. Among them, 90% were men, and specialties were reported as general practitioners for 30% and as physicians for 11.6%. The overall proportions of dead medical doctors amounted to 1.9 per 10,000 confirmed cases and 30.2 per 10,000 dead cases, respectively. Proactive measures are warranted to protect doctors especially who often encounters with COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32436114, "pmcid": "PMC7239349", "title": "Increased lung signal as a hint of COVID-19 infection on Tc-99m-sestamibi myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.", "journal": "J Nucl Cardiol", "authors": ["Delabie, Pierre", "Hyafil, Fabien"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436114", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513308, "title": "Evaluating the efficacy and safety of human anti-SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma in severely ill adults with COVID-19: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Eckhardt, Christina M", "Cummings, Matthew J", "Rajagopalan, Kartik N", "Borden, Sarah", "Bitan, Zachary C", "Wolf, Allison", "Kantor, Alex", "Briese, Thomas", "Meyer, Benjamin J", "Jacobson, Samuel D", "Scotto, Dawn", "Mishra, Nischay", "Philip, Neena M", "Stotler, Brie A", "Schwartz, Joseph", "Shaz, Beth", "Spitalnik, Steven L", "Eisenberg, Andrew", "Hod, Eldad A", "Justman, Jessica", "Cheung, Ken", "Lipkin, W Ian", "O'Donnell, Max R"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513308", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of human anti-SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma in hospitalized adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is a prospective, single-center, phase 2, randomized, controlled trial that is blinded to participants and clinical outcome assessor. Eligible participants include adults (\u2265 18 years) with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR test of nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab within 14 days of randomization, evidence of infiltrates on chest radiography, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) \u2264 94% on room air, and/or need for supplemental oxygen, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, or invasive mechanical ventilation, who are willing and able to provide written informed consent prior to performing study procedures or who have a legally authorized representative available to do so. Exclusion criteria include participation in another clinical trial of anti-viral agent(s)* for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), receipt of any anti-viral agent(s)* with possible activity against SARS-CoV-2 <24 hours prior to plasma infusion, mechanical ventilation (including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO]) for \u2265 5 days, severe multi-organ failure, history of allergic reactions to transfused blood products per NHSN/CDC criteria, known IgA deficiency, and pregnancy. Included participants will be hospitalized at the time of randomization and plasma infusion. *Use of remdesivir as treatment for COVID-19 is permitted. The study will be undertaken at Columbia University Irving Medical Center in New York, USA. The investigational treatment is anti-SARS-CoV-2 human convalescent plasma. To procure the investigational treatment, volunteers who recovered from COVID-19 will undergo testing to confirm the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody to the spike trimer at a 1:400 dilution. Donors will also be screened for transfusion-transmitted infections (e.g. HIV, HBV, HCV, WNV, HTLV-I/II, T. cruzi, ZIKV). If donors have experienced COVID-19 symptoms within 28 days, they will be screened with a nasopharyngeal swab to confirm they are SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative. Plasma will be collected using standard apheresis technology by the New York Blood Center. Study participants will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive one unit (200 - 250 mL) of anti-SARS-CoV-2 plasma versus one unit (200 - 250 mL) of the earliest available control plasma. The control plasma cannot be tested for presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody prior to the transfusion, but will be tested for anti- SARS-CoV-2 antibody after the transfusion to allow for a retrospective per-protocol analysis. The primary endpoint is time to clinical improvement. This is defined as time from randomization to either discharge from the hospital or improvement by one point on the following seven-point ordinal scale, whichever occurs first. 1. Not hospitalized with resumption of normal activities 2. Not hospitalized, but unable to resume normal activities 3. Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen 4. Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen 5. Hospitalized, requiring high-flow oxygen therapy or non-invasive mechanical ventilation 6. Hospitalized, requiring ECMO, invasive mechanical ventilation, or both 7. Death This scale, designed to assess clinical status over time, was based on that recommended by the World Health Organization for use in determining efficacy end-points in clinical trials in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. A recent clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of lopinavir- ritonavir for patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 used a similar ordinal scale, as have recent clinical trials of novel therapeutics for severe influenza, including a post-hoc analysis of a trial evaluating immune plasma. The primary safety endpoints are cumulative incidence of grade 3 and 4 adverse events and cumulative incidence of serious adverse events during the study period. Study participants will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive anti-SARS-CoV-2 plasma versus control plasma using a web-based randomization platform. Treatment assignments will be generated using randomly permuted blocks of different sizes to minimize imbalance while also minimizing predictability. The study participants and the clinicians who will evaluate post-treatment outcomes will be blinded to group assignment. The blood bank and the clinical research team will not be blinded to group assignment. We plan to enroll 129 participants, with 86 in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 arm, and 43 in the control arm. Among the participants, we expect ~70% or n = 72 will achieve clinical improvement. This will yield an 80% power for a one-sided Wald test at 0.15 level of significance under the proportional hazards model with a hazard ratio of 1.5. Protocol AAAS9924, Version 17APR2020, 4/17/2020 Start of recruitment: April 20, 2020 Recruitment is ongoing. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04359810 Date of trial registration: April 24, 2020 Retrospectively registered FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest of expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32392425, "title": "Response of Cardiac Surgery Units to COVID-19: An Internationally-Based Quantitative Survey.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Gaudino, Mario", "Chikwe, Joanna", "Hameed, Irbaz", "Robinson, N Bryce", "Fremes, Stephen E", "Ruel, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392425", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233161, "pmcid": "PMC7105509", "title": "Analysis on 54 Mortality Cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Republic of Korea from January 19 to March 10, 2020.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233161", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the identification of the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the global number of confirmed cases as of March 15, 2020, is 156,400, with total death in 5,833 (3.7%) worldwide. Here, we summarize the morality data from February 19 when the first mortality occurred to 0 am, March 10, 2020, in Korea with comparison to other countries. The overall case fatality rate of COVID-19 in Korea was 0.7% as of 0 am, March 10, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32392023, "pmcid": "PMC7179055", "title": "Sedation of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients: challenges and special considerations.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Hanidziar, Dusan", "Bittner, Edward"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392023", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501381, "pmcid": "PMC7151290", "title": "Identification of critical airports for controlling global infectious disease outbreaks: Stress-tests focusing in Europe.", "journal": "J Air Transp Manag", "authors": ["Nikolaou, Paraskevas", "Dimitriou, Loukas"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501381", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the global population increases and transportation connectivity improves in quality and prices, the demand for mobility increases, especially in long-haul services. According to the 2017 report of the European Commission in Mobility and Transport, the performance of all modes for passenger transport (roadways and airways) are reaching record highs. Although the benefits of the increased demand for mobility are substantial and welcome, an effort should be paid such as to ameliorate possible threatening side-effects that may also arise. As World Health Organization (WHO) denotes and as has been evident from the global COVID-19 epidemic outbreak, infectious diseases can be spread directly or indirectly from one person to another under common exposure circumstances such as air transportation (especially long-haul airline connections) that may act as the medium for transmitting and spreading infectious diseases. In this paper, analytical and realistic models have been integrated, for providing evidence on the spread dynamics of infectious diseases that may face Europe through the airlines system. In particular, a detailed epidemiological model has been integrated with the airlines' and land transport network, able to simulate the epidemic spread of infectious diseases originated from distant locations. Additionally, a wide set of experiments and simulations have been conducted, providing results from detailed stress-tests covering both mild as well as aggressive cases of epidemic spreading scenarios. The results provide convincing evidence on the effectiveness that the European airports' system offer in controlling the emergence of epidemics, but also on the time and extent that controlling measures should be taken in order to break the chain of infections in realistic cases."}, {"pmid": 32241793, "pmcid": "PMC7211079", "title": "Clinical course of COVID-19 in a series of patients with chronic arthritis treated with immunosuppressive targeted therapies.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Balduzzi, Silvia", "Delvino, Paolo", "Bellis, Elisa", "Quadrelli, Verdiana Serena", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241793", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32032614, "pmcid": "PMC7134434", "title": "Novel coronavirus is putting the whole world on alert.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Khan, S", "Ali, A", "Siddique, R", "Nabi, G"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32032614", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340050, "title": "[Experience of Practice-Based Psychiatrists and Neurologists During the COVID-19 Pandemic].", "journal": "Psychiatr Prax", "authors": ["Bohlken, Jens", "Schomig, Friederike", "Seehagen, Thorsten", "Kohler, Sabine", "Gehring, Klaus", "Roth-Sackenheim, Christa", "Matschinger, Herbert", "Riedel-Heller, Steffi G"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340050", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, to our knowledge there are no studies regarding attitudes and experiences of outpatient medical personnel during a pandemic. This study's aim was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 on German psychiatrists and neurologists. An e-mail and fax-based short survey of 2,072 practice-based psychiatrists and neurologists was performed including Likert-type questions on personal burden and concerns, anticipated risk of infection, practice management as well as anxiety and sleep problems. 396 physicians returned the questionnaire (19\u200a%). More than 60\u200a% of the participants felt restricted strongly or very strongly, more than 30\u200a% were strongly and very strongly concerned. They anticipated a high own risk of infection. However, 91\u200a% did not report any contact with patients positively screened for COVID-19, which they were aware of. One third felt financially threatened and loss of business volume was anticipated. 18\u200a% reported, that the pandemic triggers substantial anxiety. Sleep problems, which occur at least almost every night, were rarely reported (9\u200a%). Practice-based psychiatrists and neurologists are negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32246793, "title": "Clinician Mental Health and Well-Being During Global Healthcare Crises: Evidence Learned From Prior Epidemics for COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Worldviews Evid Based Nurs", "authors": ["Jun, Jin", "Tucker, Sharon", "Melnyk, Bernadette Mazurek"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246793", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312730, "title": "Covid-19: public health experts demand evidence behind UK's short self-isolation advice.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312730", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243949, "pmcid": "PMC7118698", "title": "Ark of Life and Hope: the role of the Cabin Hospital in facing COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Shu, L", "Ji, N", "Chen, X", "Feng, G"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243949", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497295, "title": "Comment on \"Genetic variants and source of introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in South America\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Romero, Pedro E"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497295", "countries": ["Colombia", "Peru", "Brazil", "Chile", "Argentina", "Ecuador"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I read with great interest a recent study by Poterico and Mestanza1 who described mutations in 30 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from South American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32496012, "title": "Influence of diabetes mellitus on the severity and fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Diabetes Obes Metab", "authors": ["Wu, Jing", "Zhang, Jingqi", "Sun, Xiaohua", "Wang, Lijuan", "Xu, Yunfang", "Zhang, Yuanyuan", "Liu, Xingxiang", "Dong, Chen"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496012", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common comorbidities in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influences of diabetes mellitus on the severity and fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Medical records of 66 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were collected and classified into non-severe (mild/moderate cases) and severe (severe/critical cases) groups, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of severe COVID-19 (severe/critical infection). In addition, a meta-analysis including published studies reported the impacts of diabetes mellitus on severity and fatality of COVID-19, and our current study was conducted using fixed-effects models. There were 22 diabetic and 44 non-diabetic cases among the 66 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. As the results shown, seven cases (31.82%) were diagnosed as severe COVID-19 in diabetic patients, which was significantly higher than that in non-diabetic group (4/44, 9.09%, P\u00a0=\u00a00.033). After adjustment for age and gender, the results showed that diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with COVID-19 severity (OR: 5.29, 95% CI: 1.07-26.02). A meta-analysis further confirmed the positive association between diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 severity (pooled OR\u00a0=\u00a02.58, 95% CI: 1.93-3.45). Moreover, the diabetic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed to have 2.95-fold higher risk of fatality compared to those patients without diabetes mellitus (95% CI: 1.93-4.53). Our findings provide new evidences that diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher risk of severity and fatality of COVID-19. Therefore, intensive monitoring and antidiabetic therapy should be considered in diabetic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32266524, "pmcid": "PMC7136155", "title": "A case report of COVID-19 with false negative RT-PCR test: necessity of chest CT.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Feng, Hao", "Liu, Yujian", "Lv, Minli", "Zhong, Jianquan"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266524", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The definite diagnosis of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is based on the viral isolation or positive result of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from sputum, or nasal swab, or throat swab. However, the sensitivity to detect COVID-19 of real time (RT)-PCR is reported to be lower than that of chest CT. We report a case of 34-year-old man who was diagnosed as negative for COVID-19 based on the four sequential RT-PCR tests of his pharyngeal swab. Chest CT showed patchy ground-glass opacity on admission, and it rapidly progressed to segmental mixed consolidation and ground-glass opacity 3\u00a0days after admission, and it resolved in left upper lobe, but showed multifocal ground-glass opacities 7\u00a0days after admission, and they resolved within 2\u00a0weeks. The fifth RT-PCR test finally revealed positive results at the fifth day after admission. It is difficult to distinguish COVID-19 pneumonia from other viral pneumonia on CT findings alone; however, we emphasize the utility of chest CT to detect early change of COVID-19 in cases which RT-PCR tests show negative results."}, {"pmid": 32523933, "pmcid": "PMC7279906", "title": "Diaphragmatic Rupture and Gastric Perforation in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Poggiali, Erika", "Vercelli, Andrea", "Demichele, Elena", "Ioannilli, Eva", "Magnacavallo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523933", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the case of a young female patient admitted to our emergency department during the Italian COVID-19 epidemic, for fever and dry cough associated with symptoms of gastric reflux over the previous 5 days. Lung ultrasound showed diffuse bilateral B lines with irregular pleural thickening, and consolidation with air bronchogram and slight pleural effusion in the lower left lobe. Chest HRCT and abdominal CT scanning with contrast revealed diaphragmatic rupture with gastric perforation, and atelectasis of the left pulmonary lobe with unilateral pleural effusion, diffuse ground-glass opacities and multiple small consolidations in both lobes. A nasopharyngeal swab for 2019-nCoV was positive. A diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture and gastric perforation in COVID-19 pneumonia was made. The patient was immediately hospitalized and surgically treated. Treatment for COVID-19 and empiric antibiotic therapy were promptly started. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause fever, dry cough and acute respiratory failure.Cough can result in several complications, including rupture of the diaphragm and abdominal herniation.CT scanning is the gold standard technique to investigate COVID-19 pneumonia and diaphragmatic rupture."}, {"pmid": 32433907, "title": "Large Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease among Wedding Attendees, Jordan.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yusef, Dawood", "Hayajneh, Wail", "Awad, Samah", "Momany, Suleiman", "Khassawneh, Basheer", "Samrah, Shaher", "Obeidat, Basil", "Raffee, Liqaa", "Al-Faouri, Ibrahim", "Issa, Ali Bani", "Al Zamel, Heba", "Bataineh, Enas", "Qdaisat, Reem"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433907", "countries": ["Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, a wedding in Jordan led to a large outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We collected data on 350 wedding attendees, 76 who of whom developed COVID-19. Our study shows high communicability of COVID-19 and the enormous risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 virus transmission during mass gatherings."}, {"pmid": 32239133, "pmcid": "PMC7184361", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: we are all in this together.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Momplaisir, Florence"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239133", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515823, "title": "Homeless Shelters Face High COVID-19 Risks.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Kuehn, Bridget M"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515823", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533891, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 in the semen: where does it come from?", "journal": "Andrology", "authors": ["Massarotti, Claudia", "Garolla, Andrea", "Maccarini, Elena", "Scaruffi, Paola", "Stigliani, Sara", "Anserini, Paola", "Foresta, Carlo"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533891", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent report by Li et al., described the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen samples of six patients, including two subjects who were recovering from the clinical disease. This finding re-opened the discussion on possible male genital tract infection, virus shedding in semen, sexual transmission and safety of fertility treatments during the pandemic period [1]. As stated by the Authors themselves, the small sample size and short follow up dictate caution in the interpretation of their results."}, {"pmid": 32379035, "pmcid": "PMC7205001", "title": "Innovation and Knowledge Sharing Can Transform COVID-19 Infection Prevention Response.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Nathavitharana, Ruvandhi R", "Patel, Payal K", "Tierney, Dylan B", "Mehrotra, Preeti", "Lederer, Philip A", "Davis, Sheila", "Nardell, Edward"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379035", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491053, "title": "Diabetes and covid-19: more than the sum of two morbidities.", "journal": "Rev Saude Publica", "authors": ["Pititto, Bianca de Almeida", "Ferreira, Sandra Roberta G"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491053", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has caused a public health emergency worldwide. Risk, severity and mortality of the disease have been associated with non-communicable chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. Accumulated evidence has caused great concern in countries with high prevalence of this morbidity, such as Brazil. This text shows the picture of diabetes in Brazil, followed by epidemiological data and explanatory hypothesis for the association between diabetes and covid-19. We emphasized how the burden of these two morbidities in a middle-income country has aggravated this pandemic scenario. The comprehension of this association and biological plausibility may help face this pandemic and future challenges."}, {"pmid": 32421499, "pmcid": "PMC7234687", "title": "Definitive Airway Management of Patients with a King Laryngeal Tube() in Place in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Sandefur, Benjamin J", "Driver, Brian E", "Brown, Calvin A 3rd", "Reardon, Robert F"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421499", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245909, "title": "A fatal case of COVID-19 pneumonia occurring in a patient with severe acute ulcerative colitis.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Mazza, Stefano", "Sorce, Andrea", "Peyvandi, Flora", "Vecchi, Maurizio", "Caprioli, Flavio"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245909", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516880, "title": "Changes in Gambling Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Web Survey Study in Sweden.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Hakansson, Anders"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516880", "countries": ["Sweden"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed everyday life, and policy makers have raised concerns about possible changes in gambling patterns during the pandemic. This study aimed to examine whether self-reported gambling has increased during the pandemic, and to examine potential correlates of such a change. This general population survey study in Sweden collected self-report data from 2016 web survey members (51 percent men, nine percent moderate-risk/problem gamblers). Correlates of increased gambling and increased gambling specifically due to COVID-19-related cancellation of sports were calculated. Four percent reported an overall gambling increase during the pandemic. The proportion of individuals reporting an increase, compared to individuals reporting a decrease, was markedly higher for online casinos (0.62), online horse betting (0.76) and online lotteries (0.73), and lower for sports betting (0.11). Overall, gambling increases were independently associated with gambling problems and increased alcohol consumption. In the sub-group, where there was an increase in specific gambling types in response to cancelled sports betting events, rates of gambling problems were high. In conclusion, only a minority report increased gambling in response to the pandemic, but this group has markedly higher gambling problems and changes in alcohol consumption, and may represent a sub-group with a particularly high vulnerability. This calls for preventive action in people with higher gambling risks in response to the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32354768, "pmcid": "PMC7231545", "title": "Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry", "authors": ["Beyrouti, Rahma", "Adams, Matthew E", "Benjamin, Laura", "Cohen, Hannah", "Farmer, Simon F", "Goh, Yee Yen", "Humphries, Fiona", "Jager, Hans Rolf", "Losseff, Nicholas A", "Perry, Richard J", "Shah, Sachit", "Simister, Robert J", "Turner, David", "Chandratheva, Arvind", "Werring, David J"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354768", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523149, "title": "Medical Education during the health contingency by COVID-19: Lessons for the future.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Sierra-Fernandez, Carlos R", "Lopez-Meneses, Mauricio", "Azar-Manzur, Francisco", "Trevethan-Cravioto, Sergio"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523149", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508070, "title": "Psychosocial Support during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea: Activities of Multidisciplinary Mental Health Professionals.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Hyun, Jinhee", "You, Sungeun", "Sohn, Sunju", "Kim, Seok Joo", "Bae, Jeongyee", "Baik, Myungjae", "Cho, In Hee", "Choi, Hyunjung", "Choi, Kyeong Sook", "Chung, Chan Seung", "Jeong, Chanyoung", "Joo, Hyesun", "Kim, Eunji", "Kim, Heeguk", "Kim, Hyun Soo", "Ko, Jinsun", "Lee, Jung Hyun", "Lee, Sang Min", "Lee, So Hee", "Chung, Un Sun"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508070", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 18, 2020, there have been a total of 10,653 confirmed cases and 232 deaths due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea. The pathogen spread quickly, and the outbreak caused nationwide anxiety and shock. This study presented the anecdotal records that provided a detailed process of the multidisciplinary teamwork in mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak in the country. Psychosocial support is no less important than infection control during an epidemic, and collaboration and networking are at the core of disaster management. Thus, a multidisciplinary team of mental health professionals was immediately established and has collaborated effectively with its internal and external stakeholders for psychosocial support during the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32508394, "pmcid": "PMC7264633", "title": "Reflections on COVID-19 in Sydney, Australia.", "journal": "City Soc (Wash)", "authors": ["Peters, Robbie"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508394", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410776, "pmcid": "PMC7221367", "title": "Clozapine treated patients and COVID-19: Ensuring continued care through collaboration.", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Leung, Jonathan G", "Wittenberger, Terri S", "Schak, Kathryn M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410776", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436646, "title": "Clinical outcome in solid organ transplant recipients with COVID-19: A single-center experience.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Travi, Giovanna", "Rossotti, Roberto", "Merli, Marco", "Sacco, Alice", "Perricone, Giovanni", "Lauterio, Andrea", "Colombo, Valeriana G", "De Carlis, Luciano", "Frigerio, Maria", "Minetti, Enrico", "Belli, Luca S", "Puoti, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436646", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376346, "pmcid": "PMC7162765", "title": "An In-hospital Pathway for Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Initial Experience Under Real-World Suboptimal Conditions.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Cosentino, Nicola", "Assanelli, Emilio", "Merlino, Luca", "Mazza, Mario", "Bartorelli, Antonio L", "Marenzi, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376346", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Owing to the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy) there is an urgent need to manage cardiovascular emergencies, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with appropriate standards of care and dedicated preventive measures and pathways against the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. For this reason, the Government of Lombardy decided to centralize the treatment of ACS patients in a limited number of centers, including our university cardiology institute, which in the past 4 weeks became a cardiovascular emergency referral center in a regional hub-and-spoke system. Therefore, we rapidly developed a customized pathway to allocate patients to the appropriate hospital ward, and treat them according to ACS severity and risk of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. We present here the protocol dedicated to ACS patients adopted in our center since March 13, 2020, and our initial experience in the management of ACS patients during the first 4 weeks of its use. Certainly, the protocol has room for further improvement as everyone's experience grows, but we hope that it could be a starting point, adaptable to different realities and local resources."}, {"pmid": 32438876, "title": "Computed tomography manifestations in super early stage 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Acta Radiol", "authors": ["Hu, Shan", "Li, Zhen", "Chen, Xu", "Liang, Chang-Hong"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438876", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, PR China, was caused by a novel beta coronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). To summarize chest computed tomography (CT) manifestations of the early stage of COVID-19 infection and provide a piece of reliable imaging evidence for initial screening and diagnosis. From 10 January 2020 to 10 February 2020, we continuously observed chest CT imaging of 14 patients with clinically suspected new coronavirus infection in the two weeks after onset of symptoms. Ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, reticular pattern, and ground-glass mimic nodules in each patient's chest CT image were recorded. We enrolled 14 patients, of which nine patients had the infection confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Five patients were highly suspected of infection. All cases had epidemiological evidence. GGO was a dominant imaging manifestation in the initial days of infection. GGO performance accounts for 40% in 1-\u20092 days, 90% in 3-\u20096 days, and 85% in 7-\u200910 days. With disease progression, consolidation appeared on follow-up CT. Consolidation performance accounts for 0% in 1-\u20092 days, 40% in 3-\u20096 days, and 71% in 7-\u200910 days. The lesions are mostly near the pleura. The number of lesions and the extent of the lesions increased as the disease progressed. Patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia have characteristic CT features in the initial stage of infection, which can be used as an essential supplement for nucleic acid examination."}, {"pmid": 32387833, "pmcid": "PMC7172759", "title": "Optimizing status epilepticus care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Epilepsy Behav", "authors": ["Kinney, Michael O", "Brigo, Francesco", "Kaplan, Peter W"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387833", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382120, "title": "How swamped preprint servers are blocking bad coronavirus research.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Kwon, Diana"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382120", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474559, "title": "Contact lens use at the time of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic for healthcare workers.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Bhargava, Raghav"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474559", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259313, "pmcid": "PMC7262196", "title": "Review of Emerging Pharmacotherapy for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Pharmacotherapy", "authors": ["Barlow, Ashley", "Landolf, Kaitlin M", "Barlow, Brooke", "Yeung, Siu Yan Amy", "Heavner, Jason J", "Claassen, Cassidy W", "Heavner, Mojdeh S"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259313", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved into an emergent global pandemic. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can manifest on a spectrum of illness from mild disease to severe respiratory failure requiring intensive care unit admission. As the incidence continues to rise at a rapid pace, critical care teams are faced with challenging treatment decisions. There is currently no widely accepted standard of care in the pharmacologic management of patients with COVID-19. Urgent identification of potential treatment strategies is a priority. Therapies include novel agents available in clinical trials or through compassionate use, and other drugs, repurposed antiviral and immunomodulating therapies. Many have demonstrated in vitro or in vivo potential against other viruses that are similar to SARS-CoV-2. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 have additional considerations related to adjustments for organ impairment and renal replacement therapies, complex lists of concurrent medications, limitations with drug administration and compatibility, and unique toxicities that should be evaluated when utilizing these therapies. The purpose of this review is to summarize practical considerations for pharmacotherapy in patients with COVID-19, with the intent of serving as a resource for health care providers at the forefront of clinical care during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32350794, "pmcid": "PMC7189175", "title": "Use of CT and artificial intelligence in suspected or COVID-19 positive patients: statement of the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Neri, Emanuele", "Miele, Vittorio", "Coppola, Francesca", "Grassi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350794", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic started in Italy in February 2020 with an exponential growth that has exceeded the number of cases reported in China. Italian radiology departments found themselves at the forefront in the management of suspected and positive COVID cases, both in diagnosis, in estimating the severity of the disease and in follow-up. In this context SIRM recommends chest X-ray as first-line imaging tool, CT as additional tool that shows typical features of COVID pneumonia, and ultrasound of the lungs as monitoring tool. SIRM recommends, as high priority, to ensure appropriate\u00a0sanitation procedures on the scan equipment after detecting any suspected or positive COVID-19 patients. In this emergency situation, several expectations have been raised by the scientific community about the role that artificial intelligence can have in improving the diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus infection, and SIRM wishes to deliver clear statements to the radiological community, on the usefulness of artificial intelligence as a radiological decision support system in COVID-19 positive patients. (1) SIRM supports the research on the use of artificial intelligence as a predictive and prognostic decision support system, especially in hospitalized patients and those admitted to intensive care, and welcomes single center of multicenter studies for a clinical validation of the test. (2) SIRM does not support the use of CT with artificial intelligence for screening or as first-line test to diagnose COVID-19. (3) Chest CT with artificial intelligence cannot replace molecular diagnosis tests with nose-pharyngeal swab (rRT-PCR) in suspected for COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32286679, "title": "COVID-19 challenge for modern medicine.", "journal": "Cardiol J", "authors": ["Dzieciatkowski, Tomasz", "Szarpak, Lukasz", "Filipiak, Krzysztof J", "Jaguszewski, Milosz", "Ladny, Jerzy R", "Smereka, Jacek"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286679", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses cause disease in animals and people around the world. Human coronaviruses (HCoV) are mainly known to cause infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract but the symptoms may also involve the nervous and digestive systems. Since the beginning of December 2019, there has been an epidemic of SARS-CoV-2, which was originally referred to as 2019-nCoV. The most common symptoms are fever and cough, fatigue, sputum production, dyspnea, myalgia, arthralgia or sore throat, headache, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea (30%). The best prevention is to avoid exposure. In addition, contact per-sons should be subjected to mandatory quarantine. COVID-19 patients should be treated in specialist centers. A significant number of patients with pneumonia require passive oxygen therapy. Non-invasive ventilation and high-flow nasal oxygen therapy can be applied in mild and moderate non-hypercapnia cases. A lung-saving ventilation strategy must be implemented in acute respiratory distress syndrome and mechanically ventilated patients. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a highly specialized method, available only in selected centers and not applicable to a significant number of cases. Specific pharmacological treatment for COVID-19 is not currently available. Modern medicine is gearing up to fight the new coronavirus pandemic. The key is a holistic approach to the patient including, primar-ily, the use of personal protective equipment to reduce the risk of further virus transmission, as well as patient management, which consists in both quarantine and, in the absence of specific pharmacological therapy, symptomatic treatment."}, {"pmid": 32533669, "title": "Hospital Pharmacy in the multidisciplinary team of COVID inpatient units.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Gil-Navarro, Maria Victoria", "Luque-Marquez, Rafael"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533669", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the implementation of the Antimicrobial Therapy Optimization Programme,\u00a0hospital pharmacy specialists have collaborated with infectious\u00a0disease specialists on a regular basis in most hospitals in Spain.\u00a0 Cooperation\u00a0between these professionals ensures the integrated management of\u00a0patients with infectious diseases and the appropriate use of antimicrobials\u00a0in\u00a0 hospitals.\u00a0The COVID-19 pandemic forced hospital pharmacists to abruptly\u00a0 suspend\u00a0all their structured activities and concentrate on the health crisis.\u00a0 Realtime\u00a0information sharing between different medicine specialties is an\u00a0 effective\u00a0strategy to generate and maintain treatment protocols adapted to each\u00a0center, with continuous evidence-based modifications as new publications\u00a0appear.\u00a0Hospital pharmacies had to reorganize their activities to\u00a0 respond to the\u00a0pandemic. On the one side were patients with COVID-19, and on\u00a0 the other\u00a0were routine hospital pharmacy tasks, with the added difficulty of\u00a0 adapting\u00a0to individual protection measures. New communication and\u00a0 collaboration\u00a0strategies were adopted. Protocols were established for the\u00a0 management\u00a0of COVID-19 patients, with continuous changes; special\u00a0 medications had\u00a0to be prepared and distributed; circuits were designed for the\u00a0 home- or institution-based care of patients; internal circuits were created to\u00a0 minimize the\u00a0movements of hospital staff and professionals caring for COVID-19\u00a0 patients.\u00a0The most effective antiviral drug and anti inflammatory therapy\u00a0 remains\u00a0elusive. In this scenario, hospital pharmacists emerge as a key player,\u00a0 as\u00a0they have a deep understanding of the mechanisms of action of drugs and\u00a0 potential interactions. In a setting where experimental drugs preferably tested in clinical trials are being used, the role of hospital pharmacists in interdisciplinary\u00a0 teams has become essential for the optimization of clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32505994, "title": "Preferential use of total intravenous anesthesia in ambulatory otolaryngology surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Stewart, Matthew", "Thaler, Adam", "Hunt, Patrick", "Estephan, Leonard", "Boon, Maurits", "Huntley, Colin"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505994", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) pandemic has impacted nearly every aspect of otolaryngologic practice. The transition from office-based evaluation to telemedicine and the number of postponed elective surgical cases is unprecedented. There is a significant need to resume elective surgical care for these patients at the appropriate time. As practices begin to move towards resuming elective and same day ambulatory surgery, safety of both the patient and healthcare team is of paramount importance. Usage of total intravenous anesthesia (propofol and remifentanil) over volatile gas anesthesia (e.g., sevoflurane) may increase the number of patients able to safely receive care by reducing potential spread of the virus through reduction in coughing and significantly decreasing the time spent in the recovery room."}, {"pmid": 32353742, "pmcid": "PMC7177149", "title": "Vitamin D: A simpler alternative to tocilizumab for trial in COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Silberstein, Morry"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353742", "topics": ["Treatment", "Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is anecdotal evidence that tocilizumab, an immunosuppressant drug, may be a potential therapeutic option for patients with severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Like tocilizumab, Vitamin D appears to modulate the activity of an interleukin (IL-6), which may explain the seasonal variation in prevalence of influenza. While most cases of COVID-19 have, thus far, occurred in the Northern Hemisphere winter, limiting the ability to assess seasonal variation, there remains substantial variation in the severity of this condition that has yet to be explained. A retrospective comparison of Vitamin D levels in previously obtained blood samples between survivors and confirmed fatalities could establish a rationale for implementation of widespread Vitamin D supplementation. This would be far cheaper and simpler than tocilizumab as a therapeutic option to trial."}, {"pmid": 32479106, "pmcid": "PMC7273461", "title": "Notice of Retraction: Effectiveness of Surgical and Cotton Masks in Blocking SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Bae, Seongman", "Kim, Min-Chul", "Kim, Ji Yeun", "Cha, Hye-Hee", "Lim, Joon Seo", "Jung, Jiwon", "Kim, Min-Jae", "Oh, Dong Kyu", "Lee, Mi-Kyung", "Choi, Seong-Ho", "Sung, Minki", "Hong, Sang-Bum", "Chung, Jin-Won", "Kim, Sung-Han"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479106", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356161, "pmcid": "PMC7192662", "title": "Important lessons for infection control in radiology departments during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Devaraj, Anand"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416414, "pmcid": "PMC7202332", "title": "Genetic predisposition models to COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Darbeheshti, Farzaneh", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416414", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32132196, "pmcid": "PMC7180250", "title": "Improved Molecular Diagnosis of COVID-19 by the Novel, Highly Sensitive and Specific COVID-19-RdRp/Hel Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay Validated In Vitro and with Clinical Specimens.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Tang, Tommy Hing-Cheung", "Wong, Sally Cheuk-Ying", "Leung, Kit-Hang", "Fung, Agnes Yim-Fong", "Ng, Anthony Chin-Ki", "Zou, Zijiao", "Tsoi, Hoi-Wah", "Choi, Garnet Kwan-Yue", "Tam, Anthony Raymond", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32132196", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization was informed of a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China. Subsequent investigations identified a novel coronavirus, now named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), from the affected patients. Highly sensitive and specific laboratory diagnostics are important for controlling the rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2-associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. In this study, we developed and compared the performance of three novel real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)/helicase (Hel), spike (S), and nucleocapsid (N) genes of SARS-CoV-2 with that of the reported RdRp-P2 assay, which is used in >30 European laboratories. Among the three novel assays, the COVID-19-RdRp/Hel assay had the lowest limit of detection in vitro (1.8 50% tissue culture infective doses [TCID50]/ml with genomic RNA and 11.2 RNA copies/reaction with in vitro RNA transcripts). Among 273 specimens from 15 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Hong Kong, 77 (28.2%) were positive by both the COVID-19-RdRp/Hel and RdRp-P2 assays. The COVID-19-RdRp/Hel assay was positive for an additional 42 RdRp-P2-negative specimens (119/273 [43.6%] versus 77/273 [28.2%]; P < 0.001), including 29/120 (24.2%) respiratory tract specimens and 13/153 (8.5%) non-respiratory tract specimens. The mean viral load of these specimens was 3.21\u2009\u00d7\u2009104 RNA copies/ml (range, 2.21\u2009\u00d7\u2009102 to 4.71\u2009\u00d7\u2009105 RNA copies/ml). The COVID-19-RdRp/Hel assay did not cross-react with other human-pathogenic coronaviruses and respiratory pathogens in cell culture and clinical specimens, whereas the RdRp-P2 assay cross-reacted with SARS-CoV in cell culture. The highly sensitive and specific COVID-19-RdRp/Hel assay may help to improve the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32474031, "pmcid": "PMC7263270", "title": "Experience of short-term hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in COVID-19 patients and effect on QTc trend.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Hor, Chee Peng", "Hussin, Narwani", "Nalliah, Saravanaa", "Ooi, Way Ti", "Tang, Xing Yi", "Zachariah, Sara", "Jugindar Singh, Gurpreet Pal Singh", "Abdul Rani, Rosilawati", "Perumal, Kunaraj", "Cheah, Wee Kooi"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474031", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389697, "pmcid": "PMC7204750", "title": "Plasmapheresis treatment in COVID-19-related autoimmune meningoencephalitis: Case series.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Dogan, Lerzan", "Kaya, Dilaver", "Sarikaya, Tugce", "Zengin, Rehile", "Dincer, Alp", "Akinci, Ibrahim Ozkan", "Afsar, Nazire"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389697", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection has the potential for a high mortality rate. In this paper, we report the results of plasmapheresis treatment in a series of severely ill patients with COVID-19-related autoimmune meningoencephalitis in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)."}, {"pmid": 32525979, "title": "Airborne SARS-CoV-2 is Rapidly Inactivated by Simulated Sunlight.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Schuit, Michael", "Ratnesar-Shumate, Shanna", "Yolitz, Jason", "Williams, Gregory", "Weaver, Wade", "Green, Brian", "Miller, David", "Krause, Melissa", "Beck, Katie", "Wood, Stewart", "Holland, Brian", "Bohannon, Jordan", "Freeburger, Denise", "Hooper, Idris", "Biryukov, Jennifer", "Altamura, Louis A", "Wahl, Victoria", "Hevey, Michael", "Dabisch, Paul"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aerosols represent a potential route of transmission of COVID-19. This study examined the effect of simulated sunlight, relative humidity, and suspension matrix on the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols. Both simulated sunlight and matrix significantly affected the decay rate of the virus. Relative humidity alone did not affect the decay rate; however, minor interactions between relative humidity and the other factors were observed. Decay rates in simulated saliva, under simulated sunlight levels representative of late winter/early fall and summer were 0.121\u00b10.017 min-1 (90% loss: 19 minutes) and 0.379\u00b10.072 min-1 (90% loss: 6 minutes), respectively. The mean decay rate without simulated sunlight across all relative humidity levels was 0.008\u00b10.011 min-1 (90% loss: 125 minutes). These results suggest that the potential for aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 may be dependent on environmental conditions, particularly sunlight. These data may be useful to inform mitigation strategies to minimize the potential for aerosol transmission."}, {"pmid": 32272199, "pmcid": "PMC7136886", "title": "COVID-19 is not just a flu. Learn from Italy and act now.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["De Giorgio, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272199", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320477, "pmcid": "PMC7264731", "title": "Chloroquine Dosing Recommendations for Pediatric COVID-19 Supported by Modeling and Simulation.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Verscheijden, Laurens F M", "van der Zanden, Tjitske M", "van Bussel, Lianne P M", "de Hoop-Sommen, Marika", "Russel, Frans G M", "Johnson, Trevor N", "de Wildt, Saskia N"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320477", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As chloroquine (CHQ) is part of the Dutch Centre for Infectious Disease Control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experimental treatment guideline, pediatric dosing guidelines are needed. Recent pediatric data suggest that existing World Health Organization (WHO) dosing guidelines for children with malaria are suboptimal. The aim of our study was to establish best-evidence to inform pediatric CHQ doses for children infected with COVID-19. A previously developed physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK)\u00a0model for CHQ was used to simulate exposure in adults and children and verified against published pharmacokinetic data. The COVID-19 recommended adult dosage regimen of 44\u00a0mg/kg total was tested in adults and children to evaluate the extent of variation in exposure. Based on differences in area under the concentration-time curve from zero to 70 hours (AUC0-70h ) the optimal CHQ dose was determined in children of different ages compared with adults. Revised doses were re-introduced into the model to verify that overall CHQ exposure in each age band was within 5% of the predicted adult value. Simulations showed differences in drug exposure in children of different ages and adults when the same body-weight based dose is given. As such, we propose the following total cumulative doses: 35\u00a0mg/kg (CHQ base) for children 0-1\u00a0month, 47\u00a0mg/kg for 1-6\u00a0months, 55\u00a0mg/kg for 6\u00a0months-12\u00a0years, and 44\u00a0mg/kg for adolescents and adults, not to exceed 3,300\u00a0mg in any patient. Our study supports age-adjusted CHQ dosing in children with COVID-19 in order to avoid suboptimal or toxic doses. The knowledge-driven, model-informed dose selection paradigm can serve as a science-based alternative to recommend pediatric dosing when pediatric clinical trial data is absent."}, {"pmid": 32470210, "title": "Obesity is associated with worse outcomes in COVID-19: Analysis of Early Data From New York City.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Hajifathalian, Kaveh", "Kumar, Sonal", "Newberry, Carolyn", "Shah, Shawn", "Fortune, Brett", "Krisko, Tibor", "Ortiz-Pujols, Shiara", "Zhou, Xi Kathy", "Dannenberg, Andrew J", "Kumar, Rekha", "Sharaiha, Reem Z"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470210", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has triggered a rapidly-expanding global pandemic in which patients exhibit a wide spectrum of disease severity. Given the high prevalence of obesity in the United States, we hypothesized that the presence of obesity may play a role in the clinical course of COVID-19 patients. This is a retrospective review of adult patients admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2. Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and clinical outcomes were abstracted. BMI (kg/m2 ) was analyzed with regard to a composite outcome of ICU admission or death, and intubation rate. 770 patients were included (61% male, mean age 63.5 yrs). Obese patients were more likely to present with fever, cough and shortness of breath. Obesity was also associated with a significantly higher rate of ICU admission or death (RR = 1.58, p = 0.002) even after adjusting for age, race and troponin level. Obese patients had an increased risk of critical illness leading to ICU admission or death compared to normal weight individuals. This study confirms that obesity is a major risk factor for COVID-19 disease severity, significantly impacting disease presentation and critical care requirements."}, {"pmid": 32500714, "title": "Removal of percutaneous K-wires used in paediatric fracture stabilisation under IV sedation: a cost-effective and timesaving service delivery in the COVID-19 pandemic setting.", "journal": "Ann R Coll Surg Engl", "authors": ["Thiruvasagam, V", "Wong, C", "Ahmed, S"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500714", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407062, "title": "COVID-2019. How to decrease the risk of infection in dental practice?", "journal": "Minerva Stomatol", "authors": ["Sales, Pedro H", "Sales, Priscila L", "Da Hora Sales, Maria L"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407062", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new Pandemic classified by the World Health Organization and called COVID-19, is causing widespread respiratory infections and deaths in several countries on the 5 continents. Although it does not have a high lethality rate, this new virus can present rates of complications and hospitalizations in the intensive care unit in up to 20% of patients, especially the elderly and those with compromised health, which can cause a collapse in the health system national public health. Dentistry is one of the most vulnerable professions due to work in the oral cavity, one of the areas with the highest concentration of the virus, therefore having an important role in controlling the disease. The objective of this work is through a review of the current literature, to establish conducts that can reduce the contamination by COVID-19 between the population and the dental team during the service in the public and private health system."}, {"pmid": 32442248, "title": "Testing for Novel Covid-19 antibodies: a necessary adjunct.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Daverio, Marco", "Amigoni, Angela", "Cavicchiolo, Maria Elena"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442248", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436571, "title": "Associations of Early COVID-19 Cases in San Francisco with Domestic and International Travel.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gu, Wei", "Deng, Xianding", "Reyes, Kevin", "Hsu, Elaine", "Wang, Candace", "Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Alicia", "Federman, Scot", "Bushnell, Brian", "Miller, Steve", "Chiu, Charles"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436571", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early-to-mid March 2020, 20 of 46 (43%) COVID-19 cases at a tertiary care hospital in San Francisco, California were travel-related. Cases were significantly associated with travel to Europe or New York (odds ratio 32.9). Viral genomes recovered from 9 of 12 (75%) cases co-clustered with lineages circulating in Europe."}, {"pmid": 32203693, "pmcid": "PMC7138150", "title": "Mass gathering events and reducing further global spread of COVID-19: a political and public health dilemma.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["McCloskey, Brian", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Blumberg, Lucille", "Arbon, Paul", "Cicero, Anita", "Endericks, Tina", "Lim, Poh Lian", "Borodina, Maya"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203693", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528624, "pmcid": "PMC7266481", "title": "COVID-19: a perspective for lifting lockdown in Zimbabwe.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Dzobo, Mathias", "Chitungo, Itai", "Dzinamarira, Tafadzwa"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528624", "countries": ["Zimbabwe"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) scourge has challenged the world's health systems and presented multiple socio-economic and public health challenges to the states it has affected. Zimbabwe has been affected by the pandemic, and in response, the government has set up an array of measures, including a national lockdown, to curb transmission. While it is critical to maintain such vigorous containment measures, socio-economic pressures in Zimbabwe will challenge the sustainability of the lockdown. Given the potential for lift of the lockdown before the Covid-19 pandemic ends, we discuss the Covid-19 pandemic situation in Zimbabwe and viewpoints on important considerations and strategies for lifting the lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32378325, "pmcid": "PMC7267154", "title": "Preliminary Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Italian Liver Transplant Programs.", "journal": "Liver Transpl", "authors": ["Agnes, Salvatore", "Andorno, Enzo", "Avolio, Alfonso W", "Baccarani, Umberto", "Carraro, Amedeo", "Cescon, Matteo", "Cillo, Umberto", "Colledan, Michele", "De Carlis, Luciano", "De Simone, Paolo", "De Ville De Goyet, Jean", "Di Benedetto, Fabrizio", "Ettorre, Giuseppe M", "Gringeri, Enrico", "Gruttadauria, Salvatore", "Lupo, Luigi G", "Mazzaferro, Vincenzo", "Regalia, Enrico", "Romagnoli, Renato", "Rossi, Giorgio E", "Rossi, Massimo", "Spada, Marco", "Tisone, Giuseppe", "Vennarecci, Giovanni", "Vivarelli, Marco", "Zamboni, Fausto", "Boggi, Ugo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378325", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Liver Transplant Programs in Italy have faced a sequela of management and clinical decision-making problems due to the high incidence in some regions of the country of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The Italian Society for Organ Transplantation (SITO) and the Board of Liver Transplant Program Directors issued a survey to assess the initial impact of this pandemic event on the routine activity of 22 Italian Liver Transplant Programs. One hundred percent of participants completed the survey within a few days. The analysis is presented dividing the centers in two macro-areas: north-central Italy and south-central Italy. The reason for this is that the two areas had a different incidence of the infection and because they have distinctive rates of cadaveric donation. Overall, all centers remained open although a reduction in the activity was noted. Transplant Programs reduced their outpatient activity both in terms of pre-transplant evaluation (68% of the centers) and transplant recipient follow-up (100%); a reduction in transplant activity was observed in the first two weeks of March only in the north-central macro area (23 LTs vs 39 in 2018 and 60 in 2019); overall, SARS-CoV-2 infection was registered for 24 liver transplant recipients and 37 health care providers in liver transplant units. In the perspective of the increasing magnitude of the epidemic, more data will be required to define appropriate strategies for the increasingly complex management of liver transplant patients."}, {"pmid": 32379935, "pmcid": "PMC7267361", "title": "Response to \"Lupus anticoagulant is frequent in patients with Covid-19\".", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Tang, Ning"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379935", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the letter from Dr. In\u00e8s Harzallah, et al. Antiphospholipid antibody assays including lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anticardiolipin and anti-\u03b22-glycoprotein I have also been performed in dozens of our patients, however, very few of them got positive results, we don't think that antiphospholipid antibody exists universally in COVID-19 patients. In addition, two of the three reported cases with antiphospholipid antibodies mentioned in the letter [1] also seem to meet the International Society on Haemostasis and Thrombosis (ISTH) criteria of disseminated intravascular coagulation [2], the causality between antiphospholipid antibodies and thrombosis in these cases is still uncertain."}, {"pmid": 32374891, "pmcid": "PMC7267607", "title": "Convalescent plasma to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): considerations for clinical trial design.", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Barone, Paul", "DeSimone, Robert A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374891", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277367, "pmcid": "PMC7145936", "title": "Rheumatologists' perspective on coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and potential therapeutic targets.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Misra, Durga Prasanna", "Agarwal, Vikas", "Gasparyan, Armen Yuri", "Zimba, Olena"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277367", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a matter of global concern. Environmental factors such as\u00a0air pollution and smoking and comorbid conditions (hypertension, diabetes mellitus and underlying cardio-respiratory illness) likely increase the severity of COVID-19. Rheumatic manifestations such as\u00a0arthralgias and arthritis may be prevalent in about a seventh of individuals. COVID-19 can result in acute interstitial pneumonia, myocarditis, leucopenia (with lymphopenia) and thrombocytopenia, also seen in rheumatic diseases like lupus and Sjogren's syndrome. Severe disease in a subset of patients may be driven by cytokine storm, possibly due to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), akin to that in systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis or adult-onset Still's disease. In the absence of high-quality evidence in this emerging disease, understanding of pathogenesis may help postulate potential therapies. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) appears important for viral entry into pneumocytes; dysbalance in ACE2 as caused by ACE inhibitors or ibuprofen may predispose to severe disease. Preliminary evidence suggests potential benefit with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. Antiviral drugs like lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir and remdesivir are also being explored. Cytokine storm and secondary HLH might require heightened immunosuppressive regimens. Current international society recommendations suggest that patients with rheumatic diseases on immunosuppressive therapy should not stop glucocorticoids during COVID-19 infection, although minimum possible doses may be used. Disease-modifying drugs should be continued; cessation may be considered during infection episodes as per standard practices. Development of a vaccine may be the only effective long-term protection against this disease.Key Points\u2022 Patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) may have features mimicking rheumatic diseases, such as arthralgias, acute interstitial pneumonia, myocarditis, leucopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and cytokine storm with features akin to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.\u2022 Although preliminary results may be encouraging, high-quality clinical trials are needed to better understand the role of drugs commonly used in rheumatology like hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab in COVID-19.\u2022 Until further evidence emerges, it may be cautiously recommended to continue glucocorticoids and other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in patients receiving these therapies, with discontinuation of DMARDs during infections as per standard practice."}, {"pmid": 32305506, "pmcid": "PMC7161528", "title": "Renin-angiotensin system at the heart of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Biochimie", "authors": ["Alifano, Marco", "Alifano, Pietro", "Forgez, Patricia", "Iannelli, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305506", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Significant aspects of COVID-19 pandemic remain obscure. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a component of the renin-angiotensin system, whose expression dominates on lung alveolar epithelial cells, is the human cell receptor of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. We strongly encourage the concept that thorough considerations of receptor-ligand interactions should be kept at the heart of scientific debate on infection. In this idea, the whole renin-angiotensin system has to be evaluated. We hypothesize that factors related to ethnicity, environment, behaviors, associated illness, and medications involving this complex system are probably responsible for situations regarded as anomalous from both an epidemiological and a clinical point of view, but, taken together, such factors may explain most of the aspects of current outbreak. We decided to use the analogy of a play and speculate about the possible impact in this tragedy of 1) air pollution via the interference of nitrogen dioxide on ACE2 expression; 2) the dual role of nicotine; 3) the hypothetical involvement of ACE2 polymorphisms, the relationships of which with ethnic factors and susceptibility to cardiovascular disease seems intriguing; 4) the impact on the severity of infection of hypertension and related medications acting on the renin/angiotensin system, and, finally, 5) the possible helpful role of chloroquine, thanks to its capacity of modifying ACE2 affinity to the viral spike protein by altering glycosylation. This hypothesis paper is an urgent call for the development of research programs that aim at questioning whether the putative protagonists of this tragedy are real-life actors in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32419879, "pmcid": "PMC7225709", "title": "Best practice recommendations: ENT consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Lescanne, E", "van der Mee-Marquet, N", "Juvanon, J-M", "Abbas, A", "Morel, N", "Klein, J-M", "Hanau, M", "Couloigner, V"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419879", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "These best practice recommendations for ENT consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic have been drawn up because ENT examinations and treatments are at risk of contamination by the SARS-Cov-2 virus in certain instances. Thus, ENT specialists are among the professionals who are most exposed to this infection. During the pandemic, insofar as an asymptomatic patient may be infected and contagious, the same precautions must be employed whether the patient is ill with, suspected of having, or without any clinical evidence of COVID-19 infection. According to the scientific data available, the examinations and procedures potentially exposing to projections/aerosolizations of organic material of human origin are considered to be at risk of staff contamination. For ENT examinations and procedures without exposure to such projections/aerosolizations, the professional is advised to a long sleeve clean outfit, a surgical mask and gloves in case of contact with the patient's mucosa. ENT examinations and procedures with exposure to these projections/aerosolizations require the so-called \"airborne\", \"contact\", and \"droplets\" additional precautions: FFP2/N95 respiratory protection device, eye protection, disposable headwear and long sleeve overgown."}, {"pmid": 32516772, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection and High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Are There Any Common Features?", "journal": "Urol Int", "authors": ["Busetto, Gian Maria", "Porreca, Angelo", "Del Giudice, Francesco", "Maggi, Martina", "D'Agostino, Daniele", "Romagnoli, Daniele", "Musi, Gennaro", "Lucarelli, Giuseppe", "Palmer, Katie", "Colonna di Paliano, Ascanio", "Muto, Matteo", "Hurle, Rodolfo", "Terracciano, Daniela", "de Cobelli, Ottavio", "Sciarra, Alessandro", "De Berardinis, Ettore", "Ferro, Matteo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516772", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak is a huge health, social and economic issue and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Bladder cancer, on the contrary, is a well-known disease burdened by a high rate of affected patients and risk of recurrence, progression and death. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV) often involves mild clinical symptoms but in some cases, it can lead to pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction. Factors associated with developing a more severe disease are increased age, obesity, smoking and chronic underlying comorbidities (including diabetes mellitus). High-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) progression and worse prognosis are also characterized by a higher incidence in patients with risk factors similar to COVID-19. Immune system response and inflammation have been found as a common hallmark of both diseases. Most severe cases of COVID-19 and high-risk NMIBC patients at higher recurrence and progression risk are characterized by innate and adaptive immune activation followed by inflammation and cytokine/chemokine storm (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-6, IL-8). Alterations in neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets accompany the systemic inflammatory response to cancer and infections. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio for example have been recognized as factors related to poor prognosis for many solid tumors, including bladder cancer, and their role has been found important even for the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Key Messages: All these mechanisms should be further analyzed in order to find new therapeutic agents and new strategies to block infection and cancer progression. Further than commonly used therapies, controlling cytokine production and inflammatory response is a promising field."}, {"pmid": 32497028, "title": "Evidence for Limited Early Spread of COVID-19 Within the United States, January-February 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Jorden, Michelle A", "Rudman, Sarah L", "Villarino, Elsa", "Hoferka, Stacey", "Patel, Megan T", "Bemis, Kelley", "Simmons, Cristal R", "Jespersen, Megan", "Iberg Johnson, Jenna", "Mytty, Elizabeth", "Arends, Katherine D", "Henderson, Justin J", "Mathes, Robert W", "Weng, Charlene X", "Duchin, Jeffrey", "Lenahan, Jennifer", "Close, Natasha", "Bedford, Trevor", "Boeckh, Michael", "Chu, Helen Y", "Englund, Janet A", "Famulare, Michael", "Nickerson, Deborah A", "Rieder, Mark J", "Shendure, Jay", "Starita, Lea M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497028", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From January 21 through February 23, 2020, public health agencies detected 14 U.S. cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), all related to travel from China (1,2). The first nontravel-related U.S. case was confirmed on February 26 in a California resident who had become ill on February 13 (3). Two days later, on February 28, a second nontravel-related case was confirmed in the state of Washington (4,5). Examination of four lines of evidence provides insight into the timing of introduction and early transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, into the United States before the detection of these two cases. First, syndromic surveillance based on emergency department records from counties affected early by the pandemic did not show an increase in visits for COVID-19-like illness before February 28. Second, retrospective SARS-CoV-2 testing of approximately 11,000 respiratory specimens from several U.S. locations beginning January 1 identified no positive results before February 20. Third, analysis of viral RNA sequences from early cases suggested that a single lineage of virus imported directly or indirectly from China began circulating in the United States between January 18 and February 9, followed by several SARS-CoV-2 importations from Europe. Finally, the occurrence of three cases, one in a California resident who died on February 6, a second in another resident of the same county who died February 17, and a third in an unidentified passenger or crew member aboard a Pacific cruise ship that left San Francisco on February 11, confirms cryptic circulation of the virus by early February. These data indicate that sustained, community transmission had begun before detection of the first two nontravel-related U.S. cases, likely resulting from the importation of a single lineage of virus from China in late January or early February, followed by several importations from Europe. The widespread emergence of COVID-19 throughout the United States after February highlights the importance of robust public health systems to respond rapidly to emerging infectious threats."}, {"pmid": 32394688, "title": "[Chronic granulocytic leukemia with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Sheng, L S", "Li, D J", "Zhou, J F", "Huang, W"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394688", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415560, "pmcid": "PMC7225401", "title": "Bronchoalveolar lavage findings in severe COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Voiriot, Guillaume", "Fajac, Anne", "Lopinto, Julien", "Labbe, Vincent", "Fartoukh, Muriel"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415560", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404640, "pmcid": "PMC7268826", "title": "Usefulness of telerehabilitation for stroke patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Chang, Min Cheol", "Boudier-Reveret, Mathieu"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404640", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516844, "title": "Comment on Han et al: Analysis of heart injury laboratory parameters in 273 COVID-19 patients in one hospital in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Boyou", "Zhang, Jie", "Qian, Banglun", "Han, Wei", "Liu, Yukang", "Liu, Wenliang"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516844", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32113507, "pmcid": "PMC7133597", "title": "Lessons for managing high-consequence infections from first COVID-19 cases in the UK.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Moss, Peter", "Barlow, Gavin", "Easom, Nicholas", "Lillie, Patrick", "Samson, Anda"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113507", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452455, "pmcid": "PMC7165088", "title": "Professional autonomy and liability of the resident doctor: Between the hammer and the anvil.", "journal": "J Forensic Leg Med", "authors": ["Cioffi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452455", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Within the regime of professional liability of doctors in training, the limits and the medico-legal aspects of their professional duties are not well-defined. The Italian Court of Cassation established in its sentence no. 26311/2019 that resident doctors do not work at hospitals just to receive their professional training. They are, indeed, licensed physicians and therefore bear full responsibility for the acts performed within the compass of their professional activity. The purpose of this article is to briefly define the possible consequences of this judgment."}, {"pmid": 32347894, "title": "The Risks of Prescribing Hydroxychloroquine for Treatment of COVID-19-First, Do No Harm.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["DeJong, Colette", "Wachter, Robert M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347894", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441430, "title": "COVID-19 and its implications for Dermatology and Venereology.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Ring, J"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441430", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334644, "pmcid": "PMC7180016", "title": "Reflecting on World Asthma Day in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["The Lancet Respiratory Medicine"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334644", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344306, "pmcid": "PMC7175881", "title": "Is Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) seen less in countries more exposed to Malaria?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Sargin, Gokhan", "Yavasoglu, Sare Ilknur", "Yavasoglu, Irfan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344306", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380787, "title": "Acute Kidney Injury in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Direct Effect of Virus on Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Soleimani, Manoocher"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380787", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs), including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and the novel coronavirus disease-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are a group of enveloped RNA viruses that cause a severe respiratory infection which is associated with a high mortality [...]."}, {"pmid": 32236295, "title": "The surgeons and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Col Bras Cir", "authors": ["Correia, M Isabel T D", "Ramos, Rodrigo Felippe", "Bahten, Luiz Carlos Von"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current world Covid-19 pandemic has been the most discussed topic in the media and scientific journals. Fear, uncertainty, and lack of knowledge about the disease may be the significant factors that justify such reality. It has been known that the disease presents with a rapidly spreading, it is significantly more severe among the elderly, and it has a substantial global socioeconomic impact. Besides the challenges associated with the unknown, there are other factors, such as the deluge of information. In this regard, the high number of scientific publications, encompassing in vitro, case studies, observational and randomized clinical studies, and even systematic reviews add up to the uncertainty. Such a situation is even worse when considering that most healthcare professionals lack adequate knowledge to critically appraise the scientific method, something that has been previously addressed by some authors. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that expert societies supported by data provided by the World Health Organization and the National Health Department take the lead in spreading trustworthy and reliable information. The Brazilian College of Surgeons suggests in this document various initiatives that may help surgeons, healthcare providers, and patients who will have to face a surgical event under the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32303495, "title": "Clinical features of covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Vetter, Pauline", "Vu, Diem Lan", "L'Huillier, Arnaud G", "Schibler, Manuel", "Kaiser, Laurent", "Jacquerioz, Frederique"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303495", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356225, "pmcid": "PMC7191133", "title": "Intravesical therapy for bladder cancer in the pandemic of Covid-19.", "journal": "World J Urol", "authors": ["Teoh, Jeremy Y C", "Roupret, Morgan", "Shariat, Shahrokh F", "Herrmann, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354022, "title": "ACE2: The key Molecule for Understanding the Pathophysiology of Severe and Critical Conditions of COVID-19: Demon or Angel?", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Xiao, Li", "Sakagami, Hiroshi", "Miwa, Nobuhiko"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354022", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the SARS-CoV-2 induced disease COVID-19 has spread all over the world. Nearly 20% of the patients have severe or critical conditions. SARS-CoV-2 exploits ACE2 for host cell entry. ACE2 plays an essential role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. ACE2 also protects organs from inflammatory injuries and regulates intestinal functions. ACE2 can be shed by two proteases, ADAM17 and TMPRSS2. TMPRSS2-cleaved ACE2 allows SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, whereas ADAM17-cleaved ACE2 offers protection to organs. SARS-CoV-2 infection-caused ACE2 dysfunction worsens COVID-19 and could initiate multi-organ failure. Here, we will explain the role of ACE2 in the pathogenesis of severe and critical conditions of COVID-19 and discuss auspicious strategies for controlling the disease."}, {"pmid": 32504213, "title": "Risk of a second wave of Covid-19 infections: using artificial intelligence to investigate stringency of physical distancing policies in North America.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Vaid, Shashank", "McAdie, Aaron", "Kremer, Ran", "Khanduja, Vikas", "Bhandari, Mohit"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504213", "countries": ["United States", "Canada", "Sweden"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Accurately forecasting the occurrence of future covid-19-related cases across relaxed (Sweden) and stringent (USA and Canada) policy contexts has a renewed sense of urgency. Moreover, there is a need for a multidimensional county-level approach to monitor the second wave of covid-19 in the USA. We use an artificial intelligence framework based on timeline of policy interventions that triangulated results based on the three approaches-Bayesian susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR), Kalman filter, and machine learning. Our findings suggest three important insights. First, the effective growth rate of covid-19 infections dropped in response to the approximate dates of key policy interventions. We find that the change points for spreading rates approximately coincide with the timelines of policy interventions across respective countries. Second, forecasted trend until mid-June in the USA was downward trending, stable, and linear. Sweden is likely\u00a0to be heading in the other direction. That is, Sweden's forecasted trend until mid-June appears to be non-linear and upward trending. Canada appears to fall somewhere in the middle-the\u00a0trend for the same period is flat. Third, a Kalman filter based robustness check indicates that by mid-June the USA will likely have close to two million virus cases, while Sweden will likely have over 44,000 covid-19 cases. We show that drop in effective growth rate of covid-19 infections was sharper in the case of stringent policies (USA and Canada) but was more gradual in the case of relaxed policy (Sweden). Our study exhorts policy makers to take these results into account as they consider the implications of relaxing lockdown measures."}, {"pmid": 32307803, "pmcid": "PMC7264766", "title": "Caring for Patients with Advanced Stage Cancer at the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Brunello, Antonella", "Zagonel, Vittorina"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307803", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179659, "title": "COVID-19 in Children: Initial Characterization of the Pediatric Disease.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Cruz, Andrea T", "Zeichner, Steven L"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179659", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483929, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ophthalmological emergency department visits.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Pellegrini, Marco", "Roda, Matilde", "Lupardi, Enrico", "Di Geronimo, Natalie", "Giannaccare, Giuseppe", "Schiavi, Costantino"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483929", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443430, "title": "How to Influence Rural Tourism Intention by Risk Knowledge during COVID-19 Containment in China: Mediating Role of Risk Perception and Attitude.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Zhu, Hui", "Deng, Fumin"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443430", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With both cost and safety taken into account in the context of the life-threatening COVID-19 pandemic globally, rural tourism is expected to be the top choice for Chinese residents for relaxation and enhancing parent-child relationships. In this paper, a structural equation (SEM) model was proposed to compare risk knowledge, risk perception, risk aversion attitudes and behavioral intentions towards rural tourism. According to the empirical results, there was a large proportion of tourists showing preference for rural tourism recently. Potential participants in rural tourism paid most attention to the performance realization and time cost of scenic spots, while the psycho-social risk posed by COVID-19 had little impact. The inherent risk nature of risk aversion attitudes made knowledge of the pneumonia risk less effective in reducing tourists' intentions, while knowledge of the pneumonia risk was more effective in alleviating the risk perception that potential tourists have towards rural tourism. With regard to travel intention and recommendation intention of rural tourism, the negative impacts of risk aversion attitude were more considerable compared to risk perception. Meanwhile, the parallel mediating effect of risk perception and risk aversion attitude in rural tourism needed to be taken into consideration together."}, {"pmid": 32503076, "title": "Management of Care for Neonates Born to SARS-CoV-2 Positive Women with or without Clinical Symptoms (COVID-19).", "journal": "Klin Padiatr", "authors": ["Simon, Arne", "Hubner, Johannes", "Knuf, Markus", "Hufnagel, Markus", "Berner, Reinhard"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503076", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293580, "pmcid": "PMC7187765", "title": "Global Reach of an Online COVID-19 Course in Multiple Languages on OpenWHO in the First Quarter of 2020: Analysis of Platform Use Data.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Utunen, Heini", "Ndiaye, Ngouille", "Piroux, Corentin", "George, Richelle", "Attias, Melissa", "Gamhewage, Gaya"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293580", "countries": ["Colombia", "Peru", "India", "Chile", "Spain", "Mexico", "United Kingdom", "Argentina", "United States", "Ecuador"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the onset of the coronavirus outbreak, the World Health Organization's (WHO) Health Emergencies Learning and Capacity Development Unit, together with the WHO's health technical lead on coronaviruses, developed a massive open online course within 3 weeks as part of the global response to the emergency. The introductory coronavirus disease (COVID\u201119) course was launched on January 26, 2020, on the health emergencies learning platform OpenWHO.org. The aim of this paper is to investigate the geographic reach of different language courses accessed by a worldwide audience seeking information on COVID-19. Users' professional identities and backgrounds were explored to inform course owners on the use case. The course was developed and delivered via the open-access learning platform OpenWHO.org. The self-paced resources are available in a total of 13 languages and were produced between January 26 and March 25, 2020. Data were collected from the online courses' statistical data and metrics reporting system on the OpenWHO platform. User patterns and locations were analyzed based on Google Analytics and the platform's own statistics capabilities, and data sets were overlaid. This analysis was conducted based on user location, with the data disaggregated according to the six WHO regions, the top 10 countries, and the proportion of use for each language version. Data included affiliation, gender, age, and other parameters for 32.43% (52,214/161,007) of the users who indicated their background. As of March 25, 2020, the introductory COVID-19 course totaled 232,890 enrollments across all languages. The Spanish language course was comprised of more than half (n=118,754, 50.99%) of all course enrollments, and the English language course was comprised of 38.21% (n=88,988) of enrollments. The WHO's Region of the Americas accounted for most of the course enrollments, with more than 72.47% (138,503/191,130) enrollment across all languages. Other regions were more evenly distributed with less than 10% enrollment for each. A total of 32.43% (52,214/161,007) of users specified a professional affiliation by choosing from the 12 most common backgrounds in the OpenWHO user profiles. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, users were spread over the 11 distinct affiliations, with a small fraction of users identifying themselves as \"Other.\" With the COVID-19 introductory course, the largest number of users selected \"Other\" (16,527/52,214, 31.65%), suggesting a large number of users who were not health professionals or academics. The top 10 countries with the most users across all languages were Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, India, Mexico, Peru, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The online course has addressed a worldwide learning need by providing WHO's technical guidance packaged in simple formats for access and use. The learning material development was expedited to meet the onset of the epidemic. Initial data suggest that the various language versions of the course, in particular Spanish, have reached new user groups, fulfilling the platform's aim of providing learning everywhere to anyone that is interested. User surveys will be carried out to measure the real impact."}, {"pmid": 32085850, "pmcid": "PMC7129690", "title": "Initiation of a new infection control system for the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Xuejiao", "Tian, Junzhang", "Li, Guanming", "Li, Guowei"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32085850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303717, "pmcid": "PMC7164408", "title": "Caring for our cancer patients in the wake of COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Cancer", "authors": ["El-Shakankery, Karim Hussien", "Kefas, Joanna", "Crusz, Shanthini Mary"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303717", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to our current global pandemic, unprecedented healthcare changes may have significant consequences for cancer patients in the United Kingdom. We explore why cancer patients may be more susceptible to severe infection and complications, highlighting various interventions that may help to ensure continuity of care in this unique cohort."}, {"pmid": 32367025, "title": "Profile of a killer: the complex biology powering the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cyranoski, David"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367025", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339335, "pmcid": "PMC7267477", "title": "Hematologic parameters in patients with COVID-19 infection: a reply.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Fan, Bingwen Eugene"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339335", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458150, "pmcid": "PMC7250587", "title": "The role of the orthopaedic surgeon in the COVID-19 era: cautions and perspectives.", "journal": "J Exp Orthop", "authors": ["Ambrosio, Luca", "Vadala, Gianluca", "Russo, Fabrizio", "Papalia, Rocco", "Denaro, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revolutionized global healthcare in an unprecedented way and with unimaginable repercussions. Resource reallocation, socioeconomic confinement and reorganization of production activities are current challenges being faced both at the national and international levels, in a frame of uncertainty and fear. Hospitals have been restructured to provide the best care to COVID-19 patients while adopting preventive strategies not to spread the infection among healthcare providers and patients affected by other diseases. As a consequence, the concept of urgency and indications for elective treatments have been profoundly reshaped. In addition, several providers have been recruited in COVID-19 departments despite their original occupation, resulting in a profound rearrangement of both inpatient and outpatient care. Orthopaedic daily practice has been significantly affected by the pandemic. Surgical indications have been reformulated, with elective cases being promptly postponed and urgent interventions requiring exceptional attention, especially in suspected or COVID-19+ patients. This has made a strong impact on inpatient management, with the need of a dedicated staff, patient isolation and restrictive visiting hour policies. On the other hand, outpatient visits have been limited to reduce contacts between patients and the hospital personnel, with considerable consequences on post-operative quality of care and the human side of medical practice.In this review, we aim to analyze the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the orthopaedic practice. Particular attention will be dedicated to opportune surgical indication, perioperative care and safe management of both inpatients and outpatients, also considering repercussions of the pandemic on resident education and ethical implications."}, {"pmid": 32392400, "title": "Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on female sexual behavior.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Yuksel, Bahar", "Ozgor, Faruk"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392400", "countries": ["Turkey"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on female sexual behavior in women in Turkey. An observational study using data from a previous study conducted prior to the pandemic. We compared frequency of sexual intercourse, desire for pregnancy, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score, contraception type, and menstrual abnormalities among women during the pandemic with 6-12\u00a0months prior to the pandemic. Participants were contacted by telephone for questioning. Average frequency of sexual intercourse was significantly increased during the pandemic compared with 6-12\u00a0months prior (2.4 vs 1.9, P=0.001). Before the pandemic 19 (32.7%) participants desired to become pregnant, whereas during the pandemic it had decreased to 3 (5.1%) (P=0.001). Conversely, use of contraception during the pandemic significantly decreased among participants compared with prior (24 vs 10, P=0.004). Menstrual disorders were more common during the pandemic than before (27.6% vs 12.1%, P=0.008). Participants had significantly better FSFI scores before the pandemic compared with scores during the pandemic (20.52 vs 17.56, P=0.001). Sexual desire and frequency of intercourse significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas quality of sexual life significantly decreased. The pandemic is associated with decreased desire for pregnancy, decreased female contraception, and increased menstrual disorders."}, {"pmid": 32445579, "title": "Prognostic value of C-reactive protein in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Luo, Xiaomin", "Zhou, Wei", "Yan, Xiaojie", "Guo, Tangxi", "Wang, Benchao", "Xia, Hongxia", "Ye, Lu", "Xiong, Jun", "Jiang, Zongping", "Liu, Yu", "Zhang, Bicheng", "Yang, Weize"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445579", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level was observed in most patients with COVID-19. Data of COVID-19 patients with clinical outcome in a designated hospital in Wuhan, China, were retrospectively collected and analyzed from Jan 30 to Feb 20, 2020. The prognostic value of admission CRP was evaluated in patients with COVID-19. Out of 298 patients enrolled, 84 died and 214 recovered. Most non-survivors tended to be males, old aged, or with chronic diseases. Compared to survivors, non-survivors showed significantly elevated white blood cell and neutrophil count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII, defined by platelet count multiply by NLR), CRP, procalcitonin, and D-dimer, and decreased red blood cell, lymphocyte, and platelet count. Age, neutrophil count, platelet count, and CRP were identified as independent predictors of adverse outcome. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of CRP (0.896) was significantly higher than that of age (0.833), neutrophil count (0.820), and platelet count (0.678) in outcome prediction (all p<0.05). With a cut-off value of 41.4, CRP exhibited sensitivity 90.5%, specificity 77.6%, positive predictive value 61.3%, and negative predictive value 95.4%. Subgroup analysis revealed that CRP remained robust accuracy in adverse outcome prediction in patients with different disease severity (AUC 0.832, z=10.23, p<0.001; AUC 0.989, z=44.04, p<0.001). CRP was also an independent discriminator of severe/critical illness on admission (AUC 0.783, z=10.69, p<0.001). In patients with COVID-19, admission CRP correlated with disease severity and tended to be a good predictor of adverse outcome."}, {"pmid": 32389499, "pmcid": "PMC7252014", "title": "Inflamm-aging: Why older men are the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 complicated outcomes.", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Bonafe, Massimiliano", "Prattichizzo, Francesco", "Giuliani, Angelica", "Storci, Gianluca", "Sabbatinelli, Jacopo", "Olivieri, Fabiola"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389499", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by a high mortality of elderly men with age-related comorbidities. In most of these patients, uncontrolled local and systemic hyperinflammation induces severe and often lethal outcomes. The aging process is characterized by the gradual development of a chronic subclinical systemic inflammation (inflamm-aging) and by acquired immune system impairment (immune senescence). Here, we advance the hypothesis that four well-recognized features of aging contribute to the disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 mortality suffered by elderly men: i. the presence of subclinical systemic inflammation without overt disease, ii. a blunted acquired immune system and type I interferon response due to the chronic inflammation; iii. the downregulation of ACE2 (i.e. the SARS-CoV-2 receptor); and iv. accelerated biological aging. The high mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests that clarification of the mechanisms of inflamm-aging and immune senescence can help combat not only age-related disorders but also SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32302399, "pmcid": "PMC7188148", "title": "A COVID-19 Patient Who Underwent Endonasal Endoscopic Pituitary Adenoma Resection: A Case Report.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Zhu, Wende", "Huang, Xing", "Zhao, Hongyang", "Jiang, Xiaobing"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302399", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A pituitary adenoma patient who underwent surgery in our department was diagnosed with COVID-19 and 14 medical staff were confirmed infected later. This case has been cited several times but without accuracy or entirety, we feel obligated to report it and share our thoughts on the epidemic among medical staff and performing endonasal endoscopic surgery during COVID-19 pandemic. The patient developed a fever 3 d post endonasal endoscopic surgery during which cerebrospinal leak occurred, and was confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection later. Several medical staff outside the operating room were diagnosed with COVID-19, while the ones who participated in the surgery were not. The deceptive nature of COVID-19 results from its most frequent onset symptom, fever, a clich\u00e9 in neurosurgery, which makes it hard for surgeons to differentiate. The COVID-19 epidemic among medical staff in our department was deemed as postoperative rather than intraoperative transmission, and attributed to not applying sufficient personal airway protection. Proper personal protective equipment and social distancing between medical staff contributed to limiting epidemic since the initial outbreak. Emergency endonasal endoscopic surgeries are feasible since COVID-19 is still supposed to be containable when the surgeries are performed in negative pressure operating rooms with personal protective equipment and the patients are kept under quarantine postoperatively. However, we do not encourage elective surgeries during this pandemic, which might put patients in conditions vulnerable to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32189015, "title": "[Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): update for anesthesiologists and intensivists March 2020].", "journal": "Anaesthesist", "authors": ["Thomas-Ruddel, D", "Winning, J", "Dickmann, P", "Ouart, D", "Kortgen, A", "Janssens, U", "Bauer, M"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189015", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has reached Germany. The majority of people infected present with mild disease, but there are severe cases that need intensive care. Unlike other acute infectious diseases progressing to sepsis, the severe courses of COVID19 seemingly show prolonged progression from onset of first symptoms to life-threatening deterioration of (primarily) lung function. Diagnosis relies on PCR using specimens from the respiratory tract. Severe ARDS reflects the hallmark of a critical course of the disease. Preventing nosocomial infections (primarily by correct use of personal protective equipment) and maintenance of hospitals' operational capability are of utmost importance. Departments of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and emergency medicine will envisage major challenges."}, {"pmid": 32452417, "pmcid": "PMC7157939", "title": "New insights into the evolutionary features of viral overlapping genes by discriminant analysis.", "journal": "Virology", "authors": ["Pavesi, Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452417", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Overlapping genes originate by a mechanism of overprinting, in which nucleotide substitutions in a pre-existing frame induce the expression of a de novo protein from an alternative frame. In this study, I assembled a dataset of 319 viral overlapping genes, which included 82 overlaps whose expression is experimentally known and the respective 237 homologs. Principal component analysis revealed that overlapping genes have a common pattern of nucleotide and amino acid composition. Discriminant analysis separated overlapping from non-overlapping genes with an accuracy of 97%. When applied to overlapping genes with known genealogy, it separated ancestral from de novo frames with an accuracy close to 100%. This high discriminant power was crucial to computationally design variants of de novo viral proteins known to possess selective anticancer toxicity (apoptin) or protection against neurodegeneration (X protein), as well as to detect two new potential overlapping genes in the genome of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32239125, "title": "[Remdesivir, the antiviral hope against SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Rev Esp Quimioter", "authors": ["Reina, J"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239125", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019 a pneumonia outbreak caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was detected in the city of Wuhan (China). Due to the high capacity of diffusion and human infection it has become a new zoonotic pandemic. The absence of a vaccine has determined the search for antiviral drugs with the capacity to inhibit the replication of the new virus. Among them, remdesivir, an analogue of adenosine, is what seems to have a more promising future. This drug has shown in vitro and in animals a high capacity to block infection and viral replication with attainable concentrations in human plasma. Although all studies have been carried out with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, it seems that by virological and functional analogy, remdesivir is one of the few antiviral drugs with proven efficacy. However, studies and clinical trials in humans are required to know the result of their application in them."}, {"pmid": 32448805, "title": "Radiotherapy in Southern Italy at the time of COVID-19: options for radiation oncology units.", "journal": "Int J Gynecol Cancer", "authors": ["Pezzulla, Donato", "Macchia, Gabriella", "Taccari, Francesco", "Sticca, Giovanna", "Deodato, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448805", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to many countries and has been declared a global health emergency. Our center is located in the south of Italy where the infection rates were low and the clusters of COVID-19 positive patients were small and inhomogeneous. The aim of this short report is to share our experience as a starting point for the management of the steady state of the pandemic. The safety of the patients and department staff required a strict plan to minimize the risk of infection between operators whose absence would have made it impossible to carry out the radiotherapy treatments. The head of the radiotherapy unit and members of the Hospital Crisis Unit have put in place a series of measures to manage the emergency. A \"clean\" team has been established whose members are kept out of the radiotherapy unit for 2 weeks on rotation. Several separate work areas have been made in order to reduce direct contact between the staff. Each staff member has to wear protective equipment if close contact with patients is required. Before confirming a radiotherapy consult or a follow-up visit, telephone clinical and epidemiological screening is performed by nurses through a questionnaire regarding the presence of respiratory symptoms or eventual social contacts with COVID-19 positive people. Once the patients arrive in the hospital, a triage point at the entrance to the hospital performs a second screening and a temperature check. This management experience of a radiotherapy unit in Southern Italy could serve as a useful example for the future. In fact, in the steady state of infection many centers may face epidemiologically contagious numbers similar to those that we currently have in our region. These numbers require the maintenance of alert and precautionary measures which in our case seem to have worked."}, {"pmid": 32457558, "pmcid": "PMC7239619", "title": "COVID-19: Shades of Grey.", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Naithani, Nardeep", "Datta, Rakesh"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457558", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336079, "title": "Medical mask or N95 respirator: When and how to use?", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Azap, Alpay", "Erdinc, Fatma Sebnem"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336079", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is now a global threat on human health reaching up to 2 million infected people all around the World. Since its first recognition in Wuhan, many topics were discussed intensively about COVID-19, both in the public and scientific community. Personal protective equipments and especially masks were among the hottest topics during this pandemic. Regardless of which mask is used, performing hand hygiene frequently with an alcohol-based hand rub or with soap and water if hands are dirty; is the most effective preventive measure for COVID-19. The type of mask used when caring for COVID-19 patients will vary according to the setting, type of personnel/person, and activity. Although the main transmission route for COVID-19 is droplets, during aerosol generating procedures airborne transmission may occur. Keeping the distancing and medical masks and eye protection during close contact efficiently protects against respiratory diseases transmitted via droplets. Airborne precautions include goggles and respiratory protection with the use of an N95 or an equivalent mask respirator to prevent airborne transmission."}, {"pmid": 32459529, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine for Treatment or Prophylaxis of COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Hernandez, Adrian V", "Roman, Yuani M", "Pasupuleti, Vinay", "Barboza, Joshuan J", "White, C Michael"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459529", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have antiviral effects in vitro against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). To summarize evidence about the benefits and harms of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for the treatment or prophylaxis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). PubMed (via MEDLINE), EMBASE (via Ovid), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, bioRxiv, Preprints, ClinicalTrials.gov, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry from 1 December 2019 until 8 May 2020. Studies in any language reporting efficacy or safety outcomes from hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine use in any setting in adults or children with suspected COVID-19 or at risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Independent, dually performed data extraction and quality assessments. Four randomized controlled trials, 10 cohort studies, and 9 case series assessed treatment effects of the medications, but no studies evaluated prophylaxis. Evidence was conflicting and insufficient regarding the effect of hydroxychloroquine on such outcomes as all-cause mortality, progression to severe disease, clinical symptoms, and upper respiratory virologic clearance with antigen testing. Several studies found that patients receiving hydroxychloroquine developed a QTc interval of 500 ms or greater, but the proportion of patients with this finding varied among the studies. Two studies assessed the efficacy of chloroquine; 1 trial, which compared higher-dose (600 mg twice daily for 10 days) with lower-dose (450 mg twice daily on day 1 and once daily for 4 days) therapy, was stopped owing to concern that the higher dose therapy increased lethality and QTc interval prolongation. An observational study that compared adults with COVID-19 receiving chloroquine phosphate 500 mg once or twice daily with patients not receiving chloroquine found minor fever resolution and virologic clearance benefits with chloroquine. There were few controlled studies, and control for confounding was inadequate in observational studies. Evidence on the benefits and harms of using hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine to treat COVID-19 is very weak and conflicting. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality."}, {"pmid": 32487714, "title": "Cranial Neuropathies and COVID-19: Neurotropism and Autoimmunity.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Costello, Fiona", "Dalakas, Marinos C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487714", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or \"COVID-19\" global pandemic began in late 2019. Like its predecessors, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), COVID-19 binds to angiotension converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors to facilitate tissue invasion, and potentially gain entry into the nervous system.1 This single-stranded RNA virus shares 75-80% identical genome sequence with MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, but has increased virulence, persistence, and lethality.2 Amid catastrophic human suffering, severe neurological complications of COVID-19 have been identified; yet, subtle neurological manifestations have likely been under-reported."}, {"pmid": 32294713, "title": "Personality differences and COVID-19: are extroversion and conscientiousness personality traits associated with engagement with containment measures?", "journal": "Trends Psychiatry Psychother", "authors": ["Carvalho, Lucas de F", "Pianowski, Giselle", "Goncalves, Andre P"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294713", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of the novel coronavirus, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) probably occurred in Wuhan, China. By March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) had declared a pandemic. Containment measures such as social distancing and hand hygiene were recommended. In this study, we start from the hypothesis that engaging with containment measures in a pandemic situation should be more comfortable for some people than for other people. Thus, individual differences should be associated with engagement with containment measures. To investigate to what extent two personality traits, extroversion and conscientiousness, are associated with engagement with two containment measures (social distancing and handwashing). The sample consisted of 715 Brazilian adults aged 18-78 years, who answered the Big Five Inventory 2 Short (BFI-2-S) and factors from the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2). Higher scores for extroversion were associated with lower means for social distancing (p < 0.001) and higher scores for conscientiousness were associated with higher means for social distancing and handwashing (p < 0.05). The findings indicate the importance of acknowledging extroversion and conscientiousness traits as relevant to people's engagement with the measures recommended for COVID-19 containment."}, {"pmid": 32218151, "pmcid": "PMC7232164", "title": "Structural Genomics of SARS-CoV-2 Indicates Evolutionary Conserved Functional Regions of Viral Proteins.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Srinivasan, Suhas", "Cui, Hongzhu", "Gao, Ziyang", "Liu, Ming", "Lu, Senbao", "Mkandawire, Winnie", "Narykov, Oleksandr", "Sun, Mo", "Korkin, Dmitry"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218151", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During its first two and a half months, the recently emerged 2019 novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has already infected over one-hundred thousand people worldwide and has taken more than four thousand lives. However, the swiftly spreading virus also caused an unprecedentedly rapid response from the research community facing the unknown health challenge of potentially enormous proportions. Unfortunately, the experimental research to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the viral infection and to design a vaccine or antivirals is costly and takes months to develop. To expedite the advancement of our knowledge, we leveraged data about the related coronaviruses that is readily available in public databases and integrated these data into a single computational pipeline. As a result, we provide comprehensive structural genomics and interactomics roadmaps of SARS-CoV-2 and use this information to infer the possible functional differences and similarities with the related SARS coronavirus. All data are made publicly available to the research community."}, {"pmid": 32401550, "title": "Involvement of the open-source community in combating the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic: a review.", "journal": "J Med Eng Technol", "authors": ["Frazer, John Scott", "Shard, Amelia", "Herdman, James"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401550", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented in the modern age both due to its scale and its disruption to daily life throughout the world. Widespread social isolation and restrictions in the age of modern communicative technology, coupled with some early successes for makers, have united the open-source community towards a common goal in a way not previously seen. Local hospitals and care facilities are turning to makers to print essential consumable parts, such as simple visors, while in the hardest hit areas, critical pieces of medical technology are being fabricated. While important and effective innovations are appearing almost daily, there are also some worrying trends towards hobbyists attempting manufacture of complex medical devices with little understanding of the clinical or scientific rationale behind their design. The nature of the open-source community, an area of intensive innovation, fluidity, and experimentation, jars with the exacting standards of medical device regulation. Here, we review the involvement of rapid prototyping and the open-source community in the key areas of personal protective equipment (PPE), diagnostics, critical care technology, and information acquisition and sharing, highlighting where makers and hackers have clashed with medical device regulations, and areas where the system has worked well to facilitate change."}, {"pmid": 32383638, "title": "Prolonged Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Body Fluids.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Sun, Jiufeng", "Xiao, Jianpeng", "Sun, Ruilin", "Tang, Xi", "Liang, Chumin", "Lin, Huifang", "Zeng, Lilian", "Hu, Jianxiong", "Yuan, Rinyu", "Zhou, Pingping", "Peng, Jinju", "Xiong, Qianlin", "Cui, Fengfu", "Liu, Zhe", "Lu, Jing", "Tian, Junzhang", "Ma, Wenjun", "Ke, Changwen"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383638", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We prospectively assessed 49 coronavirus disease cases in Guangdong, China, to estimate the frequency and duration of detectable severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in human body fluids. The prolonged persistence of virus RNA in various body fluids may guide the clinical diagnosis and prevention of onward virus transmission."}, {"pmid": 32303245, "pmcid": "PMC7163347", "title": "The application of strong matrix management and PDCA cycle in the management of severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Li, Yuanchao", "Wang, Hongliang", "Jiao, Jundong"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303245", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517210, "title": "Dietary Diversity among Chinese Residents during the COVID-19 Outbreak and Its Associated Factors.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Zhao, Ai", "Li, Zhongyu", "Ke, Yalei", "Huo, Shanshan", "Ma, Yidi", "Zhang, Yumei", "Zhang, Jian", "Ren, Zhongxia"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517210", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, has imposed enormous challenges on the health system, economy, and food supply and has substantially modified people's lifestyles. This study aimed to (1) explore the dietary diversity during the lockdown time in China and (2) examine factors associated with dietary diversity including socio-economic characteristics, sources for food and food purchases, and specific dietary behaviors responding to COVID-19 and isolation. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted online in March 2020. Multi-stage sampling was used to recruit participants living in Hubei Province and other parts of China. Dietary diversity was assessed using the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) and clustering analysis was used to categorize people with different propensities of methods for purchasing or obtaining foods. Logistic regression was used to model the associations among HDDS, participants' characteristics, approaches to purchase or obtain food, and behaviors adopted to cope with COVID-19. Results: A total of 1938 participants were included in the analysis. The overall mean HDDS was 9.7 \u00b1 2.1, and the median (25th, 75th) was 10 (8, 12). There were relatively low consumptions of fish, legumes, and miscellaneous foods (e.g., processed food like snacks and beverages). After adjusting for age, family income, and geographic regions, people living in places where laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases were above 500 (ORadjusted = 0.79, 95%CI 0.65, 0.96), or living in Hubei Province (ORadjusted = 0.60, 95%CI 0.39, 0.93) had a lower HDDS. During isolation time, the most common sources for food and food purchases were in-house storage and in person grocery shopping. More than half of the participants (55.9%) purchased food at least once via online ordering and delivery services. There was no significant difference in HDDS among people with distinct dependences on different ways to obtain or purchase food (i.e., dependence on in-person grocery shopping, dependence on both in-house storage and in-person grocery shopping, or dependence on online food purchasing). We also identified a total of 37.7% participants who consumed certain foods or nutritional supplements to cope with COVID-19, which included vitamin C, probiotics, other dietary supplements, alcohol, and vinegar. People who reported these specific dietary behaviors had a significantly higher HDDS (ORadjusted = 1.23, 95%CI 1.02, 1.45) than those who did not do so. This study revealed an overall good dietary diversity among the studied Chinese residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we observed a lower dietary diversity among people living in areas with a high number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Online ordering and delivery services were popular and could serve as a feasible method to obtain and purchase food, contributing to ensure diversified diets during the time of lockdown. Certain dietary behaviors associated with COVID-19 were also identified and had significant impacts on HDDS."}, {"pmid": 32508390, "title": "Planning for Epidemics and Pandemics: Assessing the Potential Impact of Extended Use and Reuse Strategies on Respirator Usage Rates to Support Supply-and-Demand Planning Efforts.", "journal": "J Int Soc Respir Prot", "authors": ["Yorio, Patrick L", "Fisher, Edward M", "Kilinc-Balci, F Selcen", "Rottach, Dana", "Harney, Joshua", "Seaton, Melissa", "Dahm, Matthew M", "Niemeier, Todd"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508390", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During epidemics and pandemics healthcare personnel (HCP) are on the front line of disease containment and mitigation. Personal protective equipment (PPE), such as NIOSH-approved N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs), serve an important role in minimizing HCP risks and are in high demand during public health emergencies. Because PPE demand can exceed supply, various public health strategies have been developed to reduce the rate of PPE consumption as supply dwindles. Extended use and limited reuse of N95 FFRs are strategies advocated by many governmental agencies used to increase the number of times a device can be used. Increased use of respirators designed for reuse-such as powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) and elastomeric half-mask and full facepiece air-purifying respirators- is another option designed to reduce the continuous need for new devices as the daily need for respirator use increases. Together, these strategies are designed to reduce the number of PPE units that must be discarded daily and, therefore, extend the longevity of available supply. The purpose of this paper is to theoretically estimate the impact of extended use and limited reuse strategies for N95 FFRs and the increased use of reusable respirator options on PPE consumed. The results suggest that a considerable reduction in PPE consumption would result from extended use and limited reuse of N95 FFRs and the increased use of respirators designed for reuse; however, the practical benefits must be balanced with the risks and economic costs. In addition, extended use and reuse strategies must be accompanied by proper procedures to reduce risk. The study is designed to support epidemic and pandemic PPE supply and demand planning efforts."}, {"pmid": 32283163, "pmcid": "PMC7151354", "title": "A potential inhibitory role for integrin in the receptor targeting of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Luan, Junwen", "Lu, Yue", "Gao, Shan", "Zhang, Leiliang"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283163", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435692, "pmcid": "PMC7228427", "title": "COVID-19, Climate Change, and Renewable Energy Research: We Are All in This Together, and the Time to Act Is Now.", "journal": "ACS Energy Lett", "authors": ["Jin, Song"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435692", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32193904, "pmcid": "PMC7086085", "title": "Drive-Through Screening Center for COVID-19: a Safe and Efficient Screening System against Massive Community Outbreak.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kwon, Ki Tae", "Ko, Jae Hoon", "Shin, Heejun", "Sung, Minki", "Kim, Jin Yong"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193904", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is ongoing, the number of individuals to be tested for COVID-19 is rapidly increasing. For safe and efficient screening for COVID-19, drive-through (DT) screening centers have been designed and implemented in Korea. Herein, we present the overall concept, advantages, and limitations of the COVID-19 DT screening centers. The steps of the DT centers include registration, examination, specimen collection, and instructions. The entire service takes about 10 minutes for one testee without leaving his or her cars. Increased testing capacity over 100 tests per day and prevention of cross-infection between testees in the waiting space are the major advantages, while protection of staff from the outdoor atmosphere is challenging. It could be implemented in other countries to cope with the global COVID-19 outbreak and transformed according to their own situations."}, {"pmid": 32386882, "pmcid": "PMC7187849", "title": "How Has COVID-19 Affected Our Orthopedic Implant Industry Partners? Implications for the Surgeon-Industry Relationship in 2020 and Beyond.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Warth, Lucian C", "Noiseux, Nicolas O", "Duncan, Stephen T", "Daines, S Bradley", "Mahoney, Craig R"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching societal and financial consequences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how COVID-19 has affected AAHKS industry partners and the surgeon-industry relationship, emphasizing education, resource allocation, and strategic direction for the 2nd half of\u00a02020. AAHKS industry partners were contacted to participate in a blinded survey and optional interview with the AAHKS Industry Relations Committee. Based on the results, a group of AAHKS member surgeons with disparate practice types were asked to postulate on how the COVID-19 pandemic has and will affect their practice and relationship with Industry. AAHKS industry partner responses indicated decreased resource allocation for regional, \"other national,\" and AAHKS annual meetings (67%, 55%, and 30%, respectively). Web-based educational content was expected to increase in 2020 and will likely remain a point of emphasis in 2021 (100% and 70% of responders). For Q3/Q4 2020, a significant emphasis was placed on site of service/outpatient TJA and COVID-19-related safety measures (70% and 90% of responders), as well as increased availability of instrumentation and implants (40% and 60%, respectively). The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the orthopedic landscape for the foreseeable future. Survey responses by AAHKS industry partners demonstrate a continued commitment to surgeon education with and increasing shift to a web-based platform. Increased resource allocation for outpatient TJA and COVID-19-related safety measures were significant. Articulating optimal mechanisms to aid industry in supporting surgeons with different practice models to meet demand during the second half of fiscal year 2020 will be critical."}, {"pmid": 32437687, "pmcid": "PMC7211611", "title": "Proposed Changes to the Inpatient Services for the Disabled in the United States Post-COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Meythaler, Jay M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437687", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215641, "title": "Toward Universal Deployable Guidelines for the Care of Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Lamontagne, Francois", "Angus, Derek C"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215641", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314811, "pmcid": "PMC7264530", "title": "Understanding evolution of SARS-CoV-2: A perspective from analysis of genetic diversity of RdRp gene.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kasibhatla, Sunitha M", "Kinikar, Meenal", "Limaye, Sanket", "Kale, Mohan M", "Kulkarni-Kale, Urmila"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314811", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 emerged as the first example of \"Disease X\", a hypothetical disease of humans caused by an unknown infectious agent that was named as novel coronavirus and subsequently designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The origin of the outbreak at the animal market in Wuhan, China implies it as a case of zoonotic spillover. The study was designed to understand evolution of Betacoronaviruses and in particular diversification of SARS-CoV-2 using RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, a stable genetic marker. Phylogenetic and population stratification analyses were carried out using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, respectively. Molecular phylogeny using RdRp showed that SARS-CoV-2 isolates cluster together. Bat-CoV isolate RaTG13 and Pangolin-CoVs are observed to branch off prior to SARS-CoV-2 cluster. While SARS-CoV form a single cluster, Bat-CoVs form multiple clusters. Population-based analyses revealed that both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV form separate clusters with no admixture. Bat-CoVs were found to have single and mixed ancestry and clustered as four sub-populations. Population-based analyses of Betacoronaviruses using RdRp revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is a homogeneous population. SARS-CoV-2 appears to have evolved from Bat-CoV isolate RaTG13, which diversified from a common ancestor from which Pangolin-CoVs have also evolved. The admixed Bat-CoV sub-populations indicate that bats serve as reservoirs harboring virus ensembles that are responsible for zoonotic spillovers such as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The extent of admixed isolates of Bat-CoVs observed in population diversification studies underline the need for periodic surveillance of bats and other animal reservoirs for potential spillovers as a measure towards preparedness for emergence of zoonosis."