[{"pmid": 32451165, "pmcid": "PMC7243757", "title": "Nuclear Medicine in the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol", "authors": ["Conesa, Joan Castell"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451165", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425708, "pmcid": "PMC7229914", "title": "La batalla contra la enfermedad del Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): Manejo de Emergencia y Control de Infecciones en un Departamento de Radiologia.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Huang, Zixing", "Zhao, Shuang", "Li, Zhenlin", "Chen, Weixia", "Zhao, Lihong", "Deng, Lipeng", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425708", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Describir las estrategias, manejo de emergencias y los procedimientos de control de infecciones de nuestro departamento durante el brote de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Creamos un equipo de manejo de emergencias. El equipo estableci\u00f3 varias medidas: Reconfiguraci\u00f3n del flujo de trabajo en el departamento de radiolog\u00eda, distribuci\u00f3n de material de protecci\u00f3n personal y adiestramiento del personal, procedimientos para la obtenci\u00f3n de im\u00e1genes en pacientes sospechosos o confirmados con COVID-19, as\u00ed como para pacientes sin historial de exposici\u00f3n o s\u00edntomas. Aquellos con sospecha o confirmaci\u00f3n de COVID-19 fueron escaneados en una unidad dedicada para ello. ados: Del 21 de enero del 2020 hasta el 9 de marzo del 2020, 3,083 personas con sospecha o confirmaci\u00f3n de COVID-19 recibieron CT de torax. Incluyendo los ex\u00e1menes iniciales y repetidos, el n\u00famero total de CT fue 3,340. Como resultado de nuestras medidas de precauci\u00f3n, ninguno de los miembros del personal del departamento de radiolog\u00eda fue infectado con COVID-19. Las estrategias de planificaci\u00f3n y las protecciones adecuadas pueden ayudar a proteger a los pacientes y al personal contra una enfermedad altamente infecciosa. Y a la misma vez ayudar a mantener la capacidad de atender un volumen alto de pacientes."}, {"pmid": 32511054, "title": "COVID-19 Digital Health Innovation Policy: A Portal to Alternative Futures in the Making.", "journal": "OMICS", "authors": ["Bayram, Mustafa", "Springer, Simon", "Garvey, Colin K", "Ozdemir, Vural"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511054", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\"The pandemic is a portal.\" In the words of the novelist scholar Arundhati Roy, the COVID-19 pandemic is not merely an epic calamity. It has opened up a new space, a portal, to rethink everything, for example, in how we live, work, produce scientific knowledge, provide health care, and relate to others, be they humans or nonhuman animals in planetary ecosystems. Meanwhile, as the intensity of the pandemic escalates, digital health tools such as the Internet of Things (IoT), biosensors, and artificial intelligence (AI) are being deployed to address the twin goals of social distancing and health care in a \"no touch\" emergency state. Permanent integration of digital technologies into every aspect of post-pandemic civic life-health care, disease tracking, education, work, and beyond-is considered by governments and technology actors around the world. Although digital transformation of health care and industry are in the works, we ought to ensure that digital transformation does not degenerate into \"digitalism,\" which we define here as an unchecked and misguided belief on extreme digital connectivity without considering the attendant adverse repercussions on science, human rights, and everyday practices of democracy. Indeed, the current shrinking of the critically informed public policy space amid a devastating pandemic raises principled questions on the broader and long-term impacts that digital technologies will have on democratic governance of planetary health and society. To this end, a wide range of uncertainties-technical, biological, temporal, spatial, and political-is on the COVID-19 pandemic horizon. This calls for astute and anticipatory innovation policies to steer the health sciences and services toward democratic ends. In this article, we describe new and critically informed approaches to democratize COVID-19 digital health innovation policy, especially when the facts are uncertain, the stakes are high, and decisions are urgent, as they often are in the course of a pandemic. In addition, we introduce a potential remedy to democratize pandemic innovation policy, the concept of \"epistemic competence,\" so as to check the frames and framings of the pandemic innovation policy juggernaut and the attendant power asymmetries. We suggest that if epistemic competence, and attention to not only scientific knowledge but also its framing are broadly appreciated, they can help reduce the disparity between the enormous technical progress and investments made in digital health versus our currently inadequate understanding of the societal dimensions of emerging technologies such as AI, IoT, and extreme digital connectivity on the planet."}, {"pmid": 32437623, "title": "Children's Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Boundaries and Etiquette.", "journal": "Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw", "authors": ["Wiederhold, Brenda K"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451362, "pmcid": "PMC7253226", "title": "Do underlying cardiovascular diseases have any impact on hospitalised patients with COVID-19?", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Zhang, Jixiang", "Lu, Shimin", "Wang, Xiaoli", "Jia, Xuemei", "Li, Jiao", "Lei, Hongbo", "Liu, Zhengru", "Liao, Fei", "Ji, Mengyao", "Lv, Xiaoguang", "Kang, Jian", "Tian, Shan", "Ma, Jingjing", "Wu, Dandan", "Gong, Yang", "Xu, Yu", "Dong, Weiguo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451362", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of the highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has sickened thousands of people in China. The purpose of this study was to explore the early clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This is a retrospective analysis of patients with COVID-19 from a single centre. All patients underwent real-time reverse transcription PCR for SARS-CoV-2 on admission. Demographic and clinical factors and laboratory data were reviewed and collected to evaluate for significant associations. The study included 541 patients with COVID-19. A total of 144 (26.6%) patients had a history of CVD. The mortality of patients with CVD reached 22.2%, which was higher than that of the overall population of this study (9.8%). Patients with CVD were also more likely to develop liver function abnormality, elevated blood creatinine and lactic dehydrogenase (p<0.05). Symptoms of sputum production were more common in patients with CVD (p=0.026). Lymphocytes, haemoglobin and albumin below the normal range were pervasive in the CVD group (p<0.05). The proportion of critically ill patients in the CVD group (27.8%) was significantly higher than that in the non-CVD group (8.8%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that CVD (OR: 2.735 (95% CI 1.495 to 5.003), p=0.001) was associated with critical COVID-19 condition, while patients with coronary heart disease were less likely to reach recovery standards (OR: 0.331 (95% CI 0.125 to 0.880), p=0.027). Considering the high prevalence of CVD, a thorough CVD assessment at diagnosis and early intervention are recommended in COVID-19 patients with CVD. Patients with CVD are more vulnerable to deterioration."}, {"pmid": 32243944, "pmcid": "PMC7151542", "title": "Safety of Ibuprofen in Patients With COVID-19: Causal or Confounded?", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Sodhi, Mohit", "Etminan, Mahyar"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243944", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317306, "title": "Increased Risk for Family Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Humphreys, Kathryn L", "Myint, Myo Thwin", "Zeanah, Charles H"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395098, "pmcid": "PMC7210793", "title": "Aluminum Nanoparticles Acting as a Pulmonary Vaccine Adjuvant-Delivery System (VADS) Able to Safely Elicit Robust Systemic and Mucosal Immunity.", "journal": "J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater", "authors": ["Wang, Ning", "Wei, Chunliu", "Zhang, Zina", "Liu, Ting", "Wang, Ting"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395098", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Vulnerability of respiratory mucosa to invasions of airborne pathogens, such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and avian viruses which sometimes cause a life-threatening epidemic and even pandemic, underscores significance of developing a pulmonary vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS). Herein, 30-nm aluminum nanoparticles (ANs), unlike the mostly used adjuvant alum which is unsuitable for delivering pulmonary vaccines due to side effects, proved able to act as a VADS fitting inhalation immunization to elicit wide-spread anti-antigen immunity. In vitro ANs facilitated cellular uptake of their cargos and, after pulmonary vaccination, induced mouse production of high levels of anti-antigen IgG in serum and IgA in saliva, nasal, bronchoalveolar and also vaginal fluids. Besides, IFN-\u03b3 and anti-antigen IgG2a enriched in immunized mice which meanwhile showed no obvious lung inflammation indicated balanced Th1/Th2 responses were safely induced. These outcomes suggest ANs may be an efficient pulmonary VADS for defending against pathogens, especially, the ones invading hosts via respiratory system. Aluminum nanoparticles can safely induce humoral and cellular immunity at systemic and mucosal level through pulmonary vaccination to contrast the conventional adjuvant alum."}, {"pmid": 32496099, "title": "Analysis of the causes of moral injury in the outbreak of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Mohsin, A K M", "Hongzhen, Lei", "Sume, Afroja Hossain", "Hussain, Mohammod Hridoy"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496099", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The infection of the novel coronavirus that originated from Wuhan, China in December 2019 converted rapidly into a pandemic by March 11, 2020. Whereas the infection mortality rate is not completely understood, it seems to be significantly beyond that of other recent pandemics (e.g., H1N1 pandemic). This paper discusses moral injury in the context of disaster and epidemic and how easily the moral psychology of individuals and society can be shaken. Moral injury is a multiscientific concept involving psychology, culture, and religion. Amid the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, immoral behaviors and events such as violence, injury, and illness have also caused different degrees of impact on the moral standards of individuals, confusing moral cognition, destroying moral emotion, and weakening moral toughness, resulting in varying degrees of moral injury. If there is no national health, there will be no positive society for all. Based on this, the public needs to pay close attention to the moral health of the whole people and effectively avoid the occurrence of moral injury. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32378284, "pmcid": "PMC7261972", "title": "Chilblain-like lesions in pediatrics dermatological outpatients during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Garcia-Lara, G", "Linares-Gonzalez, Laura", "Rodenas-Herranz, Teresa", "Ruiz-Villaverde, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378284", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454251, "pmcid": "PMC7245204", "title": "COVID-19: Exposing digital poverty in a pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Seah, Kt Matthew"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454251", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512742, "title": "Public Health Emergency and Crisis Management: Case Study of SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Choi, Hemin", "Cho, Wonhyuk", "Kim, Min-Hyu", "Hur, Joon-Young"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512742", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused an unparalleled public health crisis, delivering an immense shock to humanity. With the virus's health consequences largely unknown, different health systems around the globe have pursued various avenues of crisis management. South Korea, troubled early by the virus, was once the second most affected nation in the world. Arrays of measures in South Korea, such as large-scale diagnostic testing and technology-based comprehensive contact tracing, have brought about debates among public health experts and medical professionals. This case study describes the major cluster transmissions in SARS-CoV-2 hotspots in South Korea (such as a religious sect, a call center, logistics facilities, and nightclubs) and offers early observations on how South Korean public health authorities acted in response to the initial outbreak of the virus and to the new waves prompted by re-opening economies. We then discuss the way in which South Korea's experience can act as a reference for shaping other countries' public health strategies in pandemic crisis management."}, {"pmid": 32397511, "title": "25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Are Lower in Patients with Positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["D'Avolio, Antonio", "Avataneo, Valeria", "Manca, Alessandra", "Cusato, Jessica", "De Nicolo, Amedeo", "Lucchini, Renzo", "Keller, Franco", "Cantu, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397511", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with a clinical outcome ranging from mild to severe, including death. To date, it is unclear why some patients develop severe symptoms. Many authors have suggested the involvement of vitamin D in reducing the risk of infections; thus, we retrospectively investigated the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in plasma obtained from a cohort of patients from Switzerland. In this cohort, significantly lower 25(OH)D levels (p = 0.004) were found in PCR-positive for SARS-CoV-2 (median value 11.1 ng/mL) patients compared with negative patients (24.6 ng/mL); this was also confirmed by stratifying patients according to age >70 years. On the basis of this preliminary observation, vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce the risk of infection. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies should be conducted to evaluate these recommendations and to confirm our preliminary observation."}, {"pmid": 32457444, "title": "Mass-surveillance technologies to fight coronavirus spread: the case of Israel.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Amit, Moran", "Kimhi, Heli", "Bader, Tarif", "Chen, Jacob", "Glassberg, Elon", "Benov, Avi"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457444", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215647, "title": "Management of Critically Ill Adults With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Poston, Jason T", "Patel, Bhakti K", "Davis, Andrew M"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215647", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404376, "pmcid": "PMC7228456", "title": "Hypogeusia as the initial presenting symptom of COVID-19.", "journal": "BMJ Case Rep", "authors": ["Melley, Lauren E", "Bress, Eli", "Polan, Erik"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404376", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which first arose in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has since been declared a pandemic. The clinical sequelae vary from mild, self-limiting upper respiratory infection symptoms to severe respiratory distress, acute cardiopulmonary arrest and death. Otolaryngologists around the globe have reported a significant number of mild or otherwise asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 presenting with olfactory dysfunction. We present a case of COVID-19 resulting in intensive care unit (ICU) admission, presenting with the initial symptom of disrupted taste and flavour perception prior to respiratory involvement. After 4\u2009days in the ICU and 6\u2009days on the general medicine floor, our patient regained a majority of her sense of smell and was discharged with only lingering dysgeusia. In this paper, we review existing literature and the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 in relation to the reported symptoms of hyposmia, hypogeusia and dysgeusia."}, {"pmid": 32203977, "title": "Case-Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID-19 in Italy.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Onder, Graziano", "Rezza, Giovanni", "Brusaferro, Silvio"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203977", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340546, "title": "A Surgical Safety Checklist for Performing Tracheotomy in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Portugal, Louis G", "Adams, Dara R", "Baroody, Fuad M", "Agrawal, Nishant"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340546", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Performance of tracheotomy is a potential necessary step in the patient with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Due to viral aerosolization, tracheotomy carries a high risk of transmission of COVID-19 to the health care team performing the procedure. We share our institution's surgical safety checklist for performing tracheotomy in patients with COVID-19, including key modifications intended to mitigate risk to the surgical team."}, {"pmid": 32438510, "title": "Demand-capacity modelling and Covid-19 disease: identifying themes for future NHS planning.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Pandit, J J"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438510", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This editorial shows how the principles of demand-capacity modelling lead to the conclusion that COVID-19 disease will require the UK NHS to run its serves at a far higher working capacity (in terms of hospital, intensive care and social care beds, operating theatres and staff) than it has been used to. The analysis leads to key questions that should form the basis for rational planning in a post-COVID NHS."}, {"pmid": 32222191, "pmcid": "PMC7194627", "title": "COVID-19 cacophony: is there any orchestra conductor?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Flahault, Antoine"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222191", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418827, "pmcid": "PMC7194699", "title": "The Fellowship Milieu in Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology-Fostering Psychological Well-being During the Coronavirus Crisis.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Feinman, Jared W", "Al-Ghofaily, Lourdes", "Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418827", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474090, "pmcid": "PMC7255986", "title": "Challenges to Neurosurgical Residency Training during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Indian Perspective.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Ruparelia, Jigish", "Gosal, Jaskaran Singh", "Garg, Mayank", "Bhaskar, Suryanarayanan", "Jha, Deepak Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474090", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397699, "title": "[Study on transmission dynamic of 15 clusters of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in Ningbo].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Pan, X X", "Chen, Y", "Wang, A H", "Wang, J M", "Ye, L X", "Gu, S H", "Fang, T", "Xu, G Z"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397699", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To describe the basic characteristics of clusters of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, and evaluate the generation time (Tg) and basic reproduction number (R(0)) of COVID-19. Methods: The basic information and onset times of the clusters of COVID-19 cases in Ningbo were investigated, the inter-generational interval of the cases were fitted by using gamma distribution, and the R(0) was calculated based on the SEIR model. Results: In the 15 clusters of COVID-19 cases, a total of 52 confirmed cases, 5 cases of nucleic acid- positive asymptomatic cases. The cases occurred from January 23 to February 4, the cases were mainly women. The incubation period was (6.11\u00b13.38) days, and the median was 5 days. The Tg was (6.93\u00b13.70) days. There were no significant differences in Tg between age group <60 years and age group 60 years and above, and between men and women (P=0.551). According to the Tg calculated in this paper, the R(0) of COVID-19 in Ningbo was 3.06 (95%CI: 2.64 - 3.51); according to the reported case transmission interval of 7.5 days in the literature, the R(0) was 3.32 (95%CI: 2.51-9.38 ). Conclusion: There is no age and gender specific differences in the Tg of clusters of COVID-19 cases in Ningbo, and COVID-19 has high infectivity and spreading power in early phase."}, {"pmid": 32405259, "pmcid": "PMC7217782", "title": "How to carry out and interpret EEG recordings in COVID-19 patients in ICU?", "journal": "Clin Neurophysiol", "authors": ["Gelisse, Philippe", "Rossetti, Andrea O", "Genton, Pierre", "Crespel, Arielle", "Kaplan, Peter W"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405259", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are questions and challenges regarding neurologic complications in COVID-19 patients. EEG is a safe and efficient tool for the evaluation of brain function, even in the context of COVID-19. However, EEG technologists should not be put in danger if obtaining an EEG does not significantly advance diagnosis or change management in the patient. Not every neurologic problem stems from a primary brain injury: confusion, impaired consciousness that evolves to stupor and coma, and headaches are frequent in hypercapnic/hypoxic encephalopathies. In patients with chronic pulmonary disorders, acute symptomatic seizures have been reported in acute respiratory failure in 6%. The clinician should be aware of the various EEG patterns in hypercapnic/hypoxic and anoxic (post-cardiac arrest syndrome) encephalopathies as well as encephalitides. In this emerging pandemic of infectious disease, reduced EEG montages using single-use subdermal EEG needle electrodes may be used in comatose patients. A full 10-20 EEG complement of electrodes with an ECG derivation remains the standard. Under COVID-19 conditions, an expedited study that adequately screens for generalized status epilepticus, most types of regional status epilepticus, encephalopathy or sleep may serve for most clinical questions, using simplified montages may limit the risk of infection to EEG technologists. We recommend noting whether the patient is undergoing or has been placed prone, as well as noting the body and head position during the EEG recording (supine versus prone) to avoid overinterpretation of respiratory, head movement, electrode, muscle or other artifacts. There is slight elevation of intracranial pressure in the prone position. In non-comatose patients, the hyperventilation procedure should be avoided. At present, non-specific EEG findings and abnormalities should not be considered as being specific for COVID-19 related encephalopathy."}, {"pmid": 32497194, "title": "Perseverance in a pandemic: A unique pharmacy residency learning experience.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Campbell, Peter", "Witenko, Corey", "Dzierba, Amy L"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32390656, "pmcid": "PMC7206417", "title": "Unemployment in the time of COVID-19: A research agenda.", "journal": "J Vocat Behav", "authors": ["Blustein, David L", "Duffy, Ryan", "Ferreira, Joaquim A", "Cohen-Scali, Valerie", "Cinamon, Rachel Gali", "Allan, Blake A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390656", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This essay represents the collective vision of a group of scholars in vocational psychology who have sought to develop a research agenda in response to the massive global unemployment crisis that has been evoked by the COVID-19 pandemic. The research agenda includes exploring how this unemployment crisis may differ from previous unemployment periods; examining the nature of the grief evoked by the parallel loss of work and loss of life; recognizing and addressing the privilege of scholars; examining the inequality that underlies the disproportionate impact of the crisis on poor and working class communities; developing a framework for evidence-based interventions for unemployed individuals; and examining the work-family interface and unemployment among youth."}, {"pmid": 32102928, "title": "Diarrhoea may be underestimated: a missing link in 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Liang, Weicheng", "Feng, Zhijie", "Rao, Shitao", "Xiao, Cuicui", "Xue, Xingyang", "Lin, Zexiao", "Zhang, Qi", "Qi, Wei"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32102928", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339025, "title": "Why Fibrinolytic Therapy for ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the COVID-19 Pandemic Is Not Your New Best Friend.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Kirtane, Ajay J", "Bangalore, Sripal"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532946, "title": "CT features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: experience of a single center in Southern Italy.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Martino, Alberigo", "Fiore, Emilio", "Mazza, Emerico Maria", "Minichiello, Stefana", "Brogna, Barbara", "Petronilla, Salvatore", "Megliola, Antonia", "Musto, Lanfranco"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532946", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to report the radiological features of chest CT scan of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) living in a town in Southern Italy where a significant outbreak of the disease occurred. We revised the CT scan of 62 patients (34 male, 28 female, mean age 71 +/- 14 years) with clinical and laboratory signs of COVID-19, as assessed by positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing. All patients underwent chest CT at the time of admission to the hospital. A semi-quantitative scoring system was used to evaluate the extension of the disease. Out of the 62 patients the main radiological findings were reticular pattern (29%), ground-glass opacities (24%), crazy paving pattern (11%) and consolidation (35%). Most of the lesions were bilateral (97%), posterior (95%) and located near pleura (50%) or lung fissures (45%), mainly involving the lower right lobe (56%) and lower left lobe (23%). Pleural thickening was observed in 72.6% of patients and pleural effusion in 18%. Median value of the score was 7.0 and was significantly higher in male than female (8.5 vs 6.0, p=0.03) and in patients with pleural thickening compared to those without this finding (8.0 vs 5.0, p=0.03)."}, {"pmid": 32397688, "title": "SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Viral Genomics, Epidemiology, Vaccines, and Therapeutic Interventions.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Uddin, Mohammed", "Mustafa, Farah", "Rizvi, Tahir A", "Loney, Tom", "Suwaidi, Hanan Al", "Al-Marzouqi, Ahmed H Hassan", "Eldin, Afaf Kamal", "Alsabeeha, Nabeel", "Adrian, Thomas E", "Stefanini, Cesare", "Nowotny, Norbert", "Alsheikh-Ali, Alawi", "Senok, Abiola C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397688", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is due to infection caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus that impacts the lower respiratory tract. The spectrum of symptoms ranges from asymptomatic infections to mild respiratory symptoms to the lethal form of COVID-19 which is associated with severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, and fatality. To address this global crisis, up-to-date information on viral genomics and transcriptomics is crucial for understanding the origins and global dispersion of the virus, providing insights into viral pathogenicity, transmission, and epidemiology, and enabling strategies for therapeutic interventions, drug discovery, and vaccine development. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 epidemiology, genomic etiology, findings from recent transcriptomic map analysis, viral-human protein interactions, molecular diagnostics, and the current status of vaccine and novel therapeutic intervention development. Moreover, we provide an extensive list of resources that will help the scientific community access numerous types of databases related to SARS-CoV-2 OMICs and approaches to therapeutics related to COVID-19 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32352916, "title": "\"Reversed halo sign\" on 3D CT in COVID-19.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Bekci, Tumay"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352916", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514019, "title": "Introducing the Zoom interview: tips for job hunting during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Fouda, Abdelrahman Y"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514019", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510821, "title": "Oral cavity lesions as a manifestation of the novel virus (COVID-19): a letter-to-editor.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Ansari, Reza", "Gheitani, Mina", "Heidari, Farrokh", "Heidari, Firouzeh"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510821", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early December 2019, the acute respiratory illness began in the Wuhan, China, which quickly spread around the world, that today known as COVID-19. (Sun, Qie, Liu, Ren, & Xi, 2020) Preliminary studies have shown that hospitalized patients have different symptoms, including myalgia, whooping cough, fatigue, and dyspnea and gastrointestinal complains. (Guo et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020) In more recent studies, skin manifestations have also been reported in covid-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32468775, "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19): Let's Prevent Not Panic.", "journal": "J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Fatima", "Mukhtar, Neha"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468775", "countries": ["France", "Philippines", "China", "Japan", "Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It was on 31st December 2019, that a cluster of pneumonia cases was reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) by China. The initial investigations revealed the cases to be due to a previously unknown \"never before seen strain of coronavirus\". Coronaviruses are a group of viruses, which are normally present among animals such as cows, bats, camels and cats. The disease was officially named COVID-19 by WHO on 11th February 2020. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses named the virus as SARS-CoV-2 due to its resemblance to SARS coronavirus. According to WHO's Situation Report-28 as of 17th February 2020, globally there were 71,429 confirmed cases, which included both laboratories confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases (applicable only to Hubei province of China). Cases are clinically diagnosed based on their signs and symptoms and chest x-rays without laboratory testing. More than 99% of these are in China i.e. 70,635 and 794 are outside China. The cases reported outside of China belong to 25 countries in various regions of WHO: China having the epicenter of the disease bears the greatest brunt, with 1772 deaths. The three deaths outside China have been reported in Philippines, Japan and France. The case fatality rate of COVID-19 ranges between 2-3% A wide spectrum of disease, ranging from mild to severe, has been reported in confirmed cases of COVID-19. Respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, dyspnoea, myalgia, fatigue, breathing difficulties and bilateral lung infiltrates on C.T are common findings. Pakistan so far has not reported any confirmed case of COVID-19. Government is showing its commitment towards the threat of importation. This novel coronavirus, called as a \"devil\" by Chinese Prime Minister, Xi Ping is really an enigma."}, {"pmid": 32275740, "pmcid": "PMC7243146", "title": "ILROG emergency guidelines for radiation therapy of hematological malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Blood", "authors": ["Yahalom, Joachim", "Dabaja, Bouthaina Shbib", "Ricardi, Umberto", "Ng, Andrea", "Mikhaeel, N George", "Vogelius, Ivan R", "Illidge, Tim", "Qi, Shunan", "Wirth, Andrew", "Specht, Lena"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275740", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group (ILROG) guidelines for using radiation therapy (RT) in hematological malignancies are widely used in many countries. The emergency situation created by the COVID-19 pandemic may result in limitations of treatment resources. Furthermore, in recognition of the need to also reduce the exposure of patients and staff to potential infection with COVID-19, the ILROG task force has made recommendations for alternative radiation treatment schemes. The emphasis is on maintaining clinical efficacy and safety by increasing the dose per fraction while reducing the number of daily treatments. The guidance is informed by adhering to acceptable radiobiological parameters and clinical tolerability. The options for delaying or omitting RT in some hematological categories are also discussed."}, {"pmid": 32378705, "pmcid": "PMC7225408", "title": "A virus that has gone viral: amino acid mutation in S protein of Indian isolate of Coronavirus COVID-19 might impact receptor binding, and thus, infectivity.", "journal": "Biosci Rep", "authors": ["Saha, Priyanka", "Banerjee, Arup Kumar", "Tripathi, Prem Prakash", "Srivastava, Amit Kumar", "Ray, Upasana"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378705", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since 2002, \u03b2 coronaviruses (CoVs) have caused three zoonotic outbreaks, SARS-CoV in 2002, MERS-CoV in 2012, and the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 late in 2019 (also named as COVID-19 or novel coronavirus 2019 or nCoV2019). Spike (S) protein, one of the structural proteins of this virus plays key role in receptor (ACE2) binding and thus virus entry. Thus, this protein has attracted scientists for detailed study and therapeutic targeting. As the nCoV2019 takes its course throughout the world, more and more sequence analyses are being done and genome sequences are being deposited in various databases. From India, two clinical isolates have been sequenced and the full genome has been deposited in GenBank. We have performed sequence analyses of the Spike protein of the Indian isolates and compared with that of the Wuhan, China (where the outbreak was first reported). While all the sequences of Wuhan isolates are identical, we found point mutations in the Indian isolates. Out of the two isolates, one was found to harbor a mutation in its receptor-binding domain (RBD) at position 407. At this site, arginine (a positively charged amino acid) was replaced by isoleucine (a hydrophobic amino acid that is also a C-\u03b2 branched amino acid). This mutation has been seen to change the secondary structure of the protein at that region and this can potentially alter receptor binding of the virus. Although this finding needs further validation and more sequencing, the information might be useful in rational drug designing and vaccine engineering."}, {"pmid": 32178768, "pmcid": "PMC7158585", "title": "First known person-to-person transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the USA.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Ghinai, Isaac", "McPherson, Tristan D", "Hunter, Jennifer C", "Kirking, Hannah L", "Christiansen, Demian", "Joshi, Kiran", "Rubin, Rachel", "Morales-Estrada, Shirley", "Black, Stephanie R", "Pacilli, Massimo", "Fricchione, Marielle J", "Chugh, Rashmi K", "Walblay, Kelly A", "Ahmed, N Seema", "Stoecker, William C", "Hasan, Nausheen F", "Burdsall, Deborah P", "Reese, Heather E", "Wallace, Megan", "Wang, Chen", "Moeller, Darcie", "Korpics, Jacqueline", "Novosad, Shannon A", "Benowitz, Isaac", "Jacobs, Max W", "Dasari, Vishal S", "Patel, Megan T", "Kauerauf, Judy", "Charles, E Matt", "Ezike, Ngozi O", "Chu, Victoria", "Midgley, Claire M", "Rolfes, Melissa A", "Gerber, Susan I", "Lu, Xiaoyan", "Lindstrom, Stephen", "Verani, Jennifer R", "Layden, Jennifer E"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178768", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first detected in China in December, 2019. In January, 2020, state, local, and federal public health agencies investigated the first case of COVID-19 in Illinois, USA. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 were defined as those with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Contacts were people with exposure to a patient with COVID-19 on or after the patient's symptom onset date. Contacts underwent active symptom monitoring for 14 days following their last exposure. Contacts who developed fever, cough, or shortness of breath became persons under investigation and were tested for SARS-CoV-2. A convenience sample of 32 asymptomatic health-care personnel contacts were also tested. Patient 1-a woman in her 60s-returned from China in mid-January, 2020. One week later, she was hospitalised with pneumonia and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Her husband (Patient 2) did not travel but had frequent close contact with his wife. He was admitted 8 days later and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Overall, 372 contacts of both cases were identified; 347 underwent active symptom monitoring, including 152 community contacts and 195 health-care personnel. Of monitored contacts, 43 became persons under investigation, in addition to Patient 2. These 43 persons under investigation and all 32 asymptomatic health-care personnel tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurred between two people with prolonged, unprotected exposure while Patient 1 was symptomatic. Despite active symptom monitoring and testing of symptomatic and some asymptomatic contacts, no further transmission was detected. None."}, {"pmid": 32294813, "title": "[Expert consensus on preventing nosocomial transmission during respiratory care for critically ill patients infected by 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294813", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Definite evidence has shown that the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) could be transmitted from person to person, so far more than 1 700 bedside clinicians have been infected. A lot of respiratory treatments for critically ill patients are deemed as high-risk factors for nosocomial transmission, such as intubation, manual ventilation by resuscitator, noninvasive ventilation, high-flow nasal cannula, bronchoscopy examination, suction and patient transportation, etc, due to its high possibility to cause or worsen the spread of the virus. As such, we developed this consensus recommendations on all those high-risk treatments, based on the current evidence as well as the resource limitation in some areas, with the aim to reduce the nosocomial transmission and optimize the treatment for the COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Those recommendations include: (1)Standard prevention and protection, and patient isolation; (2)Patient wearing mask during HFNC treatment; (3)Using dual limb ventilator with filters placed at the ventilator outlets, or using heat-moisture exchanger (HME) instead of heated humidification in single limb ventilator with HME placed between exhalation port and mask; avoid using mask with exhalation port on the mask; (4)Placing filter between resuscitator and mask or artificial airway; (5)For spontaneous breathing patients, placing mask for patients during bronchoscopy examination; for patients receiving noninvasive ventilation, using the special mask with bronchoscopy port to perform bronchoscopy; (6)Using sedation and paralytics during intubation, cuff pressure should be maintained between 25-30 cmH(2)O(1 cmH(2)O=0.098 kPa); (7)In-line suction catheter is recommended and it can be used for one week; (8)Dual-limb heated wire circuits are recommended and only changed with visible soiled; (9)For patients who need breathing support during transportation, placing an HME between ventilator and patient; (10)PSV is recommended for implementing spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), avoid using T-piece to do SBT. When tracheotomy patients are weaned from ventilator, HME should be used, avoid using T-piece or tracheostomy mask. (11)Avoid unnecessary bronchial hygiene therapy; (12) For patients who need aerosol therapy, dry powder inhaler metered dose inhaler with spacer is recommended for spontaneous breathing patients; while vibrating mesh nebulizer is recommended for ventilated patients and additional filter is recommended to be placed at the expiratory port of ventilation during nebulization."}, {"pmid": 32410746, "pmcid": "PMC7221360", "title": "Poverty, Inequality & COVID-19: The Forgotten Vulnerable.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Patel, J A", "Nielsen, F B H", "Badiani, A A", "Assi, S", "Unadkat, V", "Patel, B", "Ravindrane, R", "Wardle, H"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410746", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32266381, "pmcid": "PMC7184423", "title": "PCR Assays Turned Positive in 25 Discharged COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yuan, Jing", "Kou, Shanglong", "Liang, Yanhua", "Zeng, JianFeng", "Pan, Yanchao", "Liu, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266381", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the observation that 14.5% of COVID-19 patients had positive RT-PCR testing again after discharge. We describe correlations between laboratory parameters and treatment duration (r= -0.637; p=0.002) and time to virus recrudescence (r= 0.52; p=0.008) respectively, suggesting the need for additional measures to confirm illness resolution in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32413736, "pmcid": "PMC7205724", "title": "Towards treatment planning of COVID-19: Rationale and hypothesis for the use of multiple immunosuppressive agents: Anti-antibodies, immunoglobulins, and corticosteroids.", "journal": "Int Immunopharmacol", "authors": ["Saghazadeh, Amene", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413736", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, can cause a potentially fatal disease, COVID-19, in humans. Here, we will provide an overview of therapeutic options for COVID-19. Plasma from patients recovered from COVID-19 that contains antibodies against SARS-CoV2 has shown promising results in patients with severe COVID-19. Also, IVIG, combined with moderate-dose of corticosteroids, might improve patient outcomes. Evidence links COVID-19 to variable degrees of inflammation. Studies show that the use of corticosteroids might accelerate recovery from COVID-19. There are, however, no controlled clinical trials that show whether the use of corticosteroids can reduce COVID-19-related death. Also, the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6 is the best-documented cytokine in COVID-19 correlated with severity, criticality, viral load, and prognosis of patients with COVID-19. Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody against IL6, could confer clinical benefit in patients with high IL6 levels. Essential elements that process SARS-CoV2 cell entry and specific characteristics that allow SARS-CoV2 to escape the immune system have the potential as targets for COVID-19 therapy."}, {"pmid": 32384387, "title": "A Postpartum Death Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Vallejo, Victoria", "Ilagan, John G"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384387", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Limited U.S. reports of pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection describe a few critical cases and no maternal mortality. A 36-year-old patient at 37 weeks of gestation presented with shortness of breath, fever, cough, and sore throat for 1 week. Within 3 hours of admission, she experienced respiratory distress, required intubation, and underwent cesarean delivery and transfer to the intensive care unit. She subsequently decompensated, with multiorgan failure, sepsis, and cardiopulmonary arrest within 36 hours, despite aggressive supportive care and investigational therapies. A pregnant patient with COVID-19 infection can experience a rapid onset of critical complications that may prove fatal, despite an indolent presentation. The pathogenesis leading to rapid deterioration is unknown."}, {"pmid": 32470595, "pmcid": "PMC7251415", "title": "Commentary on: A novel solution to the PPE crisis during the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19).", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Syed, Dr Sabeeh", "Malik, Miss Sara", "Ominu-Evbota, Kilali"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470595", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296166, "pmcid": "PMC7156894", "title": "Provision of cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Rev Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Spicer, James", "Chamberlain, Charlotte", "Papa, Sophie"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296166", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349826, "pmcid": "PMC7235307", "title": "COVID-19 and mental health of older adults in the Philippines: a perspective from a developing country.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Buenaventura, Robert D", "Ho, Jacqueline B", "Lapid, Maria I"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349826", "countries": ["Philippines"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389101, "title": "Qua pote quisque, in ea conterat arte diem: COVID-19 and Australian and New Zealand intensive care.", "journal": "Crit Care Resusc", "authors": ["Udy, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389101", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358057, "title": "Overcoming the bottleneck to widespread testing: A rapid review of nucleic acid testing approaches for COVID-19 detection.", "journal": "RNA", "authors": ["Esbin, Meagan N", "Whitney, Oscar N", "Chong, Shasha", "Maurer, Anna", "Darzacq, Xavier", "Tjian, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358057", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic presents a serious public health crisis, and a better understanding of the scope and spread of the virus would be aided by more widespread testing. Nucleic-acid based tests currently offer the most sensitive and early detection of COVID-19. However, the \"gold standard\" test pioneered by the United States Center for Disease Control & Prevention, takes several hours to complete and requires extensive human labor, materials such as RNA extraction kits that could become in short supply and relatively scarce qPCR machines. It is clear that a huge effort needs to be made to scale up current COVID-19 testing by orders of magnitude. There is thus a pressing need to evaluate alternative protocols, reagents, and approaches to allow nucleic-acid testing to continue in the face of these potential shortages. There has been a tremendous explosion in the number of papers written within the first weeks of the pandemic evaluating potential advances, comparable reagents, and alternatives to the \"gold-standard\" CDC RT-PCR test. Here we present a collection of these recent advances in COVID-19 nucleic acid testing, including both peer-reviewed and preprint articles. Due to the rapid developments during this crisis, we have included as many publications as possible, but many of the cited sources have not yet been peer-reviewed, so we urge researchers to further validate results in their own labs. We hope that this review can urgently consolidate and disseminate information to aid researchers in designing and implementing optimized COVID-19 testing protocols to increase the availability, accuracy, and speed of widespread COVID-19 testing."}, {"pmid": 32321209, "title": "General practitioners as frontiers in COVID-19: The Hong Kong experience.", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Lee, Albert"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "General practitioners play a significant part in the COVID-19 pandemic by providing whole-person and patient-centred care during this time of crisis."}, {"pmid": 32333290, "pmcid": "PMC7181399", "title": "The \"piecework anesthetists\" solution to the lack of ventilators during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Samson, Benoit"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333290", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426002, "pmcid": "PMC7229930", "title": "[Therapeutic options for the management of severe Covid-19: A rheumatology perspective].", "journal": "Reumatol Clin", "authors": ["Mendoza-Pinto, Claudia", "Garcia-Carrasco, Mario", "Realpozo, Pamela Munguia", "Mendez-Martinez, Socorro"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426002", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel SARS-CoV-2 human coronavirus in Wuhan, China, has triggered a worldwide respiratory disease outbreak (COVID-19). Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan dysfunction and thrombotic events are among the leading causes of death in critically ill patients with COVID-19. The elevated inflammatory cytokines suggest that a \"cytokine storm\", also known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), may play a major role in the pathology of COVID-19. In addition to anti-viral therapy and supportive treatment in critically ill patients, unique medications for this condition are also under investigation. Here we reviewed therapeutic options, including the antibody therapy that might be an immediate strategy for SARS-CoV-2 therapy."