}, {"pmid": 32510155, "title": "Valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a young patient with a suspected COVID-19 infection: a surgical dilemma in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiothorac Surg", "authors": ["Bauernschmitt, Robert", "Gabriel, Philip", "Gottardi, Roman", "Sodian, Ralf"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510155", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report on a case of a 57-year-old male patient, who underwent full root replacement in 2005 and now presented with high grade aortic insufficiency. On admission, the patient underwent a computed tomography scan which demonstrated interstitial infiltration in the left lung, highly suspicious for a COVID-19 infection that could not be confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. As there usually is a delay between infection and positive RT-PCR test results, the initial decision was to perform additional testing. However, the patient deteriorated quickly in spite of optimal medical therapy making urgent aortic valve replacement necessary. We decided to perform transcatheter aortic valve replacement to avoid cardiopulmonary bypass with shorter operative times, presumably shorter ventilation times and duration of intensive care unit stay, and thus a lesser risk for pulmonary complications."}, {"pmid": 32466867, "pmcid": "PMC7239021", "title": "Management of a delivery suite during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Qi, Hongbo", "Chen, Miaomiao", "Luo, Xin", "Liu, Xiyao", "Shi, Yuan", "Liu, Tianjiao", "Zhang, Hua", "Zhang, Jun", "Zhao, Yangyu", "Tong, Chao", "Baker, Philip N"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466867", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first report of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in December of 2019, it has become rapidly prevalent and been declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization. There are quite a few cases reported involving delivery with COVID-19 infection, but little valuable suggestion was provided about what healthcare providers of obstetrics and neonatology should do in their clinic practice for unknown status or presumed negative women. Here, we summarized the current practice of delivery management in China that successfully prevented rapid increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes and nosocomial infection in departments of obstetrics and neonatology during the pandemic of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32324422, "title": "Accurate Statistics on COVID-19 Are Essential for Policy Guidance and Decisions.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Pearce, Neil", "Vandenbroucke, Jan P", "VanderWeele, Tyler J", "Greenland, Sander"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450193, "pmcid": "PMC7242924", "title": "Symptom-based screening for COVID-19 in health care workers: The importance of fever.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Yombi, Jean Cyr", "De Greef, Julien", "Marsin, Anne-Sophie", "Simon, Anne", "Rodriguez-Villalobos, Hector", "Penaloza, Andrea", "Belkhir, Leila"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450193", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384171, "pmcid": "PMC7267419", "title": "COVID-19 treatment in patients with comorbidities: Awareness of drug-drug interactions.", "journal": "Br J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Back, David", "Marzolini, Catia", "Hodge, Catherine", "Marra, Fiona", "Boyle, Alison", "Gibbons, Sara", "Burger, David", "Khoo, Saye"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384171", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332856, "pmcid": "PMC7180672", "title": "COVID-19 in persons with haematological cancers.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["He, Wenjuan", "Chen, Lei", "Chen, Li", "Yuan, Guolin", "Fang, Yun", "Chen, Wenlan", "Wu, Di", "Liang, Bo", "Lu, Xiaoting", "Ma, Yanling", "Li, Lei", "Wang, Hongxiang", "Chen, Zhichao", "Li, Qiubai", "Gale, Robert Peter"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332856", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19), has caused a pandemic with >850,000 cases worldwide and increasing. Several studies report outcomes of COVID-19 in predominately well persons. There are also some data on COVID-19 in persons with predominately solid cancer but controversy whether these persons have the same outcomes. We conducted a cohort study at two centres in Wuhan, China, of 128 hospitalised subjects with haematological cancers, 13 (10%) of whom developed COVID-19. We also studied 226 health care providers, 16 of whom developed COVID-19 and 11 of whom were hospitalised. Co-variates were compared with the 115 subjects with haematological cancers without COVID-19 and with 11 hospitalised health care providers with COVID-19. There were no significant differences in baseline co-variates between subjects with haematological cancers developing or not developing COVID-19. Case rates for COVID-19 in hospitalised subjects with haematological cancers was 10% (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 6, 17%) compared with 7% (4, 12%; P\u2009=\u20090.322) in health care providers. However, the 13 subjects with haematological cancers had more severe COVID-19 and more deaths compared with hospitalised health care providers with COVID-19. Case fatality rates were 62% (32, 85%) and 0 (0, 32%; P\u2009=\u20090.002). Hospitalised persons with haematological cancers have a similar case rate of COVID-19 compared with normal health care providers but have more severe disease and a higher case fatality rate. Because we were unable to identify specific risk factors for COVID-19 in hospitalised persons with haematological cancers, we suggest increased surveillance and possible protective isolation."}, {"pmid": 32499317, "title": "The \"virtual wards\" supporting patients with covid-19 in the community.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Thornton, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499317", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275288, "pmcid": "PMC7149362", "title": "Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Neurol", "authors": ["Mao, Ling", "Jin, Huijuan", "Wang, Mengdie", "Hu, Yu", "Chen, Shengcai", "He, Quanwei", "Chang, Jiang", "Hong, Candong", "Zhou, Yifan", "Wang, David", "Miao, Xiaoping", "Li, Yanan", "Hu, Bo"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275288", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, is serious and has the potential to become an epidemic worldwide. Several studies have described typical clinical manifestations including fever, cough, diarrhea, and fatigue. However, to our knowledge, it has not been reported that patients with COVID-19 had any neurologic manifestations. To study the neurologic manifestations of patients with COVID-19. This is a retrospective, observational case series. Data were collected from January 16, 2020, to February 19, 2020, at 3 designated special care centers for COVID-19 (Main District, West Branch, and Tumor Center) of the Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, China. The study included 214 consecutive hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records, and data of all neurologic symptoms were checked by 2 trained neurologists. Neurologic manifestations fell into 3 categories: central nervous system manifestations (dizziness, headache, impaired consciousness, acute cerebrovascular disease, ataxia, and seizure), peripheral nervous system manifestations (taste impairment, smell impairment, vision impairment, and nerve pain), and skeletal muscular injury manifestations. Of 214 patients (mean [SD] age, 52.7 [15.5] years; 87 men [40.7%]) with COVID-19, 126 patients (58.9%) had nonsevere infection and 88 patients (41.1%) had severe infection according to their respiratory status. Overall, 78 patients (36.4%) had neurologic manifestations. Compared with patients with nonsevere infection, patients with severe infection were older, had more underlying disorders, especially hypertension, and showed fewer typical symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever and cough. Patients with more severe infection had neurologic manifestations, such as acute cerebrovascular diseases (5 [5.7%] vs 1 [0.8%]), impaired consciousness (13 [14.8%] vs 3 [2.4%]), and skeletal muscle injury (17 [19.3%] vs 6 [4.8%]). Patients with COVID-19 commonly have neurologic manifestations. During the epidemic period of COVID-19, when seeing patients with neurologic manifestations, clinicians should suspect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection as a differential diagnosis to avoid delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis and lose the chance to treat and prevent further transmission."}, {"pmid": 32530584, "title": "Natural History of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Sakurai, Aki", "Sasaki, Toshiharu", "Kato, Shigeo", "Hayashi, Masamichi", "Tsuzuki, Sei-Ichiro", "Ishihara, Takuma", "Iwata, Mitsunaga", "Morise, Zenichi", "Doi, Yohei"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530584", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433946, "pmcid": "PMC7236739", "title": "Herd Immunity: Understanding COVID-19.", "journal": "Immunity", "authors": ["Randolph, Haley E", "Barreiro, Luis B"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433946", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated disease, COVID-19, has demonstrated the devastating impact of a novel, infectious pathogen on a susceptible population. Here, we explain the basic concepts of herd immunity and discuss its implications in the context of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32332481, "title": "Managing Close Contacts of COVID-19 Confirmed Cases in Metropolitan Areas in China.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Ding, Jing", "Tuan, Wen-Jan", "Temte, Jonathan L"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332481", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has rapidly spread across the world. As medical systems continue to develop vaccines and treatments, it is crucial for the public health community to establish nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that can effectively mitigate the rate of SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread across highly populated residential areas, especially among individuals who have close contact with confirmed cases. A community-driven preparedness strategy has been implemented in metropolitan areas in China. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) has required that all COVID-19 confirmed cases be recorded and documented in a national notifiable disease surveillance system (NDSS). After receiving reports of newly confirmed cases, an epidemiological services team at the CCDC or trained medical professionals at local clinical facilities start a case-contact investigation. A task force performs home visits to infected individuals. Persons under investigation (PUIs) can stay in designated quarantine facilities for 14 days or in special circumstances can be quarantined at home. This community-based approach involved all stakeholders including local public health departments, public safety authorities, neighborhood councils, and community health centers."}, {"pmid": 32301198, "pmcid": "PMC7235513", "title": "Case report: A kidney transplant patient with mild COVID-19.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Arpali, Emre", "Akyollu, Basak", "Yelken, Berna", "Tekin, Suda", "Turkmen, Aydin", "Kocak, Burak"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301198", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a pandemic with a mortality rate of 1%-6% in the general population. However, the mortality rate seems to be significantly higher in elderly patients, especially those hospitalized with comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, or coronary artery diseases. Because viral diseases may have atypical presentations in immunosuppressed patients, the course of the disease in the transplant patient population is unknown. Hence, the management of these patients with COVID-19 is an area of interest, and a unique approach is warranted. Here, we report the clinical features and our treatment approach for a kidney transplant patient with a diagnosis of COVID-19. We believe that screening protocols for SARS-Cov-2 should be re-evaluated in patients with solid-organ transplants."}, {"pmid": 32199813, "pmcid": "PMC7270735", "title": "The Emerging Pandemic of Coronavirus and the Urgent Need for Public Health Leadership.", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["Hennekens, Charles H", "George, Safiya", "Adirim, Terry A", "Johnson, Heather", "Maki, Dennis G"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199813", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496407, "title": "The Role of Children in the Dynamics of Intra Family Coronavirus 2019 Spread in Densely Populated Area.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Somekh, Eli", "Gleyzer, Alexadra", "Heller, Eli", "Lopian, Miriam", "Kashani-Ligumski, Lior", "Czeiger, Shelly", "Schindler, Yehudit", "Lessing, Joseph B", "Stein, Michal"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496407", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We examined the dynamics of coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) transmission within families. Our investigation demonstrated significantly lower rates of Covid-19 positivity in children compared with adults residing in the same household. Children of 5-17 years of age were 61% and children of 0-4 years of age were 47% less likely to have positive polymerase chain reaction results compared with adults residing in the same household."}, {"pmid": 32490731, "title": "Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Receptors as a Means for Reducing Infectivity and Improving Antiviral and Immune Response: An Algorithm-based Method For Overcoming Resistance To Antiviral Agents.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Gelman, Ram", "Bayatra, Areej", "Kessler, Asa", "Schwartz, Asaf", "Ilan, Yaron"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490731", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, and it has created a pressing global need for effective antiviral therapies against it. COVID-19 disease pathogenesis is characterized by an initial virus-mediated phase, followed by inappropriate hyperactivation of the immune system leading to organ damage. Targeting of the SARS-CoV-2 viral receptors is being explored as a therapeutic option for these patients. In this paper, we summarize several potential receptors associated with the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss their association with the immune-mediated inflammatory response. The potential for the development of resistance towards antiviral drugs is also presented. An algorithm-based platform to improve the efficacy of and overcome resistance to viral receptor blockers through the introduction of personalized variability is described. This method is designed to ensure sustained antiviral effectiveness when using SARS-CoV-2 receptor blockers."}, {"pmid": 32433742, "title": "Extended ORF8 Gene Region Is Valuable in the Epidemiological Investigation of SARS-similar Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Shuaiyin", "Zheng, Xin", "Zhu, Jingyuan", "Ding, Ronghua", "Jin, Yuefei", "Zhang, Weiguo", "Yang, HaiYan", "Zheng, Yingjuan", "Li, Xin", "Duan, Guangcai"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433742", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was discovered as a novel pathogen in the 2002-2003 SARS epidemic. The emergence and disappearance of this pathogen have brought questions regarding its source and evolution. Within the genome sequences of 281 SARS-CoVs, SARS-CoV-2, and SARSr-CoVs, a ~430 bp genomic region (from 27701bp to 28131bp in AY390556.1) with regular variations was investigated. This ~430 bp region overlaps with the ORF8 gene and is prone to deletions and nucleotide substitutions. Its complexity suggested the need for a new genotyping method for Coronavirus related to SARS-similar Coronavirus (SARS-CoV, SARSr-CoV and SARS-CoV-2). Bat SARSr-CoV presented three genotypes, of which Type 0 is only seen in Bat SARSr-CoV, Type I is present in SARS early phase and Type II is found in all SARS-CoV-2. This genotyping also shows potential usage in distinguishing the SARS-similar Coronaviruses from different hosts and geographic areas. This genomic region has important implications for predicting the epidemic trend and studying the evolution of Coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32385978, "title": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: telemedicine in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Fatyga, Edyta", "Dziegielewska-Gesiak, Sylwia", "Wierzgon, Aleksander", "Stoltny, Dorota", "Muc-Wierzgon, Malgorzata"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385978", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425649, "pmcid": "PMC7233257", "title": "Clinical characteristics and co-infections of 354 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Lv, Zhihua", "Cheng, Shaohua", "Le, Juan", "Huang, Jingtao", "Feng, Lina", "Zhang, Binghong", "Li, Yan"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425649", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From December 2019, a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China and globally. However, the clinical characteristics and co-infection with other respiratory pathogens of patients with COVID-19 and the factors associated with severity of COVID-19 are still limited. In this retrospective cohort study, we included 354 inpatients with COVID-19 admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from February 4, 2020 to February 28, 2020. We found levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, white blood cell count and neutrophil count were clearly elevated in males and critical cases compared with females and severe and mild cases, respectively. However, lymphopenia was more severe in males than females and levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha were reduced significantly in critical cases than severe and mild cases. 23.5% of severe cases and 24.4% of critical cases were co-infected with other respiratory pathogens. Additionally, stepwise multivariable regression analysis suggested that co-infection, lymphocyte count and levels of D-dimer were associated with severity of COVID-19.These findings provide crucial clues for further identification of the mechanisms, characteristics and treatments of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32490843, "title": "Information technology-based management of clinically healthy COVID-19 patients: Lessons from the Living and Treatment Support Center operated by Seoul National University Hospital.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Kim, Kyung Hwan", "Bae, Ye Seul", "Jeong, Chang Wook", "Choi, Sae Won", "Ko, Taehoon", "Cho, BeLong", "Kim, Min Sun", "Kang, EunKyo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490843", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "South Korea took preemptive action against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by implementing extensive testing, thorough epidemiological investigation, strict social distancing, and rapid treatment of patients according to disease severity. The Korean government entrusted large-scale hospitals with the operation of living and treatment support centers (LTSCs) for the management for clinically healthy COVID-19 patients. The aim of this paper is to introduce our experience implementing information and communications technology (ICT)-based remote patient management systems at a COVID-19 LTSC. We adopted new electronic health record templates, hospital information system (HIS) dashboards, cloud-based medical image sharing, a mobile app, and smart vital sign monitoring devices. Enhancements were made to the HIS to assist in the workflow and care of patients in the LTSC. A dashboard was created for the medical staff to view the vital signs and symptoms of all patients. Patients used a mobile app to consult with their physician or nurse, answer questionnaires, and input self-measured vital signs; the results were uploaded to the hospital information system in real time. Cloud-based image sharing enabled interoperability between medical institutions. Korea's strategy of aggressive mitigation has \"flattened the curve\" of the rate of infection. A multidisciplinary approach was integral to develop systems supporting patient care and management at the living and treatment support center as quickly as possible. Faced with a novel infectious disease, we describe the implementation and experience of applying an ICT-based patient management system in the LTSC affiliated with Seoul National University Hospital. ICT-based tools and applications are increasingly important in health care, and we hope that our experience will provide insight into future technology-based infectious disease responses."}, {"pmid": 32495577, "title": "[Mechanism of Xuanfei Baidu Tang in treatment of COVID-19 based on network pharmacology].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Yi", "Li, Xiang", "Zhang, Jun-Hua", "Xue, Rui", "Qian, Jing-Yang", "Zhang, Xiao-Hui", "Zhang, Han", "Liu, Qing-Quan", "Fan, Xiao-Hui", "Cheng, Yi-Yu", "Zhang, Bo-Li"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495577", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The study aimed to investigate the multi-constituent, multi-target mechanism of Xuanfei Baidu Tang(XFBD) in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), through exploring the main ingredients and effective targets of XFBD, as well as analyzing the correlation between XFBD targets and COVID-19. The compounds of each herb in XFBD were collected from TCM-PTD, ETCM, TCMSP and SymMap database. Next, the information of meridian tropisms was collected from Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition), and the target information of the major constituents of XFBD were obtained from TCM-PTD, ETCM, TCMSP and TargetNet database. Subsequently, the target network model and the major modules were generated by Cytoscape, and the functional enrichment analysis of XFBD targets were completed by DAVID and STRING. As a result, ten of the 13 herbs in XFBD belonged to the lung meridian, and 326 of the 1 224 putative XFBD targets were associated with the disease target of COVID-19, among which 109 targets were enriched in the disease pathways of viral infection and lung injury. The main biological pathways regulated by the key XFBD targets included viral infection, energy metabolism, immunity and inflammation, parasites and bacterial infections. In conclusion, the therapeutic mechanism of XFBD in COVID-19 showed a multi-herb, multi-constituent, multi-target pattern, with lung as the chief targeted organ. By regulating a series of biological pathways closely related to the occurrence and development of diseases, XFBD plays a role in balancing immunity, eliminating inflammation, regulating hepatic and biliary metabolism and recovering energy metabolism balance."}, {"pmid": 32356944, "pmcid": "PMC7206929", "title": "Early Detection of Covid-19 through a Citywide Pandemic Surveillance Platform.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Chu, Helen Y", "Englund, Janet A", "Starita, Lea M", "Famulare, Michael", "Brandstetter, Elisabeth", "Nickerson, Deborah A", "Rieder, Mark J", "Adler, Amanda", "Lacombe, Kirsten", "Kim, Ashley E", "Graham, Chelsey", "Logue, Jennifer", "Wolf, Caitlin R", "Heimonen, Jessica", "McCulloch, Denise J", "Han, Peter D", "Sibley, Thomas R", "Lee, Jover", "Ilcisin, Misja", "Fay, Kairsten", "Burstein, Roy", "Martin, Beth", "Lockwood, Christina M", "Thompson, Matthew", "Lutz, Barry", "Jackson, Michael", "Hughes, James P", "Boeckh, Michael", "Shendure, Jay", "Bedford, Trevor"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356944", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226294, "pmcid": "PMC7098034", "title": "Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Zhong, Bao-Liang", "Luo, Wei", "Li, Hai-Mei", "Zhang, Qian-Qian", "Liu, Xiao-Ge", "Li, Wen-Tian", "Li, Yi"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226294", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Unprecedented measures have been adopted to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in China. People's adherence to control measures is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. In this study, we investigated Chinese residents' KAP towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise period of the outbreak. An online sample of Chinese residents was successfully recruited via the authors' networks with residents and popular media in Hubei, China. A self-developed online KAP questionnaire was completed by the participants. The knowledge questionnaire consisted of 12 questions regarding the clinical characteristics and prevention of COVID-19. Assessments on residents' attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 included questions on confidence in winning the battle against COVID-19 and wearing masks when going out in recent days. Among the survey completers (n=6910), 65.7% were women, 63.5% held a bachelor degree or above, and 56.2% engaged in mental labor. The overall correct rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 90%. The majority of the respondents (97.1%) had confidence that China can win the battle against COVID-19. Nearly all of the participants (98.0%) wore masks when going out in recent days. In multiple logistic regression analyses, the COVID-19 knowledge score (OR: 0.75-0.90, P<0.001) was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of negative attitudes and preventive practices towards COVID-2019. Most Chinese residents of a relatively high socioeconomic status, in particular women, are knowledgeable about COVID-19, hold optimistic attitudes, and have appropriate practices towards COVID-19. Health education programs aimed at improving COVID-19 knowledge are helpful for Chinese residents to hold optimistic attitudes and maintain appropriate practices. Due to the limited sample representativeness, we must be cautious when generalizing these findings to populations of a low socioeconomic status."}, {"pmid": 32487445, "pmcid": "PMC7151367", "title": "Bilateral viral pneumonia by COVID-19 as a chance finding in staging with (18)F-FGD-PET/CT of patient with right calf melanoma.", "journal": "Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol", "authors": ["Gomez-Caminero-Lopez, F", "Garcia-Talavera-San-Miguel, P", "Lucas Velazquez, B", "Garcia Arroyo, J", "Diaz Gonzalez, L G", "Gomez Grande, A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487445", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430086, "pmcid": "PMC7251284", "title": "Psychological impact of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in health workers in China.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Sun, Dandan", "Yang, Dongliang", "Li, Yafen", "Zhou, Jie", "Wang, Wenqing", "Wang, Quanliang", "Lin, Nan", "Cao, Ailin", "Wang, Haichen", "Zhang, Qingyun"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430086", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of 2019-nCoV pneumonia infection occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, South China Seafood Market in December 2019. As a group with a high probability of infection, health workers are faced with a certain degree of psychological challenges in the process of facing the epidemic. This study attempts to evaluate the impact of 2019-nCoV outbreak on the psychological state of Chinese health workers and to explore the influencing factors. During the period from 31 January 2020 to 4 February 2020, the 'Questionnaire Star' electronic questionnaire system was used to collect data. The 2019-nCoV impact questionnaire and The Impact of Event Scale (IES) were used to check the psychological status of health workers in China. A total of 442 valid data were collected in this study. Seventy-four (16.7%) male and 368 (83.3%) female individuals participated in this study. The average score of high arousal dimension was 5.15 (s.d. = 4.71), and the median score was 4.0 (IQR 2.0, 7.0). The average score of IES was 15.26 (s.d. = 11.23), and the median score was 13.5 (IQR 7.0, 21.0). Multiple regression analysis showed that there were critical statistical differences in high arousal scores among different gender groups (male 3.0 vs. female 5.0, P = 0.075). Whether being quarantined had significant statistical differences of IES scores (being quarantined 16.0 vs. not being quarantined 13.0, P = 0.021). The overall impact of the 2019-nCoV outbreak on health workers is at a mild level. Chinese health workers have good psychological coping ability in the face of public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32257511, "pmcid": "PMC7112957", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Public Health Implications in Nepal.", "journal": "Nepal J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Asim, Mohammad", "Sathian, Brijesh", "van Teijlingen, Edwin", "Mekkodathil, Ahammed", "Subramanya, Supram Hosuru", "Simkhada, Padam"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257511", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425306, "pmcid": "PMC7229712", "title": "Protective potential of Expectorants against COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Esam, Zohreh"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508024, "title": "Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality among inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Chen, Fuyang", "Sun, Wenwu", "Sun, Shengrong", "Li, Zhiyu", "Wang, Zhong", "Yu, Li"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508024", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434272, "title": "COVID-19Clinical trials: quality matters more than quantity.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Bonini, Sergio", "Maltese, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434272", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the ferment aroused in the scientific community by the COVID-19 outbreak and the over 11,000 papers listed in PubMed, published evidence on safe and effective drugs has not progressed yet at the same speed of the pandemic. However, clinical research is rapidly progressing, as shown by the hundreds of registered clinical trials on candidate drugs for COVID-19. Unfortunately, information on protocols of individual studies differs from registry to registry. Furthermore, study designs, criteria for stratification of patients and choice of outcomes are quite heterogeneous. All this makes data sharing and secondary analysis difficult.At last, small single centre studies and the use of drugs on a compassionate basis should be replaced by highly powered, multi-centre, multi-arm clinical trials, in orderto provide the required evidence of safety and efficacy of novel or repurposed candidate drugs. Hopefully, the efforts of clinical researchers in the fight against the SARS Cov-2 will result into the identification of effective treatments. To make this possible, clinical research should be oriented by guidelines for more harmonized high-quality studies and by a united commitment of the scientific community to share personal knowledge and data. Allergists and clinical immunologists should have a leading role in this unprecedent challenge."}, {"pmid": 32160684, "title": "Audio Interview: Making Decisions about Covid-19 Testing and Treatment for Your Patients.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160684", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275978, "pmcid": "PMC7138384", "title": "The Role of Chest Imaging in Patient Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Consensus Statement From the Fleischner Society.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Rubin, Geoffrey D", "Ryerson, Christopher J", "Haramati, Linda B", "Sverzellati, Nicola", "Kanne, Jeffrey P", "Raoof, Suhail", "Schluger, Neil W", "Volpi, Annalisa", "Yim, Jae-Joon", "Martin, Ian B K", "Anderson, Deverick J", "Kong, Christina", "Altes, Talissa", "Bush, Andrew", "Desai, Sujal R", "Goldin, Jonathan", "Goo, Jin Mo", "Humbert, Marc", "Inoue, Yoshikazu", "Kauczor, Hans-Ulrich", "Luo, Fengming", "Mazzone, Peter J", "Prokop, Mathias", "Remy-Jardin, Martine", "Richeldi, Luca", "Schaefer-Prokop, Cornelia M", "Tomiyama, Noriyuki", "Wells, Athol U", "Leung, Ann N"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275978", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With more than 900,000 confirmed cases worldwide and nearly 50,000 deaths during the first 3\u00a0months of 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented health care crisis. The spread of COVID-19 has been heterogeneous, resulting in some regions having sporadic transmission and relatively few hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and others having community transmission that has led to overwhelming numbers of severe cases. For these regions, health care delivery has been disrupted and compromised by critical resource constraints in diagnostic testing, hospital beds, ventilators, and health care workers who have fallen ill to the virus exacerbated by shortages of personal protective equipment. Although mild cases mimic common upper respiratory viral infections, respiratory dysfunction becomes the principal source of morbidity and mortality as the disease advances. Thoracic imaging with chest radiography and CT are key tools for pulmonary disease diagnosis and management, but their role in the management of COVID-19 has not been considered within the multivariable context of the severity of respiratory disease, pretest probability, risk factors for disease progression, and critical resource constraints. To address this deficit, a multidisciplinary panel comprised principally of radiologists and pulmonologists from 10 countries with experience managing patients with COVID-19 across a spectrum of health care environments evaluated the utility of imaging within three scenarios representing varying risk factors, community conditions, and resource constraints. Fourteen key questions, corresponding to 11 decision points within the three scenarios and three additional clinical situations, were rated by the panel based on the anticipated value of the information that thoracic imaging would be expected to provide. The results were aggregated, resulting in five main and three additional recommendations intended to guide medical practitioners in the use of chest radiography and CT in the management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32389352, "pmcid": "PMC7190490", "title": "[Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on requests for initial care for breast cancer].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Hequet, Delphine", "Rodrigues, Manuel", "Tardivon, Anne", "Langer, Adriana", "Dahan, Meryl", "Rouzier, Roman", "Takanen, Silvia", "Kirova, Yulia", "Bidard, Francois-Clement", "Cottu, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389352", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237972, "pmcid": "PMC7232632", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 and Future Emerging Viruses on Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Other Cellular Therapies.", "journal": "Stem Cells Dev", "authors": ["Broxmeyer, Hal E", "Parker, Graham C"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237972", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350226, "title": "An assessment of real-time RT-PCR kits for SARS-CoV-2 detection.", "journal": "Jpn J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Okamaoto, Kiyoko", "Shirato, Kazuya", "Nao, NagaNaganori", "Saito, Shinji", "Kageyama, Tsutomu", "Hasegawa, Hideki", "Suzuki, Tadaki", "Matsuyama, Shutoku", "Takeda, Makoto"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350226", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan (China) in December 2019 is currently spreading rapidly and globally. We recently reported a laboratory diagnostic protocol for SARS-CoV-2 based on real-time RT-PCR assays using two primer sets, N and N2. On 30-31 January 2020, the protocol and reagents for these assays were distributed to local public health institutes and quarantine depots in Japan, and nationwide, SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing was started. For further validation, the assays were compared with the commercially available kits using SARS CoV-2 viral RNA and the clinical specimens obtained from COVID19-suspected individuals. The LightMix Modular SARS and Wuhan CoV E-gene (LN S&W-E) assay was highly sensitive for SARS-CoV-2, as was the N2 set, and both assays had perfectly consistent results with the clinical specimens. While the LM S&W-E set targets the highly conserved region of the E gene in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, the N2 set was designed to target the unique region in the SARS-CoV-2 N gene. Thus, the N2 set has high specificity and sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 detection. These indicate that the protocol using the N and N2 sets is comparable to commercially available kits and is reliable for the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32387061, "pmcid": "PMC7190519", "title": "COVID-19 and acute lymphoblastic leukemias of children and adolescents: First recommendations of the Leukemia committee of the French Society for the fight against Cancers and Leukemias in children and adolescents (SFCE).", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Baruchel, Andre", "Bertrand, Yves", "Boissel, Nicolas", "Brethon, Benoit", "Ducassou, Stephane", "Gandemer, Virginie", "Halfon-Domenech, Carine", "Leblanc, Thierry", "Leverger, Guy", "Michel, Gerard", "Petit, Arnaud", "Ray-Lunven, Anne-France", "Rohrlich, Pierre-Simon", "Schneider, Pascale", "Sirvent, Nicolas", "Strullu, Marion"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387061", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, many recommendations have been made. However, the very nature of acute lymphoblastic leukemias and their treatment in children and adolescents led the Leukemia Committee of the French Society for the fight against cancers and leukemias in children and adolescents (SFCE) to propose more specific recommendations, even if data for this population are still scarce. They may have to evolve according to the rapid evolution of knowledge on COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32407507, "title": "Genomic epidemiology, evolution, and transmission dynamics of porcine deltacoronavirus.", "journal": "Mol Biol Evol", "authors": ["He, Wan-Ting", "Ji, Xiang", "He, Wei", "Dellicour, Simon", "Wang, Shilei", "Li, Gairu", "Zhang, Letian", "Gilbert, Marius", "Zhu, Henan", "Xing, Gang", "Veit, Michael", "Huang, Zhen", "Han, Guan-Zhu", "Huang, Yaowei", "Suchard, Marc A", "Baele, Guy", "Lemey, Philippe", "Su, Shuo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407507", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS)-CoV-2 has shown once again that coronaviruses (CoVs) in animals are potential sources for epidemics in humans. Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogen of swine with a worldwide distribution. Here, we implemented and described an approach to analyze the epidemiology of PDCoV following its emergence in the pig population. We performed an integrated analysis of full genome sequence data from 21 newly-sequenced viruses, along with comprehensive epidemiological surveillance data collected globally over the last 15 years. We found four distinct phylogenetic lineages of PDCoV, which differ in their geographic circulation patterns. Interestingly, we identified more frequent intra- and inter-lineage recombination and higher virus genetic diversity in the Chinese lineages compared with the US lineage where pigs are raised in different farming systems and ecological environments. Most recombination breakpoints are located in the ORF1ab gene rather than in genes encoding structural proteins. We also identified five amino acids under positive selection in the spike protein suggesting a role for adaptive evolution. According to structural mapping, three positively selected sites are located in the N-terminal domain of the S1 subunit, which is the most likely involved in binding to a carbohydrate receptor, while the other two are located in or near the fusion peptide of the S2 subunit and thus might affect membrane fusion. Finally, our phylogeographic investigations highlighted notable South-North transmission as well as frequent long-distance dispersal events in China that could implicate human-mediated transmission. Our findings provide new insights into the evolution and dispersal of PDCoV that contribute to our understanding of the critical factors involved in coronaviruses emergence. Coronaviruses (CoVs) exhibit a pronounced propensity for interspecies transmission as illustrated by important emerging viruses in humans such as severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS)-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome virus (MERS)-CoV, as well as the recent SARS-CoV-2 that is causing a major human pandemic. A better understanding of the evolutionary process leading to viral emergence may help unravel the principles of cross-species transmission and therefore assist in preventing future introductions into new host populations. Here, we examined the evolution and spread of an emerging coronavirus that likely transmitted from birds to pigs and caused sustained epidemics in Asia and the United States. We integrated viral full genome sequence analysis and comprehensive surveillance data to examine the evolution of emerging porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and in particular the factors driving ongoing circulation and recent cases in China. We found evidence for adaptive evolution of this emerging virus in the absence of vaccine immune pressure, with important amino acids under positive selection, as well as frequent inter- and intra-lineage recombination events in the Asian lineages. Breeding patterns and ecological environment could play an important role in swine coronavirus evolution, leading to differences in recombination and population diversity. Using phylogeographic approaches, we further shed light on the dispersal history and dynamics of the China lineage of PDCoV. Our study provides a deeper understanding of the geographic dispersal of genetic lineages of PDCoV in China and suggests that southern China acted as a source of transmission. Modeling how the virus spread in China will allow the prioritization of areas for swine coronavirus surveillance in the future. These findings have important implications for preventing the emergence of coronaviruses in livestock and for controlling their spread in Asian countries."}, {"pmid": 32407298, "title": "Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Pediatric Vaccine Ordering and Administration - United States, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Santoli, Jeanne M", "Lindley, Megan C", "DeSilva, Malini B", "Kharbanda, Elyse O", "Daley, Matthew F", "Galloway, Lisa", "Gee, Julianne", "Glover, Mick", "Herring, Ben", "Kang, Yoonjae", "Lucas, Paul", "Noblit, Cameron", "Tropper, Jeanne", "Vogt, Tara", "Weintraub, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407298", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 13, 2020, the president of the United States declared a national emergency in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (1). With reports of laboratory-confirmed cases in all 50 states by that time (2), disruptions were anticipated in the U.S. health care system's ability to continue providing routine preventive and other nonemergency care. In addition, many states and localities issued shelter-in-place or stay-at-home orders to reduce the spread of COVID-19, limiting movement outside the home to essential activities (3). On March 24, CDC posted guidance emphasizing the importance of routine well child care and immunization, particularly for children aged \u226424 months, when many childhood vaccines are recommended."}, {"pmid": 32408267, "title": "A Global Digital Citizen Science Policy to Tackle Pandemics Like COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Katapally, Tarun R"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408267", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is an extremely complex existential threat that requires cohesive societal effort to address health system inefficiencies. When our society has faced existential crises in the past, we have banded together by using the technology at hand to overcome them. The COVID-19 pandemic is one such threat that requires not only a cohesive effort, but also enormous trust to follow public health guidelines, maintain social distance, and share necessities. However, are democratic societies with civil liberties capable of doing this? Mobile technology has immense potential for addressing pandemics like COVID-19, as it gives us access to big data in terms of volume, velocity, veracity, and variety. These data are particularly relevant to understand and mitigate the spread of pandemics such as COVID-19. In order for such intensive and potentially intrusive data collection measures to succeed, we need a cohesive societal effort with full buy-in from citizens and their representatives. This article outlines an evidence-based global digital citizen science policy that provides the theoretical and methodological foundation for ethically sourcing big data from citizens to tackle pandemics such as COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32410225, "pmcid": "PMC7272859", "title": "Covid-19: Ethical Challenges for Nurses.", "journal": "Hastings Cent Rep", "authors": ["Morley, Georgina", "Grady, Christine", "McCarthy, Joan", "Ulrich, Connie M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410225", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted many of the difficult ethical issues that health care professionals confront in caring for patients and families. The decisions such workers face on the front lines are fraught with uncertainty for all stakeholders. Our focus is on the implications for nurses, who are the largest global health care workforce but whose perspectives are not always fully considered. This essay discusses three overarching ethical issues that create a myriad of concerns and will likely affect nurses globally in unique ways: the safety of nurses, patients, colleagues, and families; the allocation of scarce resources; and the changing nature of nurses' relationships with patients and families. We urge policy-makers to ensure that nurses' voices and perspectives are integrated into both local and global decision-making so as to minimize the structural injustices many nurses have faced to date. Finally, we urge nurses to seek sources of support throughout this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32496337, "title": "Prevalence and Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Illness in Symptomatic Pregnant and Postpartum Women Stratified by Hispanic Ethnicity.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Goldfarb, Ilona Telefus", "Clapp, Mark A", "Soffer, Marti D", "Shook, Lydia L", "Rushfirth, Katherine", "Edlow, Andrea G", "Boatin, Adeline A", "Kaimal, Anjali J", "Barth, William H Jr", "Bryant, Allison S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496337", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523139, "title": "Recommendations for the care of patients with heart failure and COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Cigarroa-Lopez, Jose A", "Magana-Serrano, Jose A", "Alvarez-Sangabriel, Amada", "Ruiz-Ruiz, Vicente", "Chavez-Mendoza, Adolfo", "Mendez-Ortiz, Arturo", "Leon-Gonzalez, Salvador", "Guizar-Sanchez, Carlos", "Gutierrez-Fajardo, Pedro", "Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523139", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic decreed by the World Health Organization (WHO) since March 12, 2020 is wreaking havoc globally and it is a true economic, social and health challenge. Although the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are respiratory symptoms, some patients also have cardiological symptoms. Among patients with cardiological conditions2 they represent a group of higher risk and, in fact, they are a particularly vulnerable group, due to their higher risk of contagion and greater severity in case of acquiring the disease1 those with heart failure (HF), including heart transplant (CT) and ventricular assists, as well as patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). HF is the main chronic cardiovascular disease and patients in this group are the most vulnerable for the development of more serious clinical symptoms after suffering the infection, and to a greater extent cases with advanced HF3. In fact, HF is one of the most frequent complications in patients with COVID-194. Likewise, transplant patients who require immunosuppressants to avoid graft rejection, constitute a population especially susceptible to infection and to develop more serious processes. This situation has made the National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico (ANCAM) and the Mexican Society of Cardiology (SMC) together with their respective chapters, have prepared the following recommendations for medical personnel, who participate in the care of this special group of patients in the different clinical settings, who suffer or not, of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32295770, "title": "Swivel-HEPA-ETT (SHE) bougie and HEPA-ETT (HE) methods for safe intubation while managing patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Lin, Li-Wei", "Hung, Tzu-Yao"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400388, "title": "Sleep disparities in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic highlight the urgent need to address social determinants of health like the virus of racism.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Jackson, Chandra L", "Johnson, Dayna A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400388", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454062, "pmcid": "PMC7255142", "title": "Perspective from Singapore and China on the COVID-19 Pandemic: The New World Order for Ophthalmic Practice.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Koh, Adrian", "Chen, Youxin"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454062", "countries": ["Singapore", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391720, "title": "Mental Health of Communities during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Vigo, Daniel", "Patten, Scott", "Pajer, Kathleen", "Krausz, Michael", "Taylor, Steven", "Rush, Brian", "Raviola, Giuseppe", "Saxena, Shekhar", "Thornicroft, Graham", "Yatham, Lakshmi N"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391720", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268644, "title": "[Transmission routes of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, C", "Ma, Q Y", "Zheng, Y H", "Yang, Y X"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268644", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019, it has demonstrated China's ability to identify unknown pathogens. At present, reports showed that the main transmission routes are respiratory droplets and indirect contact, other vertical transmission routes have yet to be confirmed. This review discusses the possible transmission routes of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), based on currently research, the main transmission routes are respiratory droplets and indirect contact, fecal-oral might bepossible, while aerosol, tear (conjunctival) and mother-to-fetus still have yet to be confirmed, providing a reference basis for 2019-nCoV prevention and control and public protection."}, {"pmid": 32344526, "pmcid": "PMC7215550", "title": "COVID-19 and RAS: Unravelling an Unclear Relationship.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["D'Ardes, Damiano", "Boccatonda, Andrea", "Rossi, Ilaria", "Guagnano, Maria Teresa", "Santilli, Francesca", "Cipollone, Francesco", "Bucci, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344526", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a main role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte and liquid balance. Previous evidence suggests that RAS may represent an important target for the treatment of lung pathologies, especially for acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic fibrotic disease. The scientific community has recently focused its attention on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1R) inhibitors and their possible benefit/harms for patients infected by Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) who experience pneumonia, but there are still some doubts about the effects of these drugs in this setting."}, {"pmid": 32240876, "pmcid": "PMC7203506", "title": "Hyperglycemia and the novel Covid-19 infection: Possible pathophysiologic mechanisms.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Ilias, Ioannis", "Zabuliene, Lina"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240876", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531299, "title": "Addressing the public mental health challenge of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Campion, Jonathan", "Javed, Afzal", "Sartorius, Norman", "Marmot, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531299", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354249, "title": "Betrayal of Trust? The Impact of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic on Older Persons.", "journal": "J Appl Gerontol", "authors": ["Landry, Michel D", "Van den Bergh, Graziella", "Hjelle, Kari Margrete", "Jalovcic, Djenana", "Tuntland, Hanne Kristin"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354249", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301734, "pmcid": "PMC7184967", "title": "Regulation and Trust: 3-Month Follow-up Study on COVID-19 Mortality in 25 European Countries.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Oksanen, Atte", "Kaakinen, Markus", "Latikka, Rita", "Savolainen, Iina", "Savela, Nina", "Koivula, Aki"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301734", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has dramatically changed societies in 2020. Since the end of February, Europe has been hit particularly hard by COVID-19, but there are major country differences in both the spread of the virus and measures taken to stop the virus. Social psychological factors such as institutional trust could be important in understanding the development of the epidemic. The aim of this study was to examine country variations of COVID-19 mortality in Europe by analyzing social risk factors explaining the spread of the disease, restrictions and control measures, and institutional trust. The present study was based on a background analysis of European Social Survey data on 25 European countries (N=47,802). Multilevel mixed effects linear regression models focused on 84 days of the COVID-19 epidemic (January 22 to April 14, 2020) and modelled the daily COVID-19 mortality. Analysis focused on the impact of social relations, restrictions, and institutional trust within each country. The spread of the COVID-19 epidemic has been fast everywhere, but the findings revealed significant differences between countries in COVID-19 mortality. Perceived sociability predicted higher COVID-19 mortality. Major differences between the 25 countries were found in reaction times to the crisis. Late reaction to the crisis predicted later mortality figures. Institutional trust was associated with lower COVID-19 mortality. The analyses demonstrated the importance of societal and social psychological factors in the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. By considering multiple perspectives, this study showed that country differences in Europe are major, and this will have an impact on how countries will cope with the ongoing crisis in the following months. The results indicated the importance of timely restrictions and cooperation with people."}, {"pmid": 32387082, "pmcid": "PMC7199002", "title": "Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) associated with severe acute pancreatitis: Case report on three family members.", "journal": "Pancreatology", "authors": ["Hadi, Amer", "Werge, Mikkel", "Kristiansen, Klaus Tjelle", "Pedersen, Ulf Gottrup", "Karstensen, John Gasdal", "Novovic, Srdan", "Gluud, Lise Lotte"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387082", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Abdominal pain is one of the known symptoms associated with coronavirus disease 2019. Little is known about the development of acute pancreatitis as a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. This case report describes the presentation of acute pancreatitis in two of three family members with severe COVID-19 infection. Data were collected from three family members admitted with COVID-19 to the intensive care unit in March 2020. This study was reviewed and approved by the local data and ethics committee (31-1521-253). Two of the three family members were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis associated with SARS-CoV-2. Other causes of acute pancreatitis were excluded for both patients (including alcohol, biliary obstruction/gall stones, drugs, trauma, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcemia, and hypotension). These cases highlight acute pancreatitis as a complication associated with COVID-19 and underlines the importance of measuring pancreas-specific plasma amylase in patients with COVID-19 and abdominal pain."}, {"pmid": 32528614, "pmcid": "PMC7266473", "title": "Pandemic panic and anxiety in developing countries. Embracing One Health offers practical strategies in management of COVID-19 for Africa.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Kasozi, Keneth Iceland", "Mujinya, Regan", "Bogere, Paul", "Ekou, Justine", "Zirintunda, Gerald", "Ahimbisibwe, Salaviriuse", "Matama, Kevin", "Ninsiima, Herbert Izo", "Echoru, Isaac", "Ayikobua, Emmanuel Tiyo", "Ssimbwa, Godfrey", "Musinguzi, Simon Peter", "Muyinda, Robert", "Ssempijja, Fred", "Matovu, Henry", "MacLeod, Ewan", "Anderson, Neil Euan", "Welburn, Susan Christina"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528614", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447603, "pmcid": "PMC7245189", "title": "YouTube as a source of information on COVID-19 and rheumatic disease link.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Kocyigit, Burhan Fatih", "Akaltun, Mazlum Serdar", "Sahin, Ahmet Riza"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447603", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is continuing to spread rapidly despite all efforts. Patients with rheumatic disease may have higher levels of anxiety due to their disease characteristics and medications. The web-based platforms are widely used sources for gaining medical information. YouTube presents a wide range of medical information, but there are concerns on its quality. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the quality of the YouTube videos about COVID-19 and rheumatic diseases link. This is a descriptive study. A total of 360 videos listed by the YouTube search engine (www.youtube.com) in response to six search terms were evaluated. The Global Quality Scale (GQS) was performed to evaluate video quality. Three groups were formed according to GQS scores: high quality, moderate quality, and low quality. Video parameters were compared between these groups. After the exclusion criteria, 46 videos were reviewed. Of the videos, 41.4% (n\u2009=\u200919) were of high-quality group, 21.7% (n\u2009=\u200910) were moderate-quality group, and 36.9% (n\u2009=\u200917) were of low-quality group. Significant difference was detected between the quality groups in terms of views per day (p\u2009=\u20090.004). No significant difference was detected in comments per day (p\u2009=\u20090.139) and like ratio (p\u2009=\u20090.232). Besides high-quality videos, there were substantially low-quality videos that could cause misleading information to spread rapidly during the pandemic. Videos from trustworthy sources such as universities, academics, and physicians should be kept in the foreground.Key Points\u2022Web-based platforms have become an important source of health-related information. One of the most important online sources is YouTube because it is easy accessible and free.\u2022Of the videos evaluating the link between COVID-19 and rheumatic diseases, 41.4% (n\u2009=\u200919) were of high quality.\u2022The main sources of high-quality videos were academics/universities and physicians.\u2022The most frequently discussed topics in videos were the place of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 and whether to continue the use of existing rheumatological drugs."}, {"pmid": 32437961, "pmcid": "PMC7211649", "title": "Coagulation changes and thromboembolic risk in COVID-19 pregnant patients.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Benhamou, Dan", "Keita, Hawa", "Bouthors, Anne Sophie"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437961", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396997, "pmcid": "PMC7272864", "title": "First Impressions of Performing Bedside Cognitive Assessment of COVID-19 Inpatients.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Coetzer, Rudi"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331818, "pmcid": "PMC7151391", "title": "Commentary: Challenges to thoracic surgeons in the global coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Zhang, Yang", "Chen, Haiquan"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331818", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530585, "title": "New-Onset Diabetes in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubino, Francesco", "Amiel, Stephanie A", "Zimmet, Paul", "Alberti, George", "Bornstein, Stefan", "Eckel, Robert H", "Mingrone, Geltrude", "Boehm, Bernhard", "Cooper, Mark E", "Chai, Zhonglin", "Del Prato, Stefano", "Ji, Linong", "Hopkins, David", "Herman, William H", "Khunti, Kamlesh", "Mbanya, Jean-Claude", "Renard, Eric"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530585", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327128, "pmcid": "PMC7167498", "title": "Preparedness among Ophthalmologists: During and Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Olivia Li, Ji-Peng", "Shantha, Jessica", "Wong, Tien Y", "Wong, Edmund Y", "Mehta, Jod", "Lin, Haotian", "Lin, Xiaofeng", "Strouthidis, Nicholas G", "Park, Ki Ho", "Fung, Adrian T", "McLeod, Stephen D", "Busin, Massimo", "Parke, David W 2nd", "Holland, Gary N", "Chodosh, James", "Yeh, Steven", "Ting, Daniel S W"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327128", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352915, "title": "Strategies for radiology departments in handling the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Ashari, Muhammad Aminuddin", "Zainal, Isa Azzaki", "Zaki, Faizah Mohd"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352915", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is facing an unprecedented global pandemic in the form of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which has ravaged all aspects of life, especially health systems. Radiology services, in particular, are under threat of being overwhelmed by the sheer number of patients affected, unless drastic efforts are taken to contain and mitigate the spread of the virus. Proactive measures, therefore, must be taken to ensure the continuation of diagnostic and interventional support to clinicians, while minimizing the risk of nosocomial transmission among staff and other patients. This article aims to highlight several strategies to improve preparedness, readiness and response towards this pandemic, specific to the radiology department."}, {"pmid": 32426220, "pmcid": "PMC7229740", "title": "Triage of Patients with Venous and Lymphatic Diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic- the Venous and Lymphatic Triage and Acuity Scale (VELTAS).", "journal": "J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord", "authors": ["Parsi, Kurosh", "van Rij, Andre M", "Meissner, Mark H", "Davies, Alun H", "De Maeseneer, Marianne", "Gloviczki, Peter", "Benson, Stephen", "Bottini, Oscar", "Canata, Victor Manuel", "Dinnen, Paul", "Gasparis, Antonios", "Gianesini, Sergio", "Huber, David", "Jenkins, David", "Lal, Brajesh K", "Kabnick, Lowell", "Lim, Adrian", "Marston, William", "Granados, Alberto Martinez", "Morrison, Nick", "Nicolaides, Andrew", "Paraskevas, Peter", "Patel, Malay", "Roberts, Stefania", "Rogan, Christopher", "Schul, Marlin W", "Komlos, Pedro", "Stirling, Andrew", "Thibault, Simon", "Varghese, Roy", "Welch, Harold J", "Wittens, Cees H A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426220", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has resulted in diversion of healthcare resources to the management of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus. Elective interventions and surgical procedures in most countries have been postponed and operating room resources have been diverted to manage the pandemic. The Venous and Lymphatic Triage and Acuity Scale (VELTAS) was developed to provide an international standard to rationalise and harmonise the management of patients with venous and lymphatic disorders or vascular anomalies. Triage urgency was determined based on clinical assessment of urgency with which a patient would require medical treatment or surgical intervention. Clinical conditions were classified into six categories of: 1) Venous thromboembolism (VTE), 2) Chronic Venous Disease (CVD), 3) Vascular anomalies, 4) Venous trauma 5) Venous compression and 6) Lymphatic disease. Triage urgency was categorised into four groups and individual conditions were allocated to each class of triage. These included 1) Medical Emergencies (requiring immediate attendance), example massive pulmonary embolism; 2) Urgent (to be seen as soon as possible), example deep vein thrombosis ; 3) Semi-urgent (to be attended to within 30-90 days), example highly symptomatic CVD, and 4) Discretionary/Non-urgent- (to be seen within 6-12 months), example chronic lymphoedema. VELTAS aims to standardise the triage of patients with venous and lymphatic disease or vascular anomalies by providing an international consensus-based classification of clinical categories and triage urgency. The scale may be used during pandemics such as the current COVID-19 crisis but may also be used as a general framework to classify urgency of the listed conditions."}, {"pmid": 32503701, "pmcid": "PMC7151492", "title": "Specific Considerations for Sonographers When Performing Echocardiography during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Supplement to the American Society of Echocardiography Statement.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Mitchell, Carol", "Collins, Keith", "Hua, Lanqi", "McClanahan, Carlene", "Shea, Elaine", "Umland, Matthew", "Wasserman, Melissa"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503701", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sonographers need to be familiar with and prepared to implement strategies for reducing the risk of exposure to and transmission of the COVID-19 virus. Strategies to employ can be grouped into three broad categories: (1) whom to scan, (2) where to scan, and (3) how to scan. Whom to scan addresses sonographer strategies for determining essential and emergent scan status. Where to scan addresses sonographer practice strategies for selecting equipment, use of rooms, portable examinations, and training personnel. How to scan addresses the topics of scanning techniques (tailored protocols, right-handed scanning, use of barrier devices) and equipment cleaning and disinfecting."}, {"pmid": 32505658, "title": "An Exit Strategy for Resuming Non-Emergency Neurosurgery after SARS-CoV-2: a UK Perspective.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Hill, Ciaran S", "Muirhead, William R", "Vakharia, Vejay N", "Marcus, Hani J", "Choi, David"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505658", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Substantial healthcare resources have been diverted to deal with the effects of the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and non-emergency neurosurgery has been effectively shut down. As we start to emerge from the crisis, we need to deal with the backlog of non-emergency neurosurgical patients whose treatment has been delayed, whilst remaining responsive to further possible surges of infection. This article aims to identify core themes and challenges that limit resumption of a normal neurosurgical service after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and to provide pragmatic advice and solutions that may be of utility to clinicians looking to resume non-emergency neurosurgical care. We reviewed of relevant international policies, a wide range of journalistic and media sources, and expert opinion to address the stated aims. We present and discuss a range of factors that may act as potential barriers to resuming full elective neurosurgical provision, along with important steps that must be overcome to achieve pre-COVID-19 surgical capacity. We also explore how we may overcome these challenges and outline key requirements for a successful neurosurgical exit strategy from the pandemic. Recommencing non-emergency neurosurgery can start once minimum criteria have been fulfilled, these must include: 1. A structured prioritization of surgical cases 2. Incidence of virus infection should fall sufficiently to release previously diverted healthcare capacity 3. Adequate safety criteria met for patients and staff including sufficient personal protective equipment and robust testing 4. Maintenance of systems for rapid communication at organizational and individual levels."}, {"pmid": 32522765, "title": "Will the Higher-Income Country Blueprint for COVID-19 Work in Low- and Lower Middle-Income Countries?", "journal": "Glob Health Sci Pract", "authors": ["Hodgins, Stephen", "Saad, Abdulmumin"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522765", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455107, "pmcid": "PMC7236748", "title": "Prone positioning to improve oxygenation and relieve respiratory symptoms in awake, spontaneously breathing non-intubated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Sztajnbok, Jaques", "Maselli-Schoueri, Jean Henri", "Cunha de Resende Brasil, Lucas Mendes", "Farias de Sousa, Lucilene", "Cordeiro, Camila Muniz", "Sansao Borges, Luciana Marques", "Malaque, Ceila Maria Sant' Ana"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455107", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergency departments are facing an unprecedented challenge in dealing with patients who have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The massive number of cases evolving to respiratory failure are leading to a rapid depletion of medical resources such as respiratory support equipment, which is more critical in low- and middle-income countries. In this context, any therapeutic and oxygenation support strategy that conserves medical resources should be welcomed. Prone positioning is a well-known ventilatory support strategy to improve oxygenation levels. Self-proning can be used in the management of selected patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Here, we describe our experience with two COVID-19-positive patients who were admitted with respiratory failure. The patients were successfully managed with self-proning and noninvasive oxygenation without the need for intubation."}, {"pmid": 32394687, "title": "Chest CT features of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Ufuk, Furkan", "Savas, Recep"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394687", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new type of coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is rapidly spreading worldwide and causes pneumonia, respiratory distress, thromboembolic events, and death. Chest computed tomography (CT) plays an essential role in the diagnosis of viral pneumonia, monitoring disease progression, determination of disease severity, and evaluating therapeutic efficacy. Chest CT can show important clues of 2019-nCoV disease (also known as COVID-19) in patients with an appropriate clinic. Prompt diagnosis of COVID-19 is essential to prevent disease transmission and provide close clinical observation of patients with clinically severe disease. Therefore, radiologists and clinicians should be familiar with the CT imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia. Herein we aimed to review the imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia and to examine the critical points to be considered for imaging in cases with COVID-19 suspicion."}, {"pmid": 32501309, "pmcid": "PMC7241349", "title": "The future of business education: A commentary in the shadow of the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Bus Res", "authors": ["Krishnamurthy, Sandeep"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501309", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted business schools worldwide mainly through the shift to emergency remote teaching. I provide a rudimentary framework to understand this transformation through recognizing the changes in the university, the business world and the student. This disruption is going to lead to a decade-long technology-led remaking of business education. Finally, I share a triphasic model that maps the evolution of online learning in business schools."}, {"pmid": 32283117, "pmcid": "PMC7151543", "title": "In-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Shao, Fei", "Xu, Shuang", "Ma, Xuedi", "Xu, Zhouming", "Lyu, Jiayou", "Ng, Michael", "Cui, Hao", "Yu, Changxiao", "Zhang, Qing", "Sun, Peng", "Tang, Ziren"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283117", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in Wuhan, China. The outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia after IHCA over a 40-day period were retrospectively evaluated. Between January 15 and February 25, 2020, data for all cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempts for IHCA that occurred in a tertiary teaching hospital in Wuhan, China were collected according to the Utstein style. The primary outcome was restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and the secondary outcomes were 30-day survival, and neurological outcome. Data from 136 patients showed 119 (87.5%) patients had a respiratory cause for their cardiac arrest, and 113 (83.1%) were resuscitated in a general ward. The initial rhythm was asystole in 89.7%, pulseless electrical activity (PEA) in 4.4%, and shockable in 5.9%. Most patients with IHCA were monitored (93.4%) and in most resuscitation (89%) was initiated <1\u202fmin. The average length of hospital stay was 7 days and the time from illness onset to hospital admission was 10 days. The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension (30.2%), and the most frequent symptom was shortness of breath (75%). Of the patients receiving CPR, ROSC was achieved in 18 (13.2%) patients, 4 (2.9%) patients survived for at least 30 days, and one patient achieved a favourable neurological outcome at 30 days. Cardiac arrest location and initial rhythm were associated with better outcomes. Survival of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who had an in-hospital cardiac arrest was poor in Wuhan."}, {"pmid": 32504449, "pmcid": "PMC7274566", "title": "Diagnosis of venous and arterial thromboembolic events in COVID-19 virus-infected patients.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Betoule, Anna", "Martinet, Camille", "Gasperini, Guillaume", "Muller, Pauline", "Foucher, Stephane", "Benner, Patrick", "Renard, Aurelien"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504449", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243784, "pmcid": "PMC7270522", "title": "Protecting the psychological health of children through effective communication about COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Dalton, Louise", "Rapa, Elizabeth", "Stein, Alan"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243784", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513550, "title": "Diagnosis of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection in a Patient Referred for CT Lung Biopsy.", "journal": "J Vasc Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Morris, Michael F", "Goettel, Christopher", "Mendenhall, Cole", "Chen, Steve", "Hirsch, Kevin"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513550", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429770, "title": "Technology Literacy as a Barrier to Telehealth During COVID-19.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Triana, Austin J", "Gusdorf, Roman E", "Shah, Kaustav P", "Horst, Sara N"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333823, "pmcid": "PMC7267551", "title": "Expert recommendations for the management of autoimmune bullous diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Kasperkiewicz, M", "Schmidt, E", "Fairley, J A", "Joly, P", "Payne, A S", "Yale, M L", "Zillikens, D", "Woodley, D T"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333823", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192711, "pmcid": "PMC7118662", "title": "Emergency Caesarean delivery in a patient with confirmed COVID-19 under spinal anaesthesia.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Xia, Haifa", "Zhao, Shuai", "Wu, Zhouyang", "Luo, Huilin", "Zhou, Cheng", "Chen, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192711", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360980, "pmcid": "PMC7191292", "title": "French ICUs fight back: An example of regional ICU organisation to tackle the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Terrasi, Benjamin", "Arnaud, Emilien", "Guilbart, Mathieu", "Besserve, Patricia", "Mahjoub, Yazine"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360980", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232402, "pmcid": "PMC7184463", "title": "COVID-19 epidemic: disentangling the re-emerging controversy about medical facemasks from an epidemiological perspective.", "journal": "Int J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Chan, Ka Hung", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232402", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512038, "title": "IgG Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Viral RNA Persistence in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis.", "journal": "Am J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["De Vriese, An S", "Reynders, Marijke"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512038", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509860, "pmcid": "PMC7254074", "title": "Suggestions for Radiation Oncologists during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Biomed Res Int", "authors": ["Franco, Pierfrancesco", "Kochbati, Lofti", "Siano, Marco", "De Bari, Berardino"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509860", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and COVID-19 diffusion have recently become an international public health emergency. Cancer patients, as a frail population, are particularly exposed to the risk related to infections. The clinical decision-making process and the organizational workflow of radiotherapy department should be revised in the light of the critical situation. We herein provide practical suggestions derived from the available literature and discussed during an online session held within the e-learning educational program of the European School of Oncology on March 31st 2020."}, {"pmid": 32490887, "title": "Investigation of Turkish dentists' clinical attitudes and behaviors towards the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey study.", "journal": "Braz Oral Res", "authors": ["Duruk, Gulsum", "Gumusboga, Zekiye Seyma", "Colak, Cemil"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490887", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the whole world is under the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, and dentists are at high risk. The aim of this study was to investigate what kind of precautions Turkish dentists take in dental clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study population consisted of dentists in Turkey. An online questionnaire (23 questions-57 items) was sent to a sample of Turkish dentists from March 16 to March 20, 2020. The questionnaire comprised a series of questions about dentists' demographic characteristics, their concerns, and the measures taken in dental clinics against COVID-19. This study included a total of 1,958 Turkish dentists. A total of 1,274 (65.1%) were general dentists, and 684 (34.9%) were specialists. Five hundred twenty-two (26.7%) dentists attended an informational meeting on COVID-19. Of these dentists, 69.8% were aware of COVID-19 according to their self-assessed knowledge scores. More than 90% of the dentists were concerned about themselves and their families. Only 12% of the dentists wore an N95 mask. Although Turkish dentists took some precautionary measures, they did not take enough precautions to protect themselves, the dental staff, and other patients from COVID-19. As the number of COVID-19 cases increased, the measures taken slightly increased in dental clinics as well. Dentists are strongly recommended to take maximum precautions in the clinical setting. The guidelines about the COVID-19 pandemic should be sent to all dentists by the regional and national dental associations."}, {"pmid": 32268633, "title": "[Be alert to superposed effect of seasonal influenza while fighting against COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, T G", "Wang, M"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268633", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 continues to spread throughout the country, and the prevention and control of the epidemic has entered a critical period. However, southern cities with severe outbreaks are about to enter the seasonal influenza season. We should strengthen the epidemiological investigation, optimize the laboratory testing strategy, take effective measures, strengthen the prevention and control of influenza epidemic, and minimize the interference to the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32173572, "pmcid": "PMC7270523", "title": "Applications of Google Search Trends for risk communication in infectious disease management: A case study of the COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Husnayain, Atina", "Fuad, Anis", "Su, Emily Chia-Yu"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173572", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An emerging outbreak of a novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has now been detected in at least 211 countries worldwide. Given this pandemic situation, robust risk communication is urgently needed, particularly in affected countries. Therefore, this study explored the potential use of Google Trends (GT) to monitor public restlessness toward COVID-19 infection in Taiwan. We retrieved GT data for the specific locations and subregions in Taiwan nationwide using defined search terms related to the coronavirus, handwashing, and face masks. Searches related to COVID-19 and face masks in Taiwan rapidly increased following the announcements of Taiwan's first imported case and reached a peak as locally acquired cases were reported. However, searches for handwashing gradually increased during the period of face-mask shortage. Moreover, high to moderate correlations between Google relative search volumes (RSVs) and COVID-19 cases were found in Taipei (lag-3), New Taipei (lag-2), Taoyuan (lag-2), Tainan (lag-1), Taichung (lag0), and Kaohsiung (lag0). In response to the ongoing outbreak, our results demonstrated that GT could potentially define the proper timing and location for practicing appropriate risk communication strategies for affected populations."}, {"pmid": 32407245, "title": "Rural and Remote Communities: Unique Ethical Issues in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Erwin, Cheryl", "Aultman, Julie", "Harter, Tom", "Illes, Judy", "Kogan, Rabbi Claudio J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407245", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418674, "pmcid": "PMC7141448", "title": "Integrated Infection Control Strategy to Minimize Hospital-Acquired Infection During Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among ED Health Care Workers.", "journal": "J Emerg Nurs", "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418674", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430480, "title": "Prevention and control of COVID-19 in neurointerventional surgery: expert consensus from the Chinese Federation of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (CFITN) and the International Society for Neurovascular Disease (ISNVD).", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["He, Yingkun", "Hong, Tao", "Wang, Meiyun", "Jiao, Liqun", "Ge, Yulin", "Haacke, E Mark", "Li, Tianxiao", "Hongqi, Zhang"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430480", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330323, "pmcid": "PMC7267596", "title": "Safety of dupilumab in severe atopic dermatitis and infection of Covid-19: two case reports.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Ferrucci, S", "Romagnuolo, M", "Angileri, L", "Berti, E", "Tavecchio, S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330323", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390668, "pmcid": "PMC7197589", "title": "Social Work in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: All in This Together?", "journal": "Br J Soc Work", "authors": ["Golightley, Malcolm", "Holloway, Margaret"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390668", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32134205, "pmcid": "PMC7168071", "title": "Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection: Different points from adults.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Xia, Wei", "Shao, Jianbo", "Guo, Yu", "Peng, Xuehua", "Li, Zhen", "Hu, Daoyu"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32134205", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss the different characteristics of clinical, laboratory, and chest computed tomography (CT) in pediatric patients from adults with 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. The clinical, laboratory, and chest CT features of 20 pediatric inpatients with COVID-19 infection confirmed by pharyngeal swab COVID-19 nucleic acid test were retrospectively analyzed during 23 January and 8 February 2020. The clinical and laboratory information was obtained from inpatient records. All the patients were undergone chest CT in our hospital. Thirteen pediatric patients (13/20, 65%) had an identified history of close contact with COVID-19 diagnosed family members. Fever (12/20, 60%) and cough (13/20, 65%) were the most common symptoms. For laboratory findings, procalcitonin elevation (16/20, 80%) should be pay attention to, which is not common in adults. Coinfection (8/20, 40%) is common in pediatric patients. A total of 6 patients presented with unilateral pulmonary lesions (6/20, 30%), 10 with bilateral pulmonary lesions (10/20, 50%), and 4 cases showed no abnormality on chest CT (4/20, 20%). Consolidation with surrounding halo sign was observed in 10 patients (10/20, 50%), ground-glass opacities were observed in 12 patients (12/20, 60%), fine mesh shadow was observed in 4 patients (4/20, 20%), and tiny nodules were observed in 3 patients (3/20, 15%). Procalcitonin elevation and consolidation with surrounding halo signs were common in pediatric patients which were different from adults. It is suggested that underlying coinfection may be more common in pediatrics, and the consolidation with surrounding halo sign which is considered as a typical sign in pediatric patients."}, {"pmid": 32301760, "pmcid": "PMC7172489", "title": "COVID-19 Presenting as Acute Hepatitis.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Wander, Praneet", "Epstein, Marcia", "Bernstein, David"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301760", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444364, "pmcid": "PMC7247381", "title": "COVID-19: the rude awakening for the political elite in low- and middle-income countries.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Viens, A M", "Eyawo, Oghenowede"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444364", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500329, "pmcid": "PMC7272134", "title": "Telemedicine and COVID-19: an Observational Study of Rapid Scale Up in a US Academic Medical System.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Peden, Carol J", "Mohan, Sirisha", "Pagan, Veronica"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429572, "title": "The Role of Lipid Metabolism in COVID-19 Virus Infection and as a Drug Target.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Abu-Farha, Mohamed", "Thanaraj, Thangavel Alphonse", "Qaddoumi, Mohammad G", "Hashem, Anwar", "Abubaker, Jehad", "Al-Mulla, Fahd"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429572", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 pandemic has infected over two million people and resulted in the death of over one hundred thousand people at the time of writing this review. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Even though multiple vaccines and treatments are under development so far, the disease is only slowing down under extreme social distancing measures that are difficult to maintain. SARS-COV-2 is an enveloped virus that is surrounded by a lipid bilayer. Lipids are fundamental cell components that play various biological roles ranging from being a structural building block to a signaling molecule as well as a central energy store. The role lipids play in viral infection involves the fusion of the viral membrane to the host cell, viral replication, and viral endocytosis and exocytosis. Since lipids play a crucial function in the viral life cycle, we asked whether drugs targeting lipid metabolism, such as statins, can be utilized against SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. In this review, we discuss the role of lipid metabolism in viral infection as well as the possibility of targeting lipid metabolism to interfere with the viral life cycle."}, {"pmid": 32523779, "pmcid": "PMC7266483", "title": "Transmission and evolutionary dynamics of human coronavirus OC43 strains in coastal Kenya investigated by partial spike sequence analysis, 2015-16.", "journal": "Virus Evol", "authors": ["Abidha, Carol A", "Nyiro, Joyce", "Kamau, Everlyn", "Abdullahi, Osman", "Nokes, David James", "Agoti, Charles N"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523779", "countries": ["Kenya", "China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) is a major contributor to seasonal outbreaks of acute respiratory illness (ARI). The origins of locally circulating HCoV-OC43 strains and characteristics of their genetic diversity are unknown for most settings despite significance to effective HCoV control strategies. Between December 2015 and June 2016, we undertook ARI surveillance in coastal Kenya in nine outpatients and one inpatient health facility (HF). Ninety-two patient samples tested HCoV-OC43 positive and forty (43.5%) were successfully sequenced in spike (S) gene region (2,864 long, \u223c70%). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed co-circulation of two distinct HCoV-OC43 clades that closely clustered with genotype G (n\u2009=\u200934, 85%) and genotype H (n\u2009=\u20096, 15%) reference strains. Local viruses within the same clade displayed low genetic diversity yielding identical sequences in multiple HF. Furthermore, the newly sequenced Kenyan viruses showed close phylogenetic relationship to other contemporaneous sampled strains (2015-16) including those originating from distant places (e.g. USA and China). Using a genetic similarity threshold of 99.1 per cent at nucleotide level, the HCoV-OC43 strains sampled globally between 1967 and 2019 fell into nine sequence clusters. Notably, some of these clusters appeared to have become extinct, or occurred only sporadically in a few geographical areas while others persisted globally for multiple years. In conclusion, we found that HCoV-OC43 strains spread rapidly both locally and across the globe with limited genetic evolution in the spike gene. Full-genome sequences that are spatio-temporally representative are required to advance understanding of the transmission pathways of this important human respiratory pathogen."}, {"pmid": 32304402, "pmcid": "PMC7173027", "title": "The Performance of Chest CT in Evaluating the Clinical Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia: Identifying Critical Cases Based on CT Characteristics.", "journal": "Invest Radiol", "authors": ["Lyu, Peijie", "Liu, Xing", "Zhang, Rui", "Shi, Lei", "Gao, Jianbo"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304402", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to assess the clinical severity of COVID-19 pneumonia using qualitative and/or quantitative chest computed tomography (CT) indicators and identify the CT characteristics of critical cases. Fifty-one patients with COVID-19 pneumonia including ordinary cases (group A, n = 12), severe cases (group B, n = 15), and critical cases (group C, n = 24) were retrospectively enrolled. The qualitative and quantitative indicators from chest CT were recorded and compared using Fisher exact test, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and receiver operating characteristic analysis. Depending on the severity of the disease, the number of involved lung segments and lobes, the frequencies of consolidation, crazy-paving pattern, and air bronchogram increased in more severe cases. Qualitative indicators including total severity score for the whole lung and total score for crazy-paving and consolidation could distinguish groups B and C from A (69% sensitivity, 83% specificity, and 73% accuracy) but were similar between group B and group C. Combined qualitative and quantitative indicators could distinguish these 3 groups with high sensitivity (B + C vs A, 90%; C vs B, 92%), specificity (100%, 87%), and accuracy (92%, 90%). Critical cases had higher total severity score (>10) and higher total score for crazy-paving and consolidation (>4) than ordinary cases, and had higher mean lung density (>-779 HU) and full width at half maximum (>128 HU) but lower relative volume of normal lung density (\u226650%) than ordinary/severe cases. In our critical cases, 8 patients with relative volume of normal lung density smaller than 40% received mechanical ventilation for supportive treatment, and 2 of them had died. A rapid, accurate severity assessment of COVID-19 pneumonia based on chest CT would be feasible and could provide help for making management decisions, especially for the critical cases."}, {"pmid": 32347964, "title": "Molecular-based Alternatives for Colorectal Cancer Screening during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Surg Technol Int", "authors": ["Dockter, Andrew G", "Angelos, George C"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347964", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, important elective procedures, such as screening colonoscopy, have been delayed or cancelled, and there may be a very long waitlist for rescheduling once the moratorium is lifted. However, DNA-based stool sample tests may be useful for colorectal cancer screening when colonoscopy is not available. The aim of this review is to demonstrate the potential utility of enhanced DNA-based stool testing for colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis during crises that strain available healthcare resources, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. This review shows that DNA-based stool sample tests have the potential to enable colorectal cancer screening to prioritize patients to elective colonoscopy procedures, the continued delay of which during the COVID-19 pandemic has already placed a burden on future elective procedures."}, {"pmid": 32412689, "pmcid": "PMC7262016", "title": "COVID-19 and dermatologic surgery: Hazards of surgical plume.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Al-Niaimi, Firas", "Ali, Faisal R"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412689", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284276, "pmcid": "PMC7104051", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for the cytology laboratory.", "journal": "J Am Soc Cytopathol", "authors": ["Pambuccian, Stefan E"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284276", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The infection has predominantly respiratory transmission and is transmitted through large droplets or aerosols, and less commonly by contact with infected surfaces or fomites. The alarming spread of the infection and the severe clinical disease that it may cause have led to the widespread institution of social distancing measures. Because of repeated exposure to potentially infectious patients and specimens, health care and laboratory personnel are particularly susceptible to contract COVID-19. This review paper provides an assessment of the current state of knowledge about the disease and its pathology, and the potential presence of the virus in cytology specimens. It also discusses the measures that cytology laboratories can take to function during the pandemic, and minimize the risk to their personnel, trainees, and pathologists. In addition, it explores potential means to continue to educate trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32496622, "title": "Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comment.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Murphy, J H"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496622", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250159, "title": "Hemorrhagic Problem Among the Patients With COVID-19: Clinical Summary of 41 Thai Infected Patients.", "journal": "Clin Appl Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250159", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32164424, "title": "COVID-19: An Update on the Epidemiological, Clinical, Preventive and Therapeutic Evidence and Guidelines of Integrative Chinese-Western Medicine for the Management of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "Am J Chin Med", "authors": ["Chan, Kam Wa", "Wong, Vivian Taam", "Tang, Sydney Chi Wai"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32164424", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of 22 February 2020, more than 77662 cases of confirmed COVID-19 have been documented globally with over 2360 deaths. Common presentations of confirmed cases include fever, fatigue, dry cough, upper airway congestion, sputum production, shortness of breath, myalgia/arthralgia with lymphopenia, prolonged prothrombin time, elevated C-reactive protein, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase. The reported severe/critical case ratio is approximately 7-10% and median time to intensive care admission is 9.5-10.5 days with mortality of around 1-2% varied geographically. Similar to outbreaks of other newly identified virus, there is no proven regimen from conventional medicine and most reports managed the patients with lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, beta-interferon, glucocorticoid and supportive treatment with remdesivir undergoing clinical trial. In China, Chinese medicine is proposed as a treatment option by national and provincial guidelines with substantial utilization. We reviewed the latest national and provincial clinical guidelines, retrospective cohort studies, and case series regarding the treatment of COVID-19 by add-on Chinese medicine. We have also reviewed the clinical evidence generated from SARS and H1N1 management with hypothesized mechanisms and latest in silico findings to identify candidate Chinese medicines for the consideration of possible trials and management. Given the paucity of strongly evidence-based regimens, the available data suggest that Chinese medicine could be considered as an adjunctive therapeutic option in the management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32343658, "pmcid": "PMC7196844", "title": "Medication for COVID-19-an Overview of Approaches Currently Under Study.", "journal": "Dtsch Arztebl Int", "authors": ["Stahlmann, Ralf", "Lode, Hartmut"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343658", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is becoming increasingly urgent to develop a vaccine to prevent COVID-19, as well as effective drugs to treat it. This article is based on a selective literature search in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov, followed by an assessment of the ongoing clinical trials that were revealed by the search. A number of substances have been found to prevent the reproduction of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. These include virustatic agents that have already been approved for the treatment of other types of viral infection, as well as drugs that are currently used for entirely different purposes. High in vitro activity has been found for the nucleotide analogue remdesivir, for the antimalarial drug chloroquine, and for nitazoxanide, a drug used to treat protozoan infections. Because the virus enters human cells by way of the membrane-associated angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), keeping the virus from docking to this receptor is a conceivable treatment approach. Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) plays a role in the fusion of the virus with cells; inhibitors of this enzyme are known as well. The potential therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of these and other active substances remain to be investigated in clinical trials. At present, more than 80 trials on COVID-10 have already been registered with Clinical- Trials.gov. Some initial findings should already be available in late April 2020. Clinical trials are now indispensable in order to determine the true clinical benefits and risks of the substances that have been found to be active against SARSCoV- 2 in vitro. There is not yet any recommendation for the therapeutic use of any particular agent beyond standard supportive treatment."}, {"pmid": 32259189, "title": "The Challenge of Preventing COVID-19 Spread in Correctional Facilities.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rubin, Rita"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259189", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32162604, "pmcid": "PMC7204580", "title": "How Is the World Responding to the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Compared with the 2014 West African Ebola Epidemic? The Importance of China as a Player in the Global Economy.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Maffioli, Elisa M"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162604", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article describes similarities and differences in the response of governments and the international community to the current 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the 2014 West African Ebola epidemic. It expresses the opinion that the speed and scale of the response to COVID-19 are affected by the important role that China plays in the global economy. By contrast, insufficient and less timely action was initially undertaken in West African countries during the 2014 Ebola epidemic. It concludes by stating why preparedness for and response to all disease outbreaks, also in countries of lower economic importance, should become a priority in the global health agenda."}, {"pmid": 32198501, "pmcid": "PMC7184472", "title": "Profiling Early Humoral Response to Diagnose Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Guo, Li", "Ren, Lili", "Yang, Siyuan", "Xiao, Meng", "Chang, De", "Yang, Fan", "Dela Cruz, Charles S", "Wang, Yingying", "Wu, Chao", "Xiao, Yan", "Zhang, Lulu", "Han, Lianlian", "Dang, Shengyuan", "Xu, Yan", "Yang, Qiwen", "Xu, Shengyong", "Zhu, Huadong", "Xu, Yingchun", "Jin, Qi", "Sharma, Lokesh", "Wang, Linghang", "Wang, Jianwei"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198501", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major healthcare threat. Current method of detection involves qPCR-based technique, which identifies the viral nucleic acids when present in sufficient quantity. False negative results can be achieved and failure to quarantine the infected patient would be a major setback in containing the viral transmission. We here aim to describe the time kinetics of various antibodies produced against the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and evaluate the potential of antibody testing to diagnose COVID-19. The host humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 including IgA, IgM and IgG response were examined by using an ELISA based assay on the recombinant viral nucleocapsid protein. Total 208 plasma samples were collected from 82 confirmed and 58 probable cases (qPCR negative but had typical manifestation). The diagnostic value of IgM was evaluated in this cohort. The median duration of IgM and IgA antibody detection were 5 days (IQR 3-6), while IgG was detected on 14 days (IQR 10-18) after symptom onset, with a positive rate of 85.4%, 92.7% and 77.9% respectively. In confirmed and probable cases, the positive rates of IgM antibodies were 75.6% and 93.1%, respectively. The detection efficiency by IgM ELISA is higher than that of qPCR method after 5.5 days of symptom onset. The positive detection rate is significantly increased (98.6%) when combined IgM ELISA assay with PCR for each patient compare with a single qPCR test (51.9%). Humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 can aid to the diagnosis of COVID-19, including subclinical cases."}, {"pmid": 32347689, "pmcid": "PMC7197338", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 and ophthalmologists: introducing a simple protective shield for slitlamp biomicroscopic examination.", "journal": "J Cataract Refract Surg", "authors": ["Pourazizi, Mohsen", "Peyman, Alireza"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347689", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440662, "pmcid": "PMC7212074", "title": "Management of Pemphigus in COVID-19 Pandemic Era; a Review Article.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Abdollahimajd, Fahimeh", "Shahidi-Dadras, Mohammad", "M Robati, Reza", "Dadkhahfar, Sahar"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440662", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus is rapidly spreading around the world. Since the public announcement of the COVID-19 outbreak, several concerns have been raised by dermatologists as well as pemphigus patients who take immunosuppressive drugs. In this paper, we review the literature about the common treatment of pemphigus with a focus on the lessons from similar epidemics to find a proper suggestion to manage pemphigus in the COVID-19 pandemic era. The effect of many of the drugs used for treatment of Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) on COVID-19 is not clear. We also do not have data on the impact of this autoimmune disease, which may involve the mucous membranes, on the acquisition or course of COVID-19. We are currently in the midst of a pandemic and evaluating the effect of COVID-19 on the population of susceptible patients suffering from auto-immune diseases like pemphigus is essential. The evidence on best ways to manage patients with underlying conditions, such as pemphigus, during the outbreak of COVID-19 is evolving and the data is updated every day."}, {"pmid": 32426311, "pmcid": "PMC7203211", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection in Children: The Dark Side of a Worldwide Outbreak.", "journal": "Front Pediatr", "authors": ["Buonsenso, Danilo", "Zampino, Giuseppe", "Valentini, Piero"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426311", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this pediatric perspectives article, we discuss current limits in the understanding of novel coronavirus infection. In our opinion, the burden of novel coronavirus infections is underestimated because not actively looked for. We discuss the basis of our observations and what this can generate, suggesting a different approach for the search of the virus in children."}, {"pmid": 32330299, "pmcid": "PMC7264584", "title": "Estimating the effects of asymptomatic and imported patients on COVID-19 epidemic using mathematical modeling.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sun, Tingzhe", "Weng, Dan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330299", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 has been a serious threat to public health worldwide. Data from 23 January to 31 March at Jiangsu and Anhui provinces in China were collected. We developed an adjusted model with two novel features: the asymptomatic population and threshold behavior in recovery. Unbiased parameter estimation identified faithful model fitting. Our model predicted that the epidemic for asymptomatic patients (ASP) was similar in both provinces. The latent periods and outbreak sizes are extremely sensitive to strongly controlled interventions such as isolation and quarantine for both asymptomatic and imported cases. We predicted that ASP serve as a more severe factor with faster outbreaks and larger outbreak sizes compared with imported patients. Therefore, we argued that the currently strict interventions should be continuously implemented, and unraveling the asymptomatic pool is critically important before preventive strategy such as vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32473458, "pmcid": "PMC7243761", "title": "The need for fully bio-based facemasks to counter coronavirus outbreaks: A perspective.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Das, Oisik", "Neisiany, Rasoul Esmaeely", "Capezza, Antonio Jose", "Hedenqvist, Mikael S", "Forsth, Michael", "Xu, Qiang", "Jiang, Lin", "Ji, Dongxiao", "Ramakrishna, Seeram"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473458", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The onset of coronavirus pandemic has sparked a shortage of facemasks in almost all nations. Without this personal protective equipment, healthcare providers, essential workers, and the general public are exposed to the risk of infection. In light of the aforementioned, it is critical to balance the supply and demand for masks. COVID-19 will also ensure that masks are always considered as an essential commodity in future pandemic preparedness. Moreover, billions of facemasks are produced from petrochemicals derived raw materials, which are non-degradable upon disposal after their single use, thus causing environmental pollution and damage. The sustainable way forward is to utilise raw materials that are side-stream products of local industries to develop facemasks having equal or better efficiency than the conventional ones. In this regard, wheat gluten biopolymer, which is a by-product or co-product of cereal industries, can be electrospun into nanofibre membranes and subsequently carbonised at over 700\u00a0\u00b0C to form a network structure, which can simultaneously act as the filter media and reinforcement for gluten-based masks. In parallel, the same gluten material can be processed into cohesive thin films using plasticiser and hot press. Additionally, lanosol, a naturally-occurring substance, imparts fire (V-0 rating in vertical burn test), and microbe resistance in gluten plastics. Thus, thin films of flexible gluten with very low amounts of lanosol (<10\u00a0wt%) can be bonded together with the carbonised mat and shaped by thermoforming to create the facemasks. The carbon mat acting as the filter can be attached to the masks through adapters that can also be made from injection moulded gluten. The creation of these masks could simultaneously be effective in reducing the transmittance of infectious diseases and pave the way for environmentally benign sustainable products."}, {"pmid": 32473236, "pmcid": "PMC7255109", "title": "Ethnicity profiles of COVID-19 admissions and outcomes.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Kakkar, Dr Nishchay", "Dunphy, Dr Jessica", "Raza, Dr Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473236", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530776, "title": "Prevention of pressure ulcers among individuals cared for in the prone position: lessons for the COVID-19 emergency.", "journal": "J Wound Care", "authors": ["Moore, Zena", "Patton, Declan", "Avsar, Pinar", "McEvoy, Natalie L", "Curley, Gerard", "Budri, Aglecia", "Nugent, Linda", "Walsh, Simone", "O'Connor, Tom"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530776", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pressure ulcers (PUs) involve the destruction of skin and underlying tissue due to prolonged pressure and shear forces. These ulcers are painful and significantly reduce a person's quality of life. PUs are also expensive to manage and impact negatively on the achievement of cost-effective, efficient care delivery. Prone positioning is a postural therapy that aims to enhance respiratory function through increasing oxygenation levels. In contemporary clinical practice, ventilation in the prone position is indicated for patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, despite its advantages in terms of respiratory function, several studies have examined complications of prone position ventilation and have identified PUs (facial PUs as well as PUs on other weight-bearing areas of the body) as a frequent complication in patients who are already in a precarious medical situation. International data suggest that up to 57% of patients nursed in the prone position develop a PU. The aim of this clinical review is to identify and review evidence-based recommendations developed to facilitate the selection and application of preventive interventions aimed at reducing PU development in patients ventilated in the prone position. Given the current COVID-19 crisis, this review is timely as intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID-19 require ventilation in the prone position at a level that is disproportionate to the general intensive care population. Up to 28% of patients admitted to the ICU with confirmed infection due to severe COVID-19 are cared for in the prone position. The scope of this review is limited to adult individuals only. The skin assessment should be undertaken before proning and following positioning the patient back into the supine position. Although it is essential to keep the skin clean and moisturised, using pH-balanced cleansers, there is inconsistency in terms of the evidence to support the type of moisturiser. Use of positioning devices in addition to repositioning is recommended to offload pressure points on the face and body. Further, using dressings such as hydrocolloids, transparent film and silicone may be of benefit in decreasing facial skin breakdown. Given the importance of PU prevention in this cohort of patients, adopting a focused prevention strategy, including skin assessment and care, offloading and pressure redistribution, and dressings for prevention may contribute to a reduction in the incidence and prevalence of these largely preventable wounds."}, {"pmid": 32273489, "pmcid": "PMC7240233", "title": "Serial Computed Tomography Findings in a Child with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["He, Guiqing", "Sun, Wenjie", "Wu, Jing", "Cai, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273489", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531129, "title": "Bedside veno-venous ECMO cannulation: A pertinent strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Calcaterra, Domenico", "Heather, Beth", "Kohl, Louis P", "Erickson, Heidi L", "Prekker, Matthew E"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531129", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patient selection and cannulation arguably represent the key steps for the successful implementation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Cannulation is traditionally performed in the operating room or the catheterization laboratory for a number of reasons, including physician preference and access to real-time imaging, with the goal of minimizing complications and ensuring appropriate cannula positioning. Nonetheless, the patients' critical and unstable conditions often require emergent initiation of ECMO and preclude the safe transport of the patient to a procedural suite. Therefore, with the objective of avoiding delay with the initiation of therapy and reducing the hazard of transport, we implemented a protocol for bedside ECMO cannulation. A total of 89 patients required ECMO support at Hennepin County Medical Center between March 2015 and December 2019. Twenty-eight (31%) required veno-venous support and were all cannulated at the bedside.\u00a0Overall survival was 71% with no morbidity or mortality related to the cannulation procedure. In the current pandemic, the strategy of veno-venous bedside cannulation may have additional benefits for the care of patients with refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus-disease-2019, decreasing the risk of exposure of health care worker or other patients to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 occurring during patient transport, preparation, or during disinfection of the procedural suite and the transportation pathway after ECMO cannulation."}, {"pmid": 32451533, "title": "Molecular Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in FFPE Samples and Histopathologic Findings in Fatal SARS-CoV-2 Cases.", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Sekulic, Miroslav", "Harper, Holly", "Nezami, Behtash G", "Shen, Daniel L", "Sekulic, Simona Pichler", "Koeth, Aaron T", "Harding, Clifford V", "Gilmore, Hannah", "Sadri, Navid"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451533", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report methods and findings of 2 autopsies with molecular evaluation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive individuals. Postmortem examination was completed following Centers for Disease Control and Prevention public guidelines. Numerous formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue types from each case were surveyed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). SARS-CoV-2 viral genome was sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) from FFPE lung tissue blocks. Postmortem examinations revealed diffuse alveolar damage, while no viral-associated hepatic, cardiac, or renal damage was observed. Viral RNA was detected in lungs, bronchi, lymph nodes, and spleen in both cases using qRT-PCR method. RNA sequencing using NGS in case 1 revealed mutations most consistent with Western European Clade A2a with ORF1a L3606F mutation. SARS-CoV-2 testing and viral sequencing can be performed from FFPE tissue. Detection and sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in combination with morphological findings from postmortem tissue examination can aid in gaining a better understanding of the virus's pathophysiologic effects on human health."}, {"pmid": 32036774, "pmcid": "PMC7054940", "title": "Emerging novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-current scenario, evolutionary perspective based on genome analysis and recent developments.", "journal": "Vet Q", "authors": ["Malik, Yashpal Singh", "Sircar, Shubhankar", "Bhat, Sudipta", "Sharun, Khan", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Dadar, Maryam", "Tiwari, Ruchi", "Chaicumpa, Wanpen"], "date": "2020-02-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32036774", "countries": ["China", "Philippines"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are the well-known cause of severe respiratory, enteric and systemic infections in a wide range of hosts including man, mammals, fish, and avian. The scientific interest on coronaviruses increased after the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) outbreaks in 2002-2003 followed by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV). This decade's first CoV, named 2019-nCoV, emerged from Wuhan, China, and declared as 'Public Health Emergency of International Concern' on January 30th, 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). As on February 4, 2020, 425 deaths reported in China only and one death outside China (Philippines). In a short span of time, the virus spread has been noted in 24 countries. The zoonotic transmission (animal-to-human) is suspected as the route of disease origin. The genetic analyses predict bats as the most probable source of 2019-nCoV though further investigations needed to confirm the origin of the novel virus. The ongoing nCoV outbreak highlights the hidden wild animal reservoir of the deadly viruses and possible threat of spillover zoonoses as well. The successful virus isolation attempts have made doors open for developing better diagnostics and effective vaccines helping in combating the spread of the virus to newer areas."}, {"pmid": 32461409, "title": "Sanitizer aerosol-driven ocular surface disease (SADOSD)-A COVID-19 repercussion?", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Shetty, Rohit", "Jayadev, Chaitra", "Chabra, Aishwarya", "Maheshwari, Sonia", "D'Souza, Sharon", "Khamar, Pooja", "Sethu, Swaminathan", "Honavar, Santosh G"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461409", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an advisory for regular and thorough cleaning of hands besides other measures such as social distancing and self-isolation. The rationale for the same is to prevent the transfer of the virus from hands that have come in contact with fomites. While both alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHR) or washing with soap and water are claimed to have been effective, hand sanitizers have gained more popularity due to the ease of use. The increased frequency of ABHR use and the aerosols generated pose a potential threat to the skin and exposed mucosal surfaces, especially that of the eye due to the proximity of use. The adverse effects of alcohol in these sanitizers can be manifold. An allergic or inflammatory response can occur depending on the predisposing or preexisting conditions. This article describes the risks, underlying mechanisms, and preventive measures for sanitizer aerosol-driven ocular surface disease."}, {"pmid": 32305442, "pmcid": "PMC7162755", "title": "Teledermatology in the era of COVID-19: Experience of an academic department of dermatology.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Perkins, Sara", "Cohen, Jeffrey M", "Nelson, Caroline A", "Bunick, Christopher G"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302740, "pmcid": "PMC7156947", "title": "The impact of despecialisation and redeployment on surgical training in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Hourston, George J M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302740", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387564, "pmcid": "PMC7199730", "title": "Emergence of genomic diversity and recurrent mutations in SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["van Dorp, Lucy", "Acman, Mislav", "Richard, Damien", "Shaw, Liam P", "Ford, Charlotte E", "Ormond, Louise", "Owen, Christopher J", "Pang, Juanita", "Tan, Cedric C S", "Boshier, Florencia A T", "Ortiz, Arturo Torres", "Balloux, Francois"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387564", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a SARS-like coronavirus of likely zoonotic origin first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province. The virus has since spread globally, resulting in the currently ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The first whole genome sequence was published on January 5 2020, and thousands of genomes have been sequenced since this date. This resource allows unprecedented insights into the past demography of SARS-CoV-2 but also monitoring of how the virus is adapting to its novel human host, providing information to direct drug and vaccine design. We curated a dataset of 7666 public genome assemblies and analysed the emergence of genomic diversity over time. Our results are in line with previous estimates and point to all sequences sharing a common ancestor towards the end of 2019, supporting this as the period when SARS-CoV-2 jumped into its human host. Due to extensive transmission, the genetic diversity of the virus in several countries recapitulates a large fraction of its worldwide genetic diversity. We identify regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome that have remained largely invariant to date, and others that have already accumulated diversity. By focusing on mutations which have emerged independently multiple times (homoplasies), we identify 198 filtered recurrent mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Nearly 80% of the recurrent mutations produced non-synonymous changes at the protein level, suggesting possible ongoing adaptation of SARS-CoV-2. Three sites in Orf1ab in the regions encoding Nsp6, Nsp11, Nsp13, and one in the Spike protein are characterised by a particularly large number of recurrent mutations (>15 events) which may signpost convergent evolution and are of particular interest in the context of adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to the human host. We additionally provide an interactive user-friendly web-application to query the alignment of the 7666 SARS-CoV-2 genomes."}, {"pmid": 32529866, "title": "Covid-19: A Comprehensive Review of a Formidable Foe and the Road Ahead.", "journal": "Expert Rev Respir Med", "authors": ["Hussain, Arafat", "Yadav, Suniti", "Hadda, Vijay", "Suri, Tejas M", "Tiwari, Pawan", "Mittal, Saurabh", "Madan, Karan", "Mohan, Anant"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529866", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by the novel beta coronavirus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromecoronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Within a short span, COVID-19 was declared a global public health emergency affecting 214 countries with 5,939,234 confirmed cases and 3,67,255 deaths as of 30 May, 2020. With limited knowledge about SARS-CoV-2, no approved treatment or vaccine is available till date. We performed a review of literature on PubMed on the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 illness including trials of preventive and therapeutic measures. This review presents the basic biology of coronaviruses, epidemiology of COVID-19, clinical presentations, investigational therapies and vaccines, infection prevention and control measures and the lessons from the present pandemic. The scale of the outbreak has brought the governments, healthcare professionals and scientists around the world under tremendous pressure to devise control strategies and develop novel prevention measures. While availability of vaccine for COVID-19 may take time, the disease may be contained through hand hygiene, physical distancing, travel restriction and aggressive steps such as 'lockdown'. Clinical trials at different phases are ongoing across different countries to expedite development of effective drugs and vaccine to overcome the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32425730, "pmcid": "PMC7229920", "title": "A negative fallout of COVID-19 lockdown in Italy: life-threatening delay in the diagnosis of celiac disease.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Catassi, Giulia N", "Vallorani, Martina", "Cerioni, Federica", "Lionetti, Elena", "Catassi, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425730", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427194, "pmcid": "PMC7232931", "title": "COVID-19 places Iran's nomadic pastoralists at a crossroads.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Rahmanian, Maryam", "Naghizadeh, Nahid"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427194", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32101510, "pmcid": "PMC7233399", "title": "Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Ai, Tao", "Yang, Zhenlu", "Hou, Hongyan", "Zhan, Chenao", "Chen, Chong", "Lv, Wenzhi", "Tao, Qian", "Sun, Ziyong", "Xia, Liming"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32101510", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Chest CT is used for diagnosis of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), as an important complement to the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests. Purpose To investigate the diagnostic value and consistency of chest CT as compared with comparison to RT-PCR assay in COVID-19. Methods From January 6 to February 6, 2020, 1014 patients in Wuhan, China who underwent both chest CT and RT-PCR tests were included. With RT-PCR as reference standard, the performance of chest CT in diagnosing COVID-19 was assessed. Besides, for patients with multiple RT-PCR assays, the dynamic conversion of RT-PCR results (negative to positive, positive to negative, respectively) was analyzed as compared with serial chest CT scans for those with time-interval of 4 days or more. Results Of 1014 patients, 59% (601/1014) had positive RT-PCR results, and 88% (888/1014) had positive chest CT scans. The sensitivity of chest CT in suggesting COVID-19 was 97% (95%CI, 95-98%, 580/601 patients) based on positive RT-PCR results. In patients with negative RT-PCR results, 75% (308/413) had positive chest CT findings; of 308, 48% were considered as highly likely cases, with 33% as probable cases. By analysis of serial RT-PCR assays and CT scans, the mean interval time between the initial negative to positive RT-PCR results was 5.1 \u00b1 1.5 days; the initial positive to subsequent negative RT-PCR result was 6.9 \u00b1 2.3 days). 60% to 93% of cases had initial positive CT consistent with COVID-19 prior (or parallel) to the initial positive RT-PCR results. 42% (24/57) cases showed improvement in follow-up chest CT scans before the RT-PCR results turning negative. Conclusion Chest CT has a high sensitivity for diagnosis of COVID-19. Chest CT may be considered as a primary tool for the current COVID-19 detection in epidemic areas."}, {"pmid": 32347761, "title": "The danger of neglecting melanoma during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Gomolin, Tamar", "Cline, Abigail", "Handler, Marc Zachary"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347761", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, planned medical and surgical activities are being postponed. For the dermatology community, this interruption to the healthcare system can lead to delays in the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma. Neglecting melanoma during this crisis can result in increased mortality, morbidity and healthcare costs. With the COVID-19 pandemic evolving and no clear solutions in sight, it is time for the prospective evaluation of teledermatology. However, dermatologists should be cautious and continue seeing patients with pigmented lesions in person due to the necessity of early surgical intervention."}, {"pmid": 32462418, "pmcid": "PMC7253232", "title": "A recommendation for IVF lab practice in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Assist Reprod Genet", "authors": ["Arav, Amir"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462418", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362027, "pmcid": "PMC7267332", "title": "Suicide in the Time of COVID-19: A Perfect Storm.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Brown, Sabrina", "Schuman, Donna L"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362027", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347966, "pmcid": "PMC7267292", "title": "An Evolving Approach to the Laboratory Assessment of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lu, Hongzhou", "Stratton, Charles W", "Tang, Yi-Wei"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347966", "countries": ["United States", "China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 outbreak has evolved in each country, the approach to the laboratory assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection has had to evolve as well. This review addresses the evolving approach to the laboratory assessment of COVID-19 and discusses how algorithms for testing have been driven, in part, by the demand for testing overwhelming the capacity to accomplish such testing. This review focused on testing in the United States as this testing is evolving whereas in China and other countries such as South Korea testing is widely available and includes both molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2 as well as serological testing using both ELISA methodology and lateral flow immunoassay methodology. Although commercial testing systems are becoming available, there will likely be insufficient numbers of such tests due to high demand. Serological testing will be the next testing issue as the COVID-19 begins to subside. This will allow immunity testing as well as will allow the parameters of the COVID-19 outbreak to be defined. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32410218, "pmcid": "PMC7273088", "title": "Teledermatology for patient management, dermatology education and research during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Australas J Dermatol", "authors": ["Cinelli, Eleonora", "Megna, Matteo", "Di Guida, Adriana", "Greco, Vincenzo", "Annunziata, Maria Carmela", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410218", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446793, "pmcid": "PMC7205723", "title": "Coronavirus: the geriatric emergency of 2020. Joint document of the Section on Geriatric Cardiology of the Spanish Society of Cardiology and the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Bonanad, Clara", "Garcia-Blas, Sergio", "Tarazona-Santabalbina, Francisco Jose", "Diez-Villanueva, Pablo", "Ayesta, Ana", "Sanchis Fores, Juan", "Vidan-Austiz, Maria Teresa", "Formiga, Francesc", "Ariza-Sole, Albert", "Martinez-Selles, Manuel"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446793", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection, also known as COVID-19 (coronavirus infectious disease-19), was first identified in December 2019. In Spain, the first case of this infection was diagnosed on 31 January, 2020 and, by 15 April 2020, has caused 18 579 deaths, especially in the elderly. Due to the rapidly evolving situation regarding this disease, the data reported in this article may be subject to modifications. The older population are particularly susceptible to COVID-19 infection and to developing severe disease. The higher morbidity and mortality rates in older people have been associated with comorbidity, especially cardiovascular disease, and frailty, which weakens the immune response. Due to both the number of affected countries and the number of cases, the current situation constitutes an ongoing pandemic and a major health emergency. Because Spain has one of the largest older populations in the world, COVID-19 has emerged as a geriatric emergency. This document has been prepared jointly between the Section on Geriatric Cardiology of the Spanish Society of Cardiology and the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology."}, {"pmid": 32330540, "pmcid": "PMC7172712", "title": "Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Iavarone, M", "Sangiovanni, A", "Carrafiello, G", "Rossi, G", "Lampertico, P"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330540", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414710, "title": "Methanol toxicity outbreak: when fear of COVID-19 goes viral.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Sefidbakht, Sepideh", "Lotfi, Mehrzad", "Jalli, Reza", "Moghadami, Mohsen", "Sabetian, Golnar", "Iranpour, Pooya"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414710", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203360, "title": "What China's coronavirus response can teach the rest of the world.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cyranoski, David"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203360", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31994742, "pmcid": "PMC7167192", "title": "Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Weier", "Tang, Jianming", "Wei, Fangqiang"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31994742", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To help health workers and the public recognize and deal with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) quickly, effectively, and calmly with an updated understanding. A comprehensive search from Chinese and worldwide official websites and announcements was performed between 1 December 2019 and 9:30 am 26 January 2020 (Beijing time). A latest summary of 2019-nCoV and the current outbreak was drawn. Up to 24 pm, 25 January 2020, a total of 1975 cases of 2019-nCoV infection were confirmed in mainland China with a total of 56 deaths having occurred. The latest mortality was approximately 2.84% with a total of 2684 cases still suspected. The China National Health Commission reported the details of the first 17 deaths up to 24 pm, 22 January 2020. The deaths included 13 males and 4 females. The median age of the people who died was 75 (range 48-89) years. Fever (64.7%) and cough (52.9%) were the most common first symptoms among those who died. The median number of days from the occurence of the first symptom to death was 14.0 (range 6-41) days, and it tended to be shorter among people aged 70 years or more (11.5 [range 6-19] days) than those aged less than 70 years (20 [range 10-41] days; P\u2009=\u2009.033). The 2019-nCoV infection is spreading and its incidence is increasing nationwide. The first deaths occurred mostly in elderly people, among whom the disease might progress faster. The public should still be cautious in dealing with the virus and pay more attention to protecting the elderly people from the virus."}, {"pmid": 32387016, "pmcid": "PMC7165086", "title": "Perioperative Echocardiography During the Coronavirus Crisis: Considerations in Pediatrics and Congenital Heart Disease.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32159254, "pmcid": "PMC7228262", "title": "Where are we now with COVID-19?", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Thomson, George A"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159254", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439187, "pmcid": "PMC7205617", "title": "An unusual case of severe acute hyponatremia in patient with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Nefrologia", "authors": ["De La Flor Merino, Jose Carlos", "Mola Reyes, Laura", "Linares Gravalos, Tania", "Roel Conde, Ana", "Rodeles Del Pozo, Miguel"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439187", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531218, "pmcid": "PMC7283067", "title": "Vaginal delivery in COVID-19 pregnant women: anorectum as a potential alternative route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Carosso, Andrea", "Cosma, Stefano", "Benedetto, Chiara"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531218", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444504, "pmcid": "PMC7253225", "title": "Challenges in the management of older patients with acute coronary syndromes in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Rowland, Ben", "Kunadian, Vijay"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444504", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ischaemic heart disease (IHD), in particular acute coronary syndrome (ACS), comprising ST-elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is the leading cause of death worldwide. Age is a major predictor of adverse outcome following ACS. COVID-19 infection seems to escalate the risk in older patients with heart disease. Increasing odds of in-hospital death is associated with older age following COVID-19 infection. Importantly, it seems older patients with comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), in particular IHD, diabetes and hypertension, are at the highest risk of mortality following COVID-19 infection. The evidence is sparse on the optimal care of older patients with ACS with lack of robust randomised controlled trials. In this setting, with the serious threat imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of rapidly evolving knowledge with much unknown, it is important to weigh the risks and benefits of treatment strategies offered to older patients. In cases where risks outweigh the benefits, it might not be an unreasonable option to treat such patients with a conservative or a palliative approach. Further evidence to elucidate whether invasive management is beneficial in older patients with ACS is required out-with the COVID-19 pandemic. Though it is hoped that the actual acute phase of COVID-19 infection will be short lived, it is vital that important clinical research is continued, given the long-term benefits of ongoing clinical research for patients with long-term conditions, including CVD. This review aimed to evaluate the challenges and the management strategies in the care of older patients presenting with ACS in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32334115, "pmcid": "PMC7194543", "title": "Preliminary estimates of the reproduction number of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Republic of Korea and Italy by 5 March 2020.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhuang, Zian", "Zhao, Shi", "Lin, Qianying", "Cao, Peihua", "Lou, Yijun", "Yang, Lin", "Yang, Shu", "He, Daihai", "Xiao, Li"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334115", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has caused 6088 cases and 41 deaths in Republic of Korea, and 3144 cases and 107 death in Italy by 5 March 2020, respectively. We modelled the transmission process in the Republic of Korea and Italy with a stochastic model, and estimated the basic reproduction number R0 as 2.6 (95% CI: 2.3-2.9) or 3.2 (95% CI: 2.9-3.5) in the Republic of Korea, under the assumption that the exponential growth starting on 31 January or 5 February 2020, and 2.6 (95% CI: 2.3-2.9) or 3.3 (95% CI: 3.0-3.6) in Italy, under the assumption that the exponential growth starting on 5 February or 10 February 2020, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32406084, "pmcid": "PMC7272870", "title": "COVID-19 IN THE LONG-TERM CARE SETTING: THE CMS PERSPECTIVE.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Levitt, Alan F", "Ling, Shari M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Safeguarding the health and promoting the well-being and quality of life of the most vulnerable and fragile citizens is a top priority for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). In response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous regulatory policies and 1,135 waivers of federal requirements have been implemented by CMS to give long-term care providers and professionals flexibility to meet the demands of resident and patient care needs during this public health emergency. Goals for these policies and waivers are increasing capacity, enhancing workforce and capability, improving oversight and transparency, preventing COVID-19 transmission, and reducing provider burden."}, {"pmid": 32292691, "pmcid": "PMC7139267", "title": "Determining the spatial effects of COVID-19 using the spatial panel data model.", "journal": "Spat Stat", "authors": ["Guliyev, Hasraddin"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292691", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study investigates the propagation power and effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in light of published data. We examine the factors affecting COVID-19 together with the spatial effects, and use spatial panel data models to determine the relationship among the variables including their spatial effects. Using spatial panel models, we analyse the relationship between confirmed cases of COVID-19, deaths thereof, and recovered cases due to treatment. We accordingly determine and include the spatial effects in this examination after establishing the appropriate model for COVID-19. The most efficient and consistent model is interpreted with direct and indirect spatial effects."}, {"pmid": 32401283, "title": "Low-Income Children and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the US.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Dooley, Danielle G", "Bandealy, Asad", "Tschudy, Megan M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401283", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420629, "title": "Evans syndrome in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Li, Monica", "Nguyen, Charles B", "Yeung, Zachary", "Sanchez, Katherine", "Rosen, Daniel", "Bushan, Sita"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420629", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evans syndrome (ES) is a rare condition characterized by the combination of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). While the precise pathophysiology is not entirely understood, it is believed that dysregulation of the immune system is a primary contributor to the condition. ES has been observed in viral infections including hepatitis C, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster, and Epstein-Barr viruses (1-4). Initial cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were first described in early December 2019 and has now spread to a global pandemic. While knowledge about COVID-19 continues to evolve, clinicians have reported hematologic complications associated with the virus."}, {"pmid": 32283148, "pmcid": "PMC7151270", "title": "High-resolution computed tomographic imaging disclosing COVID-19 pneumonia: A powerful tool in diagnosis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Zili", "Shen, Yin", "Wang, Haijun", "Zhao, Lei", "Hu, Desheng"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283148", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314130, "pmcid": "PMC7169648", "title": "We Can't Just Wash Our Hands: a Primary Care Physician's Thoughts on COVID-19 and Her Community.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Bryant, Kelsey B"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314130", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226289, "pmcid": "PMC7098029", "title": "Perspectives on therapeutic neutralizing antibodies against the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Zhou, Guangyu", "Zhao, Qi"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226289", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A newly identified novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is causing pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome across the world. Epidemiology, genomics, and pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 show high homology with that of SARS-CoV. Current efforts are focusing on development of specific antiviral drugs. Therapeutic neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 will be greatly important therapeutic agents for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herein, the host immune responses against SARS-CoV discussed in this review provide implications for developing NAbs and understanding clinical interventions against SARS-CoV-2. Further, we describe the benefits, challenges and considerations of NAbs against SARS-CoV-2. Although many challenges exist, NAbs still offer a therapeutic option to control the current pandemic and the possible re-emergence of the virus in the future, and their development therefore remains a high priority."}, {"pmid": 32239525, "pmcid": "PMC7228292", "title": "Radiologic chest CT findings from COVID-19 in Orleans Parish, Louisiana.", "journal": "Echocardiography", "authors": ["Danrad, Raman", "Smith, David L", "Kerut, Edmund K"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239525", "countries": ["United States", "France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Orleans Parish in Louisiana is in the midst of an exponentially increasing number of patient admissions with COVID-19 and respiratory symptoms. Patients have been described having CT findings most consistent with an early-stage (<7\u00a0days from symptoms onset) or an advanced stage (8-14\u00a0days from symptoms onset). We describe and illustrate those early and advanced stage CT findings from patients with documented COVID-19 who have been admitted to University Medical Center in New Orleans, Louisiana."}, {"pmid": 32473596, "title": "Pharmacological Agents Targeting Thromboinflammation in COVID-19: Review and Implications for Future Research.", "journal": "Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Bikdeli, Behnood", "Madhavan, Mahesh V", "Gupta, Aakriti", "Jimenez, David", "Burton, John R", "Der Nigoghossian, Caroline", "Chuich, Taylor", "Nouri, Shayan Nabavi", "Dreyfus, Isaac", "Driggin, Elissa", "Sethi, Sanjum", "Sehgal, Kartik", "Chatterjee, Saurav", "Ageno, Walter", "Madjid, Mohammad", "Guo, Yutao", "Tang, Liang V", "Hu, Yu", "Bertoletti, Laurent", "Giri, Jay", "Cushman, Mary", "Quere, Isabelle", "Dimakakos, Evangelos P", "Gibson, C Michael", "Lippi, Giuseppe", "Favaloro, Emmanuel J", "Fareed, Jawed", "Tafur, Alfonso J", "Francese, Dominic P", "Batra, Jaya", "Falanga, Anna", "Clerkin, Kevin J", "Uriel, Nir", "Kirtane, Ajay", "McLintock, Claire", "Hunt, Beverley J", "Spyropoulos, Alex C", "Barnes, Geoffrey D", "Eikelboom, John W", "Weinberg, Ido", "Schulman, Sam", "Carrier, Marc", "Piazza, Gregory", "Beckman, Joshua A", "Leon, Martin B", "Stone, Gregg W", "Rosenkranz, Stephan", "Goldhaber, Samuel Z", "Parikh, Sahil A", "Monreal, Manuel", "Krumholz, Harlan M", "Konstantinides, Stavros V", "Weitz, Jeffrey I", "Lip, Gregory Y H"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473596", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), currently a worldwide pandemic, is a viral illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The suspected contribution of thrombotic events to morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients has prompted a search for novel potential options for preventing COVID-19-associated thrombotic disease. In this article by the Global COVID-19 Thrombosis Collaborative Group, we describe novel dosing approaches for commonly used antithrombotic agents (especially heparin-based regimens) and the potential use of less widely used antithrombotic drugs in the absence of confirmed thrombosis. Although these therapies may have direct antithrombotic effects, other mechanisms of action, including anti-inflammatory or antiviral effects, have been postulated. Based on survey results from this group of authors, we suggest research priorities for specific agents and subgroups of patients with COVID-19. Further, we review other agents, including immunomodulators, that may have antithrombotic properties. It is our hope that the present document will encourage and stimulate future prospective studies and randomized trials to study the safety, efficacy, and optimal use of these agents for prevention or management of thrombosis in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32405046, "pmcid": "PMC7220642", "title": "Preparing ophthalmologists for the use of mechanical ventilation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Harvey, Joshua P", "Sinclair, Vita F"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405046", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299477, "pmcid": "PMC7160612", "title": "A case of a readmitted patient who recovered from COVID-19 in Chengdu, China.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Li, Xiao-Jin", "Zhang, Zhong-Wei", "Zong, Zhi-Yong"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299477", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414666, "pmcid": "PMC7211581", "title": "A severe-type COVID-19 case with prolonged virus shedding.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Liu, Yijie", "Chen, Xu", "Zou, Xuan", "Luo, Hong"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414666", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320741, "pmcid": "PMC7166301", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Zheng, Kenneth I", "Gao, Feng", "Wang, Xiao-Bo", "Sun, Qing-Feng", "Pan, Ke-Hua", "Wang, Ting-Yao", "Ma, Hong-Lei", "Chen, Yong-Ping", "Liu, Wen-Yue", "George, Jacob", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320741", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425309, "pmcid": "PMC7229724", "title": "The Effect of Potential Therapeutic Agents on QT Interval in Patients with COVID-19 Infection: The Importance of Close Monitoring and Correction of Electrolytes.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Habibzadeh, Parham", "Moghadami, Mohsen", "Bagheri Lankarani, Kamran"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425309", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32502640, "pmcid": "PMC7266602", "title": "Optimising effectiveness of health care and value of clinical trials in the COVID -19 outbreak.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Filippis, Giuseppe De"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502640", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531352, "pmcid": "PMC7280818", "title": "Importance of the evaluation of systemic microvascular flow and reactivity in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 - COVID-19.", "journal": "Microvasc Res", "authors": ["Tibirica, Eduardo", "De Lorenzo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531352", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amidst the pandemic that has mesmerized the entire world, as it has not spared anyone according to any specific characteristic, some conditions have, in fact, emerged as risk factors for a complicated evolution of COVID-19. Older age, cardiovascular disease including hypertension, diabetes and pulmonary disease, have been associated with more severe presentations and/or adverse prognosis. In this letter to the editor, we propose that the link between cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and the higher incidence and worse prognosis of COVID-19 patients is the (micro) vascular endothelium."}, {"pmid": 32412513, "title": "Challenges for medical education in Mexico in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Gac Med Mex", "authors": ["Barajas-Ochoa, Aldo", "Andrade-Romo, Jorge Santiago", "Ramos-Santillan, Vicente O"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412513", "countries": ["United States", "Mexico"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By April 2, 2020, only 116 days after the description of the first case of SARS-CoV2 virus infection, which causes the COVID-19 disease, 1,014,673 cases and 50,030 deaths have been recorded in 181 countries.1 In the United States, there have been 244,678 cases and 5,911 deaths recorded (in New York State alone, there are 93,053 cases and 2,538 deaths), while in Mexico, 1,378 cases and 37 deaths have been recorded. This number is expected to keep on increasing in both countries. The health system in Mexico, as well as in the rest of the world, will face an enormous problem in the months to come."}, {"pmid": 32354536, "pmcid": "PMC7166108", "title": "Helmet Modification to PPE With 3D Printing During the COVID-19 Pandemic at Duke University Medical Center: A Novel Technique.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Erickson, Melissa M", "Richardson, Eric S", "Hernandez, Nicholas M", "Bobbert, Dana W 2nd", "Gall, Ken", "Fearis, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354536", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Care for patients during COVID-19 poses challenges that require the protection of staff with recommendations that health care workers wear at minimum, an N95 mask or equivalent while performing an aerosol-generating procedure with a face shield. The United States faces shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), and surgeons who use loupes and headlights have difficulty using these in conjunction with face shields. Most arthroplasty surgeons use surgical helmet systems, but in the current pandemic, many hospitals have delayed elective arthroplasty surgeries and the helmet systems are going unused. As a result, the authors have begun retrofitting these arthroplasty helmets to serve as PPE. The purpose of this article is to outline the conception, design, donning technique, and safety testing of these arthroplasty helmets being repurposed as PPE."}, {"pmid": 32053389, "pmcid": "PMC7144458", "title": "Straining the System: Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Preparedness for Concomitant Disasters.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Smith, Nathaniel", "Fraser, Michael"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32053389", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377017, "pmcid": "PMC7201910", "title": "Author Correction: Management of IBD during the COVID-19 outbreak: resetting clinical priorities.", "journal": "Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Danese, Silvio", "Cecconi, Maurizio", "Spinelli, Antonino"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377017", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32270980, "title": "Incorporating telemedicine as part of COVID-19 outbreak response systems.", "journal": "Am J Manag Care", "authors": ["Rockwell, Kimberly Lovett", "Gilroy, Alexis S"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270980", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare providers should revisit disaster response policies to incorporate telemedicine systems to address some of the unique challenges posed by infectious disease outbreaks such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32534129, "title": "Urgent Peritoneal Dialysis in Patients With COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury: A Single-Center Experience in a Time of Crisis in the United States.", "journal": "Am J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Sourial, Maryanne Y", "Sourial, Mina H", "Dalsan, Rochelle", "Graham, Jay", "Ross, Michael", "Chen, Wei", "Golestaneh, Ladan"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534129", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At Montefiore Medical Center, in The Bronx, NY, the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was admitted on March 11, 2020. At the height of the pandemic, there were 855 patients with COVID-19 admitted on April 13, 2020. Due to high demand for dialysis and shortages of staff and supplies, we started an urgent peritoneal dialysis (PD) program. From April 1st to April 22nd, 30 patients were started on PD. Of those 30 patients, 14 died during their hospitalization, 8 were discharged, and 8 were still hospitalized as of May 14, 2020. Although the PD program was successful in its ability to provide much-needed kidney replacement therapy (KRT) when hemodialysis was not available, challenges to delivering adequate PD dosage included difficulties in providing nurse training and availability of supplies. Providing adequate clearance and ultrafiltration for patients in intensive care units was especially difficult due to high prevalence of hypercatabolic state, volume overload, and prone positioning. PD was more easily performed in non-critically ill patients outside the intensive care unit. Despite these challenges, we demonstrate that urgent PD is a feasible alternative to hemodialysis in situations with critical resource shortages."}, {"pmid": 32405234, "pmcid": "PMC7218397", "title": "Comment on: COVID-19 or Pulmonary Contusion? A Diagnostic Dilemma.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Sefidbakht, S", "Iranpour, P"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405234", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386442, "pmcid": "PMC7272981", "title": "Localized mid-face miliaria as a consequence of filtering face piece respirator use during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Campbell, V", "Middleton, D", "Donnelly, J", "Hunter, H"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490519, "title": "Racial disparities in knowledge, attitudes and practices related to COVID-19 in the USA.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Alobuia, Wilson M", "Dalva-Baird, Nathan P", "Forrester, Joseph D", "Bendavid, Eran", "Bhattacharya, Jay", "Kebebew, Electron"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490519", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent reports indicate racial disparities in the rates of infection and mortality from the 2019 novel coronavirus (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]). The aim of this study was to determine whether disparities exist in the levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) related to COVID-19. We analyzed data from 1216 adults in the March 2020 Kaiser Family Foundation 'Coronavirus Poll', to determine levels of KAPs across different groups. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to identify predictors of KAPs. In contrast to White respondents, Non-White respondents were more likely to have low knowledge (58% versus 30%; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and low attitude scores (52% versus 27%; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), but high practice scores (81% versus 59%; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). By multivariate regression, White race (odds ratio [OR] 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70-5.50), higher level of education (OR 1.80; 95% CI: 1.46-2.23) and higher income (OR 2.06; 95% CI: 1.58-2.70) were associated with high knowledge of COVID-19. Race, sex, education, income, health insurance status and political views were all associated with KAPs. Racial and socioeconomic disparity exists in the levels of KAPs related to COVID-19. More work is needed to identify educational tools that tailor to specific racial and socioeconomic groups."}, {"pmid": 32229706, "pmcid": "PMC7202514", "title": "COVID-19 and chronological aging: senolytics and other anti-aging drugs for the treatment or prevention of corona virus infection?", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Sargiacomo, Camillo", "Sotgia, Federica", "Lisanti, Michael P"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229706", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, also known as SARS-CoV-2, is a new emerging zoonotic corona virus of the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and the MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) family. COVID-19 originated in China and spread world-wide, resulting in the pandemic of 2020. For some reason, COVID-19 shows a considerably higher mortality rate in patients with advanced chronological age. This begs the question as to whether there is a functional association between COVID-19 infection and the process of chronological aging. Two host receptors have been proposed for COVID-19. One is CD26 and the other is ACE-2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2). Interestingly, both CD26 and the angiotensin system show associations with senescence. Similarly, two proposed therapeutics for the treatment of COVID-19 infection are Azithromycin and Quercetin, both drugs with significant senolytic activity. Also, Chloroquine-related compounds inhibit the induction of the well-known senescence marker, Beta-galactosidase. Other anti-aging drugs should also be considered, such as Rapamycin and Doxycycline, as they behave as inhibitors of protein synthesis, blocking both SASP and viral replication. Therefore, we wish to speculate that the fight against COVID-19 disease should involve testing the hypothesis that senolytics and other anti-aging drugs may have a prominent role in preventing the transmission of the virus, as well as aid in its treatment. Thus, we propose that new clinical trials may be warranted, as several senolytic and anti-aging therapeutics are existing FDA-approved drugs, with excellent safety profiles, and would be readily available for drug repurposing efforts. As Azithromycin and Doxycycline are both commonly used antibiotics that inhibit viral replication and IL-6 production, we may want to consider this general class of antibiotics that functionally inhibits cellular protein synthesis as a side-effect, for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32446978, "pmcid": "PMC7242199", "title": "30-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first wave of the Italian epidemic: A prospective cohort study.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Giacomelli, Andrea", "Ridolfo, Anna Lisa", "Milazzo, Laura", "Oreni, Letizia", "Bernacchia, Dario", "Siano, Matteo", "Bonazzetti, Cecilia", "Covizzi, Alice", "Schiuma, Marco", "Passerini, Matteo", "Piscaglia, Marco", "Coen, Massimo", "Gubertini, Guido", "Rizzardini, Giuliano", "Cogliati, Chiara", "Brambilla, Anna Maria", "Colombo, Riccardo", "Castelli, Antonio", "Rech, Roberto", "Riva, Agostino", "Torre, Alessandro", "Meroni, Luca", "Rusconi, Stefano", "Antinori, Spinello", "Galli, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446978", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy was the first European country hit by the COVID-19 pandemic and has the highest number of recorded COVID-19 deaths in Europe. This prospective cohort study of the correlates of the risk of death in COVID-19 patients was conducted at the Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care units of Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy. The clinical characteristics of all the COVID-19 patients hospitalised in the early days of the epidemic (21 February -19 March 2020) were recorded upon admission, and the time-dependent probability of death was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method (censored as of 20 April 2020). Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the factors independently associated with the risk of death. Forty-eight (20.6 %) of the 233 patients followed up for a median of 40 days (interquartile range 33-47) died during the follow-up. Most were males (69.1 %) and their median age was 61 years (IQR 50-72). The time-dependent probability of death was 19.7 % (95 % CI 14.6-24.9 %) 30 days after hospital admission. Age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.08, 95 % CI 1.48-2.92 per ten years more) and obesity (aHR 3.04, 95 % CI 1.42-6.49) were independently associated with an increased risk of death, which was also associated with critical disease (aHR 8.26, 95 % CI 1.41-48.29), C-reactive protein levels (aHR 1.17, 95 % CI 1.02-1.35 per 50\u2009mg/L more) and creatinine kinase levels above 185 U/L (aHR 2.58, 95 % CI 1.37-4.87) upon admission. Case-fatality rate of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the early days of the Italian epidemic was about 20 %. Our study adds evidence to the notion that older age, obesity and more advanced illness are factors associated to an increased risk of death among patients hospitalized with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32379342, "pmcid": "PMC7267272", "title": "Clearing the air: an accessible system for suction and safe evacuation of pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Yeo, D", "Kaushal, S", "Ahmed, S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379342", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312736, "title": "Covid-19: We need to be open about rationing ventilators.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mawer, Caroline"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312736", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438836, "title": "Survival After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest In Critically Ill Patients: Implications For Covid-19 Outbreak?", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Girotra, Saket", "Tang, Yuanyuan", "Chan, Paul S", "Nallamothu, Brahmajee K"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438836", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is placing a considerable strain on U.S. healthcare systems by requiring both significant acute resources and endangering healthcare team members through airborne infection. Many U.S. healthcare systems are now considering how to treat COVID-19 patients who suffer cardiac arrest based on a presumption of poor survival after resuscitation in COVID-19 patients. However, empiric data on cardiac arrest survival in COVID-19 from the United States are not available at the moment. To inform this debate, we report survival data following cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a cohort of critically ill patients with pneumonia or sepsis who were receiving mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU) at the time of arrest."}, {"pmid": 32489654, "pmcid": "PMC7242007", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and the Liver: Considerations in Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Infections.", "journal": "Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken)", "authors": ["Reddy, K Rajender"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489654", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412402, "pmcid": "PMC7264446", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Afghanistan: Measures and challenges.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mousavi, Sayed Hamid", "Abdi, Milad", "Zahid, Shafi Ullah", "Wardak, Kalimullah"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412402", "countries": ["Afghanistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297469, "pmcid": "PMC7262356", "title": "Reflections and new developments within the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Patel, Zara M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297469", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407971, "pmcid": "PMC7214310", "title": "Keeping on the High Quality of Health Care in Greek Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients in the SARS-CoV-2 Era.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Foteinogiannopoulou, Kalliopi", "Orfanoudaki, Eleni", "Koutroubakis, Ioannis E"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407971", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317716, "pmcid": "PMC7187142", "title": "The potential danger of suboptimal antibody responses in COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Iwasaki, Akiko", "Yang, Yexin"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317716", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515369, "title": "COVID-19: What have we learnt, and plan for the future.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Pankajakshan, Aswin", "Prasannan, Athira", "Chaudhary, Sandeep"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515369", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread like wildfire and affected almost every stratum of society. It has brought humans together and taught us to have compassion and collaboration among individuals, governments and organisations. Adequate protection of healthcare workers who are at the frontline must be taken care of. Good hygiene and social distancing go a long way in controlling an epidemic. We must strive towards building more balanced and sustainable models and healthcare systems in the future as we try to successfully emerge from this outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32507122, "title": "Feedback to Prepare EMS Teams to Manage Infected Patients with COVID-19: A Case Series.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Ghazali, Daniel Aiham", "Ouersighni, Amina", "Gay, Matthieu", "Audebault, Virginie", "Pavlovsky, Thomas", "Casalino, Enrique"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507122", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a new respiratory disease, is spreading globally. In France, Emergency Medical Service (EMS) teams are mobile medicalized resuscitation teams composed of emergency physician, nurse or anesthesiologist nurse, ambulance driver, and resident. Four types of clinical cases are presented here because they have led these EMS teams to change practices in their management of patients suspected of COVID-19 infection: cardiac arrest, hypoxia on an acute pneumonia, acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation with respiratory and hemodynamic disorders, and upper function disorders in a patient in a long-term care facility. The last case raised the question of COVID-19 cases with atypical forms in elderly subjects. Providers were contaminated during the management of these patients. These cases highlighted the need to review the way these EMS teams are responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, in view of heightening potential for early identification of suspicious cases, and of reinforcing the application of staff protection equipment to limit risk of contamination."}, {"pmid": 32389848, "pmcid": "PMC7204704", "title": "Comparison of mortality associated with respiratory viral infections between December 2019 and March 2020 with that of the previous year in Southeastern France.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Giraud-Gatineau, Audrey", "Colson, Philippe", "Jimeno, Marie-Therese", "Zandotti, Christine", "Ninove, Laetitia", "Boschi, Celine", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "La Scola, Bernard", "Chaudet, Herve", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389848", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory viruses are a major cause of mortality worldwide and in France, where they cause several thousands of deaths every year. University Hospital Institute-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection performs real-time surveillance of all diagnoses of infections and associated deaths in public hospitals in Marseille, Southeastern France. This study compared mortality associated with diagnoses of respiratory viruses during the colder months of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 (week 47-week 14). In 2018-2019, 73 patients (0.17% of 42,851 hospitalized patients) died after being diagnosed with a respiratory virus; 40 and 13 deaths occurred in patients diagnosed with influenza A virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), respectively. In 2019-2020, 50 patients (0.10% of 49,043 patients hospitalized) died after being diagnosed with a common respiratory virus; seven and seven deaths occurred in patients diagnosed with influenza A virus and RSV, respectively. Additionally, 55 patients died after being diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of respiratory virus-associated deaths among hospitalized patients was thus significantly lower for common respiratory viruses in 2019-2020 than in 2018-2019 (102 versus 170 per 100,000 hospitalized patients; p = 0.003), primarily as a consequence of a decrease in influenza A virus (-83%) and RSV (-46%)-associated deaths. Overall, the proportion of respiratory virus-associated deaths among hospitalized patients was higher, but not significantly, in 2019-2020 than in 2018-2019 (214 versus 170 per 100,000 hospitalized patients; p = 0.08, Yates-corrected Chi-square test). These findings put into perspective the death burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections in this geographical area."}, {"pmid": 32341103, "pmcid": "PMC7236830", "title": "Understanding the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-SARS-CoV-Axis: A Comprehensive Review.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Ingraham, Nicholas E", "Barakat, Abdo G", "Reilkoff, Ronald", "Bezdicek, Tamara", "Schacker, Timothy", "Chipman, Jeffrey G", "Tignanelli, Christopher J", "Puskarich, Michael A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341103", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been declared a global pandemic with significant morbidity and mortality since first appearing in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. As many countries are grappling with the onset of their epidemics, pharmacotherapeutics remain lacking. The window of opportunity to mitigate downstream morbidity and mortality is narrow but remains open. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is crucial to the homeostasis of both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 utilises and interrupts this pathway directly, which could be described as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-SARS-CoV-2-axis (RAAS-SCoV-axis). There exists significant controversy and confusion surrounding how anti-hypertensive agents might function along this pathway. This review explores the current state of knowledge regarding the RAAS-SCoV-axis, informed by prior studies of SARS-CoV, how this relates to our currently evolving pandemic, and how these insights might guide our next steps in an evidence-based manner. This review discusses the role of the RAAS-SCoV-axis in acute lung injury and the effects, risks, and benefits of pharmacologic modification of this axis. There may be an opportunity to leverage the different aspects of RAAS inhibitors to mitigate indirect viral-induced lung injury. Concerns have been raised that such modulation might exacerbate the disease. While relevant preclinical, experimental models to date favor a protective effect of RAAS-SCoV-axis inhibition on both lung injury and survival, clinical data related to the role of RAAS modulation in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 remains limited. Proposed interventions for SARS-CoV-2 predominantly focus on viral microbiology and aim to inhibit viral cellular injury. While these therapies are promising, immediate use may not be feasible, and the time window of their efficacy remains a major unanswered question. An alternative approach is the modulation of the specific downstream pathophysiologic effects caused by virus that lead to morbidity and mortality. We propose a preponderance of evidence that supports clinical equipoise regarding the efficacy of RAAS-based interventions, and the imminent need for a multisite randomised controlled clinical trial to evaluate the inhibition of the RAAS-SCoV-axis on acute lung injury in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32374384, "pmcid": "PMC7239111", "title": "Roles and challenges of primary care physicians facing a dual outbreak of COVID-19 and dengue in Singapore.", "journal": "Fam Pract", "authors": ["Lam, Lawrence T M", "Chua, Ying Xian", "Tan, David H Y"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374384", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32074444, "pmcid": "PMC7121626", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Zou, Lirong", "Ruan, Feng", "Huang, Mingxing", "Liang, Lijun", "Huang, Huitao", "Hong, Zhongsi", "Yu, Jianxiang", "Kang, Min", "Song, Yingchao", "Xia, Jinyu", "Guo, Qianfang", "Song, Tie", "He, Jianfeng", "Yen, Hui-Ling", "Peiris, Malik", "Wu, Jie"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32074444", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366510, "title": "Covid-19: collateral damage of lockdown in India.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366510", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219888, "title": "Medical education and care in dermatology during the SARS-CoV2 pandemia: challenges and chances.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Reinholz, M", "French, L E"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219888", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466816, "title": "COVID-19 Healthcare Delivery Impact on African Americans.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Chaturvedi, Rahul", "Gabriel, Rodney A"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466816", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531001, "title": "Challenges of pancreatic cancer chemotherapy in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Gastrointestin Liver Dis", "authors": ["Vidra, Radu", "Bodea, Raluca", "Mercea, Voicu", "Nemes, Adina"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531001", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480073, "pmcid": "PMC7251359", "title": "COVID-19-associated delayed posthypoxic necrotizing leukoencephalopathy.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Radmanesh, Alireza", "Derman, Anna", "Ishida, Koto"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480073", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482684, "title": "Managing individual and population risk from covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bradley, Stephen H", "Kirby, Elizabeth", "Wheatstone, Pete"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482684", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203350, "title": "Coronavirus fears cancel world's biggest physics meeting.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Castelvecchi, Davide"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203350", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196083, "pmcid": "PMC7184499", "title": "COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Zhou, Dan", "Dai, Sheng-Ming", "Tong, Qiang"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196083", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, has swept across 31 provinces in China and over 40 countries worldwide. The transition from first symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is highly likely to be due to uncontrolled cytokine release. There is an urgent need to identify safe and effective drugs for treatment. Chloroquine (CQ) exhibits a promising inhibitory effect. However, the clinical use of CQ can cause severe side effects. We propose that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which exhibits an antiviral effect highly similar to that of CQ, could serve as a better therapeutic approach. HCQ is likely to attenuate the severe progression of COVID-19, inhibiting the cytokine storm by suppressing T cell activation. It has a safer clinical profile and is suitable for those who are pregnant. It is cheaper and more readily available in China. We herein strongly urge that clinical trials are performed to assess the preventive effects of HCQ in both disease infection and progression."}, {"pmid": 32298803, "pmcid": "PMC7152874", "title": "Are we facing a crashing wave of neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19? Neuropsychiatric symptoms and potential immunologic mechanisms.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Troyer, Emily A", "Kohn, Jordan N", "Hong, Suzi"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298803", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is a significant psychological stressor in addition to its tremendous impact on every facet of individuals' lives and organizations in virtually all social and economic sectors worldwide. Fear of illness and uncertainty about the future precipitate anxiety- and stress-related disorders, and several groups have rightfully called for the creation and dissemination of robust mental health screening and treatment programs for the general public and front-line healthcare workers. However, in addition to pandemic-associated psychological distress, the direct effects of the virus itself (several acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2), and the subsequent host immunologic response, on the human central nervous system (CNS) and related outcomes are unknown. We discuss currently available evidence of COVID-19 related neuropsychiatric sequelae while drawing parallels to past viral pandemic-related outcomes. Past pandemics have demonstrated that diverse types of neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as encephalopathy, mood changes, psychosis, neuromuscular dysfunction, or demyelinating processes, may accompany acute viral infection, or may follow infection by weeks, months, or longer in recovered patients. The potential mechanisms are also discussed, including viral and immunological underpinnings. Therefore, prospective neuropsychiatric monitoring of individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 at various points in the life course, as well as their neuroimmune status, are needed to fully understand the long-term impact of COVID-19, and to establish a framework for integrating psychoneuroimmunology into epidemiologic studies of pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32392643, "title": "Management of Traumatic Spinal Fracture in Patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Asian Spine J", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404496, "title": "COVID-19 and remote consulting strategies in managing trauma and orthopaedics.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Iyengar, Karthikeyan", "Vaish, Abhishek", "Toh, Eugene", "Vaishya, Raju"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404496", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388934, "title": "[Scenario-based study of medical resource requirement rapid assessment under the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, T", "Wu, H T", "Wang, L H", "Yang, W Z"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388934", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: COVID-19 outbreak is still under global pandemic. China is facing the risks of importation and local rebound of COVID-19. Under the circumstances, preparations for medical resources are in urgently needed. Methods: Based on current understanding of the disease, we set up five scenarios and use the infectious disease transmission dynamic and pandemic theoretical static models to evaluate the demand for medical resources. Results: Different epidemic strength and strategies of disease control and prevention resulted in different levels of medical resource request, and active control strategy and effective measures could significantly decrease the requirement. During the epidemic rising phase, the cost of prevention and control measures and the requirement of professional response capacities would increase with potential high risk of medical resource demand sharply increasing. Conclusion: Regions with different economic level, population scale, and different prevention and control capabilities should all initiate scientific assessment of medical resource requirement under emergency response and prepare for possible future rebound and epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32455514, "title": "[Risk assessment of global COVID-19 imported cases into China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Shen, S P", "Wei, Y Y", "Zhao, Y", "Jiang, Y", "Guan, J X", "Chen, F"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455514", "countries": ["France", "Singapore", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom", "Russian Federation", "United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To assess the risk of COVID-19 foreign imports cases to China. Methods: We collected epidemic data (cumulative daily confirmed cases in each country, cumulative confirmed imported cases), demographic data (population density, population) and information on potential source groups of tourists (the daily estimated number of overseas Chinese, overseas Chinese students, overseas workers, foreign students coming to China and flight passengers) and the global health security index (GHS) to assess and predict risk of imported cases for recent (February 1st to April 25th) and future (after April 26th). Results: Strong positive correlation was found among variables including the number of imported cases, cumulative confirmed cases, attack rate, number of overseas Chinese, number of overseas Chinese students, number of foreign students coming to China, number of flight passengers and GHS. In the recent risk analysis, imported cases of Russian were the highest, followed by United Kingdom, United States, France and Spain. In the future risk prediction, 44 countries including United States and Singapore are evaluated as potential high-risk countries in the future through the attack rate index of each country and the estimated average number of daily passengers. Conclusion: The risk assessment of COVID-19 imported cases can be used to identify high-risk areas in recent and future, and might be helpful to strengthen the prevention and control of the epidemic and ultimately overcome the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32473501, "pmcid": "PMC7242931", "title": "Respirators used by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 outbreak increase end-tidal carbon dioxide and fractional inspired carbon dioxide pressure.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Ozdemir, Levent", "Azizoglu, Mustafa", "Yapici, Davud"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473501", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425299, "pmcid": "PMC7233222", "title": "Prolonged viral persistence in COVID-19 second trimester pregnant patient.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Panichaya, Punika", "Thaweerat, Wajana", "Uthaisan, Juthaporn"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425299", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458019, "pmcid": "PMC7250252", "title": "The Decreasing Incidence of Acute Appendicitis During COVID-19: A Retrospective Multi-centre Study.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Tankel, James", "Keinan, Aner", "Blich, Ori", "Koussa, Michael", "Helou, Brigitte", "Shay, Shahaf", "Zugayar, Diaa", "Pikarsky, Alon", "Mazeh, Haggi", "Spira, Ram", "Reissman, Petachia"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458019", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) spreads, a decrease in the number of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) has been noted in our institutions. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and severity of AA before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective cohort analysis was performed between December 2019 and April 2020 in the four high-volume centres that provide health care to the municipality of Jerusalem, Israel. Two groups were created. Group A consisted of patients who presented in the 7\u00a0weeks prior to COVID-19 first being diagnosed, whilst those in the 7\u00a0weeks after were allocated to Group B. A comparison was performed between the clinicopathological features of the patients in each group as was the changing incidence of AA. A total of 378 patients were identified, 237 in Group A and 141 in Group B (62.7% vs. 37.3%). Following the onset of COVID-19, the\u00a0weekly incidence of AA decreased by\u00a040.7% (p\u2009=\u20090.02). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of\u00a0the length of preoperative symptoms or surgery, need for postoperative peritoneal drainage or the distribution of complicated versus uncomplicated appendicitis. The significant decrease in the number of patients admitted with AA during the onset of COVID-19 possibly represents successful resolution of mild appendicitis treated symptomatically by patients at home. Further research is needed to corroborate this assumption and identify those patients who may benefit from this treatment pathway."}, {"pmid": 32234724, "pmcid": "PMC7162441", "title": "Lung ultrasound findings in a 64-year-old woman with COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Thomas, Adam", "Haljan, Greg", "Mitra, Anish"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234724", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444382, "pmcid": "PMC7244896", "title": "Antiviral Efficacies of FDA-Approved Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Ferrets.", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Park, Su-Jin", "Yu, Kwang-Min", "Kim, Young-Il", "Kim, Se-Mi", "Kim, Eun-Ha", "Kim, Seong-Gyu", "Kim, Eun Ji", "Casel, Mark Anthony B", "Rollon, Rare", "Jang, Seung-Gyu", "Lee, Min-Hyeok", "Chang, Jae-Hyung", "Song, Min-Suk", "Jeong, Hye Won", "Choi, Younho", "Chen, Weiqiang", "Shin, Woo-Jin", "Jung, Jae U", "Choi, Young Ki"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444382", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the urgent need of a therapeutic treatment for coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, a number of FDA-approved/repurposed drugs have been suggested as antiviral candidates at clinics, without sufficient information. Furthermore, there have been extensive debates over antiviral candidates for their effectiveness and safety against severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2), suggesting that rapid preclinical animal studies are required to identify potential antiviral candidates for human trials. To this end, the antiviral efficacies of lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and emtricitabine-tenofovir for SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed in the ferret infection model. While the lopinavir-ritonavir-, hydroxychloroquine sulfate-, or emtricitabine-tenofovir-treated group exhibited lower overall clinical scores than the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated control group, the virus titers in nasal washes, stool specimens, and respiratory tissues were similar between all three antiviral-candidate-treated groups and the PBS-treated control group. Only the emtricitabine-tenofovir-treated group showed lower virus titers in nasal washes at 8\u2009days postinfection (dpi) than the PBS-treated control group. To further explore the effect of immune suppression on viral infection and clinical outcome, ferrets were treated with azathioprine, an immunosuppressive drug. Compared to the PBS-treated control group, azathioprine-immunosuppressed ferrets exhibited a longer period of clinical illness, higher virus titers in nasal turbinate, delayed virus clearance, and significantly lower serum neutralization (SN) antibody titers. Taken together, all antiviral drugs tested marginally reduced the overall clinical scores of infected ferrets but did not significantly affect in vivo virus titers. Despite the potential discrepancy of drug efficacies between animals and humans, these preclinical ferret data should be highly informative to future therapeutic treatment of COVID-19 patients.IMPORTANCE The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to spread worldwide, with rapidly increasing numbers of mortalities, placing increasing strain on health care systems. Despite serious public health concerns, no effective vaccines or therapeutics have been approved by regulatory agencies. In this study, we tested the FDA-approved drugs lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and emtricitabine-tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 infection in a highly susceptible ferret infection model. While most of the drug treatments marginally reduced clinical symptoms, they did not reduce virus titers, with the exception of emtricitabine-tenofovir treatment, which led to diminished virus titers in nasal washes at 8\u2009dpi. Further, the azathioprine-treated immunosuppressed ferrets showed delayed virus clearance and low SN titers, resulting in a prolonged infection. As several FDA-approved or repurposed drugs are being tested as antiviral candidates at clinics without sufficient information, rapid preclinical animal studies should proceed to identify therapeutic drug candidates with strong antiviral potential and high safety prior to a human efficacy trial."}, {"pmid": 32412176, "pmcid": "PMC7273075", "title": "Proposed Workflow for Rehabilitation in a Field Hospital Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "PM R", "authors": ["Smith, Sean R", "Jenq, Grace", "Claflin, Ted", "Magnant, Chris", "Haig, Andrew J", "Hurvitz, Edward"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412176", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged healthcare facilities throughout the world. In many regions, the need for acute inpatient healthcare services has exceeded the capacity of hospital systems, and field hospitals are being utilized as one part of the response strategy. Given the urgency and novelty of this pandemic, healthcare systems are attempting to rapidly execute plans for field hospitals, and rehabilitative care in this environment merits particular consideration given the potential impacts of mobilization and rehabilitative therapies on morbidity, mortality, duration of ventilation, and lengths of ICU/hospital stay. In order to address this need, a model for rehabilitation in field hospitals is presented here. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32490915, "title": "The future at the kitchen table: COVID-19 and the food supply.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Silva Filho, Olivio Jose da", "Gomes Junior, Newton Narciso"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490915", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301757, "title": "Interpretations of \"Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7)\".", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Zhao, Jing-Ya", "Yan, Jia-Yang", "Qu, Jie-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301757", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245395, "pmcid": "PMC7125053", "title": "Primary stratification and identification of suspected Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from clinical perspective by a simple scoring proposal.", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Zhou, Ting-Ting", "Wei, Feng-Xian"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245395", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this Commentary, we would like to comment on the article titled \"A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)\" as a featured article in Military Medical Research. In the guideline, except for \"confirmed cases\", \"suspected cases\", \"close contact\" and \"suspicious exposure\" were defined by clinical perspective based on epidemiological risk, clinical symptoms and auxiliary examination. Combined with our experience, we introduced a simple scoring proposal additionally based on not only CT imaging as strongly recommended by the guideline but also blood routine test, especially for primary screening of such patients in the out-patient department."}, {"pmid": 32271511, "title": "Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int Braz J Urol", "authors": ["Sampaio, Francisco J B"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271511", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490524, "title": "COVID-19 versus the 1918 influenza pandemic: different virus, different age mortality patterns.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Shanks, G Dennis"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490524", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425324, "pmcid": "PMC7228731", "title": "In Memoriam: Physicians Who Have Died of COVID-19 in the United States.", "journal": "Clin Dermatol", "authors": ["Hoenig, Leonard J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425324", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363726, "pmcid": "PMC7264879", "title": "The Novel Coronavirus - Latest Findings.", "journal": "Microb Biotechnol", "authors": ["Brussow, Harald"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363726", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "What was initially a lung infection epidemic in the metropolitan area of Wuhan followed by a now contained extension to mainland China has now spread to all continents as a major pandemic with current hotspots in Europe and the USA. This minireview is an update of an earlier report on this novel coronavirus infection (Br\u00fcssow, 2020, Microb Biotech 13, 607). I am now summarizing the research literature published between end of February to mid-April 2020."}, {"pmid": 32520309, "title": "Pregnancy and Pandemic Disease.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Beckerman, Karen Palmore"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520309", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512688, "title": "A Cohort of Patients with COVID-19 in a Major Teaching Hospital in Europe.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Borobia, Alberto M", "Carcas, Antonio J", "Arnalich, Francisco", "Alvarez-Sala, Rodolfo", "Monserrat-Villatoro, Jaime", "Quintana, Manuel", "Figueira, Juan Carlos", "Torres Santos-Olmo, Rosario M", "Garcia-Rodriguez, Julio", "Martin-Vega, Alberto", "Buno, Antonio", "Ramirez, Elena", "Martinez-Ales, Gonzalo", "Garcia-Arenzana, Nicolas", "Nunez, M Concepcion", "Marti-de-Gracia, Milagros", "Moreno Ramos, Francisco", "Reinoso-Barbero, Francisco", "Martin-Quiros, Alejandro", "Rivera Nunez, Angelica", "Mingorance, Jesus", "Carpio Segura, Carlos J", "Prieto Arribas, Daniel", "Rey Cuevas, Esther", "Prados Sanchez, Concepcion", "Rios, Juan J", "Hernan, Miguel A", "Frias, Jesus", "Arribas, Jose R", "On Behalf Of The Covid Hulp Working Group"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512688", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the confirmation of the first patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Spain in January 2020, the epidemic has grown rapidly, with the greatest impact on the region of Madrid. This article describes the first 2226 adult patients with COVID-19, consecutively admitted to La Paz University Hospital in Madrid. Our cohort included all patients consecutively hospitalized who had a final outcome (death or discharge) in a 1286-bed hospital of Madrid (Spain) from 25 February (first case admitted) to 19 April 2020. The data were manually entered into an electronic case report form, which was monitored prior to the analysis. We consecutively included 2226 adult patients admitted to the hospital who either died (460) or were discharged (1766). The patients' median age was 61 years, and 51.8% were women. The most common comorbidity was arterial hypertension (41.3%), and the most common symptom on admission was fever (71.2%). The median time from disease onset to hospital admission was 6 days. The overall mortality was 20.7% and was higher in men (26.6% vs. 15.1%). Seventy-five patients with a final outcome were transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) (3.4%). Most patients admitted to the ICU were men, and the median age was 64 years. Baseline laboratory values on admission were consistent with an impaired immune-inflammatory profile. We provide a description of the first large cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Europe. Advanced age, male sex, the presence of comorbidities and abnormal laboratory values were more common among the patients with fatal outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32519753, "title": "The potential of cannabidiol in the COVID-19 pandemic: a hypothesis letter.", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Esposito, Giuseppe", "Pesce, Marcella", "Seguella, Luisa", "Sanseverino, Walter", "Lu, Jie", "Corpetti, Chiara", "Sarnelli, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519753", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Identifying candidate drugs effective in the new coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is crucial, pending a vaccine against SARS-CoV2. We suggest the hypothesis that Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid, has the potential to limit the severity and progression of the disease for several reasons: 1) High-CBD Cannabis Sativa extracts are able to downregulate the expression of the two key receptors for SARS-CoV2 in several models of human epithelia 2) CBD exerts a wide range of immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and it can mitigate the uncontrolled cytokine production featuring Acute Lung Injury 3) Being a PPAR\u03b3 agonist, it can display a direct antiviral activity 4) PPAR\u03b3 agonists are regulators of fibroblast/myofibroblast activation and can inhibit the development of pulmonary fibrosis, thus ameliorating lung function in recovered patients. We hope our hypothesis, corroborated by several preclinical evidence, will inspire further targeted studies to test CBD as a support drug against the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32316618, "pmcid": "PMC7238102", "title": "Novel Coronavirus: Current Understanding of Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Treatment Options.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Mungroo, Mohammad Ridwane", "Khan, Naveed Ahmed", "Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316618", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in devastating consequences worldwide and infected more than 350,000 individuals and killed more than 16,000 people. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the coronavirus family to affect humans. Symptoms of COVID-19 include fever (88%), cough (68%), vomiting (5%) and diarrhoea (3.7%), and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is thought to occur from human to human via respiratory secretions released by the infected individuals when coughing and sneezing. COVID-19 can be detected through computed tomography scans and confirmed through molecular diagnostics tools such as polymerase chain reaction. Currently, there are no effective treatments against SARS-CoV-2, hence antiviral drugs have been used to reduce the development of respiratory complications by reducing viral load. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on the pathogenesis, clinical aspects, diagnosis, challenges and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32339089, "title": "Issues on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pathogenesis.", "journal": "Viral Immunol", "authors": ["Silva Junior, Jose Valter Joaquim", "Lopes, Thaisa Regina Rocha", "de Oliveira, Pablo Sebastian Britto", "Weiblen, Rudi", "Flores, Eduardo Furtado"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339089", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378722, "pmcid": "PMC7239266", "title": "Making the best use of test kits for COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Weinberg, Clarice R"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378722", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389162, "pmcid": "PMC7253764", "title": "To relax restrictions: Are communities ready to deal with repeated epidemic waves of COVID-19?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wang, Jiancong", "Lee, Yew Fong", "Liu, Fangfei", "Zhou, Mouqing"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389162", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298412, "pmcid": "PMC7179996", "title": "Estimating the Maximum Capacity of COVID-19 Cases Manageable per Day Given a Health Care System's Constrained Resources.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Giannakeas, Vasily", "Bhatia, Deepit", "Warkentin, Matthew T", "Bogoch, Isaac I", "Stall, Nathan M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298412", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424616, "pmcid": "PMC7234447", "title": "A special symptom of olfactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019: report of three cases.", "journal": "J Neurovirol", "authors": ["Chen, Chen", "Chen, Moxian", "Cheng, Cong", "Chi, Yun", "Hu, Zhiliang", "Liu, Yuan", "Huang, Shan", "Lv, Yanling", "Liang, Chongfeng", "Jiao, Damin", "Yi, Yongxiang", "Zhang, Xia", "Sun, Wenkui", "Wei, Hongxia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424616", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Three patients of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) showed the symptoms of olfactory dysfunction. Clinical characteristics and treatment were retrospective analyzed. Olfactory disorders are uncommon symptoms of COVID-19 in China. Early diagnosis and intervention are keys to the recovery of olfactory disorders. Particular attention should be devoted to olfactory dysfunction."}, {"pmid": 32311437, "pmcid": "PMC7165102", "title": "Detection and analysis of nucleic acid in various biological samples of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wu, Jianguo", "Liu, Jiasheng", "Li, Shijun", "Peng, Zhiyang", "Xiao, Zhe", "Wang, Xufeng", "Yan, Ruicheng", "Luo, Jianfei"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311437", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) is a kind of acute severe pneumonia caused by 2019-nCoV (2019-nCoV) infection. Since December 2019, it has been found in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and then spread to the whole country. Some parts of the world also showed an outbreak trend [1-3]. Real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR) and viral gene sequencing are the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19. At present, upper respiratory tract nasopharyngeal swabs are mostly used as nucleic acid detection samples in China, but the positive rate is low. However, there are few reports on clinical application of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection in other biological samples. METHODS: | The East Section of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University is a designated COVID-19 hospital in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. This observation study included 132 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the infectious disease areas of the East Section of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from 2020.1.31 to 2020.2.29. COVID-19 diagnostic criteria: according to China's \u27eapneumonia diagnosis and treatment Program of novel coronavirus infection (trial version 7) \u27eb, in accordance with the relevant epidemiological and clinical manifestations, nasopharyngeal swabs real-time fluorescence RT-PCR detection of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive, COVID-19 cases were divided into mild, ordinary, severe and severe [1]. The nasopharyngeal swabs of 132 cases of COVID-19 were positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid on admission, including 72 males and 60 females, with an average age of 66.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.1 years, including 80 cases of common type, 44 cases of severe type and 8 cases of critical type. During the period of admission, under the condition of tertiary protection, nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum, blood, feces and anal swabs of COVID-19 cases were collected many times in the isolation ward for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection. All biological samples are sealed and transferred to the laboratory in strict accordance with the standard process. The RT-PCR test kits (BioGerm) were recommended by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The same technician and brand of test kit was used for all RT-PCR testing reported; both internal controls and negative controls were routinely performed with each batch of tests. RESULTS: | 132 the results of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test of various biological samples during the treatment of confirmed COVID-19 cases are as follows: the positive rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test of nasopharyngeal swab is 38.13% (180/472 times), the positive rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test of sputum is 48.68% (148/304 times), the positive rate of blood 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test is 3.03% (4/132 times), and the positive rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test of feces is 9.83% (24/244 times). The positive rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection in anal swabs is 10.00% (12/120 times). DISCUSSION|: In this study, it was found that the positive rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in sputum of 132 patients with COVID-19 was higher than that of nasopharyngeal swabs, and viral nucleic acids were also detected in blood and digestive tract (fecal/anal swabs). Simple detection of nasopharyngeal swab 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection positive rate is not high, multi-sample 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection can improve the accuracy, reduce the false negative rate, better guide clinical treatment and evaluate the therapeutic effect."}, {"pmid": 32324727, "title": "Management of the corpse with suspect, probable or confirmed COVID-19 respiratory infection - Italian interim recommendations for personnel potentially exposed to material from corpses, including body fluids, in morgue structures and during autopsy practice.", "journal": "Pathologica", "authors": ["Fineschi, Vittorio", "Aprile, Anna", "Aquila, Isabella", "Arcangeli, Mauro", "Asmundo, Alessio", "Bacci, Mauro", "Cingolani, Mariano", "Cipolloni, Luigi", "D'Errico, Stefano", "De Casamassimi, Ilaria", "Di Mizio, Giulio", "Di Paolo, Marco", "Focardi, Martina", "Frati, Paola", "Gabbrielli, Mario", "La Russa, Raffaele", "Maiese, Aniello", "Manetti, Federico", "Martelloni, Massimo", "Mazzeo, Elena", "Montana, Angelo", "Neri, Margherita", "Padovano, Martina", "Pinchi, Vilma", "Pomara, Cristoforo", "Ricci, Pietrantonio", "Salerno, Monica", "Santurro, Alessandro", "Scopetti, Matteo", "Testi, Roberto", "Turillazzi, Emanuela", "Vacchiano, Giuseppe", "Crivelli, Filippo", "Bonoldi, Emanuela", "Facchetti, Fabio", "Nebuloni, Manuela", "Sapino, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324727", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362344, "pmcid": "PMC7183954", "title": "Association Between Clinical Manifestations and Prognosis in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Ther", "authors": ["Yu, Tao", "Cai, Shaohang", "Zheng, Zhidan", "Cai, Xuejuan", "Liu, Yuanyuan", "Yin, Sichun", "Peng, Jie", "Xu, Xuwen"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362344", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and clinical outcome among patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This was a cross-sectional multicenter clinical study. A total of 95 patients infected with COVID-19 were enrolled. The COVID-19 diagnostic standard was polymerase chain reaction detection of target genes of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic results, as well as treatment outcome data, were obtained. ARDS was defined as an oxygenation index (arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen) \u2264300\u00a0mm Hg. Multivariate analysis showed that older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.078; p\u00a0=\u00a00.008) and high body mass index (OR, 1.327; p\u00a0=\u00a00.024) were independent risk factors associated with patients with pneumonia. For patients with ARDS, multivariate analysis showed that only high systolic blood pressure (OR, 1.046; p\u00a0=\u00a00.025) and high lactate dehydrogenase level (OR, 1.010; p\u00a0=\u00a00.021) were independent risk factors associated with ARDS. A total of 70 patients underwent CT imaging repeatedly after treatment. Patients were divided in a disease exacerbation group (n\u00a0=\u00a019) and a disease relief group (n\u00a0=\u00a051). High body mass index (OR, 1.285; p\u00a0=\u00a00.017) and tobacco smoking (OR, 16.13; p\u00a0=\u00a00.032) were independent risk factors associated with disease exacerbation after treatment. These study results help in the risk stratification of patients with 2019-nCoV infection. Patients with risk factors should be given timely intervention to avoid disease progression."}, {"pmid": 32496210, "title": "Combination antiviral therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol and interferon-alpha1b for COVID-19.", "journal": "Antivir Ther", "authors": ["Xie, Xiangyang", "Jiang, Yuanliang", "Zeng, Yuan", "Liu, Hui"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496210", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, China, no standard therapy guideline has been set despite the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its high infectivity. The globally pandemic outbreak suggests that COVID-19 was highly infectious and difficult to control. A dual-combination of ribavirin and interferon-\u03b1 has been the widely used regimen for the treatment of this disease in China. However, due to the varying results of treatment with these drugs, a novel antiviral combination therapy is urgently needed. This case reports the usage of lopinavir/ritonavir-based combination antiviral regimen for a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32502370, "title": "Challenges faced by patients with morphea in the era of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Shahidi Dadras, Mohammad", "Namazi, Nastaran", "Nikvar, Mohammad", "Abdollahimajd, Fahimeh"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502370", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268643, "title": "[The network investigation on knowledge, attitude and practice about COVID-19 of the residents in Anhui Province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Y", "Jin, Y L", "Zhu, L J", "Fang, Z M", "Wu, N", "Du, M X", "Jiang, M M", "Wang, J", "Yao, Y S"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268643", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze the current situation of the knowledge, attitudes and practice about COVID-19 of the residents in Anhui Province. Methods: Anonymous network sampling survey was carried out with an electronic questionnaire that designed by the questionnaire star, and a total of 4 016 subjects from Anhui province were investigated. The content of the survey includes that the basic information of subjects,the residents' knowledge, attitudes and practice about COVID-19, as well as their satisfaction with the prevention and control measures adopted by the government and health authorities and the suggestions on future prevention. The questionnaire doesn't involve any privacy information, and all questions were mandatory to ensure the response rate. Results: The M (P(25), P(75)) age the 4 016 subjects was 21 (19, 24) years old, and the ranging from 7 to 80 years old. The number of males was 1 431 (35.6%). Social networking tools such as WeChat and QQ were the main sources of epidemic information for residents (97.8%, 3 929 respondents). Residents had higher awareness rate of cough (99.5%,n=3 997) and fever (96.0%, n=3 857) symptoms, the transmission by droplets (99.5%, n=3 995), aerosol transmission (81.1%, n=3 258), and contact transmission (92.3%, n=3 708), but lower awareness of symptoms os muscle pain or fatigue (62.7%, n=2 518). 92.6% of the subjects (n=3 720) think that the outbreak was scary. In terms of psychological behavior scores, the results showed that female (9.38\u00b14.81), the urban (9.37\u00b15.02) and the medical workers (10.79\u00b15.19) had a poorer mental health than the male (8.45\u00b15.00), the rural (8.71\u00b14.75) and the non-medical workers (the students: 8.85\u00b14.83; public institude workers: 9.02\u00b15.08; others: 8.97\u00b15.39) (P<0.05). 71.9% of the residents (n=2 887) were satisfied with the local epidemic control measures. The residents took various of the measures to prevent and control the epidemic. The ratio of residents that could achieve \"no gathering and less going out\" , \"wear masks when going out \" and \" do not go to crowded and closed places \" was up to 97.4% (n=3 913), 93.6% (n=3 758) and 91.5% (n=3 673) respectively. Conclusion: The residents in Anhui province have a good KAP about COVID-19, yet it is necessary to strengthen the community publicity, the mental health maintenance of residents and students' health education."}, {"pmid": 32521210, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 public health interventions on influenza incidence in Thailand.", "journal": "Pathog Glob Health", "authors": ["Suntronwong, Nungruthai", "Thongpan, Ilada", "Chuchaona, Watchaporn", "Budi Lestari, Fajar", "Vichaiwattana, Preeyaporn", "Yorsaeng, Ritthideach", "Pasittungkul, Sirapat", "Kitphati, Rungrueng", "Vongpunsawad, Sompong", "Poovorawan, Yong"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521210", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362678, "pmcid": "PMC7195021", "title": "Baculovirus transit through insect cell membranes: A mechanistic approach.", "journal": "Chem Eng Sci", "authors": ["Zhang, Youhong", "Enden, Giora", "Wei, Wei", "Zhou, Feng", "Chen, Jie", "Merchuk, Jose C"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362678", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Baculovirus systems are used for various purposes, but the kinetics of the infection process is not fully understood yet. We investigated the dynamics of virion movement from a medium toward the interior of insect cells and established a mechanistic model that shows an excellent fit to experimental results. It also makes possible a description of the viral dynamics on the cell surface. A novel measurement method was used to distinguish between infected cells that carry virions on their surfaces, cells that carry virions in their interior, and those carrying virions both inside and on their surface. The maximum number of virions carried by a cell: 55 viruses/cell, and the time required for viral internalization, 0.8 \n                        h\n                     , are reported. This information is particularly useful for assessing the infection efficacy and the required number of virions needed to infect a given cell population. Although our model specifically concerns the infection process of Sf9 insect cells by baculovirus, it describes general features of viral infection. Some of the model features may eventually be applicable in the studies towards palliation of the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32286694, "pmcid": "PMC7262029", "title": "Letter: Covid-19, and vitamin D. Authors' reply.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Tian, Yuan", "Rong, Long"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286694", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442581, "pmcid": "PMC7237184", "title": "Collateral damage: the impact on outcomes from cancer surgery of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Sud, Amit", "Jones, Michael", "Broggio, John", "Loveday, Chey", "Torr, Bethany", "Garrett, Alice", "Nicol, David L", "Jhanji, Shaman", "Boyce, Stephen A", "Gronthoud, Firza", "Ward, Phillip", "Handy, Jonathan M", "Yousaf, Nadia", "Larkin, James", "Suh, Yae-Eun", "Scott, Stephen", "Pharoah, Paul D P", "Swanton, Charles", "Abbosh, Christopher", "Williams, Matthew", "Lyratzopoulos, Georgios", "Houlston, Richard", "Turnbull, Clare"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442581", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cancer diagnostics and surgery have been disrupted by the response of healthcare services to the COVID-19 pandemic. Progression of cancers during delay will impact on patient long-term survival. We generated per-day hazard ratios of cancer progression from observational studies and applied these to age-specific, stage-specific cancer survival for England 2013-2017. We modelled per-patient delay of three months and six months and periods of disruption of one year and two years. Using healthcare resource costing, we contextualise attributable lives saved and life-years gained from cancer surgery to equivalent volumes of COVID-19 hospitalisations. Per year, 94,912 resections for major cancers result in 80,406 long-term survivors and 1,717,051 life years gained. Per-patient delay of three/six months would cause attributable death of 4,755/10,760 of these individuals with loss of 92,214/208,275 life-years. For cancer surgery, average life-years gained (LYGs) per patient are 18.1 under standard conditions and 17.1/15.9 with a delay of three/six months (an average loss of 0.97/2.19 LYG per patient). Taking into account units of healthcare resource (HCRU), surgery results on average per patient in 2.25 resource-adjusted life-years gained (RALYGs) under standard conditions and 2.12/1.97 RALYGs following delay of three/six months. For 94,912 hospital COVID-19 admissions, there are 482,022 LYGs requiring of 1,052,949 HCRUs. Hospitalisation of community-acquired COVID-19 patients yields on average per patient 5.08 LYG and 0.46 RALYGs. Modest delays in surgery for cancer incur significant impact on survival. Delay of three/six months in surgery for incident cancers would mitigate 19%/43% of life-years gained by hospitalisation of an equivalent volume of admissions for community-acquired COVID-19. This rises to 26%/59% when considering resource-adjusted life-years gained. To avoid a downstream public health crisis of avoidable cancer deaths, cancer diagnostic and surgical pathways must be maintained at normal throughput, with rapid attention to any backlog already accrued."}, {"pmid": 32379033, "pmcid": "PMC7205002", "title": "Controversies in Respiratory Protective Equipment Selection and Use During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Joyce C", "Cram, Peter", "Adisesh, Anil"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379033", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504106, "pmcid": "PMC7274071", "title": "[Increased risk of deep vein thrombosis in intensive care unit patients with CoViD-19 infections?-Preliminary data].", "journal": "Chirurg", "authors": ["Zerwes, Sebastian", "Hernandez Cancino, F", "Liebetrau, D", "Gosslau, Y", "Warm, T", "Markl, B", "Hyhlik-Durr, A"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504106", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in CoViD-19 patients in intensive care units (ICU) has so far been investigated in only a\u00a0few studies. Prospective comparative studies with non-CoViD-19 ICU patients are completely lacking. Evaluation of the incidence of DVT in ICU patients with CoViD-19 compared to non-CoViD-19 ICU patients who were treated in the University Hospital Augsburg during the same period. In addition, the aim was to investigate what type of anticoagulation was present in CoViD-19 patients at the time the DVT occurred and to what extent DVT is associated with increased mortality in this patient population. In this prospective single center study, which was conducted between 18 April 2020 and 30 April 2020, 20\u00a0SARS-CoV2 positive patients were compared with 20 non-CoVid-19 patients in the ICU with respect to the occurrence of DVT. For this purpose, demographic data, laboratory parameters, and clinical outcomes were recorded and evaluated. The rate of DVT in the investigated patient collective was markedly higher in patients with SARS-CoV2 (CoViD-19 patients 20% vs. non-CoViD-19 patients 5%). Both DVT and elevated D\u2011dimer levels were associated with increased mortality in the present study. We recommend the determination of D\u2011dimer levels and, in the case of elevated levels, the broad indication for compression sonography of the deep leg veins on admission of patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV2. In this way DVT in the setting of CoViD-19 can be recognized early and therapeutic anticoagulation can be started. All inpatient CoViD-19 patients should receive thrombosis prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin. Further studies on point of care methods (TEG\u00ae, ROTEM\u00ae) for the detection of hypercoagulability in SARS-CoV2 are necessary."}, {"pmid": 32490733, "title": "Interleukin 6 polymorphisms as an indicator of COVID-19 severity in humans.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Kirtipal, Nikhil", "Bharadwaj, Shiv"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490733", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202611, "title": "Social Media and Emergency Preparedness in Response to Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Merchant, Raina M", "Lurie, Nicole"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202611", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416629, "title": "Management of primary cutaneous lymphoma patients during COVID-19 pandemic: EORTC CLTF guidelines Maarten Vermeer.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Papadavid, Evangelia", "Scaribrick, Julia", "Ortiz Romero, Pablo", "Guaglino, Pietro", "Vermeer, Maarten", "Knobler, Robert", "Stadler, Rudolf", "Bagot, Martine"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416629", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During severe inflammatory coronavirus infectious disease (CoVID-19) pandemic and based on evidence on COVID-19 epidemiology, patients with primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs) have risk for developing complicated COVID-19 infections in consideration of their older age (majority above 60) and their potential underlying predisposing conditions (e.g. hypertension, diabetes).1,2,3 Moreover, PCL patients with aggressive biologic behavior should be carefully monitored according to guidelines for patients with neoplastic disease."}, {"pmid": 32405270, "pmcid": "PMC7219422", "title": "Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Is Comparable in Clinical Samples Preserved in Saline or Viral Transport Medium.", "journal": "J Mol Diagn", "authors": ["Radbel, Jared", "Jagpal, Sugeet", "Roy, Jason", "Brooks, Andrew", "Tischfield, Jay", "Sheldon, Michael", "Bixby, Christian", "Witt, Dana", "Gennaro, Maria L", "Horton, Daniel B", "Barrett, Emily S", "Carson, Jeffrey L", "Panettieri, Reynold A Jr", "Blaser, Martin J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405270", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic sweeps across the world, the availability of viral transport medium (VTM) has become severely limited, contributing to delays in diagnosis and rationing of diagnostic testing. Given that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA has demonstrated stability, we posited that phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) may be a viable transport medium, as an alternative to VTM, for clinical real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) testing. The intra-individual reliability and interindividual reliability of SARS-CoV-2 qPCR were assessed in clinical endotracheal secretion samples transported in VTM or PBS to evaluate the stability of the qPCR signal for three viral targets (N gene, ORF1ab, and S gene) when samples were stored in these media at room temperature for up to 18 hours. We report that the use of PBS as a transport medium allows high intra-individual and interindividual reliability, maintains viral stability, and compares with VTM in the detection of the three SARS-CoV-2 genes through 18 hours of storage. This study establishes PBS as a clinically useful medium that can be readily deployed for transporting and short-term preservation of specimens containing SARS-CoV-2. Use of PBS as a transport medium has the potential to increase testing capacity for SARS-CoV-2, aiding more widespread screening and early diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32313229, "pmcid": "PMC7169646", "title": "COVID-19 Q&A: Keeping a cancer core going.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Neff, Ellen P"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313229", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472591, "title": "COVID-19: Shedding light on racial and health inequities in the United States.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Baptiste, Diana-Lyn", "Commodore-Mensah, Yvonne", "Alexander, Kamila A", "Jacques, Keilah", "Wilson, Patty R", "Akomah, Janelle", "Sharps, Phyllis", "Cooper, Lisa A"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472591", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The sudden and rapid advancement of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an unanticipated and unprecedented global crisis. Since its emergence in the United States, there is increasing discussion surrounding the impact of the virus among vulnerable populations. Older adults, young children, and persons with chronic medical or mental health conditions, persons with disabilities, pregnant women, immunocompromised persons and those who are institutionalized or homeless are considered most vulnerable to death and lost quality of life (World Health Organization, 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32373463, "pmcid": "PMC7198410", "title": "Letter to the editor - Is it really COVID-19?", "journal": "HeartRhythm Case Rep", "authors": ["Betancor, Ivan Hernandez", "Orozco Garduno, Josue A", "Juarez Prera, Ruben A", "Ojeda, Francisco Bosa"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373463", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301302, "pmcid": "PMC7167407", "title": "COVID-19 Screening Center: How to Balance between the Speed and Safety?", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lee, Jacob"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301302", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388326, "pmcid": "PMC7186129", "title": "Role of increasing the aerobic capacity on improving the function of immune and respiratory systems in patients with coronavirus (COVID-19): A review.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Mohamed, Ayman A", "Alawna, Motaz"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388326", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a public world crisis, however, it is a self-limited infection. In COVID-19, the strength of immune and respiratory systems is a critical element. Thus, this review was conducted to demonstrate the short and long term effects of increasing the aerobic capacity on increasing the function and strength of immune and respiratory systems, particularly those essential for overcoming COVID-19 infections and associated disorders. This review was carried out by searching in Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, Medline databases. The search was conducted over clinical trials and literature and systematic reviews on the effects of increasing the aerobic capacity on the function and strength of specific immune and respiratory elements essential for overcoming COVID-19 infections. This review found that increasing the aerobic capacity could produce short-term safe improvements in the function of immune and respiratory systems, particularly those specific for COVID-19 infections. This could be mainly produced through three mechanisms. Firstly, it could improve immunity by increasing the level and function of immune cells and immunoglobulins, regulating CRP levels, and decreasing anxiety and depression. Secondly, it could improve respiratory system functions by acting as an antibiotic, antioxidant, and antimycotic, restoring normal lung tissue elasticity and strength. Lastly, it could act as a protective barrier to decrease COVID-19 risk factors, which helps to decrease the incidence and progression of COVID-19. This review summarizes that increasing the aerobic capacity is recommended because it has potential of improving immune and respiratory functions which would help counter COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32369026, "pmcid": "PMC7238863", "title": "The Impact of Social Media on Panic During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iraqi Kurdistan: Online Questionnaire Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Ahmad, Araz Ramazan", "Murad, Hersh Rasool"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369026", "countries": ["Iraq"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the first few months of 2020, information and news reports about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were rapidly published and shared on social media and social networking sites. While the field of infodemiology has studied information patterns on the Web and in social media for at least 18 years, the COVID-19 pandemic has been referred to as the first social media infodemic. However, there is limited evidence about whether and how the social media infodemic has spread panic and affected the mental health of social media users. The aim of this study is to determine how social media affects self-reported mental health and the spread of panic about COVID-19 in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. To carry out this study, an online questionnaire was prepared and conducted in Iraqi Kurdistan, and a total of 516 social media users were sampled. This study deployed a content analysis method for data analysis. Correspondingly, data were analyzed using SPSS software. Participants reported that social media has a significant impact on spreading fear and panic related to the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan, with a potential negative influence on people's mental health and psychological well-being. Facebook was the most used social media network for spreading panic about the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraq. We found a significant positive statistical correlation between self-reported social media use and the spread of panic related to COVID-19 (R=.8701). Our results showed that the majority of youths aged 18-35 years are facing psychological anxiety. During lockdown, people are using social media platforms to gain information about COVID-19. The nature of the impact of social media panic among people varies depending on an individual's gender, age, and level of education. Social media has played a key role in spreading anxiety about the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan."}, {"pmid": 32093921, "pmcid": "PMC7094554", "title": "One world, one health: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Trilla, Antoni"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32093921", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329563, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 and prevalence of chronic liver disease: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Mantovani, Alessandro", "Beatrice, Giorgia", "Dalbeni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329563", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, there is scarce information regarding the global prevalence of chronic liver disease in individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease, which is becoming a global pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess the overall prevalence of chronic liver disease among patients with COVID-19 disease by meta-analysing data in observational studies and to investigate the relationship between liver damage and COVID-19 disease. We included 11 observational studies for a total of 2034 adult individuals (median age 49\u00a0years [IQR 45-54], 57.2% men). The overall prevalence of chronic liver disease at baseline was 3% (95% CI 2%-4%; I2 \u00a0=\u00a029.1%). Individuals with severe COVID-19 disease had relevant alterations of liver enzymes and coagulative profile, probably due to the innate immune response against the virus. Further studies are needed to better investigate the causes of liver injury in patients with COVID-19 disease and the effect of treatment for COVID-19 on the liver."}, {"pmid": 32286554, "title": "Coronavirus: a veterinary perspective.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["da Hora, Aline Santana"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286554", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299010, "pmcid": "PMC7141641", "title": "Neurotropism of SARS-CoV 2: Mechanisms and manifestations.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Conde Cardona, Giancarlos", "Quintana Pajaro, Loraine D", "Quintero Marzola, Ivan D", "Ramos Villegas, Yancarlos", "Moscote Salazar, Luis R"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299010", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405454, "pmcid": "PMC7219375", "title": "Acute kidney injury in pregnant women following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report from Iran.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Taghizadieh, Ali", "Mikaeili, Haleh", "Ahmadi, Majid", "Valizadeh, Hamed"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405454", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We reported a 33-year-old female case with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accompanied by Acute tubular necrosis (ATN). She had a gestational age of 34 weeks. The patient referred to treatment clinic for COVID-19 in Imam Reza hospital of Tabriz (Iran) after having flu-like symptoms. In radiologic assessment, ground glass opacity (GGO) with consolidation was found in upper right lobe. Lopinavir/ritonavir (200mg/50mg) two tablet tow times, Ribavirin 200mg every six hours, and Oseltamivir 75mg tow times were given for the treatment of COVID-19. The medications used for treatment of pneumonia were Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin, Vancomycin. All doses of medications were administrated by adjusted dose assuming the patient is anephric. Also, a few supplements were also given after ATN development including daily Rocaltrol and Nephrovit (as a multivitamin appropriate for patients with renal failure), Folic acid and Calcium carbonate. The patient is still under ventilator with a Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 60% and Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of eight. SpO2 is 94% but the patient's ATN problem has been resolved. We started weaning from mechanical ventilator. The patient is conscious with full awareness to time, person and place. The maternal well-being is achieved and her neonate was discharged."}, {"pmid": 32358855, "pmcid": "PMC7267533", "title": "Tracheostomy during COVID-19 pandemic-Novel approach.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Chow, Velda Ling Yu", "Chan, Jimmy Yu Wai", "Ho, Valerie Wai Yee", "Pang, Sherby Suet Ying", "Lee, George Chung Ching", "Wong, Melody Man Kuen", "Lo, Arthur Shing Ho", "Lui, Frances", "Poon, Clara Ching Mei", "Wong, Stanley Thian Sze"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358855", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study describes a novel approach in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission during tracheostomy. Five patients underwent tracheostomy between April 1, 2020 and April 17, 2020. A clear and sterile plastic drape was used as an additional physical barrier against droplets and aerosols. Operative diagnosis; droplet count and distribution on plastic sheet and face shields were documented. Tracheostomy was performed for patients with carcinoma of tonsil (n = 2) and nasopharynx (n = 1), and aspiration pneumonia (n = 2). Droplet contamination was noted on all plastic sheets (n = 5). Droplet contamination was most severe over the central surface at 91.5% (86.7%-100.0%) followed by the left and right lateral surfaces at 5.2% (6.7%-10.0%) and 3.3% (6.7%-10.0%), respectively. No droplet contamination was noted on all face shields. Plastic drapes can help reduce viral transmission to health care providers during tracheostomy. Face shields may be spared which in turn helps to conserve resources during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32428990, "title": "The role of interleukin-6 in monitoring severe case of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "EMBO Mol Med", "authors": ["Liu, Tao", "Zhang, Jieying", "Yang, Yuhui", "Ma, Hong", "Li, Zhenyu", "Zhang, Jiaoyue", "Cheng, Ji", "Zhang, Xiaoyun", "Zhao, Yanxia", "Xia, Zihan", "Zhang, Liling", "Wu, Gang", "Yi, Jianhua"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428990", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Progression to severe disease is a difficult problem in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study is to explore changes in markers of severe disease in COVID-19 patients. Sixty-nine severe COVID-19 patients were included. Patients with severe disease showed significant lymphocytopenia. Elevated level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and D-dimer was found in most severe cases. Baseline interleukin-6 (IL-6) was found to be associated with COVID-19 severity. Indeed, the significant increase of baseline IL-6 was positively correlated with the maximal body temperature during hospitalization and with the increased baseline of CRP, LDH, ferritin, and D-dimer. High baseline IL-6 was also associated with more progressed chest computed tomography (CT) findings. Significant decrease in IL-6 and improved CT assessment was found in patients during recovery, while IL-6 was further increased in exacerbated patients. Collectively, our results suggest that the dynamic change in IL-6 can be used as a marker for disease monitoring in patients with severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32405083, "pmcid": "PMC7218362", "title": "[Appreciating COVID-19 as a child and adolescent psychiatrist on the move].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Cohen, David"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405083", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a multi-organ disease due to an infection with the SARS-CoV2 virus. It has become a pandemic in early 2020. The disease appears less devastating in children and adolescents. However, stress, quarantine and eventually mourning have major impacts on development. It is difficult to describe what this pandemic implies for a child psychiatrist, other than by giving a first-hand account. I propose to go through the main ethical questions that have arisen; to describe how my hospital team has reorganized itself to meet the new demands and questions, in particular by opening a unit dedicated to people with autism and challenging behaviors affected by COVID-19; and to address, in a context of national discussion, how the discipline has sought to understand the conditions of a certain well-being during quarantine. Finally, I will try to conclude with more speculative reflections on re-opening."}, {"pmid": 32441743, "title": "A Case Report of Neonatal Acute Respiratory Failure Due to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Precit, Mimi R", "Yee, Rebecca", "Anand, Vikram", "Mongkolrattanothai, Kanokporn", "Pandey, Utsav", "Dien Bard, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441743", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451114, "pmcid": "PMC7196381", "title": "Communication strategies to mitigate fear and suffering among COVID-19 patients isolated in the ICU and their families.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Akgun, Kathleen M", "Shamas, Tracy L", "Feder, Shelli L", "Schulman-Green, Dena"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451114", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526392, "title": "Oral mucosal lesions in a COVID-19 patient: new signs or secondary manifestations?", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Santos, Juliana Amorim Dos", "Normando, Ana Gabriela Costa", "Silva, Rainier Luiz Carvalho da", "Paula, Renata Monteiro De", "Cembranel, Allan Christian", "Santos-Silva, Alan Roger", "Guerra, Eliete Neves Silva"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526392", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some oral manifestations have been observed in patients with coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is still a question about whether these lesions are due to coronavirus infection or secondary manifestations resulting from the patient's systemic condition. Thus, this article aims to report an additional case of the oral conditions in a patient diagnosed with COVID-19. Our patient, a sixty-seven-year-old Caucasian man, tested positive to coronavirus and presented oral manifestations such as recurrent herpes simplex, candidiasis, and geographic tongue. We support the argument that some oral conditions could be secondary to the deterioration of systemic health or due to treatments for COVID-19. The present case report highlights the importance of including dentists in the intensive care unit multi-professional team to improve oral health in critical patients not only COVID-19 patients. Also, to contribute to evidence-based and decision-making in managing infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32192561, "title": "Pharmacy Services and the Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "Sr Care Pharm", "authors": ["Alderman, Chris"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192561", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pharmacists around the world can expect to be affected by the coronavirus, especially those who provide care for older people who are at a much higher risk for grave consequences from the virus. It is critical that pharmacists maintain awareness of the evolving pandemic and access reliable information to remain familiar with developments."}, {"pmid": 32461417, "title": "Commentary: Gamifying teleconsultation during COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Akkara, John D", "Kuriakose, Anju"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461417", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449663, "title": "Salvation in a Time of Plague.", "journal": "AMA J Ethics", "authors": ["Sweeney, Ginia"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449663", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health workers offer their skills and care to COVID-19 pandemic patients, just as St Roch offered healing to those stricken by bubonic plague during the Renaissance. This article interprets 3 works of art in light of Roch's story of illness and recovery and applies key insights of ethical, artistic, and clinical relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32275294, "title": "Caring for Patients With Cancer During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "JAMA Oncol", "authors": ["Pietrantonio, Filippo", "Garassino, Marina Chiara"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275294", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487463, "pmcid": "PMC7245252", "title": "Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Sex Med", "authors": ["Miranda, Eduardo P", "Nascimento, Bruno", "Torres, Luiz Otavio", "Glina, Sidney"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487463", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267343, "pmcid": "PMC7236170", "title": "\"Pandemic fear\" and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Ornell, Felipe", "Schuch, Jaqueline B", "Sordi, Anne O", "Kessler, Felix Henrique Paim"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267343", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32167489, "pmcid": "PMC7108922", "title": "The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Casadevall, Arturo", "Pirofski, Liise-Anne"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167489", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402018, "title": "Covid-19 in the State of Ceara: behaviors and beliefs in the arrival of the pandemic.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Lima, Danilo Lopes Ferreira", "Dias, Aldo Angelim", "Rabelo, Renata Saboia", "Cruz, Igor Demes da", "Costa, Samuel Carvalho", "Nigri, Flavia Maria Noronha", "Neri, Jiovanne Rabelo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402018", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to evaluate the behavioral aspects and beliefs of the population of Cear\u00e1 in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was conducted on sociodemographic aspects and opinions related to the pandemic. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated, the association between variables was performed with Chi-square, and the level of significance was 5%. The final sample had 2,259 participants, and an association was observed between females and perceiving themselves with a high risk of infection (p = 0.044) and males with non-performance of voluntary quarantine (p < 0.001). People aged 80 years and over were partially quarantined due to the flow of people at home (p < 0.001). Participants with elementary school education had a lower risk of infection than participants with a higher level of education (p < 0.001). This group includes people who did voluntary quarantine the least (p < 0.001). Participants living in the inland region of the state had less direct contact with someone tested positive for the Coronavirus (p = 0.031) and are less reclusive (p < 0.001). We can conclude that the approach to the COVID-19 pandemic varies by social aspects, such as gender, age, education, and place of residence, as well as the belief system of the population of the State of Cear\u00e1."}, {"pmid": 32413768, "pmcid": "PMC7202820", "title": "Covert COVID-19 complications: Continuing the use of evidence-based drugs to minimize potentially lethal indirect effects of the pandemic in stroke patients.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Lee, Meng", "Chen, Chi-Hsin Sally", "Ovbiagele, Bruce"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413768", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343839, "pmcid": "PMC7267283", "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with chronic plaque psoriasis being treated with biological therapy: the Northern Italy experience.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Gisondi, P", "Facheris, P", "Dapavo, P", "Piaserico, S", "Conti, A", "Naldi, L", "Cazzaniga, S", "Malagoli, P", "Costanzo, A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343839", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212515, "title": "Novel Coronavirus and Old Lessons - Preparing the Health System for the Pandemic.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hick, John L", "Biddinger, Paul D"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212515", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355117, "pmcid": "PMC7224622", "title": "Nimble, Together: A Training Program's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Bryan, Darren S", "Benjamin, Andrew J", "Schneider, Andrew B", "Milner, Ross", "Matthews, Jeffrey B", "Roggin, Kevin K"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355117", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391719, "pmcid": "PMC7218353", "title": "Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19: les liaisons dangereuses.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Barison, Andrea", "Aimo, Alberto", "Castiglione, Vincenzo", "Arzilli, Chiara", "Lupon, Josep", "Codina, Pau", "Santiago-Vacas, Evelyn", "Cediel, German", "Emdin, Michele", "Bayes-Genis, Antoni"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391719", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with cardiovascular risk factors or established cardiovascular disease have an increased risk of developing coronavirus disease 19 and have a worse outcome when infected, but translating this notion into effective action is challenging. At present it is unclear whether cardiovascular therapies may reduce the likelihood of infection, or improve the survival of infected patients. Given the crucial importance of this issue for clinical cardiologists and all specialists dealing with coronavirus disease 19, we tried to recapitulate the current evidence and provide some practical recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32512635, "title": "Uncovering psychobehavioral implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Iran.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Wong, Li Ping", "Alias, Haridah", "Danaee, Mahmoud", "Ziaee, Masood", "Adebi, Farshid", "Ziaee, Arash", "Mohajer, Samira", "HajiAliBeigloo, Reza", "Nia, Mohammad Namazi", "Jamei, Fateme", "Mazlom, Seyed Reza"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512635", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Iran is the country in Western Asia most impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak. A survey was conducted among the general public in Iran aimed at investigating psychobehavioural issues related to the COVID-19 outbreak, namely: 1) barriers to preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 infection; 2) negative emotions toward SARS-CoV-2 infection; and 3) anxiety levels among the general public in Iran. A cross-sectional, web-based survey using an online questionnaire was carried out between 16 March and 1 April 2020. The six-item version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6) was used to assess anxiety levels. A total of 1,789 complete responses were received. Nearly 60% reported having difficulty in wearing a face mask to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mean and standard deviation (SD) for the total prevention barrier score was 35.8 (SD \u00b1 7.1; range 18 to 68) out of a possible score of 72. Male respondents [odds ratio (OR) = 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 1.51] and respondents who perceived their health status as poor/fair (OR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.31 to 1.82) were predictors of high prevention barriers. Negative emotions such as fear (74.6%), followed by depression (43.4%) and stigma (23.0%) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported. Respondents who perceived their health as poor/fair (OR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.57 to 3.04) reported a higher likelihood of having higher negative emotions. Findings on anxiety level revealed 68.0% (95% CI 65.8 to 70.1) reported moderate to severe anxiety. Respondents who perceived their health as poor/fair (OR = 3.46; 95% CI 12.22 to 5.40) and who were females (OR = 1.91; 95% CI 1.55 to 2.36) were predictors of moderate to severe anxiety. In conclusion, psychobehavioural interventions are needed to facilitate management and control of the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32360606, "title": "SARS-CoV2 entry and spread in the lymphatic drainage system of the brain.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Bostanciklioglu, Mehmet"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360606", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506768, "title": "Clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in aging male: A retrospective study of 18 cases.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Topaktas, Ramazan", "Tokuc, Emre", "Kutluhan, Musab Ali", "Akyuz, Mehmet", "Karabay, Emre", "Caliskan, Selahattin"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506768", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which emerged in China in December 2019 affects the world very seriously. We aimed to evaluate the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients who were admitted and treated to our hospital due to COVID-19. Between March 18, 2020 and April 5, 2020, 18 patients admitted with COVID-19 who has BPH and are using medication for this were included in the study and analyzed retrospectively. Diagnosis was confirmed by COVID-19 nucleic acid test by sampling sputum or nasopharyngeal swab. Standard COVID-19 treatment protocol determined by our Ministry of Health was applied to all patients according to their risk groups. Epidemiological, clinical, radiological features, additional diseases, laboratory tests, complications and outcome data of all patients were recorded. Mean age of patients was 59.6 (range: 56-73). As the mode of transmission, 10 (55.5%) of patients were infected in hospital, 5 (27.7%) patients had a relative with COVID-19 and 3 (16,6%) was unknown. During follow-up, 2 (11.1%) patients were transferred to intensive care unit (ICU). One of these patients dramatically progressed and died. Patients who survived and were not transferred to ICU had lesser comorbidities and were relatively young. Mean duration of hospitalization was 14.2 days (range 12-19). We think that COVID-19 patients with BPH had a low mortality rate and did not have a poor prognosis in this patient group. It is crucial to take comprehensive preventive measures to control COVID-19 transmission via hospital route."}, {"pmid": 32418556, "title": "Predicted Effects of Stopping COVID-19 Lockdown on Italian Hospital Demand.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Bollon, Jordy", "Paganini, Matteo", "Nava, Consuelo Rubina", "De Vita, Nello", "Vaschetto, Rosanna", "Ragazzoni, Luca", "Della Corte, Francesco", "Barone-Adesi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418556", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy has been one of the first countries to implement mitigation measures to curb the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is currently a debate on when and how such measures should be loosened. To forecast the demand for hospital intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU beds for COVID-19 patients from May to September, we developed 2 models, assuming a gradual easing of restrictions or an intermittent lockdown. We used a compartmental model to evaluate 2 scenarios: (A) an intermittent lockdown; (B) a gradual relaxation of the lockdown. Predicted ICU and non-ICU demand was compared with the peak in hospital bed use observed in April 2020. Under scenario A, while ICU demand will remain below the peak, the number of non-ICU will substantially rise and will exceed it (133%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 94-171). Under scenario B, a rise in ICU and non-ICU demand will start in July and will progressively increase over the summer 2020, reaching 95% (95% CI: 71-121) and 237% (95% CI: 191-282) of the April peak. Italian hospital demand is likely to remain high in the next months. If restrictions are reduced, planning for the next several months should consider an increase in health-care resources to maintain surge capacity across the country."}, {"pmid": 32341943, "pmcid": "PMC7182532", "title": "Recommendations on the clinical management of the COVID-19 infection by the <<new coronavirus>> SARS-CoV2. Spanish Paediatric Association working group.", "journal": "An Pediatr (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Calvo, Cristina", "Lopez-Hortelano, Milagros Garcia", "Vicente, Juan Carlos de Carlos", "Martinez, Jose Luis Vazquez"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341943", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Committee of Health and Healthcare (Hubei Province, China) reported that there were 27 cases of pneumonia of unknown origin with symptoms starting on the 8 December. There were 7 serious cases with common exposure in market with shellfish, fish, and live animals, in the city of Wuhan. On 7 January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified that the agent causing the outbreak was a new type of virus of the Coronaviridae family, temporarily called \u00abnew coronavirus\u00bb, 2019-nCoV. On January 30th, 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the outbreak an International Emergency. On 11 February 2020 the WHO assigned it the name of SARS-CoV2 and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2 and COVID-19). The Ministry of Health summoned the Specialties Societies to prepare a clinical protocol for the management of COVID-19. The Spanish Paediatric Association appointed a Working Group of the Societies of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Paediatric Intensive Care to prepare the present recommendations with the evidence available at the time of preparing them."}, {"pmid": 32313215, "pmcid": "PMC7167530", "title": "Prevention and control strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Cancer", "authors": ["Tan, Juan", "Yang, Chao"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313215", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has had a major impact worldwide due to its high infectiousness. Patients with cancer are more susceptible to infection and more likely to have severe events than other patients. This paper proposes management strategies for cancer patients that are beneficial for pandemic control and reduce the impact of the pandemic\u00a0on cancer patients."}, {"pmid": 32529815, "title": "Assessment of the Severity of Coronavirus Disease: Quantitative Computed Tomography Parameters versus Semiquantitative Visual Score.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Yin, Xi", "Min, Xiangde", "Nan, Yan", "Feng, Zhaoyan", "Li, Basen", "Cai, Wei", "Xi, Xiaoqing", "Wang, Liang"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529815", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare the accuracies of quantitative computed tomography (CT) parameters and semiquantitative visual score in evaluating clinical classification of severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We retrospectively enrolled 187 patients with COVID-19 treated at Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College from February 15, 2020, to February 29, 2020. Demographic data, imaging characteristics, and clinical data were collected, and based on the clinical classification of severity, patients were divided into groups 1 (mild) and 2 (severe/critical). A semiquantitative visual score was used to estimate the lesion extent. A three-dimensional slicer was used to precisely quantify the volume and CT value of the lung and lesions. Correlation coefficients of the quantitative CT parameters, semiquantitative visual score, and clinical classification were calculated using Spearman's correlation. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare the accuracies of quantitative and semi-quantitative methods. There were 59 patients in group 1 and 128 patients in group 2. The mean age and sex distribution of the two groups were not significantly different. The lesions were primarily located in the subpleural area. Compared to group 1, group 2 had larger values for all volume-dependent parameters (p < 0.001). The percentage of lesions had the strongest correlation with disease severity with a correlation coefficient of 0.495. In comparison, the correlation coefficient of semiquantitative score was 0.349. To classify the severity of COVID-19, area under the curve of the percentage of lesions was the highest (0.807; 95% confidence interval, 0.744-0.861: p < 0.001) and that of the quantitative CT parameters was significantly higher than that of the semiquantitative visual score (p = 0.001). The classification accuracy of quantitative CT parameters was significantly superior to that of semiquantitative visual score in terms of evaluating the severity of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32094589, "pmcid": "PMC7095430", "title": "Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses.", "journal": "Nat Microbiol", "authors": ["Letko, Michael", "Marzi, Andrea", "Munster, Vincent"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32094589", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over the past 20\u2009years, several coronaviruses have crossed the species barrier into humans, causing outbreaks of severe, and often fatal, respiratory illness. Since SARS-CoV was first identified in animal markets, global viromics projects have discovered thousands of coronavirus sequences in diverse animals and geographic regions. Unfortunately, there are few tools available to functionally test these viruses for their ability to infect humans, which has severely hampered efforts to predict the next zoonotic viral outbreak. Here, we developed an approach to rapidly screen lineage B betacoronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and the recent SARS-CoV-2, for receptor usage and their ability to infect cell types from different species. We show that host protease processing during viral entry is a significant barrier for several lineage B viruses and that bypassing this barrier allows several lineage B viruses to enter human cells through an unknown receptor. We also demonstrate how different lineage B viruses can recombine to gain entry into human cells, and confirm that human ACE2 is the receptor for the recently emerging SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32522191, "title": "Coronavirus disease 19 in minority populations of Newark, New Jersey.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Okoh, Alexis K", "Sossou, Christoph", "Dangayach, Neha S", "Meledathu, Sherin", "Phillips, Oluwakemi", "Raczek, Corinne", "Patti, Michael", "Kang, Nathan", "Hirji, Sameer A", "Cathcart, Charles", "Engell, Christian", "Cohen, Marc", "Nagarakanti, Sandhya", "Bishburg, Eliahu", "Grewal, Harpreet S"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522191", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study is to report the clinical features and outcomes of Black/African American (AA) and Latino Hispanic patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalized in an inter-city hospital in the state of New Jersey. This is a retrospective cohort study of AA and Latino Hispanic patients with COVID-19 admitted to a 665-bed quaternary care, teaching hospital located in Newark, New Jersey. The study included patients who had completed hospitalization between March 10, 2020, and April 10, 2020. We reviewed demographics, socioeconomic variables and incidence of in-hospital mortality and morbidity. Logistic regression was used to identify predictor of in-hospital death. Out of 416 patients, 251 (60%) had completed hospitalization as of April 10, 2020. The incidence of In-hospital mortality was 38.6% (n\u2009=\u200997). Most common symptoms at initial presentation were dyspnea 39% (n\u2009=\u2009162) followed by cough 38%(n\u2009=\u2009156) and fever 34% (n\u2009=\u2009143). Patients were in the highest quartile for population's density, number of housing units and disproportionately fell into the lowest median income quartile for the state of New Jersey. The incidence of septic shock, acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring hemodialysis and admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) was 24% (n\u2009=\u200959), 21% (n\u2009=\u200952), 33% (n\u2009=\u200982) respectively. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were older age, lower serum Hemoglobin <\u200910\u2009mg/dl, elevated serum Ferritin and Creatinine phosphokinase levels >\u20091200\u2009U/L and\u2009>\u20091000\u2009U/L. Findings from an inter-city hospital's experience with COVID-19 among underserved minority populations showed that, more than one of every three patients were at risk for in-hospital death or morbidity. Older age and elevated inflammatory markers at presentation were associated with in-hospital death."}, {"pmid": 32359839, "pmcid": "PMC7166011", "title": "Symptomatic COVID-19 in Eye Professionals in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Qiao, Chunyan", "Zhang, Hui", "He, Mingguang", "Ying, Guishuang", "Chen, Changzheng", "Song, Yanping", "Oatts, Julius", "Liu, Zhonghua", "Xing, Yiqiao", "Xiao, Zefeng", "Ke, Min", "Ye, Ya", "Chen, Xiaoniao", "Luo, Jihong", "Han, Ying", "Wang, Ningli"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359839", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510748, "title": "COVID-19: Test, Trace and Isolate-New Epidemiological Data.", "journal": "Environ Microbiol", "authors": ["Brussow, Harald"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510748", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the absence of an efficient drug treatment or a vaccine, the control of the COVID-19 pandemic relies on classic infection control measures. Since these means are socially disruptive and come with substantial economic loss for societies, a better knowledge of the epidemiology of the new coronavirus epidemic is crucial to achieve control at a sustainable cost, and within tolerable restrictions of civil rights. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32414669, "pmcid": "PMC7205634", "title": "Rapid worsening in Parkinson's disease may hide COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Parkinsonism Relat Disord", "authors": ["Hainque, Elodie", "Grabli, David"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414669", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473012, "title": "Response to Malkovsky.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zeng, Qing-Lei", "Ji, Fanpu", "Zhang, Ji-Yuan"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473012", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479893, "pmcid": "PMC7258829", "title": "Ivermectin: repurposing a multipurpose drug for Venezuela's humanitarian crisis.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Perez-Garcia, Luis A", "Mejias-Carpio, Isis E", "Delgado-Noguera, Lourdes A", "Manzanarez-Motezuma, Jean P", "Escalona-Rodriguez, Maria A", "Sordillo, Emilia M", "Mogollon-Rodriguez, Euler A", "Hernandez-Pereira, Carlos E", "Marquez-Colmenarez, Marilianna C", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto E"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479893", "countries": ["Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For decades, Ivermectin (IVM) has been recognized as a robust antiparasitic drug with excellent tolerance and safety profiles. Historically it has been used as the drug of choice for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis global elimination programs. IVM is also a standard treatment against intestinal helminths and ectoparasites given its action as an oral insecticide. The current humanitarian crisis in Venezuela is a regional public health threat that requires immediate action. Venezuela's public health system has now crumbled due to a 70% shortage of medicines in public hospitals, low vaccination campaigns, and the massive exodus of medical personnel. Herein we discuss the repurposing of IVM to attenuate the burden imposed by the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Venezuela including soil-transmitted helminths, ectoparasites and, possibly, vector-borne diseases such as malaria. Additionally, novel experimental evidence has shown that IVM is active and efficacious against Chagas disease, Leishmaniases, arboviruses, and SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. In crisis-hit Venezuela, all of the aforementioned infectious diseases are public health emergencies that have been long ignored and that also require immediate attention. IVM's versatile nature could serve as a powerful tool to tackle the multiple overlapping endemic and emergent diseases that affect Venezuela today. The repurposing of this multipurpose drug would be without a doubt a timely therapeutical approach to help mitigate the tremendous burden of NTDs nationwide."}, {"pmid": 32386987, "pmcid": "PMC7183998", "title": "Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Covid-19: A Common Association in Seriously Ill Patients?", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Perez-Girbes, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386987", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427741, "title": "Pandemic Adaptive Measures in a Major Trauma Center: Coping With COVID-19.", "journal": "J Patient Saf", "authors": ["Sheridan, Gerard A", "Boran, Sinead", "Taylor, Colm", "O'Loughlin, Padhraig F", "Harty, James A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427741", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518882, "pmcid": "PMC7270648", "title": "Canada needs to rapidly escalate public health interventions for its COVID-19 mitigation strategies.", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Scarabel, Francesca", "Pellis, Lorenzo", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Wu, Jianhong"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518882", "countries": ["Italy", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the declaration of COVID-19 pandemic on March 11th, 2020, local transmission chains starting in different countries including Canada are forcing governments to take decisions on public health interventions to mitigate the spread of the epidemic. We conduct data-driven and model-free estimations for the growth rates of the COVID-19 epidemics in Italy and Canada, by fitting an exponential curve to the daily reported cases. We use these estimates to predict epidemic trends in Canada under different scenarios of public health interventions. In Italy, the initial growth rate (0.22) has reduced to 0.1 two weeks after the lockdown of the country on March 8th, 2020. This corresponds to an increase of the doubling time from about 3.15 to almost 7 days. In comparison, the growth rate in Canada has increased from 0.13 between March 1st and 13th, to 0.25 between March 13th to 22nd. This current growth rate corresponds to a doubling time of 2.7 days, and therefore, unless further public health interventions are escalated in Canada, we project 15,000 cases by March 31st. However, the case number may be reduced to 4000 if escalated public health interventions could instantly reduce the growth rate to 0.1, the same level achieved in Italy. Prompt and farsighted interventions are critical to counteract the very rapid initial growth of the COVID-19 epidemic in Canada. Mitigation plans must take into account the delayed effect of interventions by up to 2-weeks and the short doubling time of 3-4 days."}, {"pmid": 32374368, "pmcid": "PMC7239250", "title": "Frailty in the Face of COVID-19.", "journal": "Age Ageing", "authors": ["Hubbard, Ruth E", "Maier, Andrea B", "Hilmer, Sarah N", "Naganathan, Vasi", "Etherton-Beer, Christopher", "Rockwood, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374368", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358044, "title": "Divide and Conquer: Strategies in Singapore to Manage a Nuclear Medicine Department During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nucl Med Technol", "authors": ["Tham, Wei Y", "Tong, Aaron K T", "Loke, Kelvin S H", "Chio, Liyi", "Lim, Gabriel K Y", "Seah, Xin Y", "Ng, David C E", "Yan, Sean X X", "Lam, Winnie W C"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358044", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization on January 30, 2020. Since then, the virus has spread to affect more countries worldwide. During this period, our nuclear medicine department at Singapore General Hospital segregated our staff and patients by time, by space, or both, to minimize contact and prevent spread of the virus. Necessary changes to our clinical practices and stricter infection control measures were also enforced. We share our personal experience in managing a nuclear medicine department during this epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32424571, "pmcid": "PMC7233678", "title": "Burden and prevalence of prognostic factors for severe COVID-19 in Sweden.", "journal": "Eur J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Gemes, Katalin", "Talback, Mats", "Modig, Karin", "Ahlbom, Anders", "Berglund, Anita", "Feychting, Maria", "Matthews, Anthony A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424571", "countries": ["Sweden"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control suggest that individuals over the age of 70\u00a0years or with underlying cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, or diabetes are at increased risk of severe COVID-19. However, the prevalence of these prognostic factors is unknown in many countries. We aimed to describe the burden and prevalence of prognostic factors of severe COVID-19 at national and county level in Sweden. We calculated the burden and prevalence of prognostic factors for severe COVID-19 based on records from the Swedish national health care and population registers for 3\u00a0years before 1st January 2016. 9,624,428 individuals were included in the study population. 22.1% had at least one prognostic factor for severe COVID-19 (2,131,319 individuals), and 1.6% had at least three factors (154,746 individuals). The prevalence of underlying medical conditions ranged from 0.8% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (78,516 individuals) to 7.4% with cardiovascular disease (708,090 individuals), and the county specific prevalence of at least one prognostic factor ranged from 19.2% in Stockholm (416,988 individuals) to 25.9% in Kalmar (60,005 individuals). We show that one in five individuals in Sweden is at increased risk of severe COVID-19. When compared with the critical care capacity at a local and national level, these results can aid authorities in optimally planning healthcare resources during the current pandemic. Findings can also be applied to underlying assumptions of disease burden in modelling efforts to support COVID-19 planning."}, {"pmid": 32293716, "pmcid": "PMC7262119", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 3,062 COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhu, Jieyun", "Ji, Pan", "Pang, Jielong", "Zhong, Zhimei", "Li, Hongyuan", "He, Cuiying", "Zhang, Jianfeng", "Zhao, Chunling"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293716", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aim to systematically review the clinical characteristics of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Seven datebases were searched to collect studies about the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 from 1 January 2020 to 28 February 2020. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata12.0 software. A total of 38 studies involving 3 062 COVID-19 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that a higher proportion of infected patients were male (56.9%). The incidence rate of respiratory failure or ARDS was 19.5% and the fatality rate was 5.5%. Fever (80.4%), fatigue (46%), cough (63.1%) and expectoration (41.8%) were the most common clinical manifestations. Other common symptoms included muscle soreness (33%), anorexia (38.8%), chest tightness (35.7%), shortness of breath (35%), dyspnea (33.9%). Minor symptoms included nausea and vomiting (10.2%), diarrhea (12.9%), headache (15.4%), pharyngalgia(13.1%), shivering (10.9%) and abdominal pain (4.4%). Patients with asymptomatic was 11.9%. Normal leukocytes counts (69.7%), lymphopenia (56.5%), elevated C-reactive protein levels (73.6%), elevated ESR (65.6%) and oxygenation index decreased (63.6%) were observed in most patients. About 37.2% of patients with elevated D-dimer, 25.9% of patients with leukopenia, along with abnormal levels of liver function (29%) and renal function (25.5%). Other findings included leukocytosis (12.6%) and elevated procalcitonin (17.5%). Only 25.8% of patients had lesions involving single lung and 75.7% of patients had lesions involving bilateral lungs. The most commonly experienced symptoms of COVID-19 patients were fever, fatigue, cough and expectoration. A relatively small percentage of patients were asymptomatic. Most patients showed normal leucocytes counts, lymphopenia, elevated levels of C-reactive protein and ESR. Bilateral lungs involvement was common. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32440021, "title": "How coronavirus lockdowns stopped flu in its tracks.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Jones, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440021", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232423, "title": "Safety Recommendations for Evaluation and Surgery of the Head and Neck During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Givi, Babak", "Schiff, Bradley A", "Chinn, Steven B", "Clayburgh, Daniel", "Iyer, N Gopalakrishna", "Jalisi, Scharukh", "Moore, Michael G", "Nathan, Cherie-Ann", "Orloff, Lisa A", "O'Neill, James P", "Parker, Noah", "Zender, Chad", "Morris, Luc G T", "Davies, Louise"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232423", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapidly expanding novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has challenged the medical community to an unprecedented degree. Physicians and health care workers are at added risk of exposure and infection during the course of patient care. Because of the rapid spread of this disease through respiratory droplets, health care workers who come in close contact with the upper aerodigestive tract during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, such as otolaryngologists-head and neck surgeons, are particularly at risk. A set of safety recommendations was created based on a review of the literature and communications with physicians with firsthand knowledge of safety procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. A high number of health care workers were infected during the first phase of the pandemic in the city of Wuhan, China. Subsequently, by adopting strict safety precautions, other regions were able to achieve high levels of safety for health care workers without jeopardizing the care of patients. The most common procedures related to the examination and treatment of upper aerodigestive tract diseases were reviewed. Each category was reviewed based on the potential risk imposed to health care workers. Specific recommendations were made based on the literature, when available, or consensus best practices. Specific safety recommendations were made for performing tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19. Preserving a highly skilled health care workforce is a top priority for any community and health care system. Based on the experience of health care systems in Asia and Europe, by following strict safety guidelines, the risk of exposure and infection of health care workers could be greatly reduced while providing high levels of care. The provided recommendations, which may evolve over time, could be used as broad guidance for all health care workers who are involved in the care of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32426864, "title": "A clinicopathological study of 8 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and a late-onset exanthema.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Herrero-Moyano, M", "Capusan, T M", "Andreu-Barasoain, M", "Alcantara-Gonzalez, J", "Ruano-Del Salado, M", "Sanchez-Largo Uceda, M E", "Calzado-Villarreal, L", "Perez-Gonzalez, Y"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426864", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our hospital diagnosed the two first non-imported COVID-19 cases in Spain on 26th February. Up to date, a total of 1177 COVID-19 patients have been hospitalized. Eight of them were referred for dermatological examination. Due to the overwhelming situation, the incidence of cutaneous manifestations in our hospitalized COVID-19 patients is probably greater than this 0.7%1, 2 ."}, {"pmid": 32474757, "pmcid": "PMC7260472", "title": "Acute pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 related hypercoagulability.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Lorenzo, Cerruti", "Francesca, Boscaro", "Francesco, Poletto", "Elena, Campello", "Luca, Spiezia", "Paolo, Simioni"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474757", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was confirmed as the etiologic agent of a worldwide outbreak of a pneumonia that can result in severe respiratory failure. This clinical entity seems to be associated with a marked hypercoagulable state that causes both arterial and venous thromboembolic complications. Therefore, an adequate anti-thrombotic prophylaxis is recommended in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Although rapidly worsening respiratory symptoms in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection may correlate with worsening pneumonia itself, it may also mask a pulmonary embolism. We report the case of a 50-year-old man affected by SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, who developed acute pulmonary embolism."}, {"pmid": 32323499, "pmcid": "PMC7183840", "title": "Small Solitary Ground-Glass Nodule on CT as an Initial Manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Xia, Tianyi", "Li, Jiawei", "Gao, Jiao", "Xu, Xunhua"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323499", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in 2019 led to large numbers of people being infected and developing atypical pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19). Typical imaging manifestations of patients infected with 2019-nCoV has been reported, but we encountered an atypical radiological manifestation on baseline computed tomography (CT) images in three patients from Wuhan, China infected with the 2019-nCoV. Surprisingly, the only similar CT finding was a solitary sub-centimeter ground-glass nodule adjacent to bronchovascular bundles, which could be easily overlooked. In addition, the follow-up images in these patients showed how COVID-19 pneumonia evolved from these small nodules. The radiologic manifestation of the three cases will expand contemporary understanding of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32330541, "pmcid": "PMC7172785", "title": "Do patients with cancer have a poorer prognosis of COVID-19? An experience in New York City.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Miyashita, H", "Mikami, T", "Chopra, N", "Yamada, T", "Chernyavsky, S", "Rizk, D", "Cruz, C"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330541", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221117, "pmcid": "PMC7188030", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak and Surgical Practice: Unexpected Fatality in Perioperative Period.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Aminian, Ali", "Safari, Saeed", "Razeghian-Jahromi, Abdolali", "Ghorbani, Mohammad", "Delaney, Conor P"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221117", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": Little is known about surgical practice in the initial phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global crisis. This is a retrospective case series of 4 surgical patients (cholecystectomy, hernia repair, gastric bypass, and hysterectomy) who developed perioperative complications in the first few weeks of COVID-19 outbreak in Tehran, Iran in the month of February 2020. COVID-19 can complicate the perioperative course with diagnostic challenge and a high potential fatality rate. In locations with widespread infections and limited resources, the risk of elective surgical procedures for index patient and community may outweigh the benefit."}, {"pmid": 32460358, "title": "The early landscape of COVID-19 vaccine development in the UK and rest of the world.", "journal": "Immunology", "authors": ["Sharpe, Hannah R", "Gilbride, Ciaran", "Allen, Elizabeth", "Belij-Rammerstorfer, Sandra", "Bissett, Cameron", "Ewer, Katie", "Lambe, Teresa"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460358", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first WHO notification on 31st December 2019, COVID-19, the respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has been responsible for over 4 million confirmed infections, and almost 300,000 deaths worldwide. The pandemic has led to over half of the world's population living under lockdown conditions. To allow normal life to resume, public health interventions will be needed to prevent further waves of infections as lockdown measures are lifted. As one of the most effective countermeasures against infectious diseases, an efficacious vaccine is considered crucial to containing the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the publication of the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2, vaccine development has accelerated at an unprecedented pace across the world. Here we review the different platforms employed to develop vaccines, the standard timelines of development and how they can be condensed in a pandemic situation. We focus on vaccine development in the UK and vaccines which have entered clinical trials around the world."}, {"pmid": 32199494, "pmcid": "PMC7271205", "title": "Estimation of COVID-19 outbreak size in Italy.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tuite, Ashleigh R", "Ng, Victoria", "Rees, Erin", "Fisman, David"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199494", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509310, "pmcid": "PMC7238997", "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: virus mutations in specific European populations.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Coppee, F", "Lechien, J R", "Decleves, A-E", "Tafforeau, L", "Saussez, S"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509310", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is being intensively studied, particularly its evolution, in the increasingly available sequences between countries/continents with classical phylogenetic tree representation. More recently, certain protein mutations have been correlated with specific functional impacts. Our clinical data from patients suggest that clinical symptoms differ between European countries. Among other factors, SARS-CoV-2 mutations could explain these disparities. Our analyses point to an association of diverse mutations, including co-evolving ones, in a few SARS-CoV-2 proteins within specific countries. We therefore suggest combining clinical information from patients and the determination of the associated SARS-CoV-2 genome to better understand the specific symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32426063, "pmcid": "PMC7227560", "title": "The healthcare professionals amidst COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of resilience and posttraumatic growth.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Kalaitzaki, Argyroula E", "Tamiolaki, Alexandra", "Rovithis, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426063", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374715, "title": "A Canadian framework for managing prostate cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations from the Canadian Urologic Oncology Group and the Canadian Urological Association.", "journal": "Can Urol Assoc J", "authors": ["Kokorovic, Andrea", "So, Alan I", "Hotte, Sebastien J", "Black, Peter C", "Danielson, Brita", "Emmenegger, Urban", "Finelli, Antonio", "Niazi, Tamim", "Pouliot, Frederic", "Shayegan, Bobby", "Sridhar, Srikala", "Vigneault, Eric", "Loblaw, Andrew", "Rendon, Ricardo A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374715", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298988, "pmcid": "PMC7194914", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 225 patients with COVID-19 in a tertiary Hospital near Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Li, Ruoqing", "Tian, Jigang", "Yang, Fang", "Lv, Lei", "Yu, Jie", "Sun, Guangyan", "Ma, Yu", "Yang, Xiaojuan", "Ding, Jianqiang"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298988", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019, caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). There is a need to study the clinical features of patients in a hospital near Wuhan. To identify clinical features of patients with COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital near Wuhan. General information, clinical manifestations, laboratory data, and computed tomography (CT) data were collected for 225 patients diagnosed of COVID-19 admitted between January 20 and February 14, 2020, to the Hanchuan City People's Hospital. The patients included 120 male and 105 females who had no connection to the Wuhan Huanan Seafood Market. Their average age was 50\u202f\u00b1\u202f14 years. The major clinical symptoms were fever (84.44% of patients), cough (56.44% of patients), and dyspnea (4.00% of patients); 3.56%-22.67% of subjects suffered from expectoration, fatigue, chills, headache, chest pain, and pharyngalgia. Hypertension was present in 20.89% of patients. The counts of white blood cells (WBCs) and lymphocytes were normal or decreased in 86.67% and 99.11% of patients. CRP was increased in 86.22% of patients, PCT in 10.67%, and ESR in 90.22%. CT showed that 86.22% of patients had multiple patchy glassy shadows in both lungs, particularly in the peripheral area. Thirty-seven (16.44%) patients were diagnosed with severe COVID-19. Methylprednisolone was administered in 44.44% of cases. The mortality among the patients was 0.89%. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in the tertiary hospital near Wuhan are very similar to those found in Wuhan, but the lower mortality."}, {"pmid": 32362921, "pmcid": "PMC7189261", "title": "Hypoxia in acute cardiac injury of coronavirus disease 2019: lesson learned from pathological studies.", "journal": "J Geriatr Cardiol", "authors": ["Nan, Jing", "Jin, Yu-Bo", "Myo, Yunjung", "Zhang, Ge"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362921", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32032543, "pmcid": "PMC7128153", "title": "Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Xiang, Yu-Tao", "Yang, Yuan", "Li, Wen", "Zhang, Ling", "Zhang, Qinge", "Cheung, Teris", "Ng, Chee H"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32032543", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520888, "title": "Clinical Analysis of 25 COVID-19 Infections in Children.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Bai, Ke", "Liu, Wenjun", "Liu, Chengjun", "Fu, Yueqiang", "Hu, Jun", "Qin, Yanran", "Zhang, Qiaoying", "Chen, Hongyan", "Xu, Feng", "Li, Changda"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520888", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the characteristics of clinical manifestations of children with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in Chongqing. All 25 children with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RNA-PCR) were admitted from the 4 designated treatment hospitals of 2019-nCoV in Chongqing from January 19 to March 12, 2020. Clinical data and epidemiologic history of these patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The diagnosis was confirmed through RNA-PCR testing. Among the 25 cases, 14 were males and 11 were females. The median age was 11.0 (6.3-14.5) years (range 0.6-17.0 years). All children were related to a family cluster outbreak, and 7 children (28%) with a travel or residence history in Hubei Province. These patients could be categorized into different clinical types, including 8 (32%) asymptomatic, 4 (16%) very mild cases and 13 (52%) common cases. No severe or critical cases were identified. The most common symptoms were cough (13 cases, 52%) and fever (6 cases, 24%). The duration time of clinical symptoms was 13.0 (8.0-25.0) days. In the 25 cases, on admission, 21 cases (84%) had normal white blood cell counts, while only 2 cases (8%) more than 10\u2009\u00d7\u200910/L and 2 cases (8%) less than 4\u2009\u00d7\u200910/L, respectively; 22 cases(88%) had normal CD4+ T lymphocyte counts, while in the remaining 3 cases(8%) this increased mildly; 23 cases had normal CD8+ T lymphocyte counts, while in the remaining 2 cases (8%) CD8+ T lymphocyte counts were mildly increased as well. All Lymphocyte counts were normal. There were no statistical differences of lab results between the groups of asymptomatic cases, mild cases and common cases. There were only 13 cases with abnormal CT imaging, most of which were located in the subpleural area of the bottom of the lung. All patients were treated with interferon, 6 cases combined with Ribavirin, and 12 cases combined with lopinavir or ritonavir. The days from onset to RNA turning negative was 15.20\u2009\u00b1\u20096.54 days. There was no significant difference of RNA turning negative between the groups of interferon, interferon plus ribavirin and interferon plus lopinavir or ritonavir treatment. All the cases recovered and were discharged from hospital. The morbidity of 2019-nCoV infection in children is lower than in adults and the clinical manifestations and inflammatory biomarkers in children are nonspecific and milder than that in adults. RNA-PCR test is still the most reliable diagnostic method, especially for asymptomatic patients."}, {"pmid": 32516035, "title": "Addressing COVID-19 Among People Experiencing Homelessness: Description, Adaptation, and Early Findings of a Multiagency Response in Boston.", "journal": "Public Health Rep", "authors": ["Baggett, Travis P", "Racine, Melanie W", "Lewis, Elizabeth", "De Las Nueces, Denise", "O'Connell, James J", "Bock, Barry", "Gaeta, Jessie M"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516035", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "People experiencing homelessness are at high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In March 2020, Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, in partnership with city and state public health agencies, municipal leaders, and homeless service providers, developed and implemented a citywide COVID-19 care model for this vulnerable population. Components included symptom screening at shelter front doors, expedited testing at pop-up sites, isolation and management venues for symptomatic people under investigation and for people with confirmed disease, quarantine venues for asymptomatic exposed people, and contact investigation and tracing. Real-time disease surveillance efforts in a large shelter outbreak of COVID-19 during the third week of operations illustrated the need for several adaptations to the care model to better respond to the local epidemiology of illness among people experiencing homelessness. Symptom screening was de-emphasized given the high number of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic infections discovered during mass testing; contact tracing and quarantining were phased out under the assumption of universal exposure among the sheltered population; and isolation and management venues were rapidly expanded to accommodate a surge in people with newly diagnosed COVID-19. During the first 6 weeks of operation, 429 of 1297 (33.1%) tested people were positive for COVID-19; of these, 395 people were experiencing homelessness at the time of testing, representing about 10% of the homeless adult population in Boston. Universal testing, as resources permit, is a focal point of ongoing efforts to mitigate the effect of COVID-19 on this vulnerable group of people."}, {"pmid": 32525828, "title": "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Nantong, China.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Lu, Renfei", "Qin, Jianru", "Wu, Yan", "Wang, Jian", "Huang, Shengyong", "Tian, Lijun", "Zhang, Tao", "Wu, Xiuming", "Huang, Songping", "Jin, Xia", "Zhang, Chiyu"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525828", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a newly emerging life-threatening respiratory disease caused by a newly identified coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. We included 28 COVID-19 patients admitted to Nantong Third Hospital from January 23 to February 26, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed using real-time RT-PCR. The demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory parameters were obtained from each patient. The vast majority (71.4%) of confirmed COVID-19 patients were brought in from outside of the city, and all others had contact history with these confirmed cases. The median age of patients was 50 years old and half had underlying diseases. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (96.4%), cough (67.9%), and chilly (28.6%), and 75.0% patients had two or more symptoms. Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum ferritin and C-reactive protein levels, and reduced absolute counts of total lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets were observed among the patients. The vast majority (85.7%) of patients showed bilateral or unilateral pneumonia, and three symptomatic patients and one asymptomatic case did not show abnormalities in their CT image. Among the 28 admitted patients, 24 were discharged as of February 26, 2020, with an average hospital stay of 14.96 (\u00b14.27) days, which was not significantly associated with the interval between the onset of symptoms and admission. In the absence of specific antiviral drugs or a vaccine, quarantine or isolation is the most effective intervention strategy for preventing the spread of the virus. Adequate supportive medical care is crucial for good prognosis of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32462344, "pmcid": "PMC7251798", "title": "Adapting Substance Use Treatment for HIV Affected Communities During COVID-19: Comparisons Between a Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Clinic and a Local Community Based Organization.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Rogers, Brooke G", "Arnold, Trisha", "Schierberl Scherr, Anna", "Strong, Sabrina H", "Holcomb, Rich", "Daley Ndoye, Colleen", "Pinkston, Megan", "Chan, Philip A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462344", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372892, "pmcid": "PMC7198091", "title": "Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Italian Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Soraci, Paolo", "Ferrari, Ambra", "Abbiati, Francesco A", "Del Fante, Elena", "De Pace, Rosanna", "Urso, Antonino", "Griffiths, Mark D"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372892", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The advent of COVID-19 worldwide has led to consequences for people's health, both physical and psychological, such as fear and anxiety. This is the case in Italy, one of the countries most affected by the pandemic. Given the heightened fear concerning COVID-19 in Italy., the present study analyzed the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). The sample comprised 250 Italian participants who were administered Italian versions of the FCV-19S, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Severity Measure for Specific Phobia-Adult (SMSP-A). Several psychometric tests were performed to investigate the validity and reliability of the test including confirmatory factor analysis. Analysis of the data showed satisfactory psychometric characteristics and confirmed the scale's unidimensional properties. The seven FCV-19S items had acceptable correlations with the test total (from .443 to .784). Furthermore, the loadings on the factor were significant and strong (from .684 to .897). The internal consistency was very good (\u03b1 = .871). Construct validity for the FCV-19S was supported by significant and positive correlations with the HADS (r=.649) and SMSP-A (r=.703). The Italian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale is valid and reliable in assessing fear of COVID-19 among the general Italian population."}, {"pmid": 32466736, "title": "Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke due to Large Vessel Occlusion With COVID-19: Experience From Paris.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Escalard, Simon", "Maier, Benjamin", "Redjem, Hocine", "Delvoye, Francois", "Hebert, Solene", "Smajda, Stanislas", "Ciccio, Gabriele", "Desilles, Jean-Philippe", "Mazighi, Mikael", "Blanc, Raphael", "Piotin, Michel"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466736", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Higher rates of strokes have been observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but data regarding the outcomes of COVID-19 patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) are lacking. We report our initial experience in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with LVO in patients with COVID-19. All consecutive patients with COVID-19 with acute ischemic stroke due to LVO treated in our institution during the 6 first weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak were included. Baseline clinical and radiological findings, treatment, and short-term outcomes are reported. We identified 10 patients with confirmed COVID-19 treated for an acute ischemic stroke due to LVO. Eight were men, with a median age of 59.5 years. Seven had none or mild symptoms of COVID-19 at stroke onset. Median time from COVID-19 symptoms to stroke onset was 6 days. All patients had brain imaging within 3 hours from symptoms onset. Five patients had multi-territory LVO. Five received intravenous alteplase. All patients had mechanical thrombectomy. Nine patients achieved successful recanalization (mTICI2B-3), none experienced early neurological improvement, 4 had early cerebral reocclusion, and a total of 6 patients (60%) died in the hospital. Best medical care including early intravenous thrombolysis, and successful and prompt recanalization achieved with mechanical thrombectomy, resulted in poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Although our results require further confirmation, a different pharmacological approach (antiplatelet or other) should be investigated to take in account inflammatory and coagulation disorders associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32354636, "pmcid": "PMC7194930", "title": "Blockade of SARS-CoV-2 infection by recombinant soluble ACE2.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Alhenc-Gelas, Francois", "Drueke, Tilman B"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354636", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448333, "pmcid": "PMC7245630", "title": "Emergency general surgery in Italy during the COVID-19 outbreak: first survey from the real life.", "journal": "World J Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Patriti, Alberto", "Baiocchi, Gian Luca", "Catena, Fausto", "Marini, Pierluigi", "Catarci, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448333", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly spread in Italy in late February 2020. Almost all surgical services have been reorganized, with the aim of maintaining an adequate therapeutic path, especially for surgical emergencies. The knowledge of how surgeons dealing with emergency surgery have reacted to the epidemic in the real life can be useful while drafting clinical recommendations. Surgeons from multiple Italian regions were invited answering to an online survey in order to make a snapshot of their current behaviors towards COVID-19-positive patients bearing urgent surgical diseases. Questions about institutional rules and personal approach for patient treatment and to limit epidemic spread were included in a 37-item questionnaire. Seventy-one questionnaires from institutions dealing with emergency surgery were accepted. Participating surgeons were equally subdivided from a geographical point of view, with a large proportion of public (97.2%) and non-academical (91.5%) centers. In 80.3% of cases, the hospitals treated COVID-19 patients; in 69.1% of centers, a change in work plan was necessary, and 33.8% of teams had almost a surgeon infected or in preventive quarantine. The vast majority of surgeons operated only on urgent cases (73.9%), but the number of interventions significantly dropped. Up to 40% of non-traumatic abdominal emergency cases had an unusual delayed treatment. The laparoscopic approach was used in 69.6% of interventions on COVID-19 patients. Strategies to protect health care workers against COVID-19 infection and to identify asymptomatic infected surgeons were suboptimal with respect to the WHO recommendations in 70.4% and 90.2% of centers, respectively. Advanced personal protective equipment for operating room workers was adopted for all surgeries in only 12.7% of centers. This survey confirms that the COVID-19 outbreak is dramatically changing the practice of emergency surgery centers in Italy. Despite the reduction in number, urgent cases were on average more challenging owing to diagnostic delay. Recommendations from the International Scientific Societies are frequently not complied concerning the use of laparoscopic approach, the availability of personal protective equipment in the operating rooms, and the testing of both asymptomatic physicians and patients scheduled for surgery. A further evaluation of the short-term results of these attitudes is warranted to modulate international recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32479778, "pmcid": "PMC7256524", "title": "Managing a radiotherapy center safely and efficiently using risk-adaptive strategies during coronavirus disease pandemic: Experience from national cancer center of China.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Bi, Nan", "Yi, Junlin", "Dai, Jianrong", "Wang, Shulian", "Zhou, Zongmei", "Men, Kuo", "Jin, Jing", "Gao, Shugeng", "Li, Ye-Xiong", "He, Jie"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479778", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32143502, "pmcid": "PMC7157630", "title": "Insights into the Recent 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Light of Past Human Coronavirus Outbreaks.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Ashour, Hossam M", "Elkhatib, Walid F", "Rahman, Md Masudur", "Elshabrawy, Hatem A"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32143502", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are RNA viruses that have become a major public health concern since the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (SARS-CoV) outbreak in 2002. The continuous evolution of coronaviruses was further highlighted with the emergence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV) outbreak in 2012. Currently, the world is concerned about the 2019 novel CoV (SARS-CoV-2) that was initially identified in the city of Wuhan, China in December 2019. Patients presented with severe viral pneumonia and respiratory illness. The number of cases has been mounting since then. As of late February 2020, tens of thousands of cases and several thousand deaths have been reported in China alone, in addition to thousands of cases in other countries. Although the fatality rate of SARS-CoV-2 is currently lower than SARS-CoV, the virus seems to be highly contagious based on the number of infected cases to date. In this review, we discuss structure, genome organization, entry of CoVs into target cells, and provide insights into past and present outbreaks. The future of human CoV outbreaks will not only depend on how the viruses will evolve, but will also depend on how we develop efficient prevention and treatment strategies to deal with this continuous threat."}, {"pmid": 32053580, "pmcid": "PMC7017960", "title": "Erratum: Vol. 69, No. 5.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32053580", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348380, "pmcid": "PMC7176069", "title": "Trends and Prediction in Daily New Cases and Deaths of COVID-19 in the United States: An Internet Search-Interest Based Model.", "journal": "Explor Res Hypothesis Med", "authors": ["Yuan, Xiaoling", "Xu, Jie", "Hussain, Sabiha", "Wang, He", "Gao, Nan", "Zhang, Lanjing"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348380", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The daily incidence and deaths of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the USA are poorly understood. Internet search interest was found to be correlated with COVID-19 daily incidence in China, but has not yet been applied to the USA. Therefore, we examined the association of internet search-interest with COVID-19 daily incidence and deaths in the USA. We extracted COVID-19 daily new cases and deaths in the USA from two population-based datasets, namely 1-point-3-acres.com and the Johns Hopkins COVID-19 data repository. The internet search-interest of COVID-19-related terms was obtained using Google Trends. The Pearson correlation test and general linear model were used to examine correlations and predict trends, respectively. There were 636,282 new cases and,325 deaths of COVID-19 in the USA from March 1 to April 15, 2020, with a crude mortality of 4.45%. The daily new cases peaked at 35,098 cases on April 10, 2020 and the daily deaths peaked at 2,494 on April 15, 2020. The search interest of COVID, \"COVID pneumonia\" and \"COVID heart\" were correlated with COVID-19 daily incidence, with 12 or 14 days of delay (Pearson's r = 0.978, 0.978 and 0.979, respectively) and deaths with 19 days of delay (Pearson's r = 0.963, 0.958 and 0.970, respectively). The 7-day follow-up with prospectively collected data showed no significant correlations of the observed data with the predicted daily new cases or daily deaths, using search interest of COVID, COVID heart, and COVID pneumonia. Search terms related to COVID-19 are highly correlated with the COVID-19 daily new cases and deaths in the USA."}, {"pmid": 32416433, "pmcid": "PMC7201225", "title": "Metronomic oral vinorelbine and lung cancer therapy during the COVID 19 pandemic: A single-center experience.", "journal": "Lung Cancer", "authors": ["Rossi, David"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416433", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID 19 pandemic is a worldwide health emergency. Every single Hospital and Department was forced to radically modify clinical practice decreasing or stopping daily activities. Oncological patients had to carry on treatments in order to prevent disease progression and improve their quality of life. However, many health workers may be a potential source of infection if not tested with swabs but this diagnostic procedure was not suitable universally in Italy. Aiming to reduce hospitalization of our patients with advanced lung cancer, vinorelbine in its metronomic formulation is one of the best strategy. Here, we report the experience with oral vinorelbine in a few patients of our Oncology Department."}, {"pmid": 32333494, "pmcid": "PMC7267367", "title": "Racial Variations in COVID-19 Deaths May Be Due to Androgen Receptor Genetic Variants Associated with Prostate Cancer and Androgenetic Alopecia. Are Anti-Androgens a Potential Treatment for COVID-19?", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["McCoy, John", "Wambier, Carlos G", "Vano-Galvan, Sergio", "Shapiro, Jerry", "Sinclair, Rodney", "Muller Ramos, Paulo", "Washenik, Kenneth", "Andrade, Murilo", "Herrera, Sabina", "Goren, Andy"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333494", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470620, "pmcid": "PMC7255262", "title": "Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicating SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: A diagnostic challenge.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Antinori, Spinello", "Rech, Roberto", "Galimberti, Laura", "Castelli, Antonio", "Angeli, Elena", "Fossali, Tommaso", "Bernasconi, Davide", "Covizzi, Alice", "Bonazzetti, Cecilia", "Torre, Alessandro", "Carsana, Luca", "Tonello, Cristina", "Zerbi, Pietro", "Nebuloni, Manuela"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470620", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348818, "pmcid": "PMC7195137", "title": "Risks of hydroxychloroquine use for COVID-19 prophylaxis.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Sachdeva, Muskaan", "Shah, Monica", "Ziv, Michael", "Leshem, Eyal", "Dodiuk-Gad, Roni P"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348818", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222091, "title": "Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo Hospital at the time of the COVID-19 outbreak: letter from the warfront.", "journal": "Int J Lab Hematol", "authors": ["Buoro, Sabrina", "Di Marco, Fabiano", "Rizzi, Marco", "Fabretti, Fabrizio", "Lorini, Ferdinando Luca", "Cesa, Simonetta", "Fagiuoli, Stefano"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222091", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was identified as the agent responsible for the first pneumonia cases of unknown origin in Wuhan, the capital of the Hubei region in China. The virus has been identified as a novel enveloped RNA betacoronavirus2 , that has been promptly named SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). The World Health Organization (WHO), on January 12, 2020 declared the COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern. On March 11, the WHO made the assessment that COVID-19 can be characterized as a pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32420956, "title": "History repeating. The plague of 1630 in Milan and the COVID-19 pandemia.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Ciulla, Michele M"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420956", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In western democracies, individual behaviour will be crucial to control the spread of COVID-19, as well as government actions [1] that unfortunately, except China, South Korea and Italy, followed by others,\u00a0 seems to be generally unconvinced and, speculatively, late. Indeed human history has been marked by epidemics/pandemics which have affected, more or less, large geographical areas [2]. Italy, as well as the rest of Europe, has often been affected by these phenomena and, Lombardy, due to his position, was, as today by COVID-19, severely stroked in Italy that is, after China, the second most affected country [3]. This is also linked to the position of Lombardy and its capital, Milan, but this is beyond this brief comment. There are several differences between the past plagues and the actual COVID-19 pandemic and these must be sought in the increased ability to transmit diseases at-distance through the mobility of humans and goods [4], and in the catastrophic consequences of the breakdown of ecosystems, as told, a few years ago, by David Quammen in the book Spillover [5]."}, {"pmid": 32371528, "title": "Investigation on cognition of covid-19 and safety during the pandemic among hospital pharmacy staff.", "journal": "Eur J Hosp Pharm", "authors": ["He, Yan", "Li, Wei", "Liu, Dong"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371528", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387383, "pmcid": "PMC7199726", "title": "Acute urticaria with angioedema in the setting of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Adelino, Raquel", "Andres-Cordon, Joan F", "Aracelis De La Cruz Martinez, Cinthia"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387383", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360482, "title": "NSAIDs in patients with viral infections, including Covid-19: Victims or perpetrators?", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Capuano, Annalisa", "Scavone, Cristina", "Racagni, Giorgio", "Scaglione, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360482", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Taking anti-inflammatory drugs, including non-steroidal (NSAIDs), during Covid-19 infection, how much is risky? The French Minister of Health, who has raised an alarm on a possible risk deriving from the use of ibuprofen for the control of fever and other symptoms during the disease, opened the debate a few days ago. In this paper we examine available evidence from preclinical and clinical studies that had analysed the role of COX in the inflammatory process and the effects of NSAIDs in patients with infections. Most of the published studies that suggested not protective effects of NSAIDs were mainly performed in vitro or on animals. Therefore, their meaning in humans is to be considered with great caution. Based also on data suggesting protective effects of NSAIDs, we concluded that currently there is no evidence suggesting a correlation between NSAIDs and a worsening of infections. Further studies will be certainly needed to better define the role of NSAIDs and particularly COX2 inhibitors in patients with infections. In the meantime, we must wait for results of the revision started by the PRAC on May 2019 on the association ibuprofen/ketoprofen\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b and worsening of infections. Since nowadays no scientific evidence establishes a correlation between NSAIDS and worsening of COVID-19, patients should be advice against any NSAIDs self-medication when COVID-19 like symptoms are present."}, {"pmid": 32220289, "pmcid": "PMC7159059", "title": "Early in the epidemic: impact of preprints on global discourse about COVID-19 transmissibility.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Majumder, Maimuna S", "Mandl, Kenneth D"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220289", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386057, "pmcid": "PMC7239181", "title": "3D-Printing to Address COVID-19 Testing Supply Shortages.", "journal": "Lab Med", "authors": ["Cox, Jesse L", "Koepsell, Scott A"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386057", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has placed immense pressure on supply chains, including shortages in nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs. Here, we report our experience of using 3D-printing to rapidly develop and deploy custom-made NP swabs to address supply shortages at our healthcare institution."}, {"pmid": 32495582, "title": "[Suggestions on design of evidence-based traditional Chinese medicine clinical study for new public health emergencies].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Lian-Xin", "Xie, Yan-Ming"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495582", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) has occurred for 2 months, and seriously affected the people's health in the world. Therefore, scientific prevention and control strategies and effective intervention measures are the only ways to solve the world problem. In the determination of intervention measures, not only the effectiveness evaluation, but also accessibility, treatment cost, inventory and production capacity and other relevant sociological issues shall be considered, especially in low and middle-income countries and regions. With the introduction of clinical epidemiological experiment design and evidence-based medicine evidence evaluation into the evaluation of curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), TCM has officially entered the studies of syndrome regularity of new public health emergencies(such as SARS and influenza) clearly diagnosed by modern medicine for many years, as well as the development of relevant guidelines, consensus and paths. The results of curative effect show that TCM could significantly alleviate symptoms, control disease and tendency, reduce the occurrence of critical illness, and improve the clinical efficacy and the prognosis and quality of life of patients, which fully reflects the consciousness and self-confidence of traditional Chinese medicine workers. For the evidence-based evaluation of TCM intervention in new public health emergencies, the basic principles and general methods of clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine shall be followed to obtain high-quality evidence; besides, we shall also fully realize that clinical scientific study is carried out with the epidemic treatment as the primary task. The scientific hypothesis comes from the clinical problems unsolved. The scientific study conclusions aim to give feedbacks to clinical diagnosis and treatment regimens. The core elements of clinical trials are population(P), intervention(I), control(C), outcome(O), which are abbreviated as &quot;PICO&quot;. The evaluation of intervention measures for new public health emergencies with traditional Chinese medicine shall have clear study objectives and a high quality, with a correct analysis method as the guarantee of real and reliable results. Then, the selection of patients, the de-finition of intervention measures and control measures, the development of end-point indicators, the clinical quality control under special epidemics, the data verification, and the data analysis methods to be adopted are all characteristics and key points that need special consideration. It is suggested that scientific experimental design, rigorous collection and scientific data analysis shall be conducted to reflect the therapeutic value of traditional Chinese medicine, so that the study results could be adopted and shared, and become the scientific evidence for China and even the global to republish the diagnosis and treatment regimens."}, {"pmid": 32529795, "title": "Detection of viral SARS-CoV-2 genomes and histopathological changes in endomyocardial biopsies.", "journal": "ESC Heart Fail", "authors": ["Escher, Felicitas", "Pietsch, Heiko", "Aleshcheva, Ganna", "Bock, Thomas", "Baumeier, Christian", "Elsaesser, Albrecht", "Wenzel, Philip", "Hamm, Christian", "Westenfeld, Ralph", "Schultheiss, Maximilian", "Gross, Ulrich", "Morawietz, Lars", "Schultheiss, Heinz-Peter"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529795", "countries": ["China", "Germany"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly throughout China and keeps the world in suspense. Cardiovascular complications with myocarditis and embolism due to COVID-19 have been reported. SARS-CoV-2 genome detection in the heart muscle has not been demonstrated so far, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain to be investigated. Endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) of 104 patients (mean age: 57.90\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.37\u00a0years; left ventricular ejection fraction: 33.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.6%, sex: n\u00a0=\u00a079 male/25 female) with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart failure were analysed. EMB analysis included histology, immunohistochemistry, and detection of SARS-CoV-2 genomes by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in the IKDT Berlin, Germany. Among 104 EMBs investigated, five were confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infected by reverse real-time transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We describe patients of different history of symptoms and time duration. Additionally, we investigated histopathological changes in myocardial tissue showing that the inflammatory process in EMBs seemed to permeate vascular wall leading to small arterial obliteration and damage. This is the first report that established the evidence of SARS-CoV-2 genomes detection in EMBs. In these patients, myocardial injury ischaemia may play a role, which could explain the ubiquitous troponin increases. EMB-based identification of the cause of myocardial injury may contribute to explain the different evolution of complicated SARS-CoV-2-infection and to design future specific and personalized treatment strategies."}, {"pmid": 32470688, "pmcid": "PMC7242204", "title": "COVID-19 lockdown measures reveal human impact on water transparency in the Venice Lagoon.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Braga, Federica", "Scarpa, Gian Marco", "Brando, Vittorio Ernesto", "Manfe, Giorgia", "Zaggia, Luca"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470688", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lagoon of Venice has always been affected by the regional geomorphological evolution, anthropogenic stressors and global changes. Different morphological settings and variable biogeophysical conditions characterize this continuously evolving system that rapidly responds to the anthropic impacts. When the lockdown measures were enforced in Italy to control the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on March 10th 2020, the ordinary urban water traffic around Venice, one of the major pressures in the lagoon, came to a halt. This provided a unique opportunity to analyse the environmental effects of restrictions to mobility on water transparency. Pseudo true-colour composites Sentinel-2 satellite imagery proved useful for qualitative visual interpretation, showing the reduction of the vessel traffic and their wakes from the periods before and during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. A quantitative analysis of suspended matter patterns, based on satellite-derived turbidity, in the absence of traffic perturbations, allowed to focus on natural processes and the residual stress from human activities that continued throughout the lockdown. We conclude that the high water transparency can be considered as a transient condition determined by a combination of natural seasonal factors and the effects of COVID-19 restrictions."}, {"pmid": 32221970, "title": "Consensus guidelines for managing the airway in patients with COVID-19: Guidelines from the Difficult Airway Society, the Association of Anaesthetists the Intensive Care Society, the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine and the Royal College of Anaesthetists.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Cook, T M", "El-Boghdadly, K", "McGuire, B", "McNarry, A F", "Patel, A", "Higgs, A"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221970", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is highly contagious. Airway management of patients with COVID-19 is high risk to staff and patients. We aimed to develop principles for airway management of patients with COVID-19 to encourage safe, accurate and swift performance. This consensus statement has been brought together at short notice to advise on airway management for patients with COVID-19, drawing on published literature and immediately available information from clinicians and experts. Recommendations on the prevention of contamination of healthcare workers, the choice of staff involved in airway management, the training required and the selection of equipment are discussed. The fundamental principles of airway management in these settings are described for: emergency tracheal intubation; predicted or unexpected difficult tracheal intubation; cardiac arrest; anaesthetic care; and tracheal extubation. We provide figures to support clinicians in safe airway management of patients with COVID-19. The advice in this document is designed to be adapted in line with local workplace policies."}, {"pmid": 32285915, "pmcid": "PMC7184501", "title": "Typical takotsubo syndrome triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Meyer, Philippe", "Degrauwe, Sophie", "Van Delden, Christian", "Ghadri, Jelena-Rima", "Templin, Christian"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285915", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400146, "title": "Triage of functional, female and neuro-urology patients during and immediately after the Covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Minerva Urol Nefrol", "authors": ["Finazzi Agro, Enrico", "Farullo, Giuseppe", "Balzarro, Matteo", "Del Popolo, Giulio", "Giannantoni, Antonella", "Herms, Achim", "Li Marzi, Vincenzo", "Musco, Stefania", "Giammo, Alessandro", "Costantini, Elisabetta"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324709, "pmcid": "PMC7195847", "title": "The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "authors": ["Wright, Rick W", "Armstrong, April D", "Azar, Frederick M", "Bednar, Michael S", "Carpenter, James E", "Evans, Jack B", "Flynn, John M", "Garvin, Kevin L", "Jacobs, Joshua J", "Kang, James D", "Lundy, Douglas W", "Mencio, Gregory A", "Murray, Peter M", "Nelson, Charles L", "Peabody, Terrance", "Porter, Scott E", "Roberson, James R", "Saltzman, Charles L", "Sebastianelli, Wayne J", "Taitsman, Lisa A", "Van Heest, Ann E", "Martin, David F"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324709", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted every aspect of society in a way never previously experienced by our nation's orthopaedic surgeons. In response to the challenges the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery has taken steps to adapt our Board Certification and Continuous Certification processes. These changes were made to provide flexibility for as many Candidates and Diplomates as possible to participate while maintaining our high standards. The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery is first and foremost committed to the safety and well-being of our patients, physicians, and families while striving to remain responsive to the changing circumstances affecting our Candidates and Diplomates."}, {"pmid": 32479858, "pmcid": "PMC7256520", "title": "Challenges and Lessons for Managing Glaucoma during COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from Asia.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Husain, Rahat", "Zhang, Xiulan", "Aung, Tin"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479858", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416207, "pmcid": "PMC7235584", "title": "The risk of respiratory tract infections and symptoms in psoriasis patients treated with IL-17-pathway inhibiting biologics: A meta-estimate of pivotal trials relevant to decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Wan, Marilyn T", "Shin, Daniel B", "Winthrop, Kevin L", "Gelfand, Joel M"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416207", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395425, "pmcid": "PMC7212974", "title": "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum occurring in the SARS-COV-2 infection.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Kolani, Sylvie", "Nawfal, Houari", "Haloua, Meryem", "Lamrani, Youssef Alaoui", "Boubbou, Meryem", "Serraj, Mounia", "Aamara, Bouchra", "Maaroufi, Mustapha", "Alami, Badreeddine"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395425", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the case of a 23\u2009year old female admitted for management of infection by the SARS-COV-2. The chest CT found a spontaneous pneumomediastinum that resorbed over 7 days with a good clinical outcome. We will discuss the mechanism underlying the occurrence of spontaneous pneumomediastinum during a COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32496395, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and Lacrimal Practice: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nasal Endoscopy and Dacryoendoscopy.", "journal": "Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg", "authors": ["Ali, Mohammad Javed"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496395", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335933, "pmcid": "PMC7267554", "title": "Impact of Potential COVID-19 Treatment on South African Water Sources Already Threatened by Pharmaceutical Pollution.", "journal": "Environ Toxicol Chem", "authors": ["Horn, Suranie", "Vogt, Bianca", "Pieters, Rialet", "Bouwman, Hindrik", "Bezuidenhout, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335933", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386564, "pmcid": "PMC7252104", "title": "Access to lifesaving medical resources for African countries: COVID-19 testing and response, ethics, and politics.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Kavanagh, Matthew M", "Erondu, Ngozi A", "Tomori, Oyewale", "Dzau, Victor J", "Okiro, Emelda A", "Maleche, Allan", "Aniebo, Ifeyinwa C", "Rugege, Umunya", "Holmes, Charles B", "Gostin, Lawrence O"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386564", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359422, "title": "Phone-based data collection in a refugee community under COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Chen, Alexandra", "Tossyeh, Fadila", "Arnous, Maguy", "Saleh, Ahmad", "El Hassan, Ahmed", "Saade, Joy", "Miller, Kenneth E"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504025, "title": "High-profile coronavirus retractions raise concerns about data oversight.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ledford, Heidi", "Van Noorden, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504025", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32085849, "pmcid": "PMC7129231", "title": "The first Vietnamese case of COVID-19 acquired from China.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Van Cuong, Le", "Giang, Hoang Thi Nam", "Linh, Le Khac", "Shah, Jaffer", "Van Sy, Le", "Hung, Trinh Huu", "Reda, Abdullah", "Truong, Luong Ngoc", "Tien, Do Xuan", "Huy, Nguyen Tien"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32085849", "countries": ["China", "Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324622, "pmcid": "PMC7188041", "title": "Restructuring Electrophysiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Practical Guide from a New York City Hospital Network.", "journal": "Crit Pathw Cardiol", "authors": ["Rubin, Geoffrey A", "Wan, Elaine Y", "Saluja, Deepak", "Thomas, George", "Slotwiner, David J", "Goldbarg, Seth", "Chaudhary, Salma", "Turitto, Gioia", "Dizon, Jose", "Yarmohammadi, Hirad", "Ehlert, Frederick", "Rubin, David A", "Morrow, John P", "Waase, Marc", "Berman, Jeremy", "Kushnir, Alexander", "Abrams, Mark P", "Halik, Carolyn", "Kumaraiah, Deepa", "Schwartz, Allan", "Kirtane, Ajay", "Kodali, Susheel", "Goldenthal, Isaac", "Garan, Hasan", "Biviano, Angelo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324622", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 crisis is a global pandemic of a novel infectious disease with far-ranging public health implications. With regard to cardiac electrophysiology (EP) services, we discuss the \"real-world\" challenges and solutions that have been essential for efficient and successful (i) ramping down of standard clinical practice patterns and (ii) pivoting of workflow processes to meet the demands of this pandemic. The aims of these recommendations are to outline: (1) essential practical steps to approaching procedures, as well as outpatient and inpatient care of EP patients, with relevant examples, (2) successful strategies to minimize exposure risk to patients and clinical staff while also balancing resource utilization, (3) challenges related to redeployment and restructuring of clinical and support staff, and (4) considerations regarding continued collaboration with clinical and administrative colleagues in order to implement these changes. While process changes will vary across practices and hospital systems, we believe that these experiences from four different EP sections in a large New York city hospital network currently based in the global epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic will prove useful for other EP practices adapting their own practices in preparation for local surges."}, {"pmid": 32362468, "pmcid": "PMC7190478", "title": "Cancer surgery in a time of COVID-19: Many questions, few certainties.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Ghignone, F", "Mohan, H M", "Montroni, I"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362468", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420821, "title": "Animal (Non-human) Companionship for Adults Aging in Place during COVID-19: A Critical Support, a Source of Concern and Potential for Social Work Responses.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Rauktis, Mary E", "Hoy-Gerlach, Janet"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420821", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212881, "pmcid": "PMC7117596", "title": "Controversies about COVID-19 and anticancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.", "journal": "Immunotherapy", "authors": ["Bersanelli, Melissa"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212881", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417619, "pmcid": "PMC7214291", "title": "Transportation of intubated COVID-19 patients: Bain circuit with underwater seal system is an option to prevent aerosol transmission.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kumar, Amarjeet", "Kumar, Ajeet", "Kumar, Neeraj", "Sinha, Chandni", "Kumar, Abhyuday"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312129, "pmcid": "PMC7196922", "title": "The role of additive manufacturing and antimicrobial polymers in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Expert Rev Med Devices", "authors": ["Zuniga, Jorge M", "Cortes, Aaron"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312129", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498115, "title": "COVID-19: Lessons to be learnt from a once-in-a-century global pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Cruickshank, Marilyn", "Shaban, Ramon Z"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498115", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The year 2020 will mark a once-in-a-century global event: the outbreak and pandemic of COVID-19. On the 31 December 2019 the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a cluster of pneumonia-like cases of a novel coronavirus zoonosis in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The outbreak was due to a new or novel coronavirus, which would later be called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)."}, {"pmid": 32371048, "pmcid": "PMC7196529", "title": "Mental health care for pregnant women in the COVID-19 outbreak is urgently needed.", "journal": "Women Birth", "authors": ["Zeng, Liang-Nan", "Chen, Li-Gang", "Yang, Chang-Mei", "Zeng, Li-Ping", "Zhang, Li-Ying", "Peng, Tang-Ming"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371048", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363243, "pmcid": "PMC7194647", "title": "Palliative Radiotherapy for Oncologic Emergencies in the setting of COVID-19: Approaches to Balancing Risks and Benefits.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Yerramilli, Divya", "Xu, Amy J", "Gillespie, Erin F", "Shepherd, Annemarie F", "Beal, Kathryn", "Gomez, Daniel", "Yamada, Josh", "Tsai, C Jillian", "Yang, T Jonathan"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363243", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298525, "pmcid": "PMC7231513", "title": "A Policy to Do Better Next Time: Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "ACR Open Rheumatol", "authors": ["Yelin, Edward", "Katz, Patti", "Banks, Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298525", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215461, "pmcid": "PMC7094046", "title": "The value of mitigating epidemic peaks of COVID-19 for more effective public health responses.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Villela, Daniel Antunes Maciel"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215461", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283139, "pmcid": "PMC7151261", "title": "Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wang, Zhongliang", "Ma, Wanli", "Zheng, Xin", "Wu, Gang", "Zhang, Ruiguang"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283139", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused an epidemic in China and many other countries. Many infected clusters have been found within familial households, but the data about secondary transmission among household contacts is limited. In this retrospective case series, we enrolled 85 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and their household members in Wuhan. Patients were confirmed infected with SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays on throat swabs. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data of the household members were collected. There were 155 close contacts in total. 104 contacts received RT-PCR assays, with 47 (30%) positive cases and 57 (37%) negative cases. 51 (33%) cases did not received RT-PCR tests for they showed no symptoms of pneumonia during the 2 weeks of quarantine. The infection rate of close contacts was 38% for households with 1 contact, 50% for households with 2 contacts, and 31% for households with 3 contacts. The rate of secondary transmission among household contacts of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 30%. Our data provide insight into the rate of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in home."}, {"pmid": 32339915, "pmcid": "PMC7165093", "title": "Anti-CD20 immunosuppressive disease-modifying therapies and COVID-19.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Giovannoni, Gavin"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339915", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346359, "pmcid": "PMC7185265", "title": "Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Harper, Craig A", "Satchell, Liam P", "Fido, Dean", "Latzman, Robert D"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346359", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current context of the global pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), health professionals are working with social scientists to inform government policy on how to slow the spread of the virus. An increasing amount of social scientific research has looked at the role of public message framing, for instance, but few studies have thus far examined the role of individual differences in emotional and personality-based variables in predicting virus-mitigating behaviors. In this study, we recruited a large international community sample (N\u2009=\u2009324) to complete measures of self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, fear of the virus, moral foundations, political orientation, and behavior change in response to the pandemic. Consistently, the only predictor of positive behavior change (e.g., social distancing, improved hand hygiene) was fear of COVID-19, with no effect of politically relevant variables. We discuss these data in relation to the potentially functional nature of fear in global health crises."}, {"pmid": 32464110, "pmcid": "PMC7247781", "title": "Human rights protections are needed alongside PPE for health-care workers responding to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Amon, Joseph J"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464110", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282871, "pmcid": "PMC7175423", "title": "Inflammatory Response Cells During Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Yulin", "Gao, Yuxue", "Qiao, Luxin", "Wang, Wenjing", "Chen, Dexi"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282871", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306790, "title": "Preparing hospitals for coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Hosp Pract (1995)", "authors": ["Jasper, Edward"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306790", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281331, "title": "[Analysis on pattern of prescriptions and syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine for prevention and treatment of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Pang, Wen-Tai", "Jin, Xin-Yao", "Pang, Bo", "Yang, Feng-Wen", "Wang, Hui", "Liu, Chun-Xiang", "Zheng, Wen-Ke", "Zhang, Jun-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281331", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the regularity of prescription and clinical syndromes by analyzing the diagnosis and treatment protocols of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), so as to provide references for syndrome differentiation and relevant researches. The diagnosis and treatment protocols of COVID-19 published by national and regional health authorities were searched, and information was extracted in regard to disease stages, type of syndromes, and prescriptions, etc. Frequency statistics and relative analysis were used to analyze the rule of syndrome differentiation and prescription with TCM, and further discussion on the pathogenesis and progress of the disease. A total of 26 diagnosis and treatment protocols of TCM for COVID-19 were retrieved after screening(including 1 national scheme and 25 regional ones), among which 16 contained aspects of both prevention and treatment, 7 only involved treatment contents and 3 were prevention schemes. The courses of COVID-19 can be divided into early stage, middle stage, severe stage and recovery stage. The pathogeny of COVID-19 in TCM is damp-toxin, with the core pathogenesis of damp-toxin retention in lung and Qi repression. Its pathological features can be summarized as &quot;damp, toxin, obstruction, deficiency&quot;. The location of the disease is lung, always involving spleen and stomach, and may further affect heart and kidney in severe cases. The major treatments for each course are Fanghua Shizuo, Xuanfei Touxie(early stage); Qingre Jiedu, Xuanxie Feire(middle stage); Kaibi Gutuo, Huiyang Jiuni(severe stage); Qingjie Yure, Yiqi Yangyin(recovery stage). There were many diagnosis and treatment protocols for COVID-19 have been published, which generally followed the national edition, through with certain personalities in different regional protocols. There were common features with respect to the disease stage, syndrome differentiation, therapeutic principles and methods, as well as prescriptions; the treatment were generally carried out against the core pathogenesis and progress of the disease. Along with the deepening recognition of COVID-19, the diagnosis and treatment protocols are still need further concretization and standardization. We hope researchers and decision-makers can pay more attention to the treatment of Huayu Tongluo in severe and recovery period."}, {"pmid": 32387540, "pmcid": "PMC7204712", "title": "How To Maximize Trainee Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from Around the World.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Keswani, Rajesh N", "Sethi, Amrita", "Repici, Alessandro", "Messman, Helmut", "Chiu, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387540", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404716, "title": "A case of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection in Singapore.", "journal": "J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr", "authors": ["Louisa, Sun Jin", "Lin Serene, Wong Xin", "Gollamudi, Satya"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404716", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456878, "pmcid": "PMC7211668", "title": "[Skin lesions in a patient with SARS-COV-2 infection].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Ortiz Madinaveitia, Saturnino", "Penalver Penedo, Rafael", "Romero Gil, Ruth", "Serrano Madrid, Maria Luisa"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456878", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430493, "title": "24th Collegium Ramazzini statement. Prevention of work-related infection in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Occup Med Environ Health", "authors": ["Ramazzini Bologna Italy, Collegium"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430493", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229131, "pmcid": "PMC7195289", "title": "Considerations in performing endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Soetikno, Roy", "Teoh, Anthony Y B", "Kaltenbach, Tonya", "Lau, James Y W", "Asokkumar, Ravishankar", "Cabral-Prodigalidad, Patricia", "Shergill, Amandeep"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229131", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461492, "title": "COVID-19: Ophthalmic prophylactic and therapeutic measures.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Waikar, Shrikant", "Oli, Avadhesh"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461492", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406638, "title": "[Diagnostic algorithm for COVID-19 at the ER].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Dofferhoff, A S M", "Swinkels, A", "Sprong, T", "Berk, Y", "Spanbroek, M", "Nabuurs-Franssen, M H", "Vermaat, M", "van de Kerkhof, B", "Willekens, M H C", "Voss, A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406638", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evaluation of a diagnostic algorithm for estimating the risk of COVID-19 in patients who are referred to an emergency department for being suspected of having the disease. Retrospective study. Patients with fever with no apparent cause and patients with recently developed respiratory symptoms, whether or not in combination with fever, were routinely given a PCR test, blood tests (lymphocyte count and LDH levels) and a chest CT scan. The CT scan was assessed according to the CO-RADS classification. Based on the findings, the patients were divided into 3 cohorts (proven COVID-19, strong suspicion of COVID-19, and low suspicion of COVID-19) and the appropriate isolation measures were taken. In the period from 8 to 31 March 2020, the algorithm was applied to 312 patients. COVID-19 was proven for 69 (22%) patients. COVID-19 was strongly suspected for 151 (48%) patients and suspicion was low for the remaining 92 (29%) patients. The percentage of patients with positive PCR results and the percentage of patients with abnormal laboratory test results increased as the CO-RADS score increased. Among patients with a CO-RADS score of 4 or 5, this percentage increased further when they also had lymphopenia or elevated LDH levels. We have adjusted the flowchart based on our findings. In case of patients who have been referred to an emergency department for suspected COVID-19, a good COVID-19 risk assessment can be made on the basis of clinical signs, laboratory abnormalities and low-dose CT scans. Even before the results of the PCR test are known and even if the results are negative, patients can be classified as 'proven COVID-19 patients' using the algorithm."}, {"pmid": 32450943, "title": "Loneliness and Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Hwang, Tzung-Jeng", "Rabheru, Kiran", "Peisah, Carmelle", "Reichman, William", "Ikeda, Manabu"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450943", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Loneliness and social isolation are associated with adverse physical and psychological consequences which are particularly prevalent in older persons. During this unprecedented time of the COVID-19 pandemic, we must follow social distancing guidelines to protect ourselves and to reduce the spread of coronavirus. At the same time, it is crucial to maintain social connections with each other, especially with older persons, to help cope and reduce the negative consequences of loneliness and social isolation. It is important to develop new strategies (e.g. virtual health care and new government policy) to address loneliness and social isolation among older adults for the post-pandemic era."}, {"pmid": 32339231, "pmcid": "PMC7197553", "title": "Epidemiological characteristics and incubation period of 7,015 confirmed cases with Coronavirus Disease 2019 outside Hubei Province in China.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nie, Xiuquan", "Fan, Lieyang", "Mu, Ge", "Tan, Qiyou", "Wang, Mengyi", "Xie, Yujia", "Cao, Limin", "Zhou, Min", "Zhang, Zhuang", "Chen, Weihong"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339231", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 broke out in Wuhan in December 2019. We utilized confirmed cases outside Hubei Province to analyze epidemiologic characteristics and evaluate the effect of traffic restrictions implemented in Hubei beginning on January 23, 2020. Information on 7,015 confirmed cases from January 19 to February 8, 2020, in all provinces outside Hubei was collected from the national and local health commissions in China. Incubation period and interval times were calculated using dates of the following events: contact with an infected person, onset, first visit and diagnosis. We evaluated changes in incubation period and interval times. The average age of all cases was 44.24 years old. The median incubation period was 5 days and extended from 2 days on January 23 to 15 days on February 8. The proportion of imported cases decreased from 85.71% to 33.19% after January 23. In addition, the lengths of the intervals between onset and diagnosis, onset and first visit, and first visit and diagnosis decreased over time. Rapidly transmitting COVID-19 has a short incubation period. The onset mainly occurs among young to middle-aged adults. Traffic restrictions played an important role in the decreased number of imported cases outside Hubei."}, {"pmid": 32369541, "pmcid": "PMC7240841", "title": "Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Chou, Roger", "Dana, Tracy", "Buckley, David I", "Selph, Shelley", "Fu, Rongwei", "Totten, Annette M"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369541", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health care workers (HCWs) are at risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To examine the burden of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV on HCWs and risk factors for infection, using rapid and living review methods. Multiple electronic databases including the WHO Database of Publications on Coronavirus Disease and medRxiv preprint server (2003 through 27 March 2020, with ongoing surveillance through 24 April 2020), and reference lists. Studies published in any language reporting incidence of or outcomes associated with coronavirus infections in HCWs and studies on the association between risk factors (demographic characteristics, role, exposures, environmental and administrative factors, and personal protective equipment [PPE] use) and HCW infections. New evidence will be incorporated on an ongoing basis by using living review methods. One reviewer abstracted data and assessed methodological limitations; verification was done by a second reviewer. 64 studies met inclusion criteria; 43 studies addressed burden of HCW infections (15 on SARS-CoV-2), and 34 studies addressed risk factors (3 on SARS-CoV-2). Health care workers accounted for a significant proportion of coronavirus infections and may experience particularly high infection incidence after unprotected exposures. Illness severity was lower than in non-HCWs. Depression, anxiety, and psychological distress were common in HCWs during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. The strongest evidence on risk factors was on PPE use and decreased infection risk. The association was most consistent for masks but was also observed for gloves, gowns, eye protection, and handwashing; evidence suggested a dose-response relationship. No study evaluated PPE reuse. Certain exposures (such as involvement in intubations, direct patient contact, or contact with bodily secretions) were associated with increased infection risk. Infection control training was associated with decreased risk. There were few studies on risk factors for SARS-CoV-2, the studies had methodological limitations, and streamlined rapid review methods were used. Health care workers experience significant burdens from coronavirus infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Use of PPE and infection control training are associated with decreased infection risk, and certain exposures are associated with increased risk. World Health Organization."}, {"pmid": 32365049, "title": "Tracheostomy during novel corona virus pandemic.", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Perenyi, Adam", "Sztano, Balazs", "Bella, Zsolt", "Szegesdi, Ilona", "Csanady, Miklos", "Kelemen, Eva", "Babik, Barna", "Rovo, Laszlo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365049", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, 6 percent of COVID-19 patients required prolonged mechanical ventilation due to severe respiratory failure. Early tracheostomy prevents the risk of postintubation upper airway stenosis. In the pandemic, all surgical interventions that generate aerosol increase the risk of contamination of the medical staff, for which reason the \"traditional\" indications of tracheostomy have to be revised. Authors present their recommendations based on international experiences. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(19): 767-770."}, {"pmid": 32349775, "pmcid": "PMC7189172", "title": "Cancer at the time of the COVID-19 hurricane.", "journal": "J Exp Clin Cancer Res", "authors": ["Blandino, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349775", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503829, "title": "COVID-19 Incidentally Detected on PET/CT During Work-up for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Mo, Allen", "Brodin, N Patrik", "Tome, Wolfgang A", "Garg, Madhur K", "Kabarriti, Rafi"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503829", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the incidental detection of COVID-19 disease on positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in a patient with cancer despite initial negative swab by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical and radiographic data were obtained from the electronic medical record. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained and evaluated for COVID-19 by the Food and Drug Administration-approved reverse transcription-PCR assays. On radiographic examination, PET/CT was consistent with COVID-19-related pneumonia not seen on prior imaging. Initial nasopharyngeal swab 2 days after PET/CT imaging was negative for COVID-19. Subsequent repeat swab 10 days later was positive for COVID-19, while the patient was febrile on screening assessment. The patient remained COVID-19-positive until 1 month after abnormal PET/CT imaging. PET/CT can be sensitive for early COVID-19 detection, even in the setting of a negative confirmatory PCR test. This highlights the importance of continued patient surveillance and use of appropriate personal protective equipment to minimize COVID-19 transmission."}, {"pmid": 32495961, "title": "Virtual dermatopathology: A potential educational tool during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Khullar, Geeti", "Chandra, Mithilesh"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495961", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476574, "title": "Virtual Screening-Driven Drug Discovery of SARS-CoV2 Enzyme Inhibitors Targeting Viral Attachment, Replication, Post-Translational Modification and Host Immunity Evasion Infection Mechanisms.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Quimque, Mark Tristan J", "Notarte, Kin Israel R", "Fernandez, Rey Arturo T", "Mendoza, Mark Andrew O", "Liman, Rhenz Alfred D", "Lim, Justin Allen K", "Pilapil, Luis Agustin E", "Ong, Jehiel Karsten H", "Pastrana, Adriel M", "Khan, Abbas", "Wei, Dong-Qing", "Macabeo, Allan Patrick G"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476574", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2, the causative agent of the pandemic disease COVID-19, emerged in December 2019 forcing lockdown of communities in many countries. The absence of specific drugs and vaccines, the rapid transmission of the virus, and the increasing number of deaths worldwide necessitated the discovery of new substances for anti-COVID-19 drug development. With the aid of bioinformatics and computational modelling, ninety seven antiviral secondary metabolites from fungi were docked onto five SARS-CoV2 enzymes involved in viral attachment, replication, post-translational modification, and host immunity evasion infection mechanisms followed by molecular dynamics simulation and in silico ADMET prediction (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) of the hit compounds. Thus, three fumiquinazoline alkaloids scedapin C (15), quinadoline B (19) and norquinadoline A (20), the polyketide isochaetochromin D1 (8), and the terpenoid 11a-dehydroxyisoterreulactone A (11) exhibited high binding affinities on the target proteins, papain-like protease (PLpro), chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRp), non-structural protein 15 (nsp15), and the spike binding domain to GRP78. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed to optimize the interaction and investigate the stability of the top-scoring ligands in complex with the five target proteins. All tested complexes were found to have dynamic stability. Of the five top-scoring metabolites, quinadoline B (19) was predicted to confer favorable ADMET values, high gastrointestinal absorptive probability and poor blood-brain barrier crossing capacities."}, {"pmid": 32362503, "pmcid": "PMC7166013", "title": "[Early EMDR defusing in a COVID-19 testing center].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Thepaut, M", "Ferracci, S", "Dormois, I", "Haour, F", "Cazenave, N"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362503", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447846, "title": "[Feasibility analysis on acupuncture therapy for the treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 and the exploration on the application scheme].", "journal": "Zhen Ci Yan Jiu", "authors": ["Wang, Rui-Qing", "Liu, Jing-Xuan", "Zhang, Zi-di", "Wen, Jing", "Han, Peng", "Wu, Hui-Hui", "Jia, Ye-Juan", "Jia, Chun-Sheng", "Pan, Li-Jia"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447846", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The situation of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still severe at present. In order to better fight against the epidemic and give full play to the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine, we explored the feasibility of acupuncture therapy in the intervention of COVID-19 through analyzing the relevant literature in both ancient and modern time. Additionally, we analyzed the intervention scheme of acupuncture for COVID-19 developed by China Association of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and supplemented the protocol of the intervention with auricular acupuncture. It was proposed that the advantages of acupuncture and moxibustion should be fully displayed while Chinese herbal medications have been applied in the treatment of COVID-19. During treatment, acupuncture physicians should be rationally allocated to a certain proportion so as to adequately utilize comprehensive therapeutic approaches and guarantee people's safety to the greatest extent. Eventually, the clinical therapeutic effect may be improved, the national resources be economized on and the COVID-19 epidemic be conquered early."}, {"pmid": 32513951, "title": "COVID-19 infection: the China and Italy perspectives.", "journal": "Cell Death Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Jun", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Melino, Gerry", "Boccia, Stefania", "Piacentini, Mauro", "Ricciardi, Walter", "Wang, Ying", "Shi, Yufang", "Zhu, Tongyu"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513951", "countries": ["United States", "China", "Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Since its first report in December 2019, despite great efforts made in almost every country worldwide, this disease continues to spread globally, especially in most parts of Europe, Iran, and the United States. Here, we update the recent understanding in clinical characteristics, diagnosis strategies, as well as clinical management of COVID-19 in China as compared to Italy, with the purpose to integrate the China experience with the global efforts to outline references for prevention, basic research, treatment as well as final control of the disease. Being the first two countries we feel appropriate to evaluate the evolution of the disease as well as the early result of the treatment, in order to offer a different baseline to other countries. It is also interesting to compare two countries, with a very significant difference in population, where the morbidity and mortality has been so different, and unrelated to the size of the country."}, {"pmid": 32381430, "pmcid": "PMC7189855", "title": "Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: Report of three cases and a review of literature.", "journal": "J Dermatol Sci", "authors": ["Sachdeva, Muskaan", "Gianotti, Raffaele", "Shah, Monica", "Lucia, Bradanini", "Tosi, Diego", "Veraldi, Stefano", "Ziv, Michael", "Leshem, Eyal", "Dodiuk-Gad, Roni P"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381430", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Various cutaneous manifestations have been observed in patients with COVID-19 infection. However, overall similarities in the clinical presentation of these dermatological manifestations have not yet been summarized. This review aims to provide an overview of various cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID-19 through three case reports and a literature review. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, OVID, and Google search engines for original and review articles. Studies written in the English language that mentioned cutaneous symptoms and COVID-19 were included. Eighteen articles and three additional cases reported in this paper were included in this review. Of these studies, 6 are case series and 12 are case report studies. The most common cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 was found to be maculopapular exanthem (morbilliform), presenting in 36.1% (26/72) patients. The other cutaneous manifestations included: a papulovesicular rash (34.7%, 25/72), urticaria (9.7%, 7/72), painful acral red purple papules (15.3%, 11/72) of patients, livedo reticularis lesions (2.8%, 2/72) and petechiae (1.4%, 1/72). Majority of lesions were localized on the trunk (66.7%, 50/72), however, 19.4% (14/72) of patients experienced cutaneous manifestations in the hands and feet. Skin lesion development occurred before the onset of respiratory symptoms or COVID-19 diagnosis in 12.5% (9/72) of the patients, and lesions spontaneously healed in all patients within 10 days. Majority of the studies reported no correlation between COVID-19 severity and skin lesions. Infection with COVID-19 may result in dermatological manifestations with various clinical presentations, which may aid in the timely diagnosis of this infection."}, {"pmid": 32483515, "pmcid": "PMC7255081", "title": "What Do We Need to Know to Improve Diagnostic Testing Methods for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus?", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Mustafa, Zahid", "Ghaffari, Masoumeh"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483515", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is widespread agreement that reliable, fast, and easy-to-produce diagnostic testing methods that have high sensitivity and specificity are essential for guiding appropriate responses to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak. At the present time, there are important unanswered questions about testing methods for SARS-CoV-2. This review article interprets recent findings related to the principal testing methods used to diagnose SARS-CoV-2, including reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), chest imaging, and immunoassay. We discuss the value and limitations of these approaches and\u00a0suggest directions for future research that can advance the understanding of diagnostic methods. Addressing areas of uncertainty will improve clinical outcomes\u00a0and allow more effective policies to be implemented to control the disease."}, {"pmid": 32407467, "pmcid": "PMC7239244", "title": "Clinical features and outcomes of HIV patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gervasoni, Cristina", "Meraviglia, Paola", "Riva, Agostino", "Giacomelli, Andrea", "Oreni, Letizia", "Minisci, Davide", "Atzori, Chiara", "Ridolfo, Annalisa", "Cattaneo, Dario"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407467", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is known about the clinical outcomes of HIV patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. We describe 47 patients referred to our hospital between 21 February and 16 April 2020 with proven/probable COVID-19, 45 (96%) of whom fully recovered and two died."}, {"pmid": 32202553, "title": "[COVID-19 coronavirus: what implications for Cardiology?]", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Di Pasquale, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202553", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220989, "title": "Looking after yourself and others.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Allister, Rosie"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220989", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global Covid-19 outbreak is having a profound impact on everyone, including people in the veterinary profession. Public health and government advice for some to self isolate and for all of us to increase social distancing poses huge challenges for the industry and its people, as well as clients and patients. Here, Vetlife Helpline manager."}, {"pmid": 31986261, "pmcid": "PMC7159286", "title": "A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Yuan, Shuofeng", "Kok, Kin-Hang", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Chu, Hin", "Yang, Jin", "Xing, Fanfan", "Liu, Jieling", "Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "Poon, Rosana Wing-Shan", "Tsoi, Hoi-Wah", "Lo, Simon Kam-Fai", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Poon, Vincent Kwok-Man", "Chan, Wan-Mui", "Ip, Jonathan Daniel", "Cai, Jian-Piao", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Chen, Honglin", "Hui, Christopher Kim-Ming", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-01-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31986261", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus was reported in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China. Affected patients were geographically linked with a local wet market as a potential source. No data on person-to-person or nosocomial transmission have been published to date. In this study, we report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and microbiological findings of five patients in a family cluster who presented with unexplained pneumonia after returning to Shenzhen, Guangdong province, China, after a visit to Wuhan, and an additional family member who did not travel to Wuhan. Phylogenetic analysis of genetic sequences from these patients were done. From Jan 10, 2020, we enrolled a family of six patients who travelled to Wuhan from Shenzhen between Dec 29, 2019 and Jan 4, 2020. Of six family members who travelled to Wuhan, five were identified as infected with the novel coronavirus. Additionally, one family member, who did not travel to Wuhan, became infected with the virus after several days of contact with four of the family members. None of the family members had contacts with Wuhan markets or animals, although two had visited a Wuhan hospital. Five family members (aged 36-66 years) presented with fever, upper or lower respiratory tract symptoms, or diarrhoea, or a combination of these 3-6 days after exposure. They presented to our hospital (The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen) 6-10 days after symptom onset. They and one asymptomatic child (aged 10 years) had radiological ground-glass lung opacities. Older patients (aged >60 years) had more systemic symptoms, extensive radiological ground-glass lung changes, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase levels. The nasopharyngeal or throat swabs of these six patients were negative for known respiratory microbes by point-of-care multiplex RT-PCR, but five patients (four adults and the child) were RT-PCR positive for genes encoding the internal RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and surface Spike protein of this novel coronavirus, which were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of these five patients' RT-PCR amplicons and two full genomes by next-generation sequencing showed that this is a novel coronavirus, which is closest to the bat severe acute respiatory syndrome (SARS)-related coronaviruses found in Chinese horseshoe bats. Our findings are consistent with person-to-person transmission of this novel coronavirus in hospital and family settings, and the reports of infected travellers in other geographical regions. The Shaw Foundation Hong Kong, Michael Seak-Kan Tong, Respiratory Viral Research Foundation Limited, Hui Ming, Hui Hoy and Chow Sin Lan Charity Fund Limited, Marina Man-Wai Lee, the Hong Kong Hainan Commercial Association South China Microbiology Research Fund, Sanming Project of Medicine (Shenzhen), and High Level-Hospital Program (Guangdong Health Commission)."}, {"pmid": 32518171, "title": "Pediatric Critical Care and COVID19.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Dambrauskas, Sebastian", "Vasquez-Hoyos, Pablo", "Camporesi, Anna", "Diaz-Rubio, Franco", "Pineres-Olave, Byron Enrique", "Fernandez-Sarmiento, Jaime", "Gertz, Shira", "Harwayne-Gidansky, Ilana", "Chse", "Pietroboni, Pietro", "Shein, Steven L", "Urbano, Javier", "Wegner, Adriana", "Zemanate, Eliana", "Karsies, Todd"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518171", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301478, "title": "Counting Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases: Case Definitions, Screened Populations and Testing Techniques Matter.", "journal": "Ann Acad Med Singapore", "authors": ["Koh, David", "Cunningham, Anne Catherine"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301478", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While counting cases of disease appears straightforward, there are issues to consider when enumerating disease counts during an epidemic. For example, for Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), how is a case defined? Hubei province in China changed its case definition twice in a fortnight-from laboratory-confirmed cases to clinically-confirmed cases without laboratory tests, and back to laboratory-confirmed cases. This caused confusion in the reported number of cases. If a confirmed case requires laboratory testing, what is the population who are laboratory-tested? Due to limited laboratory testing capacity in the early phase of an emerging epidemic, only \"suspected cases\" are laboratory-tested in most countries. This will result in underdiagnosis of confirmed cases and also raises the question: how is a \"suspect case\" defined? With the passage of time and increased capability to perform laboratory tests, more people can be screened and the number of confirmed cases will increase. What are the technical considerations of laboratory testing? This includes specimen collection (variable collection methods), samples collected (upper or lower respiratory tract biospecimens), time of collection in relation to course of disease, different laboratory test methods and kits (not all of which may be standardised or approved by authorities such as the Food and Drug Administration). Are approved laboratory facilities and trained manpower available, and how are test results interpreted and false-negatives excluded? These issues will affect the accuracy of disease counts, which in turn will have implications on how we mount an appropriate response to the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32507119, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with pre-existing anxiety disorders attending secondary care.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Plunkett, R", "Costello, S", "McGovern, M", "McDonald, C", "Hallahan, B"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507119", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine the psychological and social impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on patients with established anxiety disorders during a period of stringent mandated social restrictions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 individuals attending the Galway-Roscommon Mental Health Services with an ICD-10 diagnosis of an anxiety disorder to determine the impact of the Covid-19 restrictions on anxiety and mood symptoms, social and occupational functioning and quality of life. Twelve (40.0%) participants described COVID-19 restrictions as having a deleterious impact on their anxiety symptoms. Likert scale measurements noted that the greatest impact of COVID-19 related to social functioning (Mean = 4.5, SD = 2.9), with a modest deleterious effect on anxiety symptoms noted (Mean = 3.8, SD = 2.9). Clinician rated data noted that 8 (26.7%) participants had disimproved and 14 (46.7%) participants had improved since their previous clinical review, prior to commencement of COVID-19 restrictions. Conditions associated with no 'trigger', such as generalised anxiety disorder, demonstrated a non-significant increase in anxiety symptoms compared to conditions with a 'trigger', such as obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychiatric or physical comorbidity did not substantially impact on symptomatology secondary to Covid-19 mandated restrictions. The psychological and social impact of COVID-19 restrictions on individuals with pre-existing anxiety disorders has been modest with only minimal increases in symptomology or social impairment noted."}, {"pmid": 32461418, "title": "Presence of viral RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swab specimens of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Kumar, Kiran", "Prakash, Akshata A", "Gangasagara, Suresh Babu", "Rathod, Sujatha B L", "Ravi, K", "Rangaiah, Ambica", "Shankar, Sathyanarayan Muthur", "Basawarajappa, Shantala Gowdara", "Bhushan, Shashi", "Neeraja, T G", "Khandenahalli, Srinivas", "Swetha, M", "Gupta, Priyam", "Sampritha, U C", "Prasad, Guru N S", "Jayanthi, Chakravarthy Raghunathan"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461418", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To detect the presence of viral RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in conjunctival swab specimens of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients. Forty-five COVID-19 patients positive for real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab with or without ocular manifestations were included in the study. The conjunctival swab of each patient was collected by an ophthalmologist posted for COVID duty. Out of 45 patients, 35 (77.77%) were males and the rest were females. The mean age was 31.26 \u00b1 12.81 years. None of the patients had any ocular manifestations. One (2.23%) out of 45 patients was positive for RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 in the conjunctival swab. This study shows that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in conjunctival swabs of confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients. Though the positivity rate of detecting SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swabs is very less, care should be exercised during the ocular examination of patients of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32529517, "title": "Venous Thromboembolism in COVID-19: Towards an Ideal Approach to Thromboprophylaxis, Screening, and Treatment.", "journal": "Curr Cardiol Rep", "authors": ["Aryal, Madan Raj", "Gosain, Rohit", "Donato, Anthony", "Pathak, Ranjan", "Bhatt, Vijaya Raj", "Katel, Anjan", "Kouides, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529517", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with an increased risk of arterial and venous thromboembolic (VTE) diseases. However, there is a limited amount of data regarding the prevention and management of VTE in severe hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In this article, we review currently available clinical data, and mechanisms for COVID-associated coagulopathy, and propose algorithms for screening, prevention (including extended-duration prophylaxis), and treatment of these patients. Although these recommendations are subject to change given rapidly evolving data, we provide a framework that can guide clinicians in managing thrombotic complications in this challenging condition."}, {"pmid": 32493696, "title": "Covid-19: Review of ethnic disparities is labelled \"whitewash\" for lack of recommendations.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493696", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303730, "title": "Coronavirus diaries: to be a scientist.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tregoning, John"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303730", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504660, "title": "The Next Wave of Health Care Strain Related to COVID-19: Heart Failure Patients Coming Back in Force: We Must Not Fail Them.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Moayedi, Yasbanoo", "Alba, Ana C", "Lee, Douglas S", "Wijeysundera, Harindra C", "Ross, Heather J"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439184, "pmcid": "PMC7169887", "title": "COVID-19-Associated Psychiatric Symptoms in Health Care Workers: Viewpoint From Internal Medicine and Psychiatry Residents.", "journal": "Psychosomatics", "authors": ["Gautam, Mohan", "Kaur, Madhupreet", "Mahr, Greg"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439184", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329920, "pmcid": "PMC7264600", "title": "The care of patients with Duchenne, Becker, and other muscular dystrophies in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Veerapandiyan, Aravindhan", "Wagner, Kathryn R", "Apkon, Susan", "McDonald, Craig M", "Mathews, Katherine D", "Parsons, Julie A", "Wong, Brenda L", "Eichinger, Katy", "Shieh, Perry B", "Butterfield, Russell J", "Rao, Vamshi K", "Smith, Edward C", "Proud, Crystal M", "Connolly, Anne M", "Ciafaloni, Emma"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329920", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the reorganization of health-care settings affecting clinical care delivery to patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DBMD) as well as other inherited muscular dystrophies. The magnitude of the impact of this public health emergency on the care of patients with DBMD is unclear as they are suspected of having an increased risk for severe manifestations of COVID-19. In this article, the authors discuss their consensus recommendations pertaining to care of these patients during the pandemic. We address issues surrounding corticosteroid and exon-skipping treatments, cardiac medications, hydroxychloroquine use, emergency/respiratory care, rehabilitation management, and the conduct of clinical trials. We highlight the importance of collaborative treatment decisions between the patient, family, and health-care provider, considering any geographic or institution-specific policies and precautions for COVID-19. We advocate for continuing multidisciplinary care for these patients using telehealth."}, {"pmid": 32371559, "title": "Helping children cope with the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Lambrese, Jason V"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371559", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Numerous societal changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as school closings and event cancellations, have caused anxiety and fear for children and young people. There are ways to help young people cope with the current situation including establishing an open dialogue, creating a structured daily routine with a schedule with assigned roles, and using social media and video conferencing to remain socially connected."}, {"pmid": 32495581, "title": "[Ethical review of clinical study on intervention with traditional Chinese medicine in new public health emergencies].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Gu, Hao", "Wang, Zhi-Fei", "Xie, Yan-Ming"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495581", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "High-quality clinical study on traditional Chinese medicine is of great significance to effectively control new public health emergencies represented by outbreaks of infectious diseases and ensure people's health and safety, but it still faces a series of ethical issues. Based on the seven core values of equity, good deeds, effectiveness, respect for individuals, freedom, reciprocity, and solida-rity proposed in the Guidelines for Management of Ethical Issues in Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases, this article emphasizes the characteristics and laws of clinical studies on traditional Chinese medicine. Main points of ethical review of traditional Chinese medicine were summarized in the aspects of overall concept, syndrome differentiation and treatment, prevention before disease onset, cultural value, and clinical basis. Based on the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), we collected relevant registered Chinese medicine clinical studies, summarized the core issues of the ethics review for COVID-19, and further improved the traditional Chinese medicine ethics review system and resources, so as to better serve ethical review and scientific studies in public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32248855, "pmcid": "PMC7163189", "title": "Core principles for infection prevention in hemodialysis centers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Chen, Gang", "Zhou, Yangzhong", "Zhang, Lei", "Wang, Ying", "Hu, Rong-Rong", "Zhao, Xue", "Song, Dan", "Xia, Jing-Hua", "Qin, Yan", "Chen, Li-Meng", "Li, Xue-Mei"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248855", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522462, "title": "Association of asthma and its genetic predisposition with the risk of severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Zhu, Zhaozhong", "Hasegawa, Kohei", "Ma, Baoshan", "Fujiogi, Michimasa", "Camargo, Carlos A Jr", "Liang, Liming"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522462", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a large population-based cohort data, adults with asthma had a higher risk of severe COVID-19, which was driven by the increased risk among patients with non-allergic asthma."}, {"pmid": 32502958, "pmcid": "PMC7258830", "title": "Proposed guidelines for screening of hyperglycemia in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in low resource settings.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Goyal, Alpesh", "Gupta, Setu", "Gupta, Yashdeep", "Tandon, Nikhil"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502958", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has immensely strained healthcare systems worldwide. Diabetes has emerged as a major comorbidity in a large proportion of patients infected with COVID-19 and is associated with poor health outcomes. We aim to provide a practical guidance on screening of hyperglycemia in persons without known diabetes in low resource settings. We reviewed the available guidelines on this subject and proposed an algorithm based on simple measures of blood glucose (BG) which can be implemented by healthcare workers with lesser expertise in low resource settings. We propose that every hospitalized patient with COVID-19 infection undergo a paired capillary BG assessment (pre-meal and 2-h post-meal). Patients with pre-meal BG\u00a0<\u00a07.8\u00a0mmol/L (140\u00a0mg/dL) and post-meal BG\u00a0<\u00a010.0\u00a0mmol/L (180\u00a0mg/dL) may not merit further monitoring. On the other hand, those with one or more value above these thresholds should undergo capillary BG monitoring (pre-meals and 2 hours after dinner) for the next 24\u00a0hours. When two or more (\u226550%) such values are significantly elevated [pre-meal \u22658.3\u00a0mmol/L (150\u00a0mg/dL) and post-meal \u226511.1\u00a0mmol/L (200\u00a0mg/dL)], pharmacotherapy should be immediately initiated. On the other hand, in patients with modest elevation of one or more values [pre-meal 7.8-8.3\u00a0mmol/L (140-150\u00a0mg/dL) and post-meal 10.0-11.1\u00a0mmol/L (180-200\u00a0mg/dL)], dietary modifications should be initiated and pharmacotherapy considered only if BG control remains suboptimal. We highlight strategies for screening of hyperglycemia in persons without known diabetes treated for COVID-19 infection in low resource settings. This guidance may well be applied to other settings in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32344190, "pmcid": "PMC7195066", "title": "Debate on Drugs That May Aggravate COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Giavina-Bianchi, Pedro", "Aun, Marcelo Vivolo", "Agondi, Rosana Camara", "Kalil, Jorge"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344190", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303704, "title": "The race against COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Nanotechnol", "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303704", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387014, "pmcid": "PMC7188634", "title": "[Repurposing of chlorpromazine in COVID-19 treatment: the reCoVery study].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Plaze, M", "Attali, D", "Petit, A-C", "Blatzer, M", "Simon-Loriere, E", "Vinckier, F", "Cachia, A", "Chretien, F", "Gaillard, R"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387014", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic comprises a total of more than 2,350,000 cases and 160,000 deaths. The interest in anti-coronavirus drug development has been limited so far and effective methods to prevent or treat coronavirus infections in humans are still lacking. Urgent action is needed to fight this fatal coronavirus infection by reducing the number of infected people along with the infection contagiousness and severity. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak several weeks ago, we observe in GHU PARIS Psychiatrie & Neurosciences (Sainte-Anne hospital, Paris, France) a lower prevalence of symptomatic and severe forms of COVID-19 infections in psychiatric patients (\u223c4%) compared to health care professionals (\u223c14%). Similar observations have been noted in other psychiatric units in France and abroad. Our hypothesis is that psychiatric patients could be protected from severe forms of COVID-19 by their psychotropic treatments. Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is a phenothiazine derivative widely used in clinical routine in the treatment of acute and chronic psychoses. This first antipsychotic medication has been discovered in 1952 by Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker at Sainte-Anne hospital. In addition, to its antipsychotic effects, several in vitro studies have also demonstrated a CPZ antiviral activity via the inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Recently, independent studies revealed that CPZ is an anti-MERS-CoV and an anti-SARS-CoV-1 drug. In comparison to other antiviral drugs, the main advantages of CPZ lie in its biodistribution: (i) preclinical and clinical studies have reported a high CPZ concentration in the lungs (20-200 times higher than in plasma), which is critical because of the respiratory tropism of SARS-CoV-2; (ii) CPZ is highly concentrated in saliva (30-100 times higher than in plasma) and could therefore reduce the contagiousness of COVID-19; (iii) CPZ can cross the blood-brain barrier and could therefore prevent the neurological forms of COVID-19. Our hypothesis is that CPZ could decrease the unfavorable evolution of COVID-19 infection in oxygen-requiring patients without the need for intensive care, but also reduce the contagiousness of SARS-CoV-2. At this end, we designed a pilot, phase III, multicenter, single blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. Efficacy of CPZ will be assessed according to clinical, biological and radiological criteria. The main objective is to demonstrate a shorter time to response (TTR) to treatment in the CPZ+standard-of-care (CPZ+SOC) group, compared to the SOC group. Response to treatment is defined by a reduction of at least one level of severity on the WHO-Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement (WHO-OSCI). The secondary objectives are to demonstrate in the CPZ+SOC group, compared to the SOC group: (A) superior clinical improvement; (B) a greater decrease in the biological markers of viral attack by SARS-CoV-2 (PCR, viral load); (C) a greater decrease in inflammatory markers (e.g. CRP and lymphopenia); (D) a greater decrease in parenchymal involvement (chest CT) on the seventh day post-randomization; (E) to define the optimal dosage of CPZ and its tolerance; (F) to evaluate the biological parameters of response to treatment, in particular the involvement of inflammatory cytokines. Patient recruitment along with the main and secondary objectives are in line with WHO 2020 COVID-19 guidelines. This repositioning of CPZ as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug offers an alternative and rapid strategy to alleviate the virus propagation and the infection severity and lethality. This CPZ repositioning strategy also avoids numerous developmental and experimental steps and can save precious time to rapidly establish an anti-COVID-19 therapy with well-known, limited and easy to manage side effects. Indeed, CPZ is an FDA-approved drug with an excellent tolerance profile, prescribed for around 70 years in psychiatry but also in clinical routine in nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, in advanced cancer and also to treat headaches in various neurological conditions. The broad spectrum of CPZ treatment - including antipsychotic, anxiolytic, antiemetic, antiviral, immunomodulatory effects along with inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and modulation of blood-brain barrier - is in line with the historical French commercial name for CPZ, i.e. LARGACTIL, chosen as a reference to its \"LARGe ACTion\" properties. The discovery of those CPZ properties, as for many other molecules in psychiatry, is both the result of serendipity and careful clinical observations. Using this approach, the field of mental illness could provide innovative therapeutic approaches to fight SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32321856, "pmcid": "PMC7179937", "title": "Structure-based design of antiviral drug candidates targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Dai, Wenhao", "Zhang, Bing", "Su, Haixia", "Li, Jian", "Zhao, Yao", "Xie, Xiong", "Jin, Zhenming", "Liu, Fengjiang", "Li, Chunpu", "Li, You", "Bai, Fang", "Wang, Haofeng", "Cheng, Xi", "Cen, Xiaobo", "Hu, Shulei", "Yang, Xiuna", "Wang, Jiang", "Liu, Xiang", "Xiao, Gengfu", "Jiang, Hualiang", "Rao, Zihe", "Zhang, Lei-Ke", "Xu, Yechun", "Yang, Haitao", "Liu, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321856", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent responsible for the global COVID-19 outbreak. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is a key enzyme that plays a pivotal role in mediating viral replication and transcription. We designed and synthesized two lead compounds (11a and 11b) targeting Mpro Both exhibited excellent inhibitory activity and potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection activity. The X-ray crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro in complex with 11a or 11b, both determined at 1.5 \u00c5 resolution, showed that the aldehyde groups of 11a and 11b are covalently bound to Cys145 of Mpro Both compounds showed good PK properties in vivo, and 11a also exhibited low toxicity, suggesting that these compounds are promising drug candidates."}, {"pmid": 32522559, "title": "Covid-19 and inflammatory bowel disease: questions on incidence, severity, and impact of treatment?", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Caron, Benedicte", "Arondel, Yves", "Reimund, Jean-Marie"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522559", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333993, "pmcid": "PMC7175867", "title": "Does the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 virus decrease at high-altitude?", "journal": "Respir Physiol Neurobiol", "authors": ["Arias-Reyes, Christian", "Zubieta-DeUrioste, Natalia", "Poma-Machicao, Liliana", "Aliaga-Raduan, Fernanda", "Carvajal-Rodriguez, Favio", "Dutschmann, Mathias", "Schneider-Gasser, Edith M", "Zubieta-Calleja, Gustavo", "Soliz, Jorge"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333993", "countries": ["China", "Ecuador", "Bolivia, Plurinational State of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the present study we analyze the epidemiological data of COVID-19 of Tibet and high-altitude regions of Bolivia and Ecuador, and compare to lowland data, to test the hypothesis that high-altitude inhabitants (+2,500 m above sea-level) are less susceptible to develop severe adverse effects in acute SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Analysis of available epidemiological data suggest that physiological acclimatization/adaptation that counterbalance the hypoxic environment in high-altitude may protect from severe impact of acute SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Potential underlying mechanisms such as: (i) a compromised half-live of the virus caused by the high-altitude environment, and (ii) a hypoxia mediated down regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is the main binding target of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the pulmonary epithelium are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32482759, "title": "Endotracheal intubation with barrier protection.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Jazuli, Farah", "Bilic, Monika", "Hanel, Erich", "Ha, Michael", "Hassall, Kelly", "Trotter, Brendon Gordon"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482759", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the high risk of healthcare worker (HCW) infection with COVID-19 during aerosol-generating medical procedures, the use of a box barrier during intubation for protection of HCWs has been examined. Previous simulation work has demonstrated its efficacy in protecting HCWs from cough-expelled droplets. Our objective was to assess its ability to protect HCWs against aerosols generated during aerosol-generating medical procedures. We used a battery-powered vapouriser to assess movement of vapour with: (1) no barrier; (2) a box barrier; and (3) a box barrier and a plastic sheet covering the box and patient's body. We visualised the trajectory of vapour and saw that the vapour remained within the barrier space when the box barrier and plastic sheet were used. This is in contrast to the box barrier alone, where vapour diffused towards the feet of the patient and throughout the room, and to no barrier where the vapour immediately diffused to the laryngoscopist. This demonstrates that the box with the plastic sheet has the potential to limit the spread of aerosols towards the laryngoscopist, and thus may play a role in protecting HCWs during aerosol-generating medical procedures. This is of particular importance in the care of patients with suspected COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32496637, "title": "Mental health among otolaryngology resident and attending physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic: National study.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Civantos, Alyssa M", "Byrnes, Yasmeen", "Chang, Changgee", "Prasad, Aman", "Chorath, Kevin", "Poonia, Seerat K", "Jenks, Carolyn M", "Bur, Andres M", "Thakkar, Punam", "Graboyes, Evan M", "Seth, Rahul", "Trosman, Samuel", "Wong, Anni", "Laitman, Benjamin M", "Harris, Brianna N", "Shah, Janki", "Stubbs, Vanessa", "Choby, Garret", "Long, Qi", "Rassekh, Christopher H", "Thaler, Erica", "Rajasekaran, Karthik"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496637", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Otolaryngologists are among the highest risk for COVID-19 exposure. This is a cross-sectional, survey-based, national study evaluating academic otolaryngologists. Burnout, anxiety, distress, and depression were assessed by the single-item Mini-Z Burnout Assessment, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, 15-item Impact of Event Scale, and 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire, respectively. A total of 349 physicians completed the survey. Of them, 165 (47.3%) were residents and 212 (60.7%) were males. Anxiety, distress, burnout, and depression were reported in 167 (47.9%), 210 (60.2%), 76 (21.8%), and 37 (10.6%) physicians, respectively. Attendings had decreased burnout relative to residents (odds ratio [OR] 0.28, confidence interval [CI] [0.11-0.68]; P =\u2009.005). Females had increased burnout (OR 1.93, CI [1.12.-3.32]; P =\u2009.018), anxiety (OR 2.53, CI [1.59-4.02]; P <\u2009.005), and distress (OR 2.68, CI [1.64-4.37]; P <\u2009.005). Physicians in states with greater than 20\u2009000 positive cases had increased distress (OR 2.01, CI [1.22-3.31]; P =\u2009.006). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of burnout, anxiety, and distress is high among academic otolaryngologists."}, {"pmid": 32479239, "title": "Racism In My Medical Education.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Ko, Michelle"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479239", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An Asian American physician calls for more diversity and a commitment to health equity in US medical schools."}, {"pmid": 32366499, "title": "Covid-19: skin damage with prolonged wear of FFP3 masks.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Payne, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366499", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422054, "title": "Web Exclusive. Annals On Call - Clinical Reasoning and Testing for COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Centor, Robert M", "Geha, Rabih", "Manesh, Reza"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422054", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406928, "pmcid": "PMC7273018", "title": "Elective surgeries during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Lee, J", "Choi, J Y", "Kim, M S"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406928", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249028, "pmcid": "PMC7270556", "title": "The \"helmet bundle\" in COVID-19 patients undergoing non invasive ventilation.", "journal": "Intensive Crit Care Nurs", "authors": ["Lucchini, Alberto", "Giani, Marco", "Isgro, Stefano", "Rona, Roberto", "Foti, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249028", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207808, "title": "US Emergency Legal Responses to Novel Coronavirus: Balancing Public Health and Civil Liberties.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Gostin, Lawrence O", "Hodge, James G Jr"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207808", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421178, "title": "COVID-19 and the Need for a National Health Information Technology Infrastructure.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Sittig, Dean F", "Singh, Hardeep"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421178", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32127711, "title": "Open peer-review platform for COVID-19 preprints.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Johansson, Michael A", "Saderi, Daniela"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127711", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417555, "pmcid": "PMC7207139", "title": "Early SARS-CoV-2 outbreak detection by sewage-based epidemiology.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Orive, Gorka", "Lertxundi, Unax", "Barcelo, Damia"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417555", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sewage can be used to determine the scale of COVID-19 outbreak. Sewage Epidemiology or Waste Based Epidemiology (WBE) approach has been successfully used to track and provide early warnings of outbreaks of pathogenic viruses such as Hepatitis A, Poliovirus and Norovirus. In untreated wastewater COVID-19 (excreted via faeces then introduced to wastewater) can survive from hours to days. Detection of COVID-19 can be carried out with nucleic acid-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, used for confirmation of COVID-19 patients around the globe. New cheaper and faster monitoring tools are being developed to detect Covid-19 in wastewater by biosensors, ELISA, or paper-based indicator methods. This will allow to reveal true scale of Covid-19 outbreak associated with population link to a specific wastewater treatment plant."}, {"pmid": 32267650, "title": "Between Scylla and Charybdis - Oncologic Decision Making in the Time of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Lewis, Mark A"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267650", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311109, "pmcid": "PMC7264799", "title": "Positive result of Sars-Cov-2 in faeces and sputum from discharged patient with COVID-19 in Yiwu, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Youjiang", "Hu, Yingying", "Yu, Yuanyuan", "Zhang, Xiaodong", "Li, Bin", "Wu, Jianguo", "Li, Junyu", "Wu, Yingping", "Xia, Xiaoping", "Tang, Huina", "Xu, Jian"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311109", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the effective prevention and control of COVID - 19 in China, the number of cured cases increased significantly. Further monitoring of the disease prognosis and effective control of the \"relapse\" of the epidemic become the next focus of work. To analyse the clinical prognosis of discharged COVID-19 patients by monitoring their SAR-CoV-2 nucleic acid status, which may provide evidence to establish discharge standards and follow-up management for COVID-19 patients. We included 13 discharged COVID-19 patients who were quarantined for 4-week at home. The patient's daily clinical signs were recorded and sputum and faecal specimens were regularly sent for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. The time between initial symptoms and meeting discharge criteria was 18 - 44 days with an average of 25 \u00b1 6 days. The faecal samples of two patients still tested positive after meeting discharge criteria and the sputum samples of four patients returned positive 5 - 14 days after discharge. The rate of a recurring positive test result in samples from the respiratory system was 31%(4/13). Under the present discharge criteria, the high presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in faecal and respiratory samples of discharged COVID-19 patients indicate potential infectivity. Therefore, we suggest that faecal virus nucleic acid should be tested as a routine monitoring index for COVID-19 and a negative result be added to the criteria. Simultaneously, we should strengthen the regular follow-up of discharged patients with continuous monitoring of the recurrence of viral nucleic acid. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32303756, "pmcid": "PMC7188162", "title": "Impact of anti-tnfalpha antibodies on the risk of Covid-19 and its severity in patients with inflammatory Bowel Diseases.", "journal": "J Crohns Colitis", "authors": ["Tursi, Antonio", "Papa, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303756", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330334, "pmcid": "PMC7267498", "title": "Chilblain-like lesions during COVID-19 epidemic: a preliminary study on 63 patients.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Piccolo, V", "Neri, I", "Filippeschi, C", "Oranges, T", "Argenziano, G", "Battarra, V C", "Berti, S", "Manunza, F", "Fortina, A B", "Di Lernia, V", "Boccaletti, V", "De Bernardis, G", "Brunetti, B", "Mazzatenta, C", "Bassi, A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330334", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475876, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: initial high resolution computed tomography imaging feature analysis: report of seven cases.", "journal": "Jpn J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Huang, Jie", "Ding, Jianping"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475876", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of reported cases of the new coronavirus disease named \"severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2\" (SARS-CoV-2) has increased since December 2019. The initial high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images of seven patients with diagnosed COVID-19 in the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, China, were collected and analyzed. The study showed that all patients had close contact with COVID-19 patient and presented with fever. The initial white blood cell counts of all patients were normal. The percentage of lymphocytes decreased in three patients. In all seven patients with COVID-19, ground glass opacity (GGO) was found in the HRCT images, mainly distributed in the subpleural region of the lungs. The HRCT scans of six patients showed bilateral lobar lesions, mainly peripheral subpleural distribution; one patients showed unilateral lobar involvement. The right lung was more extensively involved than the left lung in six patients, and the lower lobe was more extensively involved than the upper lobe in five patients. The initial chest HRCT images of the lungs of COVID-19 patients had specific characteristics; the typical manifestations of the bilateral lungs showed extensive GGO-type infiltrate, with thickened vascular bundles and focal center consolidation. Pleural effusion, bilateral hilar, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were rare."}, {"pmid": 32187458, "pmcid": "PMC7121177", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Lu, Xiaoxia", "Zhang, Liqiong", "Du, Hui", "Zhang, Jingjing", "Li, Yuan Y", "Qu, Jingyu", "Zhang, Wenxin", "Wang, Youjie", "Bao, Shuangshuang", "Li, Ying", "Wu, Chuansha", "Liu, Hongxiu", "Liu, Di", "Shao, Jianbo", "Peng, Xuehua", "Yang, Yonghong", "Liu, Zhisheng", "Xiang, Yun", "Zhang, Furong", "Silva, Rona M", "Pinkerton, Kent E", "Shen, Kunling", "Xiao, Han", "Xu, Shunqing", "Wong, Gary W K"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187458", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386435, "pmcid": "PMC7272961", "title": "Urticarial eruption in coronavirus disease 2019 infection: a case report in Tangerang, Indonesia.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Gunawan, C", "Angela, A", "Widysanto, A"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386435", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315614, "pmcid": "PMC7166029", "title": "Laboratory data analysis of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) screening in 2510 patients.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Yun, Hu", "Sun, Zhuoran", "Wu, Jun", "Tang, Aiguo", "Hu, Min", "Xiang, Zhongyuan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315614", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is highly infectious and requires early detection, isolation, and treatment. We tried to find some useful information by analyzing the covid-19 screening data, so as to provide help for clinical practice. We collected nucleic acid and hematology data from 2510 patients for COVID-19 infection for retrospective analysis. COVID-19 and influenza A and B infection rates were 1.3%, 3%, and 3%, respectively. COVID-19 nucleic acid was detected in stool but not in tear samples from 8 positive patients. Among the 32 patients with COVID-19, 15 (47%) and 16 (50%) patients showed decreased lymphocyte count and lymphocyte ratio, 21(66%) and 24(75%) patients showed decreased eosinophil count and eosinophil ratio, and 18 (56%) patients showed increased C-reactive protein. Ten hematological indicators significantly differed in the blood of patients with COVID-19 and those with influenza A and B (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Eighteen hematological indicators significantly differed between patients with COVID-19 and negative patients (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). The positive rate of influenza A and B infection was higher than that of COVID-19. When pharyngeal swab collection may cause infection, fecal samples can be examined. Evaluation of pharyngeal swab and fecal samples can improve the positive rate of nucleic acid detection. The COVID-19 can cause some hematological indices changes."}, {"pmid": 32372811, "pmcid": "PMC7194715", "title": "Concern coronavirus may trigger post-viral fatigue syndromes.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Wilson, Clare"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372811", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243668, "title": "A Practical Approach to the Management of Cancer Patients During the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An International Collaborative Group.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Al-Shamsi, Humaid O", "Alhazzani, Waleed", "Alhuraiji, Ahmad", "Coomes, Eric A", "Chemaly, Roy F", "Almuhanna, Meshari", "Wolff, Robert A", "Ibrahim, Nuhad K", "Chua, Melvin L K", "Hotte, Sebastien J", "Meyers, Brandon M", "Elfiki, Tarek", "Curigliano, Giuseppe", "Eng, Cathy", "Grothey, Axel", "Xie, Conghua"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243668", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread globally since being identified as a public health emergency of major international concern and has now been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). In December 2019, an outbreak of atypical pneumonia, known as COVID-19, was identified in Wuhan, China. The newly identified zoonotic coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is characterized by rapid human-to-human transmission. Many cancer patients frequently visit the hospital for treatment and disease surveillance. They may be immunocompromised due to the underlying malignancy or anticancer therapy and are at higher risk of developing infections. Several factors increase the risk of infection, and cancer patients commonly have multiple risk factors. Cancer patients appear to have an estimated twofold increased risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 than the general population. With the WHO declaring the novel coronavirus outbreak a pandemic, there is an urgent need to address the impact of such a pandemic on cancer patients. This include changes to resource allocation, clinical care, and the consent process during a pandemic. Currently and due to limited data, there are no international guidelines to address the management of cancer patients in any infectious pandemic. In this review, the potential challenges associated with managing cancer patients during the COVID-19 infection pandemic will be addressed, with suggestions of some practical approaches. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The main management strategies for treating cancer patients during the COVID-19 epidemic include clear communication and education about hand hygiene, infection control measures, high-risk exposure, and the signs and symptoms of COVID-19. Consideration of risk and benefit for active intervention in the cancer population must be individualized. Postponing elective surgery or adjuvant chemotherapy for cancer patients with low risk of progression should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Minimizing outpatient visits can help to mitigate exposure and possible further transmission. Telemedicine may be used to support patients to minimize number of visits and risk of exposure. More research is needed to better understand SARS-CoV-2 virology and epidemiology."}, {"pmid": 32510050, "pmcid": "PMC7196553", "title": "Dental autopsy recommendations in SARS-CoV-2 infected cases.", "journal": "Forensic Sci Int", "authors": ["Nuzzolese, Emilio", "Pandey, Hemlata", "Lupariello, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510050", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Unidentified human remains with unknown medical history can always pose biological hazards to forensic pathologists and odontologists, including hepatitis C, HIV infection, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), hemorrhagic fever viruses such as Ebola, meningitis and now Sars-Cov2. The pandemic of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has reached 185 Countries with an increasing number of deaths. Forensic pathologists and odontologists may find themselves having to perform an identification autopsy to confirmed or suspected Sars-Cov2 positive deaths. By respecting the entire set of universal precautions and recommendations the highlighted risks can be minimized, and best practice in human identification should always be a priority for human rights of the dead. The following article is a summary of the recommendations for conducting dental autopsies and management of suspected COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32437648, "pmcid": "PMC7234792", "title": "Delayed diagnosis of COVID-19 in a 34-year-old man with atypical presentation.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Harkin, Timothy J", "Rurak, Kevin M", "Martins, John", "Eber, Corey", "Szporn, Arnold H", "Beasley, Mary Beth"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437648", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278300, "pmcid": "PMC7194575", "title": "Challenges of SARS-CoV-2 and lessons learnt from SARS in Guangdong Province, China.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Junguo", "Lin, Guanwen", "Zeng, Jie", "Lin, Jianguo", "Tian, Junzhang", "Li, Guowei"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278300", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With lessons learnt from the SARS outbreak in 2003, Guangdong Province is taking the lead in bringing COVID-19 under control by multiple strict regulations in combination with effective healthcare provision."}, {"pmid": 32181901, "pmcid": "PMC7228330", "title": "A guideline for homology modeling of the proteins from newly discovered betacoronavirus, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Dong, Shengjie", "Sun, Jiachen", "Mao, Zhuo", "Wang, Lu", "Lu, Yi-Lin", "Li, Jiesen"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181901", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During an outbreak of respiratory diseases including atypical pneumonia in Wuhan, a previously unknown \u03b2-coronavirus was detected in patients. The newly discovered coronavirus is similar to some \u03b2-coronaviruses found in bats but different from previously known SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. High sequence identities and similarities between 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV were found. In this study, we searched the homologous templates of all nonstructural and structural proteins of 2019-nCoV. Among the nonstructural proteins, the leader protein (nsp1), the papain-like protease (nsp3), the nsp4, the 3C-like protease (nsp5), the nsp7, the nsp8, the nsp9, the nsp10, the RNA-directed RNA polymerase (nsp12), the helicase (nsp13), the guanine-N7 methyltransferase (nsp14), the uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (nsp15), the 2'-O-methyltransferase (nsp16), and the ORF7a protein could be built on the basis of homology templates. Among the structural proteins, the spike protein (S-protein), the envelope protein (E-protein), and the nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) can be constructed based on the crystal structures of the proteins from SARS-CoV. It is known that PL-Pro, 3CL-Pro, and RdRp are important targets for design antiviral drugs against 2019-nCoV. And S protein is a critical target candidate for inhibitor screening or vaccine design against 2019-nCoV because coronavirus replication is initiated by the binding of S protein to cell surface receptors. It is believed that these proteins should be useful for further structure-based virtual screening and related computer-aided drug development and vaccine design."}, {"pmid": 32275485, "title": "Telemedicine and the COVID-19 Pandemic, Lessons for the Future.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Bashshur, Rashid", "Doarn, Charles R", "Frenk, Julio M", "Kvedar, Joseph C", "Woolliscroft, James O"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275485", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504100, "pmcid": "PMC7274940", "title": "Ocular manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Bostanci Ceran, Basak", "Ozates, Serdar"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504100", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global public health problem, and most of the COVID-19 research is focused mainly on the respiratory system because of life-threatening results. However, manifestations in other organs should not be ignored since they can also be a mode of transmission. We sought to describe the ocular manifestations of COVID-19 and investigate the association between ocular involvement and clinical presentation and laboratory outcomes. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March 1, 2020, and April 30, 2020. Ninety-three sequentially hospitalized and clinically confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in the study. The systemic and ocular symptoms, clinical findings, and laboratory outcomes were recorded. Of the 93 COVID-19 patients, 54 (58.1%) were male, and 39 (41.9%) were female. Mean age of the patients was 39.4 \u00b1 21.9 (min 7, max 88) years. Twenty patients (n 21.5%) had at least one ocular abnormality. Most common findings included hyperemia (n = 20), epiphora (n = 9), increased secretion (n = 6), chemosis (n = 3), follicular conjunctivitis (n = 2), and episcleritis (n = 2). The most common symptom was photophobia (n 15). Patients with ocular involvement were more likely to have higher neutrophil counts (p = 0.001), and increased CRP (p < 0.001), PCT (p = 0.001), and ESR levels (p < 0.001). Mean lymphocyte count was statistically lower in patients with ocular manifestations (p = 0.001). Mean age and number of patients with fever over 37.3 \u00b0C in the ocular involvement group was found to be higher (p < 0.001, p = 0.006, respectively). Older age, high fever, increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and high levels of acute phase reactants seemed to be risk factors for ocular involvement."}, {"pmid": 32511943, "title": "Retraction-Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Mehra, Mandeep R", "Ruschitzka, Frank", "Patel, Amit N"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511943", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233018, "pmcid": "PMC7228318", "title": "Covid-19 and diabetes mellitus: unveiling the interaction of two pandemics.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Res Rev", "authors": ["Maddaloni, Ernesto", "Buzzetti, Raffaella"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233018", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel RNA betacoronavirus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has now been declared pandemic disease by WHO. Guo et al published the first report of biochemical features in patients with diabetes and the further risk that this disease can determine to the progression of Covid-19. Among different cytokines found significantly higher in patients with diabetes compared to those without, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is already increased in conditions of chronic inflammation, may play a more deleterious role in Covid-19 infection. Targeting the overexpression of Il-6 effects with a monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptor or using Janus Kinase inhibitors may be particularly helpful for treatment of Covid-19 pneumonia in diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32453637, "title": "Mental Health Treatment for Front-Line Clinicians During and After the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Plea to the Medical Community.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Taylor, Warren D", "Blackford, Jennifer Urbano"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453637", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386460, "pmcid": "PMC7272985", "title": "Chilblains in children in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Andina, David", "Noguera-Morel, Lucero", "Bascuas-Arribas, Marta", "Gaitero-Tristan, Jara", "Alonso-Cadenas, Jose Antonio", "Escalada-Pellitero, Silvia", "Hernandez-Martin, Angela", "de la Torre-Espi, Mercedes", "Colmenero, Isabel", "Torrelo, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386460", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Different skin manifestations of COVID-19 are being reported. Acral lesions on the hands and feet, closely resembling chilblains, have been recognized during the peak incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective review of 22 children and adolescents with chilblain-like lesions seen over a short period of time in the Emergency Department of a children's hospital during the peak incidence of COVID-19 in Madrid, Spain. All patients had lesions clinically consistent with chilblains of the toes or feet, with three also having lesions of the fingers. Pruritus and mild pain were the only skin symptoms elicited, and only 10 had mild respiratory and/or GI symptoms. None had fever. Coagulation tests, hemogram, serum chemistry, and lupus anticoagulant were normal in all patients tested. One out of 16 tested cases had elevated D-dimer results, but without systemic symptoms or other laboratory anomalies. SARS-CoV-2 PCR tested in 19 cases was positive in just one case. Skin biopsies obtained in six patients were consistent with chilblains. On follow-up, all cases showed spontaneous marked improvement or complete healing. Acute chilblains were observed during COVID-19 pandemic in children and teenagers. It is a mildly symptomatic condition with an excellent prognosis, usually requiring no therapy. Etiopathogenesis remains unknown."}, {"pmid": 32521411, "title": "Excess mortality during the Covid-19 pandemic: Early evidence from England and Wales.", "journal": "Soc Sci Med", "authors": ["Vandoros, Sotiris"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521411", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has claimed many lives in the UK and globally. The objective of this paper is to study whether the number of deaths not registered as Covid-19-related has increased compared to what would have been expected in the absence of the pandemic. Reasons behind this might include Covid-19 underreporting, avoiding visits to hospitals or GPs, and the effects of the lockdown. I used weekly ONS data on the number of deaths in England and Wales that did not officially involve Covid-19 over the period 2015-2020. Simply observing trends is not sufficient as spikes in deaths may occasionally occur. I thus followed a difference-in-differences econometric approach to study whether there was a relative increase in deaths not registered as Covid-19-related during the pandemic, compared to a control. Results suggest that there were an additional 968 weekly deaths that officially did not involve Covid-19, compared to what would have otherwise been expected. It is possible that some people are dying from Covid-19 without being diagnosed, and/or that there are excess deaths due to other causes as a result of the pandemic. Analysing the cause of death for any excess non-covid-19 deaths will shed light upon the reasons for the increase in such deaths and will help design appropriate policy responses to save lives."}, {"pmid": 32414997, "title": "Responding to a Pandemic: The COVID-19 Story.", "journal": "Neurol India", "authors": ["Kang, Gagandeep"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277763, "pmcid": "PMC7262302", "title": "Practical Guidance for Managing EMG Requests and Testing during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Kassardjian, Charles D", "Desai, Urvi", "Narayanaswami, Pushpa"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277763", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated cancelation of elective or non-urgent contact with the healthcare system, including non-urgent nerve conduction studies and electromyography (electrodiagnostic [EDX] studies). The definitions of elective and non-urgent are physician judgments, and often are not straightforward. Clinical care must be provided to help our patients in a timely manner, while keeping them, health care personnel and the community safe. Benefit/risk stratification is an important part of this process. We have stratified EDX studies into 3 categories: Urgent, Non-urgent and Possibly Urgent, in an effort to help clinicians triage these referrals. For each category, we provide a rationale and some examples. However, each referral must be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, and the clinical situation will evolve over time, necessitating flexibility in managing EDX triaging. Engaging the referring clinician and, at times, the patient, may be useful in the triage process. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32321874, "title": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Tohoku J Exp Med", "authors": ["Baloch, Saira", "Baloch, Mohsin Ali", "Zheng, Tianli", "Pei, Xiaofang"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321874", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present study provides an overview of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak which has rapidly extended globally within a short period. COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2). SARS-CoV-2 is different from usual coronaviruses responsible for mild sickness such as common cold among human beings. It is crucial to understand the impact and outcome of this pandemic. We therefore overview the changes in the curves of COVID-19 confirmed cases and fatality rate in China and outside of China from 31st of December 2019 to 25th of March 2020. We also aimed to assess the temporal developments and death rate of COVID-19 in China and worldwide. More than 414,179 confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been reported in 197 countries, including 81,848 cases in China and 332,331 outside of China. Furthermore, 18,440 infected patients died from COVID-19 infection; 3,287 cases were from China and 15,153 fatalities were reported worldwide. Among the worldwide infected cases, 113,802 patients have been recovered and discharged from different hospitals. Effective prevention and control measures should be taken to control the disease. The presented Chinese model (protocol) of disease prevention and control could be utilized in order to curb the pandemic situation."}, {"pmid": 32513065, "title": "Persistent Smell Loss Following Undetectable SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Yan, Carol H", "Prajapati, Divya P", "Ritter, Michele L", "DeConde, Adam S"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513065", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The association of smell and taste loss with COVID-19 has been well demonstrated with high prevalence rates. In certain cases, chemosensory loss may be the only symptom of COVID-19 and may linger while other symptoms have resolved. The significance of persistent smell and taste loss and its relationship to ongoing viral shedding has yet to be investigated. In this cross-sectional study, of the 316 laboratory test-confirmed COVID-19 cases at our institution, 46 had subsequent test-based confirmation of viral clearance with 2 consecutive negative RT-PCR test results (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). Olfactory dysfunction was reported by 50% of the patients (23 of 46), with 78% (18 of 23) having subjective persistent smell loss despite negative RT-PCR test results. These preliminary data demonstrate the persistence of self-reported smell loss despite otherwise clinical resolution and undetectable nasal viral RNA."}, {"pmid": 32386808, "pmcid": "PMC7252005", "title": "Prevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among emergency department employees.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Madsen, Troy", "Levin, Nicholas", "Niehus, Karla", "Law, Karen", "Mayer, Jeanmarie", "Chapman, Matthew", "Johnson, Austin", "Hartsell, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386808", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455170, "pmcid": "PMC7234865", "title": "Understanding COVID-19 in children may provide clues to protect at-risk populations.", "journal": "BMJ Paediatr Open", "authors": ["Do, Lien Anh Ha", "Anderson, Jeremy", "Sutton, Philip", "Pellicci, Daniel G", "Mulholland, Kim", "Licciardi, Paul V"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455170", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481379, "title": "The status and trends of coronavirus research: A global bibliometric and visualized analysis.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Mao, Xingjia", "Guo, Lu", "Fu, Panfeng", "Xiang, Chuan"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481379", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Netherlands"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The infectious pneumonia caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, from December 2019 and spread the whole country and even other 24 countries. Coronavirus research is of significance to overcome the epidemic. Our study aims to investigate the global status and trends of coronavirus research. Publications related to the studies of coronavirus research from January 1, 2003 to February 6, 2020 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) of the Web of Science database. A total of 9294 publications were included. The data source was studied and indexed by bibliometric methodology. For visualized study, bibliographic coupling analysis, co-authorship analysis, co-citation analysis, co-occurrence analysis and the analysis of publication trends in coronavirus research were conducted by VOS (visualization of similarities) viewer and GraphPadPrism 6 software. The number of publications about coronavirus research increased sharply in 2004 for SARS outbreak and increased again in 2012 for MERS outbreak. The USA made the highest contributions to the global research with the most total number of publications, total citation frequency, and the highest H-index, while Netherlands had the highest average citation per item. Journal of Virology had the largest publication numbers. The University of Hong Kong is the most contributive institution with the most publications. The main research orientation and funding agency were virology and United States Department of Health Human Services. Keywords of all related studies could be divided into 4 clusters: \"Pathological research,\" \"Epidemiology research,\" \"Clinical research,\" and \"Mechanism research.\" The outbreak of the epidemic could promote coronavirus research, meanwhile, coronavirus research contributes to overcoming the epidemic. Attention should be drawn to the latest popular research, including \"Spike protein,\" \"Receptor binding domain,\" and \"Vaccine.\" Therefore, more and more efforts will be put into mechanism research and vaccine research and development, which can be helpful to deal with the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32171882, "pmcid": "PMC7270534", "title": "COVID 19: Will the 2020 Hajj pilgrimage and Tokyo Olympic Games be cancelled?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gautret, Philippe", "Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A", "Hoang, Van Thuan"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171882", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270923, "pmcid": "PMC7262333", "title": "Stand Together and Deliver: Challenges and Opportunities for Rheumatology Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Arthritis Rheumatol", "authors": ["Koumpouras, Fotios", "Helfgott, Simon"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270923", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271597, "title": "A Model for COVID-19 Prediction in Iran Based on China Parameters.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Zareie, Bushra", "Roshani, Amin", "Mansournia, Mohammad Ali", "Rasouli, Mohammad Aziz", "Moradi, Ghobad"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271597", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of COVID-19 virus from China to other countries and outbreaks of disease require an epidemiological analysis of the disease in the shortest time and an increased awareness of effective interventions. The purpose of this study was to estimate the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran based on the SIR model. The results of the analysis of the epidemiological data of Iran from January 22 to March 24, 2020 were investigated and prediction was made until April 15, 2020. By estimating the three parameters of time-dependent transmission rate, time-dependent recovery rate, and timedependent death rate from Covid-19 outbreak in China, and using the number of Covid-19 infections in Iran, we predicted the number of patients for the next month in Iran. Each of these parameters was estimated using GAM models. All analyses were conducted in R software using the mgcv package. Based on our predictions of Iran about 29000 people will be infected from March 25 to April 15, 2020. On average, 1292 people with COVID-19 are expected to be infected daily in Iran. The epidemic peaks within 3 days (March 25 to March 27, 2020) and reaches its highest point on March 25, 2020 with 1715 infected cases. The most important point is to emphasize the timing of the epidemic peak, hospital readiness, government measures and public readiness to reduce social contact."}, {"pmid": 32511825, "title": "Short-term acceptability by patients and psychiatrists of the turn to psychiatric teleconsultation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Colle, Romain", "Ait Tayeb, Abd El Kader", "de Larminat, Delphine", "Commery, Line", "Boniface, Bruno", "Lasica, Pierre-Alexandre", "Gressier, Florence", "Mecifi, Rima", "Rotenberg, Samuel", "Rigal, Adrien", "Zitoun, Sarah", "Mezzacappa, Antonia", "Nicolicea, Cerasella", "Chaneac, Edouard", "Martin, Severine", "Choucha, Walid", "Hardy, Patrick", "Schouman-Claeys, Elisabeth", "Corruble, Emmanuelle"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511825", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422501, "pmcid": "PMC7227526", "title": "Somatic symptoms and concern regarding COVID-19 among Chinese college and primary school students: A cross-sectional survey.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Liu, Shengyi", "Liu, Ying", "Liu, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422501", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid, ongoing and worldwide coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a global public health emergency. Our objective was to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on somatic symptoms among Chinese college and primary school students, to provide reference data pertaining to the mental health of this population in the context of a public health emergency. In February and March 2020, we explored the somatic symptoms and concerns regarding COVID-19 of 399 college and primary school students in Sichuan Province using the Somatic Self-rating Scale (SSS) and a novel questionnaire, respectively. Logistic regression analysis and non-parametric tests were used to analyze the data. The incidence of somatic symptoms among college students was 34.85 (mild, 26.26%; moderate, 8.59%). The incidence of somatic symptoms in primary school students was 2.39% (all mild). Among the entire cohort, concern regarding COVID-19 was positively correlated with the occurrence of somatic symptoms. Somatic symptoms were more likely among college students expressing greater concern regarding the threat to life and health posed by COVID-19, and the efficacy of prevention and control measures. Among primary school students, only the concern for life and health was associated with a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms. Our data indicate that governments and other relevant agencies should implement different measures to prevent and control mental health disorders diseases in primary school and college students."}, {"pmid": 32340048, "title": "[COVID-19 Pandemic: Stress Experience of Healthcare Workers - A Short Current Review].", "journal": "Psychiatr Prax", "authors": ["Bohlken, Jens", "Schomig, Friederike", "Lemke, Matthias R", "Pumberger, Matthias", "Riedel-Heller, Steffi G"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340048", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Review of studies on the psychological stress of healthcare workers caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A literature search of PubMed was performed using the terms \"COVID-19\", \"stress\", \"mental health\", \"healthcare worker\", \"staff\", \"psychiatry\". Quantitative studies (including letters to the editor) published from January to March 2020 were included. 14 studies on healthcare workers in departments of infectiology, internal medicine, and fever wards including intensive care wards as well as surgery and psychiatry, were included. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ9), Self-rating-Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) were the most often used test instruments. The sample size ranged between 37 and 1257 participants consisting of mostly nursing and medical personnel. The fraction of COVID-19-associated activities varied from 7.5\u200a% to 100\u200a%. An extensive strain was reported due to stress experience as well as depression and anxiety symptoms. Severe degrees of those symptoms were found in 2.2\u200a% to 14.5\u200a% of all participants. The severity of mental symptoms was influenced by age, gender, occupation, specialization, type of activities performed and proximity to COVID-19 patients. As mediator variables selection of personnel, preventive interventions, resilience, and social support were reported. Considering the frequency of mental symptoms occurring in healthcare workers, accompanying mental health informed interventions to facilitate coping are necessary. Further research in this field is needed."}, {"pmid": 32407289, "title": "COVID-19 crisis in Jordan: Response, scenarios, strategies, and recommendations.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Alqutob, Raeda", "Al Nsour, Mohannad", "Tarawneh, Mohammad Rasoul", "Ajlouni, Musa", "Khader, Yousef", "Aqel, Ibrahim", "Kharabsheh, Saad", "Obeidat, Nathir"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407289", "countries": ["Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of 12th April 2020, a total of 389 cases of COVID-19 were confirmed in Jordan. To control this imminent threat, Jordan has enforced public health infection prevention and control measures, called for social distancing, seized all forms of inbound and outbound movement/ international travel, and enacted the Defence Law that transferred the authority to Minister of Defence to work and formulate orders according to the situation. In an effort to support the government in anticipating the requirements of the health system in the upcoming period, an in-depth reflection and examination of different scenarios of the disease spread were developed. This viewpoint suggested different strategies and measures for case detection and contact tracing, clinical management of cases, public health system functioning, and civil society organizations contribution. It is necessary to accelerate containment of the disease to protect the economy and to maintain the continuity of some activities to mitigate the subsequent social, economic and financial impacts. This requires finding a coping mechanism for a period that may be prolonged until laboratories develop a vaccine. In specific, it is strongly recommended to promote community health awareness towards public health prevention and control measures, increase the efficiency and comprehensiveness of the epidemiological investigation/ active and passive surveillance, and employ technology and digital health solutions to track cases and contacts. It is also recommended to increase and expand resources of intensive care units including respirators, increase the capacity and the number of trained health staff in the area of public health and epidemiology, ensure continued provision of essential public health programs and mobilize the resources of non-governmental sector and donors to provide services for refugees and vulnerable populations."}, {"pmid": 32378817, "title": "Inhaled Nebulized Sodium Pyruvate Use in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Isr Med Assoc J", "authors": ["Hidvegi, Mate"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378817", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460927, "pmcid": "PMC7270484", "title": "Association of hypertension with the severity and fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Jingqi", "Wu, Jing", "Sun, Xiaohua", "Xue, Hong", "Shao, Jianguo", "Cai, Weihua", "Jing, Yang", "Yue, Ming", "Dong, Chen"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460927", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hypertension is a common comorbidity in COVID-19 patients. However, the association of hypertension with the severity and fatality of COVID-19 remain unclear. In the present meta-analysis, relevant studies reported the impacts of hypertension on SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified by searching PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Embase and CNKI up to 20 March 2020. As the results shown, 12 publications with 2389 COVID-19 patients (674 severe cases) were included for the analysis of disease severity. The severity rate of COVID-19 in hypertensive patients was much higher than in non-hypertensive cases (37.58% vs 19.73%, pooled OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.80-2.86). Moreover, the pooled ORs of COVID-19 severity for hypertension vs. non-hypertension was 2.21 (95% CI: 1.58-3.10) and 2.32 (95% CI: 1.70-3.17) in age <50 years and \u2a7e50 years patients, respectively. Additionally, six studies with 151 deaths of 2116 COVID-19 cases were included for the analysis of disease fatality. The results showed that hypertensive patients carried a nearly 3.48-fold higher risk of dying from COVID-19 (95% CI: 1.72-7.08). Meanwhile, the pooled ORs of COVID-19 fatality for hypertension vs. non-hypertension was 6.43 (95% CI: 3.40-12.17) and 2.66 (95% CI: 1.27-5.57) in age <50 years and \u2a7e50 years patients, respectively. Neither considerable heterogeneity nor publication bias was observed in the present analysis. Therefore, our present results provided further evidence that hypertension could significantly increase the risks of severity and fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32430652, "pmcid": "PMC7236870", "title": "COVID-19: counter-intuitive data on smoking prevalence and therapeutic implications for nicotine.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Polosa, Riccardo", "Caci, Grazia"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430652", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472675, "title": "Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 with Evidence-Based Supportive Care.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Larson, Derek T", "Sherner, John H", "Gallagher, Kia M", "Judy, Cynthia L", "Paul, Madison B", "Mahoney, Alexandra M", "Weina, Peter J"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472675", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Calls for adherence to evidence-based medicine have emerged during the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic but reports of outcomes are lacking. This retrospective study of a single-institution cohort including 135 patients with confirmed COVID-19 demonstrates positive outcomes when institutional standards of care consist of evidence-based supportive therapies."}, {"pmid": 32372270, "pmcid": "PMC7199867", "title": "Three further ways that the COVID-19 pandemic will affect health outcomes.", "journal": "Int J Public Health", "authors": ["Watkins, Johnathan", "Wulaningsih, Wahyu"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372270", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456715, "title": "Opening Up While Locking Down: How an Irish Independent Sector Mental Health Service is Responding to the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Fearon, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456715", "countries": ["Ireland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic poses a particular of set of challenges for health services. Some of these are common across all services (strategies to minimise infections; timely testing for patients and staff; sourcing appropriate PPE, etc.) and some are specific to mental health services (how to access general medical services quickly; how to safely deliver a service that traditionally depends on intensive face to face contact; how to isolate someone who does not wish to do so; how to source sufficient PPE in the face of competing demands for such equipment). This paper describes how St Patrick's Mental Health Services (SPMHS) chose to address this unfolding and ever-changing crisis, how it developed its strategy early based on a clear set of objectives and how it adapted (and continues to adapt) to the constantly evolving COVID-19 landscape."}, {"pmid": 32377576, "pmcid": "PMC7198587", "title": "Chatbots in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "NPJ Digit Med", "authors": ["Miner, Adam S", "Laranjo, Liliana", "Kocaballi, A Baki"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377576", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are all together in a fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Chatbots, if effectively designed and deployed, could help us by sharing up-to-date information quickly, encouraging desired health impacting behaviors, and lessening the psychological damage caused by fear and isolation. Despite this potential, the risk of amplifying misinformation and the lack of prior effectiveness research is cause for concern. Immediate collaborations between healthcare workers, companies, academics and governments are merited and may aid future pandemic preparedness efforts."}, {"pmid": 32449091, "pmcid": "PMC7245991", "title": "Lack of viral clearance by the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin or lopinavir and ritonavir in SARS-CoV-2-related acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Hraiech, Sami", "Bourenne, Jeremy", "Kuteifan, Khaldoun", "Helms, Julie", "Carvelli, Julien", "Gainnier, Marc", "Meziani, Ferhat", "Papazian, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449091", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483311, "pmcid": "PMC7261650", "title": "COVID-19 patients with hypertension have more severe disease: a multicenter retrospective observational study.", "journal": "Hypertens Res", "authors": ["Huang, Songjiang", "Wang, Jianwen", "Liu, Fen", "Liu, Jiacheng", "Cao, Guijuan", "Yang, Chongtu", "Liu, Wei", "Tu, Chao", "Zhu, Muxin", "Xiong, Bin"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483311", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to explore the effect of hypertension on disease progression and prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 310 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were studied. A comparison was made between two groups of patients, those with hypertension and those without hypertension. Their demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators, and treatment methods were collected and analyzed. A total of 310 patients, including 113 patients with hypertension and 197 patients without hypertension, were included in the analysis. Compared with patients without hypertension, patients with hypertension were older, were more likely to have diabetes and cerebrovascular disease, and were more likely to be transferred to the intensive care unit. The neutrophil count and lactate dehydrogenase, fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels in hypertensive patients were significantly higher than those in nonhypertensive patients (P\u2009<\u20090.05). However, multivariate analysis (adjusted for age and sex) failed to show that hypertension was an independent risk factor for COVID-19 mortality or severity. COVID-19 patients with hypertension were more likely than patients without hypertension to have severe pneumonia, excessive inflammatory reactions, organ and tissue damage, and deterioration of the disease. Patients with hypertension should be given additional attention to prevent worsening of their condition."}, {"pmid": 32363349, "pmcid": "PMC7195905", "title": "Moral Injury in Times of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Health Serv Psychol", "authors": ["Williams, Roger D", "Brundage, Jessica A", "Williams, Erin B"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363349", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health care providers are facing increased risk of moral distress during the COVID-19 pandemic because of changes in clinical practice and resource allocation procedures. Health care systems that employ a proactive approach in mitigating the lasting effects of moral distress will fare better in the long run. Psychologists are well poised to apply timely psychological first aid to the crisis needs of patients, colleagues, and even themselves. Key interventions are detailed, including creating and promoting safety, calmness, connectedness, self-efficacy, and hope."}, {"pmid": 32398297, "pmcid": "PMC7236820", "title": "Pulmonary embolism in patients with Covid-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Bompard, Florian", "Monnier, Hippolyte", "Saab, Ines", "Tordjman, Mickael", "Abdoul, Hendy", "Fournier, Laure", "Sanchez, Olivier", "Lorut, Christine", "Chassagnon, Guillaume", "Revel, Marie-Pierre"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398297", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490730, "title": "Measuring anxiety related to COVID-19: A Turkish validation study of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale.", "journal": "Death Stud", "authors": ["Evren, Cuneyt", "Evren, Bilge", "Dalbudak, Ercan", "Topcu, Merve", "Kutlu, Nilay"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490730", "countries": ["Turkey"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the current study is to validate the Turkish version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). Participants were assessed across the CAS, Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) and Fear of COVID-19 Scale. We surveyed 1023 Turkish native speakers who participated online. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor structure of the CAS was satisfactory. The scale was internally consistent with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.80. Positive correlations of the CAS with the OCS and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale demonstrated adequate convergent validity. These findings suggest that the CAS is a valid and reliable measure to assess the severity of dysfunctional coronavirus related anxiety."}, {"pmid": 32297590, "pmcid": "PMC7253099", "title": "Rigorous Randomized Controlled Trial Implementation in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Oldenburg, Catherine E", "Doan, Thuy"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297590", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292252, "pmcid": "PMC7150607", "title": "Recommendations for Surgery During the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemic.", "journal": "Indian J Surg", "authors": ["Liu, Zheng", "Zhang, Yawei", "Wang, Xishan", "Zhang, Daming", "Diao, Dechang", "Chandramohan, K", "Booth, Christopher M"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292252", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The whole world is going through an unprecedented period during the pandemic of COVID-19. This pandemic has affected all aspects of daily life with far-reaching implications, especially in most aspects of healthcare. Practice of surgery across the globe is in a standstill as of now. When we restart surgical practices across world, we have to bring new protocols and practices in place to combat the transmission. This article discusses the major changes in surgical practice, which need to be brought in. This article is based on scientific information about transmission of virus and experiences of some of the authors from China, a country which successfully dealt with and contained the virus outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32372809, "pmcid": "PMC7195036", "title": "Facing two deadly viruses.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Yeung, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372809", "countries": ["Congo"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As covid-19 begins to take hold, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has detected its first new Ebola cases in months, reports Peter Yeung."}, {"pmid": 32522301, "title": "Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and geropsychiatric care for older adults: a view from Turkey.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Naharci, Mehmet Ilkin", "Katipoglu, Bilal", "Tasci, Ilker"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522301", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32185921, "title": "[Challenges and countermeasures on Chinese malaria elimination programme during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak].", "journal": "Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhu, G D", "Cao, J"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185921", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the end of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been extensively epidemic in China, which not only seriously threatens the safety and health of Chinese people, but also challenges the management of other infectious diseases. Currently, there are still approximately three thousand malaria cases imported into China every year. If the diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases as well as the investigation and response of the epidemic foci are not carried out timely, it may endanger patients'lives and cause the possible of secondary transmission, which threatens the achievements of malaria elimination in China. Due to the extensive spread and high transmission ability of the COVID-19, there is a possibility of virus infections among malaria cases during the medical care-seeking behaviors and among healthcare professionals during clinical diagnosis and treatment, sample collection and testing and epidemiological surveys. This paper analyzes the challenges of the COVID-19 for Chinese malaria elimination programme, and proposes the countermeasures in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, so as to provide the reference for healthcare professionals."}, {"pmid": 32457932, "pmcid": "PMC7250427", "title": "Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19.", "journal": "Toxicol Commun", "authors": ["Erickson, T B", "Chai, P R", "Boyer, E W"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457932", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The media have featured the antimalarials chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to treat coronavirus (COVID-19). Political leaders have touted their use and recommended availability to the public. These anti-inflammatory agents have substantial human toxicity with a narrow therapeutic window. CQ and HCQ poisoning cause myocardial depression and profound hypotension due to vasodilation. Bradycardia and ventricular escape rhythms arise from impaired myocardial automaticity and conductivity due to sodium and potassium channel blockade. With cardiotoxicity, ECGs may show widened QRS, atrioventricular heart block and QT interval prolongation. CQ may also cause seizures, often refractory to standard treatment. Of concern is pediatric poisoning, where 1-2 pills of CQ or HCQ can cause serious and potentially fatal toxicity in a toddler. The treatment of CQ/HCQ poisoning includes high-dose intravenous diazepam postulated to have positive ionotropic and antidysrhythmic properties that may antagonize the cardiotoxic effects of CQ. Infusions of epinephrine titrated to treat unstable hypotension, as well as potassium for severe hypokalemia may be required. Current scientific evidence does not support treatment or prophylactic use of these agents for COVID-19 disease. Regulatory and public health authorities recognize that CQ/HCQ may offer little clinical benefit and only add risk requiring further investigation before wider public distribution."}, {"pmid": 32385987, "title": "[My treatment strategies for severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Yu, Zhui"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385987", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419709, "pmcid": "PMC7225704", "title": "A Case Report of Oligosymptomatic Kidney Transplant Patients with COVID-19: Do They Pose a Risk to Other Recipients?", "journal": "Transplant Proc", "authors": ["Kocak, Burak", "Arpali, Emre", "Akyollu, Basak", "Yelken, Berna", "Tekin, Suda", "Kanbay, Mehmet", "Turkmen, Aydin", "Kalayoglu, Munci"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419709", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32040667, "pmcid": "PMC7079862", "title": "Critical care management of adults with community-acquired severe respiratory viral infection.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Arabi, Yaseen M", "Fowler, Robert", "Hayden, Frederick G"], "date": "2020-02-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32040667", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the expanding use of molecular assays, viral pathogens are increasingly recognized among critically ill adult patients with community-acquired severe respiratory illness; studies have detected respiratory viral infections (RVIs) in 17-53% of such patients. In addition, novel pathogens including zoonotic coronaviruses like the agents causing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019 nCoV) are still being identified. Patients with severe RVIs requiring ICU care present typically with hypoxemic respiratory failure. Oseltamivir is the most widely used neuraminidase inhibitor for treatment of influenza; data suggest that early use is associated with reduced mortality in critically ill patients with influenza. At present, there are no antiviral therapies of proven efficacy for other severe RVIs. Several adjunctive pharmacologic interventions have been studied for their immunomodulatory effects, including macrolides, corticosteroids, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, sirolimus, statins, anti-influenza immune plasma, and vitamin C, but none is recommended at present in severe RVIs. Evidence-based supportive care is the mainstay for management of severe respiratory viral infection. Non-invasive ventilation in patients with severe RVI causing acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and pneumonia is associated with a high likelihood of transition to invasive ventilation. Limited existing knowledge highlights the need for data regarding supportive care and adjunctive pharmacologic therapy that is specific for critically ill patients with severe RVI. There is a need for more pragmatic and efficient designs to test different therapeutics both individually and in combination."}, {"pmid": 32516839, "title": "Early experience with convalescent plasma as immunotherapy for COVID-19 in China: Knowns and unknowns.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Chen, Binzhen", "Xia, Rong"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516839", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the absence of a vaccine or specific drug treatment options for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), attention has been shifted in China to the possible therapeutic use of convalescent plasma. COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) is currently under investigation. We summarized clinical studies and other research data available as of May 5, 2020, on CCP therapy according to the Clinical Treatment Guideline of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in China, as well as clinical experience at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, as part of a comprehensive anti-epidemic strategy. As of May 5, 2020, when the epidemic was well-controlled in China, healthcare databases and sources of English literature relating to convalescent plasma were searched and reviewed. Sources of clinical and methodological heterogeneity were identified. As of May 5, 2020, up to 2,000 samples of CCP had been collected across China and administered to 700 COVID-19 patients. From donors, 200-400 mL of plasma were collected at each donation, with antibody titers >1:160. We identified three clinical studies for COVID-19 in China. Analyses showed a statistically significant improvement in clinical outcomes compared with untreated cases (P<0.001). No adverse effects were reported. From initial studies, convalescent plasma therapy appears effective and safe for COVID-19. However, there is clearly a need for well-designed RCTs (randomized controlled trials) or other formal studies to further evaluate the efficacy and any potential adverse effects of CCP."}, {"pmid": 32241328, "pmcid": "PMC7171227", "title": "Limited Early Warnings and Public Attention to Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China, January-February, 2020: A Longitudinal Cohort of Randomly Sampled Weibo Users.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Zhu, Yuner", "Fu, King-Wa", "Grepin, Karen A", "Liang, Hai", "Fung, Isaac Chun-Hai"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241328", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Awareness and attentiveness have implications for the acceptance and adoption of disease prevention and control measures. Social media posts provide a record of the public's attention to an outbreak. To measure the attention of Chinese netizens to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pre-established nationally representative cohort of Weibo users was searched for COVID-19-related key words in their posts. COVID-19-related posts (N = 1101) were retrieved from a longitudinal cohort of 52 268 randomly sampled Weibo accounts (December 31, 2019-February 12, 2020). Attention to COVID-19 was limited prior to China openly acknowledging human-to-human transmission on January 20. Following this date, attention quickly increased and has remained high over time. Particularly high levels of social media traffic appeared around when Wuhan was first placed in quarantine (January 23-24, 8-9% of the overall posts), when a scandal associated with the Red Cross Society of China occurred (February 1, 8%), and, following the death of Dr Li Wenliang (February 6-7, 11%), one of the whistleblowers who was reprimanded by the Chinese police in early January for discussing this outbreak online. Limited early warnings represent missed opportunities to engage citizens earlier in the outbreak. Governments should more proactively communicate early warnings to the public in a transparent manner."}, {"pmid": 32387029, "pmcid": "PMC7196376", "title": "The Kerala Model of health care delivery and its impact on Oral cancer care during the COVID 19 pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Varghese, Bipin T"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387029", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363333, "pmcid": "PMC7195288", "title": "A real-time dashboard of clinical trials for COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["Thorlund, Kristian", "Dron, Louis", "Park, Jay", "Hsu, Grace", "Forrest, Jamie I", "Mills, Edward J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363333", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376108, "pmcid": "PMC7252137", "title": "Archetype analysis of older adult immunization decision-making and implementation in 34 countries.", "journal": "Vaccine", "authors": ["Privor-Dumm, Lois", "Vasudevan, Prarthana", "Kobayashi, Kana", "Gupta, Jaya"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376108", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global population of adults over 65 years of age is growing rapidly and is expected to double by 2050. Countries will face substantial health, economic and social burden deriving from vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) such as influenza, pneumonia and herpes zoster in older adults. It will be essential that countries utilize several public health strategies, including immunization. Understanding the different approaches countries have taken on adult immunization could help provide future learnings and technical support for adult vaccines within life-course immunization strategies. In this study, we describe the priorities and approaches that underlie adult immunization decision-making and implementation processes in 32 high-and-middle-income countries and two territories (\"34 countries\") who recommend adult vaccines in their national schedule. We conducted an archetype analysis based on a subset of two dozen indicators abstracted from a larger database. The analysis was based on a mixed-methods study, including results from 120 key informant interviews in six countries and a landscape review of secondary data from 34 countries. We found four distinct archetypes: disease prevention-focused; health security-focused; evolving adult focus; and, child-focused and cost-sensitive. The highest performing countries belonged to the disease prevention-focused and health security archetypes, although there was a range of performance within each archetype. Considering common barriers and facilitators of decision-making and implementation of adult vaccines within a primary archetype could help provide a framework for strategies to support countries with similar needs and approaches. It can also help in developing context-specific policies and guidance, including for countries prioritizing adult immunization programs in light of COVID-19. Further research may be beneficial to further refine archetypes and expand the understanding of what influences success within them. This can help advance policies and action that will improve vaccine access for older adults and build a stronger appreciation of the value of immunization amongst a variety of stakeholders."}, {"pmid": 32500326, "pmcid": "PMC7271634", "title": "Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in 100 patients hospitalized for COVID-19: sex differences and recovery time in real-life.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Meini, Simone", "Suardi, Lorenzo Roberto", "Busoni, Michele", "Roberts, Anna Teresa", "Fortini, Alberto"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500326", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 displays a variety of clinical manifestations; in pauci-symptomatic patients olfactory (OD) and gustatory dysfunctions (GD) may represent the first or only symptom. This topic is currently arousing great interest, and a growing number of papers are being published. Aim of this study is to investigate the timing of recovery from OD and GD in a real-life population hospitalized for COVID-19. We followed up by a phone interview the first 100 patients discharged a month earlier from three Italian non-intensive care wards. All 100 patients were Caucasian, mean age was 65\u00a0years, 60% were males. Forty-two patients (mean age 63\u00a0years) experienced subjective chemosensory dysfunctions (29 OD and 41 GD): the male/female ratio was 2:1; 83% reported a complete or near complete recovery at follow-up. The recovery rate was not significantly different between males and females. The mean duration of OD and GD was 18 and 16\u00a0days, respectively. The mean recovery time from OD or GD resulted significantly longer for females than for males (26 vs 14\u00a0days, P\u2009=\u20090.009). Among the 42 symptomatic, the mean age of males was significantly higher than that of females (66 vs 57\u00a0years, P\u2009=\u20090.04), while the opposite was observed in the 58 asymptomatic patients (60 vs 73\u00a0years, P\u2009=\u20090.0018). Recovery from OD or GD was rapid, occurring within 4\u00a0weeks in most patients. Chemosensory dysfunctions in women was less frequent, but longer lasting. The value of our study is its focus on a population of hospitalized patients significantly older than those previously described, and the additional data on gender differences."}, {"pmid": 32425205, "pmcid": "PMC7232073", "title": "The Thoracic Surgery Social Media Network Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Luc, Jessica G Y", "Archer, Michael A", "Arora, Rakesh C", "Bender, Edward M", "Blitz, Arie", "Cooke, David T", "Elde, Stefan", "Guy, T Sloane", "Halpern, Alison L", "Harrington, Caitlin", "Hlci, Tamara Ni", "Kidane, Biniam", "Olive, Jacqueline K", "Ouzounian, Maral", "Stamp, Nikki", "Vervoort, Dominique", "Varghese, Thomas K Jr", "Antonoff, Mara B"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425205", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445904, "pmcid": "PMC7239778", "title": "Hyperactive Delirium Requires More Aggressive Management in Patients with COVID-19: Temporarily Rethinking \"Low and Slow\".", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Sanders, Barton J", "Bakar, Melissa", "Mehta, Sonal", "Reid, M Carrington", "Siegler, Eugenia L", "Abrams, Robert C", "Adelman, Ronald D", "Lachs, Mark S"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445904", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469410, "pmcid": "PMC7260620", "title": "Venous Thrombosis Among Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Nahum, Julien", "Morichau-Beauchant, Tristan", "Daviaud, Fabrice", "Echegut, Perrine", "Fichet, Jerome", "Maillet, Jean-Michel", "Thierry, Stephane"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469410", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425198, "pmcid": "PMC7229476", "title": "North American COVID-19 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NACMI) registry: Rationale, design, and implications.", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Dehghani, Payam", "Davidson, Laura J", "Grines, Cindy L", "Nayak, Keshav", "Saw, Jackie", "Kaul, Prashant", "Bagai, Akshay", "Garberich, Ross", "Schmidt, Christian", "Ly Md Sm, Hung Q", "Giri, Jay", "Meraj, Perwaiz", "Shah, Binita", "Garcia, Santiago", "Sharkey, Scott", "Wood, David A", "Welt, Frederick G", "Mahmud, Ehtisham M", "Henry, Timothy D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425198", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has resulted in a global pandemic. Patients with cardiovascular risk factors or established cardiovascular disease are more likely to experience severe or critical COVID-19 illness and myocardial injury is a key extra-pulmonary manifestation. These patients frequently present with ST-elevation on an electrocardiogram (ECG) due to multiple etiologies including obstructive, non-obstructive, and/or angiographically normal coronary arteries. The incidence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) mimics in COVID-19 positive hospitalized patients, and the association with morbidity and mortality is unknown. Understanding the natural history and appropriate management of COVID-19 patients presenting with ST elevation is essential to inform patient management decisions and protect healthcare workers. The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) and The Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology (CAIC) in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Interventional Council have collaborated to create a multi-center observational registry, North American COVID-19 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NACMI). This registry will enroll confirmed COVID-19 patients and persons under investigation (PUI) with new ST-segment elevation or new onset left bundle branch block (LBBB) on the ECG with clinical suspicion of myocardial ischemia. We will compare demographics, clinical findings, outcomes and management of these patients with a historical control group of over 15,000 consecutive STEMI activation patients from the Midwest STEMI Consortium using propensity matching. The primary clinical outcome will be in- hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as composite of all-cause mortality, stroke, recurrent MI, and repeat unplanned revascularization in COVID-19 confirmed or PUI. Secondary outcomes will include the following: reporting of etiologies of ST Elevation; cardiovascular mortality due to myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest and /or shock; individual components of the primary outcome; composite primary outcome at one year; as well as ECG and angiographic characteristics. The multicenter NACMI registry will collect data regarding ST elevation on ECG in COVID-19 patients to determine the etiology and associated clinical outcomes. The collaboration and speed with which this registry has been created, refined, and promoted serves as a template for future research endeavors."}, {"pmid": 32283006, "pmcid": "PMC7160911", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: Olfaction, Brain Infection, and the Urgent Need for Clinical Samples Allowing Earlier Virus Detection.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Butowt, Rafal", "Bilinska, Katarzyna"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283006", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has very high infectivity, which allows it to spread rapidly around the world. Attempts at slowing the pandemic at this stage depend on the number and quality of diagnostic tests performed. We propose that the olfactory epithelium from the nasal cavity may be a more appropriate tissue for detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus at the earliest stages, prior to onset of symptoms or even in asymptomatic people, as compared to commonly used sputum or nasopharyngeal swabs. Here we emphasize that the nasal cavity olfactory epithelium is the likely site of enhanced binding of SARS-CoV-2. Multiple non-neuronal cell types present in the olfactory epithelium express two host receptors, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 proteases, that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 binding, replication, and accumulation. This may be the underlying mechanism for the recently reported cases of smell dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, the possibility of subsequent brain infection should be considered which begins in olfactory neurons. In addition, we discuss the possibility that olfactory receptor neurons may initiate rapid immune responses at early stages of the disease. We emphasize the need to undertake research focused on additional aspects of SARS-CoV-2 actions in the nervous system, especially in the olfactory pathway."}, {"pmid": 32276259, "pmcid": "PMC7161161", "title": "Introduction. On pandemics: the impact of COVID-19 on the practice of neurosurgery.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Kondziolka, Doug", "Couldwell, William T", "Rutka, James T"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276259", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307028, "pmcid": "PMC7198454", "title": "COVID-19: The daunting experience of healthcare workers in Sardinia, Italy.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Bellizzi, Saverio", "Fiamma, Maura", "Arru, Luigi", "Farina, Gabriele", "Manca, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307028", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432445, "title": "The kidney in COVID-19: protagonist or figurant?", "journal": "Panminerva Med", "authors": ["Staico, Maria Francesca", "Zaffanello, Marco", "Di Pietro, Giulia", "Fanos, Vassilios", "Marcialis, Maria Antonietta"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432445", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The etiology of injury in COVID-19 patients is diverse and multifactorial. Autopsy and biopsy studies reveal, alongside podocyte and tubular cell anomalies, the presence of virion within the cells. Evidence suggests that, in addition to the direct cytopathic effect of SARS- CoV2 on the glomeruli and renal tubules, there is also the indirect effect of cell-mediated immunity, the cytokines storm and the cross-talk between organs with possible systemic effects of the disease. These mechanisms are interconnected and have profound therapeutic implications involving extracorporeal removal of inflammatory cytokines. Dialysis patients, and children, in particular, should be classified as \"at high risk\" of contracting the disease. Infections are one of the most frequent causes of death in children with chronic renal failure who undergo dialysis. The reasons for this particular susceptibility are to be found in the compromised immune system, secondary to chronic malnutrition, immunosuppressive therapy, and uremia, frequent contact with healthcare personnel and other patients attending the dialysis unit and in need of the presence of other family members during treatment."}, {"pmid": 32407409, "pmcid": "PMC7224553", "title": "The psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the general mainland Chinese population: A web-based survey.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Wang, Huiyao", "Xia, Qian", "Xiong, Zhenzhen", "Li, Zhixiong", "Xiang, Weiyi", "Yuan, Yiwen", "Liu, Yaya", "Li, Zhe"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407409", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the epidemic outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), general population may experience psychological distress. Evidence has suggested that negative coping styles may be related to subsequent mental illness. Therefore, we investigate the general population's psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-sectional battery of surveys was conducted from February 1-4, 2020. The Kessler 6 psychological distress scale, the simplified coping style questionnaire and a general information questionnaire were administered on-line to a convenience sample of 1599 in China. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the influence factors of psychological distress. General population's psychological distress were significant differences based on age, marriage, epidemic contact characteristics, concern with media reports, and perceived impacts of the epidemic outbreak (all p <0.001) except gender (p = 0.316). The population with younger age (F = 102.04), unmarried (t = 15.28), with history of visiting Wuhan in the past month (t = -40.86), with history of epidemics occurring in the community (t = -10.25), more concern with media reports (F = 21.84), perceived more impacts of the epidemic outbreak (changes over living situations, F = 331.71; emotional control, F = 1863.07; epidemic-related dreams, F = 1642.78) and negative coping style (t = 37.41) had higher level of psychological distress. Multivariate analysis found that marriage, epidemic contact characteristics, perceived impacts of the epidemic and coping style were the influence factors of psychological distress (all p <0.001). Epidemic of COVID-19 caused high level of psychological distress. The general mainland Chinese population with unmarried, history of visiting Wuhan in the past month, perceived more impacts of the epidemic and negative coping style had higher level of psychological distress in the early stages of COVID-19 epidemic. Psychological interventions should be implemented early, especially for those general population with such characteristics."}, {"pmid": 32194290, "pmcid": "PMC7111105", "title": "Social Capital and Sleep Quality in Individuals Who Self-Isolated for 14 Days During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in January 2020 in China.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Xiao, Han", "Zhang, Yan", "Kong, Desheng", "Li, Shiyue", "Yang, Ningxi"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194290", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND From the end of December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began to spread in central China. Social capital is a measure of social trust, belonging, and participation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of social capital on sleep quality and the mechanisms involved in people who self-isolated at home for 14 days in January 2020 during the COVID-19 epidemic in central China. MATERIAL AND METHODS Individuals (n=170) who self-isolated at home for 14 days in central China, completed self-reported questionnaires on the third day of isolation. Individual social capital was assessed using the Personal Social Capital Scale 16 (PSCI-16) questionnaire. Anxiety was assessed using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) questionnaire, stress was assessed using the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction (SASR) questionnaire, and sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Path analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between a dependent variable (social capital) and two or more independent variables, using Pearson's correlation analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). RESULTS Low levels of social capital were associated with increased levels of anxiety and stress, but increased levels of social capital were positively associated with increased quality of sleep. Anxiety was associated with stress and reduced sleep quality, and the combination of anxiety and stress reduced the positive effects of social capital on sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS During a period of individual self-isolation during the COVID-19 virus epidemic in central China, increased social capital improved sleep quality by reducing anxiety and stress."}, {"pmid": 32146248, "pmcid": "PMC7133679", "title": "The psychiatric impact of the novel coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Carvalho, Poliana Moreira de Medeiros", "Moreira, Marcial Moreno", "de Oliveira, Matheus Nogueira Arcanjo", "Landim, Jose Marcondes Macedo", "Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32146248", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531225, "pmcid": "PMC7283054", "title": "Protecting the Homeless During The COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Tan, Li Feng", "Chua, Joo Wei"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482415, "pmcid": "PMC7205706", "title": "Oxygenation device with reservoir and PEEP (ODRPEEP) in patients with acute respiratory distress due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Segura Alba, Oscar", "Nieto Fernandez-Pacheco, Antonio", "Pardo Rios, Manuel"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482415", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404652, "pmcid": "PMC7236851", "title": "Innovation During COVID-19: Improving Addiction Treatment Access.", "journal": "J Addict Med", "authors": ["Samuels, Elizabeth A", "Clark, Seth A", "Wunsch, Caroline", "Keeler, Lee Ann Jordison", "Reddy, Neha", "Vanjani, Rahul", "Wightman, Rachel S"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404652", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": During the COVID-19 pandemic, many addiction treatment and harm reduction organizations have had to reduce their hours and services for people with substance use disorders, placing these individuals at increased risk of death. In order to address restricted treatment access during COVID-19, guidance from the Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration, the US Drug Enforcement Administration, and the US Department of Health and Human Services has allowed for use of audio-only telehealth encounters for buprenorphine induction without requiring an in-person evaluation or video interface. This has enabled innovations in order to try to meet the needs of the most vulnerable among us during the current pandemic. In this new regulatory environment, we established the Rhode Island Buprenorphine Hotline, a phone hotline which functions as a \"tele-bridge\" clinic where people with moderate to severe opioid use disorder can be linked with a DATA 2000 waivered provider who can provide an initial assessment and, if appropriate, prescribe buprenorphine for unobserved induction and linkage to outpatient treatment. In this correspondence we briefly share our experience developing this common sense approach to addressing the complex problem of access to treatment only now permissible due to regulatory changes during COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32333581, "title": "Contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) to detect abdominal microcirculatory disorders in severe cases of COVID-19 infection: First experience.", "journal": "Clin Hemorheol Microcirc", "authors": ["Jung, E M", "Stroszczynski, C", "Jung, F"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333581", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the hands of experienced examiners, the contrast enhanced sonography (CEUS) offers the possibility to analyze dynamic microcirculatory disturbances in real time dynamically without any risk for kidneys and thyroid gland even in severe progressing disease bedside. Based on severe COVID-19 infections, first experiences with abdominal CEUS examinations are presented. In the stage of an imminent organ failure with significantly reduced kidney and liver function, CEUS can be used to show a narrowing of the organ-supplying arteries, as well as a delayed capillary filling of vessels near the capsule, a regional reduced parenchymal perfusion or an inflammatory hyperemia with capillary hypercirculation. It is possible to quickly rule out organ infarction and to dynamically record the mesenteric arterial and venous blood flow."}, {"pmid": 32247017, "pmcid": "PMC7118624", "title": "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and COVID-19 infection during pregnancy.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247017", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378729, "title": "COVID-19 - Toward a comprehensive understanding of the disease.", "journal": "Cardiol J", "authors": ["Kowalik, Maciej M", "Trzonkowski, Piotr", "Lasinska-Kowara, Magdalena", "Mital, Andrzej", "Smiatacz, Tomasz", "Jaguszewski, Milosz"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378729", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The evidence on the pathophysiology of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly growing. Understanding why some patients suffering from COVID-19 are getting so sick, while others are not, has become an informal imperative for researchers and clinicians around the globe. The answer to this question would allow rationalizing the fear surrounding this pandemic. Understanding of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 relies on an understanding of interplaying mechanisms, including SARS-CoV-2 virulence, human immune response, and complex inflammatory reactions with coagulation playing a major role. An interplay with bacterial co-infections, as well as the vascular system and microcirculation affected throughout the body should also be examined. More importantly, a compre-hensive understanding of pathological mechanisms of COVID-19 will increase the efficacy of therapy and decrease mortality. Herewith, presented is the current state of knowledge on COVID-19: beginning from the virus, its transmission, and mechanisms of entry into the human body, through the pathological effects on the cellular level, up to immunological reaction, systemic and organ presentation. Last but not least, currently available and possible future therapeutic and diagnostic options are briefly commented on."}, {"pmid": 32444293, "pmcid": "PMC7211648", "title": "Respiratory protection among healthcare workers during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ruetzler, Kurt", "Smereka, Jacek", "Ludwin, Kobi", "Drozd, Anna", "Szarpak, Lukasz"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269375, "title": "Ten work-life balance tips for researchers based at home during the pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Taylor, Lucy A"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269375", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467201, "pmcid": "PMC7241931", "title": "COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Pitalia, Shikha"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467201", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424192, "title": "CRISPR tool scales up to interrogate a huge line-up of viral suspects.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Storch, Gregory A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424192", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250235, "pmcid": "PMC7211994", "title": "A global needs assessment in times of a global crisis: world psychiatry response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BJPsych Open", "authors": ["Kaufman, Kenneth R", "Petkova, Eva", "Bhui, Kamaldeep S", "Schulze, Thomas G"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250235", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has stunned the global community with marked social and psychological ramifications. There are key challenges for psychiatry that require urgent attention to ensure mental health well-being for all - COVID-19-positive patients, healthcare professionals, first responders, people with psychiatric disorders and the general population. This editorial outlines some of these challenges and research questions, and serves as a preliminary framework of what needs to be addressed. Mental healthcare should be an integral component of healthcare policy and practice towards COVID-19. Collaborative efforts from psychiatric organisations and their members are required to maximise appropriate clinical and educational interventions while minimising stigma."}, {"pmid": 32457086, "title": "Can video consultations replace face-to-face interviews? Palliative medicine and the Covid-19 pandemic: rapid review.", "journal": "BMJ Support Palliat Care", "authors": ["Sutherland, Anna Elizabeth", "Stickland, Jane", "Wee, Bee"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457086", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the Covid-19 pandemic, a strategy to minimise face-to-face (FtF) visits and limit viral spread is essential. Video consultations offer clinical assessment despite restricted movement of people.We undertook a rapid literature review to identify the highest currently available level of evidence to inform this major change in clinical practice. We present a narrative synthesis of the one international and one national guideline and two systematic reviews-all published within the last 18 months.The global evidence appears to support video consultations as an effective, accessible, acceptable and cost-effective method of service delivery. Organisations must ensure software is simple, effective, reliable and safe, with the highest level of security for confidentiality.Although video consultations cannot fully replace FtF, they can radically reduce the need for FtF and the risk of Covid-19 spread in our communities while maintaining high standards of care. For patient safety, it will be critical to follow the WHO guidance regarding: a standard operating procedure; clinical protocols for when video consultations can (and cannot) be used; policies to ensure equity of access in disadvantaged populations; adequate staff training; and administrative support to coordinate appointments."}, {"pmid": 32409763, "title": "Dogs caught coronavirus from their owners, genetic analysis suggests.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409763", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415341, "pmcid": "PMC7226710", "title": "Oncology services in corona times: a flash interview among German cancer patients and their physicians.", "journal": "J Cancer Res Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Buntzel, Jens", "Klein, Michael", "Keinki, Christian", "Walter, Stefanie", "Buntzel, Judith", "Hubner, Jutta"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415341", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public discussion and health-care systems worldwide have been focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic. Does it have an impact on cancer care today? The PRIO (\"Prevention and Integrative Oncology\") Working Group (German Cancer Society) has initiated an online survey for physicians, medical staff and patients on April 16, 2020. Between April 16 and April 19, 47 doctors and 146 patients filled in the questionnaires. The survey is ongoing. We present the first data. A majority of German patients (76%) and physicians (71%) report moderate or high restriction in their daily life. A minority (patients 25%, physicians 13%) was not worried that necessary treatments or diagnostics were restricted. Organizing cancer care needs more time and efforts for 56% of all reporting doctors. 98% of all oncologists think that restriction of family visits has a negative impact on the mental health of cancer patients. Half of all participants (patients 43%, physicians 47%) expect negative consequences on the physical status of our patients. Patients feel the existing emotional stress in 34% of their physicians. 52% of physicians fear mental and/or physical longtime consequences for themselves. There is a high level of mental and physical stress triggered by the present COVID-19 management. After only a few weeks, human resources are limited. They will be the most important key for further health-care services for patients with cancer and other chronic diseases."}, {"pmid": 32340541, "title": "Laryngeal Evaluation during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Transcervical Laryngeal Ultrasonography.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Noel, Julia E", "Orloff, Lisa A", "Sung, Kwang"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340541", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has quickly become a global pandemic since its initial outbreak in China in late 2019. Institutions are faced with the challenge of upholding the standard of care while maintaining safety for health care personnel and patients. Due to the common performance of aerosol-generating endoscopic procedures in the upper respiratory tract, otolaryngologists are at uniquely high risk for potential infection. When possible, alternative diagnostic and treatment strategies should be pursued. For patients suspected of having functional laryngeal abnormalities, transcervical laryngeal ultrasound provides a rapid and noninvasive evaluation of vocal fold motion to inform decisions about safety of feeding, airway, and progression of care."}, {"pmid": 32500283, "pmcid": "PMC7272106", "title": "ACMT Position Statement: Off-Label Prescribing during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Toxicol", "authors": ["Stolbach, Andrew I", "Mazer-Amirshahi, Maryann", "Marino, Ryan", "Nelson, Lewis S", "Sugarman, Jeremy"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500283", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413712, "pmcid": "PMC7199689", "title": "Contamination and infection: What the coronavirus pandemic could reveal about the evolutionary origins of obsessive-compulsive disorder.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Rajkumar, Ravi Philip"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413712", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352485, "title": "How Dermatologists Can Learn and Contribute at the Leading Edge of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Dermatol", "authors": ["Madigan, Lauren M", "Micheletti, Robert G", "Shinkai, Kanade"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352485", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407256, "title": "Acute Pulmonary Embolism and COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Poyiadji, Neo", "Cormier, Peter", "Patel, Parth Y", "Hadied, Mohamad O", "Bhargava, Pallavi", "Khanna, Kanika", "Nadig, Jeffrey", "Keimig, Thomas", "Spizarny, David", "Reeser, Nicholas", "Klochko, Chad", "Peterson, Edward L", "Song, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407256", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213260, "pmcid": "PMC7258456", "title": "Pharmacologic Treatments and Supportive Care for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kain, Taylor", "Lindsay, Patrick J", "Adhikari, Neill K J", "Arabi, Yaseen M", "Van Kerkhove, Maria D", "Fowler, Robert A"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213260", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Available animal and cell line models have suggested that specific therapeutics might be effective in treating Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). We conducted a systematic review of evidence for treatment with pharmacologic and supportive therapies. We developed a protocol and searched 5 databases for studies describing treatment of MERS and deaths in MERS patients. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed by using ROBINS-I tool. We retrieved 3,660 unique citations; 20 observational studies met eligibility, and we studied 13 therapies. Most studies were at serious or critical RoB; no studies were at low RoB. One study, at moderate RoB, showed reduced mortality rates in severe MERS patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; no other studies showed a significant lifesaving benefit to any treatment. The existing literature on treatments for MERS is observational and at moderate to critical RoB. Clinical trials are needed to guide treatment decisions."}, {"pmid": 32409499, "title": "Obesity Is a Risk Factor for Greater COVID-19 Severity.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Gao, Feng", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Wang, Xiao-Bo", "Sun, Qing-Feng", "Pan, Ke-Hua", "Wang, Ting-Yao", "Chen, Yong-Ping", "Targher, Giovanni", "Byrne, Christopher D", "George, Jacob", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409499", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379699, "title": "Endocrinology in the time of COVID-19: Management of adrenal insufficiency.", "journal": "Eur J Endocrinol", "authors": ["Arlt, Wiebke", "Baldeweg, Stephanie E", "Pearce, Simon H S", "Simpson, Helen L"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379699", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We provide guidance on prevention of adrenal crisis during the global COVID-19 crisis, a time with frequently restricted access to the usual level of healthcare. Patients with adrenal insufficiency are at an increased risk of infection, which may be complicated by developing an adrenal crisis; however, there is currently no evidence that adrenal insufficiency patients are more likely to develop a severe course of disease. We highlight the need for education (sick day rules, stringent social distancing rules), equipment (sufficient glucocorticoid supplies, steroid emergency self-injection kit) and empowerment (steroid emergency card, COVID-19 guidelines) to prevent adrenal crises. In patients with adrenal insufficiency developing an acute COVID-19 infection, which frequently presents with continuous high fever, we suggest oral stress dose cover with 20 mg hydrocortisone every 6 h. We also comment on suggested dosing for patients who usually take modified release hydrocortisone or prednisolone. In patients with adrenal insufficiency showing clinical deterioration during an acute COVID-19 infection, we advise immediate (self-)injection of 100 mg hydrocortisone intramuscularly, followed by continuous i.v. infusion of 200 mg hydrocortisone per 24 h, or until this can be established, and administration of 50 mg hydrocortisone every 6 h. We also advise on doses for infants and children."}, {"pmid": 32249715, "pmcid": "PMC7273865", "title": "Recommendations for Tiered Stratification of Urological Surgery Urgency in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Goldman, Howard B", "Haber, George P"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249715", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32133962, "title": "Effective Chemicals against Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in China.", "journal": "Curr Top Med Chem", "authors": ["Liu, Wei", "Zhu, Hai-Liang", "Duan, Yongtao"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133962", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321063, "pmcid": "PMC7236153", "title": "Reflections about the impact of the SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 pandemic on mental health.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Santos, Catia Fernandes"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321063", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504532, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children Cared for at Texas Children's Hospital: Initial Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Foster, Catherine E", "Moulton, Elizabeth A", "Munoz, Flor M", "Hulten, Kristina G", "Versalovic, James", "Dunn, James", "Revell, Paula", "Koy, Tjin H", "Arrington, Amy S", "Marquez, Lucila", "Campbell, Judith"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504532", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe\u00a0the clinical course of 57 children with\u00a0coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cared for through a single hospital system. Most children were mildly symptomatic, and only a few patients with underlying medical conditions required hospitalization. System-wide patient evaluation processes allowed for prompt identification and management of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32361099, "pmcid": "PMC7194943", "title": "The possible beneficial adjuvant effect of influenza vaccine to minimize the severity of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Salem, Mohamed Labib", "El-Hennawy, Dina"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361099", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387580, "pmcid": "PMC7199695", "title": "The Use of Positron Emission Tomography in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Lee, Joseph C", "Blazak, John K"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387580", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343968, "pmcid": "PMC7195070", "title": "Use of Tocilizumab for COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome: A Cautionary Case Report.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Radbel, Jared", "Narayanan, Navaneeth", "Bhatt, Pinki J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343968", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, COVID-19 has become a pandemic affecting more than 1.5 million people worldwide. Patients with COVID-19 have a wide spectrum of manifestations, one being cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and its fatal correlate, secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). Anti-cytokine therapy such as tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, is a potential treatment for COVID-19; however, data regarding the efficacy of this anti-IL-6 therapy are currently lacking. We report two cases of patients who received a diagnosis of COVID-19 complicated by CRS and were treated with tocilizumab. Both patients progressed to sHLH despite treatment with tocilizumab, and one developed viral myocarditis, challenging the safety and clinical usefulness of tocilizumab in the treatment of COVID-19-induced CRS. These cases highlight the need for clinical trials to determine optimal patient selection and timing for the use of tocilizumab during this disease process."}, {"pmid": 32410272, "pmcid": "PMC7235482", "title": "Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time and digital media use during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy.", "journal": "J Sleep Res", "authors": ["Cellini, Nicola", "Canale, Natale", "Mioni, Giovanna", "Costa, Sebastiano"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410272", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is one of the major COVID-19 hotspots. To reduce the spread of the infections and the pressure on Italian healthcare systems, since March 10, 2020, Italy has been under a total lockdown, forcing people into home confinement. Here we present data from 1,310 people living in the Italian territory (Mage \u00a0=\u00a023.91\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.60\u00a0years, 880 females, 501 workers, 809 university students), who completed an online survey from March 24 to March 28, 2020. In the survey, we asked participants to think about their use of digital media before going to bed, their sleep pattern and their subjective experience of time in the previous week (March 17-23, which was the second week of the lockdown) and up to the first week of February (February 3-10, before any restriction in any Italian area). During the lockdown, people increased the usage of digital media near bedtime, but this change did not affect sleep habits. Nevertheless, during home confinement, sleep timing markedly changed, with people going to bed and waking up later, and spending more time in bed, but, paradoxically, also reporting a lower sleep quality. The increase in sleep difficulties was stronger for people with a higher level of depression, anxiety and stress symptomatology, and associated with the feeling of elongation of time. Considering that the lockdown is likely to continue for weeks, research data are urgently needed to support decision making, to build public awareness and to provide timely and supportive psychosocial interventions."}, {"pmid": 32269023, "title": "Covid-19: Africa records over 10 000 cases as lockdowns take hold.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269023", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359210, "pmcid": "PMC7267667", "title": "Clinical course of COVID-19 in a liver transplant recipient on hemodialysis and response to tocilizumab therapy: A case report.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Hammami, Muhammad Baraa", "Garibaldi, Brian", "Shah, Pali", "Liu, Gigi", "Jain, Tania", "Chen, Po-Hung", "Kim, Amy K", "Avdic, Edina", "Petty, Brent", "Strout, Sara", "Fine, Derek M", "Niranjan-Azadi, Ashwini", "Garneau, William M", "Cameron, Andrew M", "Monroy Trujillo, Jose M", "Gurakar, Ahmet", "Avery, Robin"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359210", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious and rapidly spreading disease. There are limited published data on the epidemiology and outcomes of COVID-19 infection among organ transplant recipients. After initial flulike symptoms, progression to an inflammatory phase may occur, characterized by cytokine release rapidly leading to respiratory and multiorgan failure. We report the clinical course and management of a liver transplant recipient on hemodialysis, who presented with COVID-19 pneumonia, and despite completing a 5-day course of hydroxychloroquine, later developed marked inflammatory manifestations with rapid improvement after administration of off-label, single-dose tocilizumab. We also highlight the role of lung ultrasonography in early diagnosis of the inflammatory phase of COVID-19. Future investigation of the effects of immunomodulators among transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection will be important."}, {"pmid": 32455058, "pmcid": "PMC7241219", "title": "The SpineBox: A Freely Available, Open-access, 3D-printed Simulator Design for Lumbar Pedicle Screw Placement.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Clifton, William", "Damon, Aaron", "Valero-Moreno, Fidel", "Nottmeier, Eric", "Pichelmann, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455058", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background The recent COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need for innovation in cost-effective and easily produced surgical simulations for trainee education that are not limited by physical confines of location. This can be accomplished with the use of desktop three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. This study describes the creation of a low-cost and open-access simulation for anatomical learning and pedicle screw placement in the lumbar spine, which is termed the SpineBox. Materials and methods An anonymized CT scan of the lumbar spine was obtained and converted into 3D software files of the L1-L5 vertebral bodies. A computer-assisted design (CAD) software was used to assemble the vertebral models into a simulator unit in anatomical order to produce an easily prototyped simulator. The printed simulator was layered with foam in order to replicate soft tissue structures. The models were instrumented with pedicle screws using standard operative technique and examined under fluoroscopy. Results Ten SpineBoxes were created using a single desktop 3D printer, with accurate replication of the cortico-cancellous interface using previously validated techniques. The models were able to be instrumented with pedicle screws successfully and demonstrated quality representation of bony structures under fluoroscopy. The total cost of model production was under $10. Conclusion The SpineBox represents the first open-access simulator for the instruction of spinal anatomy and pedicle screw placement. This study aims to provide institutions across the world with an economical and feasible means of spine surgical simulation for neurosurgical trainees and to encourage other rapid prototyping laboratories to investigate innovative means of creating educational surgical platforms in the modern era."}, {"pmid": 32203363, "title": "South Korea is reporting intimate details of COVID-19 cases: has it helped?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Zastrow, Mark"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203363", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489189, "title": "CoViD-19 and stress in the pandemic: \"sanity is not statistical\".", "journal": "Riv Psichiatr", "authors": ["Biondi, Massimo", "Iannitelli, Angela"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489189", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "CoViD-19 pandemic is causing serious consequences on mental health, consequences that are considered that bad that World Health Organization has affirmed that mental health defence is priority in this particular moment of development of pandemic. In light of this alertness, what we are interested in approaching in this work, is the specific stress condition caused by pandemic, which underlies and precedes the described classification of diseases and which is going towards an increase in the entire world, including . The stress caused by pandemic is a new condition in comparison with what is known in clinical practice and with what is included in the classification of mental disorder. The ongoing stress condition and the mixture of different types of unconventional stress, which not only hits the present but also disrupts the future, create an entirely new form of clinical condition given by pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32374884, "title": "A tale of two countries. How decentralised organisation and long-term investment build resilient healthcare systems.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes", "authors": ["Kirchhof, Paulus"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374884", "countries": ["Germany", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare systems are faced with unique challenges during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. This viewpoint compares the response to the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK and in Germany. Despite being two large European countries of comparable size with good healthcare systems and similar patterns of exposure to Covid-19, Covid-19 related deaths in the UK currently far outnumber those in Germany. This has several reasons, but two explanations stick out: 1. lower long-term investment into healthcare in the UK rendered the NHS more vulnerable to Covid-19; 2. the existence of a well-governed decentralised and partially redundant organisation of healthcare increased resilience in Germany' s healthcare systems, enhancing the ability to adapt in response to unexpected challenges to healthcare. The response to the current pandemic also illustrates the power and the necessity to learn from each other through transparent communication of successes and mistakes."}, {"pmid": 32493370, "pmcid": "PMC7268591", "title": "Lactate dehydrogenase and susceptibility to deterioration of mild COVID-19 patients: a multicenter nested case-control study.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Shi, Jichan", "Li, Yang", "Zhou, Xian", "Zhang, Qiran", "Ye, Xinchun", "Wu, Zhengxing", "Jiang, Xiangao", "Yu, Hongying", "Shao, Lingyun", "Ai, Jing-Wen", "Zhang, Haocheng", "Xu, Bin", "Sun, Feng", "Zhang, Wenhong"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493370", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 4 million people within 4\u00a0months. There is an urgent need to properly identify high-risk cases that are more likely to deteriorate even if they present mild diseases on admission. A multicenter nested case-control study was conducted in four designated hospitals in China enrolling confirmed COVID-19 patients who were mild on admission. Baseline clinical characteristics were compared between patients with stable mild illness (stable mild group) and those who deteriorated from mild to severe illness (progression group). From Jan 17, 2020, to Feb 1, 2020, 85 confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled, including 16 in the progression group and 69 in the stable mild group. Compared to stable mild group (n\u2009=\u200969), patients in the progression group (n\u2009=\u200916) were more likely to be older, male, presented with dyspnea, with hypertension, and with higher levels of lactase dehydrogenase and c-reactive protein. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, advanced age (odds ratio [OR], 1.012; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.020-1.166; P\u2009=\u20090.011) and the higher level of lactase dehydrogenase (OR, 1.012; 95% CI, 1.001-1.024; P\u2009=\u20090.038) were independently associated with exacerbation in mild COVID-19 patients. Advanced age and high LDH level are independent risk factors for exacerbation in mild COVID-19 patients. Among the mild patients, clinicians should pay more attention to the elderly patients or those with high LDH levels."}, {"pmid": 32394897, "title": "Allergen Immunotherapy in the era of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Compalati, E", "Erlewyn-Lajeunesse, M", "Ali, F R", "Ojeda Fernandez, P", "Garcia Nunez, I", "Frati, F", "Mistrello, G"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394897", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425316, "pmcid": "PMC7229736", "title": "Hand sanitisers amid CoViD-19: A critical review of alcohol-based products on the market and formulation approaches to respond to increasing demand.", "journal": "Int J Pharm", "authors": ["Berardi, Alberto", "Perinelli, Diego R", "Merchant, Hamid A", "Bisharat, Lorina", "Basheti, Iman A", "Bonacucina, Giulia", "Cespi, Marco", "Palmieri, Giovanni F"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425316", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32205309, "title": "Covid-19: Highest risk patients are asked to stay at home for 12 weeks.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kmietowicz, Zosia"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205309", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454103, "pmcid": "PMC7245307", "title": "Type I astrocytes and microglia induce a cytokine response in an encephalitic murine coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Exp Mol Pathol", "authors": ["Lavi, Ehud", "Cong, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454103", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pathogenesis of viral infections involves an immune response by cytokines, causing a deleterious effect on organ function, in addition to tissue destruction due to viral replication. Clinical symptoms and laboratory findings of the human coronavirus disease COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS CoV-2, indicate cytokine involvement. Our laboratory showed that an experimental murine coronavirus (MHV-A59) can be transmitted into the brain by intranasal or intracerebral exposure and that neurovirulence is mediated by cytokine secretion. In this study we investigated which cells in the brain produce cytokines, thus functioning as the brain's innate immune system. Using tissue cultures of microglia, and clonal populations of astrocytes, we found that microglia and type I astrocytes (but not types II and III), produced pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to MHV-A59 infection. A molecularly closely related, non-encephalitic strain of the virus (MHV-2) caused in vitro infection, but without cytokine induction. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry revealed that type I astrocytes and microglia have perivascular foot processes necessary for the formation of the perivascular glymphatic system, the anatomical site of the brain's innate immune system. Cytokine secretion by type I astrocytes and microglia, as part of the brain's glymphatic and innate immune system, contributes to the pathogenesis of an encephalitic coronavirus infection, and indicates the rationale for anti-cytokine therapies for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32312919, "title": "Guidelines for the management of surgical departments in non-uniform hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pol Przegl Chir", "authors": ["Mitura, Kryspin", "Mysliwiec, Piotr", "Rogula, Wojciech", "Solecki, Michal", "Furtak, Jaroslaw Piotr", "Kazanowski, Michal", "Klek, Stanislaw", "Nowakowski, Michal", "Pedziwiatr, Michal", "Zawadzki, Marek", "Wallner, Grzegorz", "Sobocki, Jacek"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312919", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the last several weeks we have been witnessing the exponentially progressing pandemic SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. As the number of people infected with SARS-CoV2 escalates, the problem of surgical management of patients requiring urgent surgery is increasing. Patients infected with SARS-CoV2 virus but with negative test results will appear in general hospitals and may pose a risk to other patients and hospital staff. Health care workers constitutes nearly 17% of infected population in Poland, therefore early identification of infected people becomes a priority to protect human resources and to ensure continuity of the access to a surgical care. Both surgical operations, and endoscopic procedures are considered as interventions with an increased risk of infection. Therefore, determining the algorithm becomes crucial for qualifying patients for surgical treatment, but also to stratify the risk of personnel being infected during surgery and to adequately protect staff. Each hospital should be logistically prepared for the need to perform urgent surgery on a patient with suspected or confirmed infection, including personal protective equipment. Limited availability of the equipment, working under pressure and staff shortages in addition to a highly contagious pathogen necessitate a pragmatic management of human resources in health care. Instant synchronized action is needed, and clear uniform guidelines are essential for the healthcare system to provide citizens with the necessary surgical care while protecting both patients, and staff. This document presents current recommendations regarding surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland."}, {"pmid": 32413200, "pmcid": "PMC7261999", "title": "Recommendations for personal protective equipment and smoke evacuation for dermatologic surgeries amid the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Do, Mytrang H", "Minkis, Kira", "Petukhova, Tatyana A", "Lipner, Shari R"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413200", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460378, "title": "Brazilian oral medicine and oral pathology: we are here during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Martelli Junior, Hercilio", "Machado, Renato Assis", "Bonan, Paulo Rogerio Ferreti", "da Cruz Perez, Danyel Elias", "Pires, Fabio Ramoa", "Alves, Fabio Abreu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460378", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11th , 2020 (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen). As of May 19th , 2020, approximately 4,731,458 cases of contamination and 316,169 deaths from Covid-19 were recorded (https://who.sprinklr.com)."}, {"pmid": 32423922, "title": "More advice on the use of ibuprofen for COVID-19.", "journal": "Drug Ther Bull", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423922", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Every month, DTB scans sources of information on treatments, disease management and other healthcare topics for key items to bring to our readers' attention and help them keep up to date. To do this, we produce succinct, contextualised summaries of the information concerned."