}, {"pmid": 32506059, "title": "Detection of Hemosiderin-Laden Macrophages in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of COVID-19 Patients: Is Perls Stain a Potential Indicator of Oxidative Alveolar Damage?", "journal": "Acta Cytol", "authors": ["Drak Alsibai, Kinan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506059", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295710, "pmcid": "PMC7151489", "title": "High flow nasal cannula is a good treatment option for COVID-19.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Geng, Shike", "Mei, Qing", "Zhu, Chunyan", "Yang, Tianjun", "Yang, Yun", "Fang, Xiaowei", "Pan, Aijun"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295710", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241762, "title": "Covid-19: Can France's ethical support units help doctors make challenging decisions?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Arie, Sophie"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241762", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516380, "title": "Covid-19's Impact on Podiatry in Chicago's Largest Public Hospital.", "journal": "J Am Podiatr Med Assoc", "authors": ["Putnam, Sara", "Fleischer, Adam E"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516380", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272008, "pmcid": "PMC7170790", "title": "Early preemptive immunomodulators (corticosteroids) for severe pneumonia patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Clin Exp Pediatr", "authors": ["Lee, Kyung-Yil", "Rhim, Jung-Woo", "Kang, Jin-Han"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272008", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525587, "title": "Potential for elimination of SAR-CoV-2 through vaccination as inspired by elimination of multiple influenza viruses through natural pandemics or mass vaccination.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Ji-Ming", "Sun, Ying-Xue", "Chen, Ji-Wang"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525587", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 has claimed many lives worldwide. To combat the pandemic, multiple types of vaccines are under development with unprecedented rapidity. Theoretically, the future vaccination against COVID-19 may fall into long-term costly guerrilla warfare between SARS-CoV-2 and humans. Elimination of SARS-CoV-2 through vaccination to avoid the potential long-term costly guerrilla warfare, if possible, is highly desired and worth intensive consideration. Human influenza pandemics emerging in 1957, 1968, and 2009 established strong global herd immunity and led to elimination of three human influenza viruses which circulated worldwide for years before the pandemics. Moreover, both clade 7.2 of subtype H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus and subtype H7N9 avian influenza virus circulated in poultry in China for years, and they have been virtually eliminated through mass vaccination in recent years. These facts suggested that rapid establishment of global herd immunity through mass vaccination using a proper vaccine could eliminate SARS-CoV-2. The coming two years is the golden time for the elimination through vaccination which requires tremendous national and international collaboration. This review also prioritized the efficacy of vaccines for COVID-19 and elucidated the importance for development of more live vaccines for COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32220020, "title": "What dermatologists could do to cope with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a dermatologist's perspective from China.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Zhang, H", "Tang, K", "Fang, R", "Sun, Q"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220020", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371558, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine use in the COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Littlejohn, Emily"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371558", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has multiple potential antiviral mechanisms of action that differ according to the pathogen studied (eg, Chikungunya, Dengue virus, human immunodeficiency virus, poliovirus, Zika virus). Data on HCQ for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are rapidly evolving. To date there is no evidence from randomized controlled trials that any single therapy improves outcomes in patients infected with COVID-19. There are also no clinical trial data supporting prophylactic HCQ therapy in COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use in patients with COVID-19 is being investigated examining prophylaxis, postexposure prophylaxis, and treatment regimens."}, {"pmid": 32304146, "pmcid": "PMC7264739", "title": "Response to recent commentaries regarding the involvement of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and renin-angiotensin system blockers in SARS-CoV-2 infections.", "journal": "Drug Dev Res", "authors": ["Speth, Robert C"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304146", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319884, "pmcid": "PMC7200848", "title": "Extended use or reuse of N95 respirators during COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of national regulatory authority recommendations.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Kobayashi, Leticia Mitiko", "Marins, Bianca Ramos", "Costa, Patricia Cristina Dos Santos", "Perazzo, Hugo", "Castro, Rodolfo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319884", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235685, "pmcid": "PMC7143628", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak: An Overview on Dentistry.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Spagnuolo, Gianrico", "De Vito, Danila", "Rengo, Sandro", "Tatullo, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019, also called COVID-19, is the latest infectious disease to rapidly develop worldwide [...]."}, {"pmid": 32423638, "pmcid": "PMC7205649", "title": "From ground-glass opacities to pulmonary emboli. A snapshot of the evolving role of a radiology unit facing the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Flor, N", "Tonolini, M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423638", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443202, "pmcid": "PMC7194566", "title": "Disinfection technology of hospital wastes and wastewater: Suggestions for disinfection strategy during coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China.", "journal": "Environ Pollut", "authors": ["Wang, Jiao", "Shen, Jin", "Ye, Dan", "Yan, Xu", "Zhang, Yujing", "Yang, Wenjing", "Li, Xinwu", "Wang, Junqi", "Zhang, Liubo", "Pan, Lijun"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443202", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hospitals are important sources of pollutants resulted from diagnostic, laboratory and research activities as well as medicine excretion by patients, which include active component of drugs and metabolite, chemicals, residues of pharmaceuticals, radioactive markers, iodinated contrast media, etc. The discharge of hospital wastes and wastewater, especially those without appropriate treatment would expose the public in danger of infection. In particular, under the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic context in China, it is of great significance to reduce the health risks to the public and environment. In this study, technologies of different types of hospital wastes and wastewater disinfection have been summarized. Liquid chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet irradiation disinfection are commonly used for hospital wastewater disinfection. While incineration, chemical disinfection, and physical disinfection are commonly used for hospital wastes disinfection. In addition, considering the characteristics of various hospital wastes, the classification and selection of corresponding disinfection technologies are discussed. On this basis, this study provides scientific suggestions for management, technology selection, and operation of hospital wastes and wastewater disinfection in China, which is of great significance for development of national disinfection strategy for hospital wastes and wastewater during COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32437077, "title": "Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children: Are they similar to those of SARS?", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Leung, Char"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437077", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections\u00a0has been rising amid the current pandemic of COVID-19, the low infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in children has been low. By examining the clinical data available in the public domain, the present work clarifies the clinical presentations in children with COVID-19 in China. Statistical significance tests and adjusted odds ratios estimation were performed on the children (age below 18) and adults (age 18 or above) cohorts in China. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 shared similar clinical features. Lower respiratory tract infection was less prominent in children as evidenced by the relatively low prevalence in chest pain/discomfort and dyspnea. Similar to SARS, younger children had a less aggressive clinical course, compared with adolescents. While fewer symptoms were observed in children compared to adults, there is not yet sufficient evidence to conclude shorter hospital stay in children."}, {"pmid": 32291449, "pmcid": "PMC7184459", "title": "ADAM17 inhibition may exert a protective effect on COVID-19.", "journal": "Nephrol Dial Transplant", "authors": ["Palau, Vanesa", "Riera, Marta", "Soler, Maria Jose"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291449", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448746, "pmcid": "PMC7188651", "title": "COVID 19 crisis: Maintaining brachytherapy access and strategies for risk mitigation.", "journal": "Brachytherapy", "authors": ["Petereit, Daniel G"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448746", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242790, "pmcid": "PMC7167485", "title": "The challenges and considerations of community-based preparedness at the onset of COVID-19 outbreak in Iran, 2020.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242790", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 as an emerging disease has spread to 183 countries and territories worldwide as of 20 March 2020. The first COVID-19 case (i.e. the index case) in Iran was observed in the city of Qom on 19 February 2020. One of the cities of Markazi Province is Delijan, which shares a border with Qom. Consequently, COVID-19 has quickly spread in this city because a large population commutes daily between the two cities. This study aimed to report the challenges and considerations of community-based preparedness at the onset of COVID-19 outbreak in a city of Iran in 2020."}, {"pmid": 32241833, "pmcid": "PMC7113798", "title": "Will children reveal their secret? The coronavirus dilemma.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Cristiani, Luca", "Mancino, Enrica", "Matera, Luigi", "Nenna, Raffaella", "Pierangeli, Alessandra", "Scagnolari, Carolina", "Midulla, Fabio"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241833", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431217, "title": "Withanone and caffeic acid phenethyl ester are predicted to interact with main protease (M(pro)) of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibit its activity.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Kumar, Vipul", "Dhanjal, Jaspreet Kaur", "Kaul, Sunil C", "Wadhwa, Renu", "Sundar, Durai"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431217", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV) has caused a large number of deaths around the globe. There is an urgent need to understand this new virus and develop prophylactic and therapeutic drugs. Since drug development is an expensive, intense and time-consuming path, timely repurposing of the existing drugs is often explored wherein the research avenues including genomics, bioinformatics, molecular modeling approaches offer valuable strengths. Here, we have examined the binding potential of Withaferin-A (Wi-A), Withanone (Wi-N) (active withanolides of Ashwagandha) and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE, bioactive ingredient of propolis) to a highly conserved protein, Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. We found that Wi-N and CAPE, but not Wi-A, bind to the substrate-binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with efficacy and binding energies equivalent to an already claimed N3 protease inhibitor. Similar to N3 inhibitor, Wi-N and CAPE were interacting with the highly conserved residues of the proteases of coronaviruses. The binding stability of these molecules was further analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations. The binding free energies calculated using MM/GBSA for N3 inhibitor, CAPE and Wi-N were also comparable. Data presented here predicted that these natural compounds may possess the potential to inhibit the functional activity of SARS-CoV-2 protease (an essential protein for virus survival), and hence (i) may connect to save time and cost required for designing/development, and initial screening for anti-COVID drugs, (ii) may offer some therapeutic value for the management of novel fatal coronavirus disease, (iii) warrants prioritized further validation in the laboratory and clinical tests.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32379193, "title": "A CASE OF CHILDHOOD COVID-19 INFECTION WITH PLEURAL EFFUSION COMPLICATED BY POSSIBLE SECONDARY MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE INFECTION.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Chen, Hong-Rui", "Zou, Hao", "Xue, Mei", "Chen, Zhen-Bing", "Chen, Wan-Xin"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379193", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case of childhood coronavirus disease 2019 infection with pleural effusion complicated by possible secondary Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Fever and pulmonary lesions on computed tomography were the early clinical manifestations, and the patient developed nonproductive cough later. The hydrothorax in this coronavirus disease 2019 case was exudative, showing predominantly mature lymphocytes."}, {"pmid": 32325326, "pmcid": "PMC7158786", "title": "COVID-19: Immense necessity and challenges in meeting the needs of minorities, especially asylum seekers and undocumented migrants.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Bhopal, R S"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325326", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283140, "pmcid": "PMC7194903", "title": "Re: Profile of specific antibodies to SARS-CoV-2: The first report.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zeng, Zhikun", "Chen, Liangjun", "Pan, Yunbao", "Deng, Qiaoling", "Ye, Guangming", "Li, Yirong", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283140", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426231, "pmcid": "PMC7233233", "title": "An asplenic with life-threatening Capnocytophaga canimorsus sepsis.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Wendt, Ralph", "Schauff, Christian", "Lubbert, Christoph"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426231", "countries": ["Italy", "Poland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report on a 33-year old Polish truck driver who was admitted as a COVID-19 suspicion case to our hospital after a short stay in northern Italy and was eventually diagnosed with fulminant Capnocytophaga canimorsus sepsis. In retrospect, the patient always had his dog with him in the truck cab and was regularly licked in the face. Following adequate therapy, the patient recovered completely after 8 weeks and was discharged from the hospital in good general condition."}, {"pmid": 32159735, "title": "Care for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Murthy, Srinivas", "Gomersall, Charles D", "Fowler, Robert A"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159735", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515651, "title": "Clinical characteristics of foreign-imported COVID-19 cases in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Xu-Hui", "Lu, Shui-Hua", "Chen, Jun", "Xia, Lu", "Yang, Zong-Guo", "Charles, Stratton", "Yang, Yang", "Lin, Yun", "Lu, Hong-Zhou"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515651", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384917, "pmcid": "PMC7209766", "title": "COVID-19 and ECMO: the interplay between coagulation and inflammation-a narrative review.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Kowalewski, Mariusz", "Fina, Dario", "Slomka, Artur", "Raffa, Giuseppe Maria", "Martucci, Gennaro", "Lo Coco, Valeria", "De Piero, Maria Elena", "Ranucci, Marco", "Suwalski, Piotr", "Lorusso, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384917", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has presently become a rapidly spreading and devastating global pandemic. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) may serve as life-saving rescue therapy for refractory respiratory failure in the setting of acute respiratory compromise such as that induced by SARS-CoV-2. While still little is known on the true efficacy of ECMO in this setting, the natural resemblance of seasonal influenza's characteristics with respect to acute onset, initial symptoms, and some complications prompt to ECMO implantation in most severe, pulmonary decompensated patients. The present review summarizes the evidence on ECMO management of severe ARDS in light of recent COVID-19 pandemic, at the same time focusing on differences and similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and ECMO in terms of hematological and inflammatory interplay when these two settings merge."}, {"pmid": 32527380, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 in the Employees of a Large University Hospital.", "journal": "Dtsch Arztebl Int", "authors": ["Schwierzeck, Vera", "Correa-Martinez, Carlos Luis", "Schneider, Kristian Nikolaus", "Mellmann, Alexander", "Hennies, Marc Tim", "Hafezi, Wali", "Czeschinski, Peter", "Kampmeier, Stefanie"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527380", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312584, "pmcid": "PMC7152882", "title": "Operating during the COVID-19 pandemic: How to reduce medical error.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Ellis, R", "Hay-David, A G C", "Brennan, P A"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312584", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our professional and private lives changed on March 11 2020 when the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO. By March 16, surgical training was suspended, MRCS and FRCS examinations cancelled and all courses postponed. In theory, essential cancer surgery, emergency and trauma operating will continue. All elective, non-essential cases are currently cancelled. While we adapt to our new ways of working, we remind ourselves that surgeons are flexible, resilient and, ultimately, we are doctors in the first instance. We present a short article on operating during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32078048, "pmcid": "PMC7088419", "title": "Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis.", "journal": "Clin Oral Investig", "authors": ["Sabino-Silva, Robinson", "Jardim, Ana Carolina Gomes", "Siqueira, Walter L"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32078048", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389851, "pmcid": "PMC7204705", "title": "COVID-19 and religious congregations: Implications for spread of novel pathogens.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Quadri, Sayed A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is ravaging the world. A principal preventive strategy is practicing social distancing. Congregations of the faithful at the local and transnational levels are strongly recommended by several world religions and religious orders, however, a gathering of large numbers of people in close approximation could be fertile ground for the spread of novel pathogens. The refusal to suspend such gatherings could lead to potential widespread dispersal of infections."}, {"pmid": 32385989, "title": "[Glucocorticoid for coronavirus disease 2019: a dilemma].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Du, Xinxin", "Yu, Xiangyou"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385989", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452447, "pmcid": "PMC7179480", "title": "Corrigendum to \"COVID-19 in forensic medicine unit personnel: Observation from Thailand\" [J Forensic Legal Med 72 May 2020, 101964].", "journal": "J Forensic Leg Med", "authors": ["Sriwijitalai, Won", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452447", "countries": ["Thailand"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425716, "pmcid": "PMC7233234", "title": "JMIG during the COVID-19 Crisis: Drawing on our International Expertise.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Frishman, Gary N", "Falcone, Tommaso"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425716", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332294, "pmcid": "PMC7188051", "title": "One Size Does Not Fit All: How to Rapidly Deploy Intubation Practice Changes in a Pediatric Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Brown, Sarah", "Verma, Shilpa", "Lean, Alexa", "Patrao, Fiona"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332294", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388178, "pmcid": "PMC7203023", "title": "Psychosis in a patient with anxiety related to COVID-19: A case report.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Huarcaya-Victoria, Jeff", "Herrera, Dwight", "Castillo, Claudia"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388178", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484130, "title": "COVID-19 associated central nervous system vasculopathy.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Matos, Ana Rita", "Quintas-Neves, Miguel", "Oliveira, Ana Isabel", "Dias, Luis", "Marques, Sofia", "Carvalho, Raquel", "Alves, Jose Nuno"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484130", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485894, "title": "In Silico Evaluation of the Effectivity of Approved Protease Inhibitors against the Main Protease of the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Virus.", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Eleftheriou, Phaedra", "Amanatidou, Dionysia", "Petrou, Anthi", "Geronikaki, Athina"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485894", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease, COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which first emerged in Wuhan, China and was made known to the World in December 2019 turned into a pandemic causing more than 126,124 deaths worldwide up to April 16th, 2020. It has 79.5% sequence identity with SARS-CoV-1 and the same strategy for host cell invasion through the ACE-2 surface protein. Since the development of novel drugs is a long-lasting process, researchers look for effective substances among drugs already approved or developed for other purposes. The 3D structure of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease was compared with the 3D structures of seven proteases, which are drug targets, and docking analysis to the SARS-CoV-2 protease structure of thirty four approved and on-trial protease inhibitors was performed. Increased 3D structural similarity between the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, the HCV protease and \u03b1-thrombin was found. According to docking analysis the most promising results were found for HCV protease, DPP-4, \u03b1-thrombin and coagulation Factor Xa known inhibitors, with several of them exhibiting estimated free binding energy lower than -8.00 kcal/mol and better prediction results than reference compounds. Since some of the compounds are well-tolerated drugs, the promising in silico results may warrant further evaluation for viral anticipation. DPP-4 inhibitors with anti-viral action may be more useful for infected patients with diabetes, while anti-coagulant treatment is proposed in severe SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32306408, "pmcid": "PMC7264562", "title": "Surge capacity of intensive care units in case of acute increase in demand caused by COVID-19 in Australia.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Litton, Edward", "Bucci, Tamara", "Chavan, Shaila", "Ho, Yvonne Y", "Holley, Anthony", "Howard, Gretta", "Huckson, Sue", "Kwong, Philomena", "Millar, Johnny", "Nguyen, Nhi", "Secombe, Paul", "Ziegenfuss, Marc", "Pilcher, David"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306408", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the capacity of intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia to respond to the expected increase in demand associated with COVID-19. Analysis of Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) registry data, supplemented by an ICU surge capability survey and veterinary facilities survey (both March 2020). All Australian ICUs and veterinary facilities. Baseline numbers of ICU beds, ventilators, dialysis machines, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation machines, intravenous infusion pumps, and staff (senior medical staff, registered nurses); incremental capability to increase capacity (surge) by increasing ICU bed numbers; ventilator-to-bed ratios; number of ventilators in veterinary facilities. The 191 ICUs in Australia provide 2378 intensive care beds during baseline activity (9.3 ICU beds per 100\u00a0000 population). Of the 175 ICUs that responded to the surge survey (with 2228 intensive care beds), a maximal surge would add an additional 4258 intensive care beds (191% increase) and 2631 invasive ventilators (120% increase). This surge would require additional staffing of as many as 4092 senior doctors (245% increase over baseline) and 42\u00a0720 registered ICU nurses (269% increase over baseline). An additional 188 ventilators are available in veterinary facilities, including 179 human model ventilators. The directors of Australian ICUs report that intensive care bed capacity could be near tripled in response to the expected increase in demand caused by COVID-19. But maximal surge in bed numbers could be hampered by a shortfall in invasive ventilators and would also require a large increase in clinician and nursing staff numbers."}, {"pmid": 32506885, "title": "Study on the cleaning effect of medical protective positive pressure air supply respirator during COVID-19.", "journal": "Panminerva Med", "authors": ["Mo, Junjun", "Xu, Xiaowei", "Shen, Hongmei", "Huang, Fang", "Wang, Qun", "Lv, Bei", "Chen, Bocheng"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506885", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505245, "title": "COVID-19 vaccine development pipeline gears up.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Mullard, Asher"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505245", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344467, "pmcid": "PMC7267313", "title": "What do monitoring platelet counts in COVID-19 teach us?", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Thachil, Jecko"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344467", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420631, "title": "Prevision of multidisciplinary head and neck cancer survivorship care during the 2019 novel coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Nilsen, Marci Lee", "Clump, David A 2nd", "Kubik, Mark", "Losego, Karen", "Mrozek, Alyssa", "Pawlowicz, Elizabeth", "Pickford, Debra", "Sridharan, Shaum", "Traylor, Katie", "Wasserman-Wincko, Tamara", "Young, Kelly", "Zandberg, Dan", "Johnson, Jonas T"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420631", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic challenges the delivery of care for patients with head and neck cancer. An important aspect of this care has been the evolution of enhanced survivorship services, which include surveillance for recurring cancer and prevention of second primaries. The application of evidence-based approaches to the identification and management of treatment and tumor-related toxicities has embraced the use of validated patient-reported outcomes instruments, health promotion, and care coordination. In this manuscript, we describe how our multidisciplinary team of survivorship providers has accommodated to the need to provide patients with social distancing while acknowledging the importance of continued care during treatment and through the spectrum of survivorship."}, {"pmid": 32439074, "pmcid": "PMC7205730", "title": "COVID-19 and Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine: Is There Ophthalmological Concern?", "journal": "Am J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Marmor, Michael F"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439074", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245769, "title": "Managing clinical trials for covid-19: the importance of ethics committees.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Luo, Qiankun", "Qin, Tao"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245769", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433356, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery in University Hospitals in Germany: Results of a Nationwide Survey.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Haffer, Henryk", "Schomig, Friederike", "Rickert, Markus", "Randau, Thomas", "Raschke, Michael", "Wirtz, Dieter", "Pumberger, Matthias", "Perka, Carsten"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433356", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on orthopaedic and trauma surgery departments in university hospitals in Germany in order to clarify current challenges. In this cross-sectional study, an online-based anonymous survey was conducted within the Convention of University Professors of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery in Germany from April 3 to April 11, 2020. A bipolar 5-point Likert scale (with possible responses of \"totally disagree,\" \"rather disagree,\" \"neutral,\" \"rather agree,\" and \"totally agree\") was applied. Fifty-two (69.3%) of 75 clinic directors participated. Communication and cooperation with the government, hospital administration, and other departments during the COVID-19 pandemic were mainly perceived as appropriate. However, only 7 respondents (13.7%) totally agreed or rather agreed with the statement that the authorities are supporters of orthopaedic and trauma surgery departments. Substantial financial and personnel changes in orthopaedic and trauma surgery departments of university hospitals were reported, resulting in an average reduction of 49.4% in operating room capacity and an expected 29.3% loss of revenue. In addition, 14.7% of physicians were reallocated from orthopaedic and trauma surgery to other care-delivery environments. Our study demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on orthopaedic and trauma surgery departments in German university hospitals. Distinct structural and financial effects were noted. Nevertheless, the present study demonstrates the commitment of our specialty to overcome the pandemic by providing competent personnel as well as close cooperation with the hospital administration and other departments. To our knowledge, this is the first Germany-wide survey among the heads of orthopaedic and trauma surgery departments in university hospitals on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey results may help to inform system-wide decision-making in Germany, in Europe, and beyond."}, {"pmid": 32468980, "title": "Coronavirus and exceptional health situations: the first disaster with benefits on air pollution.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Bouillon-Minois, Jean-Baptiste", "Lesage, Francois-Xavier", "Schmidt, Jeannot", "Dutheil, Frederic"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468980", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396903, "title": "Venous Thromboembolism Complicated with COVID-19: What Do We Know So Far?", "journal": "Acta Haematol", "authors": ["Tal, Shir", "Spectre, Galia", "Kornowski, Ran", "Perl, Leor"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396903", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is responsible for the ongoing 2019-2020 pandemic. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a frequent cardiovascular and/or respiratory complication among hospitalized patients, is one of the known sequelae of the illness. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients are often elderly, immobile, and show signs of coagulopathy. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume a high incidence of VTE among these patients. Presently, the incidence of VTE is estimated at around 25% of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit for COVID-19 even under anticoagulant treatment at prophylactic doses. In this review, we discuss present knowledge of the topic, the unique challenges of diagnosis and treatment of VTE, as well as some of the potential mechanisms of increased risk for VTE during the illness. Understanding the true impact of VTE on patients with COVID-19 will potentially improve our ability to reach a timely diagnosis and initiate proper treatment, mitigating the risk for this susceptible population during a complicated disease."}, {"pmid": 32472325, "pmcid": "PMC7260125", "title": "The role of a Coronavirus disease 2019 pharmacist: an Australian perspective.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharm", "authors": ["Nguy, Jenny", "Hitchen, Sarah A", "Hort, Adam L", "Huynh, Cindy", "Rawlins, Matthew D M"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472325", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly impacted healthcare services around the world. Pharmacists are front-line healthcare professionals and integral members of the healthcare team. The deployment of a specialized 'COVID pharmacist' within our institution has demonstrated that the skills of the pharmacist can be adapted, expanded and utilized to alleviate the pressure of doctor shortages, reduce healthcare worker exposure to infected patients, contribute to therapeutic decisions and work collaboratively to tackle the challenges faced during this pandemic. This commentary details an Australian hospital pharmacy response to the COVID-19 pandemic, describing the unique clinical and practical contributions made by a specialized COVID pharmacist in our institution."}, {"pmid": 32205796, "title": "How COVID-19 Outbreak Is Impacting Colorectal Cancer Patients in Italy: A Long Shadow Beyond Infection.", "journal": "Dis Colon Rectum", "authors": ["Pellino, Gianluca", "Spinelli, Antonino"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205796", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463454, "title": "Alterations in smell or taste - Classic COVID-19?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Trubiano, Jason A", "Vogrin, Sara", "Kwong, Jason C", "Homes, Natasha"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463454", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331246, "pmcid": "PMC7230235", "title": "Questionnaire on Perception of Threat from COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Perez-Fuentes, Maria Del Carmen", "Molero Jurado, Maria Del Mar", "Oropesa Ruiz, Nieves Fatima", "Martos Martinez, Africa", "Simon Marquez, Maria Del Mar", "Herrera-Peco, Ivan", "Gazquez Linares, Jose Jesus"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331246", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ravages caused by the disease known as COVID-19 has led to a worldwide healthcare and social emergency requiring an effective combined effort from everyone to reduce contagion. Under these circumstances, the perception of the disease is going to have a relevant role in the individual's psychological adjustment. However, at the present time there is no validated instrument for evaluating adult perception of threat from COVID-19. Considering the importance of perception or representation of the disease in a state of social alert, our study intended to validate an instrument measuring the psychological process of the disease caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19). In view of the above, this study evaluated the factor structure and reliability of the version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) for COVID-19 in a sample of adults. The sample consisted of 1014 Spanish adults (67.2% women and 32.8% men). The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a unidimensional model of the scale, which was the one that showed the best fit and explained 43.87% of the variance. This brief version has adequate psychometric properties and may be used to evaluate the perception of threat from COVID-19 in an adult Spanish population. The validation of this instrument contributes to progress in representation of COVID-19 in our culture."}, {"pmid": 32386670, "pmcid": "PMC7252051", "title": "A new modification of a visor mask for use with a head-light and loupes.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Barraclough, J", "Parmar, J"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386670", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444880, "title": "Clinical Features and Outcomes of 105 Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Seattle, Washington.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Buckner, Frederick S", "McCulloch, Denise J", "Atluri, Vidya", "Blain, Michela", "McGuffin, Sarah A", "Nalla, Arun K", "Huang, Meei-Li", "Greninger, Alex L", "Jerome, Keith R", "Cohen, Seth A", "Neme, Santiago", "Green, Margaret L", "Chu, Helen Y", "Kim, H Nina"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444880", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Washington State served as the initial epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United States. An understanding of the risk factors and clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 may provide guidance for management. All laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in adults admitted to an academic medical center in Seattle, WA between March 2 and March 26, 2020 were included. We evaluated individuals with and without severe disease, defined as admission to the intensive care unit or death. One-hundred-five COVID-19 patients were hospitalized. Thirty-five percent were admitted from a senior home or skilled nursing facility. The median age was 69 years and half were women.Three or more comorbidities were present in 55% of patients, with hypertension (59%), obesity (47%), cardiovascular disease (38%) and diabetes (33%) being the most prevalent. Most (63%) had symptoms for 5 days or longer prior to admission. Only 39% had fever in the first 24 hours, whereas 41% had hypoxia at admission. Seventy-three percent of patients had lymphopenia. Of 50 samples available for additional testing, no viral coinfections were identified. Severe disease occurred in 49%. Eighteen percent of patients were placed on mechanical ventilation and the overall mortality rate was 33%. During the early days of the COVID-19 epidemic in Washington State, the disease had its greatest impact on elderly patients with medical comorbidities. We observed high rates of severe disease and mortality in our hospitalized patients."}, {"pmid": 32191689, "title": "Initial Investigation of Transmission of COVID-19 Among Crew Members During Quarantine of a Cruise Ship - Yokohama, Japan, February 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Kakimoto, Kensaku", "Kamiya, Hajime", "Yamagishi, Takuya", "Matsui, Tamano", "Suzuki, Motoi", "Wakita, Takaji"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191689", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among passengers and crew on a cruise ship led to quarantine of approximately 3,700 passengers and crew that began on February 3, 2020, and lasted for nearly 4 weeks at the Port of Yokohama, Japan (1). By February 9, 20 cases had occurred among the ship's crew members. By the end of quarantine, approximately 700 cases of COVID-19 had been laboratory-confirmed among passengers and crew. This report describes findings from the initial phase of the cruise ship investigation into COVID-19 cases among crew members during February 4-12, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32454982, "pmcid": "PMC7233677", "title": "Amid COVID-19: the importance of developing an positive adverse drug reaction (ADR) and medical device incident (MDI) reporting culture for Global Health and public safety.", "journal": "J Pharm Policy Pract", "authors": ["Elbeddini, Ali", "Yeats, Aniko", "Lee, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454982", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amid COVID-19 Crisis, reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and medical device incidents (MDIs) to Health Canada or health authorities in every country is crucial for monitoring medication safety and improving public health. Health Canada, for example, through their online database, has facilitated the process of reporting side effects relating to drugs and medical devices. However, several patients and health care professionals still fail to voluntarily report adverse events. For health care providers, some barriers to reporting may include fear of negative feedback, apathy, legal concerns, and uncertainty about whether an incident qualifies as an ADR. In the current COVID-19 Crisis, it is especially important for health care providers to be diligent about reporting Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), since misinformation propagated by the media is causing patients to misuse certain medications. We need to shift the current thought process about ADR reporting in order to encourage a positive reporting culture by patients and health care providers."}, {"pmid": 32371362, "pmcid": "PMC7252028", "title": "Mesenchymal stem cell (MSc) secretome: A possible therapeutic strategy for intensive-care COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Deffune, Elenice", "Prudenciatti, Arua", "Moroz, Andrei"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371362", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As an emerging global health challenge, COVID-19 requires international knowledge to reach novel possible therapeutic strategies, especially for intensive-care patients. During the early stages of infection, pneumocytes II are the primary infected cells, harming the respiratory system. We have previous evidence in murine models that MSc's secretome can be used to treat pulmonary injuries induced with bleomycin, due to its content: growth factors, extracellular vesicles, and exosomes. We hypothesize and strongly recommend MSc secretome testing and production, in xenofree conditions, to be used as an alternative approach in SARS-Cov-2 patients in critical conditions."}, {"pmid": 32512051, "title": "Novel Educational Responses to COVID-19: What is Here to Stay?", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Pitt, Michael B", "Li, Su-Ting Terry", "Klein, Melissa"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512051", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438383, "title": "Inhaled modified angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a decoy to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Ameratunga, Rohan", "Lehnert, Klaus", "Leung, Euphemia", "Comoletti, Davide", "Snell, Russell", "Woon, See-Tarn", "Abbott, William", "Mears, Emily", "Steele, Richard", "McKee, Jeff", "Muscroft-Taylor, Andrew", "Ameratunga, Shanthi", "Medlicott, Natalie", "Das, Shyamal", "Rolleston, William", "Quinones-Mateu, Miguel", "Petousis-Harris, Helen", "Jordan, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438383", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a new zoonotic disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Since its emergence in Wuhan City, China, the virus has rapidly spread across the globe causing calamitous health, economic and societal consequences. It causes disproportionately severe disease in the elderly and those with co-morbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes. There is currently no proven treatment for COVID-19 and a safe and effective vaccine is at least a year away. The virus gains access to the respiratory epithelium through cell surface angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The receptor binding domain (RBD) of the virus is unlikely to mutate without loss of pathogenicity and thus represents an attractive target for antiviral treatment. Inhaled modified recombinant human ACE2, may bind SARS-CoV-2 and mitigate lung damage. This decoy strategy is unlikely to provoke an adverse immune response and may reduce morbidity and mortality in high-risk groups."}, {"pmid": 32515084, "title": "Caring for the carers: Advice for dealing with sleep problems of hospital staff during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Sleep Res", "authors": ["Ballesio, Andrea", "Lombardo, Caterina", "Lucidi, Fabio", "Violani, Cristiano"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515084", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hospital staff are at the frontline in the COVID-19 outbreak. The stressors they experience may induce sleep problems in a population already at risk. Sleep deprivation, long shifts and insomnia in hospital staff have been associated with individual, organizational and public health hazards. These include increased risk of mental and somatic disorders, altered immune responses, medical errors, misunderstandings, drowsy driving and burnout. In March 2020, the World Health Organization called for providing access to mental health and counselling for health professionals involved in the COVID-19 outbreak. To answer this call, we propose practical advice for the management of sleep problems (sleep deprivation, insomnia and shift work) that can be included in supportive interventions. The advice is based on psychobiological principles of sleep regulation and on guidelines for the treatment of insomnia and was implemented within an initiative offering psychological support to the staff of three university hospitals in Rome."}, {"pmid": 32464695, "title": "Enclosure with augmented airflow to decrease risk of exposure to aerosolized pathogens including coronavirus during endotracheal intubation. Can the reduction in aerosolized particles be quantified?", "journal": "Paediatr Anaesth", "authors": ["Bryant, Jason", "Tobias, Joseph D"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464695", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) has impacted hospital routines in recent weeks, recommendations to reduce health care worker infections are being developed. We report preliminary experience with the efficacy of an enclosure with augmented airflow to decrease the risk of exposure to aerosolized pathogens during airway management including endotracheal intubation. A particle generator was used to test the efficacy of the reduction of aerosolized particles by measuring their concentration within the enclosure and in the environment. No reductionin the concentration of aerosolized particles was noted with the enclosure flap open, whether the interior suction was on or off. However, with the enclosure closed and no augmented air flow (suction off), the particle concentration decreased to 1.2% of baseline. The concentration decreased even further, to 0.8% of baseline with the enclosure closed with augmented airflow (suction on). Aerosolized particulate contamination in the operating room can be decreased using a clear plastic enclosure with minimal openings and augmented airflow. This may serve to decrease the exposure of healthcare providers to aerosolized pathogens."}, {"pmid": 32395864, "pmcid": "PMC7273061", "title": "Can the 2019 novel coronavirus cause Parkinson's disease?", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Abderrahmane, Achbani", "Hasnaa, Sine", "Aziz, Naciri", "Amine, Baba Mohamed", "Ahmed, Kharbach", "Youssef, Bouchriti", "Nejmeddine, Mohamed"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395864", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503659, "pmcid": "PMC7274509", "title": "Body temperature correlates with mortality in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Tharakan, Serena", "Nomoto, Koichi", "Miyashita, Satoshi", "Ishikawa, Kiyotake"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503659", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385990, "title": "[Visualization analysis on treatment of coronavirus based on knowledge graph].