}, {"pmid": 32173855, "pmcid": "PMC7161908", "title": "Care of haematology patients in a COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Willan, John", "King, Andrew J", "Hayes, Sandy", "Collins, Graham P", "Peniket, Andrew"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173855", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271211, "pmcid": "PMC7197343", "title": "What's Important: Facing Fear in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Dyer, George S M", "Harris, Mitchel B"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271211", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393440, "title": "Dealing with Covid -19: Lessons from China.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Kumar, Satish", "Gupta, Harish", "Verma, Sudhir Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393440", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Gopichandran and Subramaniam in their editorial in IJME have appreciated the intensive Chinese efforts to contain the Covid-19 outbreak and wondered if other weak and developing health systems will be able to do the same."}, {"pmid": 32345566, "pmcid": "PMC7166028", "title": "Economic Recovery After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Resuming Elective Orthopedic Surgery and Total Joint Arthroplasty.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["O'Connor, Casey M", "Anoushiravani, Afshin A", "DiCaprio, Matthew R", "Healy, William L", "Iorio, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345566", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The economic effects of the COVID-19 crisis are not like anything the U.S. health care system has ever experienced. As we begin to emerge from the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, we need to plan the sustainable resumption of elective procedures. We must first ensure the safety of our patients and surgical staff. It must be a priority to monitor the availability of supplies for the continued care of patients suffering from COVID-19. As we resume elective orthopedic surgery and total joint arthroplasty, we must begin to reduce expenses by renegotiating vendor contracts, use ambulatory surgery centers and hospital\u00a0outpatient departments in a safe and effective manner, adhere to strict evidence-based and\u00a0COVID-19-adjusted practices, and incorporate telemedicine and other technology platforms when feasible for health care systems and orthopedic groups to survive economically. The return to normalcy will be slow and may be different than what we are accustomed to, but we must work together to plan a transition to a more sustainable health care reality which accommodates a COVID-19 world. Our goal should be using these lessons to achieve a healthy and successful 2021 fiscal year."}, {"pmid": 32334882, "pmcid": "PMC7151323", "title": "A Protection Tent for Airway Management in Patients With COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Ann Emerg Med", "authors": ["Fang, Pin-Hui", "Lin, Yu-Yuan", "Lin, Chih-Hao"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408119, "pmcid": "PMC7199697", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan: The first report characterizing epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings of the disease.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Merza, Muayad A", "Haleem Al Mezori, Azad A", "Mohammed, Hakar Mustafa", "Abdulah, Deldar Morad"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408119", "countries": ["Iraq"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the novel coronavirus was declared a global pandemic. The disease was named COVID-19 standing for coronavirus disease 2019. The objectives were to determine the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients. In this prospective descriptive study, 15 confirmed hospitalized cases of COVID-19 between 18th March and April 7, 2020 were followed-up till discharge. There were 15 reported patients infected by 3 imported index cases from Europe. The mean age of the patients was 28.06 (SD: 16.42 years). The patients' age stratification was as follows: 0-5 (2, 13.3%); 6-18 (2, 13.3); 19-50 (10, 66.7%), and 51-64 years (1, 6.7%). The patients were male (9, 60.0%) and female (6, 40.0%). Most of the patients had mild disease severity (13, 86.7%), followed by mild-moderate (1, 6.7%) and moderate-severe (1, 6.7%). The study revealed that 6 patients were asymptomatic, and 9 patients were symptomatic. The most common symptoms were: fever (n\u00a0=\u00a08; 53.3%), cough (n\u00a0=\u00a07; 46.7%), shortness of breath (n\u00a0=\u00a03; 20.0%), fatigue (n\u00a0=\u00a03; 20.0%), and taste and smell disorders (n\u00a0=\u00a04; 26.7%). All patients were recovered and discharged over a median of 8 between 8 and 21 days. The mean and Std. deviation values of the hematological were: WBC: 6.57 (1.86); neutrophil count: 3.75 (1.26); lymphocyte count: 1.87 (0.41); Hb: 13.89 (1.26); platelet count: 207.67 (52.21). All COVID-19 cases were linked to foreign visits with few local transmissions to close contacts without community transmission. The majority of cases were mild illnesses with full recovery."}, {"pmid": 32390786, "pmcid": "PMC7205920", "title": "A multi-region discrete time mathematical modeling of the dynamics of Covid-19 virus propagation using optimal control.", "journal": "J Appl Math Comput", "authors": ["Khajji, Bouchaib", "Kada, Driss", "Balatif, Omar", "Rachik, Mostafa"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390786", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We study in this work a discrete mathematical model that describes the dynamics of transmission of the Corona virus between humans on the one hand and animals on the other hand in a region or in different regions. Also, we propose an optimal strategy to implement the optimal campaigns through the use of awareness campaigns in region j that aims at protecting individuals from being infected by the virus, security campaigns and health measures to prevent the movement of individuals from one region to another, encouraging the individuals to join quarantine centers and the disposal of infected animals. The aim is to maximize the number of individuals subjected to quarantine and trying to reduce the number of the infected individuals and the infected animals. Pontryagin's maximum principle in discrete time is used to characterize the optimal controls and the optimality system is solved by an iterative method. The numerical simulation is carried out using Matlab. The Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio was calculated to investigate the cost-effectiveness of all possible combinations of the four control measures. Using cost-effectiveness analysis, we show that control of protecting susceptible individuals, preventing their contact with the infected individuals and encouraging the exposed individuals to join quarantine centers provides the most cost-effective strategy to control the disease."}, {"pmid": 32023340, "pmcid": "PMC7077751", "title": "Reporting, Epidemic Growth, and Reproduction Numbers for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Epidemic.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Tuite, Ashleigh R", "Fisman, David N"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023340", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437821, "pmcid": "PMC7206436", "title": "Radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumopathy.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Trott, Klaus Rudiger", "Zschaeck, Sebastian", "Beck, Marcus"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437821", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533607, "title": "Chilblains in children in the time of Covid-19: new evidence with serology assay.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Colonna, C", "Spinelli, F", "Monzani, N A", "Ceriotti, F", "Gelmetti, C"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533607", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a previous report in Pediatric Dermatology, we described chilblains-like lesions in four pediatric patients. From April 18 to May 10, 2020, 45 children presented to our Pediatric Dermatology department with similar acral lesions. The clinical appearance ranged from red to violaceous macules and dusky, purpuric plaques on the heels, soles and lateral margin of the feet, often accompanied by painful edema, consistent with chilblains."}, {"pmid": 32342927, "title": "Diagnostic performance of COVID-19 serology assays.", "journal": "Malays J Pathol", "authors": ["Zainol Rashid, Z", "Othman, S N", "Abdul Samat, M N", "Ali, U K", "Wong, K K"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342927", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 outbreak as a world pandemic on 12th March 2020. Diagnosis of suspected cases is confirmed by nucleic acid assays with real-time PCR, using respiratory samples. Serology tests are comparatively easier to perform, but their utility may be limited by the performance and the fact that antibodies appear later during the disease course. We aimed to describe the performance data on serological assays for COVID-19. A review of multiple reports and kit inserts on the diagnostic performance of rapid tests from various manufacturers that are commercially available were performed. Only preliminary data are available currently. From a total of nine rapid detection test (RDT) kits, three kits offer total antibody detection, while six kits offer combination SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG detection in two separate test lines. All kits are based on colloidal gold-labeled immunochromatography principle and one-step method with results obtained within 15 minutes, using whole blood, serum or plasma samples. The sensitivity for both IgM and IgG tests ranges between 72.7% and 100%, while specificity ranges between 98.7% to 100%. Two immunochromatography using nasopharyngeal or throat swab for detection of COVID-19 specific antigen are also reviewed. There is much to determine regarding the value of serological testing in COVID-19 diagnosis and monitoring. More comprehensive evaluations of their performance are rapidly underway. The use of serology methods requires appropriate interpretations of the results and understanding the strengths and limitations of such tests."}, {"pmid": 32448391, "pmcid": "PMC7245637", "title": "The pulmonary sequalae in discharged patients with COVID-19: a short-term observational study.", "journal": "Respir Res", "authors": ["Liu, Dehan", "Zhang, Wanshu", "Pan, Feng", "Li, Lin", "Yang, Lian", "Zheng, Dandan", "Wang, Jiazheng", "Liang, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448391", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia were discharged from hospitals in Wuhan, China. We aimed to determine the cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution at each time point, to explore the relevant affecting factors, and to describe the chest CT findings at different time points after hospital discharge. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed by RT-PCR who were discharged consecutively from the hospital between 5 February 2020 and 10 March 2020 and who underwent serial chest CT scans on schedule were enrolled. The radiological characteristics of all patients were collected and analysed. The total CT score was the sum of non-GGO involvement determined at discharge. Afterwards, all patients underwent chest CT scans during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks after discharge. Imaging features and distributions were analysed across different time points. A total of 149 patients who completed all CT scans were evaluated; there were 67 (45.0%) men and 82 (55.0%) women, with a median age of 43\u2009years old (IQR 36-56). The cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution was 8.1% (12 patients), 41.6% (62), 50.3% (75), and 53.0% (79) at discharge and during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks after discharge, respectively. Patients \u226444\u2009years old showed a significantly higher cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution than patients >\u200944\u2009years old at the 3-week follow-up. The predominant patterns of abnormalities observed at discharge were ground-glass opacity (GGO) (125 [83.9%]), fibrous stripe (81 [54.4%]), and thickening of the adjacent pleura (33 [22.1%]). The positive count of GGO, fibrous stripe and thickening of the adjacent pleura gradually decreased, while GGO and fibrous stripe showed obvious resolution during the first week and the third week after discharge, respectively. \"Tinted\" sign and bronchovascular bundle distortion as two special features were discovered during the evolution. Lung lesions in COVID-19 pneumonia patients can be absorbed completely during short-term follow-up with no sequelae. Two weeks after discharge might be the optimal time point for early radiological estimation."}, {"pmid": 32288416, "pmcid": "PMC7137851", "title": "CIRD-F: Spread and Influence of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci", "authors": ["Zhou, Lingyun", "Wu, Kaiwei", "Liu, Hanzhi", "Gao, Yuanning", "Gao, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288416", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading rapidly in China and the Chinese government took a series of policies to control the epidemic. Therefore, it will be helpful to predict the tendency of the epidemic and analyze the influence of official policies. Existing models for prediction, such as cabin models and individual-based models, are either oversimplified or too meticulous, and the influence of the epidemic was studied much more than that of official policies. To predict the epidemic tendency, we consider four groups of people, and establish a propagation dynamics model. We also create a negative feedback to quantify the public vigilance to the epidemic. We evaluate the tendency of epidemic in Hubei and China except Hubei separately to predict the situation of the whole country. Experiments show that the epidemic will terminate around 17 March 2020 and the final number of cumulative infections will be about 78 191 (prediction interval, 74 872 to 82 474). By changing the parameters of the model accordingly, we demonstrate the control effect of the policies of the government on the epidemic situation, which can reduce about 68% possible infections. At the same time, we use the capital asset pricing model with dummy variable to evaluate the effects of the epidemic and official policies on the revenue of multiple industries."}, {"pmid": 32351254, "title": "Consensus Statement of the Saudi Association of Neurological Surgery (SANS) on Triage of Neurosurgery Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia.", "journal": "Neurosciences (Riyadh)", "authors": ["Bajunaid, Khalid", "Sabbagh, Abdulrahman J", "Ajlan, Abdulrazag", "Al-Jehani, Hosam", "Alnaami, Ibrahim", "Khormi, Yahya H", "Bin Mahfoodh, Mohammed", "Barnawi, Abdulwahed", "Bin Salamah, Ali", "Alobaid, Abdullah", "Bafaquh, Mohammed S", "Alturki, Abdulrahman Y", "Alkhani, Ahmed", "Al-Habib, Husam", "Baeesa, Saleh", "Al-Habib, Amro"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351254", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32174054, "pmcid": "PMC7183823", "title": "Evolution of Computed Tomography Manifestations in Five Patients Who Recovered from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Sun, Qiulian", "Xu, Xinjian", "Xie, Jicheng", "Li, Jingjing", "Huang, Xiangzhong"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174054", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520031, "title": "In silico evaluation of marine fish proteins as nutritional supplements for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Food Funct", "authors": ["Yao, Yushan", "Luo, Zhen", "Zhang, Xuewu"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520031", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, no specific drug has been discovered for the treatment of COVID-19 and hence, people are in a state of anxiety. Thus, there is an urgent need to search for various possible strategies including nutritional supplementation. In this study, we have tried to provide a reference for protein supplementation. Specifically, 20 marine fish proteins were subjected to in silico hydrolysis by gastrointestinal enzymes, and a large number of active peptides were generated. Then, the binding abilities of these peptides to SARS-CoV-2 main protease and monoamine oxidase A were assessed. The results showed that NADH dehydrogenase could be a good protein source in generating potent binders to the two enzymes, followed by cytochrome b. In addition, some high-affinity oligopeptides (VIQY, ICIY, PISQF, VISAW, AIPAW, and PVSQF) were identified as dual binders to the two enzymes. In summary, the supplementation of some fish proteins can be helpful for COVID-19 patients; the identified oligopeptides can be used as the lead compounds to design potential inhibitors against COVID-19 and anxiety."}, {"pmid": 32378126, "pmcid": "PMC7202462", "title": "COVID-19 Epidemic Peer Support and Crisis Intervention Via Social Media.", "journal": "Community Ment Health J", "authors": ["Cheng, Pu", "Xia, Guohua", "Pang, Peng", "Wu, Bo", "Jiang, Wei", "Li, Yong-Tong", "Wang, Mei", "Ling, Qi", "Chang, Xiaoying", "Wang, Jinghan", "Dai, Xiaocheng", "Lin, Xiaojin", "Bi, Xiaoting"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378126", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article describes a peer support project developed and carried out by a group of experienced mental health professionals, organized to offer peer psychological support from overseas to healthcare professionals on the frontline of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China. This pandemic extremely challenged the existing health care systems and caused severe mental distress to frontline healthcare workers. The authors describe the infrastructure of the team and a novel model of peer support and crisis intervention that utilized a popular social media application on smartphone. Such a model for intervention that can be used elsewhere in the face of current global pandemic, or future disaster response."}, {"pmid": 32241949, "title": "Making allowances for COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Zhou, Ye"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241949", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442455, "pmcid": "PMC7236702", "title": "Comparing hospitalised, community and staff COVID-19 infection rates during the early phase of the evolving COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Tang, Julian W", "Young, Sarah", "May, Shoshanna", "Bird, Paul", "Bron, Jan", "Mohamedanif, Tarannum", "Bradley, Carina", "Patel, Daxa", "Holmes, Christopher W", "Kwok, Kin On"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442455", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268638, "title": "[Health protection guideline of schools and other educational institutions during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268638", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This guideline stipulates the management requirements, on-site hygiene operation, personal protection and comprehensive security of schools and other educational institutions. It is applicable to the unified standard prevention and control of schools and other educational institutions during COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32195705, "pmcid": "PMC7155908", "title": "Intubation and Ventilation amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: Wuhan's Experience.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Meng, Lingzhong", "Qiu, Haibo", "Wan, Li", "Ai, Yuhang", "Xue, Zhanggang", "Guo, Qulian", "Deshpande, Ranjit", "Zhang, Lina", "Meng, Jie", "Tong, Chuanyao", "Liu, Hong", "Xiong, Lize"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195705", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has led to 80,409 diagnosed cases and 3,012 deaths in mainland China based on the data released on March 4, 2020. Approximately 3.2% of patients with COVID-19 required intubation and invasive ventilation at some point in the disease course. Providing best practices regarding intubation and ventilation for an overwhelming number of patients with COVID-19 amid an enhanced risk of cross-infection is a daunting undertaking. The authors presented the experience of caring for the critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan. It is extremely important to follow strict self-protection precautions. Timely, but not premature, intubation is crucial to counter a progressively enlarging oxygen debt despite high-flow oxygen therapy and bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation. Thorough preparation, satisfactory preoxygenation, modified rapid sequence induction, and rapid intubation using a video laryngoscope are widely used intubation strategies in Wuhan. Lung-protective ventilation, prone position ventilation, and adequate sedation and analgesia are essential components of ventilation management."}, {"pmid": 32105090, "title": "Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: Lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic.", "journal": "Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Prompetchara, Eakachai", "Ketloy, Chutitorn", "Palaga, Tanapat"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105090", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world is witnessing the epidemic of COVID-19, a disease caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerging genetics and clinical evidences suggest a similar path to those of SARS and MERS. The rapid genomic sequencing and open access data, together with advanced vaccine technology, are expected to give us more knowledge on the pathogen itself, including the host immune response as well as the plan for therapeutic vaccines in the near future. This review aims to provide a comparative view among SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the newly epidemic SARS-CoV-2, in the hope to gain a better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, host immune responses, and the pathogen immune evasion strategies. This predictive view may help in designing an immune intervention or preventive vaccine for COVID-19 in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32521564, "title": "Viral enanthema in oral mucosa: a possible diagnostic challenge in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Rocha, Breno Amaral", "Souto, Giovanna Ribeiro", "de Mattos Camargo Grossmann, Soraya", "de Aguiar, Maria Cassia Ferreira", "de Andrade, Bruno Augusto Benevenuto", "Romanach, Mario Jose", "Horta, Martinho Campolina Rebello"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521564", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recalcati (2020), for example, reported that 20.4% of 88 COVID-19 patients presented cutaneous manifestations such as erythematous rash, generalized urticaria and vesicles. They suggested that the skin lesions were similar to ones found in common viral diseases but emphasized that additional studies are necessary to confirm its association with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32510799, "title": "The Application Of Plasmapheresis For Covid-19 Patients.", "journal": "Ther Apher Dial", "authors": ["Turgutkaya, Atakan", "Yavasoglu, Irfan", "Bolaman, Zahit"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510799", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are known human and animal pathogens, but a novel type of coronavirus, designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) is defined by World Health Organisation(WHO).This novel type has created a pandemia throughout the world most notably causing death owing to pneumonia.Nowadays the entire world is searching the curative treatment but outcomes are discouraging for intensive care critical patients. In this article we'd like to highlight that plasmapheresis,although it' s an unproven strategy, could be a useful approach by the mechanism of alleviating the cytokine storm and decreasing the viral load. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32268641, "title": "[Health protection guideline of mobile cabin hospitals during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268641", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This guideline is applicable to the health protection requirements of large indoor stadiums which are reconstructed as treatment sites for COVID-19 patients with mild symptoms during the outbreak. Focusing on the health emergency scenario of severe virus infectious diseases and atypical places where COVID-19 patients with mild symptom gather, from perspectives of functional zones, hygiene facilities, personal protection, and management system, health risk protection recommendations and countermeasures are comprehensively proposed to mainly protect staffs and surrounding environment. The implementation of this guideline will provide technique support for emergency requirements of indoor stadiums reconstructed as mobile cabin hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32291906, "pmcid": "PMC7262143", "title": "Response to 'Pulmonary thrombosis in 2019-nCoV pneumonia?'", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Tang, Ning"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291906", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414641, "pmcid": "PMC7190503", "title": "The quality of the reported sample size calculation in clinical trials on COVID-19 patients indexed in PubMed.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Lee, Paul H"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414641", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297458, "title": "How to Conduct an Outpatient Telemedicine Rehabilitation or Prehabilitation Visit.", "journal": "PM R", "authors": ["Verduzco-Gutierrez, Monica", "Bean, Allison C", "Tenforde, Adam S", "Tapia, Rebecca N", "Silver, Julie K"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297458", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pandemic is resulting in an accelerated conversion of in-person physician visits to virtual visits. As barriers to adoption of telemedicine are rapidly decreasing, it is important to recognize the need for practical and immediately deployable information that can improve doctor-patient interactions, facilitate accurate documentation, and increase confidence in the transition to virtual visits. In this article we aim to outline the components of an outpatient telemedicine visit for physiatrists, with a particular focus on an adapted virtual physical examination. Uses of telemedicine may include future large scale concerns such as natural disasters or climate change. We describe a general approach to the visit, review definitions of terms commonly used in telemedicine, and offer tips for optimizing the encounter."}, {"pmid": 32092385, "pmcid": "PMC7127192", "title": "The continuous evolution and dissemination of 2019 novel human coronavirus.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Jiahao", "Ma, Kaixiong", "Li, Huanan", "Liao, Ming", "Qi, Wenbao"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092385", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217117, "pmcid": "PMC7102583", "title": "COVID-19: Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Zhang, Rui", "Wang, Xuebin", "Ni, Leng", "Di, Xiao", "Ma, Baitao", "Niu, Shuai", "Liu, Changwei", "Reiter, Russel J"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217117", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article summarizes the likely benefits of melatonin in the attenuation of COVID-19 based on its putative pathogenesis. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has become a pandemic with tens of thousands of infected patients. Based on clinical features, pathology, the pathogenesis of acute respiratory disorder induced by either highly homogenous coronaviruses or other pathogens, the evidence suggests that excessive inflammation, oxidation, and an exaggerated immune response very likely contribute to COVID-19 pathology. This leads to a cytokine storm and subsequent progression to acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and often death. Melatonin, a well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative molecule, is protective against ALI/ARDS caused by viral and other pathogens. Melatonin is effective in critical care patients by reducing vessel permeability, anxiety, sedation use, and improving sleeping quality, which might also be beneficial for better clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients. Notably, melatonin has a high safety profile. There is significant data showing that melatonin limits virus-related diseases and would also likely be beneficial in COVID-19 patients. Additional experiments and clinical studies are required to confirm this speculation."}, {"pmid": 32169830, "title": "Bearing the brunt of covid-19: older people in low and middle income countries.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter", "Ebrahim, Shah", "Geffen, Leon", "McKee, Martin"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169830", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292902, "pmcid": "PMC7104131", "title": "Outcome of Coronavirus spectrum infections (SARS, MERS, COVID 1 -19) during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Di Mascio, Daniele", "Khalil, Asma", "Saccone, Gabriele", "Rizzo, Giuseppe", "Buca, Danilo", "Liberati, Marco", "Vecchiet, Jacopo", "Nappi, Luigi", "Scambia, Giovanni", "Berghella, Vincenzo", "D'Antonio, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292902", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this systematic review was to report pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of Coronavirus (CoV) spectrum infections, and particularly COVID-19 disease due to SARS-COV-2 infection during pregnancy. Medline, Embase, Cinahl and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched electronically utilizing combinations of word variants for \"coronavirus\" or \"severe acute respiratory syndrome\" or \"SARS\" or \"Middle East respiratory syndrome\" or \"MERS\" or \"COVID-19\" and \"pregnancy\". The search and selection criteria were restricted to English language. Inclusion criteria were pregnant women with a confirmed Coronavirus related illness, defined as either SARS, MERS or COVID-19. We used meta-analyses of proportions to combine data and reported pooled proportions. The pregnancy outcomes observed included miscarriage, preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, fetal growth restriction, and mode of delivery. The perinatal outcomes observed were fetal distress, Apgar score < 7 at five minutes, neonatal asphyxia, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, perinatal death, and evidence of vertical transmission. 19 studies including 79 women were eligible for this systematic review: 41 pregnancies (51.9%) affected by COVID-19, 12 (15.2%) by MERS, and 26 (32.9%) by SARS. An overt diagnosis of pneumonia was made in 91.8% and the most common symptoms were fever (82.6%), cough (57.1%) and dyspnea (27.0%). For all CoV infections, the rate of miscarriage was 39.1% (95% CI 20.2-59.8); the rate of preterm birth < 37 weeks was 24.3% (95% CI 12.5-38.6); premature prelabor rupture of membranes occurred in 20.7% (95% CI 9.5-34.9), preeclampsia in 16.2% (95% CI 4.2-34.1), and fetal growth restriction in 11.7% (95% CI 3.2-24.4); 84% were delivered by cesarean; the rate of perinatal death was 11.1% (95% CI 84.8-19.6) and 57.2% (95% CI 3.6-99.8) of newborns were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. When focusing on COVID-19, the most common adverse pregnancy outcome was preterm birth < 37 weeks, occurring in 41.1% (95% CI 25.6-57.6) of cases, while the rate of perinatal death was 7.0% (95% CI 1.4-16.3). None of the 41 newborns assessed showed clinical signs of vertical transmission. In mothers infected with coronavirus infections, including COVID-19, >90% of whom also had pneumonia, PTB is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome. Miscarriage, preeclampsia, cesarean, and perinatal death (7-11%) were also more common than in the general population. There have been no published cases of clinical evidence of vertical transmission. Evidence is accumulating rapidly, so these data may need to be updated soon. The findings from this study can guide and enhance prenatal counseling of women with COVID-19 infection occurring during pregnancy."}, {"pmid": 32429038, "title": "Prognosis of COVID-19 in Patients with Liver and Kidney Diseases: An Early Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Trop Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Oyelade, Tope", "Alqahtani, Jaber", "Canciani, Gabriele"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429038", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The mortality and severity in COVID-19 is increased in patients with comorbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients with underlying kidney and liver diseases. We retrieved data on the clinical features and primary composite end point of COVID-19 patients from Medline and Embase which had been released from inception by the April 16, 2020. The data on two comorbidities, liver diseases and chronic kidney disease, were pooled and statistically analysed to explain the associated severity and mortality rate. One hundred and forty-two abstracts were screened, and 41 full articles were then read. In total, 22 studies including 5595 COVID-19 patients were included in this study with case fatality rate of 16%. The prevalence of liver diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were 3% (95% CI; 2-3%) and 1% (95% CI; 1-2%), respectively. In patients with COVID-19 and underlying liver diseases, 57.33% (43/75) of cases were severe, with 17.65% mortality, while in CKD patients, 83.93% (47/56) of cases were severe and 53.33% (8/15) mortality was reported. This study found an increased risk of severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients with liver diseases or CKD. This will lead to better clinical management and inform the process of implementing more stringent preventative measures for this group of patients."}, {"pmid": 32375855, "pmcid": "PMC7202791", "title": "Ethics guidelines on COVID-19 triage-an emerging international consensus.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Joebges, Susanne", "Biller-Andorno, Nikola"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375855", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339534, "pmcid": "PMC7195096", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: Is metformin a friend or foe?", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Ursini, Francesco", "Ciaffi, Jacopo", "Landini, Maria Paola", "Meliconi, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339534", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500404, "pmcid": "PMC7272235", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and dentistry.", "journal": "Clin Oral Investig", "authors": ["Ortega, Karem L", "Rodrigues de Camargo, Alessandra", "Bertoldi Franco, Juliana", "Mano Azul, Antonio", "Perez Sayans, Mario", "Braz Silva, Paulo Henrique"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500404", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32252845, "pmcid": "PMC7170809", "title": "Adaptation of the National Plan for the Prevention and Fight Against Pandemic Influenza to the 2020 COVID-19 Epidemic in France.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Ghanchi, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252845", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On Tuesday, March 17, 2020, at noon, France became the third European country to impose a nationwide containment policy in the fight against epidemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) viral infection. Announcing that the country was at \"war,\" President Macron called upon all to play a role in mitigating against further development of contagion. This extreme measure never seen before during peace time was the result of adapting not only the French Pandemic Influenza Plan (PIP) being applied to the national context but also real-time clinical, epidemiological, and scientific information about the evolution of COVID-19 infection in the country. The situation was further complicated by local municipal elections and political agendas by populist opinions. Despite mass communication about the importance of individual behavioral attitudes to counter disease propagation, few heeded government advice. Consequently, the situation rapidly deteriorated with increasing number of cases that started to overwhelm health services. As a result, decisive and immediate action was taken by the State for the national public health interest. This report from the field details the timely events that contributed to this extreme policy decision taken by France. A policy decision that other Western democracies have since applied as the pandemic disseminated across the globe."}, {"pmid": 32327245, "pmcid": "PMC7166306", "title": "Early chest computed tomography to diagnose COVID-19 from suspected patients: A multicenter retrospective study.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Miao, Congliang", "Jin, Mengdi", "Miao, Li", "Yang, Xinying", "Huang, Peng", "Xiong, Huanwen", "Huang, Peijie", "Zhao, Qi", "Du, Jiang", "Hong, Jiang"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327245", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to distinguish the imaging features of COVID-19 from those of other infectious pulmonary diseases and evaluate the diagnostic value of chest CT for suspected COVID-19 patients. Adult patients suspected of COVID-19 aged >18\u00a0years who underwent chest CT scans and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests within 14\u00a0days of symptom onset were enrolled. The enrolled patients were confirmed and grouped according to the results of the RT-PCR tests. The basic demographics, single chest CT features, and combined chest CT features were analyzed for the confirmed and nonconfirmed groups. A total of 130 patients were enrolled, with 54 testing positive and 76 testing negative. The typical CT imaging features of the positive group were ground glass opacities (GGOs), the crazy-paving pattern and air bronchogram. The lesions were mostly distributed bilaterally and close to the lower lungs or the pleura. When features were combined, GGOs with bilateral pulmonary distribution and GGOs with pleural distribution were more common among the positive patients, found in 31 (57.4%) and 30 patients (55.6%), respectively. The combinations were almost all statistically significant (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05), except for the combination of GGOs with consolidation. Most combinations presented relatively low sensitivity but extremely high specificity. The average specificity of these combinations was approximately 90%. The combinations with GGOs could be useful in the identification and differential diagnosis of COVID-19, alerting clinicians to isolate patients for prompt treatment and repeat RT-PCR tests until the end of incubation."}, {"pmid": 32447800, "title": "Moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa under systemic therapy during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Giulia, Rozzo", "Alice, Ramondetta", "Teresa, Fierro Maria", "Paolo, Dapavo", "Simone, Ribero"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447800", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222163, "pmcid": "PMC7194957", "title": "CT screening for early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shi, Heshui", "Han, Xiaoyu", "Cao, Yukun", "Alwalid, Osamah", "Zheng, Chuansheng"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222163", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418730, "pmcid": "PMC7204701", "title": "\"Off-label\" use of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir-ritonavir and chloroquine in COVID-19: A survey of cardiac adverse drug reactions by the French Network of Pharmacovigilance Centers.", "journal": "Therapie", "authors": ["Gerard, Alexandre", "Romani, Serena", "Fresse, Audrey", "Viard, Delphine", "Parassol, Nadege", "Granvuillemin, Aurelie", "Chouchana, Laurent", "Rocher, Fanny", "Drici, Milou-Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418730", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an unprecedented challenge for physicians and scientists. Several publicized drugs are being used with not much evidence of their efficacy such as hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin or lopinavir-ritonavir. Yet, the cardiac safety of these drugs in COVID-19 deserves scrutiny as they are known to foster cardiac adverse ADRs, notably QTc interval prolongation on the electrocardiogram and its arrhythmogenic consequences. Since March 27th, 2020, the French Pharmacovigilance Network directed all cardiac adverse drug reactions associated with \"off-label\" use of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and lopinavir-ritonavir in COVID-19 to the Nice Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance. Each Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance first assessed causality of drugs. We performed a specific analysis of these cardiac adverse drug reactions amidst an array of risk factors, reassessed the electrocardiograms and estimated their incidence in coronavirus disease 2019. In one month, 120 reports of cardiac adverse drug reactions have been notified, 103 of which associated with hydroxychloroquine alone (86%), or associated with azithromycin (60%). Their estimated incidence is 0.77% to 1.54% of all patients, notwithstanding strong underreporting. Lopinavir-ritonavir came third with 17 reports (14%) and chloroquine fourth with 3 reports (2.5%). There were 8 sudden, unexplained or aborted deaths (7%), 8 ventricular arrhythmias (7%), 90 reports of prolonged QTc (75%) most of them \"serious\" (64%), 48 of which proved \u2265 500ms, 20 reports of severe conduction disorders (17%) and 5 reports of other cardiac causes (4%). Six reports derived from automedication. \"Off-label\" use of treatments in COVID-19 increases the risk of cardiac ADRs, some of them avoidable. Even if these drugs are perceived as familiar, they are used in patients with added risk factors caused by infection. Precautions should be taken to mitigate the risk, even if they will be proven efficacious."}, {"pmid": 32376091, "pmcid": "PMC7151426", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: the greatest challenge in the history of critical care.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Ferrer, R"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376091", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491091, "title": "Adults at high-risk of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) in Brazil.", "journal": "Rev Saude Publica", "authors": ["Rezende, Leandro F M", "Thome, Beatriz", "Schveitzer, Mariana Cabral", "Souza-Junior, Paulo Roberto Borges de", "Szwarcwald, Celia Landmann"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491091", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE To estimate the proportion and total number of the general adult population who may be at higher risk of severe Covid-19 in Brazil. METHODS We included 51,770 participants from a nationally representative, household-based health survey (PNS) conducted in Brazil. We estimated the proportion and number of adults (\u2265 18 years) at risk of severe Covid-19 by sex, educational level, race/ethnicity, and state based on the presence of one or more of the following risk factors: age \u2265 65 years or medical diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic respiratory disease, cancer, stroke, chronic kidney disease and moderate to severe asthma, smoking status, and obesity. RESULTS Adults at risk of severe Covid-19 in Brazil varied from 34.0% (53 million) to 54.5% (86 million) nationwide. Less-educated adults present a 2-fold higher prevalence of risk factors compared to university graduated. We found no differences by sex and race/ethnicity. S\u00e3o Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and Rio Grande do Sul were the most vulnerable states in absolute and relative terms of adults at risk. CONCLUSIONS Proportion and total number of adults at risk of severe Covid-19 are high in Brazil, with wide variation across states and adult subgroups. These findings should be considered while designing and implementing prevention measures in Brazil. We argue that these results support broad social isolation measures, particularly when testing capacity for SARS-CoV-2 is limited."}, {"pmid": 32459144, "pmcid": "PMC7273901", "title": "Discovery of alliin as a putative inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 by molecular docking.", "journal": "Biotechniques", "authors": ["Cheng, Bijun", "Li, Tianjiao"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459144", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of viral pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2\u00a0that began in December 2019 caused high mortality. It has been suggested that the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 may be an important target to discover pharmaceutical compounds for the therapy of this life-threatening disease. Remdesivir, ritonavir and chloroquine have all been reported to play a role in suppressing SARS-CoV-2. Here, we applied a molecular docking method to study the binding stability of these drugs with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. It appeared that the ligand-protein binding stability of the alliin and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro complex was better than others. The results suggested that alliin may serve as a good candidate as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Therefore, the present research may provide some meaningful guidance for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32303597, "pmcid": "PMC7262228", "title": "The Role of Nuclear Medicine for COVID-19: Time to Act Now.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Juengling, Freimut D", "Maldonado, Antonio", "Wuest, Frank", "Schindler, Thomas Hellmut"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303597", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321903, "title": "A practice of anesthesia scenario design for emergency cesarean section in patients with COVID-19 infection based on the role of standard patient.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Kang, Yin", "Deng, Longjiao", "Zhang, Dengwen", "Wang, Yuehong", "Wang, Gang", "Mei, Li", "Zhou, Guobin", "Shu, Haihua"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321903", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus (COVID-19) has been characterized as a world pandemic by WHO since March 11, 2020. Although it is likely that COVID-19 transmission is primarily via droplets and close contact, airborne transmission and fecal-oral route remains a possibility. The medical staff working in the operating room, such as anesthesiologists, surgeons and nurses, are at high risk of exposure to virus due to closely contacting patients. The perioperative management is under great challenge while performing surgeries for patients suffering COVID-19, including emergency cesarean section, which is one of the most common surgeries under such circumstances. How to prevent medical staff from cross-infection is an issue of great concern. In this article, we give a practice of anesthesia scenario design for emergency cesarean section in a supposed standard patient suffering COVID-19, aimed to optimize the work flow and implement the protective details through simulation of a real operation scenario, which may be useful for training and clinical practice of anesthesia management for patients suffering COVID-19 or other fulminating infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32057210, "title": "[The prevention and control of a new coronavirus infection in department of stomatology].", "journal": "Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Z Y", "Meng, L Y"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32057210", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During a short period of time, the outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, named Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP), was first reported in China, spreading to 24 countries and regions rapidly. The number of confirmed cases and deaths continued to rise. World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the outbreaks of the novel coronavirus have constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Efficient infection control can prevent the virus from further spreading, which makes the epidemic situation under control. Due to the specialty of oral healthcare settings, the risk of cross infection is severe among patients and oral healthcare practitioners. It's more urgent to implement strict and efficient infection control protocols. This paper, based on existing guidelines and published researches pertinent to dental infection-control principles and practices, mainly discusses epidemiological characteristics of NCP and the features of nosocomial infection in oral healthcare settings, and furthermore provides recommendations on patient's evaluation, and infection control protocols in department of stomatology under current circumstance.."}, {"pmid": 32379592, "title": "Emerging evidence for neuropsycho-consequences of COVID-19.", "journal": "Curr Neuropharmacol", "authors": ["Li, Jingwen", "Long, Xi", "Zhang, Qing", "Fang, Xi", "Fang, Fang", "Lv, Xuefei", "Zhang, Dandan", "Sun, Yu", "Li, Na", "Hu, Shaoping", "Lin, Zhicheng", "Xiong, Nian"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379592", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global concern in which respiratory system is not the only one involved. Previous researches have presented the common clinical manifestations including respiratory symptoms (i.e., fever and cough), fatigue and myalgia. However, there is limited evidence for neurological and psychological influences by SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we discuss the common neurological manifestations of COVID-19 including acute cerebrovascular disease (i.e., cerebral hemorrhage) and muscle ache. Possible viral transmission to the nervous system may occur via circulation, an upper nasal transcribrial route and/or conjunctival route. Also, we cannot ignore the psychological influence on the public, medical staff and confirmed patients. Dealing with public psychological barriers and performing psychological crisis intervention are an important part of public health interventions."}, {"pmid": 32339619, "pmcid": "PMC7194839", "title": "Infection prevention partners up with psychology in a Danish Hospital successfully addressing staffs fear during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Olesen, B", "Gyrup, H B", "Troelstrup, M W", "Marloth, T", "Molmer, M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339619", "countries": ["Denmark"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525747, "title": "An Analytical Perspective on Pandemic Recovery.", "journal": "Health Secur", "authors": ["Trump, Benjamin D", "Bridges, Todd S", "Cegan, Jeffrey C", "Cibulsky, Susan M", "Greer, Scott L", "Jarman, Holly", "Lafferty, Brandon J", "Surette, Melissa A", "Linkov, Igor"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525747", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After implementing restrictions to curb the spread of coronavirus, governments in the United States and around the world are trying to identify the path to social and economic recovery. The White House and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have published guidelines to assist US states, counties, and territories in planning these efforts. As the impact of the coronavirus pandemic has not been uniform, these central guidelines need to be translated into practice in ways that recognize variation among jurisdictions. We present a core methodology to assist governments in this task, presenting a case for appropriate actions at each stage of recovery based on scientific data and analysis. Specifically, 3 types of data are needed: data on the spread of disease should be analyzed alongside data on the overall health of the population and data on infrastructure-for example, the capacity of health systems. Local circumstances will produce different needs and present different setbacks, and governments may need to reinstate as well as relax restrictions. Transparent, defensible analysis can assist in making these decisions and communicating them to the public. In the absence of a widely administered vaccine, analysis remains one of our most important tools in addressing the coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32320539, "title": "[The Catalan Society of Occupational Health(@SCSL) facing the big challenge of COVID-19].", "journal": "Arch Prev Riesgos Labor", "authors": ["Purti, Elisabeth", "Ingles, Joan", "De la Pena, Leyre", "Rodriguez, Maria Cruz", "Puiggene, Montserrat", "Bernad, Maria Carmen", "Calvet, Santiago", "Orriols, Rosa Maria", "Lopez, Begona", "Martinez, Encarna", "Torres, M Carmen", "Alonso, Sonia", "Ramada, Jose M"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320539", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372828, "pmcid": "PMC7194563", "title": "Maintaining mental health in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Sarner, Moya"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372828", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From social isolation to working on the front line, covid-19 is posing serious challenges to mental health. Moya Sarner asks the experts how we can protect ourselves."}, {"pmid": 32297850, "pmcid": "PMC7198467", "title": "Pasteurized blood samples for transfusion compatibility testing during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Yao, Run", "Shen, Yamei", "Tan, Ying", "Zhou, Pengcheng", "Li, Bijuan", "Fan, Xuegong", "Li, Ning"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502134, "title": "Justification of the Safety and Efficacy of Angiotensin II for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-Induced Shock.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Chow, Jonathan H", "Mazzeffi, Michael A", "McCurdy, Michael T"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502134", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469298, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic, public health preparedness in Nepal and one health approach.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Pokharel, Sunil", "Raut, Shristi", "Rijal, Komal Raj", "Adhikari, Bipin"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469298", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464294, "pmcid": "PMC7255289", "title": "Pretreated household materials carry similar filtration protection against pathogens when compared with surgical masks.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Carnino, Jonathan M", "Ryu, Sunhyo", "Ni, Kareemah", "Jin, Yang"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464294", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The past 4 months, the emergence and spread of novel 2019 SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) has led to a global pandemic which is rapidly depleting supplies of personal protective equipment worldwide. There are currently over 1.6 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide which has resulted in more the 100,000 deaths. As these numbers grow daily, hospitals are being forced to reuse surgical masks in hopes of conserving their dwindling supply. Since COVID-19 will most likely have effects that last for many months, our nationwide shortage of masks poses a long term issue that must be addressed immediately. Based on a previous study by Quan et al., a salt-based soaking strategy has been reported to enhance the filtration ability of surgical masks. We propose a similar soaking process which uses materials widely available in anyone's household. We tested this method of pretreating a variety of materials with a salt-based solution by a droplet test using fluorescently stained nanoparticles similar in size to the COVID-19 virus. Our results show that this filter significantly reduces the amount of penetration of these particles. This will allow for healthcare workers to create a disposable added layer of protection to their surgical masks, N95s, or homemade masks by using household available products."}, {"pmid": 32267765, "title": "COVID-19 in the community.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Kurtkoti, Rucha"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267765", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516107, "title": "Pleural Effusion as a Sign of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Case Report.", "journal": "Infect Disord Drug Targets", "authors": ["Ahmadinejad, Zahra", "Salahshour, Faeze", "Dadras, Omid", "Rezaei, Hesan", "Alinaghi, SyyedAhmad"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516107", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, COVID-19 infection has become a public health concern. On March 12th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced it as a global pandemic. Early diagnosis of atypical cases of COVID-19 infection is critical in reducing the transmission and controlling the present pandemic. In the present report, we described a patient with the chief complaints of dyspnea and dry cough referred to the oncology center at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran with the differential diagnosis of lung cancer who was diagnosed and treated for COVID-19 infection in follow up. A 59-year-old patient complained of fever, dry cough, and dyspnea from two weeks ago. The patient had been referred to this center with the differential diagnosis of lung cancer due to the massive pleural effusion in initial chest CT scan. Dyspnea was the patient's main complaint at the time of admission in this center and the oxygen saturation was 84%. In the new chest CT scan, similar findings were observed. Due to the severe respiratory distress, a chest tube was placed in the chest cavity to remove the pleural effusion fluid on day one. The patient's felt relieved immediately after the procedure; however, the oxygen saturation did not raise above 85% despite the oxygen therapy. The cytology of pleural fluid was negative for malignant cells. On day 2, the lymphopenia and high level of CRP suggested the COVID-19 infection. Therefore, a control chest CT scan was conducted and the test for COVID-19 was performed. The CT report indicated the clear pattern of COVID-19's lung involvement in the absence of pleural effusion. Thus, the treatment for COVID-19 was immediately initiated. On day 4, the test reported positive for COVID-19. Currently, it is important to bear in mind the COVID-19 infection in evaluating the patients with respiratory symptoms. This report indicated how misleading the presentation of chest CT scan could be in clinical judgment. Therefore, we recommend ruling out the COVID-19 infection in all the patients with any pattern of lung involvement to avoid missing the potential cases of this vicious infection."}, {"pmid": 32317197, "pmcid": "PMC7194619", "title": "Health anxiety and behavioural changes of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Corbett, Gillian A", "Milne, Sarah J", "Hehir, Mark P", "Lindow, Stephen W", "O'connell, Michael P"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317197", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405096, "pmcid": "PMC7218349", "title": "COVID-19 and migrant workers: Lack of data and need for specific management.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Joob, B", "Wiwanitkit, V"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405096", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303481, "pmcid": "PMC7194915", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Sheng, Wang-Huei", "Ko, Wen-Chien", "Huang, Yhu-Chering", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303481", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259126, "pmcid": "PMC7114928", "title": "Daily Situation Report on Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran; March 23, 2020.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259126", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After detection of the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Iran, the National Committee on COVID-19 Epidemiology in Ministry of Health and Medical Education was established. This Committee is official source of gathering, analyzing, and reporting the COVID-19 data in Iran. The data of all sources in the country including, medical care monitoring center (MCMC), Hospitals' Information Systems (HIS), Laboratory portal, the data of the center for communicable disease control (MOH), as well as the data from community health centers are integrated and used in this regards. This factsheet contain daily situation report on coronavirus disease (covid-19) in Iran; March 23, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32207994, "title": "Critical Organizational Issues for Cardiologists in the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Frontline Experience From Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Stefanini, Giulio G", "Azzolini, Elena", "Condorelli, Gianluigi"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207994", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281165, "pmcid": "PMC7262177", "title": "Nursing homes and COVID-19: We can and should do better.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Davidson, Patricia M", "Szanton, Sarah L"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281165", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270420, "pmcid": "PMC7141488", "title": "Management of Cancer Surgery Cases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations.", "journal": "Ann Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Bartlett, David L", "Howe, James R", "Chang, George", "Crago, Aimee", "Hogg, Melissa", "Karakousis, Giorgos", "Levine, Edward", "Maker, Ajay", "Mamounas, Eleftherios", "McGuire, Kandace", "Merchant, Nipun", "Shibata, David", "Sohn, Vance", "Solorzano, Carmen", "Turaga, Kiran", "White, Richard", "Yang, Anthony", "Yoon, Sam"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270420", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439915, "pmcid": "PMC7242178", "title": "Downregulation of ACE2 induces overstimulation of the renin-angiotensin system in COVID-19: should we block the renin-angiotensin system?", "journal": "Hypertens Res", "authors": ["Silhol, Francois", "Sarlon, Gabrielle", "Deharo, Jean-Claude", "Vaisse, Bernard"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439915", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395788, "title": "Features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus admitted in a pneumology department: The first retrospective Tunisian case series.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Louhaichi, Sabrine", "Allouche, Asma", "Baili, Hassene", "Jrad, Sonia", "Radhouani, Alaeddine", "Greb, Dorra", "Akrout, Ines", "Ammar, Jamel", "Hamdi, Basma", "Added, Faouzi", "Hantous, Sawssan", "Hamzaoui, Agnes"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395788", "countries": ["Tunisia"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 2 March 2020, Tunisia has reported the first confirmed case of COVID-19. Since then, the disease has affected about 700 persons in the country. The purpose of our study was to report epidemiological, clinical, radiological and therapeutic features of patients with 2019-nCoV infection admitted in the pneumology department. We extracted the data of the consequetive 20 patients managed in the department of pneumology B at Abderrahmen Mami hospital, from March, 26 to April, 8, 2020. The median age was 61 years old [41-85]. There were 9 men and 11 women.\u00a0 Underlying disorders were observed in 16 patients (80%). Five patients were health care workers. Three patients did not have any known exposure. Common symptoms included fever (100%), shortness of breath (70%) and cough (70%). Computed tomography scans showed bilateral ground glass opacities in 7/9 cases. Fifteen patients received both chloroquine and azithromycin. Fourteen patients (70%) were discharged before April, 8, 2020. Reported complications were: hypokalemia (3 cases), pulmonary embolism (2 cases) and QT prolongation (1 case). One patient died from acute cardiac injury. Knowing the different aspects of moderate and severe forms of the disease can contribute to advance in infection control strategies."}, {"pmid": 32295787, "title": "SLE, hydroxychloroquine and no SLE patients with COVID-19: a comment.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295787", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253180, "title": "Health surveillance during covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Calvo, Rafael A", "Deterding, Sebastian", "Ryan, Richard M"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253180", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404799, "title": "Chest Computed Tomography Manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Patients With Cardiothoracic Conditions.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Salehi, Sana", "Abedi, Aidin", "Radmard, Amir Reza", "Sorouri, Majid", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404799", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious public health concern, with an exponentially growing number of patients worldwide. Computed tomography (CT) has been suggested as a highly sensitive modality for the diagnosis of pulmonary involvement in the early stages of COVID-19. The typical features of COVID-19 in chest CT include bilateral, peripheral, and multifocal ground-glass opacities with or without superimposed consolidations. Patients with underlying medical conditions are at higher risks of complications and mortality. The diagnosis of COVID-19 on the basis of the imaging features may be more challenging in patients with preexisting cardiothoracic conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, cardiovascular disease, and malignancies with cardiothoracic involvement. The extensive pulmonary involvement in some of these pathologies may obscure the typical manifestation of COVID-19, whereas other preexisting pathologies may resemble the atypical or rare CT manifestations of this viral pneumonia. Thus, understanding the specific CT manifestations in these special subgroups is essential for a prompt diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32422197, "pmcid": "PMC7228712", "title": "Who is most likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jordan, Rachel E", "Adab, Peymane"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422197", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253224, "title": "Supporting colleagues during covid-19: the intensive care consultant.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Dowd, Adrian"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253224", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467503, "pmcid": "PMC7273956", "title": "Acute Portal Vein Thrombosis in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["La Mura, Vincenzo", "Artoni, Andrea", "Martinelli, Ida", "Rossio, Raffaella", "Gualtierotti, Roberta", "Ghigliazza, Gabriele", "Fusco, Stefano", "Ierardi, Anna Maria", "Andrisani, Maria Carmela", "Carrafiello, Gianpaolo", "Peyvandi, Flora"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467503", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352162, "pmcid": "PMC7267580", "title": "Author response to: Covid-19-related pancreatic injury.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Spinelli, A", "Pellino, G", "Danese, S"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352162", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528040, "pmcid": "PMC7288260", "title": "Holding CoVID in check through JAK? The MPN-approved compound ruxolitinib as a potential strategy to treat SARS-CoV-2 induced systemic hyperinflammation.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["Heidel, F", "Hochhaus, A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528040", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442319, "title": "Hospital-based dental externship during COVID-19 pandemic: Think virtual!", "journal": "Spec Care Dentist", "authors": ["Stoopler, Eric T", "Tanaka, Takako I", "Sollecito, Thomas P"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442319", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392859, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Different Radiological Insights.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Brogna, Barbara", "Brogna, Claudia", "Martino, Alberigo", "Minichiello, Stefana", "Romeo, Domenico M", "Romano, Paolo", "Bignardi, Elio", "Mazza, Emerico Maria", "Musto, Lanfranco"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392859", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel viral infection characterized by several symptoms range from mild to severe clinical conditions that could lead to death. We report two different radiological findings on computed tomography (CT) in two patients affected by SARS-CoV-2: a lung acute embolism (APE) in the first case and a radiological picture of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the second case. This is an important issue to be identified in order to provide more specific therapy earlier, including both antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs associated with anti anticoagulant therapy."}, {"pmid": 32219356, "pmcid": "PMC7101506", "title": "Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Guo, Tao", "Fan, Yongzhen", "Chen, Ming", "Wu, Xiaoyan", "Zhang, Lin", "He, Tao", "Wang, Hairong", "Wan, Jing", "Wang, Xinghuan", "Lu, Zhibing"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219356", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasing numbers of confirmed cases and mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are occurring in several countries and continents. Information regarding the impact of cardiovascular complication on fatal outcome is scarce. To evaluate the association of underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) and myocardial injury with fatal outcomes in patients with COVID-19. This retrospective single-center case series analyzed patients with COVID-19 at the Seventh Hospital of Wuhan City, China, from January 23, 2020, to February 23, 2020. Analysis began February 25, 2020. Demographic data, laboratory findings, comorbidities, and treatments were collected and analyzed in patients with and without elevation of troponin T (TnT) levels. Among 187 patients with confirmed COVID-19, 144 patients (77%) were discharged and 43 patients (23%) died. The mean (SD) age was 58.50 (14.66) years. Overall, 66 (35.3%) had underlying CVD including hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cardiomyopathy, and 52 (27.8%) exhibited myocardial injury as indicated by elevated TnT levels. The mortality during hospitalization was 7.62% (8 of 105) for patients without underlying CVD and normal TnT levels, 13.33% (4 of 30) for those with underlying CVD and normal TnT levels, 37.50% (6 of 16) for those without underlying CVD but elevated TnT levels, and 69.44% (25 of 36) for those with underlying CVD and elevated TnTs. Patients with underlying CVD were more likely to exhibit elevation of TnT levels compared with the patients without CVD (36 [54.5%] vs 16 [13.2%]). Plasma TnT levels demonstrated a high and significantly positive linear correlation with plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.530, P\u2009<\u2009.001) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.613, P\u2009<\u2009.001). Plasma TnT and NT-proBNP levels during hospitalization (median [interquartile range (IQR)], 0.307 [0.094-0.600]; 1902.00 [728.35-8100.00]) and impending death (median [IQR], 0.141 [0.058-0.860]; 5375 [1179.50-25695.25]) increased significantly compared with admission values (median [IQR], 0.0355 [0.015-0.102]; 796.90 [401.93-1742.25]) in patients who died (P\u2009=\u2009.001; P\u2009<\u2009.001), while no significant dynamic changes of TnT (median [IQR], 0.010 [0.007-0.019]; 0.013 [0.007-0.022]; 0.011 [0.007-0.016]) and NT-proBNP (median [IQR], 352.20 [174.70-636.70]; 433.80 [155.80-1272.60]; 145.40 [63.4-526.50]) was observed in survivors (P\u2009=\u2009.96; P\u2009=\u2009.16). During hospitalization, patients with elevated TnT levels had more frequent malignant arrhythmias, and the use of glucocorticoid therapy (37 [71.2%] vs 69 [51.1%]) and mechanical ventilation (41 [59.6%] vs 14 [10.4%]) were higher compared with patients with normal TnT levels. The mortality rates of patients with and without use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers was 36.8% (7 of 19) and 25.6% (43 of 168). Myocardial injury is significantly associated with fatal outcome of COVID-19, while the prognosis of patients with underlying CVD but without myocardial injury is relatively favorable. Myocardial injury is associated with cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias. Inflammation may be a potential mechanism for myocardial injury. Aggressive treatment may be considered for patients at high risk of myocardial injury."}, {"pmid": 32458804, "pmcid": "PMC7202830", "title": "The immune system of children: the key to understanding SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility?", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Carsetti, Rita", "Quintarelli, Concetta", "Quinti, Isabella", "Piano Mortari, Eva", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Locatelli, Franco"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458804", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428380, "title": "Increased ACE2 Expression in the Bronchial Epithelium of COPD Patients who are Overweight.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Higham, Andrew", "Singh, Dave"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428380", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is increased in COPD patients. Furthermore, higher body mass index (BMI) is related to severe disease. SARS-CoV-2 utilises angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to gain cellular entry. We have investigated whether ACE2 bronchial epithelial expression is increased in COPD patients who are overweight compared to those who are not by RNA sequencing. We observed increased ACE2 expression in COPD patients who are overweight (mean BMI 29 kg/m2 ) compared to those notoverweight (mean BMI 21 kg/m2 ) (p=0.004). Increased ACE2 expression may cause increased SARS-CoV-2 infection of the respiratory tract. COPD patients who are overweight may be at greater risk of developing severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32468286, "title": "Education in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Radiol", "authors": ["Bloom, David Adam", "Reid, Janet R", "Cassady, Christopher I"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468286", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246906, "pmcid": "PMC7195346", "title": "Modelling COVID-19 transmission: from data to intervention.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jia, Zhongwei", "Lu, Zuhong"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246906", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32264898, "pmcid": "PMC7137852", "title": "Surgery in COVID-19 patients: operational directives.", "journal": "World J Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Coccolini, Federico", "Perrone, Gennaro", "Chiarugi, Massimo", "Di Marzo, Francesco", "Ansaloni, Luca", "Scandroglio, Ildo", "Marini, Pierluigi", "Zago, Mauro", "De Paolis, Paolo", "Forfori, Francesco", "Agresta, Ferdinando", "Puzziello, Alessandro", "D'Ugo, Domenico", "Bignami, Elena", "Bellini, Valentina", "Vitali, Pietro", "Petrini, Flavia", "Pifferi, Barbara", "Corradi, Francesco", "Tarasconi, Antonio", "Pattonieri, Vittoria", "Bonati, Elena", "Tritapepe, Luigi", "Agnoletti, Vanni", "Corbella, Davide", "Sartelli, Massimo", "Catena, Fausto"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264898", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic underlines the importance of a mindful utilization of financial and human resources. Preserving resources and manpower is paramount in healthcare. It is important to ensure the ability of surgeons and specialized professionals to function through the pandemic. A conscious effort should be made to minimize infection in this sector. A high mortality rate within this group would be detrimental.This manuscript is the result of a collaboration between the major Italian surgical and anesthesiologic societies: ACOI, SIC, SICUT, SICO, SICG, SIFIPAC, SICE, and SIAARTI. We aim to describe recommended clinical pathways for COVID-19-positive patients requiring acute non-deferrable surgical care. All hospitals should organize dedicated protocols and workforce training as part of the effort to face the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32240896, "pmcid": "PMC7102622", "title": "Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Liu, Nianqi", "Zhang, Fan", "Wei, Cun", "Jia, Yanpu", "Shang, Zhilei", "Sun, Luna", "Wu, Lili", "Sun, Zhuoer", "Zhou, Yaoguang", "Wang, Yan", "Liu, Weizhi"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240896", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 in China in December 2019 has been identified as a pandemic and a health emergency of global concern. Our objective was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in China hardest-hit areas during COVID-19 outbreak, especially exploring the gender difference existing in PTSS. One month after the December 2019 COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan China, we surveyed PTSS and sleep qualities among 285 residents in Wuhan and surrounding cities using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and 4 items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Hierarchical regression analysis and non-parametric test were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that the prevalence of PTSS in China hardest-hit areas a month after the COVID-19 outbreak was 7%. Women reported significant higher PTSS in the domains of re-experiencing, negative alterations in cognition or mood, and hyper-arousal. Participants with better sleep quality or less frequency of early awakenings reported lower PTSS. Professional and effective mental health services should be designed in order to aid the psychological wellbeing of the population in affected areas, especially those living in hardest-hit areas, females and people with poor sleep quality."}, {"pmid": 32434673, "pmcid": "PMC7211670", "title": "Complications of Orbital Emphysema in a COVID-19 Patient.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Stevens, Dylan V", "Tran, Ann Q", "Kim, Eleanore"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434673", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276256, "pmcid": "PMC7164396", "title": "Editorial. Early lessons in the management of COVID-19 for the pediatric neurosurgical community from the leadership of the American Society of Pediatric Neurosurgeons.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Pediatr", "authors": ["Wellons, John C", "Grant, Gerald", "Krieger, Mark D", "Ragheb, John", "Robinson, Shenandoah", "Weprin, Bradley", "Ojemann, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276256", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420924, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on census, organization and activity of a large urban Emergency Department.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Comelli, Ivan", "Scioscioli, Francesco", "Cervellin, Gianfranco"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420924", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is overwhelming the response of many regional health services across Italy. This article aims to report and discuss the data of the first 8 weeks of COVID-19 epidemic in the emergency department (ED) of the University Hospital of Parma. The ED visits were analyzed as follows: total ED visits, divided in COVID-19/ non-COVID-19 cases, and in trauma-related/non-trauma-related cases; outcome (i.e., discharged, admitted, dead in the ED) of patients, altogether or stratified according to triage class; age classes of the entire ED population. Total ED visits decreased starting from the first days of the outbreak, then exhibiting progressive growth afterwards. COVID suspected cases rapidly increased, whereas non-COVID suspected dropped and remained well below the standard. Trauma-related cases declined, both as ED visits and as hospital admissions. The percentage and absolute number of patients admitted to hospital wards progressively increased, rapidly overwhelming the number of cases that could be discharged. The admission rate in the lowest priority classes also displayed a marked increase. The youngest age classes dramatically declined, whilst the oldest progressively increased, remaining considerably over the standard rate of the local ED. The COVID-19 pandemic has obliged the health care systems to undergo a paradigm shift. Even triage criteria have partially lost their meaning, as shown by the dramatic increase of hospital admissions, even in the lowest priority classes. A deep re-organizational process of the ED was undertaken. Hospitals must be constantly resilient and prepared to these new emergencies in terms of equipment, medical and nurses staff, larger bed capacity in short time, availability of intensive and sub-intensive beds, and flexibility."}, {"pmid": 32399093, "pmcid": "PMC7212217", "title": "Lipid-lowering therapy and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Med Sci", "authors": ["Katsiki, Niki", "Banach, Maciej", "Mikhailidis, Dimitri P"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399093", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443944, "title": "Gender Analysis of COVID-19 Outbreak in South Korea: A Common Challenge and Call for Action.", "journal": "Health Educ Behav", "authors": ["Kim, Saerom", "Kim, Jin-Hwan", "Park, Yukyung", "Kim, Sun", "Kim, Chang-Yup"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443944", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to analyze South Korea's experience during the COVID-19 outbreak through a gendered lens. We briefly introduce the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea, scrutinize gendered vulnerability in contracting the virus, and then analyze the gendered aspects of the pandemic response in two phases: quarantine policy and mitigation policy. The authors elicit four lessons from the analysis. First, gender needs to be mainstreamed at all stages of a public health emergency response. Second, in addition to medical care, all formal and informal care work should be considered as an essential component of health care systems. Third, a people-centered approach in health governance should be prioritized to make women's voices heard at every level. Fourth, medical technology and resources to cope with pandemic should be produced and distributed in an equitable manner, acknowledging differential vulnerability and susceptibility."}, {"pmid": 32401460, "title": "Is the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic an Indication to Temporarily Modify Dermatological Management Plans?", "journal": "J Drugs Dermatol", "authors": ["Shanshal, Mohammed"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401460", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511744, "title": "Approaching COVID-19 - bedside strategies for intensive care.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Gustavo, Betonico", "Lima, Emerson", "Tome, Ana"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511744", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) urged a never-seen coordinated global response to prepare the health system, including primary care, hospital facilities and intensive care units (ICUs). Lessons have been learned from countries who suffered the pandemic at the beginning, helping the ones which are on different phases of the spreading curve. Currently, optimizing intensive care resources is mandatory as admittance to the ICUs remains rising exponentially. While public and private health system struggle for changing the slope of the curve, intensivists prepare the facilities for a tsunami of respiratory failure patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32425702, "pmcid": "PMC7229923", "title": "TERAVOLT: Thoracic Cancers International COVID-19 Collaboration.", "journal": "Cancer Cell", "authors": ["Whisenant, Jennifer G", "Trama, Annalisa", "Torri, Valter", "De Toma, Alessandro", "Viscardi, Giuseppe", "Cortellini, Alessio", "Michielin, Olivier", "Barlesi, Fabrice", "Dingemans, Anne-Marie C", "Van Meerbeeck, Jan", "Pancaldi, Vera", "Soo, Ross A", "Leighl, Natasha B", "Peters, Solange", "Wakelee, Heather", "Garassino, Marina Chiara", "Horn, Leora"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425702", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prior publications on small subsets of cancer patients infected with SARS CoV-2 have shown an increased risk of mortality compared to the general population. Furthermore, patients with thoracic malignancies are thought to be at particularly high risk given their older age, smoking habits, and pre-existing cardio-pulmonary comorbidities. For this reason, physicians around the world have formed TERAVOLT, a global consortium dedicated to understanding the impact of COVID-19 on patients with thoracic malignancies."}, {"pmid": 32232429, "pmcid": "PMC7184489", "title": "Computed Tomographic Imaging of 3 Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia With Negative Virus Real-time Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Test.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xu, Junqing", "Wu, Ruodai", "Huang, Hua", "Zheng, Weidong", "Ren, Xinling", "Wu, Nashan", "Ji, Bin", "Lv, Yungang", "Liu, Yumeng", "Mi, Rui"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232429", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We reported computed tomographic (CT) imaging findings of 3 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia with initially negative results before CT examination and finally confirmed positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay."}, {"pmid": 32232339, "pmcid": "PMC7103766", "title": "Forty years with coronaviruses.", "journal": "J Exp Med", "authors": ["Weiss, Susan R"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232339", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I have been researching coronaviruses for more than forty years. This viewpoint summarizes some of the major findings in coronavirus research made before the SARS epidemic and how they inform current research on the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32514316, "pmcid": "PMC7265102", "title": "Ethical Issues in Decision-making Regarding the Elderly Affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Expert Opinion.", "journal": "Eur Cardiol", "authors": ["Martinez-Selles, David", "Martinez-Selles, Helena", "Martinez-Selles, Manuel"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514316", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is resulting in ethical decisions regarding resource allocation. Prioritisation reflects established practices that regulate the distribution of finite resources when demand exceeds supply. However, discrimination based on sex, race or age has no role in prioritisation unless clearly justified. The risk posed by COVID-19 is higher for elderly people than for younger people, so older adults should be prioritised in preventive measures. In the case of people who already have COVID-19, healthcare professionals might prioritise those most likely to survive. Making decisions based on chronological age alone is not justified; in addition to age, other aspects that determine theoretical life expectancy must be taken into account. Individualised correct prioritisation in the allocation of scarce resources is essential to good clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32352363, "title": "Egypt's groundwork blessing during the COVID-19 pandemic curse: Rheumatologic experience.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Gheita, Tamer A", "Kenawy, Sanaa A"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352363", "countries": ["Egypt"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239532, "pmcid": "PMC7228311", "title": "Our Italian experience using lung ultrasound for identification, grading and serial follow-up of severity of lung involvement for management of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Echocardiography", "authors": ["Vetrugno, Luigi", "Bove, Tiziana", "Orso, Daniele", "Barbariol, Federico", "Bassi, Flavio", "Boero, Enrico", "Ferrari, Giovanni", "Kong, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239532", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung ultrasound (LU) has rapidly become a tool for assessment of patients stricken by the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Over the past two and a half months (January, February, and first half of March 2020) we have used this modality for identification of lung involvement along with pulmonary severity in patients with suspected or documented COVID-19 infection. Use of LU has helped us in clinical decision making and reduced the use of both chest x-rays and computed tomography (CT)."}, {"pmid": 32323454, "pmcid": "PMC7235497", "title": "Alopecia areata not due by isotretinoin. A thought in COVID-19 time.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Jimenez, Pedro", "Ramirez-Bellver, Jose Luis", "Ruiz-Rodriguez, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323454", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529170, "pmcid": "PMC7280022", "title": "Systematic Screening for Venous Thromboembolic Events in COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "TH Open", "authors": ["Grandmaison, Gael", "Andrey, Antoine", "Periard, Daniel", "Engelberger, Rolf P", "Carrel, Guillaume", "Doll, Sebastien", "Dexpert, Jean-Baptiste", "Krieger, Caroline", "Ksouri, Hatem", "Hayoz, Daniel", "Sridharan, Govind"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529170", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425229, "pmcid": "PMC7233219", "title": "Focusing on gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 is far from enough.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Liu, Yuzhi", "Xiang, Lingya", "Deng, Kai"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425229", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529474, "pmcid": "PMC7287029", "title": "Does Ibuprofen Worsen COVID-19?", "journal": "Drug Saf", "authors": ["Moore, Nicholas", "Carleton, Bruce", "Blin, Patrick", "Bosco-Levy, Pauline", "Droz, Cecile"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529474", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376725, "title": "Co-infection and Other Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Children.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Wu, Qin", "Xing, Yuhan", "Shi, Lei", "Li, Wenjie", "Gao, Yang", "Pan, Silin", "Wang, Ying", "Wang, Wendi", "Xing, Quansheng"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376725", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified pathogen that mainly spreads by droplets. Most published studies have been focused on adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but data concerning pediatric patients are limited. In this study, we aimed to determine epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of pediatric patients with COVID-19. We reviewed and analyzed data on pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, including basic information, epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiologic findings, treatment, outcome, and follow-up results. A total of 74 pediatric patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. Of the 68 case patients whose epidemiological data were complete, 65 (65 of 68; 95.59%) were household contacts of adults. Cough (32.43%) and fever (27.03%) were the predominant symptoms of 44 (59.46%) symptomatic patients at onset of the illness. Abnormalities in leukocyte count were found in 23 (31.08%) children, and 10 (13.51%) children presented with abnormal lymphocyte count. Of the 34 (45.95%) patients who had nucleic acid testing results for common respiratory pathogens, 19 (51.35%) showed coinfection with other pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2. Ten (13.51%) children had real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis for fecal specimens, and 8 of them showed prolonged existence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Pediatric patients with COVID-19 presented with distinct epidemiological, clinical, and radiologic characteristics from adult patients. Nearly one-half of the infected children had coinfection with other common respiratory pathogens. It is not uncommon for pediatric patients to have prolonged fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA during the convalescent phase."}, {"pmid": 32240961, "pmcid": "PMC7270579", "title": "Routine childhood immunization may protect against COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Salman, Samar", "Salem, Mohamed Labib"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240961", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346473, "pmcid": "PMC7187812", "title": "Foot and ankle service adaptation in response to COVID-19 and beyond.", "journal": "Ann Med Surg (Lond)", "authors": ["Feeley, I", "McAleese, T", "Clesham, K", "Maloney, D", "Crozier-Shaw, G", "Hughes, A", "Bayer, T"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346473", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526275, "title": "Risk factors for disease progression in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients- a multi-center observational study.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Cen, Yuan", "Chen, Xian", "Shen, Ye", "Zhang, Xiao-Hua", "Lei, Yu", "Xu, Cheng", "Jiang, Wen-Rui", "Xu, Hai-Tao", "Chen, Yang", "Zhu, Jie", "Zhang, Li-Li", "Liu, Yu-Hui"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526275", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, patients infected with a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread globally. The risk for poor outcome dramatically increases once a patient progressed to the severe or critical stage. The present study aims to investigate the risk factors for disease progression in mild to moderate cases of COVID-19. We conducted a cohort study which included 1007 mild to moderate cases with COVID-19 from 3 hospitals in Wuhan. Clinical characteristics and baseline laboratory findings were collected. Patients had been followed up for 28\u00a0days for observation of disease progression. The endpoint was the progression to a more severe disease stage. During a follow up of 28\u00a0days, 720 patients (71.50%) had recovered or been symptomatically stable, 222 patients (22.05%) had progressed to the severe stage, 22 patients (2.18%) had progressed to the critically ill stage, 43 patients (4.27%) had deceased. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models identified that increased age (HR 2.56, 95% CI 1.97 to 3.33), male sex (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.28), presence of hypertension (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.88), diabetes (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.44), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.93) and coronary artery disease (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.66) were risk factors for disease progression. History of smoking was protective against disease progression (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.91). Elevated procalcitonin (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.90), urea nitrogen (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.43), \u03b1-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HR 3.02, 95% CI 1.26 to 7.21) and D-dimer (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.58) at baseline were also associated with risk for disease progression. This study identified a panel of risk factors for disease progression in mild to moderate cases with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32348783, "pmcid": "PMC7195008", "title": "Hyperinflammation and derangement of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in COVID-19: A novel hypothesis for clinically suspected hypercoagulopathy and microvascular immunothrombosis.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Henry, Brandon Michael", "Vikse, Jens", "Benoit, Stefanie", "Favaloro, Emmanuel J", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348783", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early clinical evidence suggests that severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are frequently characterized by hyperinflammation, imbalance of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and a particular form of vasculopathy, thrombotic microangiopathy, and intravascular coagulopathy. In this paper, we present an immunothrombosis model of COVID-19. We discuss the underlying pathogenesis and the interaction between multiple systems, resulting in propagation of immunothrombosis, which through investigation in the coming weeks, may lead to both an improved understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology and identification of innovative and efficient therapeutic targets to reverse the otherwise unfavorable clinical outcome of many of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32514473, "pmcid": "PMC7242958", "title": "Meeting the challenges imposed by COVID-19: Guidance document by the ESTRO Radiation TherapisT Committee (RTTC).", "journal": "Tech Innov Patient Support Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Tsang, Yat", "Duffton, Aileen", "Leech, Michelle", "Rossi, Maddalena", "Scherer, Philipp"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514473", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 - a novel coronavirus was firstly reported in December 2019. In response to threats imposed by COVID-19, the European society for radiotherapy and oncology Radiation TherapisT Committee (ESTRO RTTC) prepared this document in conjunction with an infographic with four main domains: patient care, RTT workflow, remote working and RT practice. In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, RTTs should be empowered with appropriate guidance and personal protection equipment in order to provide a safe radiotherapy service by limiting potential viral exposure to patients, healthcare workers and general public."}, {"pmid": 32404490, "pmcid": "PMC7246099", "title": "Is COVID-19 more severe in older men?", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Liang, Xiaopeng"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404490", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447945, "title": "[Understanding and suggestion on prevention and control of COVID-19 infection in hematological wards].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hong, M", "Fang, Y", "Xia, L H"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447945", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201972, "title": "Global coronavirus pandemic (2019-nCOV): implication for an Italian medium size dermatological clinic of a II level hospital.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Radi, G", "Diotallevi, F", "Campanati, A", "Offidani, A"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201972", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490556, "title": "Insouciance and inexperience: A deadly combination when dealing with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Health Plann Manage", "authors": ["Paton, Calum"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490556", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article gives key reasons for the UK's tardy and confused attempts to react to the COVID-19 pandemic. It explains very poor outcomes in the UK (in terms of the spread of the virus and high mortality, already striking at the time of writing), in terms of an initial lack of political will to prioritise public health, itself a product of a strong Prime Minister who made the \"wrong call\". It also highlights a failure to \"follow the science\", except in so far as the \"science\" had already accepted some dubious political judgements and the lack of capacity to test as the starting-point."}, {"pmid": 32514394, "pmcid": "PMC7255269", "title": "Symmetrical polyneuropathy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Ghiasvand, Fereshteh", "Ghadimi, Maryam", "Ghadimi, Fatemeh", "Safarpour, Samin", "Hosseinzadeh, Roghieh", "SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514394", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the novel coronavirus that began in late December 2019 was announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization as the number of cases is increasing exponentially throughout the globe. We presented a patient with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia developing symmetric polyneuropathy. To our knowledge, extrapulmonary clinical presentations of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have rarely been reported. This case highlights the possible association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and nervous system involvement."}, {"pmid": 32461973, "pmcid": "PMC7212276", "title": "Design of a Multiepitope-Based Peptide Vaccine against the E Protein of Human COVID-19: An Immunoinformatics Approach.", "journal": "Biomed Res Int", "authors": ["Abdelmageed, Miyssa I", "Abdelmoneim, Abdelrahman H", "Mustafa, Mujahed I", "Elfadol, Nafisa M", "Murshed, Naseem S", "Shantier, Shaza W", "Makhawi, Abdelrafie M"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461973", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new endemic disease has spread across Wuhan City, China, in December 2019. Within few weeks, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a novel coronavirus designated as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In late January 2020, WHO declared the outbreak of a \"public-health emergency of international concern\" due to the rapid and increasing spread of the disease worldwide. Currently, there is no vaccine or approved treatment for this emerging infection; thus, the objective of this study is to design a multiepitope peptide vaccine against COVID-19 using an immunoinformatics approach. Several techniques facilitating the combination of the immunoinformatics approach and comparative genomic approach were used in order to determine the potential peptides for designing the T-cell epitope-based peptide vaccine using the envelope protein of 2019-nCoV as a target. Extensive mutations, insertion, and deletion were discovered with comparative sequencing in the COVID-19 strain. Additionally, ten peptides binding to MHC class I and MHC class II were found to be promising candidates for vaccine design with adequate world population coverage of 88.5% and 99.99%, respectively. The T-cell epitope-based peptide vaccine was designed for COVID-19 using the envelope protein as an immunogenic target. Nevertheless, the proposed vaccine rapidly needs to be validated clinically in order to ensure its safety and immunogenic profile to help stop this epidemic before it leads to devastating global outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32226285, "pmcid": "PMC7098030", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: an Emerging Coronavirus that Causes a Global Threat.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Zheng, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226285", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, currently designated as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported recently. However, as SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging virus, we know little about it. In this review, we summarize the key events occurred during the early stage of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the basic characteristics of the pathogen, the signs and symptoms of the infected patients as well as the possible transmission pathways of the virus. Furthermore, we also review the current knowledge on the origin and evolution of the SARS-CoV-2. We highlight bats as the potential natural reservoir and pangolins as the possible intermediate host of the virus, but their roles are waiting for further investigation. Finally, the advances in the development of chemotherapeutic options are also briefly summarized."}, {"pmid": 32389423, "pmcid": "PMC7196531", "title": "Acute ischemic stroke complicating common carotid artery thrombosis during a severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Viguier, Alain", "Delamarre, Louis", "Duplantier, Julien", "Olivot, Jean-Marc", "Bonneville, Fabrice"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389423", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201080, "pmcid": "PMC7102515", "title": "Spike protein recognition of mammalian ACE2 predicts the host range and an optimized ACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun", "authors": ["Luan, Junwen", "Lu, Yue", "Jin, Xiaolu", "Zhang, Leiliang"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201080", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 causes the recent global COVID-19 public health emergency. ACE2 is the receptor for both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. To predict the potential host range of SARS-CoV-2, we analyzed the key residues of ACE2 for recognizing S protein. We found that most of the selected mammals including pets (dog and cat), pangolin and Circetidae mammals remained the most of key residues for association with S protein from SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The interaction interface between cat/dog/pangolin/Chinese hamster ACE2 and SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 S protein was simulated through homology modeling. We identified that N82 in ACE2 showed a closer contact with SARS-CoV-2 S protein than M82 in human ACE2. Our finding will provide important insights into the host range of SARS-CoV-2 and a new strategy to design an optimized ACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32425472, "pmcid": "PMC7227591", "title": "Electroconvulsive therapy for geriatric depression in the COVID-19 era: reflection on the ethics.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Burhan, Amer M", "Safi, Ajmal", "Blair, Mervin", "O'Reilly, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425472", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354653, "pmcid": "PMC7174153", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey of future use of personal protective equipment in optometric practice.", "journal": "Cont Lens Anterior Eye", "authors": ["Pult, Heiko"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354653", "countries": ["Germany", "Switzerland", "Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this project was to evaluate which personal protective equipment (PPE) eye care practitioners (ECP) will use during the next months and also what they will ask the patient to use in clinical practice. A social-media survey was carried out, asking 257 optometrists and opticians in Germany, Austria and Switzerland (i) which PPE they intended to use in the future (after lockdown and before herd immunity and / or vaccine availability) and (ii) what they would ask the patient to do in terms of this. 75 % of the ECPs planned on wearing masks during refractions and 69 % when fitting contact lens. 62 % of the ECPs also expected their patients to wear masks in these tasks. This number is higher than for distance tasks such as fitting frames. Around 90 % of the ECPs would, in addition to hand washing, disinfect their hands and around 80 % expected their patients to do so too. Less than one third of ECPs favoured wearing safety spectacles, gloves and / or protective facial shields. 73 % planed on disinfecting frames after they would have been tried on by customers. In summary, most ECPs planed on continuing to use higher standards of PPE. Those, who intended to wear masks themselves, would ask their patients to also do so, combined with hand disinfection."}, {"pmid": 32360316, "pmcid": "PMC7183962", "title": "Reply to 'CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management' by Ferreli F. et al.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Pichi, Barbara", "Mazzola, Francesco", "Bonsembiante, Anna", "Petruzzi, Gerardo", "Zocchi, Jacopo", "Moretto, Silvia", "De Virgilio, Armando", "Pellini, Raul"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360316", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416016, "title": "The haka: Wonderful bonding, sending a challenge in a global crisis, or merely cultural appropriation?", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Wilson, Denise"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I want to begin by acknowledging the tremendous work nurses are undertaking at the frontline of healthcare throughout the world currently. I also want to pay my respects to those nurses and their families and friends who have sadly lost their lives from COVID-19 emphasising the risks our workplaces present. The work of all nurses globally reinforces their pivotal role in healthcare during this time of crisis precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic - something I never thought we would see to this scale in our lifetime."}, {"pmid": 32310918, "title": "[ANMCO Position paper: Guidance for the management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients requiring urgent electrophysiological procedures].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Gulizia, Michele Massimo", "Zecchin, Massimo", "Colivicchi, Furio", "Francese, Giuseppina Maura", "Murrone, Adriano", "Caldarola, Pasquale", "Di Lenarda, Andrea", "Valente, Serafina", "Roncon, Loris", "Amodeo, Enzo", "Aspromonte, Nadia", "Cipriani, Manlio Gianni", "Domenicucci, Stefano", "Imazio, Massimo", "Scotto Di Uccio, Fortunato", "Urbinati, Stefano", "Gabrielli, Domenico"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310918", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377567, "pmcid": "PMC7193607", "title": "IUFoST/CIFST hold an Extraordinary Scientific Roundtable on COVID-19 and Food Safety.", "journal": "NPJ Sci Food", "authors": ["Moy, Gerald G"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377567", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338150, "pmcid": "PMC7241447", "title": "Mathematic modeling of COVID-19 in the United States.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Tang, Yuanji", "Wang, Shixia"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338150", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the worst pandemic in 100 years, has rapidly spread to the entire world in 2 months since its early report in January 2020. Based on the publicly available data sources, we developed a simple mathematic modeling approach to track the outbreaks of COVID-19 in the US and three selected states: New York, Michigan and California. The same approach is applicable to other regions or countries. We hope our work can stimulate more effort in understanding how an outbreak is developing and how big a scope it can be and in what kind of time framework. Such information is critical for outbreak control, resource utilization and re-opening of the normal daily life to citizens in the affected community."}, {"pmid": 32358568, "pmcid": "PMC7194246", "title": "Frequently asked questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients-recommendations for clinicians caring for patients with malignant diseases.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["von Lilienfeld-Toal, Marie", "Vehreschild, Jorg Janne", "Cornely, Oliver", "Pagano, Livio", "Compagno, Francesca", "Hirsch, Hans H"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358568", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since early 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has a massive impact on health care systems worldwide. Patients with malignant diseases are assumed to be at increased risk for a worse outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and therefore, guidance regarding prevention and management of the infection as well as safe administration of cancer-therapy is required. Here, we provide recommendations for the management of patients with malignant disease in the times of COVID-19. These recommendations were prepared by an international panel of experts and then consented by the EHA Scientific Working Group on Infection in Hematology. The primary aim is to enable clinicians to provide optimal cancer care as safely as possible, since the most important protection for patients with malignant disease is the best-possible control of the underlying disease."}, {"pmid": 32425991, "pmcid": "PMC7233236", "title": "The liver in times of COVID-19: What hepatologists should know.", "journal": "Ann Hepatol", "authors": ["Ridruejo, Ezequiel", "Soza, Alejandro"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425991", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a serious threat to healthcare systems globally. Information regarding to the how the infection affects the liver and relevance of pre-existing liver disease as a risk factor for acquiring the infection or having a severe disease are still scarce. Also, considerations to be considered in liver transplant patients or those having hepatocellular carcinoma or are under immunosuppressive therapy are being matter of analysis as information is being generated. Different treatments for COVID-19 are currently under study some of which may be associated to hepatotoxicity. In the present review we discuss current data on the COVID-19 and liver aiming to provide hepatologists with updated information to face this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32523931, "pmcid": "PMC7279904", "title": "Fatal Ischaemic Stroke During COVID-19 and Acute Lung Injury.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Duroi, Iris", "Van Durme, Frederik", "Bruyns, Tony", "Louage, Sofie", "Heyse, Alex"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523931", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe COVID-19 may predispose to both venous and arterial thrombosis. We describe a patient with acute ischaemic stroke while suffering from COVID-19 and respiratory failure, necessitating mechanical ventilation. Deep sedation may delay diagnosis. A thrombotic stroke can complicate severe COVID-19.Prolonged deep sedation during mechanical ventilation of COVID-19 patients may delay the diagnosis of stroke.The hypercoagulability and a thrombo-inflammatory response in COVID-19 is characterized by an increase in D-dimers and fibrinogen."}, {"pmid": 32377709, "pmcid": "PMC7248467", "title": "Obesity a risk factor for increased COVID19 prevalence, severity and lethality (Review).", "journal": "Mol Med Rep", "authors": ["Petrakis, Demetrios", "Margina, Denisa", "Tsarouhas, Konstantinos", "Tekos, Fotios", "Stan, Miriana", "Nikitovic, Dragana", "Kouretas, Demetrios", "Spandidos, Demetrios A", "Tsatsakis, Aristidis"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377709", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs), enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses, are a group of viruses that cause infections in the human respiratory tract, which can be characterized clinically from mild to fatal. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02 (SARS\u2011CoV\u20112) is the virus responsible. The global spread of COVID\u201119 can be described as the worst pandemic in humanity in the last century. To date, COVID\u201119 has infected more than 3,000,000\u00a0people worldwide and killed more than 200,000\u00a0people. All age groups can be infected from the virus, but more serious symptoms that can possibly result in death are observed in older people and those with underlying medical conditions such as cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. Novel data report more severe symptoms and even a negative prognosis for the obese patients. A growing body of evidence connects obesity with COVID\u201119 and a number of mechanisms from immune system activity attenuation to chronic inflammation are implicated. Lipid peroxidation creates reactive lipid aldehydes which in a patient with metabolic disorder and COVID\u201119 will affect its prognosis. Finally, pregnancy\u2011associated obesity needs to be studied further in connection to COVID\u201119 as this infection could pose high risk both to pregnant women and the fetus."}, {"pmid": 32488422, "pmcid": "PMC7265165", "title": "[Recommendations for the support of suffering, severely ill, dying or grieving persons in the corona pandemic from a palliative care perspective : Recommendations of the German Society for Palliative Medicine (DGP), the German Interdisciplinary Association for Intensive and Emergency Medicine (DIVI), the Federal Association for Grief Counseling (BVT), the Working Group for Psycho-oncology in the German Cancer Society, the German Association for Social Work in the Healthcare System (DVSG) and the German Association for Systemic Therapy, Counseling and Family Therapy (DGSF)].", "journal": "Schmerz", "authors": ["Munch, Urs", "Muller, Heidi", "Deffner, Teresa", "von Schmude, Andrea", "Kern, Martina", "Kiepke-Ziemes, Susanne", "Radbruch, Lukas"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The corona pandemic has led to a\u00a0number of restrictions and prohibitions, which in turn place large psychosocial or spiritual burdens on patients with COVID-19, their families and relatives and the treating personnel in the healthcare system. Patients with COVID-19 are not allowed to receive visitors and many hospitals and nursing homes have completely banned visitors. Many support services have been reduced or stopped completely. Necessary treatment interventions for other patients with critical and life-limiting diseases have been delayed or suspended in order to free resources for the expected COVID-19 patients; however, these people need to feel social connectedness with their relatives. Palliative care patients should be exempted from any ban on visitors. Families should be able to visit dying patients even on intensive care units or isolation wards, using adequate protective equipment. Alternative options, such as video telephone calls or via social media should be explored for patients in isolation. Families should also be enabled to say goodbye to the deceased with adequate protective equipment or should be offered alternative real or virtual options for remembrance and commemoration. Health care professionals coping with the exceptional stress should be continuously supported. This requires clear communication and leadership structures, communication training, psychosocial support, but most of all optimal framework conditions for the clinical work."}, {"pmid": 32052373, "pmcid": "PMC7091420", "title": "Practical recommendations for critical care and anesthesiology teams caring for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) patients.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Wax, Randy S", "Christian, Michael D"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32052373", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A global health emergency has been declared by the World Health Organization as the 2019-nCoV outbreak spreads across the world, with confirmed patients in Canada. Patients infected with 2019-nCoV are at risk for developing respiratory failure and requiring admission to critical care units. While providing optimal treatment for these patients, careful execution of infection control measures is necessary to prevent nosocomial transmission to other patients and to healthcare workers providing care. Although the exact mechanisms of transmission are currently unclear, human-to-human transmission can occur, and the risk of airborne spread during aerosol-generating medical procedures remains a concern in specific circumstances. This paper summarizes important considerations regarding patient screening, environmental controls, personal protective equipment, resuscitation measures (including intubation), and critical care unit operations planning as we prepare for the possibility of new imported cases or local outbreaks of 2019-nCoV. Although understanding of the 2019-nCoV virus is evolving, lessons learned from prior infectious disease challenges such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome will hopefully improve our state of readiness regardless of the number of cases we eventually manage in Canada."}, {"pmid": 32314563, "pmcid": "PMC7194525", "title": "Responding to COVID-19: Perspectives From the Chinese Society of Gastroenterology.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Mao, Ren", "Liang, Jie", "Wu, Kai-Chun", "Chen, Min-Hu"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314563", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427416, "title": "COVID-19 complicated by acute myocardial infarction with extensive thrombus burden and cardiogenic shock.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Harari, Rafael", "Bangalore, Sripal", "Chang, Ernest", "Shah, Binita"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427416", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A patient with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) developed acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by extensive coronary thrombosis and cardiogenic shock. She underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and placement of a mechanical circulatory support device but subsequently died from shock. This report illustrates the challenges in managing patients with COVID-19, AMI, and cardiogenic shock."}, {"pmid": 32515371, "title": "Social distancing: A non-pharmacological intervention for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Mal, Piryani Rano", "Suneel, Piryani", "Shomeeta, Piryani"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515371", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social distancing is one of the non-pharmacological measures to contain the infection of COVID-19. At this point in time, no vaccine is available to prevent the infection, no effective drugs are available to prevent and treat the disease, and none of the communities have acquired herd immunity. Various models have shown positive impact of social distancing, provided its implementation on vast majority of the population over a long period of time. Its effect is manifold. Besides flattening the curve, it impacts the political, fiscal, social, economic aspects of the society, along with socially vulnerable and economically underprivileged population. It becomes obsolete after the population develops herd immunity subsequent to widespread infection in the community, or after effective mass immunisation or specific drugs for its control, cure and prevention are available widely."}, {"pmid": 32421378, "title": "Corrigendum to Canadian Association of Thoracic Radiology/Canadian Association of Radiologists Consensus Statement Regarding Chest Imaging in Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421378", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347519, "pmcid": "PMC7188004", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Intragastric Balloon Removal During the COVID-19 Pandemic: to Postpone or Not? That Is the Question.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Chiappetta, Sonja", "De Seta, Massimiliano", "Rice, Mark", "Bottino, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347519", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338224, "title": "Focus on Receptors for Coronaviruses with Special Reference to Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 as a Potential Drug Target - A Perspective.", "journal": "Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets", "authors": ["Magrone, Thea", "Magrone, Manrico", "Jirillo, Emilio"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338224", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) possess an enveloped, single, positive-stranded RNA genome which encodes for four membrane proteins, namely spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins 3-5 [1]. With regard to pathogenicity, S proteins are essential for viral entry into host cells [2, 3]. SARS-CoV binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 which is present on nonimmune cells, such as respiratory and intestinal epithelial cells, endothelial cells, kidney cells (renal tubules) and cerebral neurons and immune cells, such as alveolar monocytes/macrophages [4-6]. Of note, CD209L or liver/lymph node special intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (SIGN) and dendritic cell (DC)-SIGN are alternative receptors for SARS-CoV but with lower affinity [7]. In the case of MERS-CoV, S proteins bind to the host cell receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4 or CD26) which is broadly expressed on intestinal, alveolar, renal, hepatic and prostate cells as well as on activated leukocytes [8]. Then, viruses replicate in target cells with release of mature virions, which, in turn, invade new target cells [9]. Evidence has been provided that SARSCoV proteins are cleaved into two subunits, S1 and S2, respectively, and the amino acids 318-510 of the S1 represent the receptor-binding domain (RBD) which binds to ACE2 [10, 11]. Quite importantly, in the context of RBD there is the receptor-binding motif (RBM) (amino acids 424- 494), which accounts for complete binding to ACE2 [11]. Moreover, by means of two residues at positions 479 and 487 RBD allows virus progression and tropism [10, 11]. In the case of MERSCoV, its RBM binds to DPP4 with residues 484-567, thus, suggesting that its RBD differs from that of SARS-CoV [12, 13]. In a very recent paper, Wan and associates [14] have investigated the receptor recognition by COVID-19 (a new term to indicate the 2019-nCoV in Wuhan) on the bases of structural studies. In this respect, the sequence of COVID-19 RBM is similar to that of SARSCoV, thus, implicating that ACE2 may represent the binding receptors for COVID-19. Furthermore, gln493 residue of COVID-19 RBM seems to allow interaction with human ACE2, thus, suggesting the ability of this virus to infect human cells. According, to Wan and associates structural analysis [14], COVID-19 binds to human ACE2 with a lesser efficiency than human SARS-CoV (2002) but with higher affinity than human SARS-CoV (2003). Furthermore, same authors predicted that a single mutation at the 501 position may enhance the COVID-19 RBD binding capacity to human ACE2 and this evolution should be monitored in infected patients [14]. These predictive findings by Wan and associates [14] are confirmed by two contemporary studies by Letko and Muster [15] and Peng and associates [16]. In particular, the report by Peng and associates [16], points out the possible origin of COVID-19 from bats [16]. From a pathogenic point of view, evidence has been provided that binding of S2 to ACE2 receptor leads to its down-regulation with subsequent lung damage in the course of SARS-CoV infection [17]. Down-regulation of ACE2 causes excessive production of angiotensin (ANG) II by the related enzyme ACE with stimulation of ANG type 1a receptor (AT1R) and enhanced lung vascular permeability [18]. In particular, same authors have reported that recombinant ACE2 could attenuate severe acute lung injury in mice [18]. Moreover, Battle and associates [19] also proposed to use already available recombinant ACE2 for intercepting COVID-19 and attenuating infection. In the previous paragraphs, the presence of ACE2 on immune cells has been pointed out and, by analogy to epithelial cells, this receptor may also be down-regulated following viral entry. Therefore, in CoV-infected animal models and in infected humans further investigations are required to clarify a possible reduced expression of ACE2 on immune cells. In fact, in the course of SARS-CoV infection, a number of immune disorders have been detected. Three reports have demonstrated the ability of CoV to inhibit interferon (IFN)-\uf062 production in the course of SARS acting as IFN antagonist [20-22]. In senescent Balb/c mice, depletion of T lymphocytes is associated to more severe interstitial pneumonitis and delayed clearance of SARS-CoV, thus, suggesting a protective role played by these cells [23]. In this connection, both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have been shown to induce T cell apoptosis, thus, aggravating the clinical course of disease [24, 25]. Quite interestingly, memory CD8+ T cells specific for SARS-CoV M and N proteins have been detected up to 11 years post-infection [26]. As far as humoral immune responsiveness is concerned, evidence has been provided that S1 subunit from MERS-CoV is highly immunogenic in mice [27]. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies have been shown to be highly neutralizing against MERS-CoV replication and endowed with post exposure effectiveness in susceptible mice [28, 29]. Human neutralizing antibodies have also been isolated from a recovered patient, thus, suggesting the role of humoral immunity in the control of the persistence of CoV in the host [30]. In particular, IgG response occurs early in infection and its prolonged production may serve for virus clearance during recovery also in view of the absence of viremia in convalescent sera from SARS patients [31]. According to current literature, severity of COVID-19 infection correlates with lymphopenia and patients who died from COVID-19 had lower lymphocyte counts when compared to survivors [32, 33]. These data suggest that lymphocyte-mediated anti-viral activity is poorly effective against COVID-19. Despite lymphopenia, evidence for an exaggerate release of proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6] has been reported in the course acute respiratory syndrome in COVID19 infected patients, thus, aggravating the clinical course of disease [34]. As recently reported, during COVID-19 pandemic in both Italy and China higher frequency of fatalities have been observed in the frail elderly population with previous comorbidities [35]. It is well known that decline of immunity occurs in ageing and, therefore, COVID-19 may gain easier access to the respiratory tract in frail elderly patients [36]. There is evidence that ACE2 protects from severe acute lung failure and operates as a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) [18, 37]. It is well known that ANG II via activation of the AT1R promotes detrimental effects on the host, such as, vasoconstriction, reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation and matrix remodelling [38]. ACE2 counterbalances the noxious effects exhibited by ANG II and AT1R via activation of AT2R which arrests cell growth, inflammation and fibrosis [39]. In this framework, Gurwitz [40] proposed to use AT1R blockers, such as losartan, as a potential treatment of COVID-19 infection. In fact, losartan as well as olmesartan, used for treating hypertension in patients, were able to increase ACE2 expression after 28 days treatment of rats with myocardial infarction [41]. Then, Gurwitz suggests to evaluate severity of symptoms in COVID-19 infected patients under previous chronic treatment with AT1R blockers in comparison to COVID-19 infected patients who did not take AT1R blockers [40]. Quite interestingly, 75% of aged COVID-19 infected patients admitted to Italian hospitals had hypertension [unpublished data]. However, the putative effects of ACE-2 down-regulation on the cardiovascular system in the course of COVID-19 pandemic need more intensive studies. Taken together, these evidences suggest that CoV-induced down-regulation of ACE2 activates RAS with collateral damage to organs, such as lungs, in the course of SARS-related pneumonia. Then, putative therapeutic measures aimed at increasing ACE2 levels on respiratory epithelial cells should be taken into serious consideration. Quite interestingly, over the past few years, three key papers have demonstrated the ability of a polyphenol, resveratrol (RES), to experimentally deactivate the RAS system in maternal and post-weaning high fat diet, arterial ageing and high fat diet, respectively [42-44]. In all these experimental models, RES led to an increase of ACE2 with reduction of organ damage, such as liver steatosis and aorta media thickness and decrease of adipose tissue mass, respectively. As far as the mechanism of action of RES is concerned, this polyphenol is able to activate sirtuin (Sirt)1 [45-47]. In turn, Sirt1 down-regulates AT1R expression via ACE2 up-regulation [43, 48]. Of importance, Lin and associates [48] have demonstrated the ability of RES to in vitro inhibit MERS-CoV infection of Vero E6 cells, thus, prolonging cell survival in virtue of an anti-apoptotic mechanism. These findings suggest a direct antiviral effect exerted by RES. It would be very interestingly to evaluate the direct effects of RES on COVID-19, in vitro. The data above discussed strongly suggest, that RES, as an activators of ACE2, should be investigated in animal models of CoV-induced severe pneumonia, also taking into account the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects exerted by polyphenols [49]. Then, successful animal studies may pave the way for RES-based human trials in COVID-infected patients. Note added in proof During the reviewing process of this perspective other related papers have been published. Hanff and associates [50] have discussed the possible association between COVID-19-associated cardiovascular mortality and dysregulation of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS). From a pharmacologic point of view, RAS inhibition leads to upregulation of ACE2, thus, attenuating acute respiratory syndrome and myocarditis in COVID-19-infected patients. Conversely, increase in ACE2 expression may facilitate the access into the host of COVID-19, thus, aggravating the clinical picture. Such a dilemma would be solved by clinical trials based on RAS blockade or initiation and monitoring related effects. Contemporarily, Danser and associates [51] claim that there is no evidence to stop RAS blockers in the course of COVID-19 infection. In fact, there are no available data which support that ACE inhibitors or ANG II type I receptor blockers increase COVID-19 infection via its binding to ACE2. Finally, Kuster and associates [52] write that there are no data on the strict relationship between ACE2 activity and SARS-CoV2 mortality. Moreover, in the SARSCoV2, cells expressing ACE2 were not attacked by the virus, while cells lacking ACE2 were bound by the SARS-CoV2 virus [53]. These findings suggest that also in the case of RES effects on COVID-19 infection, the dual role of ACE2 should be taken into serious consideration."