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Yi, Wei", "Wang, Yu", "Tang, Jianqiao", "Xiong, Xiaoli", "Zhang, Yuesheng", "Yan, Suqi"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385990", "countries": ["Canada", "Netherlands", "Germany", "China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss the research progress in the field of coronavirus (CoVs) treatment based on the visualization analysis of knowledge graph. The related literatures in the field of CoVs treatment were retrieved from the establishment of Web of Science core collection database to February 15th, 2020, and the literature analysis tool of Web of Science database was used to count the annual trend of published literatures. The VOSviewer software was used to analyze the relationship among countries, institutions, authors, clustering and density of subject words. The HistCite software was used to screen important documents and to draw the evolution process of hot spots. The CiteSpace software was used to analyze the breakout points of subject words, so as to find the front and hot spots in this field. A total of 1 747 data were retrieved, with the exception of 17 duplicate data, and 1 730 data were retained for visualization analysis. In terms of literature volume, the literatures on CoVs therapy rose after 2003 and 2012, and the number of published literatures had remained high since 2014. In terms of countries, the main countries that carried out the research on the treatment of CoVs were the United States (n = 613), China (n = 582), Germany (n = 122), Canada (n = 99), etc., and the cooperation among countries was close. In terms of institutions, the number of papers issued by Chinese Academy of Sciences in the field of CoVs treatment ranked first (n = 82), followed by University of Hong Kong of China (n = 74) and Chinese University of Hong Kong of China (n = 58), followed by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (n = 37), and the cooperation among various institutions was close. In terms of literature authors, there were two high-yielding authors in the United States [Ralph S. Baric (n = 21) and Kuochen Chou (n = 17)], two Chinese authors [Yuen Kwok-yung (n = 17) and Jiang Shibo (n = 16)] and one Dutch author [Eric J. Snijder (n = 17)]. In terms of the cluster analysis of authors, the authors were closely related in reverse genetics, respiratory infection, receptor binding domain, etc., and the 15 top-cited papers came mainly from China, the United States, Netherlands and other countries, and the literature content represented the frontiers and hot spots in different periods. The treatment hot spots focused on preventing virus adsorption, inhibiting the virus gene nucleic acid replication, transcription and translation. The main subject words were divided into three main categories, namely, CoVs epidemiology, basic research and drug development, in which basic research and drug development were strongly correlated. In the subject words breakthrough analysis, there were time-related breakthrough points in 1991, 1996 and 2002, and the \"diagnosis\" and \"sequence\" were continuous hot spots. Through the visualization analysis of knowledge graph, the development trend and hot spots of CoVs therapy research could be well observed. In this study, the degree of attention in the field of CoVs treatment showed periodic changes, related to the outbreak of new CoVs, and the country, institutions and the author were closely related. The treatment hot spots focused on preventing virus adsorption, inhibiting the virus gene nucleic acid replication, transcription and translation in order to develop new targets of drug."}, {"pmid": 32300018, "pmcid": "PMC7211934", "title": "Demographic science aids in understanding the spread and fatality rates of COVID-19.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Dowd, Jennifer Beam", "Andriano, Liliana", "Brazel, David M", "Rotondi, Valentina", "Block, Per", "Ding, Xuejie", "Liu, Yan", "Mills, Melinda C"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300018", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Governments around the world must rapidly mobilize and make difficult policy decisions to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Because deaths have been concentrated at older ages, we highlight the important role of demography, particularly, how the age structure of a population may help explain differences in fatality rates across countries and how transmission unfolds. We examine the role of age structure in deaths thus far in Italy and South Korea and illustrate how the pandemic could unfold in populations with similar population sizes but different age structures, showing a dramatically higher burden of mortality in countries with older versus younger populations. This powerful interaction of demography and current age-specific mortality for COVID-19 suggests that social distancing and other policies to slow transmission should consider the age composition of local and national contexts as well as intergenerational interactions. We also call for countries to provide case and fatality data disaggregated by age and sex to improve real-time targeted forecasting of hospitalization and critical care needs."}, {"pmid": 32451268, "pmcid": "PMC7200343", "title": "The Australian Institute of Sport framework for rebooting sport in a COVID-19 environment.", "journal": "J Sci Med Sport", "authors": ["Hughes, David", "Saw, Richard", "Perera, Nirmala Kanthi Panagodage", "Mooney, Mathew", "Wallett, Alice", "Cooke, Jennifer", "Coatsworth, Nick", "Broderick, Carolyn"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451268", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sport makes an important contribution to the physical, psychological and emotional well-being of Australians. The economic contribution of sport is equivalent to 2-3% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects on communities globally, leading to significant restrictions on all sectors of society, including sport. Resumption of sport can significantly contribute to the re-establishment of normality in Australian society. The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), in consultation with sport partners (National Institute Network (NIN) Directors, NIN Chief Medical Officers (CMOs), National Sporting Organisation (NSO) Presidents, NSO Performance Directors and NSO CMOs), has developed a framework to inform the resumption of sport. National Principles for Resumption of Sport were used as a guide in the development of 'the AIS Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment' (the AIS Framework); and based on current best evidence, and guidelines from the Australian Federal Government, extrapolated into the sporting context by specialists in sport and exercise medicine, infectious diseases and public health. The principles outlined in this document apply to high performance/professional, community and individual passive (non-contact) sport. The AIS Framework is a timely tool of minimum baseline of standards, for 'how' reintroduction of sport activity will occur in a cautious and methodical manner, based on the best available evidence to optimise athlete and community safety. Decisions regarding the timing of resumption (the 'when') of sporting activity must be made in close consultation with Federal, State/Territory and/or Local Public Health Authorities. The priority at all times must be to preserve public health, minimising the risk of community transmission."}, {"pmid": 32484418, "title": "Focal Cerebral Arteriopathy in a COVID-19 Pediatric Patient.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Mirzaee, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi", "Goncalves, Fabricio Guimaraes", "Mohammadifard, Mahyar", "Tavakoli, Shirin Mojgan", "Vossough, Arastoo"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484418", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449224, "title": "Analysis of the clinical characteristics, drug treatments and prognoses of 136 patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Clin Pharm Ther", "authors": ["Yang, Qiuxiang", "Xie, Ling", "Zhang, Wei", "Zhao, Lin", "Wu, HuaJun", "Jiang, Jie", "Zou, Jili", "Liu, Jianguang", "Wu, Jun", "Chen, Yonggang", "Wu, Jinhu"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449224", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the December 2019 discovery of several cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, the infection has spread worldwide. Our aim is to report on the clinical characteristics, treatments and prognoses of COVID-19. This was a retrospective, single-centre, case series of 136 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 at Wuhan Third Hospital in Wuhan, China, between 28 January 2020 and 12 February 2020. The clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, treatment features and prognoses were summarized. The 136 patients were divided into a moderate (M) group (n\u00a0=\u00a0103, 75.7%) and a severe and critical (SC) group (n\u00a0=\u00a033, 24.3%). There were significant differences in the incidences of concomitant chronic medical illnesses (eg, hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease), fever, dry cough and dyspnoea among the two groups (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05). Compared with those in the M group, lymphocyte count (LYM) decreased significantly in the SC group, while the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), creatinine (Cre), D-dimer, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), myoglobin (MB) and troponin I (cTnl) increased significantly in the SC group (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05). The main therapeutic drugs were antivirals, antibiotics, glucocorticoids, immunomodulators, traditional Chinese medicine preparations and symptomatic support drugs. There were significant differences in the incidences of shock, myocardial injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and renal injury among the two groups (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05). Among the 136 patients, 99 (72.7%) were cured, 14 (10.3%) were transferred to other hospital and 23 (16.9%) died. Elderly patients with chronic diseases are more likely to develop severe or critical COVID-19 with multiple organ damage or systemic injuries. The improvement of LYM and CRP may be associated with the prognoses of COVID-19. The combined use of three or more antiviral drugs is to be avoided. The combination of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs is not recommended and the risk of drug-induced liver injury should be monitored. Throughout a patient's hospitalization, their treatment plan should be evaluated and adjusted according to their vital signs, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging changes. Patients should receive effective psychological counselling."}, {"pmid": 32250978, "pmcid": "PMC7173083", "title": "Importance of oral and nasal decontamination for patients undergoing anesthetics during the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Loftus, Randy W", "Dexter, Franklin", "Parra, Michelle C", "Brown, Jeremiah R"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250978", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334182, "pmcid": "PMC7194967", "title": "How to improve adherence with quarantine: rapid review of the evidence.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Webster, R K", "Brooks, S K", "Smith, L E", "Woodland, L", "Wessely, S", "Rubin, G J"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334182", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The December 2019 outbreak of coronavirus has once again thrown the vexed issue of quarantine into the spotlight, with many countries asking their citizens to 'self-isolate' if they have potentially come into contact with the infection. However, adhering to quarantine is difficult. Decisions on how to apply quarantine should be based on the best available evidence to increase the likelihood of people adhering to protocols. We conducted a rapid review to identify factors associated with adherence to quarantine during infectious disease outbreaks. The study design is a rapid evidence review. We searched Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science for published literature on the reasons for and factors associated with adherence to quarantine during an infectious disease outbreak. We found 3163 articles and included 14 in the review. Adherence to quarantine ranged from as little as 0 up to 92.8%. The main factors which influenced or were associated with adherence decisions were the knowledge people had about the disease and quarantine procedure, social norms, perceived benefits of quarantine and perceived risk of the disease, as well as practical issues such as running out of supplies or the financial consequences of being out of work. People vary in their adherence to quarantine during infectious disease outbreaks. To improve this, public health officials should provide a timely, clear rationale for quarantine and information about protocols; emphasise social norms to encourage this altruistic behaviour; increase the perceived benefit that engaging in quarantine will have on public health; and ensure that sufficient supplies of food, medication and other essentials are provided."}, {"pmid": 32320359, "title": "The Prevalence, Characteristics, and Prevention Status of Skin Injury Caused by Personal Protective Equipment Among Medical Staff in Fighting COVID-19: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study.", "journal": "Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle)", "authors": ["Jiang, Qixia", "Song, Siping", "Zhou, Jihong", "Liu, Yuxiu", "Chen, Aihua", "Bai, Yuxuan", "Wang, Jing", "Jiang, Zhixia", "Zhang, Yanhong", "Liu, Haiying", "Hua, Jiao", "Guo, Jinli", "Han, Qiuying", "Tang, Yongli", "Xue, Jiayu"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320359", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and preventive status of skin injuries caused by personal protective equipment (PPE) in medical staff. Approach: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online for understanding skin injuries among medical staff fighting COVID-19 in February 8-22, 2020. Participants voluntarily answered and submitted the questionnaire with cell phone. The questionnaire items included demographic data, grade of PPE and daily wearing time, skin injury types, anatomical sites, and preventive measures. Univariable analyses and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors associated with skin injuries. Results: A total of 4,308 respondents were collected from 161 hospitals and 4,306 respondents were valid. The overall prevalence of skin injuries was 42.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 41.30-44.30) with three types of device-related pressure injuries, moist-associated skin damage, and skin tear. Co-skin injuries and multiple location injuries were 27.4% and 76.8%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis indicated that sweating (95% CI for odds ratio [OR] 87.52-163.11), daily wearing time (95% CI for OR 1.61-3.21), male (95% CI for OR 1.11-2.13), and grade 3 PPE (95% CI for OR 1.08-2.01) were associated with skin injuries. Only 17.7% of respondents took prevention and 45.0% of skin injuries were treated. Innovation: This is the first cross-sectional survey to understand skin injuries in medical staff caused by PPE, which is expected to be a benchmark. Conclusion: The skin injuries among medical staff are serious, with insufficient prevention and treatment. A comprehensive program should be taken in the future."}, {"pmid": 32495819, "title": "Effects of COVID-19 on Plastic Surgery Practices and Medi-Spas in Different Countries.", "journal": "Aesthet Surg J", "authors": ["Montemurro, Paolo", "Heden, Per", "Adams, William P", "de Vita, Roy", "Pellegatta, Tommaso"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495819", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221165, "pmcid": "PMC7258751", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Pediatric Department in Milan: A Logistic Rather Than a Clinical Emergency.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Chidini, Giovanna", "Villa, Cristina", "Calderini, Edoardo", "Marchisio, Paola", "De Luca, Daniele"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221165", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404302, "title": "EAPCI Position Statement on Invasive Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "EuroIntervention", "authors": ["Chieffo, Alaide", "Stefanini, Giulio G", "Price, Susanna", "Barbato, Emanuele", "Tarantini, Giuseppe", "Karam, Nicole", "Moreno, Raul", "Buchanan, Gill Louise", "Gilard, Martine", "Halvorsen, Sigrun", "Huber, Kurt", "James, Stefan", "Neumann, Franz-Josef", "Mollmann, Helge", "Roffi, Marco", "Tavazzi, Guido", "Ferre, Josepa Mauri", "Windecker, Stephan", "Dudek, Dariusz", "Baumbach, Andreas"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404302", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses an unprecedented challenge to healthcare worldwide. The infection can be life threatening and require intensive care treatment. The transmission of the disease poses a risk to both patients and healthcare workers. The number of patients requiring hospital admission and intensive care may overwhelm health systems and negatively affect standard care for patients presenting with conditions needing emergency interventions. This position statements aims to assist cardiologists in the invasive management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To that end, we assembled a panel of interventional cardiologists and acute cardiac care specialists appointed by the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) and from the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association (ACVC) and included the experience from the first and worst affected areas in Europe. Modified diagnostic and treatment algorithms are proposed to adapt evidence-based protocols for this unprecedented challenge. Various clinical scenarios, as well as management algorithms for patients with a diagnosed or suspected COVID-19 infection, presenting with ST- and non-ST-segment elevation ACS are described. In addition, we address the need for re-organization of ACS networks, with redistribution of hub and spoke hospitals, as well as for in-hospital reorganization of emergency rooms and cardiac units, with examples coming from multiple European countries. Furthermore, we provide a guidance to reorganization of catheterization laboratories and, importantly, measures for protection of healthcare providers involved with invasive procedures."}, {"pmid": 32324222, "pmcid": "PMC7188173", "title": "Switching to another antihypertensive effective drug when using ACEIs/ARBs to treat arterial hypertension during COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Ciulla, Michele M"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324222", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523073, "title": "Coronavirus R number hides raised risk for minority ethnic groups.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Uzoigwe, Chika"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523073", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241325, "pmcid": "PMC7160162", "title": "How Is COVID-19 Affecting South Korea? What Is Our Current Strategy?", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Her, Minyoung"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241325", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 is expanding globally. South Korea is one of the countries most affected by COVID-19 from the very early stages of this pandemic. Explosive outbreaks occurred across South Korea in the first two months, and efforts to control this new virus have involved everyone across the country. To curb the transmission of the virus, health-care professionals, committees, and governments have combined many approaches, such as extensive COVID-19 screening, effective patient triage, the transparent provision of information, and the use of information technology. This experience could provide some valuable ideas and lessons to others who are fighting against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32317204, "pmcid": "PMC7165114", "title": "iPad deployment for virtual evaluation in the emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Wittbold, Kelley A", "Baugh, Joshua J", "Yun, Brian J", "Raja, Ali S", "White, Benjamin A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514587, "title": "Oncocardiology: new challenges, new opportunities.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Michel, Lars", "Schadendorf, Dirk", "Rassaf, Tienush"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514587", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with cancer are at a\u00a0higher risk of cardiovascular disease, which contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. The rapid progress in the field of oncological treatments has led to a\u00a0steady increase in long-term cancer survivors. Care for cardiovascular complications is therefore becoming increasingly important. In addition, the establishment of new oncological therapies has resulted in the identification of previously unknown cardiovascular side effects. Oncocardiology aims to detect and treat cardiovascular diseases associated with cancer and cancer therapy. Continuous scientific, clinical, and structural developments are necessary as the basis for the best care of the growing number of affected patients. This review summarizes current developments in the field of oncocardiology with regard to advances in cancer therapy and challenges in clinical oncocardiology work. Cardiovascular side effects by targeted cancer therapies are characterized and recent advances in the field of cardiovascular diagnostics are outlined. Developments to better integrate oncocardiology into the medical care system and perspectives for modern, patient-oriented care are shown. In light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, current challenges and opportunities are highlighted. The relevance of profitable further advances in oncocardiology including standardized guidelines and educational programs is delineated as a\u00a0mandatory requirement for the successful development of oncocardiology."}, {"pmid": 32401847, "title": "The Heart and COVID-19: What Cardiologists Need to Know.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Costa, Isabela Bispo Santos da Silva", "Bittar, Cristina Salvadori", "Rizk, Stephanie Itala", "Araujo Filho, Antonio Everaldo de", "Santos, Karen Alcantara Queiroz", "Machado, Theuran Inahja Vicente", "Andrade, Fernanda Thereza de Almeida", "Gonzalez, Thalita Barbosa", "Arevalo, Andrea Nataly Galarza", "Almeida, Juliano Pinheiro de", "Bacal, Fernando", "Oliveira, Glaucia Maria Moraes de", "Lacerda, Marcus Vinicius Guimaraes de", "Barberato, Silvio Henrique", "Chagas, Antonio Carlos Palandri", "Rochitte, Carlos Eduardo", "Ramires, Jose Antonio Franchini", "Kalil Filho, Roberto", "Hajjar, Ludhmila Abrahao"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401847", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In face of the pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the management of patients with cardiovascular risk factors and/or disease is challenging. The cardiovascular complications evidenced in patients with COVID-19 derive from several mechanisms, ranging from direct viral injury to complications secondary to the inflammatory and thrombotic responses to the infection. The proper care of patients with COVID-19 requires special attention to the cardiovascular system aimed at better outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32416413, "pmcid": "PMC7204710", "title": "Covid-19 management with inflammation resolving mediators? Perspectives and potential.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Regidor, Pedro-Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416413", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233641, "title": "Network pharmacology-based analysis of the role of traditional Chinese herbal medicines in the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "authors": ["Yu, Shengwei", "Wang, Junwu", "Shen, Haitao"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233641", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus named COVID-19, which originated in Wuhan, China, has spread to many countries around the world. Currently, no effective medical treatment exists to combat this disease. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) have unique roles in the treatment of viral infections. In this article we analyzed the effectiveness and possible molecular mechanisms of CHM formulas for the prevention of COVID-19. The active ingredients and action targets of CHM formulas were obtained from the TCMSP database. Genes related to severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) were queried on the GeneCards database. The action mechanisms of these genes were predicted using a Gene Ontology (GO)-based functional enrichment and annotation tool and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). CHM formulas played a positive role in preventing COVID-19 and warrant further application. Our research provides new evidence to support the possible value of CHM formulas for the prevention of COVID-19. However, further clinical studies with large sample sizes are required to verify their effectiveness."}, {"pmid": 32412790, "title": "Diagnostic Tools for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Comparing CT and RT-PCR Viral Nucleic Acid Testing.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Waller, Joseph V", "Kaur, Parveer", "Tucker, Amy", "Lin, Keldon K", "Diaz, Michael J", "Henry, Travis S", "Hope, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412790", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. Multiple studies suggest CT should be a primary diagnostic tool for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) because they reported sensitivities with CT far superior to that of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. This review aimed to assess these reports and found chest CT to have a clinical utility that is limited, particularly for patients who show no symptoms and patients who are screened early in disease progression. CONCLUSION. CT has limited sensitivity for COVID-19 and a lower specificity than RT-PCR testing, and it carries a risk of exposing providers to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Chest CT should be considered a supplemental diagnostic tool, particularly for patients who show symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32533868, "title": "Guidance for the Procurement of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma: Differences between High and Low-Middle Income Countries.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Bloch, Evan M", "Goel, Ruchika", "Wendel, Silvano", "Burnouf, Thierry", "Al-Riyami, Arwa Z", "Ang, Ai Leen", "DeAngelis, Vincenzo", "Dumont, Larry J", "Land, Kevin", "Lee, Cheuk-Kwong", "Oreh, Adaeze", "Patidar, Gopal", "Spitalnik, Steven L", "Vermeulen, Marion", "Hindawi, Salwa", "Van den Berg, Karin", "Tiberghien, Pierre", "Vrielink, Hans", "Young, Pampee", "Devine, Dana", "So-Osman, Cynthia"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533868", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) has been used, predominantly in high-income countries (HICs) to treat COVID-19; available data suggest the safety and efficacy of use. We sought to develop guidance for procurement and use of CCP, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) for which data are lacking. A multidisciplinary, geographically representative group of individuals with expertise spanning transfusion medicine, infectious diseases and hematology was tasked with the development of a guidance document for CCP, drawing on expert opinion, survey of group members and review of available evidence. Three subgroups (i.e. donor, product and patient) were established based on self-identified expertise and interest. Here, the donor and product-related challenges are summarized and contrasted between HICs and LMICs with a view to guide related practices. The challenges to advance CCP therapy are different between HICs and LMICs. Early challenges in HICs related to recruitment and qualification of sufficient donors to meet the growing demand. Antibody testing also posed a specific obstacle given lack of standardization, variable performance of the assays in use and uncertain interpretation of results. In LMICs, an extant transfusion deficit, suboptimal models of donor recruitment (e.g. reliance on replacement and paid donors), limited laboratory capacity for pre-donation qualification and operational considerations could impede wide adoption. There has been wide scale adoption of CCP in many HICs, which could increase if clinical trials show efficacy of use. By contrast, LMICs, having received little attention, require locally applicable strategies for adoption of CCP."}, {"pmid": 32510771, "title": "COVID-19 In Lung Transplant Recipients: A Case Series From Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Morlacchi, Letizia Corinna", "Rossetti, Valeria", "Gigli, Lorenzo", "Amati, Francesco", "Rosso, Lorenzo", "Aliberti, Stefano", "Nosotti, Mario", "Blasi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510771", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Limited data is currently available regarding the course of COVID-19 in lung and solid organ transplant recipients. We hereby present 4 cases of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in lung transplant recipients from our centre, set in Milan, Italy. We reduced immunosuppressive regimen in all these patients, typically holding the antiproliferative agent and augmenting steroids; everybody received hydroxychloroquine, initial empiric antibiotic treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam and high dose low molecular weight heparin. Clinical course seemed favourable in three of our patients, but one of them deteriorated after 10 days of hospitalization, probably due to an acute form of graft dysfunction triggered both by COVID19 and a nosocomial bacterial infection, and eventually died. Although short-term prognosis could be considered benign in the majority of our patients, we should carefully monitor these individuals in order to detect early sign of clinical deterioration and graft dysfunction in the next few months."}, {"pmid": 32496914, "pmcid": "PMC7265881", "title": "Response by Zhang et al to Letter Regarding Article, \"Association of Inpatient Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers With Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized With COVID-19\".", "journal": "Circ Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Peng", "Zhu, Lihua", "Cai, Jingjing", "Lei, Fang", "Qin, Juan-Juan", "Wang, Yibin", "Yuan, Yufeng", "Rohit, Loomba", "Liu, Peter P", "Li, Hongliang"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496914", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388462, "pmcid": "PMC7204696", "title": "A glimpse into the eye of the COVID-19 cytokine storm.", "journal": "EBioMedicine", "authors": ["Kuppalli, Krutika", "Rasmussen, Angela L"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388462", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243535, "pmcid": "PMC7184429", "title": "Shenzhen' experience on containing 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia transmission.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Fang, Y", "Zhang, S", "Yu, Zhijian", "Wang, H", "Deng, Q"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243535", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478396, "title": "Lockdown to contain COVID-19 is a window of opportunity to prevent the second wave.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Bar-Yam, Yaneer", "Fisher, Dale"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478396", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406764, "title": "Monitoring for post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome with long-acting olanzapine during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Aust N Z J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Siskind, Dan", "Northwood, Korinne", "Berk, Michael", "Castle, David", "Galletly, Cherrie", "Harris, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467124, "title": "80-year-old man with dyspnoea and bilateral groundglass infiltrates: an elusive case of COVID-19.", "journal": "BMJ Case Rep", "authors": ["Samec, Matthew J", "Khawaja, Ali", "Patel, Ashokakumar M", "Dugani, Sagar B"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467124", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a novel viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 virus, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. COVID-19 has spread rapidly and is now considered a global pandemic. We present a case of a patient with minimal respiratory symptoms but prominent bilateral groundglass opacities in a 'crazy paving' pattern on chest CT imaging and a negative initial infectious workup. However, given persistent dyspnoea and labs suggestive of COVID-19 infection, the patient remained hospitalised for further monitoring. Forty-eight\u2009hours after initial testing, the PCR test was repeated and returned positive for COVID-19. This case illustrates the importance of clinical vigilance to retest patients for COVID-19, particularly in the absence of another compelling aetiology. As COVID-19 testing improves to rapidly generate results, selective retesting of patients may uncover additional COVID-19 cases and strengthen measures to minimise the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32430996, "title": "Potential effects of curcumin in the treatment of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Zahedipour, Fatemeh", "Hosseini, Seyede Atefe", "Sathyapalan, Thozhukat", "Majeed, Muhammed", "Jamialahmadi, Tannaz", "Al-Rasadi, Khalid", "Banach, Maciej", "Sahebkar, Amirhossein"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430996", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is an ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with considerable mortality worldwide. The main clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is the presence of respiratory symptoms, but some patients develop severe cardiovascular and renal complications. There is an urgency to understand the mechanism by which this virus causes complications so as to develop treatment options. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, could be a potential treatment option for patients with coronavirus disease. In this study, we review some of the potential effects of curcumin such as inhibiting the entry of virus to the cell, inhibiting encapsulation of the virus and viral protease as well as modulating various cellular signaling pathways. This review provides a basis for further research and development of clinical applications of curcumin for the treatment of newly emerged SARS-CoV-2. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32083985, "pmcid": "PMC7233368", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Perspective from China.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Zu, Zi Yue", "Jiang, Meng Di", "Xu, Peng Peng", "Chen, Wen", "Ni, Qian Qian", "Lu, Guang Ming", "Zhang, Long Jiang"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32083985", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and spread across China and beyond. On February 12, 2020, WHO officially named the disease caused by the novel coronavirus as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since most COVID-19 infected patients were diagnosed with pneumonia and characteristic CT imaging patterns, radiological examinations have become vital in early diagnosis and assessment of disease course. To date, CT findings have been recommended as major evidence for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 in Hubei, China. This review focuses on the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms of COVID-19, while highlighting the role of chest CT in prevention and disease control. A full translation of this article in Chinese is available."}, {"pmid": 32419701, "pmcid": "PMC7225711", "title": "[Necrotizing tracheobronchitis with endotracheal tube obstruction in COVID-19 patients].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Perez Acosta, G", "Santana-Cabrera, L"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419701", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32200400, "title": "Rapid Progression to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Review of Current Understanding of Critical Illness from COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Ann Acad Med Singapore", "authors": ["Goh, Ken J", "Choong, Mindy Cm", "Cheong, Elizabeth Ht", "Kalimuddin, Shirin", "Duu Wen, Sewa", "Phua, Ghee Chee", "Chan, Kian Sing", "Haja Mohideen, Salahudeen"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200400", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak that started in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019 has now extended across the globe with >100,000 cases and 3,000 deaths reported in 93 countries as of 7 March 2020. We report a case of COVID-19 infection in a 64-year-old man who developed rapidly worsening respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that required intubation. As the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 ranges widely from mild illness to ARDS with a high risk of mortality, there is a need for more research to identify early markers of disease severity. Current evidence suggests that patients with advanced age, pre-existing comorbidities or dyspnoea should be closely monitored, especially at 1-2 weeks after symptom onset. It remains to be seen if laboratory findings such as lymphopenia or elevated lactate dehydrogenase may serve as early surrogates for critical illness or markers of disease recovery. Management of ARDS in COVID-19 remains supportive while we await results of drug trials. More studies are needed to understand the incidence and outcomes of ARDS and critical illness from COVID-19, which will be important for critical care management and resource planning."}, {"pmid": 32416770, "pmcid": "PMC7255255", "title": "COVID-19 in patients with HIV - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet HIV", "authors": ["Miro, Jose M", "Ambrosioni, Juan", "Blanco, Jose L"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416770", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496364, "title": "Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: Friend or Foe?", "journal": "Cardiol Rev", "authors": ["Shyh, Grace I", "Nawarskas, James J", "Cheng-Lai, Angela"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496364", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) wreaked an unprecedented havoc of an escalating number of deaths and hospitalization in the United States, clinicians were faced with a myriad of unanswered questions, one of the them being the implication of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with COVID-19. Animal data and human studies have shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) increase the expression of ACE2. ACE2 is an enzyme found in the heart, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and lung and is a coreceptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), the virus responsible for COVID-19. Therefore, one can speculate that discontinuing ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy may lead to decreased ACE2 expression, thereby attenuating the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, and mitigating the disease progression of COVID-19. However, several studies have also shown that ACE2 exhibits reno- and cardioprotection and preserves lung function in acute respiratory distress syndrome, which would favor ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy. This article is to examine and summarize the 2 opposing viewpoints and provide guideline recommendations to support the use or discontinuation of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32362296, "pmcid": "PMC7231666", "title": "The role of triage in the prevention and control of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wang, Qiaoxia", "Wang, Xiaoping", "Lin, Huanping"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362296", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To prevent and control public health emergencies, we set up a prescreening and triage workflow and analyzed the effects on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In accordance with the requirements of the level 1 emergency response of public health emergencies in Shaanxi Province, China, a triage process for COVID-19 was established to guide patients through a 4-level triage process during their hospital visits. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on positive COVID-19 nucleic acid testing according to the unified triage standards of the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial version 4),4 issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. The screened rate of suspected COVID-19 was 1.63% (4 of 246) in the general fever outpatient clinic and 8.28% (13 of 157) in the COVID-19 outpatient clinic, and they showed a significant difference (P = .00). The triage procedure effectively screened the patients and identified the high-risk population."}, {"pmid": 32305989, "pmcid": "PMC7206354", "title": "Multiple Myeloma in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Haematol", "authors": ["Al Saleh, Abdullah S", "Sher, Taimur", "Gertz, Morie A"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305989", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We provide our recommendations (not evidence based) for managing multiple myeloma patients during the pandemic of COVID-19. We do not recommend therapy for smoldering myeloma patients (standard or high risk). Screening for COVID-19 should be done in all patients before therapy. For standard-risk patients, we recommend the following: ixazomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (IRd) (preferred), cyclophosphamide lenalidomide and dexamethasone (CRd), daratumumab lenalidomide and dexamethasone (DRd), lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVd), or cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (CyBorD). For high-risk patients we recommend carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (KRd) (preferred) or RVd. Decreasing the dose of dexamethasone to 20 mg and giving bortezomib subcutaneously once a week is recommended. We recommend delaying autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), unless the patient has high-risk disease that is not responding well, or if the patient has plasma cell leukemia (PCL). Testing for COVID-19 should be done before ASCT. If a patient achieves a very good partial response or better, doses and frequency of drug administration can be modified. After 10-12 cycles, lenalidomide maintenance is recommended for standard-risk patients and bortezomib or ixazomib are recommended for high-risk patients. Daratumumab-based regimens are recommended for relapsed patients. Routine ASCT is not recommended for relapse during the epidemic unless the patient has an aggressive relapse or secondary PCL. Patients on current maintenance should continue their therapy."}, {"pmid": 32450107, "pmcid": "PMC7255293", "title": "RETRACTED: Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Mehra, Mandeep R", "Desai, Sapan S", "Ruschitzka, Frank", "Patel, Amit N"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450107", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, often in combination with a second-generation macrolide, are being widely used for treatment of COVID-19, despite no conclusive evidence of their benefit. Although generally safe when used for approved indications such as autoimmune disease or malaria, the safety and benefit of these treatment regimens are poorly evaluated in COVID-19. We did a multinational registry analysis of the use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19. The registry comprised data from 671 hospitals in six continents. We included patients hospitalised between Dec 20, 2019, and April 14, 2020, with a positive laboratory finding for SARS-CoV-2. Patients who received one of the treatments of interest within 48 h of diagnosis were included in one of four treatment groups (chloroquine alone, chloroquine with a macrolide, hydroxychloroquine alone, or hydroxychloroquine with a macrolide), and patients who received none of these treatments formed the control group. Patients for whom one of the treatments of interest was initiated more than 48 h after diagnosis or while they were on mechanical ventilation, as well as patients who received remdesivir, were excluded. The main outcomes of interest were in-hospital mortality and the occurrence of de-novo ventricular arrhythmias (non-sustained or sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation). 96\u2008032 patients (mean age 53\u00b78 years, 46\u00b73% women) with COVID-19 were hospitalised during the study period and met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 14\u2008888 patients were in the treatment groups (1868 received chloroquine, 3783 received chloroquine with a macrolide, 3016 received hydroxychloroquine, and 6221 received hydroxychloroquine with a macrolide) and 81\u2008144 patients were in the control group. 10\u2008698 (11\u00b71%) patients died in hospital. After controlling for multiple confounding factors (age, sex, race or ethnicity, body-mass index, underlying cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, diabetes, underlying lung disease, smoking, immunosuppressed condition, and baseline disease severity), when compared with mortality in the control group (9\u00b73%), hydroxychloroquine (18\u00b70%; hazard ratio 1\u00b7335, 95% CI 1\u00b7223-1\u00b7457), hydroxychloroquine with a macrolide (23\u00b78%; 1\u00b7447, 1\u00b7368-1\u00b7531), chloroquine (16\u00b74%; 1\u00b7365, 1\u00b7218-1\u00b7531), and chloroquine with a macrolide (22\u00b72%; 1\u00b7368, 1\u00b7273-1\u00b7469) were each independently associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality. Compared with the control group (0\u00b73%), hydroxychloroquine (6\u00b71%; 2\u00b7369, 1\u00b7935-2\u00b7900), hydroxychloroquine with a macrolide (8\u00b71%; 5\u00b7106, 4\u00b7106-5\u00b7983), chloroquine (4\u00b73%; 3\u00b7561, 2\u00b7760-4\u00b7596), and chloroquine with a macrolide (6\u00b75%; 4\u00b7011, 3\u00b7344-4\u00b7812) were independently associated with an increased risk of de-novo ventricular arrhythmia during hospitalisation. We were unable to confirm a benefit of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, when used alone or with a macrolide, on in-hospital outcomes for COVID-19. Each of these drug regimens was associated with decreased in-hospital survival and an increased frequency of ventricular arrhythmias when used for treatment of COVID-19. William Harvey Distinguished Chair in Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital."}, {"pmid": 32496207, "title": "Development of openEHR template for Coronavirus disease 2019 based on clinical guidelines.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Li, Mengyang", "Leslie, Heather", "Qi, Bin", "Nan, Shan", "Feng, HongShuo", "Cai, Hailing", "Lu, Xudong", "Duan, Huilong"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496207", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was discovered in China in December 2019. It has developed into a threatening international public health emergency. With the exception of China, the number of cases continues to increase worldwide. A number of studies about disease diagnosis and treatment have been carried out, and many clinically proven effective results have been achieved. Although information technology can improve the transferring of such knowledge to clinical practice rapidly, data interoperability is still a challenge due to the heterogeneous nature of hospital information systems. This issue becomes even more serious if the knowledge for diagnosis and treatment is updated rapidly as is the case for COVID-19. An open, semantic-sharing, and collaborative-information modeling framework is needed to rapidly develop a shared data model for exchanging data among systems. openEHR is such a framework and is supported by many open software packages that help to promote information sharing and interoperability. This study aims to develop a shared data model based on the openEHR modeling approach to improve the interoperability among systems for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. The latest Guideline of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment in China was selected as the knowledge source for modeling. First, the guideline was analyzed and the data items used for diagnosis and treatment, and management were extracted. Second, the data items were classified and further organized into domain concepts with a mind map. Third, searching was executed in the international openEHR Clinical Knowledge Manager (CKM) to find the existing archetypes that could represent the concepts. New archetypes were developed for those concepts that could not be found. Fourth, these archetypes were further organized into a template using Ocean Template Editor. Fifth, a test case of data exchanging between the clinical data repository and clinical decision support system based on the template was conducted to verify the feasibility of the study. A total of 203 data items were extracted from the guideline in China, and 16 domain concepts (16 leaf nodes in the mind map) were organized. There were 22 archetypes used to develop the template for all data items extracted from the guideline. All of them could be found in the CKM and reused directly. The archetypes and templates were reviewed and finally released in a public project within the CKM. The test case showed that the template can facilitate the data exchange and meet the requirements of decision support. This study has developed the openEHR template for COVID-19 based on the latest guideline from China using openEHR modeling methodology. It represented the capability of the methodology for rapidly modeling and sharing knowledge through reusing the existing archetypes, which is especially useful in a new and fast-changing area such as with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32319881, "title": "May hydrogen peroxide reduce the hospitalization rate and complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Caruso, Arturo Armone", "Del Prete, Antonio", "Lazzarino, Antonio Ivan", "Capaldi, Roberto", "Grumetto, Lucia"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319881", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201054, "pmcid": "PMC7270367", "title": "Contact lens practice in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cont Lens Anterior Eye", "authors": ["Zeri, Fabrizio", "Naroo, Shehzad A"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201054", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403007, "pmcid": "PMC7198188", "title": "Self-collection: An appropriate alternative during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Wehrhahn, Michael C", "Robson, Jennifer", "Brown, Suzanne", "Bursle, Evan", "Byrne, Shane", "New, David", "Chong, Smathi", "Newcombe, James P", "Siversten, Terri", "Hadlow, Narelle"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403007", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the reliability of self-collection for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses because swab collections for SARS-CoV-2 put health workers at risk of infection and require use of personal protective equipment (PPE). In a prospective study, patients from two states in Australia attending dedicated COVID-19 collection clinics were offered the option to first self-collect (SC) nasal and throat swabs (SCNT) prior to health worker collect (HC) using throat and nasal swabs (Site 1) or throat and nasopharyngeal swabs (Site 2). Samples were analysed for SARS-CoV-2 as well as common respiratory viruses. Concordance of results between methods was assessed using Cohen's kappa (\u03ba) and Cycle threshold (Ct) values were recorded for all positive results as a surrogate measure for viral load. Of 236 patients sampled by HC and SC, 25 had SARS-CoV-2 (24 by HC and 25 by SC) and 63 had other respiratory viruses (56 by HC and 58 by SC). SC was highly concordant with HC (\u03ba\u202f=\u202f0.890) for all viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and more concordant than HC to positive results by any method (\u03ba\u202f=\u202f0.959 vs 0.933). Mean SARS-CoV-2 E-gene and N-gene, rhinovirus and parainfluenza Ct values did not differ between HC and SCNT. Self-collection of nasal and throat swabs offers a reliable alternative to health worker collection for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses and provides patients with easier access to testing, reduces exposure of the community and health workers to those being tested and reduces requirement for PPE."