}, {"pmid": 32424906, "title": "Optimizing Medication Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Implementation Guide for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Brandt, Nicole", "Steinman, Michael A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424906", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360337, "pmcid": "PMC7194681", "title": "Factors Associated with Preventive Behaviours of COVID-19 among Hospital Staff in Iran in 2020: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Barati, Majid", "Bashirian, Saeed", "Jenabi, Ensiyeh", "Khazaei, Salman", "Karimi-Shahanjarini, Akram", "Zareian, Sepideh", "Rezapur-Shahkolai, Forouzan", "Moeini, Babak"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360337", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study was conducted for predicting preventive behaviours of healthcare workers (HCW) towards Covid-19 based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on 761 HCW in Hamadan, Iran, using multi-stage random sampling. The preventive behaviours against COVID-19 among HCW were assessed at a relatively desirable level. Based on the PMT, threat and coping appraisal were predictors of protection motivation to conduct COVID-19 preventive behaviours (P<0.001). The intention was also predictive of COVID-19 preventive behaviours (P<0.001). Consideration of personnel's self-efficacy and their knowledge regarding the effectiveness of protective behaviours in designing staff training programs are recommended."}, {"pmid": 32233876, "title": "The Role of Emergency Radiology in COVID-19: From Preparedness to Diagnosis.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Nasir, Muhammad Umer", "Roberts, James", "Muller, Nestor L", "Macri, Francesco", "Mohammed, Mohammed F", "Akhlaghpoor, Shahram", "Parker, William", "Eftekhari, Arash", "Rezaei, Susan", "Mayo, John", "Nicolaou, Savvas"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233876", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergency trauma radiology, although a relatively new subspecialty of radiology, plays a critical role in both the diagnosis/triage of acutely ill patients, but even more important in providing leadership and taking the lead in the preparedness of imaging departments in dealing with novel highly infectious communicable diseases and mass casualties. This has become even more apparent in dealing with COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, first emerged in late 2019. We review the symptoms, epidemiology, and testing for this disease. We discuss characteristic imaging findings of COVID-19 in relation to other modern coronavirus diseases including SARS and MERS. We discuss roles that community radiology clinics, outpatient radiology departments, and emergency radiology departments can play in the diagnosis of this disease. We review practical methods to reduce spread of infections within radiology departments."}, {"pmid": 32275181, "title": "Duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding during COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Qian, Guo-Qing", "Chen, Xue-Qin", "Lv, Ding-Feng", "Ma, Ada Hoi Yan", "Wang, Li-Ping", "Yang, Nai-Bin", "Chen, Xiao-Min"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275181", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279318, "pmcid": "PMC7262051", "title": "Should Institutions Disclose the Names of Employees with Covid-19?", "journal": "Hastings Cent Rep", "authors": ["Sulmasy, Daniel P", "Veatch, Robert M"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279318", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prestigious University is a large, private educational institution with a medical school, a university hospital, a law school, and graduate and undergraduate colleges all on a single campus. In the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, students were told during spring break to return to campus only briefly to retrieve their belongings. Classes then went online. On March 23, 2020, the faculty, students, and staff were emailed the following by the university's director of infection control and public health: We have become aware that a Prestigious University staff member has tested positive for the virus that causes Covid-19. The individual, who was last on campus on March 16, is now in isolation at their permanent residence and is doing well clinically. The university has already identified those members of our community who may have been in close contact with this individual, and we are working to notify them. Further, this individual's local health department has a protocol for identifying people who have been in direct contact with anyone testing positive for Covid-19 (such as this Prestigious University staff member) so that they can self-quarantine and watch for COVID-19 symptoms for a period of 14 days from their last contact with the infected individual. A professor in the Philosophy Department has asked the ethicists at the medical school whether such contact tracing suffices. \"Don't the members of the community deserve to know who this is? Isn't there a mandate to identify this person in order to maximize public health benefits and slow the spread of this deadly virus?\""}, {"pmid": 32467332, "title": "Moving academic research forward during COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Wigginton, N S", "Cunningham, R M", "Katz, R H", "Lidstrom, M E", "Moler, K A", "Wirtz, D", "Zuber, M T"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467332", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317409, "title": "Detection of coronaviruses in Pteropus & Rousettus species of bats from different States of India.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Yadav, Pragya D", "Shete-Aich, Anita", "Nyayanit, Dimpal A", "Pardeshi, Prachi", "Majumdar, Triparna", "Balasubramanian, R", "Ullas, Padinjaremattathil Thankappan", "Mohandas, Sreelekshmy", "Dighe, Hitesh", "Sawant, Pradeep", "Patil, Savita", "Patil, Dilip", "Gokhale, M D", "Mathapati, Basavaraj", "Sudeep, A B", "Baradkar, Sreekant", "Kumar, Abhimanyu", "Kharde, Rutuja", "Salve, Malvika", "Joshi, Yash", "Gupta, Nivedita", "Mourya, Devendra T"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317409", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Bats are considered to be the natural reservoir for many viruses, of which some are potential human pathogens. In India, an association of Pteropus medius bats with the Nipah virus was reported in the past. It is suspected that the recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also has its association with bats. To assess the presence of CoVs in bats, we performed identification and characterization of bat CoV (BtCoV) in P. medius and Rousettus species from representative States in India, collected during 2018 and 2019. Representative rectal swab (RS) and throat swab specimens of Pteropus and Rousettus spp. bats were screened for CoVs using a pan-CoV reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. A single-step RT-PCR was performed on the RNA extracted from the bat specimens. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on a few representative bat specimens that were tested positive. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the partial sequences of RdRp gene sequences retrieved from both the bat species and complete viral genomes recovered from Rousettus spp. Bat samples from the seven States were screened, and the RS specimens of eight Rousettus spp. and 21 Pteropus spp. were found positive for CoV RdRp gene. Among these, by Sanger sequencing, partial RdRp sequences could be retrieved from three Rousettus and eight Pteropus bat specimens. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial RdRp region demonstrated distinct subclustering of the BtCoV sequences retrieved from these Rousettus and Pteropus spp. bats. NGS led to the recovery of four sequences covering approximately 94.3 per cent of the whole genome of the BtCoVs from Rousettus bats. Three BtCoV sequences had 93.69 per cent identity to CoV BtRt-BetaCoV/GX2018. The fourth BtCoV sequence was 96.8 per cent identical to BtCoV HKU9-1. This study was a step towards understanding the CoV circulation in Indian bats. Detection of potentially pathogenic CoVs in Indian bats stresses the need for enhanced screening for novel viruses in them. One Health approach with collaborative activities by the animal health and human health sectors in these surveillance activities shall be of use to public health. This would help in the development of diagnostic assays for novel viruses with outbreak potential and be useful in disease interventions. Proactive surveillance remains crucial for identifying the emerging novel viruses with epidemic potential and measures for risk mitigation."}, {"pmid": 32434818, "title": "Comorbidities and rheumatological diseases at the time of COVID-19. Response to: 'Rheumatic diseases in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19' by Moiseev et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434818", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237998, "title": "An assessment of United States dermatology practices during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Muddasani, Suraj", "Housholder, Anne", "Fleischer, Alan B"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237998", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives: The COVID-19 outbreak is a serious threat to public health and social distancing on the part of individuals can help contain the epidemic. It is unknown if dermatologists are assisting with the public health officials' recommendations for social distancing by closing their practice or limiting their practice to the treatment of emergency conditions. This study examines the activity level of dermatology practices during the United States COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: We performed scripted phone calls to 60 dermatology practices in six different counties in the United Stated during the COVID-19 outbreak. We assessed if practices are open and if they are serving patients with urgent and non-urgent conditions.Results: Of the 60 dermatologists selected for the study, 55 were successfully contacted (92% contact rate). Of these practices, 29 (53%) were open, 17 (31%) were only seeing urgent patients and 9 (16%) were closed. New York, New York had 2 (20%) open offices which was the lowest proportion of any county (p = .04). Counties with higher prevalence had fewer open offices (p < .01, R2 = .7).Conclusions: Many practices have restricted their level of operation especially in higher areas of COVID-19 prevalence, likely to help facilitate social distancing."}, {"pmid": 32204987, "pmcid": "PMC7156150", "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Spectrum of CT Findings and Temporal Progression of the Disease.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Mingzhi", "Lei, Pinggui", "Zeng, Bingliang", "Li, Zongliang", "Yu, Peng", "Fan, Bing", "Wang, Chuanhong", "Li, Zicong", "Zhou, Jian", "Hu, Shaobo", "Liu, Hao"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204987", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease is an emerging infection caused by a novel coronavirus that is moving rapidly. High resolution computed tomography (CT) allows objective evaluation of the lung lesions, thus enabling us to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease. With serial CT examinations, the occurrence, development, and prognosis of the disease can be better understood. The imaging can be sorted into four phases: early phase, progressive phase, severe phase, and dissipative phase. The CT appearance of each phase and temporal progression of the imaging findings are demonstrated."}, {"pmid": 32383254, "pmcid": "PMC7267461", "title": "Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies using a CPE-based colorimetric live virus micro-neutralization assay in human serum samples.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Manenti, Alessandro", "Maggetti, Marta", "Casa, Elisa", "Martinuzzi, Donata", "Torelli, Alessandro", "Trombetta, Claudia M", "Marchi, Serena", "Montomoli, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383254", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The micro-neutralization assay is a fundamental test in virology, immunology, vaccine assessment, and epidemiology studies. Since the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak at the end of December 2019 in China, it has become extremely important to have well-established and validated diagnostic and serological assays for this new emerging virus. Here, we present a micro-neutralization assay with the use of SARS-CoV-2 wild type virus with two different methods of read-out. We evaluated the performance of this assay using human serum samples taken from an Italian seroepidemiological study being performed at the University of Siena, along with the human monoclonal antibody CR3022 and some iper-immune animal serum samples against Influenza and Adenovirus strains. The same panel of human samples have been previously tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a pre-screening. Positive, borderline, and negative ELISA samples were evaluated in neutralization assay using two different methods of read-out: subjective (by means of an inverted optical microscope) and objective (by means of a spectrophotometer). Our findings suggest that at least 50% of positive ELISA samples are positive in neutralization as well, and that method is able to quantify different antibody concentrations in a specific manner. Taken together, our results confirm that the colorimetric cytopathic effect-based microneutralization assay could be used as a valid clinical test method for epidemiological and vaccine studies."}, {"pmid": 32268709, "title": "[Attach importance to COVID-19 infection on maternal and infant outcomes].", "journal": "Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, C", "Yang, H X"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268709", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276673, "title": "Pediatric Dentistry During and After COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Dent", "authors": ["Casamassimo, Paul S", "Townsend, Janice A", "Litch, C Scott"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276673", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32191676, "title": "Natural small molecules as inhibitors of coronavirus lipid-dependent attachment to host cells: a possible strategy for reducing SARS-COV-2 infectivity?", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Baglivo, Mirko", "Baronio, Manuela", "Natalini, Giuseppe", "Beccari, Tommaso", "Chiurazzi, Pietro", "Fulcheri, Ezio", "Petralia, Paolo Pietro", "Michelini, Sandro", "Fiorentini, Giovanni", "Miggiano, Giacinto Abele", "Morresi, Assunta", "Tonini, Gerolamo", "Bertelli, Matteo"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191676", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viral infectivity depends on interactions between components of the host cell plasma membrane and the virus envelope. Here we review strategies that could help stem the advance of the SARS-COV-2 epidemic. We focus on the role of lipid structures, such as lipid rafts and cholesterol, involved in the process, mediated by endocytosis, by which viruses attach to and infect cells. Previous studies have shown that many naturally derived substances, such as cyclodextrin and sterols, could reduce the infectivity of many types of viruses, including the coronavirus family, through interference with lipid-dependent attachment to human host cells. Certain molecules prove able to reduce the infectivity of some coronaviruses, possibly by inhibiting viral lipid-dependent attachment to host cells. More research into these molecules and methods would be worthwhile as it could provide insights the mechanism of transmission of SARS-COV-2 and, into how they could become a basis for new antiviral strategies."}, {"pmid": 32321222, "title": "COVID-19 a mild disease in children.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Devulapalli, Chandra Sekhar"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321222", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412815, "title": "COVID 19: Designing and conducting an online mini-multiple interview (MMI) in a dynamic landscape.", "journal": "Med Teach", "authors": ["Cleland, Jennifer", "Chu, Jowe", "Lim, Samuel", "Low, Jamie", "Low-Beer, Naomi", "Kwek, Tong Kiat"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412815", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic presented numerous, significant challenges for medical schools, including how to select the best candidates from a pool of applicants when social distancing and other measures prevented \"business as usual\" admissions processes. However, selection into medical school is the gateway to medicine in many countries, and it is critical to use processes which are evidence-based, valid and reliable even under challenging circumstances. Our challenge was to plan and conduct a multiple-mini interview (MMI) in a dynamic and stringent safe distancing context.Methods: This paper reports a case study of how to plan, re-plan and conduct MMIs in an environment where substantially tighter safe distancing measures were introduced just before the MMI was due to be delivered.Results: We report on how to design and implement a fully remote, online MMI which ensured the safety of candidates and assessors.Discussion: We discuss the challenges of this approach and also reflect on broader issues associated with selection into medical school during a pandemic. The aim of the paper is to provide broadly generalizable guidance to other medical schools faced with the challenge of selecting future students under difficult conditions."}, {"pmid": 32513249, "title": "Prehospital pulse oximetry: a red flag for early detection of silent hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Jouffroy, Romain", "Jost, Daniel", "Prunet, Bertrand"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513249", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440019, "title": "Science superpowers after COVID-19 lockdowns lift: a letter of hope from China to the United States.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Zhou, Xiao-Nong"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440019", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["NONE", "General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514856, "title": "Correction to: New clinical manifestation of COVID-19 related Guillain-Barre syndrome highly responsive to intravenous immunoglobulins: two Italian cases.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Assini, Andrea", "Benedetti, Luana", "Di Maio, Silvia", "Schirinzi, Erika", "Del Sette, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514856", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The above article was published online with inverted given and family names. The correct presentation has been corrected above."}, {"pmid": 32150360, "title": "Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19)", "journal": "StatPearls", "authors": ["Cascella, Marco", "Rajnik, Michael", "Cuomo, Arturo", "Dulebohn, Scott C.", "Di Napoli, Raffaela"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:01:00Z", "_id": "32150360", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32427650, "title": "Generalizability of Deep Learning Tuberculosis Classifier to COVID-19 Chest Radiographs: New Tricks for an Old Algorithm?", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Yi, Paul H", "Kim, Tae Kyung", "Lin, Cheng Ting"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427650", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506419, "title": "Decrease in surgical activity in the COVID-19 pandemic: an economic crisis.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Farid, Y", "Schettino, M", "Kapila, A K", "Hamdi, M", "Cuylits, N", "Wauthy, P", "Ortiz, S"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506419", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493597, "pmcid": "PMC7200328", "title": "Stroke as a complication and prognostic factor of COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Trejo-Gabriel-Galan, J M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493597", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Contradictory data have been reported on the incidence of stroke in patients with COVID-19 and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with history of stroke. This study systematically reviews case series reporting stroke as a complication of COVID-19, and analyses the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 and history of stroke. The pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke in patients with COVID-19 are also reviewed. History of stroke increases the risk of death due to COVID-19 by 3 times. Stroke currently seems not to be one of the main complications of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32035538, "pmcid": "PMC7133577", "title": "What next for the coronavirus response?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Zarocostas, John"], "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035538", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293940, "pmcid": "PMC7193776", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on a Pan-Asian Academic Oncology Clinical Trial.", "journal": "JCO Glob Oncol", "authors": ["Segelov, Eva", "Prenen, Hans", "Day, Daphne", "Macintyre, C Raina", "Foo, Estelle Mei Jye", "Ali, Raghib", "Wang, Quanyi", "Wei, Xiaoting", "Lopes, Gilberto de Lima Jr", "Ding, Kefeng", "Chen, Gong", "Chia, John Whay Kuang", "Toh, Han Chong"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293940", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324531, "title": "The Practice of Wearing Surgical Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chiang, Cho-Han", "Chiang, Cho-Hung", "Chiang, Cho-Hsien", "Chen, Yee-Chun"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277757, "pmcid": "PMC7184454", "title": "Letter: Strategies for Prevention and Control of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection Among Medical Staff.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Wang, Xuan", "Wang, Min-Jie", "Jiang, Xiao-Bing", "Wang, Hai-Jun", "Zhao, Hong-Yang"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476305, "pmcid": "PMC7261698", "title": "The Burden of Disease due to COVID-19 in Korea Using Disability-Adjusted Life Years.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Jo, Min Woo", "Go, Dun Sol", "Kim, Rhieun", "Lee, Seung Won", "Ock, Minsu", "Kim, Young Eun", "Oh, In Hwan", "Yoon, Seok Jun", "Park, Hyesook"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476305", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently experiencing a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In Korea, as in other countries, the number of confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 have been rising. This study aimed to calculate the burden of disease due to COVID-19 in Korea. We used data on confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 between January 20 and April 24, 2020 provided by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the local governments and the public media to determine disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by sex and age. Morbidity was estimated directly among the confirmed, cured, and fatal cases. Disability weights were adopted from previous similar causes on the severity of COVID-19 for the years of life lived with disability (YLDs). The years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated using the standard life expectancy from the 2018 life tables for each sex and age. The YLDs were higher in females (155.2) than in males (105.1), but the YLLs were higher in males (1,274.3) than in females (996.4). The total disease burden attributable to COVID-19 in Korea during the study period, was estimated to be 2,531.0 DALYs, and 4.930 DALYs per 100,000 population. The YLDs and the YLLs constituted 10.3% and 89.7% of the total DALYs, respectively. The DALYs per 100,000 population were highest in people aged \u2265 80 years, followed by those aged 70-79, 60-69, and 50-59 years, but the incidence was the highest in individuals aged 20-29 years. This study provided the estimates of DALYs due to COVID-19 in Korea. Most of the disease burden from COVID-19 was derived from YLL; this indicates that decision-makers should focus and make an effort on reducing fatality for preparing the second wave of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32271745, "pmcid": "PMC7256907", "title": "Surgical management of head and neck tumours during the SARS-CoV (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital", "authors": ["Ansarin, Mohssen"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271745", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460766, "pmcid": "PMC7251554", "title": "Is Nigeria prepared and ready to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in its conflict-affected northeastern states?", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Tijjani, Salman Jidda", "Ma, Le"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Northeastern Nigeria has over the decade suffered from the Boko Haram insurgency and is still in the process of recovery from the complex humanitarian crisis that has displaced and subjected millions of vulnerable children, women and elderly population to poverty, disease outbreaks, hunger and malnutrition. Yet, the conflict-affected states in Northeastern Nigeria is not far away from being the worse-hit by the COVID-19 pandemic if urgent public health preventive measures are not taken to contain the spread of the deadly and highly infectious virus. The question arises, \"what is Nigeria doing to tackle the burden of a COVID-19 spread and an ongoing humanitarian crisis?"}, {"pmid": 32476080, "pmcid": "PMC7261349", "title": "The association between treatment with heparin and survival in patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Ayerbe, Luis", "Risco, Carlos", "Ayis, Salma"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476080", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study investigates the association between the treatment with heparin and mortality in patients admitted with Covid-19. Routinely recorded, clinical data, up to the 24th of April 2020, from the 2075 patients with Covid-19, admitted in 17 hospitals in Spain between the 1st of March and the 20th of April 2020 were used. The following variables were extracted for this study: age, gender, temperature, and saturation of oxygen on admission, treatment with heparin, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, steroids, tocilizumab, a combination of lopinavir with ritonavir, and oseltamivir, together with data on mortality. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations. At the time of collecting the data, 301 patients had died, 1447 had been discharged home from the hospitals, 201 were still admitted, and 126 had been transferred to hospitals not included in the study. Median follow up time was 8 (IQR 5-12) days. Heparin had been used in 1734 patients. Heparin was associated with lower mortality when the model was adjusted for age and gender, with OR (95% CI) 0.55 (0.37-0.82) p\u2009=\u20090.003. This association remained significant when saturation of oxygen\u2009<\u200990%, and temperature\u2009>\u200937 \u00b0C were added to de model with OR 0.54 (0.36-0.82) p\u2009=\u20090.003, and also when all the other drugs were included as covariates OR 0.42 (0.26-0.66) p\u2009<\u20090.001. The association between heparin and lower mortality observed in this study can be acknowledged by clinicians in hospitals and in the community. Randomized controlled trials to assess the causal effects of heparin in different therapeutic regimes are required."}, {"pmid": 32437052, "title": "Increase in COVID-19 cases and case-fatality and case-recovery rates in Europe: A cross-temporal meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Karadag, Engin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437052", "countries": ["Sweden", "Netherlands", "Germany", "Austria", "China", "United Kingdom", "Russian Federation", "Belgium"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus (COVID-19) infection reported in\u00a0China in December 2019 has become a pandemic in a few weeks, affecting the entire world. In this respect, it is crucial to determine the case-increase,\u00a0case-fatality, and case-recovery rates to control COVID-19. In this study, the case-increase, case-fatality, and case-recovery rates of COVID-19 in 36 European countries were analyzed with the meta-analysis method using data released by the health organizations and WHO. The data were obtained from the website of health organizations of 36 European countries and the website of WHO until 11 May 2020. The analyses were carried out on 1\u2009744\u2009704 COVID-19-diagnosed cases in 36 European countries. The case-increase, case-fatality and case-recovery rates of COVID-19 were calculated using 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), single-arm meta-analysis, cross-temporal meta-analysis, and meta-regression random-effects model. The standardized case-increase rate of COVID-19 is 5% (95% CI [0.040, 0.063]) and the average case-increase rate in European countries has started to decline by around 3% (95% CI [0.047, 0.083]) weekly. The countries with the highest rate of case increase are Belgium, Sweden, Russia, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Although the case-fatality rate of COVID-19 patients was 4.5% as of May 11 (95% CI [0.037-0.055]), this rate is 6.3% (95% CI [0.047, 0.083]) in standardized time (6th week). The case-recovery rates of patients are 46% (95% CI [0.376-0.547]). This study presents important results regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. Although the rate of increase in new COVID-19 cases has dropped, there is not much decline in the case-fatality rates and no increase in case-recovery rates. The case-fatality rate of COVID-19 in Europe was estimated to be in the range of 4% to 4.5% and a minimum of 4 weeks (as of 11 May) is\u00a0expected to have the figure below 1% in a\u00a0country with an average case-increase rate. Monitoring case fatalities\u00a0in Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden, and treatment successes in Germany and Austria play a role of utmost importance."}, {"pmid": 32414529, "pmcid": "PMC7187819", "title": "COVID-19. The new normal for midwives, women and families.", "journal": "Midwifery", "authors": ["Walton, Gill"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414529", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247327, "pmcid": "PMC7270073", "title": "COVID-19: the current situation in Afghanistan.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Shah, Jaffer", "Karimzadeh, Sedighe", "Al-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali", "Mousavi, Sayed Hamid", "Zahid, Shafi Ullah", "Huy, Nguyen Tien"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247327", "countries": ["Afghanistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301747, "title": "Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and multiple respiratory pathogens in children.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Jiang, Shupeng", "Liu, Panpan", "Xiong, Ge", "Yang, Zhaohui", "Wang, Ming", "Li, Yan", "Yu, Xue-Jie"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301747", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451562, "title": "[The \"Plague Doctor's Mask\" in the German Museum for the History of Medicine, Ingolstadt].", "journal": "NTM", "authors": ["Ruisinger, Marion Maria"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451562", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper is part of Forum COVID-19: Perspectives in the Humanities and Social Sciences. The figure of the plague doctor with the beak mask has become the symbol of the plague par excellence. It's little wonder that the plague mask in the collection of the German Museum of the History of Medicine in Ingolstadt (Bavaria) is one of the museum's most popular objects and motifs. This forum paper investigates the figure of the plague doctor on several levels: first, it analyses contemporary textual and image sources in regard to protective clothing used in times of plague and the respective role of the beak-like part of the mask. Then it takes a\u00a0close look at the Ingolstadt specimen. By examining the mask's materiality and fabrication, questions of its authenticity and practicability are raised. Finally, the Ingolstadt mask is compared with the specimen at the German Historical Museum in Berlin.The conclusion: the beak mask is not mentioned before the mid-seventeenth century, and then only in Italy and Southern France. There is no proof at all of its use during plague outbreaks in Middle Europe. And the specimens in Ingolstadt and Berlin? Both masks present details which suggest that they were not used as protective clothing at all. We do not know, however, if they were produced as replicas for historic reasons or as fakes for the modern art market."}, {"pmid": 32165415, "title": "Covid-19: Trump cancels all flights from Europe, apart from the UK.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165415", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495231, "pmcid": "PMC7268183", "title": "COVID-19 and kidney transplantation: an Italian Survey and Consensus.", "journal": "J Nephrol", "authors": ["Vistoli, Fabio", "Furian, Lucrezia", "Maggiore, Umberto", "Caldara, Rossana", "Cantaluppi, Vincenzo", "Ferraresso, Mariano", "Zaza, Gianluigi", "Cardillo, Massimo", "Biancofiore, Giandomenico", "Menichetti, Francesco", "Russo, Alessandro", "Turillazzi, Emanuela", "Di Paolo, Marco", "Grandaliano, Giuseppe", "Boggi, Ugo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495231", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy was the first Western country to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we report the results of a national\u00a0survey on kidney transplantation activity in February and March 2020, and the results of a three-round Delphi consensus promoted by four scientific societies: the Italian Society of Organ Transplantation, the Italian Society of Nephrology, the Italian Society of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, and the Italian Group on Antimicrobial Stewardship. All 41 Italian transplant centers were invited to express their opinion in the Delphi rounds along with a group of seven experts. The survey revealed that, starting from March 2020, there was a decline in kidney transplantation activity in Italy, especially for living-related transplants. Overall, 60 recipients tested positive for SARS-CoV2 infection, 57 required hospitalization, 17\u00a0were admitted to the ICU, and 11 died. The online consensus had high response rates at each round (95.8%, 95.8%, and 89.5%, respectively). Eventually, 27 of 31 proposed statements were approved (87.1%), 12 at the first or second round (38.7%), and 3 at the third (9.7%). Based on the Italian experience, we discuss the reasons for the changes in kidney transplantation activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Western countries. We also provide working recommendations for the organization and management of kidney transplantation under these conditions."}, {"pmid": 32530490, "title": "A Simple Method for Detection of a Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) using One-step RT-PCR followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Son, Ho Anh", "Hang, Dinh Thi Thu", "Thuan, Nghiem Duc", "Quyen, Le Thi Bao", "Thuong, Luong Thi Hoai", "Nga, Vu Thi", "Quang, Le Bach", "Hung, Trinh Thanh", "Son, Nguyen Thai", "Linh, Nguyen Tung", "Nam, Le Van", "Van Ba, Nguyen", "Tien, Tran Viet", "Quyet, Do", "Van Luong, Hoang", "Su, Hoang Xuan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530490", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus associated with acute respiratory disease (named SARS-CoV-2) is recently identified in Wuhan city, China, spread rapidly worldwide. An early identification of this novel coronavirus by molecular tools is critical for surveillance and control of the epidemic outbreak. We aimed to establish a simple method for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in differentiating with SARS-CoV. Primers of our in-house RT-PCR assays were designed to target conserved regions of the RdRP gene and E gene, selected restriction enzymes EcoRI, Tsp45I and AluI to distinguish between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. In this report, a 396 bp fragment of the RdRp gene and 345 bp fragment of the E gene were amplified by one-step RT-PCR. Enzyme Tsp45I cuts the RdRP amplified product of SARS-CoV-2 generating 3 fragments of 45, 154 and 197 bp, but it did not cut the amplicon of SARS-CoV. In contrast, the amplified product of SARS-CoV was digested with EcoRI producing 2 fragments of 76 and 320 bp, whereas, the amplicon of SARS-CoV-2 was undigested by Tsp45I help to distinguish clearly SARS-CoV-2 from SARS-CoV on gel electrophoresis. In addition, AluI cut the amplicon of the E gene of SARS-CoV-2 generating 2 fragments of 248 and 97 bp without cutting to SARS-CoV. Accuracy of assay was confirmed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. When evaluated on clinical samples showed a high sensitivity of 95%, specificity of our assay was 100% and clinical performance for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with other reference assays. In conclusion, the present study, we successfully developed a simple method for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in differentiating with SARS-CoV. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32366503, "title": "Covid-19: NHS bosses told to assess risk to ethnic minority staff who may be at greater risk.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366503", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303725, "pmcid": "PMC7186931", "title": "Coronavirus jolts labs to warp speed.", "journal": "Nat Methods", "authors": ["Marx, Vivien"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303725", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459571, "title": "Unmet healthcare needs among migrants without medical insurance in Montreal, Canada.", "journal": "Glob Public Health", "authors": ["Ridde, Valery", "Aho, Josephine", "Ndao, Elhadji Malick", "Benoit, Magalie", "Hanley, Jill", "Lagrange, Solene", "Fillol, Amandine", "Raynault, Marie-France", "Cloos, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459571", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While access to healthcare for permanent residents in Canada is well known, this is not the case for migrants without healthcare coverage. This is the first large-scale study that examines the unmet healthcare needs of migrants without healthcare coverage in Montreal. 806 participants were recruited: 436 in the community and 370 at the NGO clinic. Proportions of individuals reporting unmet healthcare needs were similar (68.4% vs. 69.8%). The main reason invoked for these unmet needs was lacking money (80.6%). Situations of not working or studying, not having had enough food in the past 12 months, not having a medical prescription to get medication and having had a workplace injury were all significantly associated with higher odds of having unmet healthcare needs. Unmet healthcare needs were more frequent among migrants without healthcare coverage than among recent immigrants or the citizens with health healthcare coverage (69%, 26%, 16%). Canada must take measures to enable these individuals to have access to healthcare according to their needs in order to reduce the risk of worsening their health status, something that may have an impact on the healthcare system and population health. The Government of Quebec announced that all individuals without any healthcare coverage will have access to COVID-19 related health care. We hope that this right, the application of which is not yet obvious, can continue after the pandemic for all health care."}, {"pmid": 32220863, "title": "Covid-19: medical students and FY1 doctors to be given early registration to help combat covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Harvey, Anna"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220863", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425636, "pmcid": "PMC7231495", "title": "Factors associated with duration of viral shedding in adults with COVID-19 outside of Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qi, Lin", "Yang, Yong", "Jiang, Dixuan", "Tu, Chao", "Wan, Lu", "Chen, Xiangyu", "Li, Zhihong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425636", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate factors associated with the duration of viral shedding in patients with COVID-19 outside of Wuhan. In this retrospective cohort study, patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Changsha, China were included. Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome were retrieved. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to explore potential factors. Totally 147 patients with COVID-19 were included. The median duration of viral shedding (the number of days from symptoms onset till the successive negative detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA) was 17 days (interquartile range [IQR], 12 to 21). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis indicated that the highest temperature at admission (odds ratio [OR], 5.200; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.190-22.726; p\u2009=\u20090.028) and time from symptom onset to admission (OR, 1.740; 95% CI: 1.296-2.337; p\u2009<\u20090.001) and hospital length of stay (OR, 1.604; 95% CI: 1.262-2.040; p\u2009<\u20090.001) were risk factors for prolonged duration of viral shedding. This is the study with relatively large sample size that mainly focused on the duration of viral shedding and relevant factors in patients with COVID-19 outside of Wuhan, China. Potential risk factors were identified and should be taken into consideration for the strategy of quarantine of infected patients."}, {"pmid": 32315723, "pmcid": "PMC7166041", "title": "Current epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19; a global perspective from China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Tu, Huilan", "Tu, Sheng", "Gao, Shiqi", "Shao, Anwen", "Sheng, Jifang"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315723", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and represents a potentially fatal disease of great global public health importance. As of March 26, 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in 462,801 confirmed cases and 20,839 deaths globally, which is more than those caused by SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2003 and 2013, respectively. The epidemic has posed considerable challenges worldwide. Under a strict mechanism of massive prevention and control, China has seen a rapid decrease in new cases of coronavirus; however, the global situation remains serious. Additionally, the origin of COVID-19 has not been determined and no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine is currently available. Based on the published data, this review systematically discusses the etiology, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and current intervention measures related to COVID-19 in the hope that it may provide a reference for future studies and aid in the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32269020, "pmcid": "PMC7234264", "title": "Projecting demand for critical care beds during COVID-19 outbreaks in Canada.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Shoukat, Affan", "Wells, Chad R", "Langley, Joanne M", "Singer, Burton H", "Galvani, Alison P"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269020", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasing numbers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Canada may create substantial demand for hospital admission and critical care. We evaluated the extent to which self-isolation of mildly ill people delays the peak of outbreaks and reduces the need for this care in each Canadian province. We developed a computational model and simulated scenarios for COVID-19 outbreaks within each province. Using estimates of COVID-19 characteristics, we projected the hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) bed requirements without self-isolation, assuming an average number of 2.5 secondary cases, and compared scenarios in which different proportions of mildly ill people practised self-isolation 24 hours after symptom onset. Without self-isolation, the peak of outbreaks would occur in the first half of June, and an average of 569 ICU bed days per 10 000 population would be needed. When 20% of cases practised self-isolation, the peak was delayed by 2-4 weeks, and ICU bed requirement was reduced by 23.5% compared with no self-isolation. Increasing self-isolation to 40% reduced ICU use by 53.6% and delayed the peak of infection by an additional 2-4 weeks. Assuming current ICU bed occupancy rates above 80% and self-isolation of 40%, demand would still exceed available (unoccupied) ICU bed capacity. At the peak of COVID-19 outbreaks, the need for ICU beds will exceed the total number of ICU beds even with self-isolation at 40%. Our results show the coming challenge for the health care system in Canada and the potential role of self-isolation in reducing demand for hospital-based and ICU care."}, {"pmid": 32341722, "pmcid": "PMC7184013", "title": "[What do surgeons need to know about the digestive disorders and paraclinical abnormalities induced by COVID-19?]", "authors": ["Gornet, Jean-Marc", "My, Linh Tran Minh", "Leleu, Florian", "Hassid, Deborah"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341722", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The symptoms associated with COVID-19 are mainly characterized by a triad composed of fever, dry cough and dyspnea. However, digestive symptoms have also been reported; at first considered as infrequent, they in fact seem to affect (to some extent) more than half of patients. The symptoms are mainly manifested by anorexia, diarrhea, nausea and/or vomiting and abdominal pain. Even though prognosis is associated with lung injury, digestive symptoms seem significantly more frequent in patients presenting with severe COVID-19 infection. Digestive forms, which may be isolated or which can precede pulmonary symptoms, have indeed been reported, with diarrhea as a leading clinical sign. The main biological abnormalities that can suggest COVID-19 infection at an early stage are lymphopenia, elevated CRP and heightened ASAT transaminases. Thoraco-abdominal scan seems useful as a means of on the one hand ruling out digestive pathology not connected with coronavirus and on the other hand searching for pulmonary images compatible with COVID-19 infection. No data exist on the interest of digestive endoscopy in cases of persistent digestive symptoms. Moreover, the endoscopic surgeons may themselves be at significant risk of contamination. Fecal-oral transmission of the infection is possible, especially insofar as viral shedding in stools seems frequent and of longer duration than at the ENT level, including in patients with negative throat swab and without digestive symptoms. In some doubtful cases, virologic assessment of stool samples can yield definitive diagnosis. In the event of prolonged viral shedding in stools, a patient's persistent contagiousness is conceivable but not conclusively established. Upcoming serology should enable identification of the patients having been infected by the COVID-19 epidemic, particularly among previously undetected pauci-symptomatic members of a health care staff. Resumption of medico-surgical activity should be the object of a dedicated strategy preceding deconfinement."}, {"pmid": 32452979, "pmcid": "PMC7268863", "title": "Pediatric Crohn's Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and COVID-19 Treated with Infliximab.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Dolinger, Michael T", "Person, Hannibal", "Smith, Rachel", "Jarchin, Lauren", "Pittman, Nanci", "Dubinsky, Marla C", "Lai, Joanne"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452979", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may lead to a severe inflammatory response referred to as a cytokine storm. We describe a case of severe COVID-19 infection in a recently diagnosed pediatric Crohn's disease patient successfully treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) blockade. The patient presented with five days of fever, an erythematous maculopapular facial rash, and abdominal pain without respiratory symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 PCR was positive. Despite inpatient treatment for COVID-19 and a perianal abscess, the patient acutely decompensated, with worsening fever, tachycardia, fluid-refractory hypotension, elevation of liver enzymes, and transformation of the rash into purpura extending from the face to the trunk, upper and lower extremities, including the palmar and plantar surfaces of the hands and feet. Cytokine profile revealed rising levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and TNF-\u03b1, higher than those described in either inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or severe COVID-19 alone. The patient was treated with infliximab for TNF-\u03b1 blockade to address both moderately to severely active Crohn's disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) temporally related to COVID-19. Within hours of infliximab treatment, fever, tachycardia and hypotension resolved. Cytokine profile improved with normalization of TNF-\u03b1, a decrease in IL-6, and IL-8 concentrations. This case supports a role for blockade of TNF-\u03b1 in the treatment of COVID-19 inflammatory cascade. The role of anti-TNF agents in patients with MIS-C temporally related to COVID-19 requires further investigation."}, {"pmid": 32360303, "pmcid": "PMC7187855", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: the long and difficult way back to work.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Salomao, Bruno Chaves", "Maluf-Filho, Fauze"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456720, "title": "COVID-19 infections among HCWs exposed to a patient with a delayed diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Baker, Meghan A", "Rhee, Chanu", "Fiumara, Karen", "Bennett-Rizzo, Carin", "Tucker, Robert", "Williams, Sarah A", "Wickner, Paige", "Beloff, Jennifer", "McGrath, Casey", "Poulton, Alexa", "Klompas, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456720", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report on COVID-19 risk among HCWs exposed to a patient diagnosed with COVID-19 on day 13 of hospitalization. There were 44 HCWs exposed to the patient before contact and droplet precautions were implemented: of these, 2 of 44 (5%) developed COVID-19 potentially attributable to the exposure."}, {"pmid": 32354491, "pmcid": "PMC7166012", "title": "Abdominal Wall Surgery After SARS-CoV-2: Time to Reestablish Postponed Non-essential Procedures?", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Lopez Cano, Manuel", "Saludes Serra, Judit", "Rossello-Jimenez, Daniel", "Pereira, Jose Antonio", "Rodrigues Goncalves, Victor", "Garcia Alamino, Josep M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354491", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pandemic by the COVID-19 has found us unprotected to provide an adequate and rapid sanitary response. The hospital network of our public health system has provided most of the resources for the treatment of patients affected by the infection. Non-essential (non-priority) surgeries have been postponed. The optimal and proportionate reestablishment of these non-priority surgeries can be a problem. This article offers a technical and non-technical view of reestablishment non-priority surgeries from the perspective of abdominal wall surgery."}, {"pmid": 32432466, "pmcid": "PMC7241733", "title": "Proposed Intranasal Route for Drug Administration in the Management of Central Nervous System Manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah", "Khan, Naveed Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432466", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is mounting evidence of the central nervous system manifestations associated with COVID-19, particularly in severe cases. Up to 25% of COVID-19 cases exhibit neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19. In view of the devastating nature of the disease due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, here we debate intranasal drug delivery, in addition to intravenous delivery, as a therapeutic strategy in the management of COVID-19 cases with central nervous system involvement."}, {"pmid": 32383189, "pmcid": "PMC7267426", "title": "Re: Chilblain-like lesions on feet and hands during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["El-Azhary, Rokea"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383189", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333972, "pmcid": "PMC7177108", "title": "Letter to the editor in response to the article \"COVID-19 and diabetes: Can DPP4 inhibition play a role?\"", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Kokic Males, Visnja"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333972", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389782, "pmcid": "PMC7205641", "title": "Acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Ng, Jun Jie", "Luo, Yang", "Phua, Kaiyi", "Choong, Andrew M T L"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389782", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379114, "pmcid": "PMC7219849", "title": "Characteristics and Early Prognosis of COVID-19 Infection in Fracture Patients.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Mi, Bobin", "Chen, Lang", "Xiong, Yuan", "Xue, Hang", "Zhou, Wu", "Liu, Guohui"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379114", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Studies of the novel coronavirus-induced disease COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, have elucidated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of this disease in the general population. The present investigation summarizes the clinical characteristics and early prognosis of COVID-19 infection in a cohort of patients with fractures. Data on 10 patients with a fracture and COVID-19 were collected from 8 different hospitals located in the Hubei province from January 1, 2020, to February 27, 2020. Analyses of early prognosis were based on clinical outcomes and trends in laboratory results during treatment. All 10 patients presented with limited activity related to the fracture. The most common signs were fever, cough, and fatigue at the time of presentation (7 patients each). Other, less common signs included sore throat (4 patients), dyspnea (5 patients), chest pain (1 patient), nasal congestion (1 patient), headache (1 patient), dizziness (3 patients), abdominal pain (1 patient), and vomiting (1 patient). Lymphopenia (<1.0 \u00d7 10 cells/L) was identified in 6 of 10 patients, 9 of 9 patients had a high serum level of D-dimer, and 9 of 9 patients had a high level of C-reactive protein. Three patients underwent surgery, whereas the others were managed nonoperatively because of their compromised status. Four patients died on day 8 (3 patients) or day 14 (1 patient) after admission. The clinical outcomes for the surviving patients are not yet determined. The clinical characteristics and early prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with fracture tended to be more severe than those reported for adult patients with COVID-19 without fracture. This finding may be related to the duration between the development of symptoms and presentation. Surgical treatment should be carried out cautiously or nonoperative care should be chosen for patients with fracture in COVID-19-affected areas, especially older individuals with intertrochanteric fractures. Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32395000, "pmcid": "PMC7211633", "title": "[Cardio-onco-hamatology patients' management in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Lorca, Rebeca", "Trivino, Reyes Lopez", "Moris, Cesar"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395000", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350060, "pmcid": "PMC7199529", "title": "Changes in contact patterns shape the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Zhang, Juanjuan", "Litvinova, Maria", "Liang, Yuxia", "Wang, Yan", "Wang, Wei", "Zhao, Shanlu", "Wu, Qianhui", "Merler, Stefano", "Viboud, Cecile", "Vespignani, Alessandro", "Ajelli, Marco", "Yu, Hongjie"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350060", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Intense non-pharmaceutical interventions were put in place in China to stop transmission of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). As transmission intensifies in other countries, the interplay between age, contact patterns, social distancing, susceptibility to infection, and COVID-19 dynamics remains unclear. To answer these questions, we analyze contact surveys data for Wuhan and Shanghai before and during the outbreak and contact tracing information from Hunan Province. Daily contacts were reduced 7-8-fold during the COVID-19 social distancing period, with most interactions restricted to the household. We find that children 0-14 years are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than adults 15-64 years of age (odds ratio 0.34, 95%CI 0.24-0.49), while in contrast, individuals over 65 years are more susceptible to infection (odds ratio 1.47, 95%CI: 1.12-1.92). Based on these data, we build a transmission model to study the impact of social distancing and school closure on transmission. We find that social distancing alone, as implemented in China during the outbreak, is sufficient to control COVID-19. While proactive school closures cannot interrupt transmission on their own, they can reduce peak incidence by 40-60% and delay the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32379757, "pmcid": "PMC7205198", "title": "COVID-19 in Latin America: Novel transmission dynamics for a global pandemic?", "journal": "PLoS Negl Trop Dis", "authors": ["Miller, Matthew J", "Loaiza, Jose R", "Takyar, Anshule", "Gilman, Robert H"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379757", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349580, "title": "Social isolation in Covid-19: The impact of loneliness.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Banerjee, Debanjan", "Rai, Mayank"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349580", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355131, "title": "Examining Inequities Associated With Changes in Obstetric and Gynecologic Care Delivery During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Onwuzurike, Chiamaka", "Meadows, Audra R", "Nour, Nawal M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355131", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a public health emergency requiring significant changes in obstetric and gynecologic health care delivery to minimize the risk of transmission to healthy patients and health care workers. Although these changes are necessary, they will differentially affect patients in a way that highlights and exacerbates existing inequities in health care access and outcomes. Socially vulnerable groups are already disproportionately affected by COVID-19 infection and more likely to experience severe morbidity and mortality. Some reasons for this include a limited ability to practice risk-reducing behaviors such as physical distancing, higher prevalence of chronic medical conditions, and less access to medical care. Additionally, the structural changes now taking place in health care delivery have negatively affected the ability of socially vulnerable groups to obtain necessary obstetric and gynecologic care, which may lead to poorer outcomes. As physician-leaders enact new policies to respond to the COVID-19 public health crisis, it is important to consider the potential for exacerbating existing health inequities and to be proactive in creating policies that promote equity."}, {"pmid": 32227123, "pmcid": "PMC7184346", "title": "Characteristics of Peripheral Lymphocyte Subset Alteration in COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Fan", "Nie, Jiayan", "Wang, Haizhou", "Zhao, Qiu", "Xiong, Yong", "Deng, Liping", "Song, Shihui", "Ma, Zhiyong", "Mo, Pingzheng", "Zhang, Yongxi"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227123", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan and has since rapidly spread throughout China. We aimed to clarify the characteristics and clinical significance of peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration in COVID-19. The levels of peripheral lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometry in 60 hospitalized COVID-19 patients before and after treatment, and their association with clinical characteristics and treatment efficacy was analyzed. Total lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells decreased in COVID-19 patients, and severe cases had a lower level than mild cases. The subsets showed a significant association with inflammatory status in COVID-19, especially CD8+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio. After treatment, 37 patients (67%) showed clinical response, with an increase in CD8+ T cells and B cells. No significant change in any subset was detected in nonresponsive cases. In multivariate analysis, posttreatment decrease in CD8+ T cells and B cells and increase in CD4+/CD8+ ratio were indicated as independent predictors of poor efficacy. Peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration was associated with clinical characteristics and treatment efficacy of COVID-19. CD8+ T cells tended to be an independent predictor for COVID-19 severity and treatment efficacy."}, {"pmid": 32405218, "pmcid": "PMC7211812", "title": "Effects of COVID-19 pandemic in the field of orthopaedics.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Haleem, Abid", "Javaid, Mohd", "Vaishya, Raju", "Vaish, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405218", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525081, "title": "Human Touch via Touchscreen: Rural nurses' experiential perspectives on telehealth use in pediatric hospice care.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Weaver, Meaghann S", "Neumann, Marie L", "Navaneethan, Hema", "Robinson, Jacob E", "Hinds, Pamela S"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525081", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Telemedicine has the potential to extend care reach and access to home-based hospice services for children. Few studies have explored nurse perspectives regarding this communication modality for rural pediatric cohorts. The objective of this qualitative study was to learn from the experiences of rural hospice nurses caring for children at the end of life using telehealth modalities to inform palliative communication. Voice-recorded qualitative interviews with rural hospice nurse telehealth users inquiring on nurse experiences with telehealth. Semantic content analysis was used. Fifteen hospice nurses representing nine rural hospice agencies were interviewed. Nurses participated in an average of eight telehealth visits in the three-months prior. Nurses were female with mean age 38 years and average 7 years hospice nursing experience. Five themes about telehealth emerged: accessible support, participant inclusion, timely communication, informed and trusted planning, and familiarity fostered. Each theme had both benefits and cautions associated as well as telehealth suggestions. Nurses recommended individualizing communication, pacing content, fostering human connection, and developing relationships even with technology use. The experiences of nurses who utilize telehealth in their care for children receiving end of life care in rural regions may enable palliative care teams to understand both the benefits and challenges of telehealth use. Nurse insights on telehealth may help palliative care teams better honor the communication needs of patients and families while striving to improve care access."}, {"pmid": 32353254, "pmcid": "PMC7185930", "title": "Management of patients with multiple myeloma during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Malard, Florent", "Mohty, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353254", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482124, "title": "A Guiding Principles Checklist for Otolaryngologic Surgery in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Valika, Taher S", "Maurrasse, Sarah E", "Thompson, Dana M"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482124", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on surgical workflows. There is an abundance of ever-changing information, and protocols are reflexively modified on a daily basis. As many otolaryngologic procedures are shown to have higher risk of viral transmission-so-called aerosol-generating procedures-it is imperative that multidisciplinary care teams be provided updated, timely, and consistent information. A single-page Guiding Principles surgical checklist was developed to discuss 7 key factors: patient information, staff wellness, risk minimization, prioritization, resource utilization, key society criteria, and communication. This was completed for every patient requiring otolaryngologic surgery and was distributed to the care teams involved. It provided the most information for those on the frontline and allowed for cogent pre-, intra-, and postoperative planning."}, {"pmid": 32531684, "pmcid": "PMC7280824", "title": "The effects of regional climatic condition on the spread of COVID-19 at global scale.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Iqbal, Muhammad Mazhar", "Abid, Irfan", "Hussain, Saddam", "Shahzad, Naeem", "Waqas, Muhammad Sohail", "Iqbal, Muhammad Jawed"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531684", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic outbreak of the novel coronavirus epidemic disease (COVID-19) is spreading like a diffusion-reaction in the world and almost 208 countries and territories are being affected around the globe. It became a sever health and socio-economic problem, while the world has no vaccine to combat this virus. This research aims to analyze the connection between the fast spread of COVID-19 and regional climate parameters over a global scale. In this research, we collected the data of COVID-19 cases from the time of 1st reported case to the 5th June 2020 in different affected countries and regional climatic parameters data from January 2020 to 5th June 2020. It was found that most of the countries located in the relatively lower temperature region show a rapid increase in the COVID-19 cases than the countries locating in the warmer climatic regions despite their better socio-economic conditions. A correlation between metrological parameters and COVID-19 cases was observed. Average daylight hours are correlated to total the COVID-19 cases with a coefficient of determination of 0.42, while average high-temperature shows a correlation of 0.59 and 0.42 with total COVID-19 cases and death cases respectively. The finding of the study will help international health organizations and local administrations to combat and well manage the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32292253, "pmcid": "PMC7148429", "title": "Maxillofacial surgery and COVID-19, The Pandemic !!", "journal": "J Maxillofac Oral Surg", "authors": ["Bali, Rishi Kumar", "Chaudhry, Kirti"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292253", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391746, "pmcid": "PMC7248595", "title": "Containment of COVID-19 cases among healthcare workers: The role of surveillance, early detection, and outbreak management.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wee, Liang En", "Sim, Xiang Ying Jean", "Conceicao, Edwin Philip", "Aung, May Kyawt", "Goh, Jia Qing", "Yeo, Dennis Wu Ting", "Gan, Wee Hoe", "Chua, Ying Ying", "Wijaya, Limin", "Tan, Thuan Tong", "Tan, Ban Hock", "Ling, Moi Lin", "Venkatachalam, Indumathi"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391746", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Staff surveillance is crucial during the containment phase of a pandemic to help reduce potential healthcare-associated transmission and sustain good staff morale. During an outbreak of SARS-COV-2 with community transmission, our institution used an integrated strategy for early detection and containment of COVID-19 cases among healthcare workers (HCWs). Our strategy comprised 3 key components: (1) enforcing reporting of HCWs with acute respiratory illness (ARI) to our institution's staff clinic for monitoring; (2) conducting ongoing syndromic surveillance to obtain early warning of potential clusters of COVID-19; and (3) outbreak investigation and management. Over a 16-week surveillance period, we detected 14 cases of COVID-19 among HCWs with ARI symptoms. Two of the cases were linked epidemiologically and thus constituted a COVID-19 cluster with intrahospital HCW-HCW transmission; we also detected 1 family cluster and 2 clusters among HCWs who shared accommodation. No transmission to HCWs or patients was detected after containment measures were instituted. Early detection minimized the number of HCWs requiring quarantine, hence preserving continuity of service during an ongoing pandemic. An integrated surveillance strategy, outbreak management, and encouraging individual responsibility were successful in early detection of clusters of COVID-19 among HCWs. With ongoing local transmission, vigilance must be maintained for intrahospital spread in nonclinical areas where social mingling of HCWs occurs. Because most individuals with COVID-19 have mild symptoms, addressing presenteeism is crucial to minimize potential staff and patient exposure."}, {"pmid": 32325095, "pmcid": "PMC7169898", "title": "New Early Warning Score: off-label approach for Covid-19 outbreak patient deterioration in the community.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Semeraro, Federico", "Scquizzato, Tommaso", "Scapigliati, Andrea", "Ristagno, Giuseppe", "Gamberini, Lorenzo", "Tartaglione, Marco", "Dell'Arciprete, Oscar", "Mora, Fabio", "Cordenons, Fiorella", "Del Giudice, Donatella", "Picoco, Cosimo", "Gordini, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325095", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32065221, "pmcid": "PMC7108526", "title": "Coronaviruses: a paradigm of new emerging zoonotic diseases.", "journal": "Pathog Dis", "authors": ["Salata, Cristiano", "Calistri, Arianna", "Parolin, Cristina", "Palu, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32065221", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel type of coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infecting humans appeared in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019. Since the identification of the outbreak the infection quickly spread involving in one month more than 31,000 confirmed cases with 638 death. Molecular analysis suggest that 2019-nCoV could be originated from bats after passaging in intermediate hosts, highlighting the high zoonotic potential of coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32411619, "pmcid": "PMC7202255", "title": "Current and Future Point-of-Care Tests for Emerging and New Respiratory Viruses and Future Perspectives.", "journal": "Front Cell Infect Microbiol", "authors": ["Nelson, Philipp P", "Rath, Barbara A", "Fragkou, Paraskevi C", "Antalis, Emmanouil", "Tsiodras, Sotirios", "Skevaki, Chrysanthi"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411619", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The availability of pathogen-specific treatment options for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) increased the need for rapid diagnostic tests. Besides, retrospective studies, improved lab-based detection methods and the intensified search for new viruses since the beginning of the twenty-first century led to the discovery of several novel respiratory viruses. Among them are human bocavirus (HBoV), human coronaviruses (HCoV-HKU1, -NL63), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), rhinovirus type C (RV-C), and human polyomaviruses (KIPyV, WUPyV). Additionally, new viruses like SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV), novel strains of influenza virus A and B, and (most recently) SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged. Although clinical presentation may be similar among different viruses, associated symptoms may range from a mild cold to a severe respiratory illness, and thus require a fast and reliable diagnosis. The increasing number of commercially available rapid point-of-care tests (POCTs) for respiratory viruses illustrates both the need for this kind of tests but also the problem, i.e., that the majority of such assays has significant limitations. In this review, we summarize recently published characteristics of POCTs and discuss their implications for the treatment of RTIs. The second key aspect of this work is a description of new and innovative diagnostic techniques, ranging from biosensors to novel portable and current lab-based nucleic acid amplification methods with the potential future use in point-of-care settings. While prototypes for some methods already exist, other ideas are still experimental, but all of them give an outlook of what can be expected as the next generation of POCTs."}, {"pmid": 32491190, "title": "Emergency abdominal surgery in COVID-19 patients: a note of caution from Wuhan.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Fu, D", "Zhang, Pei", "Wang, L", "Liu, W", "Tan, H", "Di, M", "Cai, M", "Zhang, Peng", "Tao, K", "Wang, G", "Jiang, C", "Wang, Z"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491190", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479817, "pmcid": "PMC7258813", "title": "COVID-19 data sources in Latin America and the Caribbean.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479817", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286616, "title": "Cultivating Deliberate Resilience During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Rosenberg, Abby R"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286616", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491096, "pmcid": "PMC7190095", "title": "Health belief model for coronavirus infection risk determinants.", "journal": "Rev Saude Publica", "authors": ["Costa, Marcelo Fernandes"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491096", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE To use the advantages of a ratio scale with verbal anchors in order to measure the risk perception in the novel coronavirus infection, which causes covid-19, in a health belief model-based questionnaire, as well as its validity and reproducibility. METHOD We used the health belief model, which explores four dimensions: perceived susceptibility (five questions), perceived severity (five questions), perceived benefits (five questions), and perceived barriers (five questions). Additionally, we included a fifth dimension, called pro-health motivation (four questions). The questions composed an electronic questionnaire disseminated by social networks for an one-week period. Answers were quantitative values of subjective representations, obtained by a psychophysically constructed scale with verbal anchors ratio (CentiMax \u00ae ). Mean time for total filling was 12 minutes (standard deviation = 1.6). RESULTS We obtained 277 complete responses to the form. One was excluded because it belonged to a participant under 18 years old. Reproducibility measures were significant for 22 of the 24 questions in our questionnaire (Cronbach's \u03b1 = 0.883). Convergent validity was attested by Spearman-Brown's split half reliability coefficient (r = 0.882). Significant differences among groups were more intense in perceived susceptibility and severity dimensions, and less in perceived benefits and barriers. CONCLUSION Our health belief model-based questionnaire using quantitative measures enabled the confirmation of popular beliefs about covid-19 infection risks. The advantage in our approach lays in the possibility of quickly, directly and quantitatively identifying individual belief profiles for each dimension in the questionnaire, serving as a great ally for communication processes and public health education."}, {"pmid": 32330635, "pmcid": "PMC7194708", "title": "Applying the ethical principles of resource allocation to drugs in limited supply during a public health crisis.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Kong, Ha Eun", "Grant-Kels, Jane M", "Stoff, Benjamin K"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330635", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401959, "pmcid": "PMC7232955", "title": "Importation and early local transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020.", "journal": "Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo", "authors": ["Jesus, Jaqueline Goes de", "Sacchi, Claudio", "Candido, Darlan da Silva", "Claro, Ingra Morales", "Sales, Flavia Cristina Silva", "Manuli, Erika Regina", "Silva, Daniela Bernardes Borges da", "Paiva, Terezinha Maria de", "Pinho, Margarete Aparecida Benega", "Santos, Katia Correa de Oliveira", "Hill, Sarah Catherine", "Aguiar, Renato Santana", "Romero, Filipe", "Santos, Fabiana Cristina Pereira Dos", "Goncalves, Claudia Regina", "Timenetsky, Maria do Carmo", "Quick, Joshua", "Croda, Julio Henrique Rosa", "Oliveira, Wanderson de", "Rambaut, Andrew", "Pybus, Oliver G.", "Loman, Nicholas J.", "Sabino, Ester Cerdeira", "Faria, Nuno Rodrigues"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401959", "countries": ["Brazil", "Italy"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We conducted the genome sequencing and analysis of the first confirmed COVID-19 infections in Brazil. Rapid sequencing coupled with phylogenetic analyses in the context of travel history corroborate multiple independent importations from Italy and local spread during the initial stage of COVID-19 transmission in Brazil."}, {"pmid": 32447121, "pmcid": "PMC7242202", "title": "Unheralded Lower Limb Threatening Ischemia in a COVID-19 Patient.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Andrea, Vacirca", "Gianluca, Faggioli", "Rodolfo, Pini", "Paolo, Teutonico", "Alessandro, Pilato", "Mauro, Gargiulo"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447121", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute thromboembolic events appear to be frequent in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We report a case of an intubated patient, who developed a threatening lower limb ischemia. Intra-arterial fibrinolysis and intravenous heparin infusion did not lead to complete recanalization of the tibial arteries, which were successfully treated by surgical embolectomy."}, {"pmid": 32471812, "title": "The role of palliative care in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Sese, Denise", "Makhoul, Ahed", "Hoeksema, Laura", "Shoemaker, Laura"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471812", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, many healthcare systems are experiencing an increased demand for palliative care (PC). To meet this challenge, the PC team at Cleveland Clinic designed an enterprise-wide response plan organized around 4 domains: staff (educational resources and tools), stuff (medications and supplies), space (recommendations for optimizing physical space and facilities), and systems to facilitate high-quality PC delivery to patients. To mitigate isolation during end-of-life care, the Clinic offers \"compassionate exceptions\" to strict visitation policies, provides personal protective equipment to visitors of these patients, and facilitates virtual visitation via electronic devices."}, {"pmid": 32381692, "title": "Combination prevention for COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Myron S", "Corey, Lawrence"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381692", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220204, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rolf, J Douglass"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220204", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482154, "title": "Care of Patients With a Laryngectomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Yeung, David C M", "Lai, Ronald", "Wong, Eddy W Y", "Chan, Jason Y K"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482154", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with a laryngectomy are at increased risk for droplet-transmitted diseases and, therefore, COVID-19, which has now caused a worldwide pandemic. Adaptive measures to protect patients with a laryngectomy and their families were designed and implemented in the Hong Kong SAR (HK). Driven by the fear of severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003, hospitals in HK have since modified infection control routines to prevent a repeat public health nightmare. To face COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, we have adapted guidelines for our patients with a laryngectomy. Contact precautions, droplet precautions with physical barriers, and hand and equipment hygiene are our mainstays of prevention against COVID-19, and sharing these routines is the aim of this article. The COVID-19 pandemic is still roaring ahead. Awareness and precautions for patients with a laryngectomy who may be at higher risk are outlined here and should be maintained during the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32303496, "title": "What's happening in covid-19 ICUs? An intensive care doctor answers some common questions.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi", "Wilkinson, Emma"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303496", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430077, "pmcid": "PMC7235539", "title": "COVID-19: a plea to protect the older population.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Carrieri, Daniele", "Peccatori, Fedro Alessandro", "Boniolo, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430077", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221979, "title": "Videolaryngoscopy increases 'mouth-to-mouth' distance compared with direct laryngoscopy.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Hall, D", "Steel, A", "Heij, R", "Eley, A", "Young, P"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446684, "pmcid": "PMC7205684", "title": "Skin findings in the COVID-19 pandemic in the Region of Murcia.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Perez-Suarez, Beatriz", "Martinez-Menchon, Teresa", "Cutillas-Marco, Eugenia"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446684", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340759, "pmcid": "PMC7129207", "title": "Possible Cause of Inflammatory Storm and Septic Shock in Patients Diagnosed with (COVID-19).", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Hantoushzadeh, Sedigheh", "Norooznezhad, Amir Hossein"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340759", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection which has been known as Coronavirus diseases 2019 COVID-19 has become an endemic emergent situation by the World Health Organization. So far, no successful specific treatment has been found for this disease. As has been reported, most of non-survivor patients with COVID-19 (70%) had septic shock which was significantly higher than survived ones. Although the exact pathophysiology of septic shock in these patients is still unclear, it seems to be possible that part of it would be due to the administration of empiric antibiotics with inflammatory properties especially in the absence of bacterial infection. Herein, we have reviewed possible molecular pathways of septic shock in the patients who have received antibiotics with inflammatory properties which mainly is release of interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF- \u03b1) through different routes. Altogether, we highly recommend clinicians to look after those antibiotics with anti-inflammatory activity for both empiric antibiotic therapy and reducing the inflammation to prevent septic shock in patients with diagnosed COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32436600, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 as an extrahepatic precipitator of acute-on-chronic liver failure.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Grosse, Karsten", "Kramer, Matthijs", "Trautwein, Christian", "Bruns, Tony"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436600", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343996, "pmcid": "PMC7194680", "title": "Rising Concern on Damaged Testis of COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Chen, Fangping", "Lou, Didong"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343996", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332908, "title": "'Distancing is impossible': refugee camps race to avert coronavirus catastrophe.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Subbaraman, Nidhi"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332908", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442404, "pmcid": "PMC7211590", "title": "Biomedical Research Goes Viral: Dangers and Opportunities.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Zeggini, Eleftheria", "Baumann, Michael", "Gotz, Magdalena", "Herzig, Stephan", "Hrabe de Angelis, Martin", "Tschop, Matthias H"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442404", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Researchers around the globe have been mounting, accelerating, and redeploying efforts across disciplines and organizations to tackle the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. However, humankind continues to be afflicted by numerous other devastating diseases in increasing numbers. Here, we outline considerations and opportunities toward striking a good balance between maintaining and redefining research priorities."}, {"pmid": 32366509, "pmcid": "PMC7211068", "title": "Editorial debate: Challenges we oncologists, working within a universal healthcare system, have to face in these hard times.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Cervantes, Andres"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366509", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273292, "pmcid": "PMC7211058", "title": "COVID-19 and the gastrointestinal tract: more than meets the eye.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Ng, Siew C", "Tilg, Herbert"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273292", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516818, "title": "Interim Management of COVID-19 by Repurposed Homeopathic Medicines.", "journal": "Homeopathy", "authors": ["Basu, Nilanjana", "Das, Bhudev Chandra", "Tandon, Simran"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516818", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314058, "pmcid": "PMC7170031", "title": "COVID-19 patients and the radiology department - advice from the European Society of Radiology (ESR) and the European Society of Thoracic Imaging (ESTI).", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Revel, Marie-Pierre", "Parkar, Anagha P", "Prosch, Helmut", "Silva, Mario", "Sverzellati, Nicola", "Gleeson, Fergus", "Brady, Adrian"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314058", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This document from the European Society of Radiology (ESR) and the European Society of Thoracic Imaging (ESTI) aims to present the main imaging features, and the role of CT scan in the early diagnosis of COVID-19, describing, in particular, the typical findings which make it possible to identify the disease and distinguish it from bacterial causes of infection, and to define which category of patients may benefit from CT imaging. The precautions that must be taken when performing scans to protect radiologists and technologists from infection will be described. The organisational measures that can be taken within radiology departments in order to cope with the influx of patients, while continuing to manage other emergency and time-sensitive activity (e.g. oncology, other infectious diseases etc.), will be discussed. KEY POINTS: \u2022 Bilateral ground glass opacities are typical CT manifestations of COVID-19. \u2022 Crazy paving and organising pneumonia pattern are seen at a later stage. \u2022 Extensive consolidation is associated with a poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32348581, "pmcid": "PMC7267355", "title": "Development of clinical care guidelines for faculty and residents in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Park, Jason S", "El-Sayed, Ivan H", "Young, VyVy N", "Pletcher, Steven D"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348581", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 pandemic brings new challenges to otolaryngology resident education. Surgical volume and clinic visits are curtailed, personal protective equipment for operating room participation is restricted, and the risk of COVID-19 disease transmission during heretofore routine patient care is the new norm. We describe a small-team \"cohorting\" protocol including guidelines for faculty and resident in common clinical scenarios with attention paid to the risk of common otolaryngologic procedures. A rotating small-team approach was implemented at each clinical site, limiting interaction between department members but providing comprehensive coverage. Faculty were involved at the earliest phase of clinical interactions. Guidelines delineated faculty and resident roles based on risk stratification by patient COVID status and anticipated procedures. Special consideration was given to high-risk procedures such as endoscopy and tracheotomy. A small-team-based approach with guidelines for faculty/resident roles may mitigate risk while optimizing patient care and maximizing education."}, {"pmid": 32238429, "title": "Incidental Findings Suggestive of COVID-19 in Asymptomatic Patients Undergoing Nuclear Medicine Procedures in a High-Prevalence Region.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Albano, Domenico", "Bertagna, Francesco", "Bertoli, Mattia", "Bosio, Giovanni", "Lucchini, Silvia", "Motta, Federica", "Panarotto, Maria Beatrice", "Peli, Alessia", "Camoni, Luca", "Bengel, Frank M", "Giubbini, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238429", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may remain asymptomatic, leading to under-recognition of the related disease, coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19), and to incidental findings in nuclear imaging procedures performed for standard clinical indications. Here, we report about our local experience in a region with high COVID-19 prevalence and dynamically increasing infection rates. Methods: Within the 8-d period of March 16-24, 2020, hybrid imaging studies of asymptomatic patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT or 131I SPECT/CT for standard oncologic indications at our institution in Brescia, Italy, were analyzed for findings suggestive of COVID-19. The presence, radiologic features, and metabolic activity of interstitial pneumonia were identified, correlated with the subsequent short-term clinical course, and described in a case series. Results: Six of 65 patients (9%) who underwent PET/CT for various malignancies showed unexpected signs of interstitial pneumonia on CT and elevated regional 18F-FDG avidity. Additionally, 1 of 12 patients who received radioiodine for differentiated thyroid carcinoma also showed interstitial pneumonia on SPECT/CT. Five of 7 patients had subsequent proof of COVID-19 by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The remaining 2 patients were not tested immediately but underwent quarantine and careful monitoring. Conclusion: Incidental findings suggestive of COVID-19 may not be infrequent in hybrid imaging of asymptomatic patients in regions with an expansive spread of SARS-CoV-2. Nuclear medicine services should prepare accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32297226, "pmcid": "PMC7159992", "title": "The Case for a Temporary COVID-19 Income Tax Levy Now, During the Crisis.", "journal": "Appl Health Econ Health Policy", "authors": ["Karnon, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297226", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222336, "pmcid": "PMC7118675", "title": "Initial rapid and proactive response for the COVID-19 outbreak - Taiwan's experience.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Cheng, Hao-Yuan", "Li, Shu-Ying", "Yang, Chin-Hui"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222336", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510261, "title": "Is there any possible link between COVID-19 and human infertility?", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Cavalcante, Marcelo Borges", "Sarno, Manoel", "da Silva, Arlley Cleverson Belo", "Araujo Junior, Edward", "Barini, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510261", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246497, "title": "Strategies for Disseminating and Implementing COVID-19 Public Health Prevention Practices in Rural Areas.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Prusaczyk, Beth"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246497", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394513, "pmcid": "PMC7272900", "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: A word of caution.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Annangi, Srinadh"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394513", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461214, "title": "Covid-19 related hospital admissions in the United States: needs and outcomes.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Anesi, George L", "Halpern, Scott D", "Delgado, M Kit"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461214", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220284, "pmcid": "PMC7158904", "title": "Clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-centre, descriptive study.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yu, Nan", "Li, Wei", "Kang, Qingling", "Xiong, Zhi", "Wang, Shaoshuai", "Lin, Xingguang", "Liu, Yanyan", "Xiao, Juan", "Liu, Haiyi", "Deng, Dongrui", "Chen, Suhua", "Zeng, Wanjiang", "Feng, Ling", "Wu, Jianli"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220284", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December, 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China. The number of affected pregnant women is increasing, but scarce information is available about the clinical features of COVID-19 in pregnancy. This study aimed to clarify the clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19. In this retrospective, single-centre study, we included all pregnant women with COVID-19 who were admitted to Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. Clinical features, treatments, and maternal and fetal outcomes were assessed. Seven patients, admitted to Tongji Hospital from Jan 1, to Feb 8, 2020, were included in our study. The mean age of the patients was 32 years (range 29-34 years) and the mean gestational age was 39 weeks plus 1 day (range 37 weeks to 41 weeks plus 2 days). Clinical manifestations were fever (six [86%] patients), cough (one [14%] patient), shortness of breath (one [14%] patient), and diarrhoea (one [14%] patient). All the patients had caesarean section within 3 days of clinical presentation with an average gestational age of 39 weeks plus 2 days. The final date of follow-up was Feb 12, 2020. The outcomes of the pregnant women and neonates were good. Three neonates were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and one neonate was infected with SARS-CoV-2 36 h after birth. The maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes of patients who were infected in late pregnancy appeared very good, and these outcomes were achieved with intensive, active management that might be the best practice in the absence of more robust data. The clinical characteristics of these patients with COVID-19 during pregnancy were similar to those of non-pregnant adults with COVID-19 that have been reported in the literature. National Natural Science Foundation of China, Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China."}, {"pmid": 32449327, "pmcid": "PMC7246185", "title": "What Type of Face Mask Is Appropriate for Everyone-Mask-Wearing Policy amidst COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Mi Na"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449327", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450089, "pmcid": "PMC7242929", "title": "A local response to COVID-19 for advanced liver disease: Current model of care, challenges and opportunities.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Serper, Marina", "Shaked, Abraham", "Olthoff, Kim M", "Hoteit, Maarouf", "Appolo, Brenda", "Reddy, K Rajender"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450089", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368532, "pmcid": "PMC7190947", "title": "Stability and infectivity of coronaviruses in inanimate environments.", "journal": "World J Clin Cases", "authors": ["Ren, Shi-Yan", "Wang, Wen-Biao", "Hao, Ya-Guang", "Zhang, Hao-Ran", "Wang, Zhi-Chao", "Chen, Ye-Lin", "Gao, Rong-Ding"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368532", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious virus that can transmit through respiratory droplets, aerosols, or contacts. Frequent touching of contaminated surfaces in public areas is therefore a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The inanimate surfaces have often been described as a source of nosocomial infections. However, summaries on the transmissibility of coronaviruses from contaminated surfaces to induce the coronavirus disease 2019 are rare at present. This review aims to summarize data on the persistence of different coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces. The literature was systematically searched on Medline without language restrictions. All reports with experimental evidence on the duration persistence of coronaviruses on any type of surface were included. Most viruses from the respiratory tract, such as coronaviruses, influenza, SARS-CoV, or rhinovirus, can persist on surfaces for a few days. Persistence time on inanimate surfaces varied from minutes to up to one month, depending on the environmental conditions. SARS-CoV-2 can be sustained in air in closed unventilated buses for at least 30 min without losing infectivity. The most common coronaviruses may well survive or persist on surfaces for up to one month. Viruses in respiratory or fecal specimens can maintain infectivity for quite a long time at room temperature. Absorbent materials like cotton are safer than unabsorbent materials for protection from virus infection. The risk of transmission via touching contaminated paper is low. Preventive strategies such as washing hands and wearing masks are critical to the control of coronavirus disease 2019."}, {"pmid": 32345755, "title": "Schwartz rounds for healthcare personnel in coping with covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Saniasiaya, Jeyasakthy", "Ramasamy, Kuganathan"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286618, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Mental Health for Children and Adolescents.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Golberstein, Ezra", "Wen, Hefei", "Miller, Benjamin F"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286618", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308258, "pmcid": "PMC7156225", "title": "Analysis and forecast of COVID-19 spreading in China, Italy and France.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Fanelli, Duccio", "Piazza, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308258", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "France"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this note we analyze the temporal dynamics of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China, Italy and France in the time window \n                        \n                            22\n                            /\n                            01\n                            -\n                            15\n                            /\n                            03\n                            /\n                            2020\n                        \n                     . A first analysis of simple day-lag maps points to some universality in the epidemic spreading, suggesting that simple mean-field models can be meaningfully used to gather a quantitative picture of the epidemic spreading, and notably the height and time of the peak of confirmed infected individuals. The analysis of the same data within a simple susceptible-infected-recovered-deaths model indicates that the kinetic parameter that describes the rate of recovery seems to be the same, irrespective of the country, while the infection and death rates appear to be more variable. The model places the peak in Italy around March 21st 2020, with a peak number of infected individuals of about 26000 (not including recovered and dead) and a number of deaths at the end of the epidemics of about 18,000. Since the confirmed cases are believed to be between 10 and 20% of the real number of individuals who eventually get infected, the apparent mortality rate of COVID-19 falls between 4% and 8% in Italy, while it appears substantially lower, between 1% and 3% in China. Based on our calculations, we estimate that 2500 ventilation units should represent a fair figure for the peak requirement to be considered by health authorities in Italy for their strategic planning. Finally, a simulation of the effects of drastic containment measures on the outbreak in Italy indicates that a reduction of the infection rate indeed causes a quench of the epidemic peak. However, it is also seen that the infection rate needs to be cut down drastically and quickly to observe an appreciable decrease of the epidemic peak and mortality rate. This appears only possible through a concerted and disciplined, albeit painful, effort of the population as a whole."}, {"pmid": 32376033, "pmcid": "PMC7196317", "title": "COVID-19: 2020 is the International Year of the Midwife.", "journal": "Midwifery", "authors": ["Bick, Debra"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376033", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32127666, "title": "Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).", "journal": "Nat Rev Drug Discov", "authors": ["Li, Guangdi", "De Clercq, Erik"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127666", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32142979, "pmcid": "PMC7129692", "title": "Li Wenliang, a face to the frontline healthcare worker. The first doctor to notify the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2, (COVID-19), outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Petersen, Eskild", "Hui, David", "Hamer, Davidson H", "Blumberg, Lucille", "Madoff, Lawrence C", "Pollack, Marjorie", "Lee, Shui Shan", "McLellan, Susan", "Memish, Ziad", "Praharaj, Ira", "Wasserman, Sean", "Ntoumi, Francine", "Azhar, Esam Ibraheem", "Mchugh, Timothy D", "Kock, Richard", "Ippolito, Guiseppe", "Zumla, Ali", "Koopmans, Marion"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142979", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259628, "pmcid": "PMC7129776", "title": "Clinician Wellness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Extraordinary Times and Unusual Challenges for the Allergist/Immunologist.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Bansal, Priya", "Bingemann, Theresa A", "Greenhawt, Matthew", "Mosnaim, Giselle", "Nanda, Anil", "Oppenheimer, John", "Sharma, Hemant", "Stukus, David", "Shaker, Marcus"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259628", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused sudden and dramatic societal changes. The allergy/immunology community has quickly responded by mobilizing practice adjustments and embracing new paradigms of care to protect patients and staff from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exposure. Social distancing is key to slowing contagion but adds to complexity of care and increases isolation and anxiety. Uncertainty exists across a new COVID-19 reality, and clinician well-being may be an underappreciated priority. Wellness incorporates mental, physical, and spiritual health to protect against burnout, which impairs both coping and caregiving abilities. Understanding the stressors that COVID-19 is placing on clinicians can assist in recognizing what is needed to return to a point of wellness. Clinicians can leverage easily accessible tools, including the Strength-Focused and Meaning-Oriented Approach to Resilience and Transformation approach, wellness apps, mindfulness, and gratitude. Realizing early warning signs of anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and posttraumatic stress disorder is important to access safe and confidential resources. Implementing wellness strategies can improve flexibility, resilience, and outlook. Historical parallels demonstrate that perseverance is as inevitable as pandemics and that we need not navigate this unprecedented time alone."}, {"pmid": 32479159, "title": "Related molecular mechanisms of COVID-19, hypertension, and diabetes.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Akkus, Erman", "Sahin, Mustafa"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479159", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459668, "pmcid": "PMC7273938", "title": "Perioperative Considerations for Tracheostomies in The Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Gosling, Andre F", "Bose, Somnath", "Gomez, Ernest", "Parikh, Mihir", "Cook, Charles", "Sarge, Todd", "Shaefi, Shahzad", "Leibowitz, Akiva"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459668", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The morbidity, mortality and blistering pace of transmission of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an unprecedented worldwide health crisis. COVID-19, the disease produced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, is remarkable for persistent, severe respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation that places considerable strain on critical care resources. Because recovery from COVID-19 associated respiratory failure can be prolonged, tracheostomy may facilitate patient management and optimize use of mechanical ventilators. Several important considerations apply to planning tracheostomies for COVID-19 infected patients. After performing a literature review of tracheostomies during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreaks, we synthesized important learning points from these experiences and suggest an approach for perioperative teams involved in these procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic.Multidisciplinary teams should be involved in decisions regarding timing and appropriateness of the procedure. As the theoretical risk of disease transmission is increased during aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), stringent infectious precautions are warranted. Personal protective equipment (PPE) should be available and worn by all personnel present during tracheostomy. The number of people in the room should be limited to those absolute necessary. Using the most experienced available operators will minimize the total time that staff are exposed to an infectious aerosolized environment. An approach that secures the airway in the safest and quickest manner will minimize the time any part of the airway is open to the environment. Deep neuromuscular blockade (train of four ratio = 0) will facilitate surgical exposure and prevent aerosolization due to patient movement or coughing. For percutaneous tracheostomies, the bronchoscopist should be able to reintubate if needed. Closed-loop communication must occur at all times among members of the team. If possible after tracheostomy is performed, waiting until the patient is virus free before changing the cannula or downsizing may reduce the chances of healthcare worker infection.Tracheostomies in COVID-19 patients present themselves as extremely high-risk for all members of the procedural team. To mitigate risk, systematic meticulous planning of each procedural step is warranted along with strict adherence to local/institutional protocols."}, {"pmid": 32164708, "pmcid": "PMC7069035", "title": "What further should be done to control COVID-19 outbreaks in addition to cases isolation and contact tracing measures?", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["He, Zhenjian"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32164708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407516, "pmcid": "PMC7239113", "title": "Response to letter to the editor: \"Lung Ultrasound early detection and monitoring in Covid-19 Pneumonia: fact and fiction\".", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Ji, Li", "Cao, Chunyan", "Li, Yuman", "Xie, Mingxing"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407516", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289019, "pmcid": "PMC7104190", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: The 'black swan' for mental health care and a turning point for e-health.", "journal": "Internet Interv", "authors": ["Wind, Tim R", "Rijkeboer, Marleen", "Andersson, Gerhard", "Riper, Heleen"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289019", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311068, "pmcid": "PMC7264620", "title": "Challenges and Responsibilities in Caring for the Most Vulnerable During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Siegler, Eugenia L"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311068", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342578, "pmcid": "PMC7267670", "title": "The importance of naturally attenuated SARS-CoV-2in the fight against COVID-19.", "journal": "Environ Microbiol", "authors": ["Armengaud, Jean", "Delaunay-Moisan, Agnes", "Thuret, Jean-Yves", "van Anken, Eelco", "Acosta-Alvear, Diego", "Aragon, Tomas", "Arias, Carolina", "Blondel, Marc", "Braakman, Ineke", "Collet, Jean-Francois", "Courcol, Rene", "Danchin, Antoine", "Deleuze, Jean-Francois", "Lavigne, Jean-Philippe", "Lucas, Sophie", "Michiels, Thomas", "Moore, Edward R B", "Nixon-Abell, Jonathon", "Rossello-Mora, Ramon", "Shi, Zheng-Li", "Siccardi, Antonio G", "Sitia, Roberto", "Tillett, Daniel", "Timmis, Kenneth N", "Toledano, Michel B", "van der Sluijs, Peter", "Vicenzi, Elisa"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342578", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is wreaking havoc throughout the world and has rapidly become a global health emergency. A central question concerning COVID-19 is why some individuals become sick and others not. Many have pointed already at variation in risk factors between individuals. However, the variable outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infections may, at least in part, be due also to differences between the viral subspecies with which individuals are infected. A more pertinent question is how we are to overcome the current pandemic. A vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 would offer significant relief, although vaccine developers have warned that design, testing and production of vaccines may take a year if not longer. Vaccines are based on a handful of different designs (i), but the earliest vaccines were based on the live, attenuated virus. As has been the case for other viruses during earlier pandemics, SARS-CoV-2 will mutate and may naturally attenuate over time (ii). What makes the current pandemic unique is that, thanks to state-of-the-art nucleic acid sequencing technologies, we can follow in detail how SARS-CoV-2 evolves while it spreads. We argue that knowledge of naturally emerging attenuated SARS-CoV-2 variants across the globe should be of key interest in our fight against the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32368850, "pmcid": "PMC7267604", "title": "Utilization of deceased donors during a pandemic: argument against using SARS-CoV-2-positive donors.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Shah, Malay B", "Lynch, Raymond J", "El-Haddad, Hanine", "Doby, Brianna", "Brockmeier, Diane", "Goldberg, David S"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368850", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly become an unprecedented pandemic that has impacted society, disrupted hospital functions, strained health care resources, and impacted the lives of transplant professionals. Despite this, organ failure and the need for transplant continues throughout the United States. Considering the perpetual scarcity of deceased donor organs, Kates et al present a viewpoint that advocates for the utilization of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-positive donors in selected cases. We present a review of the current literature that details the potential negative consequences of COVID-19-positive donors. The factors we consider include (1) the risk of blood transmission of SARS-CoV-2, (2) involvement of donor organs, (3) lack of effective therapies, (4) exposure of health care and recovery teams, (5) disease transmission and propagation, and (6) hospital resource utilization. While we acknowledge that transplant fulfills the mission of saving lives, it is imperative to consider the consequences not only to our recipients but also to the community and to health care workers, particularly in the absence of effective preventative or curative therapies. For these reasons, we believe the evidence and risks show that COVID-19 infection should continue to remain a contraindication for donation, as has been the initial response of donation and transplant societies."}, {"pmid": 32418455, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ongoing cardiovascular research projects: considerations and adaptations.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs", "authors": ["Van Bulck, Liesbet", "Kovacs, Adrienne H", "Goossens, Eva", "Luyckx, Koen", "Jaarsma, Tiny", "Stromberg, Anna", "Moons, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418455", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467190, "title": "COVID-19-Associated Miller Fisher Syndrome: MRI Findings.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Lantos, J E", "Strauss, S B", "Lin, E"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467190", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Miller Fisher syndrome, also known as Miller Fisher variant of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome, is an acute peripheral neuropathy that can develop after exposure to various viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. It is characterized by a triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. Miller Fisher syndrome has recently been described in the clinical setting of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) without accompanying imaging. In this case, we report the first presumptive case of COVID-19-associated Miller Fisher syndrome with MR imaging findings."}, {"pmid": 32402799, "pmcid": "PMC7177083", "title": "Early COVID-19 Impact on Adolescent Health and Medicine Programs in the United States: LEAH Program Leadership Reflections.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Emans, S Jean", "Ford, Carol A", "Irwin, Charles E Jr", "Richardson, Laura P", "Sherer, Sara", "Sieving, Renee E", "Simpson, Tina"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402799", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294372, "title": "Audio Interview: Caring for Patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294372", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382657, "pmcid": "PMC7197457", "title": "Assay Techniques and Test Development for COVID-19 Diagnosis.", "journal": "ACS Cent Sci", "authors": ["Carter, Linda J", "Garner, Linda V", "Smoot, Jeffrey W", "Li, Yingzhu", "Zhou, Qiongqiong", "Saveson, Catherine J", "Sasso, Janet M", "Gregg, Anne C", "Soares, Divya J", "Beskid, Tiffany R", "Jervey, Susan R", "Liu, Cynthia"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382657", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302703, "pmcid": "PMC7194583", "title": "Considerations for Drug Interactions on QTc Interval in Exploratory COVID-19 Treatment.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Roden, Dan M", "Harrington, Robert A", "Poppas, Athena", "Russo, Andrea M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302703", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313880, "pmcid": "PMC7166201", "title": "PAK1-blockers: Potential Therapeutics against COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Maruta, Hiroshi", "He, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313880", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "PAK1 (RAC/CDC42-activated kinase 1) is the major \"pathogenic\" kinase whose abnormal activation causes a wide variety of diseases/disorders including cancers, inflammation, malaria and pandemic viral infection including influenza, HIV and COVID-19. Since Louis Pateur who developed a vaccine against rabies in 1885, in general a series of \"specific\" vaccines have been used for treatment of viral infection, mainly because antibiotics in general are ineffective for treatment of viral infection. However, it takes 12-18\u202fmonths till the effective vaccine becomes available. Until then ventilator (O2 supplier) would be the most common tool for saving the life of COVID-19 patients. Thus, as alternative potentially more direct \"broad-spectrum\" COVID-19 therapeutics, several natural and synthetic PAK1-blockers such as propolis, melatonin, ciclesonide, hydroxy chloroquine (HQ), ivermection, and ketorolac, which are readily available in the market, are introduced here."}, {"pmid": 32472706, "title": "The Long-Standing History of Corynebacterium Parvum, Immunity and Viruses.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Palmieri, Beniamino", "Vadala, Maria", "Roncati, Luca", "Garelli, Andrea", "Scandone, Francesco", "Bondi, Moreno", "Cermelli, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472706", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a review of all the experimental and clinical studies performed in the last 60 years on the antiviral activity of inactivated Corynebacterium Parvum (Cutibacterium acnes). This bacterium has been originally investigated and used for its oncolytic properties linked to immunomodulating activity, but the interest to successfully prevent and treat bacterial, fungal and viral infections and lethality, uprising the innate immunity barriers produced many experimental models and very few clinical studies. The dramatic defenceless situation due to impending CoViD-19 pandemic claims to exhume and highlight this aspecific strategy in preventive and therapeutic settings; as a matter of fact no new or mutated virus can potentially escape to this strong innate immune surveillance strengthened by adequate C.parvum protocols. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32496257, "title": "Assessing health systems' responsiveness in tackling COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Neogi, Sutapa Bandyopadhyay", "Preetha, G S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496257", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health systems' responsiveness is the key to addressing infectious disease threats such as pandemics. The article outlines an assessment of health systems based on World Health Organization's building blocks for select countries. It also compares these with the findings from a more comprehensive analysis of Global Health Security (GHS) Index, which assesses the preparedness of the health system for such pandemics. The GHS report (2019) spelt out very objectively that none of the countries of the world was prepared to effectively handle such emergencies, should they arise. Observations emerging from different countries highlight these findings although some of them seem to be discordant. Overall, it appears that Asian countries could fight the battle better than most developed nations in the Europe and America during the current pandemic, despite having poor GHS scores. Experiences of these countries in facing similar crisis in the past probably sensitized their strained health systems for a greater good. There are several lessons to be learned from such countries."}, {"pmid": 32417245, "pmcid": "PMC7224647", "title": "The proportion of COVID-19 cases that are asymptomatic in South Korea: Comment on Nishiura et al.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Workman, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417245", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Korean Centers for Disease Control & Prevention reports the asymptomatic case proportion for COVID-19 is 33.3%. The asymptomatic case proportion in South Korea closely approximates the rate of 30.8% reported by Nishiura et al. (2020) among Japanese nationals returning from abroad."}, {"pmid": 32527716, "title": "Ambitious rhetoric and appalling reality: the UK government's response to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Cowper, Andy"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527716", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447167, "pmcid": "PMC7236682", "title": "Modified oxygen therapy device for prevention of aerosol dispersion in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kumar, Amarjeet", "Kumar, Abhyuday", "Kumar, Neeraj", "Kumar, Ajeet", "Singh, Prabhat Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447167", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391985, "title": "Reinventing Behavioral Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Pinkhasov, Aaron"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391985", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301804, "pmcid": "PMC7188033", "title": "A Multidisciplinary Team Approach for Triage of Elective Cancer Surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital During the Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Qadan, Motaz", "Hong, Theodore S", "Tanabe, Kenneth K", "Ryan, David P", "Lillemoe, Keith D"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301804", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275971, "pmcid": "PMC7138381", "title": "Letter to the Editor: COVID-19 in patients with diabetes: Risk factors that increase morbidity.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Klonoff, David C", "Umpierrez, Guillermo E"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275971", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336927, "pmcid": "PMC7179492", "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Emergence, History, Basic and Clinical Aspects.", "journal": "Saudi J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Al-Qahtani, Ahmed A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336927", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, the world woke to a reality of a pandemic of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), elicited by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to a group of \u03b2-coronavirus. The potential to cause life-threatening respiratory failure and rapid transmission puts COVID-19 in the list of Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). In the last two decades, this is the 3rd deadliest Coronavirus pandemic, following SARS which lasted between 2002 and 2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) from 2012 till date. Globally and as of April 1st 2020, COVID-19 has affected 924,688 individuals in over 200 countries, causing 46,368 fatalities. While the SARS-CoV-2 originated in China with over 82,724 confirmed cases and more than 3000 deaths as at the time of writing this review, the rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in exponential increase in the number of cases outside of China to about 10 times the report case and death in mainland China. SARS-CoV-2 is suspected to be zoonotic in nature as genetic studies have shown sequence similarity to viruses originating from bats. Extreme precautionary measures, such as curfew, shutting of borders and quarantining of individuals suspected to be infected have been instituted with immediate effect; however, due to individuals that are asymptomatic, uncontrolled human-to-human transmission has resulted in exponential infection rate and numerous loss of lives even with this lockdown measures. This review article summarizes the developing situation surrounding the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with respect to its epidemiology, unique genomic structure, possible origins, transmission, pathogenesis, comparison with other deadly species of Coronaviruses (CoV) and emerging treatment strategies built on informed literature."}, {"pmid": 32312714, "title": "COVID-19 More Frequent, Severe in Cancer Patients.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312714", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using data from China, two studies suggest that people with cancer are more likely than the general population to contract COVID-19 and to develop more severe disease or die from it."}, {"pmid": 32521376, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19): Interferon-epsilon may be responsible of decreased mortality in females.", "journal": "J Reprod Immunol", "authors": ["Afsar, Cigdem Usul", "Afsar, Selim"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521376", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486140, "title": "Weakly Labeled Data Augmentation for Deep Learning: A Study on COVID-19 Detection in Chest X-Rays.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Rajaraman, Sivaramakrishnan", "Antani, Sameer"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486140", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic resulting in over 2.7 million infected individuals and over 190,000 deaths and growing. Assertions in the literature suggest that respiratory disorders due to COVID-19 commonly present with pneumonia-like symptoms which are radiologically confirmed as opacities. Radiology serves as an adjunct to the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test for confirmation and evaluating disease progression. While computed tomography (CT) imaging is more specific than chest X-rays (CXR), its use is limited due to cross-contamination concerns. CXR imaging is commonly used in high-demand situations, placing a significant burden on radiology services. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) has been suggested to alleviate this burden. However, there is a dearth of sufficient training data for developing image-based AI tools. We propose increasing training data for recognizing COVID-19 pneumonia opacities using weakly labeled data augmentation. This follows from a hypothesis that the COVID-19 manifestation would be similar to that caused by other viral pathogens affecting the lungs. We expand the training data distribution for supervised learning through the use of weakly labeled CXR images, automatically pooled from publicly available pneumonia datasets, to classify them into those with bacterial or viral pneumonia opacities. Next, we use these selected images in a stage-wise, strategic approach to train convolutional neural network-based algorithms and compare against those trained with non-augmented data. Weakly labeled data augmentation expands the learned feature space in an attempt to encompass variability in unseen test distributions, enhance inter-class discrimination, and reduce the generalization error. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that simple weakly labeled data augmentation (Acc: 0.5555 and Acc: 0.6536) is better than baseline non-augmented training (Acc: 0.2885 and Acc: 0.5028) in identifying COVID-19 manifestations as viral pneumonia. Interestingly, adding COVID-19 CXRs to simple weakly labeled augmented training data significantly improves the performance (Acc: 0.7095 and Acc: 0.8889), suggesting that COVID-19, though viral in origin, creates a uniquely different presentation in CXRs compared with other viral pneumonia manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32506110, "title": "Use of Remdesivir in the Management of COVID-19: A Systematic Review on Current Evidences.", "journal": "Mymensingh Med J", "authors": ["Nasir, M", "Talha, K A", "Islam, T", "Saha, S K", "Selina, F", "Parveen, R A"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506110", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid progression of corona virus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become an unprecedented global concern. This systemic review aimed at evaluating the available evidence on efficacy, safety to identify any promising role for compassionate use of remdesivir in patient suffered for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as re-purposeful use. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective case series studies and case reports that evaluated use of remdesivir in COVID-19. The outcomes were mortality, recovery rate, length of hospital stay and clinical outcome. Though the drug remdesivir (RDV) is not approved by the FDA, still the \"Emergency Use Authorization\" (EUA) for compassionate use in severe cases is endorsed. After vigorous searching, screening and sorting of completed and published scientific evidences in electronic database, there were only 2 randomized control trial (RCT), 2 uncontrolled trials found until April 2020. We also included 3 published case reports to analyze the validity use of RDV because of the scarcity of evidence based reports. Remdesivir was thought to be one of the promising options for treating the patients of COVID-19 based on few laboratory experiments and reports from some compassionate use and case reports. The safety and efficacy of this drug in COVID-19 cases require high-quality evidence from well-designed and adequately-powered clinical trials with proper sample size for precise decision."}, {"pmid": 32301349, "title": "Cost-effectiveness of rivaroxaban plus aspirin (dual pathway inhibition) for prevention of ischaemic events in patients with cardiovascular disease: on top optimisation of secondary prevention medication in the context of COVID-19 pandemia.