}, {"pmid": 32354748, "pmcid": "PMC7231547", "title": "Working from home in the time of covid-19: how to best preserve occupational health?", "journal": "Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Bouziri, Hanifa", "Smith, David R M", "Descatha, Alexis", "Dab, William", "Jean, Kevin"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354748", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390643, "title": "COVID-19 and Parkinson's Disease: Are We Dealing with Short-term Impacts or Something Worse?", "journal": "J Parkinsons Dis", "authors": ["Victorino, Daniella Balduino", "Guimaraes-Marques, Marcia", "Nejm, Mariana", "Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre", "Scorza, Carla Alessandra"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493706, "title": "Covid-19: UK deaths approach 50 000, but rate declines.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Griffin, Shaun"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493706", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519260, "title": "Thalassemic Child Presenting with Anosmia due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Marhaeni, Wulandewi", "Wijaya, Andreas Budi", "Kusumaningtyas, Prabandari", "Mapianto, Rahmawan Sakup"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519260", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389756, "pmcid": "PMC7205657", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak and cancer patient management: Viewpoint from radio-oncologists.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Zhen, Hongnan", "Zhang, Fuquan", "Guan, Hui", "Liu, Zhikai", "Shen, Jie", "Hou, Xiaorong", "Lian, Xin", "Hu, Ke"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389756", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489936, "pmcid": "PMC7242307", "title": "Computed tomography (CT) intestinal alterations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from the imaging perspective: a case description.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Tang, Lei", "Cheng, Xinge", "Tian, Chong", "Wang, Rongpin", "Zhou, Hourong", "Wu, Weidong", "Yan, Lin", "Zeng, Xianchun"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489936", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329524, "pmcid": "PMC7264741", "title": "COVID-19 and emergency surgery.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Hogan, A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329524", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398246, "pmcid": "PMC7246096", "title": "Flattening the curve in COVID-19 using personalised protective equipment: lessons from air pollution.", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Rajagopaian, Sanjay", "Huang, Sui", "Brook, Robert D"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398246", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386838, "pmcid": "PMC7187857", "title": "Trauma service reorganization in Bologna (Italy) during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Injury", "authors": ["Di Martino, Alberto", "Faldini, Cesare"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386838", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387924, "pmcid": "PMC7166310", "title": "Early CT features and temporal lung changes in COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Hu, Qiongjie", "Guan, Hanxiong", "Sun, Ziyan", "Huang, Lu", "Chen, Chong", "Ai, Tao", "Pan, Yueying", "Xia, Liming"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387924", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyse the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) early imaging features and the changing trend of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Forty-six patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who had an isolated lesion on the first positive CT were enrolled in this study. The following parameters were recorded for each lesion: sites, sizes, location (peripheral or central), attenuation (ground-glass opacity or consolidation), and other abnormalities (supply pulmonary artery dilation, air bronchogram, interstitial thickening, etc.). The follow-up CT images were compared with the previous CT scans, and the development of the lesions was evaluated. The lesions tended to be peripheral and subpleural. All the lesions exhibited ground-glass opacity with or without consolidation. A higher proportion of supply pulmonary artery dilation (89.13 % [41/46]) and air bronchogram (69.57 % [32/46]) were found. Other \ufb01ndings included thickening of the intralobular interstitium and a halo sign of ground glass around a solid nodule. Cavitation, calci\ufb01cation or lymphadelopathy were not observed. The reticular patterns were noted from the 14 days after symptoms onset in 7 of 20 patients (45 %). At 22-31 days, the lesions were completely absorbed only in 2 of 7 patients (28.57 %). The typical early CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia are ground-glass opacity, and located peripheral or subpleural location, and with supply pulmonary artery dilation. Reticulation was evident after the 2nd week and persisted in half of patients evaluated in 4 weeks after the onset. Long-term follow-up is required to determine whether the reticulation represents irreversible \ufb01brosis."}, {"pmid": 32518132, "title": "Operationalizing COVID-19 testing: Who, what, when, where, why, and how.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Reddy, Anita J", "Fraser, Thomas G", "Grover, Purva", "Weathers, Allison L", "Cruise, Michael", "Foxx, Meredith A", "Babiuch, Christopher M", "Henricks, Walter H", "Meldon, Stephen W", "Muenzenmeyer, Ashleigh", "Pengel, Shannon L", "Simon, James F", "Procop, Gary W"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518132", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The authors review the rationale behind and approaches to testing for COVID-19, the quality of currently available tests, the role of data analytics in strategizing testing, and using the electronic medical record and other programs designed to steward COVID-19 testing and follow-up of patients."}, {"pmid": 32303698, "pmcid": "PMC7186929", "title": "A map of SARS-CoV-2 and host cell interactions.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Malle, Louise"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303698", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32194034, "pmcid": "PMC7194820", "title": "How Should the Rehabilitation Community Prepare for 2019-nCoV?", "journal": "Arch Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Choon-Huat Koh, Gerald", "Hoenig, Helen"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194034", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) pandemic spreading quickly in the United States and the world, it is urgent that the rehabilitation community quickly understands the epidemiology of the virus and what we can and must do to face this microbial adversary at the early stages of this likely long global pandemic. The 2019-nCoV is a novel virus so most of the world's population does not have prior immunity to it. It is more infectious and fatal than seasonal influenza, and definitive treatment and a vaccine are months away. Our arsenal against it is currently mainly social distancing and infection control measures."}, {"pmid": 32324118, "title": "Population-Based Estimates of Chronic Conditions Affecting Risk for Complications from Coronavirus Disease, United States.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Adams, Mary L", "Katz, David L", "Grandpre, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324118", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We estimated that 45.4% of US adults are at increased risk for complications from coronavirus disease because of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory disease, hypertension, or cancer. Rates increased by age, from 19.8% for persons 18-29 years of age to 80.7% for persons >80 years of age, and varied by state, race/ethnicity, health insurance status, and employment."}, {"pmid": 32200654, "pmcid": "PMC7193851", "title": "Time Kinetics of Viral Clearance and Resolution of Symptoms in Novel Coronavirus Infection.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Chang, De", "Mo, Guoxin", "Yuan, Xin", "Tao, Yi", "Peng, Xiaohua", "Wang, Fu-Sheng", "Xie, Lixin", "Sharma, Lokesh", "Dela Cruz, Charles S", "Qin, Enqiang"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200654", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452949, "title": "Management Considerations for the Surgical Treatment of Colorectal Cancer During the Global Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["O'Leary, Michael P", "Choong, Kevin C", "Thornblade, Lucas W", "Fakih, Marwan G", "Fong, Yuman", "Kaiser, Andreas M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452949", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic requires to conscientiously weigh \"timely surgical intervention\" for colorectal cancer against efforts to conserve hospital resources and protect patients and health care providers. Professional societies provided ad-hoc guidance at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic on deferral of surgical and perioperative interventions, but these lack specific parameters to determine the optimal timing of surgery. Using the GRADE system, published evidence was analyzed to generate weighted statements for stage, site, acuity of presentation and hospital setting to specify when surgery should be pursued, the time and duration of oncologically acceptable delays, and when to utilize non-surgical modalities to bridge the waiting period. Colorectal cancer surgeries - prioritized as emergency, urgent with (a) imminent emergency or (b) oncologically urgent, or elective - were matched against the phases of the pandemic. Surgery in COVID-19 positive patients must be avoided. Emergent and imminent emergent cases should mostly proceed unless resources are exhausted. Standard practices allow for postponement of elective cases and deferral to nonsurgical modalities of stage II/III rectal and metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncologically urgent cases may be delayed for 6(-12) weeks without jeopardizing oncological outcomes. Outside established principles, administration of nonsurgical modalities is not justified and increases the vulnerability of patients. The COVID-19 pandemic has stressed already limited health care resources and forced rationing, triage and prioritization of care in general, specifically of surgical interventions. Established guidelines allow for modifications of optimal timing and type of surgery for colorectal cancer during an unrelated pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32171389, "pmcid": "PMC7271222", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA more readily detected in induced sputum than in throat swabs of convalescent COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Han, Huanqin", "Luo, Qingfeng", "Mo, Fan", "Long, Lieming", "Zheng, Weiqiang"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171389", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391667, "title": "[A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Chen, Jun", "Liu, Danping", "Liu, Li", "Liu, Ping", "Xu, Qingnian", "Xia, Lu", "Ling, Yun", "Huang, Dan", "Song, Shuli", "Zhang, Dandan", "Qian, Zhiping", "Li, Tao", "Shen, Yinzhong", "Lu, Hongzhou"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391667", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the treatment of patients with moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We prospectively enrolled 30 treatment-na\u00efve patients with confirmed COVID-19 after informed consent at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. The patients were randomized 1\uff1a1 to HCQ group and the control group. Patients in HCQ group were given HCQ 400 mg per day for 5 days plus conventional treatments, while those in the control group were given conventional treatment only. The primary endpoint was negative conversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in respiratory pharyngeal swab on days 7 after randomization. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and registered online (NCT04261517). One patient in HCQ group developed to severe during the treatment. On day 7, nucleic acid of throat swabs was negative in 13 (86.7%) cases in the HCQ group and 14 (93.3%) cases in the control group (P>0.05). The median duration from hospitalization to virus nucleic acid negative conservation was 4 (1,9) days in HCQ group, which is comparable to that in the control group [2 (1,4) days, Z=1.27, P>0.05]. The median time for body temperature normalization in HCQ group was 1 (0,2) day after hospitalization, which was also comparable to that in the control group [1 (0,3) day]. Radiological progression was shown on CT images in 5 cases (33.3%) of the HCQ group and 7 cases (46.7%) of the control group, and all patients showed improvement in follow-up examinations. Four cases (26.7%) of the HCQ group and 3 cases (20%) of the control group had transient diarrhea and abnormal liver function (P>0.05). The prognosis of COVID-19 moderate patients is good. Larger sample size study are needed to investigate the effects of HCQ in the treatment of COVID-19. Subsequent research should determine better endpoint and fully consider the feasibility of experiments such as sample size."}, {"pmid": 32220202, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Zavascki, Alexandre P", "Falci, Diego R"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220202", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32022370, "pmcid": "PMC7162020", "title": "Learning from the Past: Possible Urgent Prevention and Treatment Options for Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Caused by 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Chembiochem", "authors": ["Morse, Jared S", "Lalonde, Tyler", "Xu, Shiqing", "Liu, Wenshe Ray"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32022370", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the current trajectory of the 2019-nCoV outbreak unknown, public health and medicinal measures will both be needed to contain spreading of the virus and to optimize patient outcomes. Although little is known about the virus, an examination of the genome sequence shows strong homology with its better-studied cousin, SARS-CoV. The spike protein used for host cell infection shows key nonsynonymous mutations that might hamper the efficacy of previously developed therapeutics but remains a viable target for the development of biologics and macrocyclic peptides. Other key drug targets, including RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and coronavirus main proteinase (3CLpro), share a strikingly high (>95\u2009%) homology to SARS-CoV. Herein, we suggest four potential drug candidates (an ACE2-based peptide, remdesivir, 3CLpro-1 and a novel vinylsulfone protease inhibitor) that could be used to treat patients suffering with the 2019-nCoV. We also summarize previous efforts into drugging these targets and hope to help in the development of broad-spectrum anti-coronaviral agents for future epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32435065, "pmcid": "PMC7234827", "title": "SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Evidence-Based Recommendations on Diagnosis and Therapy.", "journal": "Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd", "authors": ["Bein, Berthold", "Bachmann, Martin", "Huggett, Susanne", "Wegermann, Petra"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435065", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, a new viral disease affecting primarily the respiratory system and the lung, has caused a pandemic posing serious challenges to healthcare systems around the world. In about 20% of patients, severe symptoms occur after a mean incubation period of 5\u200a-\u200a6 days; 5% of patients need intensive care therapy. Mortality is about 1\u200a-\u200a2%. Protecting healthcare workers is of paramount importance in order to prevent hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, during all procedures associated with aerosol production, personal protective equipment consisting of a FFP2/FFP3 (N95) respiratory mask, gloves, safety glasses and a waterproof overall should be used. Therapy is based on established recommendations issued for patients with acute lung injury (ARDS). Lung protective ventilation, prone position, restrictive fluid management and adequate management of organ failure are the mainstays of therapy. In case of fulminant lung failure, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be used as a rescue in experienced centres. New, experimental therapies are evolving with ever increasing frequency; currently, however, no evidence-based recommendation is possible. If off-label and compassionate use of these drugs is considered, an individual benefit-risk assessment is necessary, since serious side effects have been reported."}, {"pmid": 32320565, "title": "First Case of Covid-19 in the United States. Reply.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Uyeki, Timothy M", "Holshue, Michelle L", "Diaz, George"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320565", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125458, "pmcid": "PMC7080134", "title": "COVID-19: a novel coronavirus and a novel challenge for critical care.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Arabi, Yaseen M", "Murthy, Srinivas", "Webb, Steve"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125458", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415869, "title": "Surge after the surge: Anticipating the increased volume and needs of patients with head and neck cancer after the peak in COVID-19.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Bowman, Ryan", "Crosby, Dana L", "Sharma, Arun"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415869", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to have extensive effects on public health as it spreads rapidly across the globe. Patients with head and neck cancer are a particularly susceptible population to these effects, and we expect there to be a potential surge in patients presenting with head and neck cancers after the surge in COVID-19. Furthermore, the impact of social distancing measures could result in a shift toward more advanced disease at presentation. With appropriate anticipation, multidisciplinary head and cancer teams could potentially minimize the impact of this surge and plan for strategies to provide optimal care for patients with head and neck cancer."}, {"pmid": 32534340, "title": "The intriguing commonality of NETosis between COVID-19 & Periodontal disease.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Gupta, Shipra", "Sahni, Vaibhav"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534340", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "NETosis, being an alternative form of cell death is the creation of web-like chromatin decondensates by suitably primed neutrophils as a response to stimulus aimed at containing and eliminating the same. In certain situations, it causes more harm than benefit in the form of bystander damage directly or via activation of autoimmune mechanisms. Such pathophysiology finds evidence in both Periodontal disease and COVID-19. Coupled with impaired removal, NETs have been implicated in both these disease forms to promote a state of inflammation and be a source of constant harm to the tissues involved. This potentially forms groundwork to implicate Periodontal disease as predisposing towards adverse COVID-19 related outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32386820, "pmcid": "PMC7186203", "title": "Evidence of mother-to-newborn infection with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Sun, Mingyang", "Xu, Guoting", "Yang, Yong", "Tao, Yuan", "Pian-Smith, May", "Madhavan, Vandana", "Xie, Zhongcong", "Zhang, Jiaqiang"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386820", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430424, "pmcid": "PMC7241107", "title": "Authors' reply to correspondence in response to \"Will children reveal their secret? The coronavirus dilemma\".", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Midulla, F", "Cristiani, L", "Mancino, E"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430424", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291463, "pmcid": "PMC7154064", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: different respiratory treatments for different phenotypes?", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Gattinoni, Luciano", "Chiumello, Davide", "Caironi, Pietro", "Busana, Mattia", "Romitti, Federica", "Brazzi, Luca", "Camporota, Luigi"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291463", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383432, "pmcid": "PMC7263522", "title": "Structural Vulnerability in the United States Revealed in Three Waves of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Solis, Jamie", "Franco-Paredes, Carlos", "Henao-Martinez, Andres F", "Krsak, Martin", "Zimmer, Shanta M"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383432", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has unveiled underlying health inequities throughout the United States. The pandemic has spread across U.S. states, affecting different vulnerable populations, including both inner-city and rural populations, and those living in congregate settings such as nursing homes and assisted-living facilities. In addition, since early April, there has been an increasing number of outbreaks of COVID-19 in jails and prisons. We describe three overlapping epidemiologic waves of spread of COVID-19 linked to three different kinds of structural vulnerabilities."}, {"pmid": 32432389, "title": "Mitigating disruptions, and scalability of radiation oncology physics work during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Appl Clin Med Phys", "authors": ["Darafsheh, Arash", "Lavvafi, Hossein", "Taleei, Reza", "Khan, Rao"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432389", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has led to disorder in work and livelihood of a majority of the modern world. In this work, we review its major impacts on procedures and\u00a0workflow of clinical physics tasks, and suggest alternate pathways to avoid major disruption or discontinuity of physics tasks in the context of small, medium, and large radiation oncology clinics. We also evaluate scalability of medical physics under the stress of \"social distancing\". Three models of facilities characterized by the number of clinical physicists, daily patient throughput, and equipment were identified for this purpose. For identical objectives of continuity of clinical operations, with constraints such as social distancing and unavailability of staff due to system strain, however with the possibility of remote operations, the performance of these models was investigated. General clinical tasks requiring on-site personnel presence or otherwise were evaluated to determine the scalability of the three models at this point in the course of disease spread within their surroundings. The clinical physics tasks within three models could be divided into two categories. The former, which\u00a0requires individual presence, include safety-sensitive radiation delivery, high dose per fraction treatments, brachytherapy procedures, fulfilling state and nuclear regulatory commission's requirements, etc. The latter, which can be handled through remote means, include\u00a0dose planning, physics plan review and supervision of quality assurance, general troubleshooting, etc. CONCLUSION: At the current level of disease in the United States, all three models have sustained major system stress in continuing reduced operation. However, the small clinic model may not perform if either the current level of infections is maintained for long or staff becomes unavailable due to health issues. With abundance, and diversity of innovative resources, medium and large clinic models can sustain further for physics-related radiotherapy services."}, {"pmid": 32481594, "title": "Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Ammar, Achraf", "Brach, Michael", "Trabelsi, Khaled", "Chtourou, Hamdi", "Boukhris, Omar", "Masmoudi, Liwa", "Bouaziz, Bassem", "Bentlage, Ellen", "How, Daniella", "Ahmed, Mona", "Muller, Patrick", "Muller, Notger", "Aloui, Asma", "Hammouda, Omar", "Paineiras-Domingos, Laisa Liane", "Braakman-Jansen, Annemarie", "Wrede, Christian", "Bastoni, Sofia", "Pernambuco, Carlos Soares", "Mataruna, Leonardo", "Taheri, Morteza", "Irandoust, Khadijeh", "Khacharem, Aimen", "Bragazzi, Nicola L", "Chamari, Karim", "Glenn, Jordan M", "Bott, Nicholas T", "Gargouri, Faiez", "Chaari, Lotfi", "Batatia, Hadj", "Ali, Gamal Mohamed", "Abdelkarim, Osama", "Jarraya, Mohamed", "Abed, Kais El", "Souissi, Nizar", "Van Gemert-Pijnen, Lisette", "Riemann, Bryan L", "Riemann, Laurel", "Moalla, Wassim", "Gomez-Raja, Jonathan", "Epstein, Monique", "Sanderman, Robbert", "Schulz, Sebastian Vw", "Jerg, Achim", "Al-Horani, Ramzi", "Mansi, Taiysir", "Jmail, Mohamed", "Barbosa, Fernando", "Ferreira-Santos, Fernando", "Simunic, Bostjan", "Pisot, Rado", "Gaggioli, Andrea", "Bailey, Stephen J", "Steinacker, Jurgen M", "Driss, Tarak", "Hoekelmann, Anita"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481594", "countries": ["France", "Slovenia", "Portugal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health recommendations and governmental measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on health behaviours and lifestyles at home is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020, in seven languages, to elucidate the behavioural and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the results from the first thousand responders on physical activity (PA) and nutrition behaviours. Following a structured review of the literature, the \"Effects of home Confinement on multiple Lifestyle Behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak (ECLB-COVID19)\" Electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists and academics. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online survey platform. Thirty-five research organisations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia and the Americas promoted the survey in English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese and Slovenian languages. Questions were presented in a differential format, with questions related to responses \"before\" and \"during\" confinement conditions. 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%) were included in the analysis. The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on all PA intensity levels (vigorous, moderate, walking and overall). Additionally, daily sitting time increased from 5 to 8 h per day. Food consumption and meal patterns (the type of food, eating out of control, snacks between meals, number of main meals) were more unhealthy during confinement, with only alcohol binge drinking decreasing significantly. While isolation is a necessary measure to protect public health, results indicate that it alters physical activity and eating behaviours in a health compromising direction. A more detailed analysis of survey data will allow for a segregation of these responses in different age groups, countries and other subgroups, which will help develop interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviours that have manifested during the COVID-19 confinement."}, {"pmid": 32363244, "pmcid": "PMC7194663", "title": "Adapting Radiation Therapy Treatments for Patients with Breast Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Hypo-Fractionation and Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation to Address World Health Organization Recommendations.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Al-Rashdan, Abdulla", "Roumeliotis, Michael", "Quirk, Sarah", "Grendarova, Petra", "Phan, Tien", "Cao, Jeffery", "Logie, Natalie", "Smith, Wendy", "Barbera, Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363244", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350003, "title": "Covid-19: balancing personal risk and professional duty.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Harkin, Denis W"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350003", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423532, "pmcid": "PMC7211697", "title": "Giving birth under lockdown during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod", "authors": ["Viaux, S", "Maurice, P", "Cohen, D", "Jouannic, J M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423532", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409325, "title": "Covid-19: The support UK care homes need to survive.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Carter, Rachel"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409325", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445400, "title": "Can Colchicine as an Old Anti-Inflammatory Agent Be Effective in COVID-19?", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Nasiripour, Somayyeh", "Zamani, Farhad", "Farasatinasab, Maryam"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445400", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462940, "title": "Characteristics of Children With Reactivation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection After Hospital Discharge.", "journal": "Clin Pediatr (Phila)", "authors": ["Zhao, Wenpeng", "Wang, Yu", "Tang, Yanfen", "Zhao, Wen", "Fan, Ying", "Liu, Gang", "Chen, Rongqian", "Song, Rui", "Zhou, Wenyan", "Liu, Yanyan", "Zhang, Fujie"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462940", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344438, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: An International Survey in April 2020.", "journal": "Nuklearmedizin", "authors": ["Freudenberg, Lutz S", "Dittmer, Ulf", "Herrmann, Ken"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344438", "countries": ["Germany", "Switzerland", "Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2002Preparations of health systems to accommodate large number of severely ill COVID-19 patients in March/April 2020 has a significant impact on nuclear medicine departments. \u2002A web-based questionnaire was designed to differentiate the impact of the pandemic on inpatient and outpatient nuclear medicine operations and on public versus private health systems, respectively. Questions were addressing the following issues: impact on nuclear medicine diagnostics and therapy, use of recommendations, personal protective equipment, and organizational adaptations. The survey was available for 6 days and closed on April 20, 2020. \u2002113 complete responses were recorded. Nearly all participants (97\u200a%) report a decline of nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures. The mean reduction in the last three weeks for PET/CT, scintigraphies of bone, myocardium, lung thyroid, sentinel lymph-node are -14.4\u200a%, -47.2\u200a%, -47.5\u200a%, -40.7\u200a%, -58.4\u200a%, and -25.2\u200a% respectively. Furthermore, 76\u200a% of the participants report a reduction in therapies especially for benign thyroid disease (-41.8\u200a%) and radiosynoviorthesis (-53.8\u200a%) while tumor therapies remained mainly stable. 48\u200a% of the participants report a shortage of personal protective equipment. \u2002Nuclear medicine services are notably reduced 3 weeks after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic reached Germany, Austria and Switzerland on a large scale. We must be aware that the current crisis will also have a significant economic impact on the healthcare system. As the survey cannot adapt to daily dynamic changes in priorities, it serves as a first snapshot requiring follow-up studies and comparisons with other countries and regions."}, {"pmid": 32388946, "title": "[Screening and management of asymptomatic infection of 2019-novel coronavirus].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hu, Z B", "Song, C"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388946", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, the prevention and control of COVID-19 in China has entered a critical period. Recently, various areas outside Hubei Province have gradually begun to resume work and production, but the development of the epidemic situation is still uncertain and complex. A few days ago, researchers gradually began to pay attention to asymptomatic infection of 2019-novel coronavirus and described the disease process of asymptomatic infection and the possibility of being a source of infection. This provided a scientific basis for further optimizing and improving epidemic prevention and control measures. Paying attention to the screening and self-protection of high-risk groups and strengthening the level of detection should be helpful to the detection and management of asymptomatic infection."}, {"pmid": 32470119, "title": "Coronavirus3D: 3D structural visualization of COVID-19 genomic divergence.", "journal": "Bioinformatics", "authors": ["Sedova, Mayya", "Jaroszewski, Lukasz", "Alisoltani, Arghavan", "Godzik, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470119", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemics is spreading around the world, the SARS-CoV-2 virus is evolving with mutations that potentially change and fine-tune functions of the proteins coded in its genome. Coronavirus3D website integrates data on the SARS-CoV-2 virus mutations with information about 3D structures of its proteins, allowing users to visually analyze the mutations in their 3D context. Coronavirus3D server is freely available at https://coronavirus3d.org."}, {"pmid": 32433303, "pmcid": "PMC7268873", "title": "Apples to Oranges: Ethical Considerations in COVID-19 Surgical Recovery.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Eng, Oliver S", "Tseng, Jennifer", "Ejaz, Aslam", "Pawlik, Timothy M", "Angelos, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433303", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520292, "title": "The intensive use of the internet by children and adolescents in the context of COVID-19 and the risks for self-inflicted violence.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Deslandes, Suely Ferreira", "Coutinho, Tiago"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520292", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This essay aimed to discuss the implications of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic for the intensive use of the internet among children and adolescents and its possible consequences for the practice of self-inflicted violence. We briefly discussed the anxiogenic potential and the reproduction of a \"global fear\" that are consolidated with the massive and unmediated exposure of the content consumed, which can increase the vulnerabilities to stress and suicidal ideas. We centered our debate on \"recreational\" practices, called \"challenges\" with self-harm power, carried out by teenagers on the YouTube website. This practice has been shown to increase with the social isolation measures. Our reflection on these risks builds on the theoretical perspective of digital sociability, and its implications for the internet-mediated interactions of adolescents."}, {"pmid": 32466199, "title": "Prioritizing and Analyzing the Role of Climate and Urban Parameters in the Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 Based on Artificial Intelligence Applications.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Shaffiee Haghshenas, Sina", "Pirouz, Behrouz", "Shaffiee Haghshenas, Sami", "Pirouz, Behzad", "Piro, Patrizia", "Na, Kyoung-Sae", "Cho, Seo-Eun", "Geem, Zong Woo"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466199", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nowadays, an infectious disease outbreak is considered one of the most destructive effects in the sustainable development process. The outbreak of new coronavirus (COVID-19) as an infectious disease showed that it has undesirable social, environmental, and economic impacts, and leads to serious challenges and threats. Additionally, investigating the prioritization parameters is of vital importance to reducing the negative impacts of this global crisis. Hence, the main aim of this study is to prioritize and analyze the role of certain environmental parameters. For this purpose, four cities in Italy were selected as a case study and some notable climate parameters-such as daily average temperature, relative humidity, wind speed-and an urban parameter, population density, were considered as input data set, with confirmed cases of COVID-19 being the output dataset. In this paper, two artificial intelligence techniques, including an artificial neural network (ANN) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and differential evolution (DE) algorithm, were used for prioritizing climate and urban parameters. The analysis is based on the feature selection process and then the obtained results from the proposed models compared to select the best one. Finally, the difference in cost function was about 0.0001 between the performances of the two models, hence, the two methods were not different in cost function, however, ANN-PSO was found to be better, because it reached to the desired precision level in lesser iterations than ANN-DE. In addition, the priority of two variables, urban parameter, and relative humidity, were the highest to predict the confirmed cases of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32212779, "title": "Cancer Care Delivery Challenges Amidst Coronavirus Disease - 19 (COVID-19) Outbreak: Specific Precautions for Cancer Patients and Cancer Care Providers to Prevent Spread.", "journal": "Asian Pac J Cancer Prev", "authors": ["Shankar, Abhishek", "Saini, Deepak", "Roy, Shubham", "Mosavi Jarrahi, Alireza", "Chakraborty, Abhijit", "Bharti, Sachidanand Jee", "Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farzad"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212779", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus outbreak has affected thousands of people in at least 186 countries which has affected the cancer care delivery system apart from affecting the overall health system. Cancer patients are more susceptible to coronavirus infection than individuals without cancer as they are in an immunosuppressive state because of the malignancy and anticancer treatment. Oncologists should be more attentive to detect coronavirus infection early, as any type of advanced cancer is at much higher risk for unfavorable outcomes. Oncology communities must ensure that cancer patients should spend more time at home and less time out in the community. Oncologists and other health care professionals involved in cancer care have a critical opportunity to communicate to their patients to pass on right information regarding practice modifications in view of COVID-19 outbreaks. Countries must isolate, test, treat and trace to control the coronavirus pandemic. There is a paucity of information on novel coronavirus infection and its impact on cancer patients and cancer care providers. To date, there is no scientific guideline regarding management of cancer patients in a background of coronavirus outbreak.<br />."}, {"pmid": 32434603, "title": "The challenges of COVID-19 for community pharmacists and opportunities for the future.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Hayden, John C", "Parkin, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434603", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pharmacists, like psychiatrists, have modified their practices amidst COVID-19 in order to guarantee care and support to their patients. Designated an essential frontline service, community pharmacists are facing a spectrum of challenges to surmount to ensure patient care continues. These include assisting in the prevention of infection, managing supply chains, preventing stockpiling and provision of evidence-based medical information. However, disasters like COVID-19 disproportionately affect poor and vulnerable populations, and patients with mental health conditions may be among the hardest hit. Pharmacist-level, system-level and regulatory responses have sought to minimise this impact, although there is likely to be a lasting impression on the profession, both good and bad. This article reviews the pandemic-related challenges and responses by pharmacists, as well as forming recommendation for areas of professional support and role expansion, particularly in the case of mental health."}, {"pmid": 32370952, "pmcid": "PMC7194062", "title": "Addressing Burnout: Symptom Management Versus Treating the Cause.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Houtrow, Amy J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370952", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522684, "title": "Inimical effects of COVID-19 on surgical residency: Correspondence.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Yelamanchi, Raghav", "Gupta, Nikhil", "Durga, C K"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522684", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305209, "pmcid": "PMC7146701", "title": "Preparing pharmacy for the surge of patients with COVID-19: Lessons from China.", "journal": "J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)", "authors": ["Stergachis, Andy"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406623, "title": "COVID-19, Negligence and Occupational Health and Safety: Ethical and Legal Issues for Hospitals and Health Centres.", "journal": "J Law Med", "authors": ["Freckelton, Ian"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The international incidence of health workers being infected with COVID-19 is deeply troubling. Until a vaccine is developed, they are the community's bulwark against the pandemic. It is vital that they be protected to the maximum extent possible. This entails the need for implementation of effective and compassionate protocols to keep their workplace as safe as possible for them, their colleagues and their patients in a context of much as yet not being known about the virus and awareness that some persons infected by it are for a time at least asymptomatic and that others test negative for it when they are prodromal or even already displaying some symptomatology. This has repercussions both for the liability of hospitals and multi-practitioner centres for negligence and also under occupational health and safety legislation. With the commencement of the roll out of biosecurity and disaster/emergency measures by government and escalating levels of anxiety in the general population, it is important to reflect upon the measures that most effectively can be adopted practically and ethically to protect the health and safety of those whose task it is to care for us if we become infected by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32474751, "pmcid": "PMC7260468", "title": "Appropriate arrangement of cancer treatment after COVID-19 epidemic peaks in China.", "journal": "J Cancer Res Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Mo, Hongnan", "Liu, Binliang", "Ma, Fei"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474751", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is causing a lot of problems in health services around the world, especially in medical institutions receiving cancer patients. On March 12, China's National Health Commission announced that the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic has passed in China. Thus, a proper arrangement of medication, surgery and radiotherapy for patients with cancer is of vital importance after the epidemic peak. A range of measures have been implemented in our center. Specific patients take priority for chemotherapy treatment. The amount of semi-elective and elective surgeries could be gradually increased beyond urgent and emergency surgery. The hypofractionated radiotherapy is recommended in the right circumstances. On March 13, our center announced that more than 5000 visits of chemotherapy and radiotherapy are arranged in our outpatient clinics and none of our patients and staffs have been diagnosed with COVID-19 as of March 28, 2020. The rational arrangement we make now may be helpful to the future restoration of cancer treatments in other countries."}, {"pmid": 32389799, "pmcid": "PMC7204720", "title": "Epidemics will always come (and go): The need to prepare for the next one, research on COVID-19, and the role of molecular and cellular endocrinology.", "journal": "Mol Cell Endocrinol", "authors": ["Stratakis, Constantine A", "Laybutt, D Ross", "Laudet, Vincent", "Klinge, Carolyn M"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389799", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397643, "title": "Potential Drugs Targeting Early Innate Immune Evasion of SARS-Coronavirus 2 via 2'-O-Methylation of Viral RNA.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Encinar, Jose Antonio", "Menendez, Javier A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397643", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the COVID-19 respiratory disease pandemic utilizes unique 2'-O-methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase) capping machinery to camouflage its RNA from innate immune recognition. The nsp16 catalytic subunit of the 2'-O-MTase is unusual in its requirement for a stimulatory subunit (nsp10) to catalyze the ribose 2'-O-methylation of the viral RNA cap. Here we provide a computational basis for drug repositioning or de novo drug development based on three differential traits of the intermolecular interactions of the SARS-CoV-2-specific nsp16/nsp10 heterodimer, namely: (1) the S-adenosyl-l-methionine-binding pocket of nsp16, (2) the unique \"activating surface\" between nsp16 and nsp10, and (3) the RNA-binding groove of nsp16. We employed \u22489000 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved investigational and experimental drugs from the DrugBank repository for docking virtual screening. After molecular dynamics calculations of the stability of the binding modes of high-scoring nsp16/nsp10-drug complexes, we considered their pharmacological overlapping with functional modules of the virus-host interactome that is relevant to the viral lifecycle, and to the clinical features of COVID-19. Some of the predicted drugs (e.g., tegobuvir, sonidegib, siramesine, antrafenine, bemcentinib, itacitinib, or phthalocyanine) might be suitable for repurposing to pharmacologically reactivate innate immune restriction and antagonism of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs lacking 2'-O-methylation."}, {"pmid": 32376350, "pmcid": "PMC7196543", "title": "The Surge after the Surge: Cardiac Surgery post-COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Salenger, Rawn", "Etchill, Eric W", "Ad, Niv", "Matthew, Thomas", "Alejo, Diane", "Whitman, Glenn", "Lawton, Jennifer S", "Lau, Christine L", "Gammie, Charles F", "Gammie, James S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376350", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically reduced adult cardiac surgery case volumes as institutions and surgeons curtail non-urgent operations. There will be a progressive increase in deferred cases during the pandemic that will require completion within a limited time frame once restrictions ease. We investigated the impact of various levels of increased post-pandemic hospital operating capacity on the time to clear the backlog of deferred cases. We collected data from four cardiac surgery programs across two health systems. We recorded case rates at baseline and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We created a mathematical model to quantify the cumulative surgical backlog based on the projected pandemic duration. We then used our model to predict the time required to clear the backlog depending on the level of increased operating capacity. Cardiac surgery volumes fell to 54% of baseline after restrictions were implemented. Assuming a service restoration date of either June 1 or July 1, we calculated the need to perform 216% or 263% of monthly baseline volume, respectively, to clear the backlog in one month. The actual duration required to clear the backlog is highly dependent on hospital capacity in the post-COVID time period, and ranges from one to eight months depending on when services are restored and degree of increased capacity. Cardiac surgical operating capacity during the COVID-19 recovery period will have a dramatic impact on the time to clear the deferred cases backlog. Inadequate operating capacity may cause substantial delays and increase morbidity and mortality. If only pre-pandemic capacity is available, the backlog will never clear."}, {"pmid": 32267678, "pmcid": "PMC7144807", "title": "COVID-19: A Call for Physical Scientists and Engineers.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Huang, Haiyue", "Fan, Chunhai", "Li, Min", "Nie, Hua-Li", "Wang, Fu-Bing", "Wang, Hui", "Wang, Ruilan", "Xia, Jianbo", "Zheng, Xin", "Zuo, Xiaolei", "Huang, Jiaxing"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267678", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is one of those global challenges that transcends territorial, political, ideological, religious, cultural, and certainly academic boundaries. Public health and healthcare workers are at the frontline, working to contain and to mitigate the spread of this disease. Although intervening biological and immunological responses against viral infection may seem far from the physical sciences and engineering that typically work with inanimate objects, there actually is much that can-and should-be done to help in this global crisis. In this Perspective, we convert the basics of infectious respiratory diseases and viruses into physical sciences and engineering intuitions, and through this exercise, we present examples of questions, hypotheses, and research needs identified based on clinicians' experiences. We hope researchers in the physical sciences and engineering will proactively study these challenges, develop new hypotheses, define new research areas, and work with biological researchers, healthcare, and public health professionals to create user-centered solutions and to inform the general public, so that we can better address the many challenges associated with the transmission and spread of infectious respiratory diseases."}, {"pmid": 32376580, "pmcid": "PMC7167307", "title": "[Psychological status and sleep quality of nursing interns during the outbreak of COVID-19].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Sheng, Xiaoyan", "Liu, Fenyu", "Zhou, Jin", "Liao, Rongrong"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376580", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the psychological status and sleep quality of nursing interns in collective isolation during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and provide evidence for adequate interventions. We surveyed a total of 95 nursing interns who were isolated collectively in a general teaching hospital in Guangzhou using a self-designed questionnaire, which consisted of a basic information form, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Descriptive analysis, single factor analysis and correlation analysis were used to analyze the current status of the interns' psychology and sleep quality, the potential factors affecting their psychology and sleep quality, and the correlation between their psychological status and sleep quality. The surveyed interns had SAS, SDS and PSQI score of 37.79\u00b16.59, 43.98\u00b19.74 and 5.20\u00b13.14, respectively, which were significant higher than the national norms in China (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that both anxiety and depression were positively correlated with the sleep quality score (r=0.508 and 0.546, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that the major factors affecting the psychological status and sleep quality of the interns during collective isolation included recent contact with persons from the affected area before isolation and the onset of fever during the isolation. These interns showed relatively high levels of anxiety and depression during the collective isolation to affect their sleep quality, and interventions should be timely administered to improve their mental health and sleep quality."}, {"pmid": 32384598, "title": "Will Buying Follow Others Ease Their Threat of Death? An Analysis of Consumer Data during the Period of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Song, Wei", "Jin, Xiaotong", "Gao, Jian", "Zhao, Taiyang"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384598", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "How to overcome informational conformity consumer behavior when faced with threats of death is a social problem in response to COVID-19. This research is based on the terror management theory, the need to belong theory and the materialism theory. It uses a theoretical model to determine the relationships between threats of death and informational conformity consumer behavior. From 1453 samples collected during outbreak of COVID-19 in China, we used a structural equation model to test multiple research hypotheses. The result shows that threats of death are positively associated with a need to belong, materialism and informational conformity consumer behavior. The need to belong and materialism can play a mediating role between threats of death and information conformity consumption behavior, and perceived social support can play a moderating role between threats of death and information conformity consumption behavior."}, {"pmid": 32495226, "pmcid": "PMC7267470", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19: should they be used as standard therapy?", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Ibanez, Sebastian", "Martinez, Oriela", "Valenzuela, Francisca", "Silva, Francisco", "Valenzuela, Omar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495226", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of the new coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has urged the nations to an unprecedented world-wide reaction, including an accelerated exploration of therapeutic options. In the absence of a vaccine and specifically designed antivirals, the medical community has proposed the use of various previously available medications in order to reduce the number of patients requiring prolonged hospitalizations, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation and to decrease mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are among the proposed drugs and are the most widely used so far, despite the lack of robust evidence on their usefulness. The objective of this article is to review and discuss the possible role of these drugs in the therapy of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32333166, "pmcid": "PMC7180646", "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome following COVID-19: new infection, old complication?", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Padroni, Marina", "Mastrangelo, Vincenzo", "Asioli, Gian Maria", "Pavolucci, Lucia", "Abu-Rumeileh, Samir", "Piscaglia, Maria Grazia", "Querzani, Pietro", "Callegarini, Claudio", "Foschi, Matteo"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333166", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31944312, "pmcid": "PMC7166954", "title": "Recent advances in the detection of respiratory virus infection in humans.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Naru", "Wang, Lili", "Deng, Xiaoqian", "Liang, Ruiying", "Su, Meng", "He, Chen", "Hu, Lanfang", "Su, Yudan", "Ren, Jing", "Yu, Fei", "Du, Lanying", "Jiang, Shibo"], "date": "2020-01-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31944312", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory tract viral infection caused by viruses or bacteria is one of the most common diseases in human worldwide, while those caused by emerging viruses, such as the novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV that caused the pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China most recently, have posed great threats to global public health. Identification of the causative viral pathogens of respiratory tract viral infections is important to select an appropriate treatment, save people's lives, stop the epidemics, and avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics. Conventional diagnostic tests, such as the assays for rapid detection of antiviral antibodies or viral antigens, are widely used in many clinical laboratories. With the development of modern technologies, new diagnostic strategies, including multiplex nucleic acid amplification and microarray-based assays, are emerging. This review summarizes currently available and novel emerging diagnostic methods for the detection of common respiratory viruses, such as influenza virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, human adenovirus, and human rhinovirus. Multiplex assays for simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory viruses are also described. It is anticipated that such data will assist researchers and clinicians to develop appropriate diagnostic strategies for timely and effective detection of respiratory virus infections."}, {"pmid": 32402779, "pmcid": "PMC7203022", "title": "Preparation and response to COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore: A case report.", "journal": "Infect Dis Health", "authors": ["Monica, Fan Peijin Esther", "Aloweni, Fazila", "Yuh, Ang Shin", "Ayob, Elena Binte Mohamed", "Ahmad, Norhayati Binte", "Lan, Chiang Juat", "Lian, Ho Ai", "Chee, Lee Lai", "Ayre, Tracy Carol"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402779", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has an overwhelming impact on the nursing profession. Nurses play a vital role before and during pandemics, with nurse leaders taking the lead in preparation for outbreaks. In response to an outbreak, early recognition and preparation for the increasing threat, managing staffing challenges together with the well-being of nurses are of utmost importance. Strategies to promote physical distancing while not compromising continuing nursing education and patient care are also essential. With prompt actions and coordinated efforts, risk of spreading the virus within the healthcare sector can be kept at the minimum. As nurses are in the frontline of healthcare, their confidence in being well-supported by the hospital should be maintained. This case report describes the preparation and response of the nurses in Singapore General Hospital to the COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore."}, {"pmid": 32421150, "title": "Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV): An Unprecedented Partnership for Unprecedented Times.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Collins, Francis S", "Stoffels, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421150", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447328, "title": "Validation of a chemiluminescent assay for specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Tre-Hardy, Marie", "Wilmet, Alain", "Beukinga, Ingrid", "Dogne, Jean-Michel", "Douxfils, Jonathan", "Blairon, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447328", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives Faced with the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the availability and quality of both therapeutic and diagnostic methods, the Belgian authorities have decided to launch a procedure for additional evaluation of the performance of serological tests offered for sale on the national territory. This has been proposed with a double aim: (1) an in-depth verification of the analytical and clinical performances presented by the manufacturer and (2) an economy of scale in terms of centralized validation for all the laboratories using the tests subject to evaluation. Methods A retrospective validation study was conducted including the serum of 125 patients in order to determine the analytical and clinical performances of the LIAISON\u00aeSARS-CoV-2 from DiaSorin\u00ae detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and to compare its clinical performance with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test from Euroimmun\u00ae, one of the first commercially available tests allowing the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG. Results The performances of the LIAISON\u00aeSARS-CoV-2 satisfied all the acceptance criteria and provided \"real world\" analytical and clinical performances very close to the ones reported by the manufacturer in its insert kit. Comparison between the LIAISON\u00aeSARS-CoV-2 and the ELISA method did not reveal any difference between the two techniques in terms of sensitivities and specificities regarding the determination of the IgG. Conclusions This study reports the validation of the LIAISON\u00aeSARS-CoV-2 allowing to detect IgG antibodies specifically directed against SARS-CoV-2. The analytical and clinical performances are excellent, and the automation of the test offers important rates, ideal for absorbing an extension of testing."}, {"pmid": 32448895, "title": "IBD in the Times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Hernandez Benabe, Stefany", "Langshaw, Amber H"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448895", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469687, "title": "Silver Linings: An Opportunity to Improve Clinical Paradigms After the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Hoffman, Hannah I", "Guo, Jimmy A", "Hawkins, Maria A", "Bridgewater, John A", "Wo, Jennifer Y", "Hong, Theodore S", "Hwang, William L"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469687", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462289, "pmcid": "PMC7253235", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on the Cardio-Oncology Population.", "journal": "Curr Oncol Rep", "authors": ["Asokan, Ishan", "Rabadia, Soniya V", "Yang, Eric H"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462289", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV, COVID-19) is historically one of the most severe acute respiratory syndromes and pandemics to affect the globe in the twenty-first century. Originating in Wuhan, the virus rapidly spread and impacted subsets of populations with initial unclear risk factors contributing to worsening morbidity and mortality. Patients with diagnosis of cancer and undergoing treatment further represent a population at risk for worsening cardiopulmonary outcomes. This review explores specific risk factors, diagnoses, and treatment options that impact cardio-oncologic patients with COVID-19. Multiple studies globally, including Italy, China, and the USA, have documented severe outcomes. Cancer patients are at increased risk of cardiac injury which itself is a risk factor for mortality. Additionally, elderly cancer patients undergoing recent anti-cancer treatment may be at greater risk for sustaining worse outcomes, although data remains suboptimal in this population. Major gaps remain regarding risk associated with type of cancer and type of anti-cancer treatment, as well as the layered risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Immunomodulatory therapies used to treat cytokine release syndrome secondary to anti-cancer therapies, as well as other agents being traditionally used to treat cardiovascular and cancer disease states, are being investigated for treatment of COVID-19. Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer have been associated with more severe COVID-19 infection and worse outcomes. Patients undergoing anti-cancer therapy or those who have suffered from coronavirus infection may develop long-standing changes, not limited to pulmonary fibrosis, hyperlipidemia, and worsening atherosclerosis. Those undergoing anti-cancer therapy are at theoretically increased susceptibility for infection, with type of cancer not necessarily dictating outcome. A review of the literature of patients with cardiovascular and/or cancer disease is presented, as well as proposed strategies to attenuate risk regarding treatment, management, and surveillance in this vulnerable population."}, {"pmid": 32320809, "pmcid": "PMC7167222", "title": "Changes in testing rates could mask the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) growth rate.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Omori, Ryosuke", "Mizumoto, Kenji", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320809", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 in China, it has rapidly spread around the world, leading to one of the most significant pandemic events of recent history. Deriving reliable estimates of the COVID-19 epidemic growth rate is quite important to guide the timing and intensity of intervention strategies. Indeed, many studies have quantified the epidemic growth rate using time-series of reported cases during the early phase of the outbreak to estimate the basic reproduction number, R0. Using daily time series of COVID-19 incidence, we illustrate how epidemic curves of reported cases may not always reflect the true epidemic growth rate due to changes in testing rates, which could be influenced by limited diagnostic testing capacity during the early epidemic phase."}, {"pmid": 32405606, "pmcid": "PMC7219354", "title": "Influence of the containment on the epidemiology of maxillo-facial emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Why no more cellulites of odontogenic origin?", "journal": "J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Kun-Darbois, J D", "Kahn, A", "Corre, P"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405606", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375144, "title": "Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance on Behalf of the International Fetal Medicine and Surgery Society.", "journal": "Fetal Diagn Ther", "authors": ["Deprest, Jan", "Choolani, Mahesh", "Chervenak, Frank", "Farmer, Diana", "Lagrou, Katrien", "Lopriore, Enrico", "McCullough, Laurence", "Olutoye, Olutoyin", "Simpson, Lynn", "Van Mieghem, Tim", "Ryan, Greg"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375144", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has stressed patients and healthcare givers alike and challenged our practice of antenatal care, including fetal diagnosis and therapy. This document aims to review relevant recent information to allow us to optimize prenatal care delivery. We discuss potential modifications to obstetric management and fetal procedures in SARS-CoV2-negative and SARS-CoV2-positive patients with fetal anomalies or disorders. Most fetal therapies are time sensitive and cannot be delayed. If personnel and resources are available, we should continue to offer procedures of proven benefit, acknowledging any fetal and maternal risks, including those to health care workers. There is, to date, minimal, unconfirmed evidence of spontaneous vertical transmission, though it may theoretically be increased with some procedures. Knowing a mother's preoperative SARS-CoV-2 status would enable us to avoid or defer certain procedures while she is contagious and to protect health care workers appropriately. Some fetal conditions may alternatively be managed neonatally. Counseling regarding fetal interventions which have a possibility of additional intra- or postoperative morbidity must be performed in the context of local resource availability. Procedures of unproven benefit should not be offered. We encourage participation in registries and trials that may help us to understand the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women, their fetuses, and neonates."}, {"pmid": 32202014, "pmcid": "PMC7228312", "title": "Three children who recovered from novel coronavirus 2019 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Paediatr Child Health", "authors": ["Lou, Xin Xia", "Shi, Cai Xiao", "Zhou, Chong Chen", "Tian, Yu Sheng"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202014", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517520, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Everything Old Is New Again in Public Health Education.", "journal": "Health Educ Behav", "authors": ["Ramirez-Valles, Jesus", "Breton, Eric", "Chae, David H", "Haardorfer, Regine", "Kuhns, Lisa M"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517520", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474033, "pmcid": "PMC7255758", "title": "Markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Kunutsor, Setor K", "Laukkanen, Jari A"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474033", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207910, "title": "Novel 2019 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): An updated overview for emergency clinicians", "journal": "Emerg Med Pract", "authors": ["Giwa, A L", "Desai, Akash", "Duca, Andrea"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207910", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has quickly become a worldwide threat to health, travel, and commerce. This overview analyzes the best information from the early research, including epidemiologic and demographic features from SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV viruses; lessons learned from the experience of an emergency physician in Northern Italy, where the outbreak has devastated the healthcare system; evidence on transmission and prevention through safe use of PPE; evidence and advice on SARS-CoV-2 testing and co-infection; management options; airway management options; steps for rapid sequence intubation in the ED and managing disaster ventilation; and  information on managing pediatric and pregnant patients."}, {"pmid": 32422341, "pmcid": "PMC7227582", "title": "ACEI/ARB use and risk of infection or severity or mortality of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Xue", "Yu, Jiong", "Pan, Li-Ya", "Jiang, Hai-Yin"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422341", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on the risk of COVID-19 infection and disease progression are yet to be investigated. The relationship between ACEI/ARB use and COVID-19 infection was systematically reviewed. To identify relevant studies that met predetermined inclusion criteria, unrestricted searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were conducted. The search strategy included clinical date published until May 9, 2020. Twelve articles involving more than 19,000 COVID-19 cases were included. To estimate overall risk, random-effects models were adopted. Our results showed that ACEI/ARB exposure was not associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 infection (OR = 0.99; 95 % CI, 0-1.04; P = 0.672). Among those with COVID-19 infection, ACEI/ARB exposure was also not associated with a higher risk of having severe infection (OR = 0.98; 95 % CI, 0.87-1.09; P = 0.69) or mortality (OR = 0.73, 95 %CI, 0.5-1.07; P = 0.111). However, ACEI/ARB exposure was associated with a lower risk of mortality compared to those on non-ACEI/ARB antihypertensive drugs (OR = 0.48, 95 % CI, 0.29-0.81; P = 0.006). In conclusion, current evidence did not confirm the concern that ACEI/ARB exposure is harmful in patientswith COVID-19 infection. This study supports the current guidelines that discourage discontinuation of ACEIs or ARBs in COVID-19 patients and the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32436320, "title": "The role of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19: Healing in most, harm at times.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["French, Martyn A", "Moodley, Yuben"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436320", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438687, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic during the Time of the Diabetes Pandemic: Likely Fraternal Twins?", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Cole, Shelley A", "Laviada-Molina, Hugo A", "Serres-Perales, Jeannette M", "Rodriguez-Ayala, Ernesto", "Bastarrachea, Raul A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438687", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An altered immune response to pathogens has been suggested to explain increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in patients with diabetes. Recent evidence has documented several immunometabolic pathways in patients with diabetes directly related to the COVID-19 infection. This also seems to be the case for prediabetic subjects with proinflammatory insulin resistance syndrome accompanied with prothrombotic hyperinsulinemic and dysglycemic states. Patients with frank hyperglycemia, dysglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia develop systemic immunometabolic inflammation with higher levels of circulating cytokines. This deleterious scenario has been proposed as the underlying mechanism enhancing a cytokine storm-like hyperinflammatory state in diabetics infected with severe COVID-19 triggering multi-organ failure. Compared with moderately affected COVID-19 patients, diabetes was found to be highly prevalent among severely affected patients suggesting that this non-communicable disease should be considered as a risk factor for adverse outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic mirrors with the diabetes pandemic in many pathobiological aspects. Our interest is to emphasize the ties between the immunoinflammatory mechanisms that underlie the morbidity and lethality when COVID-19 meets diabetes. This review brings attention to two pathologies of highly complex, multifactorial, developmental and environmentally dependent manifestations of critical importance to human survival. Extreme caution should be taken with diabetics with suspected symptoms of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32302404, "pmcid": "PMC7188170", "title": "The Essential Role of Home- and Community-Based Physical Therapists During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Falvey, Jason R", "Krafft, Cindy", "Kornetti, Diana"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302404", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415300, "title": "Biotech companies prepare for COVID-19 downturn.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "authors": ["Senior, Melanie"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415300", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356298, "title": "[Deaths in nine regions of Italy in February/March 2020: \"Mortality Excess Loupe\" for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19-Epidemiology in Germany].", "journal": "Gesundheitswesen", "authors": ["Morfeld, Peter", "Erren, Thomas C"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356298", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is particularly affected by SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Recently, Colombo and Impicciatore compared the deaths in 1084 selected municipalities between 21 February 2020 and 21 March 2020 with deaths in the same time period in 2015 to 2019. We extend analyses of data from the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and calculate SMRs for all causes of death in the nine selected regions of Italy, separately for men and women and summarized. We analyze the effect of covariables by Poisson modelling and discuss the limitations of the current elaborations. We conclude: In agreement with Colombo and Impicciatore, in the particular corona situation, this \"mortality excess loupe\" - assuming otherwise constant determinants of death - can be a virus-test-independent tool to determine mortality effects of SARS-CoV-2. The current \"loupe\" is focused on municipalities with increases of more than 20% deaths in March 2020 compared to the average deaths on the same days in 2015-2019. The time window of investigation could be opened before 21 February 2020 to detect masked increases in mortality before the first \"COVID-19 death\" was ascertained. The current \"loupe\" conveys pronounced mortality increases also in regions that were not considered to be corona hotspots. In this respect, even in the absence of representative virus test results, mortality data can be important indicators of the distribution or spread of a newly acting factor. Overall, it is advisable to carry out SMR analyses for Germany on a regular basis, differentiated by region, gender, age group and cause of death. Such analyses can contribute to the early detection and evaluation of the severity of a deadly pandemic (\"burden of disease\") as well as to monitoring the dynamic spread of a factor such as SARS-CoV-2. SMR analyses can also be used to assess and evaluate both desired and undesired effects of measures taken against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 - and possibly other epidemics or pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32329525, "pmcid": "PMC7264665", "title": "Characteristics and Palliative Care Needs of COVID-19 Patients Receiving Comfort-Directed Care.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Sun, He", "Lee, Jihae", "Meyer, Benjamin J", "Myers, Ellen L", "Nishikawa, Mia S", "Tischler, Jonah L", "Blinderman, Craig D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329525", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439571, "pmcid": "PMC7234931", "title": "Surgical systems redesign in response to COVID-19 Invited Commentary on \"Optimizing response in surgical systems during and after COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons from China and the UK- perspective\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Wakam, Glenn K", "Alam, Hasan B"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439571", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468944, "title": "Time for a culture change: understanding and reducing risk, morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 in those of black and minority ethnicity.", "journal": "Br J Hosp Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Singh, Iqbal", "Chand, Kailash", "Singh, Arun", "Kandadi, Kondal R"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468944", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following a number of epidemics in the 21st century, including Ebola and Middle East respiratory syndrome, the SARS-COV-2 virus, causing COVID-19 disease, was declared a pandemic health emergency of international concern in January 2020."}, {"pmid": 32358134, "title": "Council business continues virtually despite Covid-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358134", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BVA Council met via online video conferencing to discuss BVA's ongoing response to the coronavirus pandemic and how veterinary work might need to change in the medium to long term as restrictions ease."}, {"pmid": 32398169, "title": "Battle with COVID-19 in Iran: What lessons can be learned from the implementation of reaction strategies so far?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad", "Janati, Ali", "Gholizadeh, Masoumeh"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398169", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205321, "title": "Covid-19: six million doses of hydroxychloroquine donated to US despite lack of evidence.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205321", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400298, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on the undergraduate medical curriculum.", "journal": "Med Educ Online", "authors": ["Sandhu, Preeti", "de Wolf, Maisie"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400298", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic has impacted medical education globally. As universities seek to deliver medical education through new methods of modalities, this continuing of education ensures the learning of the future workforce of the NHS. Novel ways of online teaching should be considered in new medical curricula development, as well as methods of delivering practical skills for medical students online."}, {"pmid": 32118392, "title": "[Cardiac manifestations of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and related treatment recommendations].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tan, Z C", "Fu, L H", "Wang, D D", "Hong, K"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118392", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419777, "pmcid": "PMC7225718", "title": "No Need of Transforming Gastroenterology Units to COVID Units at the Time of SARS-COV2 Infection - A Single-Center Analysis from Northern Italy.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Zingone, Fabiana", "Casadei, Cesare", "Farinati, Fabio", "Savarino, Edoardo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456846, "pmcid": "PMC7242955", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: The why, the what and the how.", "journal": "J Diabetes Complications", "authors": ["Cuschieri, Sarah", "Grech, Stephan"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456846", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has taken the world by storm. Alongside COVID-19, diabetes is a long-standing global epidemic. The diabetes population has been reported to suffer adverse outcomes if infected by COVID-19. The aim was to summarise information and resources available on diabetes and COVID-19, highlighting special measures that individuals with diabetes need to follow. A search using keywords \"COVID-19\" and \"Diabetes\" was performed using different sources, including PubMed and World Health Organization. COVID-19 may enhance complications in individuals with diabetes through an imbalance in angiotension-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activation pathways leading to an inflammatory response. ACE2 imbalance in the pancreas causes acute \u03b2-cell dysfunction and a resultant hyperglycemic state. These individuals may be prone to worsened COVID-19 complications including vasculopathy, coagulopathy as well as psychological stress. Apart from general preventive measures, remaining hydrated, monitoring blood glucose regularly and monitoring ketone bodies in urine if on insulin is essential. All this while concurrently maintaining physical activity and a healthy diet. Different supporting entities are being set up to help this population. COVID-19 is a top priority. It is important to remember that a substantial proportion of the world's population is affected by other co-morbidities such as diabetes. These require special attention during this pandemic to avoid adding on to the burden of countries' healthcare systems."}, {"pmid": 32432424, "title": "[Health crisis and suicidal crisis: mirrored lighting].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Prada, Paco", "Greiner, Christian", "De Neris, Melanie", "Bondolfi, Guido"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432424", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The psychotherapeutic management of a suicidal crisis makes it possible to think of the health crisis linked to COVID-19 from a particular angle. In this article, we show the parallels but also the differences between these two types of crises. The sequential course of the crisis, the viral agent which acts as a triggering factor and the host of reactions which follow can thus evoke a suicidal crisis during which a subject often perceives an external event as a precipitating factor. However, unlike confinement in the case of the virus, it is the relationship, in particular the therapeutic relationship, which makes it possible to get through the crisis. This relationship should allow us to get to know our specific vulnerabilities, those on which the triggering factor has specifically acted."}, {"pmid": 32344199, "pmcid": "PMC7172604", "title": "Sedating ventilated COVID-19 patients with inhalational anesthetic drugs.", "journal": "EBioMedicine", "authors": ["Orser, Beverley A", "Wang, Dian-Shi", "Lu, Wei-Yang"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344199", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259387, "pmcid": "PMC7262335", "title": "International perspectives: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cytology.", "journal": "Cancer Cytopathol", "authors": ["Rossi, Esther Diana", "Pantanowitz, Liron"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259387", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470948, "title": "Why does COVID-19 disproportionately affect older people?", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Mueller, Amber L", "McNamara, Maeve S", "Sinclair, David A"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470948", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severity and outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) largely depends on a patient's age. Adults over 65 years of age represent 80% of hospitalizations and have a 23-fold greater risk of death than those under 65. In the clinic, COVID-19 patients most commonly present with fever, cough and dyspnea, and from there the disease can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, lung consolidation, cytokine release syndrome, endotheliitis, coagulopathy, multiple organ failure and death. Comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity increase the chances of fatal disease, but they alone do not explain why age is an independent risk factor. Here, we present the molecular differences between young, middle-aged and older people that may explain why COVID-19 is a mild illness in some but life-threatening in others. We also discuss several biological age clocks that could be used in conjunction with genetic tests to identify both the mechanisms of the disease and individuals most at risk. Finally, based on these mechanisms, we discuss treatments that could increase the survival of older people, not simply by inhibiting the virus, but by restoring patients' ability to clear the infection and effectively regulate immune responses."}, {"pmid": 32454456, "title": "Endocrinology in the time of COVID-19: Diagnosis and Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.", "journal": "Eur J Endocrinol", "authors": ["Thangaratinam, Shakila", "Cooray, Shamil D", "Sukumar, Nithya", "Huda, Mohammed S", "Devlieger, Roland", "Benhalima, Katrien", "McAuliffe, Fionnuala", "Saravanan, Ponnusamy", "Teede, Helena"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454456", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has required rapid transformation and adaptation of healthcare services. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are one of the largest high-risk groups accessing antenatal care. In reformulating the care offered to those with GDM, there is a need to balance the sometimes competing requirement of lowering the risk of direct viral transmission against the potential adverse impact of service changes. We suggest pragmatic options for screening of GDM in a pandemic setting based on blood tests, and risk calculators applied to underlying risk factors. Alternative models for antenatal care provision for women with GDM, including targeting high-risk groups, early lifestyle interventions and remote monitoring are provided. Testing options and their timing for postpartum screening in women who had GDM are also considered. Our suggestions are only applicable in a pandemic scenario; usual guidelines and care pathways should be re-implemented as soon as possible and appropriate."}, {"pmid": 32334087, "pmcid": "PMC7195138", "title": "Senegal faces the coronavirus disease -19 challenge.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Sokhna, Cheikh"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334087", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491034, "title": "Domestic violence in the COVID-19 pandemic: a forensic psychiatric perspective.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Telles, Lisieux E de Borba", "Valenca, Alexandre M", "Barros, Alcina J S", "da Silva, Antonio Geraldo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491034", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517888, "title": "Severe COVID-19 with debut as bilateral pneumonia, ischemic stroke, and acute myocardial infarction.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Garcia Espinosa, Jade", "Moya Sanchez, Elena", "Martinez Martinez, Alberto"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517888", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453692, "title": "Is thromboprophylaxis with high-dose enoxaparin really necessary for COVID-19 patients? A new \"prudent\" randomised clinical trial.", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Cattaneo, Marco", "Morici, Nuccia"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453692", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487685, "title": "European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) and European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) joint considerations about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, screening programs, colposcopy, and surgery during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Gynecol Cancer", "authors": ["Ciavattini, Andrea", "Delli Carpini, Giovanni", "Giannella, Luca", "Arbyn, Marc", "Kyrgiou, Maria", "Joura, Elmar A", "Sehouli, Jalid", "Carcopino, Xavier", "Redman, Charles W", "Nieminen, Pekka", "Cruickshank, Maggie", "Gultekin, Murat"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366816, "pmcid": "PMC7218962", "title": "An Evidence Based Perspective on mRNA-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Wang, Fuzhou", "Kream, Richard M", "Stefano, George B"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366816", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in late 2019. The subsequent COVID-19 pandemic rapidly affected the health and economy of the world. The global approach to the pandemic was to isolate populations to reduce the spread of this deadly virus while vaccines began to be developed. In March 2020, the first phase I clinical trial of a novel lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA-based vaccine, mRNA-1273, which encodes the spike protein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2, began in the United States (US). The production of mRNA-based vaccines is a promising recent development in the production of vaccines. However, there remain significant challenges in the development and testing of vaccines as rapidly as possible to control COVID-19, which requires international collaboration. This review aims to describe the background to the rationale for the development of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the current status of the mRNA-1273 vaccine."}, {"pmid": 32433386, "title": "Firearm Industry Groups Are Using COVID-19 to Expand Gun Rights.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Pomeranz, Jennifer L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433386", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342543, "pmcid": "PMC7267333", "title": "Conservation of personal protective equipment for head and neck cancer surgery during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Chow, Velda Ling Yu", "Chan, Jimmy Yu Wai", "Ho, Valerie Wai Yee", "Lee, George Chung Ching", "Wong, Melody Man Kuen", "Wong, Stanley Thian Sze", "Gao, Wei"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342543", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE). This study aims to stratify face shield needs when performing head and neck cancer surgery. Fifteen patients underwent surgery between March 1, 2020 and April 9, 2020. Operative diagnosis and procedure; droplet count and distribution on face shields were documented. Forty-five surgical procedures were performed for neck nodal metastatic carcinoma of unknown origin (n = 3); carcinoma of tonsil (n = 2), tongue (n = 2), nasopharynx (n = 3), maxilla (n = 1), and laryngopharynx (n = 4). Droplet contamination was 57.8%, 59.5%, 8.0%, and 0% for operating, first and second assistant surgeons, and scrub nurse respectively. Droplet count was highest and most widespread during osteotomies. No droplet splash was noted for transoral robotic surgery. Face shield is not a mandatory adjunctive PPE for all head and neck surgical procedures and health care providers. Judicious use helps to conserve resources during such difficult times."}, {"pmid": 32079577, "title": "Coronavirus: Wales tests 90% of suspected patients in their own home.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32079577", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496260, "title": "Rational use of face mask in a tertiary care hospital setting during COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Supehia, Sakshi", "Singh, Vanya", "Sharma, Twinkle", "Khapre, Meenakshi", "Gupta, Puneet Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496260", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Masks play a role in the protection of health-care workers (HCWs) from acquiring respiratory infections, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in health-care settings. This observational study was conducted among 382 HCWs in a tertiary care setting over a period of 1 month. Descriptive analysis was done to assess the rational and recommended use of masks/respirators during COVID-19 pandemic using a structured observation checklist as a survey tool. A total of 374 HCWs were included, 64.9% of whom were using face masks rationally as mentioned per risk area categorization with a predominance of triple-layered mask during all 4 weeks. Overall, 64.1% used masks correctly. Clear guidelines and strategies can help to increase the compliance of HCWs with rational use of face masks."}, {"pmid": 32461235, "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Bigaut, Kevin", "Mallaret, Martial", "Baloglu, Seyyid", "Nemoz, Benjamin", "Morand, Patrice", "Baicry, Florent", "Godon, Alexandre", "Voulleminot, Paul", "Kremer, Laurent", "Chanson, Jean-Baptiste", "de Seze, Jerome"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461235", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514319, "pmcid": "PMC7267166", "title": "COVID-19: Infection prevention and control guidance for all ultrasound practitioners.", "journal": "Australas J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["Basseal, Jocelyne M", "Westerway, Susan Campbell", "McAuley, Terry"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514319", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), an enveloped virus, is the causative agent of the disease known as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019). Proper infection prevention and control measures and good hygiene practices are essential to prevent spread of COVID-19 and protect both patients and the healthcare worker. These guidelines are relevant to all ultrasound practitioners and provides guidance on cleaning and disinfection of ultrasound equipment, the environment and PPE (protective personal equipment) during the COVID-19 outbreak in the Australasian region."}, {"pmid": 32425288, "pmcid": "PMC7229922", "title": "Clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients admitted to ICU with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Blake, Alan", "Collins, Daniel", "O'Connor, Enda", "Bergin, Colm", "McLaughlin, Anne Marie", "Martin-Loeches, Ignacio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425288", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305249, "pmcid": "PMC7159860", "title": "A case of COVID-19 patient with the diarrhea as initial symptom and literature review.", "journal": "Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Yang, Xiaodong", "Zhao, Jie", "Yan, Qiang", "Zhang, Shangxin", "Wang, Yigao", "Li, Yongxiang"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305249", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since Dec 2019, a cluster of pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, and soon spread to all province of China. The pathogen was proved to be a novel betacoronavirus called 2019 novel coronavirus (officially named by the World Health Organization as COVID-19). The typical clinical manifestations were fever, cough, dyspnea, and myalgia or fatigue. Less common symptoms included headache, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. However diarrhea as the first symptom is rarely reported. Here we reported a case of 2019 novel coronavirus-infected patient (NCIP) with diarrhea as the initial symptom. Image of CT scan and laboratory examination and careful collected as well as detection of viral RNA in pharynx. The case demonstrate that gastrointestinal symptoms ware not rare in NCIP, and diarrhea could be the initial symptom."}, {"pmid": 32407755, "pmcid": "PMC7214319", "title": "A Tale of Two Cities: Insight and Practical Considerations During the Covid Pandemic.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Cestari, Andrea", "White, Wesley M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397182, "title": "Influenza Virus Like Particles (VLPs): Opportunities for H7N9 Vaccine Development.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Pushko, Peter", "Tretyakova, Irina"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397182", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of the ongoing COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, influenza virus remains a major threat to public health due to its potential to cause epidemics and pandemics with significant human mortality. Cases of H7N9 human infections emerged in eastern China in 2013 and immediately raised pandemic concerns as historically, pandemics were caused by the introduction of new subtypes into immunologically na\u00efve human populations. Highly pathogenic H7N9 cases with severe disease were reported recently, indicating the continuing public health threat and the need for a prophylactic vaccine. Here we review the development of recombinant influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) as vaccines against H7N9 virus. Several approaches to vaccine development are reviewed including the expression of VLPs in mammalian, plant and insect cell expression systems. Although considerable progress has been achieved, including demonstration of safety and immunogenicity of H7N9 VLPs in the human clinical trials, the remaining challenges need to be addressed. These challenges include improvements to the manufacturing processes, as well as enhancements to immunogenicity in order to elicit protective immunity to multiple variants and subtypes of influenza virus."}, {"pmid": 32432997, "pmcid": "PMC7258753", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Stroke Care and Potential Solutions.