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Rauch, Bernhard"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301349", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329977, "title": "Atypical pneumonia diagnosed as coronavirus disease 2019 by a serologic test (patient -1 in Poland).", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Swadzba, Jakub", "Kozlowska, Danuta", "Anyszek, Tomasz", "Dorycka, Malgorzata", "Martin, Emilia", "Piotrowska-Mietelska, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329977", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518442, "pmcid": "PMC7270043", "title": "The hunt for covid-19 drugs.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["MacKenzie, Debora"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518442", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many drugs and vaccines are now being developed and tested."}, {"pmid": 32242990, "pmcid": "PMC7228343", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes.", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Ma, R C W", "Holt, R I G"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242990", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508041, "title": "Significance of clinical phenomes of patients with COVID-19 infection: A learning from 3795 patients in 80 reports.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Linlin", "Wang, Diane C", "Huang, Qihong", "Wang, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508041", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused outbreaks in multiple countries and the number of cases is rapidly increasing through human-to-human transmission. Clinical phenomes of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are critical in distinguishing it from other respiratory infections. The extent and characteristics of those phenomes varied depending on the severities of the infection, for example, beginning with fever or a mild cough, progressed with signs of pneumonia, and worsened with severe or even fatal respiratory difficulty in acute respiratory distress syndrome. We summarized clinical phenomes of 3795 patients with COVID-19 based on 80 published reports from the onset of outbreak to March 2020 to emphasize the importance and specificity of those phenomes in diagnosis and treatment of infection, and evaluate the impact on medical services. The data show that the incidence of male patients was higher than that of females and the level of C-reaction protein was increased as well as most patients' imaging included ground-glass opacity. Clinical phenomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with those of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections. There is an urgent need to develop an artificial intelligence-based machine learning capacity to analyze and integrate radiomics- or imaging-based, patient-based, clinician-based, and molecular measurements-based data to fight the outbreak of COVID-19 and enable more efficient responses to unknown infections in future."}, {"pmid": 32098466, "title": "[What are the highlights of \"Diagnosis and treatment of disease 2019 novel coronavirus infection suitable for Military support Hubei medical team\"].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Shi, Y"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32098466", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thousands of medical workers in the Military support Hubei medical team are exerting themselves in many hospitals in Hubei Province. They are diligent in treating patients, at the same time, they constantly summarize experience and combine the characteristics of military hospitals. According to \"the Diagnosis and Treatment of New Coronavirus Pneumonia \"(6th edition) of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, a new guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus infection suitable for the military (first trial version) was established. Some unique opinions and suggestions are put forward in terms of disease name, diagnosis criteria, antiviral treatment, glucocorticoid application, etc. This article will make a proper interpretation in order to understand the guideline better and help guide the diagnosis and treatment of diseases."}, {"pmid": 32279676, "pmcid": "PMC7180328", "title": "Nosocomial infection among patients with COVID-19: A retrospective data analysis of 918 cases from a single center in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["He, Yan", "Li, Wei", "Wang, Zhen", "Chen, Huilong", "Tian, Lei", "Liu, Dong"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279676", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445775, "pmcid": "PMC7238988", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic - Let's not forget surfaces.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Rawlinson, Stacey"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445775", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418549, "title": "Epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Wei, Maoti", "Yang, Ning", "Wang, Fenghua", "Zhao, Guoping", "Gao, Hongwei", "Li, Yuming"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418549", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December, 2019, an infection outbreak occurred in Wuhan of unknown cause, which attracts intense attention. Shortly after the virus was identified with the name of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2), the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out and an information storm occurred. At that time, two important aspects: the stage and the links of epidemic, were unclear. Answers to the questions, what are the sources, how do infections occur, and who will be affected should be clarified as the outbreak continues to evolve. Furthermore, the epidemic process and the stage of epidemic should be explored and discussed. Based on information of SARS, middle east respiratory syndrome(MERS) and COVID-19, the links of epidemic (the sources, the routes of infection, and the susceptible population) will be discussed as well as the role of the natural and the social factors. Epidemiology characteristics of patients will be traced based on current information."}, {"pmid": 32472696, "title": "Domestic violence amid COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Anurudran, Ashri", "Yared, Leah", "Comrie, Cameron", "Harrison, Katherine", "Burke, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472696", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This manuscript highlights the risk that shelter-in-place instructions during COVID-19 places on victims of domestic violence and serves as a call-to-action to address this crisis. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, \"stay at home\" has become the mantra of governments and public health organizations alike. But for victims of domestic violence, home is often not a place of safety. Staying at home not only places survivors of domestic violence at risk for further violence, but also isolates them from networks of support. Containment policies may lead to higher rates of domestic violence, substance abuse, anxiety, major depression, suicide, and other manifestations of unmet mental health needs. Job losses and financial insecurity may tip at-risk relationships into violence."}, {"pmid": 32399914, "pmcid": "PMC7217342", "title": "COVID-19 and the International Academy of Sex Research: We Will Be Back.", "journal": "Arch Sex Behav", "authors": ["Mustanski, Brian", "Vilain, Eric", "Dworkin, Shari L", "Suschinsky, Kelly D", "Zucker, Kenneth J"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399914", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525366, "title": "Children and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Phelps, Chavez", "Sperry, Linda L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525366", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many school districts have closed for the remainder of the academic year. These closures are unfortunate because, for many students, schools are their only source of trauma-informed care and supports. When schools reopen, they must develop a comprehensive plan to address the potential mental health needs of their students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32363409, "pmcid": "PMC7196178", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 spread in Northern Italy: what about the pollution role?", "journal": "Environ Monit Assess", "authors": ["Sciomer, Susanna", "Moscucci, Federica", "Magri, Damiano", "Badagliacca, Roberto", "Piccirillo, Gianfranco", "Agostoni, Piergiuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363409", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent epidemic of the new SARS-CoV-2 in the northern regions of Italy is putting the organization of the Italian health system under serious attack. The current emergency requires all possible efforts to stem the spread of the virus. In this context, it is clear that we have the urgent need to rely upon etiopathogenetic data, in order to do all possible efforts to block the epidemic. However, observing the trend of the infections in China and the geographic areas of the main outbreaks, it could be hypothesized that air pollution plays a role. In particular, it has been previously demonstrated, in specific populations, a role of particulate matter in worsening clinical presentation of virus infection in airways. Without prejudice to the ascertained virus spread by air droplets or contaminated surfaces, the factors that could have favored its spread remain to be investigated. Moreover, if these observations were to be confirmed, when the health emergency is resolved, it will be mandatory to redesign an economic-productive model in balance with the environment."}, {"pmid": 32438454, "title": "Management of osteoarthritis during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Ragni, Enrico", "Mangiavini, Laura", "Vigano, Marco", "Brini, Anna Teresa", "Peretti, Giuseppe Michele", "Banfi, Giuseppe", "de Girolamo, Laura"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438454", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic spread of the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection in China first, and all over the world at present, has become a global health emergency due to the rapidly increasing number of affected patients. Currently, a clear relationship between COVID-19 infection incidence and/or complications due to chronic or occasional treatments for other pathologies is still not clear, albeit COVID-19 pandemic may condition the treatment strategy of complex disorders, as osteoarthritis (OA). Importantly, OA is the most common age-related joint disease affecting more than 80% of people older than the age of 55, an age burden also shared with the highest severity in COVID-19 patients. OA patients often show a large array of concomitant pathologies such as diabetes, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases that are again shared with COVID-19 patients and may therefore increase complications. Moreover, different OA treatments such as NSAIDs, paracetamol, corticosteroids, opioids or other molecules have a wide array of iatrogenic effects, potentially increasing COVID-19 secondary infection incidence or complications. In this review we critically analyse the evidences on either negative or positive effect of drugs commonly used to manage OA in this particular scenario. This would provide orthopaedic surgeons at first, and physicians, pharmacologists and clinicians at general, a comprehensive description about the safety of the current pharmacological approaches and a decision making tool to treat their OA patients as the coronavirus pandemic continues."}, {"pmid": 32515364, "title": "COVID-19: Transforming Global Health.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Jawad, Fatema"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515364", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426890, "title": "Practice recommendations for the neurovascular ultrasound investigations of acute stroke patients in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic: an expert consensus from the European Society of Neurosonology and Cerebral Hemodynamics.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Baracchini, C", "Pieroni, A", "Kneihsl, M", "Azevedo, E", "Diomedi, M", "Pascazio, L", "Wojczal, J", "Lucas, C", "Bartels, E", "Bornstein, N M", "Csiba, L", "Valdueza, J", "Tsvigoulis, G", "Malojcic, B"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426890", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the COVID-19 pandemic stormed into the healthcare systems worldwide, protected stroke pathways have been suggested, in order not to spread the viral infection and ensure hyper-acute treatment. Noteworthy, patients with acute ischemic stroke are at high-risk for contracting SARS-CoV-2 virus, particularly the severe form, because COVID-19 and cerebrovascular diseases share common risk factors. Conversely, among patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 respiratory distress, about 5% might suffer a stroke. During the acute stages of the pandemic, thousands of healthcare professionals have already contracted COVID-19 infection, although the actual number is likely to be higher because healthcare workers are not always tested and protection measures at hospitals are not always readily available. This is the setting in which neurovascular ultrasound providers (physicians, sonographers) should expect to be involved in the care of stroke patients."}, {"pmid": 32525365, "title": "Role of focusing on the positive side during COVID-19 outbreak: Mental health perspective from positive psychology.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Yamaguchi, Keiko", "Takebayashi, Yoshitake", "Miyamae, Mitsuhiro", "Komazawa, Asami", "Yokoyama, Chika", "Ito, Masaya"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525365", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper discusses how positive emotions can help maintain and improve mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak, taking into account examples of social interaction and positive psychology research efforts in Japanese context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32292898, "pmcid": "PMC7129293", "title": "Facemask shortage and the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: Reflections on public health measures.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Wu, Huai-Liang", "Huang, Jian", "Zhang, Casper J P", "He, Zonglin", "Ming, Wai-Kit"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292898", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak due to the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection occurred in China in late December 2019. Facemask wearing with proper hand hygiene is considered an effective measure to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but facemask wearing has become a social concern due to the global facemask shortage. China is the major facemask producer in the world, contributing to 50% of global production. However, a universal facemask wearing policy would put an enormous burden on the facemask supply. We performed a policy review concerning facemasks using government websites and mathematical modelling shortage analyses based on data obtained from the National Health Commission (NHC), the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and General Administration of Customs (GAC) of the People's Republic of China. Three scenarios with respect to wearing facemasks were considered: (1) a universal facemask wearing policy implementation in all regions of mainland China; (2) a universal facemask wearing policy implementation only in the epicentre (Hubei province, China); and (3) no implementation of a universal facemask wearing policy. Regardless of different universal facemask wearing policy scenarios, facemask shortage would occur but eventually end during our prediction period (from 20 Jan 2020 to 30 Jun 2020). The duration of the facemask shortage described in the scenarios of a country-wide universal facemask wearing policy, a universal facemask wearing policy in the epicentre, and no universal facemask wearing policy were 132, seven, and four days, respectively. During the prediction period, the largest daily facemask shortages were predicted to be 589\u00b75, 49\u00b73, and 37\u00b75 million in each of the three scenarios, respectively. In any scenario, an N95 mask shortage was predicted to occur on 24 January 2020 with a daily facemask shortage of 2\u00b72 million. Implementing a universal facemask wearing policy in the whole of China could lead to severe facemask shortage. Without effective public communication, a universal facemask wearing policy could result in societal panic and subsequently, increase the nationwide and worldwide demand for facemasks. These increased demands could cause a facemask shortage for healthcare workers and reduce the effectiveness of outbreak control in the affected regions, eventually leading to a pandemic. To fight novel infectious disease outbreaks, such as COVID-19, governments should monitor domestic facemask supplies and give priority to healthcare workers. The risk of asymptomatic transmission and facemask shortages should be carefully evaluated before introducing a universal facemask wearing policy in high-risk regions. Public health measures aimed at improving hand hygiene and effective public communication should be considered along with the facemask policy."}, {"pmid": 32501355, "pmcid": "PMC7252103", "title": "Emerging study on the transmission of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) from urban perspective: Evidence from China.", "journal": "Cities", "authors": ["Liu, Lu"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501355", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study presents an in-depth investigation on the transmission of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) from the urban perspective. It focuses on the \"aftermath\" of the outbreak and the spread of the infection among cities. Especially, this study provides insights of the fundamentals of the factors that may affect the spread of the infection in cities, where the marginal effects of some most influential factors to the virus transmission are estimated. It reveals that the distance to epicenter is a very strong influential factor, and is negatively linked with the spread of COVID-19. In addition, subway, wastewater and residential garbage are positively connected with the virus transmission. Moreover, both urban area and population density are negatively associated with the spread of COVID-19 at the early stage of the epidemic. Furthermore, this study also provides high precision estimation of the number of COVID-19 infection in Wuhan city, which is the epicenter of the outbreak in China. Based on the real-world data of cities outside Wuhan on March 2, 2020, the estimated number is 56,944.866 (mean value), which is very close to the officially reported number. The methodology and main conclusions shown in this paper are of general interest, and they can be applied to other countries to help understand the local transmission of COVID-19 as well."}, {"pmid": 32281160, "pmcid": "PMC7262140", "title": "A call to action for public health nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Public Health Nurs", "authors": ["Edmonds, Joyce K", "Kneipp, Shawn M", "Campbell, Lisa"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281160", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406985, "pmcid": "PMC7261975", "title": "Interleukin-6 receptor antagonist therapy to treat SARS-CoV-2 driven inflammatory syndrome in a kidney transplant recipient.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Allam, Sridhar R", "Dao, Ann", "Madhrira, Machaiah M", "Antiporta, Philip B", "Nair, Ranjit R", "Guiteau, Jacfranz J", "Reyad, Ashraf I"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406985", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437596, "title": "Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Ackermann, Maximilian", "Verleden, Stijn E", "Kuehnel, Mark", "Haverich, Axel", "Welte, Tobias", "Laenger, Florian", "Vanstapel, Arno", "Werlein, Christopher", "Stark, Helge", "Tzankov, Alexandar", "Li, William W", "Li, Vincent W", "Mentzer, Steven J", "Jonigk, Danny"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437596", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Progressive respiratory failure is the primary cause of death in the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. Despite widespread interest in the pathophysiology of the disease, relatively little is known about the associated morphologic and molecular changes in the peripheral lung of patients who die from Covid-19. We examined 7 lungs obtained during autopsy from patients who died from Covid-19 and compared them with 7 lungs obtained during autopsy from patients who died from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to influenza A(H1N1) infection and 10 age-matched, uninfected control lungs. The lungs were studied with the use of seven-color immunohistochemical analysis, micro-computed tomographic imaging, scanning electron microscopy, corrosion casting, and direct multiplexed measurement of gene expression. In patients who died from Covid-19-associated or influenza-associated respiratory failure, the histologic pattern in the peripheral lung was diffuse alveolar damage with perivascular T-cell infiltration. The lungs from patients with Covid-19 also showed distinctive vascular features, consisting of severe endothelial injury associated with the presence of intracellular virus and disrupted cell membranes. Histologic analysis of pulmonary vessels in patients with Covid-19 showed widespread thrombosis with microangiopathy. Alveolar capillary microthrombi were 9 times as prevalent in patients with Covid-19 as in patients with influenza (P<0.001). In lungs from patients with Covid-19, the amount of new vessel growth - predominantly through a mechanism of intussusceptive angiogenesis - was 2.7 times as high as that in the lungs from patients with influenza (P<0.001). In our small series, vascular angiogenesis distinguished the pulmonary pathobiology of Covid-19 from that of equally severe influenza virus infection. The universality and clinical implications of our observations require further research to define. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.)."}, {"pmid": 32354807, "pmcid": "PMC7194766", "title": "Video consultations in UK primary care in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Trethewey, Samuel P", "Beck, Kathryn J", "Symonds, Rehan F"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354807", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456767, "title": "Anakinra in COVID-19 therapy: what have we learned from adult-onset Still's disease?", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Bilia, Silvia", "Giannini, Daiana", "Rizzelli, Grazia Maria Luisa", "Tavoni, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456767", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32264791, "pmcid": "PMC7188049", "title": "Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Discovery of ACE2.", "journal": "Circ Res", "authors": ["Gheblawi, Mahmoud", "Wang, Kaiming", "Viveiros, Anissa", "Nguyen, Quynh", "Zhong, Jiu-Chang", "Turner, Anthony J", "Raizada, Mohan K", "Grant, Maria B", "Oudit, Gavin Y"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264791", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) has a multiplicity of physiological roles that revolve around its trivalent function: a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, facilitator of amino acid transport, and the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 receptor. ACE2 is widely expressed, including, in the lungs, cardiovascular system, gut, kidneys, central nervous system, and adipose tissue. ACE2 has recently been identified as the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, the infective agent responsible for coronavirus disease 2019, providing a critical link between immunity, inflammation, ACE2, and cardiovascular disease. Although sharing a close evolutionary relationship with SARS-CoV, the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 differs in several key amino acid residues, allowing for stronger binding affinity with the human ACE2 receptor, which may account for the greater pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. The loss of ACE2 function following binding by SARS-CoV-2 is driven by endocytosis and activation of proteolytic cleavage and processing. The ACE2 system is a critical protective pathway against heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction including, myocardial infarction and hypertension, and against lung disease and diabetes mellitus. The control of gut dysbiosis and vascular permeability by ACE2 has emerged as an essential mechanism of pulmonary hypertension and diabetic cardiovascular complications. Recombinant ACE2, gene-delivery of Ace2, Ang 1-7 analogs, and Mas receptor agonists enhance ACE2 action and serve as potential therapies for disease conditions associated with an activated renin-angiotensin system. rhACE2 (recombinant human ACE2) has completed clinical trials and efficiently lowered or increased plasma angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 levels, respectively. Our review summarizes the progress over the past 20 years, highlighting the critical role of ACE2 as the novel SARS-CoV-2 receptor and as the negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, together with implications for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and associated cardiovascular diseases."}, {"pmid": 32487335, "pmcid": "PMC7255165", "title": "Nasopharyngeal swab collection in the suspicion of Covid-19.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Piras, Antonio", "Rizzo, Davide", "Longoni, Eleonora", "Turra, Nicola", "Urru, Silvana", "Saba, Pier Paolo", "Musumano, Lucia", "Bussu, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487335", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA on nasopharyngeal swab is the standard for diagnosing active Covid-19 disease in asymptomatic subjects and in symptomatic patients without the typical radiological findings. Nasopharyngeal swabbing appears a trivial procedure, still an inappropriate nasopharyngeal sampling, performed by untrained operators, can be a relevant cause of false negative findings with a clear negative impact on the effort to control the epidemic and, when PPE is not properly used, this can expose healthcare workers and patients to risks of contagion."}, {"pmid": 32448039, "title": "In-silico strategies for probing chloroquine based inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Beura, Satyajit", "Chetti, Prabhakar"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448039", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global health emergency of novel COVID-19 is due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently there are no approved drugs for the treatment of coronaviral disease (COVID-19), although some of the drugs have been tried. Chloroquine is being widely used in treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hydroxychloroquine, the derivative of Chloroquine shows better inhibition than Chloroquine and has in\u00a0vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 also used to treat COVID-19. To study the interactions of Chloroquine and derivatives of Chloroquine with SARS-CoV-2, series of computational approaches like pharmacophore model, molecular docking, MM_GBSA study and ADME property analysis are explored. The pharmacophore model and molecular docking study are used to explore the structural properties of the compounds and the ligand-receptor (PDB_ID: 6LU7) interactions respectively. MM_GBSA study gives the binding free energy of the protein-ligand complex and ADME property analysis explains the pharmacological property of the compounds. The resultant best molecule (CQD15) further subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study which explains the protein stability (RMSD), ligand properties as well as protein-ligand contacts. Outcomes of the present study conclude with the molecule CQD15 which shows better interactions for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison to Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32474656, "pmcid": "PMC7261208", "title": "Low Cost Homemade System to Disinfect Food Items from SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Debnath, Sushanta"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474656", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425005, "pmcid": "PMC7110264", "title": "Dialectical behavior therapy-based psychological intervention for woman in late pregnancy and early postpartum suffering from COVID-19: a case report.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Huang, Jin-Wen", "Zhou, Xiao-Yi", "Lu, Shao-Jia", "Xu, Yi", "Hu, Jian-Bo", "Huang, Man-Li", "Wang, Hua-Fen", "Hu, Chan-Chan", "Li, Shu-Guang", "Chen, Jing-Kai", "Wang, Zhong", "Hu, Shao-Hua", "Wei, Ning"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425005", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of 2019, a new form of pneumonia disease known as the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spread throughout most provinces of China, and the total global number of COVID-19 cases has surpassed 500 000 by Mar. 27, 2020 (WHO, 2020). On Jan. 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global health emergency (WHO, 2020). COVID-19 causes most damage to the respiratory system, leading to pneumonia or breathing difficulties. The confirmed case fatality risk (cCFR) was estimated to be 5% to 8% (Jung et al., 2020). Besides physical pain, COVID-19 also induces psychological distress, with depression, anxiety, and stress affecting the general population, quarantined population, medical staff, and patients at different levels (Kang et al., 2020; Xiang et al., 2020). Previous research on patients in isolation wards highlighted the risk of depressed mood, fear, loneliness, frustration, excessive worries, and insomnia (Abad et al., 2010)."}, {"pmid": 32445279, "pmcid": "PMC7267114", "title": "Diagnostic and prognostic values of cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Suchonwanit, Poonkiat", "Leerunyakul, Kanchana", "Kositkuljorn, Chaninan"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445279", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525005, "title": "Effective block by pirfenidone, an antifibrotic pyridone compound (5-methyl-1-phenylpyridin-2[H-1]-one), on hyperpolarization-activated cation current: An additional but distinctive target.", "journal": "Eur J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Chang, Wei-Ting", "Ragazzi, Eugenio", "Liu, Ping-Yen", "Wu, Sheng-Nan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525005", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pirfenidone (PFD), a pyridone compound, is well recognized as an antifibrotic agent tailored for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, PFD based clinical trial has also been launched for the treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). To what extent this drug can perturb membrane ion currents remains largely unknown. Herein, the exposure to PFD was observed to depress the amplitude of hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih) in combination with a considerable slowing in the activation time of the current in pituitary GH3 cells. In the continued presence of ivabradine or zatebradine, subsequent application of PFD decreased Ih amplitude further. The presence of PFD resulted in a leftward shift in Ih activation curve without changes in the gating charge. The addition of this compound also led to a reduction in area of voltage-dependent hysteresis evoked by long-lasting inverted triangular (downsloping and upsloping) ramp pulse. Neither the amplitude of M-type nor erg-mediated K+ current was altered by its presence. In whole-cell potential recordings, addition of PFD reduced the firing frequency, and this effect was accompanied by the depression in the amplitude of sag voltage elicited by hyperpolarizing current stimulus. Overall, this study highlights evidence that PFD is capable of perturbing specific ionic currents, revealing a potential additional impact on functional activities of different excitable cells."}, {"pmid": 32105637, "pmcid": "PMC7159053", "title": "Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shi, Heshui", "Han, Xiaoyu", "Jiang, Nanchuan", "Cao, Yukun", "Alwalid, Osamah", "Gu, Jin", "Fan, Yanqing", "Zheng, Chuansheng"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105637", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were successively reported in Wuhan, China. We aimed to describe the CT findings across different timepoints throughout the disease course. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (confirmed by next-generation sequencing or RT-PCR) who were admitted to one of two hospitals in Wuhan and who underwent serial chest CT scans were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were grouped on the basis of the interval between symptom onset and the first CT scan: group 1 (subclinical patients; scans done before symptom onset), group 2 (scans done \u22641 week after symptom onset), group 3 (>1 week to 2 weeks), and group 4 (>2 weeks to 3 weeks). Imaging features and their distribution were analysed and compared across the four groups. 81 patients admitted to hospital between Dec 20, 2019, and Jan 23, 2020, were retrospectively enrolled. The cohort included 42 (52%) men and 39 (48%) women, and the mean age was 49\u00b75 years (SD 11\u00b70). The mean number of involved lung segments was 10\u00b75 (SD 6\u00b74) overall, 2\u00b78 (3\u00b73) in group 1, 11\u00b71 (5\u00b74) in group 2, 13\u00b70 (5\u00b77) in group 3, and 12\u00b71 (5\u00b79) in group 4. The predominant pattern of abnormality observed was bilateral (64 [79%] patients), peripheral (44 [54%]), ill-defined (66 [81%]), and ground-glass opacification (53 [65%]), mainly involving the right lower lobes (225 [27%] of 849 affected segments). In group 1 (n=15), the predominant pattern was unilateral (nine [60%]) and multifocal (eight [53%]) ground-glass opacities (14 [93%]). Lesions quickly evolved to bilateral (19 [90%]), diffuse (11 [52%]) ground-glass opacity predominance (17 [81%]) in group 2 (n=21). Thereafter, the prevalence of ground-glass opacities continued to decrease (17 [57%] of 30 patients in group 3, and five [33%] of 15 in group 4), and consolidation and mixed patterns became more frequent (12 [40%] in group 3, eight [53%] in group 4). COVID-19 pneumonia manifests with chest CT imaging abnormalities, even in asymptomatic patients, with rapid evolution from focal unilateral to diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities that progressed to or co-existed with consolidations within 1-3 weeks. Combining assessment of imaging features with clinical and laboratory findings could facilitate early diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. None."}, {"pmid": 32333222, "pmcid": "PMC7180649", "title": "The genetic sequence, origin, and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Huihui", "Li, Xuemei", "Li, Tao", "Zhang, Shubing", "Wang, Lianzi", "Wu, Xian", "Liu, Jiaqing"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333222", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a new infectious disease that first emerged in Hubei province, China, in December 2019, which was found to be associated with a large seafood and animal market in Wuhan. Airway epithelial cells from infected patients were used to isolate a novel coronavirus, named the SARS-CoV-2, on January 12, 2020, which is the seventh member of the coronavirus family to infect humans. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length genome sequences obtained from infected patients showed that SARS-CoV-2 is similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and uses the same cell entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as SARS-CoV. The possible person-to-person disease rapidly spread to many provinces in China as well as other countries. Without a therapeutic vaccine or specific antiviral drugs, early detection and isolation become essential against novel Coronavirus. In this review, we introduced current diagnostic methods and criteria for the SARS-CoV-2 in China and discuss the advantages and limitations of the current diagnostic methods, including chest imaging and laboratory detection."}, {"pmid": 32424990, "title": "Martini-Klinik experience on prostate cancer surgery during the early phase of COVID-19.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Wurnschimmel, Christoph", "Maurer, Tobias", "Knipper, Sophie", "von Breunig, Franziska", "Zoellner, Christian", "Thederan, Imke", "Huland, Hartwig", "Graefen, Markus", "Michl, Uwe"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424990", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In order to restrain an uncontrolled spread of the 2019 Coronavirus-Disease (COVID-19) and to provide sufficient intensive-care unit (ICU) capacity, medical specializations needed to develop new routines and risk-strategy protocols. Those restrictions have also impacted the urologic community. Several medical organisations developed specific information-hubs, blogs and resource centers on how to tackle the COVID-19 situation (1-3). Although the German Society of Urology (\"DGU\") has published a recommendation to evaluate the need for a timely therapy in prostate cancer (PCa) patients according to D'Amico risk groups on the 2nd of April 2020, up to now no compulsory directives exist regarding omitting radical prostatectomy (RP) during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32419854, "pmcid": "PMC7221278", "title": "Coronavirus in pregnancy. What we know so far?", "journal": "Maedica (Buchar)", "authors": ["Anca Marina, Ciobanu", "Gheorghe, Peltecu", "Anca Maria, Panaitescu"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419854", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are a group of viruses which, even if they are affecting mainly mammals and birds, could be transmitted to humans, generating common cold. The new virus strain is named SARS-CoV-2 and has 85% sequence similarity to SARS-CoV. Until now, it has caused more than 100 000 confirmed cases of infection and almost 5000 deaths, having a mortality rate of 4%. All information (symptoms, signs, management, complications) are taken from the other pandemic infections (SARS, MERS). Information about viral infection concerning pregnant women are limited and are common to other SARS infections. There are very few cases of pregnant patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and studies are ongoing."}, {"pmid": 32506609, "title": "Virtual Conferences of dermatology during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Goldust, Mohamad", "Shivakumar, Swathi", "Kroumpouzos, George", "Murrell, Dedee F", "Rudnicka, Lidia", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Navarini, Alexander A"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506609", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422229, "pmcid": "PMC7228873", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on cardiology and its subspecialty training.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Goel, Sunny", "Sharma, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422229", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507401, "title": "Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: Current status and management practices.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Alandijany, Thamir A", "Faizo, Arwa A", "Azhar, Esam I"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507401", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently a global threat to human population. The numbers of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 are escalating daily, putting health care systems worldwide under tremendous pressure. Policymakers in the affected countries have adopted varying strategies to deal with this crisis. As a result, the current COVID-19 status in terms of number of cases and deaths hugely varies between countries. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have managed to limit the massive spread of the infection among their populations by implementing proactive plans and timely decisions in response to COVID-19 outbreak; measures taken included suspension of flights, closure of educational institutes, curfew and lockdown of major cities, and provision of free-of-charge healthcare to patients. This review summarizes the COVID-19 status as of 18 May 2020 and highlights prevention and control measures applied in the GCC countries."}, {"pmid": 32422209, "pmcid": "PMC7229473", "title": "Are Gastrointestinal Symptoms Specific for COVID-19 Infection? A Prospective Case-Control Study from the United States.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Chen, Alan", "Agarwal, Amol", "Ravindran, Nishal", "To, Chau", "Zhang, Talan", "Thuluvath, Paul J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422209", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221118, "pmcid": "PMC7188059", "title": "Minimally Invasive Surgery and the Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Lessons Learned in China and Italy.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Zheng, Min Hua", "Boni, Luigi", "Fingerhut, Abe"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221118", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299328, "title": "Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): What You Need to Know.", "journal": "Workplace Health Saf", "authors": ["Carver, Pamela E", "Phillips, Jennan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299328", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Much remains unknown about COVID-19. Occupational health nurses must use reliable sources to control misinformation and prevent widespread panic."}, {"pmid": 32482418, "pmcid": "PMC7205732", "title": "Research during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: To \"Preprint\" or not to \"Preprint\", that is the question.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Mayo-Yanez, Miguel"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482418", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456769, "title": "Early tocilizumab treatment could improve survival among COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Campins, Lluis", "Boixeda, Ramon", "Perez-Cordon, Laia", "Aranega, Raquel", "Lopera, Carlos", "Force, Lluis"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456769", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407585, "pmcid": "PMC7273082", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urological practice in emergency departments in Italy.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Novara, Giacomo", "Bartoletti, Riccardo", "Crestani, Alessandro", "De Nunzio, Cosimo", "Durante, Jacopo", "Gregori, Andrea", "Liguori, Giovanni", "Pavan, Nicola", "Trombetta, Carlo", "Simonato, Alchiede", "Tubaro, Andrea", "Ficarra, Vincenzo", "Porpiglia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407585", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460524, "title": "Make Your Pitch: A Flexible Assignment for Engaging Students in Aging.", "journal": "Int J Aging Hum Dev", "authors": ["Goedereis, Eric A", "Gray-Graves, Amy"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460524", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given trends in local, national, and global demographics, a need exists for educators in fields that serve older adults to provide innovative and engaging assignments that are relevant and applicable to the diverse contexts in which students are likely to find themselves as they pursue their careers. This article discusses a novel \"elevator pitch\" assignment that could be implemented in a number of ways to fit a variety of pedagogical methods and courses and further tailored to serve the needs of diverse student populations. For those working to actively and successfully recruit, train, and retain students in fields that serve older adults, such flexibility of assignments and delivery are likely to be acutely important as institutions, instructors, and students continue to adapt to rapidly changing developments such as those imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32427334, "title": "Detection of Nucleocapsid Antibody to SARS-CoV-2 is More Sensitive than Antibody to Spike Protein in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Burbelo, Peter D", "Riedo, Francis X", "Morishima, Chihiro", "Rawlings, Stephen", "Smith, Davey", "Das, Sanchita", "Strich, Jeffrey R", "Chertow, Daniel S", "Davey, Richard T", "Cohen, Jeffrey I"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427334", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is associated with respiratory-related morbidity and mortality. Assays to detect virus-specific antibodies are important to understand the prevalence of infection and the course of the immune response. Quantitative measurements of plasma or serum antibodies by luciferase immunoprecipitation assay systems (LIPS) to the nucleocapsid and spike proteins were analyzed in 100 cross-sectional or longitudinal samples from SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. A subset of samples was tested with and without heat inactivation. Fifteen or more days after symptom onset, antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while antibodies to spike protein were detected with 91% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Neither antibody levels nor the rate of seropositivity were significantly reduced by heat inactivation of samples. Analysis of daily samples from six patients with COVID-19 showed anti-nucleocapsid and spike antibodies appearing between day 8 and day 14 after initial symptoms. Immunocompromised patients generally had a delayed antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 compared to immunocompetent patients. Antibody to the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 is more sensitive than spike protein antibody for detecting early infection. Analyzing heat-inactivated samples by LIPS is a safe and sensitive method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies."}, {"pmid": 32472403, "pmcid": "PMC7259429", "title": "Perspectives from Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic: nationwide survey-based focus on minimally invasive HPB surgery.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Aldrighetti, Luca", "Boggi, Ugo", "Falconi, Massimo", "Giuliante, Felice", "Cipriani, Federica", "Ratti, Francesca", "Torzilli, Guido"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472403", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The safety of minimally invasive procedures during COVID pandemic remains hotly debated, especially in a country, like Italy, where minimally invasive techniques have progressively and pervasively entered clinical practice, in both the hepatobiliary and pancreatic community. A nationwide snapshot of the management of HPB minimally invasive surgery activity during COVID-19 pandemic is provided: a survey was developed and conducted within AICEP (Italian Association of HepatoBilioPancreatic Surgeons) with the final aim of conveying the experience, knowledge, and opinions into a unitary report enabling more efficient crisis management. Results from the survey (81 respondents) show that, in Italian hospitals, minimally invasive surgery maintains its role despite the COVID-19 pandemic, with the registered reduction of cases being proportional to the overall reduction of the HPB surgical activity. Respondents agree that the switch from minimally invasive to open technique can be considered as a valid option for cases with a high technical complexity. Several issues merit specific attention: screening for virus positivity should be universally performed; only expert surgical teams should operate on positive patients and specific technical measures to lower the biological risk of contamination during surgery must be followed. Future studies specifically designed to establish the true risks in minimally invasive surgery are suggested. Furthermore, a standard and univocal process of prioritization of patients from Regional Healthcare Systems is advisable."}, {"pmid": 32287805, "pmcid": "PMC7130578", "title": "Parallel problems.", "journal": "New Sci", "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287805", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our fight against climate change offers useful lessons for tackling the coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32171055, "pmcid": "PMC7104043", "title": "Can Nigeria contain the COVID-19 outbreak using lessons from recent epidemics?", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Ebenso, Bassey", "Otu, Akaninyene"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171055", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407706, "pmcid": "PMC7219427", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: A New Song Recalls an Old Melody.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Subbarao, Kanta"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407706", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The viruses causing the SARS outbreak of 2002-2003 and current COVID-19 pandemic are related betacoronaviruses. What insights were learned from SARS that can inform SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development? Focusing on important lessons from SARS vaccine development and two SARS vaccines evaluated in humans may guide SARS-CoV-2 vaccine design, testing, and implementation."}, {"pmid": 32525374, "title": "Living under the shadow of a pandemic: The psychological challenges underlying social distancing and awareness raising.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Zaidi, Aelia", "Ali, Amena Zehra"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525374", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The efforts of containing the novel virus (COVID-19) have now begun to show signs of psychological impact on societies across the globe. Social distancing and awareness campaigns can be double-edged sword, if handled inadequately. Herein, authors have shed light on the favorable and unfavorable aspects of living under lockdown. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32203366, "title": "The coronavirus pandemic in five powerful charts.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen", "Cyranoski, David", "Mallapaty, Smriti", "Stoye, Emma", "Tollefson, Jeff"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203366", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497691, "pmcid": "PMC7263222", "title": "A Potential Hidden Reservoir: The Role of Nail Hygiene in Preventing Transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Wu, Albert G", "Lipner, Shari R"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497691", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453687, "title": "Position paper on the preparation of immune plasma to be used in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Accorsi, Patrizia", "Berti, Pierluigi", "de Angelis, Vincenzo", "De Silvestro, Giustina", "Mascaretti, Luca", "Ostuni, Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453687", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Passive immunotherapy with plasma derived from convalescent patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection can be a promising approach in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. It is important that blood establishments are ready to satisfy requests for immune plasma by defining the requirements applicable to plasma donors and the standards for preparation, qualification, storage, distribution, and control of product use. This Position paper aims to give recommendations on the biological characteristics of a plasma preparation from convalescent donors and to support the evaluation of this therapeutic approach in more rigorous investigations."}, {"pmid": 32496534, "title": "Letter: Thrombotic Neurovascular Disease in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Sweid, Ahmad", "Hammoud, Batoul", "Weinberg, Joshua H", "Oneissi, Mazen", "Raz, Eytan", "Shapiro, Maksim", "DePrince, Maureen", "Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula", "Gooch, Michael R", "Herial, Nabeel A", "Zarzour, Hekmat", "Romo, Victor", "Rosenwasser, Robert H", "Jabbour, Pascal"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496534", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396655, "pmcid": "PMC7262012", "title": "Dermatological procedures amidst Covid-19: when and how to resume.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Jindal, Anuradha", "Noronha, Malcom", "Mysore, Venkataram"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396655", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of covid-19 has captivated more than 3 Million people across the globe affecting the dermatology practice as well. Due to the novel nature of the virus and concomitant lack of research, standard guidelines have not been set in place regarding the procedures. Currently, due to fear and spread of coronavirus aesthetic practice has taken a seat back. Dermatologic surgeon/aesthetician have to be prepared for the forthcoming alterations in the practice and adjust to the necessary precautionary methods. This articles aims to prepare dermatologist for the upcoming difficulties and precautions to be taken for conducting procedures in amidst of coronavirus. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32502442, "pmcid": "PMC7266589", "title": "COVID-19 and cancer care in Bermuda.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Fosker, Christopher"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347942, "pmcid": "PMC7197540", "title": "Letter: Surgical Management of Brain Tumor Patients in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Zacharia, Brad E", "Eichberg, Daniel G", "Ivan, Michael E", "Hanft, Simon", "Boockvar, John A", "Isildak, Huseyin", "Mansouri, Alireza", "Komotar, Ricardo J", "D'Amico, Randy S"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405126, "pmcid": "PMC7219351", "title": "Putting a balance on the aerosolization debate around SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Dancer, S J", "Tang, J W", "Marr, L C", "Miller, S", "Morawska, L", "Jimenez, J L"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426065, "pmcid": "PMC7229725", "title": "Telemedicine in the era of COVID-19: a neurosurgical perspective.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Blue, Rachel", "Yang, Andrew I", "Zhou, Cecilia", "De Ravin, Emma", "Teng, Clare W", "Arguelles, Gabriel R", "Huang, Vincent", "Wathen, Connor", "Miranda, Stephen P", "Marcotte, Paul", "Malhotra, Neil R", "Welch, William C", "Lee, John Yk"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426065", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the substantial growth of telemedicine and the evidence of its advantages, utilization of telemedicine in neurosurgery has been limited. Barriers have included medicolegal issues surrounding provider reimbursement, interstate licensure, and malpractice liability as well as technological challenges. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has limited typical evaluation of patients with neurological issues and resulted in a surge in demand for virtual medical visits. Meanwhile, federal and state governments took action to facilitate the rapid implementation of telehealth programs, placing a temporary lift on medicolegal barriers that had previously limited its expansion. This created a unique opportunity for widespread telehealth use to meet the surge in demand for remote medical care. After initial hurdles and challenges, our experience with telemedicine in neurosurgery at Penn Medicine has been overall positive from both the provider and the patients' perspective. One of the unique challenges we face is guiding patients to appropriately set up devices in a way that enables an effective neuro exam. However, we argue that an accurate and comprehensive neurologic exam can be conducted through a telemedicine platform, despite minor weaknesses inherent to absence of physical presence. Additionally, certain neurosurgical visits such as post-operative checks, vascular pathology, and brain tumors inherently lend themselves to easier evaluation through telehealth visits. In the era of COVID-19 and beyond, telemedicine remains a promising and effective approach to continue neurologic patient care."}, {"pmid": 32398429, "pmcid": "PMC7219845", "title": "A response to: Determining Urgent/Emergent status of Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopic Procedures in an Ambulatory Care Setting during the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Hagan, Katherine B", "Raju, Gottumukkala", "Carlson, Richard", "Gottumukkala, Vijaya"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398429", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494321, "pmcid": "PMC7239593", "title": "Let Us Aggressively Confront the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Cardiol Res", "authors": ["Somberg, John"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494321", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31981224, "pmcid": "PMC7166547", "title": "Coronavirus infections and immune responses.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Geng", "Fan, Yaohua", "Lai, Yanni", "Han, Tiantian", "Li, Zonghui", "Zhou, Peiwen", "Pan, Pan", "Wang, Wenbiao", "Hu, Dingwen", "Liu, Xiaohong", "Zhang, Qiwei", "Wu, Jianguo"], "date": "2020-01-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31981224", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are by far the largest group of known positive-sense RNA viruses having an extensive range of natural hosts. In the past few decades, newly evolved Coronaviruses have posed a global threat to public health. The immune response is essential to control and eliminate CoV infections, however, maladjusted immune responses may result in immunopathology and impaired pulmonary gas exchange. Gaining a deeper understanding of the interaction between Coronaviruses and the innate immune systems of the hosts may shed light on the development and persistence of inflammation in the lungs and hopefully can reduce the risk of lung inflammation caused by CoVs. In this review, we provide an update on CoV infections and relevant diseases, particularly the host defense against CoV-induced inflammation of lung tissue, as well as the role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis and clinical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32313847, "pmcid": "PMC7167586", "title": "Time to 'Buddy Up' - Simple Strategies to Support Oncologists During the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Barry, Aisling", "Murphy, Tracy", "Prince, Rebecca", "May, Taymaa", "Zimmermann, Camilla", "Elliott, Mary"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313847", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398894, "pmcid": "PMC7214850", "title": "\"If the virus doesn't kill me...\": socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on rural working people in the Global South.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Franco, Jennifer C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398894", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421334, "pmcid": "PMC7241736", "title": "Potential Sensitivity of Wastewater Monitoring for SARS-CoV-2: Comparison with Norovirus Cases.", "journal": "Environ Sci Technol", "authors": ["Hata, Akihiko", "Honda, Ryo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421334", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437224, "title": "Disparities In Outcomes Among COVID-19 Patients In A Large Health Care System In California.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Azar, Kristen M J", "Shen, Zijun", "Romanelli, Robert J", "Lockhart, Stephen H", "Smits, Kelly", "Robinson, Sarah", "Brown, Stephanie", "Pressman, Alice R"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437224", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic spreads throughout the United States, evidence is mounting that racial and ethnic minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups are bearing a disproportionate burden of illness and death. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of COVID-19 patients at Sutter Health, a large integrated health care system in northern California, to measure potential disparities. We used Sutter's integrated electronic health record to identify adults with suspected and confirmed COVID-19, and used multivariable logistic regression to assess risk of hospitalization, adjusting for known risk factors, such as race/ethnicity, sex, age, health, and socioeconomic variables. We analyzed 1,052 confirmed cases of COVID-19 from January 1-April 8, 2020. Among our findings, we observed that, compared with non-Hispanic white patients, African Americans had 2.7 times the odds of hospitalization, after adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and income. We explore possible explanations for this, including societal factors that either result in barriers to timely access to care or create circumstances in which patients view delaying care as the most sensible option. Our study provides real-world evidence that there are racial and ethnic disparities in the presentation of COVID-19. [Editor's Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the peer-reviewed manuscript. The final edited version will appear in an upcoming issue of Health Affairs.]."}, {"pmid": 32513055, "title": "Comment on \"The Prevalence of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis\".", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Lovato, Andrea", "Antonini, Angelo", "de Filippis, Cosimo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513055", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354565, "pmcid": "PMC7129244", "title": "[Case fatality rate of COVID-19: absence of epidemiological pattern].", "journal": "Gac Sanit", "authors": ["Medeiros de Figueiredo, Alexandre", "Daponte, Antonio", "Moreira Marculino de Figueiredo, Daniela Cristina", "Gil-Garcia, Eugenia", "Kalache, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354565", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Analyze a set of indicators to understand the variability of the evolution and impact of the COVID-19 epidemic in a set of selected countries. Ecological study of a group of countries with more than 200 reported cases. Demographic variables, health expenditure variables, and variables about characteristics of health services were included as explanatory variables. and incidence, mortality and fatality rates have been analyzed as response variables. In addition, a relative fatality index has been created. Data are from international organizations. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to estimate the magnitude of the associations. Number of tests and of medical professionals are associated with a higher incidence rate. Mortality and case fatality rate are not associated with demographic, health expenditure, or health services variables. Differences suggest a general underestimation of the magnitude of the epidemic. Improvement of case identification and effectiveness of epidemiological surveillance systems is necessary."}, {"pmid": 32220865, "title": "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Little, Paul"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220865", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305384, "pmcid": "PMC7160640", "title": "Creation of a vascular surgical hub responding to the COVID-19 emergency: The Italian USL Toscana Centro model.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Chisci, Emiliano", "Masciello, Fabrizio", "Michelagnoli, Stefano"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305384", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Spreading of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy forced health facilities to drastically change their organization to face the overwhelming number of infected patients needing hospitalization. The aim of this paper is to share with all the vascular community the protocol developed by the USL (Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale) Toscana Centro for the reorganization of the Vascular Surgery Unit during the COVID-19 emergency, hoping to help other institutions to face the emergency during the hard weeks coming. The USL Toscana Centro is a public Italian health care institution including four districts (Empoli, Florence, Pistoia, Prato) with 13 different hospitals, serving more than 1,500,000 people in a 5000 km2 area. The USL adopted a protocol of reorganization of the Vascular Surgery Unit during the first difficult weeks of the epidemic, consisting in the creation of a Vascular Hub for urgent cases, with a profound reorganization of activities, wards, surgical operators, operating blocks, and\u00a0intensive care unit\u00a0(ICU) beds. All 13 hospitals are now COVID-19 as the first days of April passed. The San Giovanni di Dio Hospital (Florence) has more than 80 COVID-19 patients in different settings (ICU, medical and surgical ward), which\u00a0at the time of writing is\u00a0almost\u00a0one-third of the total hospital capacity (80/260 beds). It has been identified as the Surgical Hub for urgent vascular COVID-19 cases. Therefore, the elective surgical and office activities were reduced\u00a0by 30% and 80%, respectively, and reserved to priority cases. A corner of the whole operating block, well separate from the remaining operating rooms, was rapidly converted into one operating room and six ICU beds dedicated to COVID patients. The COVID-19 surgical path now includes an emergency room for suspected COVID-19 patients directly connected to an elevator for the transfer of COVID patients in the COVID operating block and dedicated COVID-19 ward and ICU beds. Rapid modification of hospital settings, a certain \"flexibility\" of the medical personnel, a stepwise shutdown of vascular surgical and office activity, and the necessity of a strong leadership are mandatory to cope with the tsunami of the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32412515, "title": "Recommendations for the management of critically ill adult patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Gac Med Mex", "authors": ["Namendys-Silva, Silvio A", "Dominguez-Cherit, Guillermo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412515", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Except for pregnant women, the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 during the pandemic includes the standard procedures that are used for any patient that requires to be attended to at the intensive care unit, as well as limited administration of crystalloid solutions, orotracheal intubation, invasive mechanical ventilation in the event of patient clinical deterioration, and muscle relaxants continuous infusion only if necessary. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation and high-flow oxygen therapy are not recommended due to the generation of aerosol (associated with risk of viral spread among health personnel), and neither is extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or the use of steroids. So far, there is no specific antiviral treatment for patients with COVID-19, and neither are there results of controlled trials supporting the use of any."}, {"pmid": 32146924, "pmcid": "PMC7129403", "title": "Toning down the 2019-nCoV media hype-and restoring hope.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Hui, David S", "Ntoumi, Francine", "Maeurer, Markus", "Zumla, Alimuddin"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32146924", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277386, "pmcid": "PMC7145935", "title": "\"Fast, faster, and fastest: science on the run during COVID-19 drama\"-\"do not forget the liver\".", "journal": "Hepatol Int", "authors": ["Sarin, S K"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277386", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224277, "pmcid": "PMC7156805", "title": "COVID-19 and immunomodulator/immunosuppressant use in dermatology.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Price, Kyla N", "Frew, John W", "Hsiao, Jennifer L", "Shi, Vivian Y"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224277", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473661, "pmcid": "PMC7255708", "title": "COVID-19 and the difficulty of inferring epidemiological parameters from clinical data.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wood, Simon N", "Wit, Ernst C", "Fasiolo, Matteo", "Green, Peter J"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473661", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404786, "title": "Clinical Analysis of 25 Novel Coronavirus Infections in Children.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Bai, Ke", "Liu, Wenjun", "Liu, Chengjun", "Fu, Yueqiang", "Hu, Jun", "Qin, Yanran", "Zhang, Qiaoying", "Chen, Hongyan", "Xu, Feng", "Li, Changda"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404786", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the characteristics of clinical manifestations of children with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in Chongqing. All 25 children with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RNA-PCR) were admitted from the 4 designated treatment hospitals of 2019-nCoV in Chongqing from January 19 to March 12, 2020. Clinical data and epidemiological history of these patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The diagnosis was confirmed through RNA-PCR testing. Among the 25 cases, 14 were males and 11 were females. The median age was 11.0 (6.3-14.5) years (range 0.6-17.0 years). All children were related to a family cluster outbreak, and 7 children (28%) with a travel or residence history in Hubei Province. These patients could be categorized into different clinical types, including 8 (32%) asymptomatic, 4 (16%) very mild cases and 13 (52%) common cases. No severe or critical cases were identified. The most common symptoms were cough (13 cases, 52%) and fever (6 cases, 24%). The duration time of clinical symptoms was 13.0 (8.0-25.0) days. In the 25 cases, on admission, 21 cases (84%) had normal white blood cell counts, while only 2 cases (8%) more than 10 \u00d7 10/L and 2 cases (8%) less than 4 \u00d7 10/L, respectively; 22 cases(88%) had normal CD4+ T lymphocyte counts, while in the remaining 3 cases(8%) this increased mildly; 23 cases had normal CD8+ T lymphocyte counts, while in the remaining 2 cases (8%) CD8+ T lymphocyte counts were mildly increased as well. All Lymphocyte counts were normal. There were no statistical differences of lab results between the groups of asymptomatic cases, mild cases and common cases. There were only 13 cases with abnormal CT imaging, most of which were located in the subpleural area of the bottom of the lung. All patients were treated with interferon, 6 cases combined with Ribavirin, and 12 cases combined with lopinavir or ritonavir. The days from onset to RNA turning negative was 15.20 \u00b1 6.54 days. There was no significant difference of RNA turning negative between the groups of interferon, interferon plus ribavirin and interferon plus lopinavir or ritonavir treatment. All the cases recovered and were discharged from hospital. The morbidity of 2019-nCoV infection in children is lower than in adults and the clinical manifestations and inflammatory biomarkers in children are nonspecific and milder than that in adults. RNA-PCR test is still the most reliable diagnostic method, especially for asymptomatic patients."}, {"pmid": 32276721, "pmcid": "PMC7141474", "title": "Ethical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Dent Assoc", "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276721", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327411, "title": "Covid-19: New government study aims to track infection and immunity in population.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327411", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533662, "title": "Pharmaceutical management of the COVID-19 pandemic in a mid-size hospital.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Corregidor-Luna, Laura", "Hidalgo-Correas, Francisco J", "Garcia-Diaz, Benito"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533662", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this article is to report the experience of the Department of\u00a0Hospital Pharmacy of a mid-size hospital during the peak of the COVID-19\u00a0pandemic. The human and material resources available in a mid-size hospital\u00a0were more limited than in larger hospitals of the region. In this article,\u00a0we describe how this Department of Hospital Pharmacy was reorganized\u00a0to meet the increase in activity, the strategies developed and the\u00a0 lessons\u00a0learned for future pandemics.\u00a0The COVID-19 pandemic had a higher\u00a0 impact in Leganes, a city in the\u00a0south of Madrid, with a population of 190,000.\u00a0 In the face of the dramatic\u00a0increase in the proportion of patients attending our\u00a0 hospital between March\u00a0and April 2020, the Severo Ochoa University Hospital\u00a0 increased the number\u00a0of beds by 24.5% and fitted out new premises inside and\u00a0 outside the\u00a0hospital (sports centers). The mean number of patients seen in our\u00a0 Emergency\u00a0Department every day passed from 70-80 to a peak of 286 patients,\u00a0with 652 hospitalized patients.\u00a0The situation of emergency created by\u00a0 this infectious disease, with management\u00a0protocols changing constantly, had a\u00a0 dramatic impact on the activity\u00a0of hospital pharmacies. Thus, the pandemic has\u00a0 affected areas of economic\u00a0management, magistral preparation, dispensing of\u00a0 medication to inpatients,\u00a0ambulatory patients, patients monitored at home,\u00a0 institutionalized patients,\u00a0and patients from private hospitals and field hospitals.\u00a0 Other areas affected\u00a0include training, clinical trials, pharmacovigilance, and\u00a0 counseling boards.\u00a0Two strategies were adopted to overcome these problems: a\u00a0 strategy\u00a0centered on human resources (staff reinforcement, reallocation of\u00a0 responsibilities),\u00a0and a strategy centered on processes (some processes were\u00a0 reinforced\u00a0to meet the increase in activity, whereas other were temporarily\u00a0suspended or reduced to the minimum).Conclusions: The Department of Hospital Pharmacy plays a key role\u00a0 in\u00a0hospitals and has been significantly reinforced to meet the dramatic impact\u00a0of\u00a0 the pandemic on this service. This Department has been able to reorganize\u00a0its\u00a0 processes and take over new responsibilities such as telepharmacy\u00a0and home\u00a0 dispensing. Hospital pharmacies play a crucial role in\u00a0 pharmacotherapeutic\u00a0decisions in hospitals. As in other Departments, training is\u00a0 the\u00a0area more significantly affected by the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32307717, "pmcid": "PMC7235488", "title": "COVID-19 diagnosis does not rule out other concomitant diseases.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Borghetti, Alberto", "Ciccullo, Arturo", "Visconti, Elena", "Tamburrini, Enrica", "Di Giambenedetto, Simona"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307717", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399261, "pmcid": "PMC7204939", "title": "COVID-19: time for paradigm shift in the nexus between local, national and global health.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Paul, Elisabeth", "Brown, Garrett W", "Ridde, Valery"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399261", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523150, "title": "Potential pro-arrhythmic effects of pharmacotherapy against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Medeiros-Domingo, Argelia", "Carrasco, Omar F", "Berni-Betancourt, Ana"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523150", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic caused by the SARS-COV-2 or COVID-19 virus has been a global challenge given its high rate of transmission and lack of effective therapy or vaccine. This scenario has led to the use of various drugs that have demonstrated a potential effect against the virus in vitro. However, time has not been enough to properly evaluate their clinical effectiveness. The use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and antiviral treatment and has been proposed by various groups, supported by in-vitro studies and limited patient series, without the adequate scientific rigor that precedes drug prescription. Although it may represent the only hope for many patients, it is important to know the main adverse effects associated with the use of these drugs and to better select patients who may benefit from them."}, {"pmid": 32440384, "pmcid": "PMC7237167", "title": "Personal Protective Equipment N95 Facemask Shortage Quick Fix: The Modified Airway From VEntilatoR Circuit (MAVerIC).", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Convissar, David", "Berra, Lorenzo", "Chang, Marvin G", "Bittner, Edward A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440384", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are in a crisis where healthcare providers on the frontlines are running out of the appropriate personal protective equipment including N95 masks and power air-purifying respirators.\u00a0Here, we propose a makeshift filter mask that we call the Modified Airway from VEntilatoR Circuit (MAVerIC) that can be assembled within seconds using widely available supplies routinely utilized by anesthesia providers in the operating room to provide practitioners on the frontlines with the high standard of protection of a N95 mask during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and can be easily quantitatively \"fit tested\" to ensure no significant leak to optimize safety and efficacy."}, {"pmid": 32500942, "title": "Outcome of COVID-19 in Liver Transplant Recipients: a Preliminary Report from Northwestern Italy.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Patrono, Damiano", "Lupo, Francesco", "Canta, Francesca", "Mazza, Elena", "Mirabella, Stefano", "Corcione, Silvia", "Tandoi, Francesco", "De Rosa, Francesco Giuseppe", "Romagnoli, Renato"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500942", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 pandemic is deeply affecting transplant activity worldwide. It is unclear whether solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of developing severe complications and how they should be managed, also concerning immunosuppression. This is a report about the course and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients from a single center in Northwestern Italy in the period March-April 2020. Three patients who were treated at our Institution are reported in details, whereas summary data are provided for those managed at peripheral Hospitals. Presentation varied from asymptomatic to rapidly progressive respiratory failure due to bilateral interstitial pneumonia. Accordingly, treatment and changes to immunosuppression were adapted to the severity of the disease. Overall mortality was 20%, whereas Covid-related mortality was 10%. Two cases of prolonged (> 2 months) viral carriage were observed in two asymptomatic patients who contracted the infection in the early course after transplant. Besides depicting Covid-19 course and possible treatment scenarios in liver transplant patients, these cases are discussed in relation to the changes in our practice prompted by Covid-19 epidemic, with potential implications for other transplant programs."}, {"pmid": 32114746, "title": "[Drug interaction monitoring of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 patients with cancer].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zheng, X W", "Tao, G", "Zhang, Y W", "Yang, G N", "Huang, P"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114746", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470238, "title": "Taste and smell as chemosensory dysfunctions in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Am J Dent", "authors": ["Passarelli, Pier Carmine", "Lopez, Michele Antonio", "Mastandrea Bonaviri, Giuseppe Niccolo", "Garcia-Godoy, Franklin", "D'Addona, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470238", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To review the literature on the presence of two clinical manifestations in patients presenting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: loss of taste (ageusia) and loss of smell (anosmia). PubMed and EMBASE were searched and studies were selected starting from November, 2019 until April 2020; also, the references of the selected articles were evaluated for methodological quality. Of the 19 studies analyzed, five were included to evaluate the presence of ageusia and/or anosmia as symptoms in patients who were tested and resulted positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In a total of 10,818 patients, 8,823 presented ageusia (81.6%; range 5.6%-88%) and 8,088 presented anosmia (74.8%; range 5.1-85.6%). Only one study recorded both symptoms with a percentage of 18.6%. This systematic review demonstrated significant presence of ageusia and anosmia in the patients with COVID-19 infection. These symptoms may be considered as the first manifestation of the infection."}, {"pmid": 32287799, "pmcid": "PMC7131061", "title": "Drug trials under way.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Klein, Alice"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287799", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We'll soon know if covid-19 can be treated with drugs developed for HIV and Ebola, reports Alice Klein."}, {"pmid": 32215579, "title": "Can SARS-CoV-2 Infection Be Acquired In Utero?: More Definitive Evidence Is Needed.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Kimberlin, David W", "Stagno, Sergio"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215579", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334164, "pmcid": "PMC7169881", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and environmental pollution: A blessing in disguise?", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Muhammad, Sulaman", "Long, Xingle", "Salman, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334164", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late 2019, a novel infectious disease with human to human transmission (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan China, which now has turned into a global pandemic. Countries all over the world have implemented some sort of lockdown to slow down its infection and mitigate it. Lockdown due to COVID-19 has drastic effects on social and economic fronts. However, this lockdown also has some positive effect on natural environment. Recent data released by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and ESA (European Space Agency) indicates that pollution in some of the epicenters of COVID-19 such as Wuhan, Italy, Spain and USA etc. has reduced up to 30%. This study compiled the environmental data released by NASA and ESA before and after the coronavirus pandemic and discusses its impact on environmental quality."}, {"pmid": 32515389, "title": "COVID-19 in children: Epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis and management.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Khan, Ejaz A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515389", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected children, including neonates, who mostly comprise of approximately 2% of total confirmed cases. Most children are asymptomatic or have mild disease and much lower mortality compared to adults for yet unknown reasons. Recovery from illness has largely been universal and <2% have severe disease requiring intensive care. Standardised guidelines from initial studies are now available for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Treatment is mostly supportive with no recommendations for any specific drugs so far. As the pandemic evolves, it is expected that more children will be diagnosed and treated with evolving newer regimens. Research should now focus on early diagnosis, better drugs for children, intensive care modalities, and a universal vaccine. New developments will help in better prevention asides from the other precautionary measures already being practiced."}, {"pmid": 32346357, "pmcid": "PMC7186762", "title": "[Commentary: risk of COVID-19 infection during administration of nebulized treatment].", "journal": "Notf Rett Med", "authors": ["Schmitz, A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346357", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515728, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemonium pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Woodcock, Barry G"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515728", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237300, "title": "COVID-19 From a Psychiatry Perspective: Meeting the Challenges.", "journal": "J Clin Psychiatry", "authors": ["Freeman, Marlene P"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237300", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501535, "title": "Identification of nsp1 gene as the target of SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR using nanopore whole genome sequencing.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chan, Wan-Mui", "Ip, Jonathan Daniel", "Chu, Allen Wing-Ho", "Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "Lo, Lap-Sum", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Ng, Anthony Chin-Ki", "Poon, Rosana Wing-Shan", "To, Wing-Kin", "Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin", "Leung, Wai-Shing", "Kwan, Mike Yat-Wah", "Chua, Gilbert T", "Chung, Tom Wai-Hin", "Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai", "Kok, Kin-Hang", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501535", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 using molecular assays is critical for patient management and the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is an increasing number of SARS-CoV-2 viruses with mutations at the primer or probe binding sites, and these mutations may affect the sensitivity of currently available real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays targeting the N, E, and ORF1a/b genes. Using sequence-independent single-primer amplification (SISPA) and nanopore whole-genome sequencing, we have found that the nsp1 gene, located at the 5' end of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, was highly expressed in the nasopharyngeal or saliva specimens of 9 COVID-19 patients of different clinical severity. Based on this finding, we have developed a novel nsp1 real-time RT-PCR assay. The primers and probes are highly specific for SARS-CoV-2. Validation with 101 clinical specimens showed that our nsp1 RT-PCR assay has a sensitivity of 93.1% (95% confidence interval, 86.2-97.2%), which was similar to those of N and E gene RT-PCR assays. The diagnostic specificity was 100% (95% CI, 92.9-100%). The addition of nsp1 for multi-target detection of SARS-CoV-2 can avoid false negative results due to mutations at the primers/probes binding sites of currently available RT-PCR assays. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32429774, "title": "Anti-coagulant and anti-platelet therapy in the COVID-19 patient: a best practices quality initiative across a large health system.", "journal": "Hosp Pract (1995)", "authors": ["Watson, Ryan A", "Johnson, Drew M", "Dharia, Robin N", "Merli, Geno J", "Doherty, John U"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429774", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has challenged health-care systems and physicians worldwide to attempt to provide the best care to their patients with an evolving understanding of this unique pathogen. This disease and its worldwide impact have sparked tremendous interest in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical consequences of COVID-19. This accumulating body of evidence has centered around case series and often empiric therapies as controlled trials are just getting underway. What is clear is that patients appear to be at higher risk for thrombotic disease states including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), venous thromboembolism (VTE) such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), or stroke. Patients with underlying cardiovascular disease are also at higher risk for morbidity and mortality if infected. These patients are commonly treated with anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet medications and less commonly thrombolysis during hospitalization, potentially with great benefit but the management of these medications can be difficult in potentially critically ill patients. In an effort to align practice patterns across a\u00a0large health system (Jefferson Health 2,622 staffed inpatient beds and 319 intensive care unit (ICU) beds across 14 facilities), a\u00a0task force was assembled to address the utilization of anti-thrombotic\u00a0and anti-platelet\u00a0therapy in COVID-19 positive or suspected patients. The task force incorporated experts in Cardiology, Vascular Medicine, Hematology, Vascular Surgery, Pharmacy, and Vascular Neurology. Current guidelines, consensus documents, and policy documents from specialty organizations were used to formulate health system recommendations. Our goal is to provide guidance to the utilization of antithrombotic and antiplatelet therapies in patients with known or suspected COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32142938, "pmcid": "PMC7106073", "title": "Nonstructural proteins NS7b and NS8 are likely to be phylogenetically associated with evolution of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Fahmi, Muhamad", "Kubota, Yukihiko", "Ito, Masahiro"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142938", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The seventh novel human infecting Betacoronavirus that causes pneumonia (2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV) originated in Wuhan, China. The evolutionary relationship between 2019-nCoV and the other human respiratory illness-causing coronavirus is not closely related. We sought to characterize the relationship of the translated proteins of 2019-nCoV with other species of Orthocoronavirinae. A phylogenetic tree was constructed from the genome sequences. A cluster tree was developed from the profiles retrieved from the presence and absence of homologs of ten 2019-nCoV proteins. The combined data were used to characterize the relationship of the translated proteins of 2019-nCoV to other species of Orthocoronavirinae. Our analysis reliably suggests that 2019-nCoV is most closely related to BatCoV RaTG13 and belongs to subgenus Sarbecovirus of Betacoronavirus, together with SARS coronavirus and Bat-SARS-like coronavirus. The phylogenetic profiling cluster of homolog proteins of one annotated 2019-nCoV protein against other genome sequences revealed two clades of ten 2019-nCoV proteins. Clade 1 consisted of a group of conserved proteins in Orthocoronavirinae comprising Orf1ab polyprotein, Nucleocapsid protein, Spike glycoprotein, and Membrane protein. Clade 2 comprised six proteins exclusive to Sarbecovirus and Hibecovirus. Two of six Clade 2 nonstructural proteins, NS7b and NS8, were exclusively conserved among 2019-nCoV, BetaCoV_RaTG, and BatSARS-like Cov. NS7b and NS8 have previously been shown to affect immune response signaling in the SARS-CoV experimental model. Thus, we speculated that knowledge of the functional changes in the NS7b and NS8 proteins during evolution may provide important information to explore the human infective property of 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32445083, "pmcid": "PMC7243433", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Management of Patients with Cancer.", "journal": "Target Oncol", "authors": ["Raymond, Eric", "Thieblemont, Catherine", "Alran, Severine", "Faivre, Sandrine"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445083", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) outbreak is having a profound impact on the management of patients with cancer. In this review, we comprehensively investigate the various aspects of cancer care during the pandemic, taking advantage of data generated in Asia and Europe at the frontline of the COVID-19 pandemic spread. Cancer wards have been subjected to several modifications to protect patients and healthcare professionals from COVID-19 infection, while attempting to maintain cancer diagnosis, therapy, and research. In this setting, the management of COVID-19 infected patients with cancer is particularly challenging. We also discuss the direct and potential remote impacts of the global pandemic on the mortality of patients with cancer. As such, the indirect impact of the pandemic on the global economy and the potential consequences in terms of cancer mortality are discussed. As the infection is spreading worldwide, we are obtaining more knowledge on the COVID-19 pandemic consequences that are currently impacting and may continue to further challenge cancer care in several countries."}, {"pmid": 32481423, "title": "Analysis of knowledge bases and research hotspots of coronavirus from the perspective of mapping knowledge domain.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Jia, Qiulei", "Shi, Shuqing", "Yuan, Guozhen", "Shi, Jingjing", "Shi, Shuai", "Hu, Yuanhui"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481423", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses have drawn attention since the beginning of the 21st century. Over the past 17 years, coronaviruses have triggered several outbreaks of epidemic in people, which brought great threats to global public health security. We analyzed the publications on coronavirus with bibliometrics software and qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated the knowledge base and hot topics of coronavirus research from 2003 to 2020. We explored the publications on coronavirus in the Web of Science core collection (WOSCC) from 2003 to 2020. Bibliometric analysis, evaluating knowledge base, and research hotspots were performed based on CiteSpace V (Drexel University, Chaomei Chen). There were a total of 8433 publications of coronavirus. The research on coronavirus boomed when a novel coronavirus triggered outbreaks in people. The leading country was the United States, and the leading institution was the University of Hong Kong. The most productive researchers were: Yuen KY, Drosten C, Baric RS. The keywords analysis showed that SARS-CoV, infection, acute respiratory syndrome, antibody, receptor, and spike protein were research hotspots. The research categories analysis showed that virology, microbiology, veterinary sciences, infectious diseases, and biochemistry and molecular biology were hot research categories. Bibliometric analysis of the literature shows the research on coronavirus boomed when a novel coronavirus triggered outbreaks in people. With the end of the epidemic, the research tended to be cooling. Virus identification, pathogenesis, and coronavirus-mediated diseases attracted much attention. We must continue studying the viruses after an outbreak ended."}, {"pmid": 32298016, "pmcid": "PMC7262329", "title": "Commentary on the management of total laryngectomy patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Hennessy, Max", "Bann, Darrin V", "Patel, Vijay A", "Saadi, Robert", "Krempl, Greg A", "Deschler, Daniel G", "Goyal, Neerav", "Choi, Karen Y"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread across the world, placing unprecedented strain on the health care system. Health care resources including hospital beds, ICUs, as well as personal protective equipment are becoming increasingly rationed and scare commodities. In this environment, the laryngectomee (patient having previously undergone a total laryngectomy) continues to represent a unique patient with unique needs. Given their surgically altered airway, they pose a challenge to manage for the otolaryngologist within the current COVID-19 pandemic. In this brief report, we present special considerations and best practice recommendations in the management of total laryngectomy patients. We also discuss recommendations for laryngectomy patients and minimizing community exposures."}, {"pmid": 32493460, "pmcid": "PMC7267760", "title": "A short, animated video to improve good COVID-19 hygiene practices: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Vandormael, Alain", "Adam, Maya", "Greuel, Merlin", "Barnighausen, Till"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493460", "countries": ["France", "Germany", "Spain", "United Kingdom", "Mexico", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Entertainment-education (E-E) media can improve behavioral intent toward health-related practices. In the era of COVID-19, millions of people can be reached by E-E media without requiring any physical contact. We have designed a short, wordless, animated video about COVID-19 hygiene practices-such as social distancing and frequent hand washing-that can be rapidly distributed through social media channels to a global audience. The E-E video's effectiveness, however, remains unclear. The study aims to achieve the following objectives. To: 1.Quantify people's interest in watching a short, animated video about COVID-19 hygiene (abbreviated to CoVideo).2.Establish the CoVideo's effectiveness in increasing behavioural intent toward COVID-19 hygiene.3.Establish the CoVideo's effectiveness in improving COVID-19 hygiene knowledge. The present study is a multi-site, parallel group, randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effectiveness of the CoVideo against an attention placebo control (APC) video or no video. The trial has an intervention arm (CoVideo), placebo arm (APC), and control arm (no video). Nested in each trial arm is a list experiment and questionnaire survey, with the following ordering. Arm 1: the CoVideo, list experiment, and questionnaire survey. Arm 2: the APC video, list experiment, questionnaire survey, and CoVideo. Arm 3: the list experiment, questionnaire survey, and CoVideo. For each list experiment, participants will be randomized to a control or treatment group. The control group will receive a list of five items and the treatment group will receive the same five items plus one item about COVID-19 hygiene. We will use the list experiment to reduce response bias associated with socially desirable answers to COVID-19 questions. The questionnaire survey will include items about the participant's age, sex, country of residence, highest education, and knowledge of COVID-19 spread. After completing the list experiment and questionnaire survey, participants in Arms 2 and 3 will receive the CoVideo to ensure post-trial access to treatment. This will be an online study setting. We will use Prolific Academic (ProA: https://www.prolific.co) to recruit participants and host our study on the Gorilla\u2122 platform (www.gorilla.sc). To be eligible, participants must be between the age of 18 and 59 years (male, female, or other) and have current residence in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Mexico, or France. Participants will be excluded from the study if they cannot speak English, German, French, or Spanish (since the instructions and survey questions will be available in these 4 languages only). The intervention is an E-E video about COVID-19 hygiene (CoVideo). Developed by our co-author (MA) for Stanford Medicine, the CoVideo is animated with sound effects, and has no words, speech, or text. The CoVideo shows how the novel coronavirus is spread (airborne, physical contact) and summarizes the public's response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Key components of the CoVideo are the promotion of five hygiene practices: i) social distancing and avoiding group gatherings, ii) frequently washing hands with soap and water or sanitizer, iii) cleaning surfaces at home (e.g., kitchen counters), iv) not sharing eating utensils, and v) avoidance of stockpiling essential goods (such as toilet paper and face masks). The CoVideo, which was designed for universal reach and optimized for release on social media channels, can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAj38E7vrS8. The comparators are an APC video (Arm 2) or no video (Arm 3). The APC video is similar in style to the CoVideo; it is also animated with a duration of 2.30 minutes, has sound effects but no words, speech, or text. The video message is about how small choices become actions, which become habits, which become a way of life. It is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HEnohs6yYw. Each list experiment will have a control list as the comparator. The control list is needed to measure the prevalence of behavioral intent toward COVID-19 hygiene. This study will measure primary and secondary outcomes related to COVID-19 hygiene. By hygiene, we mean the adoption of behaviors or practices that reduce the chances of being infected or spreading COVID-19. As our primary outcome, we will measure changes in behavioral intent toward five hygiene practices: social distancing, washing hands, cleaning household surfaces, not sharing eating utensils, and not stockpiling essential goods. As a secondary outcome, we will measure knowledge about behaviors that can prevent the spread of COVID-19. Using a web-based randomization algorithm, Gorilla will randomly allocate participants to the intervention (CoVideo), placebo (APC), or control (no video) arm (sequence generation) at a 1:1:1 ratio. Within each trial arm, Gorilla will randomly allocate participants at a 1:1 ratio to the control or treatment group. Items in the lists will be randomly ordered to avoid order effects. The presentation order of the list experiments will also be randomized. Because ProA handles the interaction between the study investigators and participants, the participants will be completely anonymous to the study investigators. The outcome measures will be self-reported and submitted anonymously. All persons in the study team will be blinded to the group allocation. The Gorilla algorithm will randomize 6,700 participants to each trial arm, giving a total sample size of 20,100. The protocol version number is 1.0 and the date is 18 May 2020. Recruitment is expected to end by 22 June 2020. Thus far, the study investigators have recruited 2,500 participants on ProA. Of these participants, 800 have completed the study on the Gorilla platform. The study and its outcomes were registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (www.drks.de) on May 12th, 2020, protocol number: #DRKS00021582. The study was registered before any data was collected. The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32372767, "pmcid": "PMC7198149", "title": "[COVID 19 and \"Argumentum ad ignorantiam\" or \"not everything goes\"].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Lopez Reboiro, M L", "Sardina Gonzalez, C", "Lopez Castro, J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372767", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496274, "title": "Mechanical Ventilation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Combating the Tsunami of Misinformation From Mainstream and Social Media.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Savel, Richard H", "Shiloh, Ariel L", "Saunders, Paul C", "Kupfer, Yizhak"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496274", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363406, "pmcid": "PMC7197551", "title": "Acute myocardial injury, MINOCA, or myocarditis? Improving characterization of coronavirus-associated myocardial involvement.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Peretto, Giovanni", "Sala, Simone", "Caforio, Alida Linda Patrizia"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363406", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486556, "title": "[Guide for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486556", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China and later the disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) . On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially announced that COVID-19\u00a0had reached global pandemic status. This article summarized the understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention and control measures of COVID-19 based on the available data and anti-epidemic experience in China."}, {"pmid": 32217834, "title": "SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Pedersen, Savannah F", "Ho, Ya-Chi"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217834", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is rapidly spreading across the globe. In this issue of the JCI, Chen and colleagues compared the clinical and immunological characteristics between moderate and severe COVID-19. The authors found that respiratory distress on admission is associated with unfavorable outcomes. Increased cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-\u03b1), lymphopenia (in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), and decreased IFN-\u03b3 expression in CD4+ T cells are associated with severe COVID-19. Overall, this study characterized the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 and provides insights into immune therapeutics and vaccine design."}, {"pmid": 32432955, "title": "Is Biologic Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa During the COVID-19 Pandemic Different from Psoriasis Biologic Treatment?", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Rosi, Elia", "Pimpinelli, Nicola", "Prignano, Francesca"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432955", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31996345, "title": "China coronavirus: partial border closures into Hong Kong are not enough, say doctors.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Parry, Jane"], "date": "2020-01-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31996345", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417123, "pmcid": "PMC7194513", "title": "Convalescent plasma, an apheresis research project targeting and motivating the fully recovered COVID 19 patients: A rousing message of clinical benefit to both donors and recipients alike.", "journal": "Transfus Apher Sci", "authors": ["Seghatchian, J", "Lanza, F"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417123", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This concise manuscript aims to make suggestions for a small step forward in both preventative and therapeutic measures against the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic. This targeted strategy consists of using fully recovered COVID 19 Heroes, that is, brave volunteers, as the source of antibodies in plasma collected by plasmapheresis or affinity column- derived antibodies, both are sterilised and pathogen inactivated for substitution therapy for use in those populations in need of antibody. This include for use in critically ill COVID 19 patients and as a preventative measure, in those at potential risk of infection as no vaccine is yet available. This would be a small step forward, while we are waiting to produce an effective, validated vaccine and witnessing increasing demands for testing and self-isolation which are the two most effective current strategies. In line with this concept, some methodological aspects of the use of the UVC sterilization of FFP/ cryoprecipitate-depleted FFP or immunoglobulins containing neutralizing antibodies for clinical use against COVID-19 are highlighted. The plasmapheresis procedure is, of course, particularly targeted to male donors, who consist of about 75 % of the COVID-19 population and who are able to undergo multiple double, or even triple plasmapheresis procedures. Moreover, as some of these donors have already been in an induced-hypercoagulable state and prone to thrombosis and DVT, this strategy will be partially aimed at improving their health with the use of citrate based anticoagulants and removal of high molecular weight viscous components which contribute to the untoward clinical effects of DVT. Repeated targeted plasmapheresis or plasma exchange of selected COVID-19 positive individuals would undoubtedly lower their state of hypercoagulability and normalize their hypercoagulability. The recipients of such a derived FFP-product would benefit from the two to 3 doses of viral inactivated antibodies, which could neutralize the viral antigens even at very low concentration if present in the early stage. So, this practice would be a double-edged sword with benefits for both donors and recipients."}, {"pmid": 32367288, "pmcid": "PMC7198089", "title": "Slit-lamp evaluation during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: safety first!", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Ruiz-Lozano, Raul E", "Garza-Garza, Lucas A", "Cardenas-de la Garza, Jesus A", "Hernandez-Camarena, Julio C"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259193, "title": "Understanding and Addressing Sources of Anxiety Among Health Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Shanafelt, Tait", "Ripp, Jonathan", "Trockel, Mickey"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259193", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332061, "title": "Clinical Evaluation of Three Sample-To-Answer Platforms for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Zhen, Wei", "Smith, Elizabeth", "Manji, Ryhana", "Schron, Deborah", "Berry, Gregory J"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332061", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now spread across the globe. As part of the worldwide response, many molecular diagnostic platforms have been granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to identify SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Our objective was to evaluate three sample-to-answer molecular diagnostic platforms (Cepheid Xpert\u00ae Xpress SARS-CoV-2 [Xpert Xpress], Abbott ID NOW\u2122 COVID-19 [ID NOW], GenMark ePlex\u00ae SARS-CoV-2 Test [ePlex]) to determine analytical sensitivity, clinical performance, and workflow for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swabs from 108 symptomatic patients. We found that the Xpert Xpress had the lowest limit of detection (100% detection at 100 copies/mL), followed by the ePlex (100% detection at 1,000 copies/mL), and the ID NOW (20,000 copies/mL). The Xpert Xpress also had highest positive percent agreement (PPA) when compared to our reference standard (98.3%) followed by the ePlex (91.4%) and ID now (87.7%). All three assays showed 100% negative percent agreement (NPA). In the workflow analysis, the ID NOW produced the most rapid time to result per specimen (\u223c17 minutes) as compared to the Xpert Xpress (\u223c46 minutes) and the ePlex (\u223c1.5 hours), but what the ID NOW gained in rapid results, it lost in analytical and clinical performance. The ePlex had the longest time to results and showed a slight improvement in PPA over the ID NOW. Information about the clinical and analytical performance of these assays, as well as workflow, will be critical in making informed and timely decisions on testing platform."}, {"pmid": 32474884, "pmcid": "PMC7260451", "title": "Are patients with rheumatologic diseases on chronic immunosuppressive therapy at lower risk of developing severe symptoms when infected with COVID-19?", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Vakil-Gilani, Kiana", "O'Rourke, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474884", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532461, "title": "Effectiveness of corticoid pulses in patients with cytokine storm syndrome induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Callejas Rubio, Jose Luis", "Luna Del Castillo, Juan de Dios", "de la Hera Fernandez, Javier", "Guirao Arrabal, Emilio", "Colmenero Ruiz, Manuel", "Ortego Centeno, Norberto"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532461", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is a serious complication of COVID-19 patients. Treatment is tocilizumab. The use of glucocorticoids (GC) is controversial. In other very similar CSS, such as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and hemophagocytic syndrome (HFS), the main treatment are corticosteroids. Our objective is to evaluate the efficacy of GC in the CSS by COVID-19. We included 92 patients with CSS associated to COVID-19 who received GC, GC, and tocilizumab and only tocilizumab. We determine CSS markers. We evaluated mortality, intubation, and a combined variable. In all cases the percentages of events were lower in the group of patients with GC was administered. The hazard ratio of the final variables with GC versus the group in which only tocilizumab was administered was lower as CGs were considered, with statistical significance for survival. The early use of GC pulses could control SLC, with a lower requirement to use tocilizumab and a decrease in events such as intubation and death."}, {"pmid": 32213700, "title": "Italy in a Time of Emergency and Scarce Resources: The Need for Embedding Ethical Reflection in Social and Clinical Settings.", "journal": "J Clin Ethics", "authors": ["Nicoli, Federico", "Gasparetto, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213700", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 virus is severely testing the Italian healthcare system, as the requests for intensive treatment are greater than the real capacity of the system to receive patients. Given this emergency situation, it follows that citizens are limited in their freedom of movement in order to limit infection, and that in hospitals a significant number of critical situations must be faced. This brief contribution aims to offer a reflection on the public and clinical role of the bioethicist: a figure able to promote dialogue between the world of medicine and the community, and to face ethical dilemmas even in emergent clinical settings."}, {"pmid": 32005657, "title": "Coronavirus shows how UK must act quickly before being shut out of Europe's health protection systems.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Flear, Mark", "de Ruijter, Anniek", "McKee, Martin"], "date": "2020-02-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32005657", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379310, "pmcid": "PMC7239184", "title": "Letter: Safety Considerations for Neurosurgical Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Daci, Rrita", "Natarajan, Sabareesh K", "Johnson, Mark D"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379310", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31953166, "pmcid": "PMC7128332", "title": "The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health - The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hui, David S", "I Azhar, Esam", "Madani, Tariq A", "Ntoumi, Francine", "Kock, Richard", "Dar, Osman", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Mchugh, Timothy D", "Memish, Ziad A", "Drosten, Christian", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Petersen, Eskild"], "date": "2020-01-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31953166", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363229, "pmcid": "PMC7194722", "title": "The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to pets and other wild and domestic animals strongly mandates a one-health strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Leroy, Eric M", "Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg", "Brugere-Picoux, Jeanne"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363229", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402462, "pmcid": "PMC7201242", "title": "Letter to editor regarding Ogen Y 2020 paper: \"Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality\".", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Chudnovsky, Alexandra A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402462", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489666, "pmcid": "PMC7240337", "title": "A 55-year-old COVID-19-positive man managed with self-regulation of high-flow oxygen by high-velocity nasal insufflation therapy.", "journal": "Respirol Case Rep", "authors": ["Ciment, Ari J", "Ciment, Lawrence M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489666", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Management of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients remains both risky and technically challenging. A 55-year-old male COVID-19-positive patient with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), diabetes, and obesity presented with cough and shortness of breath, escalating to requiring high-flow oxygen therapy by high-velocity nasal insufflation. The patient's flow rate and oxygen fraction remained labile throughout much of the hospitalization. This lability required frequent clinician interactions and use of personal protective equipment. The patient was alert and oriented and was instructed on the operation of the high-flow system, specifically the adjustment of both flow rate and oxygen percentage. The patient was instructed to modify oxygen to maintain an SpO2 (peripheral capillary oxygen saturation) target range, and flow rate to address dyspnoea as well as reduction of flow as tolerated when other staff entered the room. The patient was successfully self-regulated for 10\u2009days and was discharged on 2 L/min nasal cannula on day 14 of his illness."}, {"pmid": 32506519, "title": "Geriatric Skin Care in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Golpanian, Rachel Shireen", "Yosipovitch, Gil"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506519", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449555, "title": "Conducting eating disorders research in the time of COVID-19: A survey of researchers in the field.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Weissman, Ruth Striegel", "Klump, Kelly L", "Rose, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449555", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted research around the globe and required shuttering of research programs and the implementation of procedural adjustments to ensure safety. This study sought to document COVID-19's impact on eating disorders (ED) research, which may be particularly susceptible to such disruptions, given its focus on individuals who are physically and emotionally vulnerable. We invited ED researchers from editorial boards and scientific organizations to complete a quantitative/qualitative survey about: COVID-19's current and future impact on ED research; areas of concern about research disruptions; and effective strategies for conducting and supporting research during and after COVID-19. Among 187 participants, many had moved studies online and/or shutdown part of their research. Across position types (permanent, 52.7%; temporary, 47.3%), participants reported high concern about data collection, recruitment, and securing future funding. Those holding temporary positions reported significantly greater concern about COVID-19's impact on their career and greater stress than participants in permanent positions. Strategies for dealing with research disruptions included: employing technology; reprioritizing goals/tasks; and encouraging collaboration. Results underscore the high levels of stress and disruption caused by COVID-19. We echo calls by our respondents for support for early career scholars and advocacy for additional resources for research and scientists."}, {"pmid": 32415918, "title": "Capability, opportunity, and motivation to enact hygienic practices in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United Kingdom.", "journal": "Br J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Gibson Miller, Jilly", "Hartman, Todd K", "Levita, Liat", "Martinez, Anton P", "Mason, Liam", "McBride, Orla", "McKay, Ryan", "Murphy, Jamie", "Shevlin, Mark", "Stocks, Thomas V A", "Bennett, Kate M", "Bentall, Richard P"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415918", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the greatest global health threats facing humanity in recent memory. This study aimed to explore influences on hygienic practices, a set of key transmission behaviours, in relation to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour change (Michie et al., 2011). Data from the first wave of a longitudinal survey study were used, launched in the early stages of the UK COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 2025 adults aged 18 and older, representative of the UK population, recruited by a survey company from a panel of research participants. Participants self-reported motivation, capability, and opportunity to enact hygienic practices during the COVID-19 outbreak. Using regression models, we found that all three COM-B components significantly predicted good hygienic practices, with motivation having the greatest influence on behaviour. Breaking this down further, the subscales psychological capability, social opportunity, and reflective motivation positively influenced behaviour. Reflective motivation was largely driving behaviour, with those highest in reflective motivation scoring 51% more on the measure of hygienic practices compared with those with the lowest scores. Our findings have clear implications for the design of behaviour change interventions to promote hygienic practices. Interventions should focus on increasing and maintaining motivation to act and include elements that promote and maintain social support and knowledge of COVID-19 transmission. Groups in particular need of targeting for interventions to increase hygienic practices are males and those living in cities and suburbs."}, {"pmid": 32313873, "pmcid": "PMC7164906", "title": "How to manage lymphoid malignancies during novel 2019 coronavirus (CoVid-19) outbreak: a Brazilian task force recommendation.", "journal": "Hematol Transfus Cell Ther", "authors": ["Perini, Guilherme Fleury", "Fischer, Thais", "Gaiolla, Rafael Dezen", "Rocha, Talita Bueno", "Bellesso, Marcelo", "Teixeira, Larissa Lane Cardoso", "Delamain, Marcia Torresan", "Scheliga, Adriana Alves de Souza", "Ribeiro, Glaciano Nogueira", "Neto, Jorge Vaz", "Baiocchi, Otavio Cesar Carvalho Guimaraes", "Abdo, Andre Neder Ramires", "Arrais-Rodrigues, Celso", "Fogliatto, Laura M", "Bigni, Ricardo de Sa", "Schaffel, Rony", "Biasoli, Irene", "Pereira, Juliana", "Nabhan, Samir Kanaan", "Souza, Carmino Antonio de", "Chiattone, Carlos Sergio"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313873", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus (CoVid-19) outbreak is now consider a world pandemic, affecting more than 1,300,000 people worldwide. Cancer patients are in risk for severe disease, including a higher risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, need for invasive ventilation or death. Management of patients with lymphoid malignancies can be challenging during the outbreak, due to need of multiple hospital visits and admissions, immunosuppression and need for chemotherapy, radiotherapy and stem cell transplantation. In this article, we will focus on the practical management of patients with lymphoid malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on minimizing the risk for patients."}, {"pmid": 32219627, "pmcid": "PMC7100453", "title": "Development Path and Urgency of further Strengthening Construction of Public Hospitals Based on Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment.", "journal": "Curr Med Sci", "authors": ["Liao, Jia-Zhi", "Wu, Jing"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219627", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in Wuhan, public hospitals have played an important role in intensive care, case guidance and scheme optimization. At the same time, it also faces unprecedented challenges and tests. Based on the treatment of severe patients in Wuhan, combined with the treatment practice in Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, this paper puts forward the urgency of further strengthening the construction of public hospitals, discusses the feasible path for promoting the development of public hospitals, so as to meet the growing medical needs of the people, improve the ability to respond to major public health emergencies, and effectively guarantee the safety of people's lives and the promotion of a healthy China construction."}, {"pmid": 31986264, "pmcid": "PMC7159299", "title": "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Huang, Chaolin", "Wang, Yeming", "Li, Xingwang", "Ren, Lili", "Zhao, Jianping", "Hu, Yi", "Zhang, Li", "Fan, Guohui", "Xu, Jiuyang", "Gu, Xiaoying", "Cheng, Zhenshun", "Yu, Ting", "Xia, Jiaan", "Wei, Yuan", "Wu, Wenjuan", "Xie, Xuelei", "Yin, Wen", "Li, Hui", "Liu, Min", "Xiao, Yan", "Gao, Hong", "Guo, Li", "Xie, Jungang", "Wang, Guangfa", "Jiang, Rongmeng", "Gao, Zhancheng", "Jin, Qi", "Wang, Jianwei", "Cao, Bin"], "date": "2020-01-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31986264", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not. By Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49\u00b70 years (IQR 41\u00b70-58\u00b70). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8\u00b70 days [IQR 5\u00b70-13\u00b70]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF\u03b1. The 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission."}, {"pmid": 32339007, "title": "Discontinuation of antiviral drugs may be the reason for recovered COVID-19 patients testing positive again.", "journal": "Br J Hosp Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Wu, Fanqi", "Zhang, Wenli", "Zhang, Longguo", "Wang, Dan", "Wan, Yixin"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339007", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470151, "title": "The perplexing question of trained immunity versus adaptive memory in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kerboua, Kheir Eddine"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470151", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The wide spectrum of symptoms observed in COVID-19 appears to defy explanation. Apart from geographic limitation to people with prior exposure to other coronaviruses and air pollutants, inflammatory comordidities and older ages are also among the main factors of susceptibility to severe illness. The unusual epidemiological data pointed out in children and African territories have revealed new insights in host-pathogen interplay with more focus on epigenetic regulation of cognitive compartments belonging to innate immunity. Should trained immunity be proven to be involved in timely immune responsiveness against SARS-CoV-2 and that adaptive memory could be detrimental, both treatment regimens and vaccine design will tremendously change accordingly with more focus on upper respiratory tissue innate immunity to subdue this threat underway. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32388938, "title": "[The critical role of environmental hygiene and disinfection in the prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Shi, X M"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388938", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, China has adopted a series of prevention and control measures such as case isolation, close contact tracking management, environmental hygiene improvements, disinfection, and personal protection. At present, China has achieved remarkable results in the control of COVID-19. This article outlines the role of environmental hygiene and disinfection in the prevention and control of COVID-19 and analyzes relevant policies and countermeasures, which has been proved effective and deserved for extensive implementation in this combat. Suggestions are also provided for the further development of this field."}, {"pmid": 32297958, "title": "HLA studies in the context of coronavirus outbreaks.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Sanchez-Mazas, Alicia"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297958", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505222, "title": "Early evidence of pronounced brain involvement in fatal COVID-19 outcomes.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["von Weyhern, Claus Hann", "Kaufmann, Ines", "Neff, Frauke", "Kremer, Marcus"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505222", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293711, "pmcid": "PMC7262358", "title": "Possibly critical role of wearing masks in general population in controlling COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Han, Guangshu", "Zhou, Yi-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293711", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282442, "title": "A Bioethical Perspective for Navigating Moral Dilemmas Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "authors": ["Dunham, Alexandra M", "Rieder, Travis N", "Humbyrd, Casey J"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282442", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has been an unprecedented challenge to healthcare systems and clinicians around the globe. As the virus has spread, critical questions arose about how to best deliver health care in emergency situations where material and personnel resources become scarce. Clinicians who excel at caring for the individual patient at the bedside are now being reoriented into a system where they are being asked to see the collective public as their responsibility. As such, the clinical ethics that clinicians are accustomed to practicing are being modified by a framework of public health ethics defined by the presence of a global pandemic. There are many unknowns about Coronavirus disease 2019, which makes it difficult to provide consistent recommendations and guidelines that uniformly apply to all situations. This lack of consensus leads to the clinicians' confusion and distress. Real-life dilemmas about how to allocate resources and provide care in hotspot cities make explicit the need for careful ethical analysis, but the need runs far deeper than that; even when not trading some lives against others, the responsibilities of both individual clinicians and the broader healthcare system are changing in the face of this crisis."}, {"pmid": 32466598, "title": "Metabolic Impacts of Confinement during the COVID-19 Pandemic Due to Modified Diet and Physical Activity Habits.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Martinez-Ferran, Maria", "de la Guia-Galipienso, Fernando", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian", "Pareja-Galeano, Helios"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466598", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the detrimental effects of a chronic positive energy balance due to a sedentary lifestyle have been well established, the impacts of a short period of abruptly reduced physical activity and overeating arising from strict confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic will soon start to emerge. To reasonably anticipate major consequences according to the available evidence, we hereby review the literature for studies that have explored the health impacts of several weeks of a reduction in physical activity and daily step-count combined with modified eating habits. These studies identify as main metabolic consequences increases in insulin resistance, total body fat, abdominal fat and inflammatory cytokines. All these factors have been strongly associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, which in turn increases the risk of multiple chronic diseases. A plausible mechanism involved in these impacts could be a positive energy balance promoted by maintaining usual dietary intake while reducing energy expenditure. This means that just as calorie intake restriction could help mitigate the deleterious impacts of a bout of physical inactivity, overeating under conditions of home confinement is very likely to exacerbate these consequences. Moreover, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease have been identified as potential risk factors for more severely ill patients with COVID-19. Thus, adequate control of metabolic disorders could be important to reduce the risk of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32525438, "title": "Response to Smith et al.: Telehealth for global emergencies: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Telemed Telecare", "authors": ["Scott, Richard E", "Mars, Maurice"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525438", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}]