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Zhao, Jing", "Li, Hang", "Kung, David", "Fisher, Marc", "Shen, Ying", "Liu, Renyu"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432997", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and Purpose- When the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak became paramount, medical care for other devastating diseases was negatively impacted. In this study, we investigated the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on stroke care across China. Methods- Data from the Big Data Observatory Platform for Stroke of China consisting of 280 hospitals across China demonstrated a significant drop in the number of cases of thrombolysis and thrombectomy. We designed a survey to investigate the major changes during the COVID-19 outbreak and potential causes of these changes. The survey was distributed to the leaders of stroke centers in these 280 hospitals. Results- From the data of Big Data Observatory Platform for Stroke of China, the total number of thrombolysis and thrombectomy cases dropped 26.7% (P<0.0001) and 25.3% (P<0.0001), respectively, in February 2020 as compared with February 2019. We retrieved 227 valid complete datasets from the 280 stroke centers. Nearly 50% of these hospitals were designated hospitals for COVID-19. The capacity for stroke care was reduced in the majority of the hospitals. Most of the stroke centers stopped or reduced their efforts in stroke education for the public. Hospital admissions related to stroke dropped \u224840%; thrombolysis and thrombectomy cases dropped \u224825%, which is similar to the results from the Big Data Observatory Platform for Stroke of China as compared with the same period in 2019. Many factors contributed to the reduced admissions and prehospital delays; lack of stroke knowledge and proper transportation were significant limiting factors. Patients not coming to the hospital for fear of virus infection was also a likely key factor. Conclusions- The COVID-19 outbreak impacted stroke care significantly in China, including prehospital and in-hospital care, resulting in a significant drop in admissions, thrombolysis, and thrombectomy. Although many factors contributed, patients not coming to the hospital was probably the major limiting factor. Recommendations based on the data are provided."}, {"pmid": 32374357, "title": "The Ethics of COVID-19 Immunity-Based Licenses (\"Immunity Passports\").", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Persad, Govind", "Emanuel, Ezekiel J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374357", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407545, "pmcid": "PMC7272906", "title": "Letter to the Editor-Behavioral Health Implications of Inmate Release During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Forensic Sci", "authors": ["Piel, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407545", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359919, "pmcid": "PMC7180348", "title": "COVID-19: The European institute of oncology as a \"hub\" centre for breast cancer surgery during the pandemic in Milan (Lombardy region, northern Italy) - A screenshot of the first month.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Vicini, Elisa", "Galimberti, Viviana", "Naninato, Paola", "Vento, Anna Rita", "Ribeiro Fontana, Sabrina Kahler", "Veronesi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359919", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502748, "pmcid": "PMC7245312", "title": "Is it time to consider an income guarantee for the period that patients with COVID-19 spend in isolation: an Indian perspective.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Singh, S M", "Mohindra, R", "Shouan, A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502748", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393406, "pmcid": "PMC7242769", "title": "Hospital Emergency Management of Emerging Infectious Disease using Instant Communication Technology.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Lin, Chih-Hao", "Hsieh, Chih-Chia", "Chi, Chih-Hsien"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393406", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442294, "title": "Therapy with agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gnavi, Roberto", "Demaria, Moreno", "Picariello, Roberta", "Dalmasso, Marco", "Ricceri, Fulvio", "Costa, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442294", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Exposure to agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system was not associated to a risk increase of COVID-19 infection in two Italian matched case-control studies, one nested in hypertensive patients and the other in patients with cardiovascular diseases or diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32498973, "pmcid": "PMC7251394", "title": "Current evidence on pancreatic involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Pancreatology", "authors": ["Thaweerat, Wajana"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498973", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391620, "pmcid": "PMC7272888", "title": "Statewide Stay-At-Home Directives on the Spread of COVID-19 in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Counties in the United States.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Lin, Ge", "Zhang, Tonglin", "Zhang, Ying", "Wang, Quanyi"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391620", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275072, "pmcid": "PMC7262245", "title": "Vaginal delivery report of a healthy neonate born to a convalescent mother with COVID--19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Xiong, Xiali", "Wei, Hong", "Zhang, Zhihong", "Chang, Jing", "Ma, Xiaopeng", "Gao, Xiang", "Chen, Qiang", "Pang, Qiumei"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275072", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the infection of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID--19) has become a challenging public health threat worldwide. Limited data are available for pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. We report a case of a convalescing pregnant woman diagnosed with COVID-19 infection 37 days before delivery in the third trimester. A live birth without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was performed successfully via the vagina. The findings from our case indicate that there is no intrauterine transmission in this woman who developed COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy."}, {"pmid": 32342140, "pmcid": "PMC7185264", "title": "Returning to orthopaedic business as usual after COVID-19: strategies and options.", "journal": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc", "authors": ["de Caro, Francesca", "Hirschmann, Thomas Michael", "Verdonk, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this manuscript is to review the available strategies in the international literature to efficiently and safely return to both normal orthopaedic surgical activities and to normal outpatient clinical activities in the aftermath of a large epidemic or pandemic. This information would be beneficial to adequately reorganize outpatient clinics and hospitals to provide the highest possible level of orthopaedic care to our patients in a safe and efficient manner. A literature search was performed for relevant research articles. In addition, the World Health Organisation (WHO), the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC), American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), the EU CDC and other government health agency websites were searched for any relevant information. In particular, interest was paid to strategies and advise on managing the orthopaedic patient flow during outpatient clinics as well as surgical procedures including the necessary safety measures, while still providing a high-quality patient experience. The obtained information is provided as a narrative review. There was not any specific literature concerning the organization of an outpatient clinic and surgical activities and the particular challenges in dealing with a high-volume practice, in the afterwave of a pandemic. As the COVID-19 crisis has abruptly halted most of the orthopaedic activities both in the outpatient clinic and the operating room, a progressive start-up scenario needs to be planned. The exact timing largely depends on factors outside of our control. After restrictions will be lifted, clinical and surgical volume will progressively increase. This paper offers key points and possible strategies to provide the highest level of safety to both the orthopaedic patient and the orthopaedic team including administrative staff and nurses, during the start-up phase. Review, Level V."}, {"pmid": 32346683, "pmcid": "PMC7156899", "title": "Prevention of COVID-19 in Older Adults: A Brief Guidance from the International Association for Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG) Asia/Oceania region.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Chhetri, J K", "Chan, P", "Arai, H", "Chul Park, S", "Sriyani Gunaratne, P", "Setiati, S", "Assantachai, P"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346683", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368838, "pmcid": "PMC7267297", "title": "Preliminary data on outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Spanish single center cohort of kidney recipients.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Montagud-Marrahi, Enrique", "Cofan, Frederic", "Torregrosa, Josep-Vicens", "Cucchiari, David", "Ventura-Aguiar, Pedro", "Revuelta, Ignacio", "Bodro, Marta", "Pineiro, Gaston J", "Esforzado, Nuria", "Ugalde, Jessica", "Guillen, Elena", "Rodriguez-Espinosa, Diana", "Campistol, Josep M", "Oppenheimer, Federico", "Moreno, Asuncion", "Diekmann, Fritz"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368838", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356516, "title": "Potential influences of obstructive sleep apnea and obesity on COVID-19 severity.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["McSharry, David", "Malhotra, Atul"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356516", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481380, "title": "Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for Coronavirus disease 2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Yang, Maoyi", "Hu, Zhipeng", "Yue, Rensong"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481380", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is no specific cure for this disease, and the clinical management mainly depends on supportive treatment. Traditional Chinese medicines (CHM) is widely used in treating COVID-19 in China. A comprehensive literature search will be conducted. Two methodological trained researchers will read the title, abstract, and full texts and independently select the qualified literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. After assessment of the risk of bias and data extraction, we will conduct meta-analyses for outcomes related to COVID-19. The heterogeneity of data will be investigated by Cochrane \u03c7 and I tests. Then publication bias assessment will be conducted by funnel plot analysis and Egger test. The results of our research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Our study aims to systematically present the clinical evidence of CHM in the treatment of COVID-19, which will be of guiding significance for further research and clinical practice. 10.17605/OSF.IO/H7GMU."}, {"pmid": 32329593, "title": "Telemedicine from research to practice during the pandemic. \"Instant paper from the field\" on rehabilitation answers to the Covid-19 emergency.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Negrini, Stefano", "Kiekens, Carlotte", "Bernetti, Andrea", "Capecci, Marianna", "Ceravolo, Maria Gabriella", "Lavezzi, Susanna", "Zampolini, Mauro", "Boldrini, Paolo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329593", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 pandemic is creating collateral damage to outpatients, whose rehabilitation services have been disrupted in most of the European countries. Telemedicine has been advocated as a possible solution. This paper reports the contents of the third Italian Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (SIMFER) webinar on \"experiences from the field\" Covid-19 impact on rehabilitation (\"Covinars\"). It provides readily available, first-hand information about the application of telemedicine in rehabilitation. The experiences reported were very different for population (number and health conditions), interventions, professionals, service payment, and technologies used. Commonalities included the pushing need due to the emergency, previous experiences, and a dynamic research and innovation environment. Lights included feasibility, results, reduction of isolation, cost decrease, stimulation to innovation, satisfaction of patients, families, and professionals beyond the starting diffidence. Shadows included that telemedicine can integrate but will never substitute face-to-face rehabilitation base on the encounter among human beings; age, and technology barriers (devices absence, bad connection and human diffidence) have also been reported. Possible issues included privacy and informed consent, payments, cultural difficulties in understanding that telemedicine is a real rehabilitation intervention. There was a final agreement that this experience will be incorporated by participants in their future services: technology is ready, but the real challenge is to change PRM physicians' and patients' habits, while better specific regulation is warranted."}, {"pmid": 32358107, "title": "In other Covid-19 news.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358107", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32166128, "pmcid": "PMC7061470", "title": "The novel coronavirus outbreak: what can be learned from China in public reporting?", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Li, Hao", "Chen, Xinguang", "Huang, Hao"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166128", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus outbreak gets everyone's attention. China's national actions against the outbreak have contributed great contributions to the world. China has been learning from practice for better reporting and is fast to adapt itself. In this article we discuss China's practice in public reporting and its implications to global health. Confirmed cases, dynamic suspected cases, recovered cases, and deaths have been reported both in accumulative numbers and their daily updates. Some ratio indictors reporting (fatality rate, recovery rate, etc.), trend reporting, and global surveillance have been applied as well. Some improvements can still be made. It is necessary to further explore the influential factors behind the indicators for interventions. Recommendations are made to the World Health Organization and other countries for better public reporting and surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32360326, "title": "Prevalence and fatality rates of COVID-19: What are the reasons for the wide variations worldwide?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A", "Leonardi, Roberto", "Fasoli, Gino", "Rigamonti, Daniele"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360326", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401215, "pmcid": "PMC7247465", "title": "Telehealth Home Support During COVID-19 Confinement for Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Mild Dementia: Survey Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Goodman-Casanova, Jessica Marian", "Dura-Perez, Elena", "Guzman-Parra, Jose", "Cuesta-Vargas, Antonio", "Mayoral-Cleries, Fermin"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401215", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The public health emergency of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is rapidly evolving worldwide; some countries, including Spain, have implemented restrictive measures. Populations that are vulnerable to this outbreak and its physical and mental health effects include community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia. Telehealth is a potential tool to deliver health care and decrease exposure risk. The aims of this study were to explore the impact of confinement on the health and well-being of community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia, to provide television-based and telephone-based health and social support, and to study the effects of a television-based assistive integrated technology, TV-AssistDem (TeleVision-based ASSistive Integrated Service to supporT European adults living with mild DEMentia or mild cognitive impairment). A telephone-based survey was administered in Spain to 93 participants in the TV-AssistDem clinical trial from March 25 to April 6, 2020. Of the respondents, 60/93 (65%) were women. The mean age was 73.34 (SD 6.07), and 69/93 (74%) lived accompanied. Lockdown measures forced 17/93 respondents (18%) to change their living arrangements. Health status was found to be optimal in 89/93 respondents (96%), with no COVID-19 symptoms. Grocery and pharmacy outings were performed by family members of 68/93 participants (73%); 57 (61%) reported overall well-being, and 65 (70%) maintained their sleep quality. However, participants living alone reported greater negative feelings and more sleeping problems. Regarding leisure activities, 53/93 respondents (57%) took walks, 32 (35%) played memory games, 55 (60%) watched television, and 91 (98%) telephoned relatives. 58/93 (64%) respondents reported accessing moderate or too much COVID-19 information, 89 (97%) received it from television, and 56 (62%) stated that their understanding of the information was extreme. 39/93 (39%) respondents had contacted health and social services, while 29 (31%) requested information regarding these services during the telephone call. There were no significant differences in health and well-being between the intervention and control groups. Respondents with TV-AssistDem performed more memory exercises (24/93, 52% vs 8/93, 17.4%; P<.001) than control respondents. Our findings suggest that during COVID-19 confinement, the physical and mental health and well-being was optimal for the majority of our vulnerable population. However, those living alone reported greater negative psychological effects and sleeping problems. Measures adopted to address the negative experiences of confinement included keeping informed about the situation, accessing health and social services, having a support network that prevents risk of exposure to COVID-19 and guarantees food and medical supplies, a daily routine with maintained sleeping habits and leisure activities, staying physically and mentally active with cognitive stimulation exercises, and ensuring social connectedness using technology. Television sets were preferred technological devices to access COVID-19 information, watch television as a recreational activity, and perform memory exercises as an intellectual activity. Television-based telehealth support using TV-AssistDem demonstrated potential for cognitive stimulation. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03653234; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03653234."}, {"pmid": 32353640, "pmcid": "PMC7128831", "title": "Work in the Time of Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Surg Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Lindsey M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353640", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450165, "pmcid": "PMC7243768", "title": "Coronaviruses pathogenesis, comorbidities and multi-organ damage - A review.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Renu, Kaviyarasi", "Prasanna, Pureti Lakshmi", "Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Abilash"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450165", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human coronaviruses, especially COVID-19, is an emerging pandemic infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality. Coronaviruses are associated with comorbidities, along with the symptoms of it. SARS-CoV-2 is one of the highly pathogenic coronaviruses that causes a high death rate compared to the SARS-CoV and MERS. In this review, we focused on the mechanism of coronavirus with comorbidities and impairment in multi-organ function. The main dysfunction upon coronavirus infection is damage to alveolar and acute respiratory failure. It is associated with the other organ damage such as cardiovascular risk via an increased level of hypertension through ACE2, gastrointestinal dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, liver dysfunction, lung injury, CNS risk, ocular risks such as chemosis, conjunctivitis, and conjunctival hyperemia, cancer risk, venous thromboembolism, tuberculosis, aging, and cardiovascular dysfunction and reproductive risk. Along with this, we have discussed the immunopathology and coronaviruses at a molecular level and therapeutic approaches for the coronavirus infection. The comorbidities and multi-organ failure of COVID-19 have been explained at a molecular level along with the base of the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This review would help us to understand the comorbidities associated with the coronaviruses with multi-organ damage."}, {"pmid": 32373325, "pmcid": "PMC7183249", "title": "Combination of CT and RT-PCR in the screening or diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Wang, Youxin", "Hou, Haifeng", "Wang, Wenrui", "Wang, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373325", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312064, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): two case reports from a family cluster.", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "authors": ["Tang, Lei", "Ye, Zheng", "Huang, Zixing", "Zeng, Xianchun", "Wang, Tao", "Xu, Rui", "Wang, Rongpin", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312064", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease, firstly appeared in Wuhan city and has rapidly spread to 114 countries outside China, which is receiving worldwide attention. As two important means of examination, computed tomography (CT) and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have always been controversial in the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Here, we report a family cluster case of a father and a son diagnosed as COVID-19 at our hospital, and described the clinical manifestations, laboratory results, CT changes, diagnosis and treatment strategy of these two patients. Focus on the value of these two methods in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, as well as their respective deficiencies. For patient 1 (father), the efficacy of RT-PCR is not satisfactory either in terms of diagnosis or follow-up, which may cause misdiagnosis and delay treatment. For patient 2 (son), the clinical symptoms were not obvious, but CT imaging clearly displayed dynamic changes of the lung lesions. Meanwhile, the two patients respectively underwent five chest CT examinations during their hospitalization and discharge follow-up, showing the potential harm of radiation. Therefore, in clinical work, doctors should make full use of the advantages of CT and RT-PCR, and take other measures to make up for their disadvantages."}, {"pmid": 32265007, "pmcid": "PMC7140597", "title": "Whole genome and phylogenetic analysis of two SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated in Italy in January and February 2020: additional clues on multiple introductions and further circulation in Europe.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Stefanelli, Paola", "Faggioni, Giovanni", "Lo Presti, Alessandra", "Fiore, Stefano", "Marchi, Antonella", "Benedetti, Eleonora", "Fabiani, Concetta", "Anselmo, Anna", "Ciammaruconi, Andrea", "Fortunato, Antonella", "De Santis, Riccardo", "Fillo, Silvia", "Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria", "Gismondo, Maria Rita", "Ciervo, Alessandra", "Rezza, Giovanni", "Castrucci, Maria Rita", "Lista, Florigio", "On Behalf Of Iss Covid-Study Group"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265007", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Germany"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Whole genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 obtained from two patients, a Chinese tourist visiting Rome and an Italian, were compared with sequences from Europe and elsewhere. In a phylogenetic tree, the Italian patient's sequence clustered with sequences from Germany while the tourist's sequence clustered with other European sequences. Some additional European sequences in the tree segregated outside the two clusters containing the patients' sequences. This suggests multiple SARS-CoV-2 introductions in Europe or virus evolution during circulation."}, {"pmid": 32390132, "title": "[Cerebral venous thrombosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection].", "journal": "Rev Neurol", "authors": ["Dahl-Cruz, F", "Guevara-Dalrymple, N", "Lopez-Hernandez, N"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390132", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472779, "title": "Food protein-derived antihypertensive peptides in the COVID-19 pandemic: friends of foes?", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Goudarzi, Mostafa", "Garavand, Farhad", "Madadlou, Ashkan", "Fogliano, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472779", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511718, "title": "Electronic Health Record Documentation of Psychiatric Assessments in Massachusetts Emergency Department and Outpatient Settings During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Castro, Victor M", "Perlis, Roy H"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511718", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527624, "pmcid": "PMC7274598", "title": "Risk of Virus Contamination Through Surgical Smoke During Minimally Invasive Surgery: A Systematic Review of Literature on a Neglected Issue Revived in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era.", "journal": "Eur Urol Focus", "authors": ["Pavan, Nicola", "Crestani, Alessandro", "Abrate, Alberto", "Nunzio, Cosimo De", "Esperto, Francesco", "Giannarini, Gianluca", "Galfano, Antonio", "Gregori, Andrea", "Liguori, Giovanni", "Bartoletti, Riccardo", "Porpiglia, Francesco", "Simonato, Alchiede", "Trombetta, Carlo", "Tubaro, Andrea", "Ficarra, Vincenzo", "Novara, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527624", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raised concerns about the safety of laparoscopy due to the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diffusion in surgical smoke. Although no case of SARS-CoV-2 contagion related to surgical smoke has been reported, several international surgical societies recommended caution or even discouraged the use of a laparoscopic approach. To evaluate the risk of virus spread due to surgical smoke during surgical procedures. We searched PubMed and Scopus for eligible studies, including clinical and preclinical studies assessing the presence of any virus in the surgical smoke from any surgical procedure or experimental model. We identified 24 studies. No study was found investigating SARS-CoV-2 or any other coronavirus. About other viruses, hepatitis B virus was identified in the surgical smoke collected during different laparoscopic surgeries (colorectal resections, gastrectomies, and hepatic wedge resections). Other clinical studies suggested a consistent risk of transmission for human papillomavirus (HPV) in the surgical treatments of HPV-related disease (mainly genital warts, laryngeal papillomas, or cutaneous lesions). Preclinical studies showed conflicting results, but HPV was shown to have a high risk of transmission. Although all the available data come from different viruses, considering that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been shown in blood and stools, the theoretical risk of virus diffusion through surgical smoke cannot be excluded. Specific clinical studies are needed to understand the effective presence of the virus in the surgical smoke of different surgical procedures and its concentration. Meanwhile, adoption of all the required protective strategies, including preoperative patient nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19, seems mandatory. In this systematic review, we looked at the risk of virus spread from surgical smoke exposure during surgery. Although no study was found investigating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or any other coronavirus, we found that the theoretical risk of virus diffusion through surgical smoke cannot be excluded."}, {"pmid": 32234131, "title": "[Analysis of CT features of 15 children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Feng, K", "Yun, Y X", "Wang, X F", "Yang, G D", "Zheng, Y J", "Lin, C M", "Wang, L F"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234131", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To explore imaging characteristics of children with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data and chest CT images of 15 children diagnosed with 2019-nCoV infection. They were admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen from January 16 to February 6, 2020. The distribution and morphology of pulmonary lesions on chest CT images were analyzed. Results: Among the 15 children, 5 were males and 10 females, aged from 4 to 14 years. Five of the 15 children were febrile and 10 were asymptomatic on the first visit. The first nasal or pharyngeal swab samples in all the 15 cases were positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid. For their first chest CT images, 6 patients had no lesions, while 9 patients had pulmonary inflammatory lesions. Seven cases had small nodular ground glass opacities and 2 cases had speckled ground glass opacities. After 3 to 5 days of treatment, 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in a second respiratory sample turned negative in 6 cases. Among them, chest CT images showed less lesions in 2 cases, no lesion in 3 cases, and no improvement in 1 case. The remaining 9 cases were still positive in a second nucleic acid test. Six patients showed similar chest CT inflammation, while 3 patients had new lesions, which were all small nodular ground glass opacities. Conclusions: The early chest CT images of children with 2019-nCoV infection are mostly small nodular ground glass opacities. The clinical symptoms of children with 2019-nCoV infection are nonspecific. Dynamic reexamination of chest CT and nucleic acid are important."}, {"pmid": 32361826, "pmcid": "PMC7195612", "title": "COVID-19 and the endocrine system: exploring the unexplored.", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Pal, R", "Banerjee, M"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361826", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405266, "pmcid": "PMC7219401", "title": "Time series modelling to forecast the confirmed and recovered cases of COVID-19.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Maleki, Mohsen", "Mahmoudi, Mohammad Reza", "Wraith, Darren", "Pho, Kim-Hung"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405266", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses from the Coronaviridae family affecting neurological, gastrointestinal, hepatic and respiratory systems. In late 2019 a new member of this family belonging to the Betacoronavirus genera (referred to as COVID-19) originated and spread quickly across the world calling for strict containment plans and policies. In most countries in the world, the outbreak of the disease has been serious and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases has increased daily, while, fortunately the recovered COVID-19 cases have also increased. Clearly, forecasting the \"confirmed\" and \"recovered\" COVID-19 cases helps planning to control the disease and plan for utilization of health care resources. Time series models based on statistical methodology are useful to model time-indexed data and for forecasting. Autoregressive time series models based on two-piece scale mixture normal distributions, called TP-SMN-AR models, is a flexible family of models involving many classical symmetric/asymmetric and light/heavy tailed autoregressive models. In this paper, we use this family of models to analyze the real world time series data of confirmed and recovered COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32425647, "pmcid": "PMC7229726", "title": "Covid-19 accelerates endothelial dysfunction and nitric oxide deficiency.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Green, Shawn J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425647", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292265, "pmcid": "PMC7143201", "title": "Preventive measures and management of COVID-19 in pregnancy.", "journal": "Drugs Ther Perspect", "authors": ["Omer, Sumaira", "Ali, Salamat", "Babar, Zaheer Ud Din"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292265", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32151324, "pmcid": "PMC7133598", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 is an appropriate name for the new coronavirus.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Wu, Yuntao", "Ho, Wenzhe", "Huang, Yaowei", "Jin, Dong-Yan", "Li, Shiyue", "Liu, Shan-Lu", "Liu, Xuefeng", "Qiu, Jianming", "Sang, Yongming", "Wang, Qiuhong", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung", "Zheng, Zhi-Ming"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32151324", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487503, "pmcid": "PMC7250785", "title": "The Impact of the Acute Phase of COVID-19 on Radiotherapy Demand in South East Wales.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Higgins, E", "Walters, S", "Powell, E", "Staffurth, J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487503", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418794, "pmcid": "PMC7200350", "title": "A Veterinary Vaccine Development Process Map to assist in the development of new vaccines.", "journal": "Vaccine", "authors": ["Francis, Michael James"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418794", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The UK Government recognised the importance of vaccines in the control of new emerging disease threats and in 2015 established the UK Vaccine Network to focus on specific areas of need. One of these was the understanding of what is involved in the development of a new vaccine and what are the potential bottlenecks to a rapid response in the face of an epidemic such as Ebola, MERS and more recently COVID-19. A Working Group was established to initially produce a Vaccine Development Process Map for a Human Vaccine. However, in view of the importance of animal wellbeing and the significant impact of diseases with Zoonotic potential, a similar Map has been created outlining the Veterinary Vaccine Development Process. This paper describes the production of that Map and covers the process from the generation of a Target Product Profile (TPP) through Discovery and Feasibility, and on to Product Development and Registration."}, {"pmid": 32512532, "title": "Lived experiences of the corona survivors (patients admitted in COVID wards): A narrative real-life documented summaries of internalized guilt, shame, stigma, anger.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Sahoo, Swapnajeet", "Mehra, Aseem", "Suri, Vikas", "Malhotra, Pankaj", "Yaddanapudi, Lakshmi Narayana", "Dutt Puri, Goverdhan", "Grover, Sandeep"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512532", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a disaster for the human beings. All the Governments across the globe have been preparing to deal with this medical emergency, which is known to be associated with mortality in about 5% of the sufferers. Gradually, it is seen that, many patients with COVID-19 infection have mild symptoms or are asymptomatic. Due to the risk of infecting others, persons with COVID-19 infection are kept in isolation wards. Because of the isolation, the fear of death, and associated stigma, many patients with COVID-19 infection go through mental distress. In this report, we discuss the experience of 3 persons diagnosed with COVId-19 infection and admitted to the COVID ward."}, {"pmid": 32227609, "title": "The possible impact of COVID-19 on colorectal surgery in Italy.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Lisi, G", "Campanelli, M", "Spoletini, D", "Carlini, M"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227609", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485243, "pmcid": "PMC7260566", "title": "Letter to the editor: Awake Craniotomy for Intracranial Gliomas during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Nunez-Velasco, Santiago", "Mercado-Pimentel, Rodrigo", "Rodriguez-Arias, Regina"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485243", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374367, "pmcid": "PMC7239228", "title": "Delirium: a missing piece in the COVID-19 pandemic puzzle.", "journal": "Age Ageing", "authors": ["O'Hanlon, Shane", "Inouye, Sharon K"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374367", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229322, "pmcid": "PMC7102545", "title": "Diagnosis of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): rRT-PCR or CT?", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Long, Chunqin", "Xu, Huaxiang", "Shen, Qinglin", "Zhang, Xianghai", "Fan, Bing", "Wang, Chuanhong", "Zeng, Bingliang", "Li, Zicong", "Li, Xiaofen", "Li, Honglu"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229322", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) and real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for COVID-19 pneumonia. This retrospective study included all patients with COVID-19 pneumonia suspicion, who were examined by both CT and rRT-PCR at initial presentation. The sensitivities of both tests were then compared. For patients with a final confirmed diagnosis, clinical and laboratory data, in addition to CT imaging findings were evaluated. A total of 36 patients were finally diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. Thirty-five patients had abnormal CT findings at presentation, whereas one patient had a normal CT. Using rRT-PCR, 30 patients were tested positive, with 6 cases initially missed. Amongst these 6 patients, 3 became positive in the second rRT-PCR assay(after 2 days, 2 days and 3 days respectively), and the other 3 became positive only in the third round of rRT-PCR tests(after 5 days, 6 days and 8 days respectively). At presentation, CT sensitivity was therefore 97.2%, whereas the sensitivity of initial rRT-PCR was only 83.3%. rRT-PCR may produce initial false negative results. We suggest that patients with typical CT findings but negative rRT-PCR results should be isolated, and rRT-PCR should be repeated to avoid misdiagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32105614, "title": "Chinese medical staff request international medical assistance in fighting against COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Zeng, Yingchun", "Zhen, Yan"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105614", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227916, "pmcid": "PMC7123821", "title": "Nano Research for COVID-19.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Chan, Warren C W"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227916", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533439, "title": "The start of the Austrian response to the COVID-19 crisis: a personal account.", "journal": "Wien Klin Wochenschr", "authors": ["Muller, Markus"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533439", "countries": ["Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419658, "title": "COVID-19 and Long-Term Care Policy for Older People in Canada.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Beland, Daniel", "Marier, Patrik"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419658", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Older people are especially vulnerable to COVID-19, including and especially people living in long-term care facilities. In this Perspective, we discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care policy in Canada. More specifically, we use the example of recent developments in Quebec, where a tragedy in a specific facility is acting as a dramatic \"focusing event\". It draws attention to the problems facing long-term care facilities, considering existing policy legacies and the opening of a \"policy window\" that may facilitate comprehensive reforms in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32278074, "pmcid": "PMC7141631", "title": "Emergency response to the outbreak of COVID-19: the Korean case.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Ha, Kyoo-Man"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278074", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This letter aims to describe how Korea can improve its emergency response to the outbreak of COVID-19. The key finding is that the nation has to shift from a self-interest-oriented response to a shared-interest-oriented response. Similarly, neighboring nations could form a national framework of networks among stakeholders."}, {"pmid": 32125453, "pmcid": "PMC7080079", "title": "Imaging changes in severe COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125453", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294864, "title": "[Thinking on clinical rational use of TCM injection in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Z F", "Wang, Y P", "Zhang, H M", "Fan, Y P", "Lu, C", "Wang, Y Y"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294864", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390495, "title": "Balancing the Covid-19-motivated vascular access guidelines and patient-centred care of pre-dialysis candidates.", "journal": "J Vasc Access", "authors": ["Georgiadis, George S", "Argyriou, Christos", "Baktiroglu, Selcuk", "Lazarides, Miltos K", "Mallios, Alexandros", "Tordoir, Jan Hm"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390495", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recommendations recently proposed by the European and American Vascular Societies in this new 'Covid-19' era regarding the triage of various vascular operations into urgent, emergent and programmed based on the nature of their pathology aim at reserving health care expenses and hospital staff towards managing the current unexpected worldwide pandemic to the highest possible degree. The suggestion for implementation of these changes into real-world practice, however, does not come without a cost. In particular, the recommendation for deferral of access creation in pre-dialysis patients, ethical, socio-economic and medico-legal issues arise which should be seriously taken into consideration. At the end of the day, vascular access creation is the lifeline of haemodialysis patients and the indication for surgery warrants patient-specific clinical judgement rather than 'group labelling'."}, {"pmid": 32501380, "pmcid": "PMC7248624", "title": "Exploring the roles of high-speed train, air and coach services in the spread of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Transp Policy (Oxf)", "authors": ["Zhang, Yahua", "Zhang, Anming", "Wang, Jiaoe"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501380", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To understand the roles of different transport modes in the spread of COVID-19 pandemic across Chinese cities, this paper looks at the factors influencing the number of imported cases from Wuhan and the spread speed and pattern of the pandemic. We find that frequencies of air flights and high-speed train (HST) services out of Wuhan are significantly associated with the number of COVID-19 cases in the destination cities. The presence of an airport or HST station at a city is significantly related to the speed of the pandemic spread, but its link with the total number of confirmed cases is weak. The farther the distance from Wuhan, the lower number of cases in a city and the slower the dissemination of the pandemic. The longitude and latitude coordinates do not have a significant relationship with the number of total cases but can increase the speed of the COVID-19 spread. Specifically, cities in the higher longitudinal region tended to record a COVID-19 case earlier than their counterparties in the west. Cities in the north were more likely to report the first case later than those in the south. The pandemic may emerge in large cities earlier than in small cities as GDP is a factor positively associated with the spread speed."}, {"pmid": 32327003, "pmcid": "PMC7218184", "title": "Just the Facts: Protected code blue - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["McIsaac, Sarah", "Wax, Randy S", "Long, Brit", "Hicks, Christopher", "Vaillancourt, Christian", "Ohle, Robert", "Atkinson, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327003", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergency medical services (EMS) is called for a 65-year-old man with a 1-week history of cough, fever, and mild shortness of breath now reporting chest pain. Vitals on scene were HR 110, BP 135/90, SpO2 88% on room air. EMS arrives at the emergency department (ED). As the patient is moved to a negative pressure room, he becomes unresponsive with no palpable pulse. What next steps should be discussed in order to protect the team and achieve the best possible patient outcome?"}, {"pmid": 32320083, "pmcid": "PMC7264583", "title": "Decontamination of face masks with steam for mask reuse in fighting the pandemic COVID-19: experimental supports.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ma, Qing-Xia", "Shan, Hu", "Zhang, Chuan-Mei", "Zhang, Hong-Liang", "Li, Gui-Mei", "Yang, Rui-Mei", "Chen, Ji-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320083", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has claimed many lives worldwide. Wearing medical masks or N95 masks (namely N95 respirators) can slow the virus spread and reduce the infection risk. Reuse of these masks can minimize waste, protect the environment, and help to solve the current imminent shortage of masks. Disinfection of used masks is needed for reuse of them with safety, but improper decontamination can damage the blocking structure of masks. In this study, we demonstrated, using avian coronavirus of infectious bronchitis virus to mimic SARS-CoV-2, that medical masks and N95 masks remained their blocking efficacy after being steamed on boiling water even for 2 hours. We also demonstrated that three brands of medical masks blocked over 99% viruses in aerosols. The avian coronavirus was completely inactivated after being steamed for 5 minutes. Together, this study suggested that medical masks are adequate for use on most social occasions, and both medical masks and N95 masks can be reused for a few days with steam decontamination between use. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32393562, "pmcid": "PMC7214001", "title": "COVID-19: Notes From the Front Line, Singapore's Primary Health Care Perspective.", "journal": "Ann Fam Med", "authors": ["Lim, Wei Han", "Wong, Wei Mon"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393562", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly progressing global pandemic against which nations are struggling for containment. Singapore is known to have promptly instituted aggressive public health and containment measures. A key pillar sustaining this is the response of its primary health care network. It is important for health care systems worldwide to recognize the value of a strong coordinated response to this crisis from a primary health perspective. There are best practices for early isolation and containment of suspect cases while protecting health care workers and limiting cross infections that are transferable across nations. We describe our framework for how our primary care clinics respond to this pandemic in the hope others may find solutions to their unique needs. Moving forward, there is a pressing need for more studies to enhance our understanding of the response of primary care during these public health crises."}, {"pmid": 32244415, "pmcid": "PMC7231234", "title": "People with Suspected COVID-19 Symptoms Were More Likely Depressed and Had Lower Health-Related Quality of Life: The Potential Benefit of Health Literacy.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Nguyen, Hoang C", "Nguyen, Minh H", "Do, Binh N", "Tran, Cuong Q", "Nguyen, Thao T P", "Pham, Khue M", "Pham, Linh V", "Tran, Khanh V", "Duong, Trang T", "Tran, Tien V", "Duong, Thai H", "Nguyen, Tham T", "Nguyen, Quyen H", "Hoang, Thanh M", "Nguyen, Kien T", "Pham, Thu T M", "Yang, Shwu-Huey", "Chao, Jane C-J", "Duong, Tuyen Van"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244415", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic affects people's health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), especially in those who have suspected COVID-19 symptoms (S-COVID-19-S). We examined the effect of modifications of health literacy (HL) on depression and HRQoL. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 14 February to 2 March 2020. 3947 participants were recruited from outpatient departments of nine hospitals and health centers across Vietnam. The interviews were conducted using printed questionnaires including participants' characteristics, clinical parameters, health behaviors, HL, depression, and HRQoL. People with S-COVID-19-S had a higher depression likelihood (OR, 2.88; p < 0.001), lower HRQoL-score (B, -7.92; p < 0.001). In comparison to people without S-COVID-19-S and low HL, those with S-COVID-19-S and low HL had 9.70 times higher depression likelihood (p < 0.001), 20.62 lower HRQoL-score (p < 0.001), for the people without S-COVID-19-S, 1 score increment of HL resulted in 5% lower depression likelihood (p < 0.001) and 0.45 higher HRQoL-score (p < 0.001), while for those people with S-COVID-19-S, 1 score increment of HL resulted in a 4% lower depression likelihood (p = 0.004) and 0.43 higher HRQoL-score (p < 0.001). People with S-COVID-19-S had a higher depression likelihood and lower HRQoL than those without. HL shows a protective effect on depression and HRQoL during the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32294617, "title": "Safety at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: How to Keep our Oncology Patients and Healthcare Workers Safe.", "journal": "J Natl Compr Canc Netw", "authors": ["Cinar, Pelin", "Kubal, Timothy", "Freifeld, Alison", "Mishra, Asmita", "Shulman, Lawrence", "Bachman, James", "Fonseca, Rafael", "Uronis, Hope", "Klemanski, Dori", "Slusser, Kim", "Lunning, Matthew", "Liu, Catherine"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294617", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was first detected as a respiratory illness in December 2019 in Wuhan City, China. Since then, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted every aspect of our lives worldwide. In a time when terms such as social distancing and flattening the curve have become a part of our vernacular, it is essential that we understand what measures can be implemented to protect our patients and healthcare workers. Undoubtedly, healthcare providers have had to rapidly alter care delivery models while simultaneously acknowledging the crucial unknowns of how these changes may affect clinical outcomes. This special feature reviews strategies on how to mitigate transmission of COVID-19 in an effort to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the disease for patients with cancer without infection, for patients with cancer with COVID-19 infection, and for the healthcare workers caring for them, while continuing to provide the best possible cancer care. [Editor's Note: This article includes the most current information available at time of publication; however, recommendations regarding public safety and practice may change rapidly in this situation. Individuals should get the most up to date information from the CDC website.]."}, {"pmid": 32503889, "title": "Prioritising the role of community health workers in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Ballard, Madeleine", "Bancroft, Emily", "Nesbit, Josh", "Johnson, Ari", "Holeman, Isaac", "Foth, Jennifer", "Rogers, Debbie", "Yang, Jane", "Nardella, James", "Olsen, Helen", "Raghavan, Mallika", "Panjabi, Raj", "Alban, Rebecca", "Malaba, Serah", "Christiansen, Molly", "Rapp, Stephanie", "Schechter, Jennifer", "Aylward, Patrick", "Rogers, Ash", "Sebisaho, Jacques", "Ako, Clarise", "Choudhury, Nandini", "Westgate, Carey", "Mbeya, Julius", "Schwarz, Ryan", "Bonds, Matthew H", "Adamjee, Rehan", "Bishop, Julia", "Yembrick, Amanda", "Flood, David", "McLaughlin, Meg", "Palazuelos, Daniel"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503889", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 disproportionately affects the poor and vulnerable. Community health workers are poised to play a pivotal role in fighting the pandemic, especially in countries with less resilient health systems. Drawing from practitioner expertise across four WHO regions, this article outlines the targeted actions needed at different stages of the pandemic to achieve the following goals: (1) PROTECT healthcare workers, (2) INTERRUPT the virus, (3) MAINTAIN existing healthcare services while surging their capacity, and (4) SHIELD the most vulnerable from socioeconomic shocks. While decisive action must be taken now to blunt the impact of the pandemic in countries likely to be hit the hardest, many of the investments in the supply chain, compensation, dedicated supervision, continuous training and performance management necessary for rapid community response in a pandemic are the same as those required to achieve universal healthcare and prevent the next epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32245738, "pmcid": "PMC7270511", "title": "[First case of neonatal infection due to SARS-CoV-2 in Spain].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Alonso Diaz, Clara", "Lopez Maestro, Maria", "Moral Pumarega, Maria Teresa", "Flores Anton, Beatriz", "Pallas Alonso, Carmen Rosa"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245738", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32088679, "title": "2019-nCoV (Wuhan virus), a novel Coronavirus: human-to-human transmission, travel-related cases, and vaccine readiness.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Ralph, Robyn", "Lew, Jocelyne", "Zeng, Tiansheng", "Francis, Magie", "Xue, Bei", "Roux, Melissa", "Toloue Ostadgavahi, Ali", "Rubino, Salvatore", "Dawe, Nicholas J", "Al-Ahdal, Mohammed N", "Kelvin, David J", "Richardson, Christopher D", "Kindrachuk, Jason", "Falzarano, Darryl", "Kelvin, Alyson Anne"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088679", "countries": ["Thailand", "Canada", "France", "Germany", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Japan", "Viet Nam", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019 the Wuhan Health Commission reported a cluster of atypical pneumonia cases that was linked to a wet market in the city of Wuhan, China. The first patients began experiencing symptoms of illness in mid-December 2019. Clinical isolates were found to contain a novel coronavirus with similarity to bat coronaviruses. As of 28 January 2020, there are in excess of 4,500 laboratory-confirmed cases, with > 100 known deaths. As with the SARS-CoV, infections in children appear to be rare. Travel-related cases have been confirmed in multiple countries and regions outside mainland China including Germany, France, Thailand, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, Canada, and the United States, as well as Hong Kong and Taiwan. Domestically in China, the virus has also been noted in several cities and provinces with cases in all but one provinence. While zoonotic transmission appears to be the original source of infections, the most alarming development is that human-to-human transmission is now prevelant. Of particular concern is that many healthcare workers have been infected in the current epidemic. There are several critical clinical questions that need to be resolved, including how efficient is human-to-human transmission? What is the animal reservoir? Is there an intermediate animal reservoir? Do the vaccines generated to the SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV or their proteins offer protection against 2019-nCoV? We offer a research perspective on the next steps for the generation of vaccines. We also present data on the use of in silico docking in gaining insight into 2019-nCoV Spike-receptor binding to aid in therapeutic development. Diagnostic PCR protocols can be found at https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/laboratory-diagnostics-for-novel-coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32520770, "title": "Overview of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Treatment Updates and Advances.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Luo, Yung-Hung", "Chiu, Hwa-Yen", "Weng, Chia-Sui", "Chen, Yuh-Min"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520770", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, several cases of pneumonia with unknown cause were reported in Wuhan, China, and this new type of pneumonia spread rapidly to across provinces during the subsequent weeks. The pathogen was identified quickly and was named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The infectious disease caused by this virus is referred to as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Within months, it has caused a global pandemic and posed a major threat to public health worldwide. As of May 23, 2020, 5,252,452 patients have been confirmed to have the disease, and 339,026 deaths have been reported. Multiple therapeutic trials are ongoing, and some promising results have been released. A vaccine would provide the most effective approach to fight the virus by preventing infection, but none are currently available. To control the COVID-19 outbreak, large-scale measures have been applied to reduce human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Susceptible populations, including older adults, children, and health care providers, warrant particular attention to avoid transmission and infection. This review introduces current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection and treatment strategies, emphasizing the relevant challenges associated with prevention, diagnosis, and management."}, {"pmid": 32449328, "pmcid": "PMC7246190", "title": "Seventy-two Hours, Targeting Time from First COVID-19 Symptom Onset to Hospitalization.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Na, Baeg Ju", "Park, Yoojin", "Huh, In Sil", "Kang, Cho Ryok", "Lee, Jaekyung", "Lee, Jin Yong"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449328", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374952, "title": "Racial Health Disparities and Covid-19 - Caution and Context.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Chowkwanyun, Merlin", "Reed, Adolph L Jr"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374952", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478556, "title": "Emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on U.S. health care workers: A gathering storm.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Ruiz, Mark A", "Gibson, Carri-Ann M"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478556", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is placing enormous stress on U.S. health care workers. Prior studies of infectious disease outbreaks and other catastrophic events have shown the damaging mental health impacts caused by these events. Implications for the policy and treatment of health care workers facing the COVID-19 crisis are discussed in this commentary. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32274964, "pmcid": "PMC7189411", "title": "A review on the cleavage priming of the spike protein on coronavirus by angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and furin.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Hasan, Anwarul", "Paray, Bilal Ahamad", "Hussain, Arif", "Qadir, Fikry Ali", "Attar, Farnoosh", "Aziz, Falah Mohammad", "Sharifi, Majid", "Derakhshankhah, Hossein", "Rasti, Behnam", "Mehrabi, Masoumeh", "Shahpasand, Koorosh", "Saboury, Ali Akbar", "Falahati, Mojtaba"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274964", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The widespread antigenic changes lead to the emergence of a new type of coronavirus (CoV) called as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 that is immunologically different from the previous circulating species. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) is one of the most important receptors on the cell membrane of the host cells (HCs) which its interaction with spike protein (SP) with a furin-cleavage site results in the SARS-CoV-2 invasion. Hence, in this review, we presented an overview on the interaction of ACE-2 and furin with SP. As several kinds of CoVs, from various genera, have at their S1/S2 binding site a preserved site, we further surveyed the role of furin cleavage site (FCS) on the life cycle of the CoV. Furthermore, we discussed that the small molecular inhibitors can limit the interaction of ACE-2 and furin with SP and can be used as potential therapeutic platforms to combat the spreading CoV epidemic. Finally, some ongoing challenges and future prospects for the development of potential drugs to promote targeting specific activities of the CoV were reviewed. In conclusion, this review may pave the way for providing useful information about different compounds involved in improving the effectiveness of CoV vaccine or drugs with minimum toxicity against human health.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32213270, "title": "[Epidemiological analysis on 1 052 cases of COVID-19 in epidemic clusters].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Gan, H", "Zhang, Y", "Yuan, M", "Wu, X Y", "Liu, Z R", "Liu, M", "Wu, J B", "Xu, S J", "Gong, L", "Xu, H L", "Tao, F B"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213270", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of the cases of COVID-19 epidemic clusters, and explore the influence of family factors and social factors such as group activities on the spread of the disease. Methods: The data of cases of COVID-19 epidemic clusters from 19 January, 2020 to 25 February, 2020 were collected from the official platforms of 36 cities in 6 provinces in China. Descriptive statistical methods, \u03c7(2) test and curve fitting were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the clustered cases. Results: By 25 February, 2020, the data of 1 052 cases in 366 epidemic clusters were collected. In these clustered cases, 86.9%(914/1 050) occurred in families. Among the 1 046 cases with gender information, 513 were males (49.0%) and 533 were females (51.0%). The cases were mainly young adults between 18 and 59 years old, accounting for 68.5% (711/1 038). In the 366 epidemic clusters , the clusters in which the first confirmed cases with the history of sojourn in Wuhan or Hubei accounted for 47.0%(172/366). From 19 January to 3 February, 2020, the first confirmed cases with Wuhan or Hubei sojourn history accounted for 66.5%. From 4 to 25 February, the first confirmed cases who had Wuhan or Hubei sojourn history accounted for only 18.2%. The median of interval between the first generation case onset and the second generation case onset was 5 (2-8) days. The median of onset- diagnosis interval of the initial cases was 6 (3-9) days, and the median of onset-diagnosis interval of the secondary cases was 5 (3-8) days. Conclusions: Epidemic clusters of COVID-19 were common in many cities outside Wuhan and Hubei. Close contact in family was one of the main causes for the spread of household transmission of the virus. After 4 February, the epidemic clusters were mainly caused by the first generation or second generation cases in local areas, and the time for diagnosis became shorter."}, {"pmid": 32423368, "pmcid": "PMC7240317", "title": "Factors Associated With Intubation and Prolonged Intubation in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Hur, Kevin", "Price, Caroline P E", "Gray, Elizabeth L", "Gulati, Reeti K", "Maksimoski, Matthew", "Racette, Samuel D", "Schneider, Alexander L", "Khanwalkar, Ashoke R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423368", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify risk factors associated with intubation and time to extubation in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Retrospective observational study. Ten hospitals in the Chicago metropolitan area. Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted between March 1 and April 8, 2020, were included. We evaluated sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with intubation and prolonged intubation for acute respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 infection. Of the 486 hospitalized patients included in the study, the median age was 59 years (interquartile range, 47-69); 271 (55.8%) were male; and the median body mass index was 30.6 (interquartile range, 26.5-35.6). During the hospitalization, 138 (28.4%) patients were intubated; 78 (56.5%) were eventually extubated; 21 (15.2%) died; and 39 (28.3%) remained intubated at a mean \u00b1 SD follow-up of 19.6 \u00b1 6.7 days. Intubated patients had a significantly higher median age (65 vs 57 years, P < .001) and rate of diabetes (56 [40.6%] vs 104 [29.9%], P = .031) as compared with nonintubated patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age, sex, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, history of diabetes, and shortness of breath as factors predictive of intubation. Age and body mass index were the only factors independently associated with time to extubation. In addition to clinical signs of respiratory distress, patients with COVID-19 who are older, male, or diabetic are at higher risk of requiring intubation. Among intubated patients, older and more obese patients are at higher risk for prolonged intubation. Otolaryngologists consulted for airway management should consider these factors in their decision making."}, {"pmid": 32244365, "pmcid": "PMC7231098", "title": "A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Epidemiology Based on Current Evidence.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Park, Minah", "Cook, Alex R", "Lim, Jue Tao", "Sun, Yinxiaohe", "Dickens, Borame L"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244365", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread rapidly across the globe, we aimed to identify and summarize the existing evidence on epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the effectiveness of control measures to inform policymakers and leaders in formulating management guidelines, and to provide directions for future research. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature and preprints on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak following predefined eligibility criteria. Of 317 research articles generated from our initial search on PubMed and preprint archives on 21 February 2020, 41 met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Current evidence suggests that it takes about 3-7 days for the epidemic to double in size. Of 21 estimates for the basic reproduction number ranging from 1.9 to 6.5, 13 were between 2.0 and 3.0. The incubation period was estimated to be 4-6 days, whereas the serial interval was estimated to be 4-8 days. Though the true case fatality risk is yet unknown, current model-based estimates ranged from 0.3% to 1.4% for outside China. There is an urgent need for rigorous research focusing on the mitigation efforts to minimize the impact on society."}, {"pmid": 32341143, "title": "Comparison of Four Molecular In Vitro Diagnostic Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Specimens.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Zhen, Wei", "Manji, Ryhana", "Smith, Elizabeth", "Berry, Gregory J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341143", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the novel human coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first discovered in December 2019 as the cause of an outbreak of pneumonia in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 is fairly non-specific, and symptoms overlap with other seasonal respiratory infections concurrently circulating in the population. Furthermore, it is estimated that up to 80% of infected individuals experience mild symptoms or are asymptomatic, confounding efforts to reliably diagnose COVID-19 empirically. To support infection control measures, there is an urgent need for rapid and accurate molecular diagnostics to identify COVID-19 positive patients. In the present study, we have evaluated the analytical sensitivity and clinical performance of four SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostic assays granted Emergency Use Authorization by the FDA using nasopharyngeal swabs from symptomatic patients: the New York SARS-CoV-2 Real-time Reverse Transcriptase (RT)-PCR Diagnostic Panel (Modified CDC), the Simplexa COVID-19 Direct (Diasorin Molecular), GenMark ePlex SARS-CoV-2 assay (GenMark) and the Hologic Panther Fusion\u00ae SARS-CoV-2 assay (Hologic). This information is crucial for both laboratories and clinical teams, as decisions on which testing platform to implement are made."}, {"pmid": 32320331, "title": "Sex and Gender Disparities in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Womens Health (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Gausman, Jewel", "Langer, Ana"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320331", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181483, "pmcid": "PMC7184328", "title": "Correlation between travellers departing from Wuhan before the Spring Festival and subsequent spread of COVID-19 to all provinces in China.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Zhong, Ping", "Guo, Songxue", "Chen, Ting"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181483", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501150, "title": "Self-Direction of Home and Community-Based Services in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Mahoney, Kevin J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, nursing homes and assisted living facilities have accounted for over 20% of all infections, adult day care and other congregate sites have closed, and traditional home care agencies are facing staff shortages. In this environment, self-direction of home and community-based services, where the participant can hire their own staff and manage a budget that can be used for a broad range of goods and services including home modifications and assistive devices, is seen as a promising intervention. Using self-direction participants can minimize the number of people who enter their homes and pay close family and friends who were already providing many hours of informal care, and now may be unemployed. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services is encouraging this approach. This commentary presents information on how states have responded using the new CMS Toolkit by expanding who can be a paid caregiver, increasing budgets and broadening the kinds of items that can be purchased with budgets to include items like personal protective equipment and supports for telehealth. This Commentary concludes with policy and research questions regarding how the delivery of long-term services and supports (LTSS) may change as the world returns to\"normal\"."}, {"pmid": 32425001, "pmcid": "PMC7089481", "title": "Possible aerosol transmission of COVID-19 and special precautions in dentistry.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Ge, Zi-Yu", "Yang, Lu-Ming", "Xia, Jia-Jia", "Fu, Xiao-Hui", "Zhang, Yan-Zhen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425001", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its emergence in December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted several countries, affecting more than 90 thousand patients and making it a global public threat. The routes of transmission are direct contact, and droplet and possible aerosol transmissions. Due to the unique nature of dentistry, most dental procedures generate significant amounts of droplets and aerosols, posing potential risks of infection transmission. Understanding the significance of aerosol transmission and its implications in dentistry can facilitate the identification and correction of negligence in daily dental practice. In addition to the standard precautions, some special precautions that should be implemented during an outbreak have been raised in this review."}, {"pmid": 32270743, "pmcid": "PMC7157944", "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 19 and human pregnancy.", "journal": "Gynecol Endocrinol", "authors": ["Perez-Lopez, Faustino R", "Saviron-Cornudella, Ricardo", "Chedraui, Peter", "Genazzani, Andrea R"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270743", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330569, "pmcid": "PMC7172783", "title": "Clinical microbiology laboratory adaptation to COVID-19 emergency: experience at a large teaching hospital in Rome, Italy.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Posteraro, B", "Marchetti, S", "Romano, L", "Santangelo, R", "Morandotti, G A", "Sanguinetti, M", "Cattani, P"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330569", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387493, "pmcid": "PMC7200325", "title": "Declining Cirrhosis Hospitalizations in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Cohort Study.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Mahmud, Nadim", "Hubbard, Rebecca A", "Kaplan, David E", "Serper, Marina"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387493", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426740, "pmcid": "PMC7188430", "title": "Misinformation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: How Knowledge Emerges From Noise.", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Rochwerg, Bram", "Parke, Rachael", "Murthy, Srinivas", "Fernando, Shannon M", "Leigh, Jeanna Parsons", "Marshall, John", "Adhikari, Neill K J", "Fiest, Kirsten", "Fowler, Rob", "Lamontagne, Francois", "Sevransky, Jonathan E"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426740", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the amount of information generated during this most recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is enormous, much is of uncertain trustworthiness. This review summaries the many potential sources of information that clinicians turn to during pandemic illness, the challenges associated with performing methodologically sound research in this setting and potential approaching to conducting well done research during a health crisis. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Pandemics and healthcare crises provide extraordinary opportunities for the rapid generation of reliable scientific information but also for misinformation, especially in the early phases, which may contribute to public hysteria. The best way to combat misinformation is with trustworthy data produced by healthcare researchers. Although challenging, research can occur during pandemics and crises and is facilitated by advance planning, governmental support, targeted funding opportunities, and collaboration with industry partners. The coronavirus disease 2019 research response has highlighted both the dangers of misinformation as well as the benefits and possibilities of performing rigorous research during challenging times."}, {"pmid": 32242095, "pmcid": "PMC7117554", "title": "Cancer, COVID-19 and the precautionary principle: prioritizing treatment during a global pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Rev Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Hanna, Timothy P", "Evans, Gerald A", "Booth, Christopher M"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242095", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222159, "pmcid": "PMC7194526", "title": "COVID-19 gives the lie to global health expertise.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Dalglish, Sarah L"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222159", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294755, "title": "Tuberculosis and coronavirus: what do we know?", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia", "Goncalves Junior, Etereldes", "Dalcolmo, Margareth Maria Pretti"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294755", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275869, "pmcid": "PMC7141549", "title": "Making decisions to mitigate COVID-19 with limited knowledge.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Weituo", "Qian, Bi-Yun"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275869", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352569, "pmcid": "PMC7267132", "title": "The Adaptation of Management of Chronic Migraine Patients With Medication Overuse to the Suspension of Treatment Protocols During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons From a Tertiary Headache Center in Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Grazzi, Licia", "Rizzoli, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352569", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445287, "title": "From guidance to practice: Promoting risk communication and community engagement for prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in China.", "journal": "J Evid Based Med", "authors": ["Hu, Guangyu", "Qiu, Wuqi"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445287", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Integrating risk communication and community engagement into the national public health emergency response is crucial. Considering the difficulties and challenges faced by China in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and based on interim guidelines from the World Health Organization, this article makes several recommendations addressing the outbreak in China. These include improvements in the internal governmental risk communication systems, enhancing the coordination between internal and partner governmental emergency management, and promoting public communication in response to societal concerns. Regarding these recommendations, we emphasize community engagement in joint prevention and control, confronting uncertainty and countering rumors effectively, and strengthening international cooperation and evidence-based decision making for prevention and control measures."}, {"pmid": 32328594, "title": "Editorial: COVID-19: an opportunity to lead.", "journal": "Quintessence Int", "authors": ["Levin, Liran"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328594", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363248, "pmcid": "PMC7195375", "title": "Experience of a Radiation Oncology Center Operating During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Lu, Jiade J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363248", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459851, "title": "Stress-induced cardiac arrest with mitral annulus disjunction in a physician amid the COVID-19 pandemic fight.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Marona, Milosz", "Celinska-Spodar, Malgorzata", "Spiewak, Mateusz", "Konopka, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459851", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380044, "pmcid": "PMC7196905", "title": "Obesity could shift severe COVID-19 disease to younger ages.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Kass, David A", "Duggal, Priya", "Cingolani, Oscar"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380044", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501803, "title": "Wearable activity trackers for monitoring adherence to home confinement during the Covid-19 pandemic: a worldwide picture.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Pepin, Jean-Louis", "Bruno, Rosa Maria", "Yang, Ruiyi", "Vercamer, Vincent", "Jouhaud, Paul", "Escourrou, Pierre", "Boutouyrie, Pierre"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501803", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of COVID-19 home confinement, objective, real-time data are needed to assess the population's adherence to home confinement in order to adapt policies and control measures. Wearable activity trackers provide continuous monitoring of people's natural activity patterns whatever their location. We asked whether the huge amount of data they provide might reflect adherence to confinement rules. We analyzed data on number of steps per day from over 740,000 individuals around the world. Results: We show physical activity patterns in several representative countries with total, partial or no home confinement. The decrease in steps per day regions with strict total home confinement ranged from -25 to -54%. Aggregate analysis of activity tracker data, with the potential for a daily update, can inform governments on the adherence to home-confinement policies. "}, {"pmid": 32295658, "pmcid": "PMC7188688", "title": "Shelter Hospital: Glimmers of Hope in Treating Coronavirus 2019.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Zhou, Feng", "Gao, Xuan", "Li, Mengwei", "Zhang, Ying"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295658", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first report of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the outbreak of the disease has been continuously evolving. Until March 17, 2020, 185, 178 cases had been confirmed, including 81,134 cases in China and 104,044 cases outside of China. In this comment, we report the unexpected beneficial effect of a deployable rapid-assembly shelter hospital on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. We describe the shelter hospital maintenance, treatment mode and primary treatment methods, which will provide a valuable experience in dealing with public health emergencies, such as COVID-19, for other countries and areas."}, {"pmid": 32469683, "title": "Use of personal protective equipment while admixing antineoplastic drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic era: Questionnaire survey in Niigata, Japan.", "journal": "J Oncol Pharm Pract", "authors": ["Mitsuboshi, Satoru", "Yoshino, Masaki", "Hosokawa, Hiroki", "Isobe, Hirokazu", "Kobayashi, Kenichi"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469683", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334809, "pmcid": "PMC7151281", "title": "Tracheal trauma after difficult airway management in morbidly obese patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Abou-Arab, Osama", "Huette, Pierre", "Berna, Pascal", "Mahjoub, Yazine"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334809", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333911, "pmcid": "PMC7195377", "title": "Prevalence and Characteristics of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the United States: A Multicenter Cohort Study.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Redd, Walker D", "Zhou, Joyce C", "Hathorn, Kelly E", "McCarty, Thomas R", "Bazarbashi, Ahmad Najdat", "Thompson, Christopher C", "Shen, Lin", "Chan, Walter W"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333911", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482587, "pmcid": "PMC7245321", "title": "Time-trend analysis of medicine sales and shortages during COVID-19 outbreak: Data from community pharmacies.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Romano, Sonia", "Galante, Heloisa", "Figueira, Debora", "Mendes, Zilda", "Rodrigues, Antonio Teixeira"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482587", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a worldwide public health concern. Disruptions in the drug market are expected and shortages might worsen. Community pharmacies can contribute to early identification and report of medicines' supply and demand issues. The aim of this study is to characterize the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on outpatient medicines' sales and shortages. A retrospective, time-trend analysis of medicine sales, shortages and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases was performed from February 1st to April 30th, 2020, and its homologous period (regarding sales only). A detailed analysis of 6 pharmaceutical substances was performed. All data were subjected to rescaling using the min-max normalization method, in order to become comparable. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft\u00ae Excel. The pandemic resulted in an increase in medicines' demand and reported shortages during the early stage of the outbreak. The maximum proportion of medicine sales was registered on March 13th, 2020, 4 days after the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic. By the end of March, sales have already dropped to proportions similar to those of 2019. The maximum proportion of drug shortages was reached about one week after the sales peak and by the end of the study period were below those recorded in the pre-COVID-19 period. The analyzed drugs were paracetamol, ascorbic acid, dapagliflozin plus metformin, rosuvastatin plus ezetimibe, formoterol, and hydroxychloroquine, as these pharmaceutical substances registered the highest growth rate in sales and shortages when compared to the same period in the previous year. Hydroxychloroquine showed the most different pattern trends on sales and shortages of these medicines. Pharmacies can provide timely and real-world data regarding sales and shortages. The adopted measures to guarantee the continuous supply of the medicine market seem to have worked. The long-term impacts of this pandemic are unknown and should continue to be closely monitored."}, {"pmid": 32317412, "title": "COVID-19 in India: Moving from containment to mitigation.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Varghese, George M", "John, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317412", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362298, "pmcid": "PMC7218181", "title": "Electronic screening through community engagement: A national strategic plan to find COVID-19 patients and reduce clinical intervention delays.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad", "Gholizadeh, Masoumeh"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362298", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286607, "pmcid": "PMC7184353", "title": "Might renin-angiotensin system blockers play a role in the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Battistoni, Allegra", "Volpe, Massimo"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286607", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a new coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, has spread globally, affecting >200 000 people worldwide with the so-called COVID-19 disease. The scientific community is actively and constantly working to identify the mechanisms involved in the diffusion of this virus and the pathogenesis of the infection, with its most frequent and severe complication, namely interstitial pneumonia. To date, SARS-CoV-2 is known to enter the host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein. For this reason, the hypothesis that drugs capable of increasing the expression of this protein may have a role in the spread of the virus and in the symptomatology of affected patients has taken hold. The purpose of this Editorial is to briefly show the evidence currently available in this regard and to provide ideas for future research."}, {"pmid": 32054740, "title": "Labs scramble to produce new coronavirus diagnostics.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon", "Kupferschmidt, Kai"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32054740", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293518, "pmcid": "PMC7156900", "title": "Prognosis when using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill COVID-19 patients in China: a retrospective case series.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Zeng, Yingchun", "Cai, Zhongxiang", "Xianyu, Yunyan", "Yang, Bing Xiang", "Song, Ting", "Yan, Qiaoyuan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293518", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354685, "pmcid": "PMC7160056", "title": "Why Choose Cyclosporin A as First-line Therapy in COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Reumatol Clin", "authors": ["Sanchez-Pernaute, Olga", "Romero-Bueno, Fredeswinda I", "Selva-O'Callaghan, Albert"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354685", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434621, "title": "Turkey's response to COVID-19 in terms of mental health.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Ogutlu, Hakan"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434621", "countries": ["Turkey"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (also known as COVID-19) continues to spread throughout the world. In Turkey, which has a strong health system, most hospitals have been turned into pandemic hospitals, elective procedures have been postponed, and doctors have been reassigned to treat COVID-19. Efforts to limit spread of COVID-19 have been effective in reducing the spread of COVID-19. Behind this success was not only the intrinsic strength of the health system but also the strict changes in everyday life wrought by the crisis. It is an inescapable fact that these new measures, such as the imposition of curfew and lockdown, have had a significant effect on the mental health of the general population. Anxiety caused by COVID-19 has spread to the mental state of everyone. Although coronavirus-related diseases will end soon, it is predicted that serious psychiatric disorders will be a lasting consequence of the pandemic. Despite the many negatives brought by COVID-19, it has led to a positive unity between the public and healthcare professionals, and in spite of significant risks to their own health, healthcare workers have risen to the challenge of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32490832, "title": "Radiological approach to COVID-19 pneumonia: Attention should be paid to pulmonary embolism and radiation exposure.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Ufuk, Furkan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490832", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438940, "pmcid": "PMC7248587", "title": "Delayed Primary and Specialty Care: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic Second Wave.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Weinstein, Eric", "Ragazzoni, Luca", "Burkle, Frederick", "Allen, Mea", "Hogan, David", "Della Corte, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438940", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Time is of the essence to continue the pandemic disaster cycle with a comprehensive post-COVID-19 health care delivery system RECOVERY analysis, plan and operation at the local, regional and state level.The second wave of COVID-19 pandemic response are not the ripples of acute COVID-19 patient clusters that will persist until a vaccine strategy is designed and implemented to effect herd immunity. The COVID-19 second wave are the patients that have had their primary and specialty care delayed. This exponential wave of patients requires prompt health care delivery system planning and response."}, {"pmid": 32524708, "title": "Reactivation of COVID-19 - 14 days from the onset of symptoms may not be enough to allow dental treatment.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Tarakji, Bassel", "Nassani, Mohammad Zakaria"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global health disaster (Phelan et al., 2020). On the level of dental practice, the risk of cross infection between infected patients and dental professionals is quite alarming. The current recommendations suggest that dental treatment of patients with suspected/confirmed coronavirus disease should be postponed for at least 14 days from the onset of symptoms (Peng et al., 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32255507, "pmcid": "PMC7262251", "title": "COVID-19 and Older Adults: What We Know.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Shahid, Zainab", "Kalayanamitra, Ricci", "McClafferty, Brendan", "Kepko, Douglas", "Ramgobin, Devyani", "Patel, Ravi", "Aggarwal, Chander Shekher", "Vunnam, Ramarao", "Sahu, Nitasa", "Bhatt, Dhirisha", "Jones, Kirk", "Golamari, Reshma", "Jain, Rohit"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255507", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel virus that causes COVID-19 infection, has recently emerged and caused a deadly pandemic. Studies have shown that this virus causes worse outcomes and a higher mortality rate in older adults and those with comorbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). A significant percentage of older American adults have these diseases, putting them at a higher risk of infection. Additionally, many adults with hypertension, diabetes, and CKD are placed on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers. Studies have shown that these medications upregulate the ACE-2 receptor, the very receptor that the SARS-CoV-2 virus uses to enter host cells. Although it has been hypothesized that this may cause a further increased risk of infection, more studies on the role of these medications in COVID-19 infections are necessary. In this review, we discuss the transmission, symptomatology, and mortality of COVID-19 as they relate to older adults, and possible treatments that are currently under investigation. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:926-929, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32342200, "pmcid": "PMC7184945", "title": "A quick evaluation method of nosocomial infection risk for cancer hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Cancer Res Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Tang, Zaixiang", "Sun, Bei", "Xu, Bo"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342200", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nosocomial infections caused by COVID-19 will result in the immediate closure of the infected medical facility due to the highly contagious nature of COVID-19, further worsening medical shortages. We performed a Delphi consulting study to develop a risk model based on the experience of recently resumed activities in many cancer hospitals in China. Similar method had been used in a Chinese cancer hospital and effectively reduced the nosocomial Infection. We believe that the model can quickly identify COVID-19 cluster risks for medical facilities. The evaluation model could also be integrated into the hospital's emergency response system in a timely manner."}, {"pmid": 32455942, "title": "Potential Therapeutic Targeting of Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein Priming.", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Barile, Elisa", "Baggio, Carlo", "Gambini, Luca", "Shiryaev, Sergey A", "Pellecchia, Alex Y Strongin And Maurizio"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455942", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Processing of certain viral proteins and bacterial toxins by host serine proteases is a frequent and critical step in virulence. The coronavirus spike glycoprotein contains three (S1, S2, and S2') cleavage sites that are processed by human host proteases. The exact nature of these cleavage sites, and their respective processing proteases, can determine whether the virus can cross species and the level of pathogenicity. Recent comparisons of the genomes of the highly pathogenic SARS-CoV2 and MERS-CoV, with less pathogenic strains (e.g., Bat-RaTG13, the bat homologue of SARS-CoV2) identified possible mutations in the receptor binding domain and in the S1 and S2' cleavage sites of their spike glycoprotein. However, there remains some confusion on the relative roles of the possible serine proteases involved for priming. Using anthrax toxin as a model system, we show that in vivo inhibition of priming by pan-active serine protease inhibitors can be effective at suppressing toxicity. Hence, our studies should encourage further efforts in developing either pan-serine protease inhibitors or inhibitor cocktails to target SARS-CoV2 and potentially ward off future pandemics that could develop because of additional mutations in the S-protein priming sequence in coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32113704, "pmcid": "PMC7127067", "title": "The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak.", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Rothan, Hussin A", "Byrareddy, Siddappa N"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113704", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-COV2 and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. Based on the large number of infected people that were exposed to the wet animal market in Wuhan City, China, it is suggested that this is likely the zoonotic origin of COVID-19. Person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 infection led to the isolation of patients that were subsequently administered a variety of treatments. Extensive measures to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 have been implemented to control the current outbreak. Special attention and efforts to protect or reduce transmission should be applied in susceptible populations including children, health care providers, and elderly people. In this review, we highlights the symptoms, epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, phylogenetic analysis and future directions to control the spread of this fatal disease."}, {"pmid": 32387544, "pmcid": "PMC7204656", "title": "Response to: Low dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia a double-edged sword.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Kirkby, Charles", "Mackenzie, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387544", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487515, "title": "Covid-19: Easing lockdown could risk second spike, say public health doctors.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Dowd, Adrian"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487515", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373620, "pmcid": "PMC7187779", "title": "Is Pakistan's Response to Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Adequate to Prevent an Outbreak?", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Javed, Bilal", "Sarwer, Abdullah", "Soto, Erik B", "Mashwani, Zia-Ur-Rehman"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373620", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522515, "title": "The presence and distribution of novel coronavirus in medical environment.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Jiang, Qianli", "Chen, Yinghua", "Dai, Yingchun", "Hu, Guodong"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522515", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292217, "pmcid": "PMC7131747", "title": "Opinion to address a potential personal protective equipment shortage in the global community during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Polym Degrad Stab", "authors": ["Dargaville, Tim", "Spann, Kirsten", "Celina, Mathew"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292217", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic is stretching the global supply situation for face masks and PPE beyond production capacity. This is a call for the R&D community, particularly in the polymer degradation and stability arena, to engage and collaborate with virology and bio-medical experts. We require comparative R&D for extended, reuse and recyclability options, as well as large scale approaches and methods that could quickly be applied on the local level by the public who are not experts and may only have limited resources."}, {"pmid": 32329924, "pmcid": "PMC7264615", "title": "Potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on financial toxicity in cancer survivors.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Baddour, Khalil", "Kudrick, Lauren D", "Neopaney, Aakriti", "Sabik, Lindsay M", "Peddada, Shyamal D", "Nilsen, Marci L", "Johnson, Jonas T", "Ferris, Robert L", "Mady, Leila J"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329924", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of COVID-19, cancer survivors represent a particularly vulnerable population that may be \"doubly hit\" by both costs of cancer treatment and financial strain imposed by the pandemic. We performed a review of the literature pertaining to cancer, financial toxicity, and economic challenges. Multiple societies have put forth recommendations to modify delivery of cancer care in order to minimize patient exposure to the virus. Cancer survivors, especially patients with head and neck cancer, have been disproportionately affected by rising unemployment levels and economic recessions in the past, both of which are linked to higher cancer mortality. Patients who rely on employer-provided insurance and do not qualify for Medicaid may lose access to life-saving treatments. It is essential to implement interventions and policy changes in order to mitigate the effects of this pandemic but also to ensure this becomes a nonissue during the next one."}, {"pmid": 32371101, "pmcid": "PMC7194066", "title": "The correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and rheumatic disease.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Gao, Zhao-Wei", "Wang, Xi", "Lin, Fang", "Dong, Ke"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371101", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245874, "title": "Coping with Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Pearson, Caroline"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245874", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412524, "pmcid": "PMC7221002", "title": "Closing the circle: an agroecological response to covid-19.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Gemmill-Herren, Barbara"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412524", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278081, "pmcid": "PMC7141623", "title": "Association of COVID-19 with pregnancy outcomes in health-care workers and general women.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Khan, S", "Jun, L", "Nawsherwan", "Siddique, R", "Li, Y", "Han, G", "Xue, M", "Nabi, G", "Liu, J"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278081", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478886, "title": "Implementation of a Novel Bluetooth Technology for Remote Deep Brain Stimulation Programming: The Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Beijing Experience.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Zhang, Jianguo", "Hu, Wei", "Chen, Hao", "Meng, Fangang", "Li, Luming", "Okun, Michael S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478886", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419998, "pmcid": "PMC7226655", "title": "Clinical Considerations in Neurosurgical Radiosurgery in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Pannullo, Susan C", "Chidambaram, Swathi", "Brandmaier, Andrew", "Knisely, Jonathan", "Adler, John R Jr"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419998", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting all aspects of the healthcare ecosystem, including administration of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The clinical and logistical challenges created by the COVID-19 public health crisis are clear, but the solutions to these issues are less readily apparent. The goal of this work is to use our experience at a large, academic medical center as a lens for interpreting the many looming issues specific to radiosurgery and its role in the treatment of brain and spine disorders. While the full impact of the pandemic remains to be seen, the aim of this paper is to provide a structural framework to optimize delivery of neurosurgically oriented radiosurgery with proposed clinical workflow strategies. Innovative solutions to the current pandemic crisis affecting the healthcare ecosystem will be driven by increased interdisciplinary and global dialogue."}, {"pmid": 32497090, "title": "Maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection: A systematic review.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Smith, Vinayak", "Seo, Densearn", "Warty, Ritesh", "Payne, Olivia", "Salih, Mohamed", "Chin, Ken Lee", "Ofori-Asenso, Richard", "Krishnan, Sathya", "da Silva Costa, Fabricio", "Vollenhoven, Beverley", "Wallace, Euan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497090", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has created an extraordinary global health crisis. However, with limited understanding of the effects of COVID-19 during pregnancy, clinicians and patients are forced to make uninformed decisions. To systematically evaluate the literature and report the maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with COVID-19. PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched from November 1st, 2019 and March 28th, 2020. Primary studies, reported in English, investigating COVID-19-positive pregnant women and reporting their pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Data in relation to clinical presentation, investigation were maternal and neonatal outcomes were extracted and analysed using summary statistics. Hypothesis testing was performed to examine differences in time-to-delivery. Study quality was assessed using the ICROMS tool. Of 73 identified articles, nine were eligible for inclusion (n = 92). 67.4% (62/92) of women were symptomatic at presentation. RT-PCR was inferior to CT-based diagnosis in 31.7% (26/79) of cases. Maternal mortality rate was 0% and only one patient required intensive care and ventilation. 63.8% (30/47) had preterm births, 61.1% (11/18) fetal distress and 80% (40/50) a Caesarean section. 76.92% (11/13) of neonates required NICU admission and 42.8% (40/50) had a low birth weight. There was one indeterminate case of potential vertical transmission. Mean time-to-delivery was 4.3\u00b13.08 days (n = 12) with no difference in outcomes (p>0.05). COVID-19-positive pregnant women present with fewer symptoms than the general population and may be RT-PCR negative despite having signs of viral pneumonia. The incidence of preterm births, low birth weight, C-section, NICU admission appear higher than the general population."}, {"pmid": 32530146, "title": "[Healthcare, European Stability Mechanism and public funding following the Covid-19 pandemic].", "journal": "G Ital Nefrol", "authors": ["Spampinato, Luigi"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this editorial is to illustrate the new public funding framework of the Italian National Health System following the Covid-19 pandemic. The document reviews the measures put in place by the Italian Government and European Institutions such as the European Commission (EC), the European Central Bank (ECB) and the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) to deal with this health crisis and subsequent severe economic recession, with particular reference to sources and uses of resources. The use of new budgetary financial spaces in deficit entails greater attention to the assessment of interventions and makes it necessary to keep expenditure under strict control. At the same time, the remodeling of expenditure within its aggregates, public investment in innovation, and the removal of administrative obstacles can strengthen the capacity of the healthcare system to meet the extraordinary needs deriving from the spread of Covid-19 and its resilience to future health shocks."}, {"pmid": 32047895, "pmcid": "PMC7108139", "title": "Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin", "Chik-Yan Yip, Cyril", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Wu, Tak-Chiu", "Chan, Jacky M C", "Leung, Wai-Shing", "Chik, Thomas Shiu-Hong", "Choi, Chris Yau-Chung", "Kandamby, Darshana H", "Lung, David Christopher", "Tam, Anthony Raymond", "Poon, Rosana Wing-Shan", "Fung, Agnes Yim-Fong", "Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32047895", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019-novel-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was detected in the self-collected saliva of 91.7% (11/12) of patients. Serial saliva viral load monitoring generally showed a declining trend. Live virus was detected in saliva by viral culture. Saliva is a promising non-invasive specimen for diagnosis, monitoring, and infection control in patients with 2019-nCoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32405872, "pmcid": "PMC7220621", "title": "COVID-19 - ESSKA guidelines and recommendations for resuming elective surgery.", "journal": "J Exp Orthop", "authors": ["Mouton, Caroline", "Hirschmann, Michael T", "Ollivier, Matthieu", "Seil, Romain", "Menetrey, Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405872", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The roadmap to elective surgery resumption after this COVID-19 pandemic should be progressive and cautious. The aim of this paper was to give recommendations and guidelines for resuming elective orthopedic surgery in the safest environment possible. Elective surgery should be performed in COVID-free facilities and hospital stay should be as short as possible. For matters of safety, patients considered first for surgery should be carefully selected according to COVID infection status/exposure, age, ASA physical status classification system / risk factors, socio-professional situation and surgical indication. A strategy for resuming elective surgery in four phases is proposed. Preoperative testing for COVID-19 infection is highly recommended. In any cases, COVID symptoms including fever and increased temperature should be constantly monitored until the day of surgery. Elective surgery should be postponed at the slightest suspicion of a COVID-19 infection. In case of surgery, adapted personal protective equipment in terms of gowns, gloves, masks and eye protection is highly recommended and described."}, {"pmid": 32251934, "pmcid": "PMC7138175", "title": "Acute leukemia in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Leuk Res", "authors": ["Gavillet, Mathilde", "Carr Klappert, Jeanette", "Spertini, Olivier", "Blum, Sabine"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251934", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429722, "title": "Antenatal corticosteroids for pregnant women with COVID-19 infection and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes: a decision analysis.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Clarice G", "Packer, Claire H", "Hersh, Alyssa R", "Caughey, Aaron B"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429722", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: While antenatal corticosteroids are routinely used to decrease adverse neonatal outcomes following preterm delivery, corticosteroids are also associated with worse outcomes in patients with viral respiratory infections. Currently in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unclear whether antenatal corticosteroids for infant benefit outweigh the potential harm to a pregnant woman with a COVID-19 infection.Objective: To determine at which gestational ages administering antenatal corticosteroids is the optimal management strategy for hospitalized women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) who have a COVID-19 infection.Methods: We designed a decision-analytic model to assess the maternal and infant outcomes associated with antenatal corticosteroid administration for risk of preterm delivery following rupture of membranes in the setting of a COVID-19 infection. We used a theoretical cohort of 10,000 women at each gestational age between 24 and 32\u2009weeks who were hospitalized with PPROM and found to be COVID-19 positive. Maternal outcomes included intensive care unit admission and death related to COVID-19 infection. The infant outcomes of interest included respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, neurodevelopmental delay, and death, and were assessed along with maternal and infant quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate model assumptions.Results: In our theoretical cohort of 10,000 women with COVID-19 infection and preterm prelabor rupture of membrane between 24 and 32\u2009weeks, corticosteroid administration resulted in 2,200 women admitted to the ICU and 110 maternal deaths at each gestational age. No antenatal corticosteroid use resulted in 1,500 ICU admissions and 75 maternal deaths at each gestational age. Antenatal corticosteroid administration also resulted in fewer cases of respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and infant death. Overall, we found that between 24 and 30\u2009weeks of gestation, administering antenatal corticosteroids was the optimal management strategy as it resulted in higher combined QALYs than no corticosteroid use. For 31 and 32\u2009weeks of gestation, antenatal corticosteroid administration resulted in lower combined QALYs. On sensitivity analyses, we found that with increasing gestational age, the probability which antenatal corticosteroids was the optimal management strategy decreased.Conclusion: Administration of antenatal corticosteroids was an effective management strategy compared to no corticosteroid administration at gestational ages less than 31\u2009weeks. These results provide data for clinicians to utilize when counseling pregnant patients hospitalized with PPROM and have a COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32472664, "title": "Covid-19 and urology.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Dasgupta, Prokar"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472664", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402533, "pmcid": "PMC7177060", "title": "Noninvasive mechanical ventilation and COVID-19. Minimizing dispersion.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Hernandez Garces, H", "Belenguer Muncharaz, A", "Zaragoza Crespo, R"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402533", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306655, "title": "[The protocol for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of liver injury in coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306655", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240633, "pmcid": "PMC7156221", "title": "Likelihood of survival of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ruan, Shigui"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240633", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464297, "pmcid": "PMC7247983", "title": "Infection control practices in children during COVID-19 pandemic: differences from adults.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Devrim, Ilker", "Bayram, Nuri"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464297", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Limited studies have been published on practices and management of COVID-19 in children. Despite the fact that COVID-19 rarely caused any severe disease in children, the asymptomatic children might be playing an important role for spreading COVID-19 in healthcare facilities. This review aimed at sharing our experience of how to handle patients with COVID-19 in a pediatric referral and tertiary care hospital to prevent the possible transmissions to the healthcare workers (HCWs). This review sought to identify infection control practices measures during COVID-19 pandemic comes from our daily practice combined with the most recent guidelines with the new experience and information. Prevention the transmission of COVID-19 to the HCWs, four primary themes should be taken into consideration; (1) ongoing education and importance of the organization of the healthcare facility, (2) proper clinical triage and isolation of the suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients in the outpatient clinics and in the emergency departments, (3) necessity of the organization of the COVID-19 wards, and (4) utilization of personal protective equipment. Infection control precautions to prevent the possible transmissions to HCWs as well as the other patients and their caregivers from children with COVID-19 are very critical. If sufficient precautions are not taken, healthcare settings may serve as additional source of transmission and spread of COVID-19 in the society."}, {"pmid": 32484155, "title": "Malaria and Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases: Potential Syndemics with COVID-19?", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Gutman, Julie R", "Lucchi, Naomi W", "Cantey, Paul T", "Steinhardt, Laura C", "Samuels, Aaron M", "Kamb, Mary L", "Kapella, Bryan K", "McElroy, Peter D", "Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam", "Lindblade, Kim A"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484155", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, have surpassed 5 million cases globally. Current models suggest that low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) will have a similar incidence but substantially lower mortality rate than high-income countries. However, malaria and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are prevalent in LMICs, and coinfections are likely. Both malaria and parasitic NTDs can alter immunologic responses to other infectious agents. Malaria can induce a cytokine storm and pro-coagulant state similar to that seen in severe COVID-19. Consequently, coinfections with malaria parasites and SARS-CoV-2 could result in substantially worse outcomes than mono-infections with either pathogen, and could shift the age pattern of severe COVID-19 to younger age-groups. Enhancing surveillance platforms could provide signals that indicate whether malaria, NTDs, and COVID-19 are syndemics (synergistic epidemics). Based on the prevalence of malaria and NTDs in specific localities, efforts to characterize COVID-19 in LMICs could be expanded by adding testing for malaria and NTDs. Such additional testing would allow the determination of the rates of coinfection and comparison of severity of outcomes by infection status, greatly improving the understanding of the epidemiology of COVID-19 in LMICs and potentially helping to mitigate its impact."}, {"pmid": 32270388, "pmcid": "PMC7140588", "title": "Liver transplantation and COVID-19 (Coronavirus) infection: guidelines of the liver transplant Society of India (LTSI).", "journal": "Hepatol Int", "authors": ["Saigal, Sanjiv", "Gupta, Subash", "Sudhindran, S", "Goyal, Neerav", "Rastogi, Amit", "Jacob, Mathew", "Raja, Kaiser", "Ramamurthy, Anand", "Asthana, Sonal", "Dhiman, R K", "Singh, Balbir", "Perumalla, Rajasekhar", "Malik, Ashish", "Shanmugham, Naresh", "Soin, Arvinder Singh"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270388", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Liver Transplant Society of India (LTSI) has come up with guidelines for transplant centres across the country to deal with liver transplantation during this evolving pandemic of COVID-19 infection. The guidelines are applicable to both deceased donor as well as living donor liver transplants. In view of the rapidly changing situation of COVID-19 infection in India and worldwide, these guidelines will need to be updated according to the emerging data."}, {"pmid": 32513552, "title": "Adaptive neurology in COVID-19 times.", "journal": "Parkinsonism Relat Disord", "authors": ["Moro, Elena", "Fernandez, Hubert H"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513552", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505362, "title": "Investigate Oral Zinc as a Prophylactic Treatment for Those at Risk for COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["McPherson, Scott W", "Keunen, Jan E", "Bird, Alan C", "Chew, Emily Y", "van Kuijk, Frederik J"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505362", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221306, "pmcid": "PMC7100515", "title": "Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Ou, Xiuyuan", "Liu, Yan", "Lei, Xiaobo", "Li, Pei", "Mi, Dan", "Ren, Lili", "Guo, Li", "Guo, Ruixuan", "Chen, Ting", "Hu, Jiaxin", "Xiang, Zichun", "Mu, Zhixia", "Chen, Xing", "Chen, Jieyong", "Hu, Keping", "Jin, Qi", "Wang, Jianwei", "Qian, Zhaohui"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221306", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since 2002, beta coronaviruses (CoV) have caused three zoonotic outbreaks, SARS-CoV in 2002-2003, MERS-CoV in 2012, and the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019. However, little is currently known about the biology of SARS-CoV-2. Here, using SARS-CoV-2 S protein pseudovirus system, we confirm that human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, find that SARS-CoV-2 enters 293/hACE2 cells mainly through endocytosis, that PIKfyve, TPC2, and cathepsin L are critical for entry, and that SARS-CoV-2 S protein is less stable than SARS-CoV S. Polyclonal anti-SARS S1 antibodies T62 inhibit entry of SARS-CoV S but not SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. Further studies using recovered SARS and COVID-19 patients' sera show limited cross-neutralization, suggesting that recovery from one infection might not protect against the other. Our results present potential targets for development of drugs and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32520085, "title": "COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism: Do not forget the association!", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Mariano, Rachel Zerbini", "Ramos, Marcelo de Carvalho", "Reis, Fabiano"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520085", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375459, "title": "Emergency Management of Mental Hospitals during the Outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Investig", "authors": ["Hu, Nannan", "Mao, Hongjing"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375459", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32214514, "pmcid": "PMC7088298", "title": "[Business cycle highlight: Coronavirus keeps the global economy in suspense].", "journal": "Wirtschaftsdienst", "authors": ["Gern, Klaus-Jurgen", "Hauber, Philipp"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32214514", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523607, "pmcid": "PMC7279122", "title": "[Recommendations for communicating bad news by phone during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemicRecomendacoes para a comunicacao de mas noticias por telefone durante a pandemia do SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Rev Panam Salud Publica", "authors": ["Belli, Laura F"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presents specific challenges for health professionals in the healthcare setting. In this emergency context, the communication of bad news is especially relevant because of the particular way it must be done: the need to maintain social distance or mobility restrictions imposed on the general population means that this task must often be carried out remotely, mostly by telephone calls. This confronts professionals with a number of particular obstacles: a) most of them have little or no training in this kind of communication skills, b) effective communication of bad news largely depends on body language, which is absent in this type of exchange, and c) since this type of remote dialogue is not recommended - except in particular circumstances such as the current ones - there is little literature available to guide the professionals who must carry out this task. This manuscript offers recommendations for remote communication of bad news by telephone, applicable to situations in which this task cannot be carried out in person. A proposal structured around four \"moments\" is presented to guide the remote transmission of bad news in order to improve the care of patients, families and caregivers during this exchange and to reduce the negative impact from it on health professionals."}, {"pmid": 32423976, "title": "Covid-19: \"Unacceptable\" that antibody test claims cannot be scrutinised, say experts.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423976", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353547, "pmcid": "PMC7184999", "title": "COVID-19 and Nigeria: putting the realities in context.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ohia, Chinenyenwa", "Bakarey, Adeleye S", "Ahmad, Tauseef"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353547", "countries": ["China", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was previously known as 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The disease evolved into a serious global emergency, leading to its declaration as a pandemic. On the African continent, Nigeria is just experiencing the direct effects of this pandemic, having recorded her index case in February 2020, with an increasing number of cases every day and a current case fatality ratio of 0.03 as at 13 April 2020. Although the recorded cases may seem low, it has been forecast that Africa will have some of the worst effects of this disease by the end of the pandemic. Generally, African countries have fragile health systems and this remains a source of concern, especially in the event of increased outbreaks. Nigeria's current national health systems cannot effectively respond to the growing needs of already infected patients requiring admission into intensive care units for acute respiratory diseases and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS COV-2) pneumonia. This has grim implications for Nigeria, especially as increased cases loom that may require critical care. Provision of quarantine or isolation facilities and availability of rapid diagnostic kits for fast and reliable testing and diagnosis of the disease can also be a challenge in Africa. There is an urgent need to put into perspective these realities peculiar to Africa including Nigeria and explore available collective measures and interventions to address the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32341049, "title": "Mourning our dead in the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Mahony, Seamus"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341049", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419077, "pmcid": "PMC7231527", "title": "Spontaneous Bleedings in COVID-19 Patients: An Emerging Complication.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Bargellini, Irene", "Cervelli, Rosa", "Lunardi, Alessandro", "Scandiffio, Rossella", "Daviddi, Francesco", "Giorgi, Luigi", "Cicorelli, Antonio", "Crocetti, Laura", "Cioni, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419077", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429716, "title": "Coronavirus and pregnancy: How can three-dimensional printing laboratories help?", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Werner, Heron", "Lopes, Jorge", "Ribeiro, Gerson", "Lopes, Flavia Paiva", "Araujo Junior, Edward"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429716", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216132, "pmcid": "PMC7228324", "title": "Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 to Nursing Homes: Experience from a Singapore Geriatric Centre.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Tan, Li Feng", "Seetharaman, Santhosh"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216132", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234504, "pmcid": "PMC7118535", "title": "COVID-19, diabetes mellitus and ACE2: The conundrum.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Pal, Rimesh", "Bhansali, Anil"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234504", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289099, "pmcid": "PMC7129745", "title": "IDM editorial statement on the 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Shao, Yiming", "Wu, Jianhong"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289099", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413821, "pmcid": "PMC7204706", "title": "A review of modern technologies for tackling COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Kumar, Aishwarya", "Gupta, Puneet Kumar", "Srivastava, Ankita"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413821", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Science and technology sector constituting of data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence are contributing towards COVID-19. The aim of the present study is to discuss the various aspects of modern technology used to fight against COVID-19 crisis at different scales, including medical image processing, disease tracking, prediction outcomes, computational biology and medicines. A progressive search of the database related to modern technology towards COVID-19 is made. Further, a brief review is done on the extracted information by assessing the various aspects of modern technologies for tackling COVID-19 pandemic. We provide a window of thoughts on review of the technology advances used to decrease and smother the substantial impact of the outburst. Though different studies relating to modern technology towards COVID-19 have come up, yet there are still constrained applications and contributions of technology in this fight. On-going progress in the modern technology has contributed in improving people's lives and hence there is a solid conviction that validated research plans including artificial intelligence will be of significant advantage in helping people to fight this infection."}, {"pmid": 32496749, "title": "Psychotherapy in the Post-COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Pract", "authors": ["Plakun, Eric M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496749", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This column anticipates challenges likely to be faced by psychotherapists and their patients after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic subsides. It looks beyond the current impact of loneliness, isolation, thwarted belongingness, and loss toward the longer term impact of moral injury and blocked opportunities for mourning."}, {"pmid": 32322691, "pmcid": "PMC7156988", "title": "The transmissibility of novel Coronavirus in the early stages of the 2019-20 outbreak in Wuhan: Exploring initial point-source exposure sizes and durations using scenario analysis.", "journal": "Wellcome Open Res", "authors": ["Abbott, Sam", "Hellewell, Joel", "Munday, James", "Funk, Sebastian"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322691", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: The current novel coronavirus outbreak appears to have originated from a point-source exposure event at Huanan seafood wholesale market in Wuhan, China. There is still uncertainty around the scale and duration of this exposure event. This has implications for the estimated transmissibility of the coronavirus and as such, these potential scenarios should be explored. \u00a0 Methods: We used a stochastic branching process model, parameterised with available data where possible and otherwise informed by the 2002-2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak, to simulate the Wuhan outbreak. We evaluated scenarios for the following parameters: the size, and duration of the initial transmission event, the serial interval, and the reproduction number (R0). We restricted model simulations based on the number of observed cases on the 25th of January, accepting samples that were within a 5% interval on either side of this estimate. Results: Using a pre-intervention SARS-like serial interval suggested a larger initial transmission event and a higher R0 estimate. Using a SARs-like serial interval we found that the most likely scenario produced an R0 estimate between 2-2.7 (90% credible interval (CrI)). A pre-intervention SARS-like serial interval resulted in an R0 estimate between 2-3 (90% CrI). There were other plausible scenarios with smaller events sizes and longer duration that had comparable R0 estimates. There were very few simulations that were able to reproduce the observed data when R0 was less than 1. Conclusions: Our results indicate that an R0 of less than 1 was highly unlikely unless the size of the initial exposure event was much greater than currently reported. We found that R0 estimates were comparable across scenarios with decreasing event size and increasing duration. Scenarios with a pre-intervention SARS-like serial interval resulted in a higher R0 and were equally plausible to scenarios with SARs-like serial intervals."}, {"pmid": 32324462, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Hill, Barry"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324462", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322401, "pmcid": "PMC7171518", "title": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a pandemic (epidemiology, pathogenesis and potential therapeutics).", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Hamid, Saima", "Mir, Mohammad Yaseen", "Rohela, Gulab Khan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322401", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is highly pathogenic viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. Currently, COVID-19 has caused global health concern. It is assumed that COVID-19 has zoonotic origin based on the large number of infected people who were exposed to the wet market in Wuhan City, China. The phylogenetic analysis has revealed that SARS-CoV-2 has significant sequence similarity with severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) bat viruses, thus bats could be primary possible reservoir. The intermediate host and there subsequent transfer is not known yet, although human to human transfer is widely confirmed. The transmission of COVID-19 infection from one person to another resulted in the isolation of patients who were subsequently given a variety of treatments. To monitor the current outbreak, robust steps have been taken around the globe to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 infection particularly banning international and domestic flights, inducting lockdowns in vulnerable areas, social distancing etc. No clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine against COVID-19 is reported yet. However, in clinical trials, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs were evaluated against COVID-19 infection which resulted in clinical recovery. In this article emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 infection along with potential therapeutic strategies are analyzed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32289259, "pmcid": "PMC7151255", "title": "Reflections on COVID-19.", "journal": "J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs", "authors": ["Lowe, Nancy K"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289259", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452888, "pmcid": "PMC7255393", "title": "ICU and Ventilator Mortality Among Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Auld, Sara C", "Caridi-Scheible, Mark", "Blum, James M", "Robichaux, Chad", "Kraft, Colleen", "Jacob, Jesse T", "Jabaley, Craig S", "Carpenter, David", "Kaplow, Roberta", "Hernandez-Romieu, Alfonso C", "Adelman, Max W", "Martin, Greg S", "Coopersmith, Craig M", "Murphy, David J"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452888", "countries": ["United States", "Georgia"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine mortality rates among adults with critical illness from coronavirus disease 2019. Observational cohort study of patients admitted from March 6, 2020, to April 17, 2020. Six coronavirus disease 2019 designated ICUs at three hospitals within an academic health center network in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Adults greater than or equal to 18 years old with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 disease who were admitted to an ICU during the study period. None. Among 217 critically ill patients, mortality for those who required mechanical ventilation was 35.7% (59/165), with 4.8% of patients (8/165) still on the ventilator at the time of this report. Overall mortality to date in this critically ill cohort is 30.9% (67/217) and 60.4% (131/217) patients have survived to hospital discharge. Mortality was significantly associated with older age, lower body mass index, chronic renal disease, higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, lower PaO2/FIO2 ratio, higher D-dimer, higher C-reactive protein, and receipt of mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, renal replacement therapy, or vasodilator therapy. Despite multiple reports of mortality rates exceeding 50% among critically ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019, particularly among those requiring mechanical ventilation, our early experience indicates that many patients survive their critical illness."}, {"pmid": 32357998, "title": "Cardiac considerations in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Calvillo-Arguelles, Oscar", "Ross, Heather J"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357998", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525813, "title": "Renin-angiotensin system and SARS-CoV-2 interaction: underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications.", "journal": "Gen Physiol Biophys", "authors": ["Hrenak, Jaroslav", "Zorad, Stefan", "Simko, Fedor"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525813", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition supposedly increases the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2, serving as a binding site for SARS-CoV-2. Concerns arose regarding therapy with RAS inhibition during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the pharmacological restraining the classical RAS axis might be beneficial due to the reduction of deleterious effects of angiotensin II and enhancement of the anti-inflammatory angiotensin 1-7 pathway. Unless large controlled studies are performed, RAS inhibition remains the cornerstone therapy in populations with cardiovascular disorders."}, {"pmid": 32267978, "pmcid": "PMC7262353", "title": "Coronavirus and Risk Analysis.", "journal": "Risk Anal", "authors": ["Haas, Charles"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267978", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309622, "pmcid": "PMC7093072", "title": "Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Discoveries (Craiova)", "authors": ["Zhu, Shudong", "Guo, Xialing", "Geary, Kyla", "Zhang, Dianzheng"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309622", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over 100,000 cases of COVID-19 patients infected with the novel coronavirus SARS-COV-2 have been reported worldwide in approximately 2 months, resulting in over 3000 deaths. Potential therapeutic strategies, including remdesivir, chloroquine phosphate, abidol, lopinavir/ritonavir, plasma, antibody, vaccine and stem cells are discussed in this review. With the number of patients increasing daily, there is an urgent need for effective therapeutic intervention."}, {"pmid": 31986259, "pmcid": "PMC7134625", "title": "Emerging understandings of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-01-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31986259", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474629, "pmcid": "PMC7260469", "title": "Clinical characteristics and chest CT imaging features of critically ill COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Zhang, Nan", "Xu, Xunhua", "Zhou, Ling-Yan", "Chen, Gang", "Li, Yu", "Yin, Huiming", "Sun, Zhonghua"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474629", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare clinical, laboratory, and chest computed tomography (CT) findings in critically ill patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who survived and who died. This retrospective study reviewed 60 critically ill patients (43 males and 17 females, mean age 64.4\u2009\u00b1\u200911.0\u00a0years) with COVID-19 pneumonia who were admitted to two different clinical centers. Their clinical and medical records were analyzed, and the chest CT images were assessed to determine the involvement of lobes and the distribution of lesions in the lungs between the patients who recovered from the illness and those who died. Compared with recovered patients (50/60, 83%), deceased patients (10/60, 17%) were older (mean age, 70.6 vs. 62.6\u00a0years, p\u2009=\u20090.044). C-reactive protein (CRP) (110.8\u2009\u00b1\u200926.3\u00a0mg/L vs 63.0\u2009\u00b1\u200950.4\u00a0mg/L, p\u2009<\u20090.001) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (18.7\u2009\u00b1\u200916.6 vs 8.4\u2009\u00b1\u20097.5, p\u2009=\u20090.030) were significantly elevated in the deceased as opposed to the recovered. Medial or parahilar area involvement was observed in all the deceased patients (10/10, 100%), when compared to only 54% (27/50) in the recovered. Ground-glass opacities (97%), crazy-paving pattern (92%), and air bronchogram (93%) were the most common radiological findings. There was significant difference in diabetes (p\u2009=\u20090.025) and emphysema (p\u2009=\u20090.013), and the odds ratio on a deceased patient having diabetes and emphysema was 6 times and 21 times the odds ratio on a recovered patient having diabetes and emphysema, respectively. Older patients with comorbidities such as diabetes and emphysema, and higher CRP and NLRs with diffuse lung involvement were more likely to die of COVID-19. \u2022 Almost all patients critically ill with COVID-19 pneumonia had five lung lobes involved. \u2022 Medial or parahilar area involvement and degree of lung involvement were more serious in the deceased patients when compared with those who recovered from treatment. \u2022 Chronic lung disease, e.g., emphysema, diabetes, and higher serum CRP and NLR characterized patients who died of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32434860, "title": "COVID-19: science must not be the boy who cried wolf.", "journal": "J Epidemiol Community Health", "authors": ["Lewis, Philip", "Erren, Thomas C"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434860", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239578, "pmcid": "PMC7228380", "title": "Priorities for global health community in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Rudnicka, Lidia", "Gupta, Mrinal", "Kassir, Martin", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Sadoughifar, Roxanna", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239578", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407466, "pmcid": "PMC7239202", "title": "An inflammatory profile correlates with decreased frequency of cytotoxic cells in COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bordoni, Veronica", "Sacchi, Alessandra", "Cimini, Eleonora", "Notari, Stefania", "Grassi, Germana", "Tartaglia, Eleonora", "Casetti, Rita", "Giancola, Letizia", "Bevilacqua, Nazario", "Maeurer, Markus", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Locatelli, Franco", "De Benedetti, Fabrizio", "Palmieri, Fabrizio", "Marchioni, Luisa", "Capobianchi, Maria R", "D'Offizi, Gianpiero", "Petrosillo, Nicola", "Antinori, Andrea", "Nicastri, Emanuele", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Agrati, Chiara"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407466", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increased production of inflammatory cytokines and myeloid-derived suppressor cells occur in COVID-19 patients. These inversely correlated with perforin-expressing NK and CD3+T-cells. We observed a lower perforin+ NK cells number in intensive care unit (ICU) compared to non-ICU patients, suggesting an impairment of the immune cytotoxic arm as a pathogenic mechanism."}, {"pmid": 32368894, "pmcid": "PMC7202248", "title": "Can N95 Respirators Be Reused after Disinfection? How Many Times?", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Liao, Lei", "Xiao, Wang", "Zhao, Mervin", "Yu, Xuanze", "Wang, Haotian", "Wang, Qiqi", "Chu, Steven", "Cui, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368894", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a major shortage of N95 respirators, which are essential for protecting healthcare professionals and the general public who may come into contact with the virus. Thus, it is essential to determine how we can reuse respirators and other personal protective equipment in these urgent times. We investigated multiple commonly used disinfection schemes on media with particle filtration efficiency of 95%. Heating was recently found to inactivate the virus in solution within 5 min at 70 \u00b0C and is among the most scalable, user-friendly methods for viral disinfection. We found that heat (\u226485 \u00b0C) under various humidities (\u2264100% relative humidity, RH) was the most promising, nondestructive method for the preservation of filtration properties in meltblown fabrics as well as N95-grade respirators. At 85 \u00b0C, 30% RH, we were able to perform 50 cycles of heat treatment without significant changes in the filtration efficiency. At low humidity or dry conditions, temperatures up to 100 \u00b0C were not found to alter the filtration efficiency significantly within 20 cycles of treatment. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was a secondary choice, which was able to withstand 10 cycles of treatment and showed small degradation by 20 cycles. However, UV can potentially impact the material strength and subsequent sealing of respirators. Finally, treatments involving liquids and vapors require caution, as steam, alcohol, and household bleach all may lead to degradation of the filtration efficiency, leaving the user vulnerable to the viral aerosols."}, {"pmid": 32431021, "title": "Experience of Remote Cardiac Care during Covid-19 Pandemic: the V-LAP device in advanced heart failure.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["D'Amario, Domenico", "Restivo, A", "Canonico, F", "Rodolico, D", "Galli, M", "Burzotta, F", "Vergallo, R", "Trani, C", "Aspromonte, N", "Crea, Filippo"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431021", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246515, "title": "Ethics and Economic Growth in the Age of COVID-19: What Is a Just Society to Do?", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Hilsenrath, Peter E"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246515", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502723, "pmcid": "PMC7263267", "title": "Nursing education in a pandemic: Academic challenges in response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Nurse Educ Today", "authors": ["Dewart, Georgia", "Corcoran, Lynn", "Thirsk, Lorraine", "Petrovic, Kristin"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502723", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317275, "pmcid": "PMC7234273", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with spontaneous pneumothorax.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Rohailla, Sagar", "Ahmed, Najma", "Gough, Kevin"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317275", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426310, "pmcid": "PMC7204432", "title": "Are Children Most of the Submerged Part of SARS-CoV-2 Iceberg?", "journal": "Front Pediatr", "authors": ["Passanisi, Stefano", "Lombardo, Fortunato", "Salzano, Giuseppina", "Pajno, Giovanni Battista"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426310", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532729, "title": "Why I won't see you on the barricades: Disability and COVID-19.", "journal": "Can Fam Physician", "authors": ["Neilson, Shane"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532729", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32077789, "pmcid": "PMC7233369", "title": "Chest CT Findings in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Relationship to Duration of Infection.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Bernheim, Adam", "Mei, Xueyan", "Huang, Mingqian", "Yang, Yang", "Fayad, Zahi A", "Zhang, Ning", "Diao, Kaiyue", "Lin, Bin", "Zhu, Xiqi", "Li, Kunwei", "Li, Shaolin", "Shan, Hong", "Jacobi, Adam", "Chung, Michael"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077789", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this retrospective study, chest CTs of 121 symptomatic patients infected with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) from four centers in China from January 18, 2020 to February 2, 2020 were reviewed for common CT findings in relationship to the time between symptom onset and the initial CT scan (i.e. early, 0-2 days (36 patients), intermediate 3-5 days (33 patients), late 6-12 days (25 patients)). The hallmarks of COVID-19 infection on imaging were bilateral and peripheral ground-glass and consolidative pulmonary opacities. Notably, 20/36 (56%) of early patients had a normal CT. With a longer time after the onset of symptoms, CT findings were more frequent, including consolidation, bilateral and peripheral disease, greater total lung involvement, linear opacities, \"crazy-paving\" pattern and the \"reverse halo\" sign. Bilateral lung involvement was observed in 10/36 early patients (28%), 25/33 intermediate patients (76%), and 22/25 late patients (88%)."}, {"pmid": 32420940, "title": "The role of the radiologist in diagnosing the COVID-19 infection. Parma experiences.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Balbi, Maurizio", "Ristani, Adela", "Milanese, Gianluca", "Silva, Mario", "Ledda, Roberta Eufrasia", "Milone, Francesca", "Sartorio, Carlotta", "Tringali, Giulia", "Sverzellati, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420940", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease that ranges from an asymptomatic or mild flu-like illness to severe pneumonia, multiorgan failure, and death. Imaging might play an important role in clinical decision making by supporting rapid triage of patients with suspected COVID-19 and assessing supervening complications, such as super-added bacterial infection and thrombosis. Further studies will clarify the real impact of imaging on COVID-19 patients' management and the potential role of radiology in future outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32452375, "title": "[Covid-19: care protocols or research protocols?]", "journal": "Med Sci (Paris)", "authors": ["Amiel, Philippe", "Chneiweiss, Herve", "Dosquet, Christine"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452375", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419707, "pmcid": "PMC7225717", "title": "[A tool to support the work of surgical teams and face the Covid 19 pandemic].", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Maestre, Jose M", "Luis Rabago, Jose", "Moral, Ignacio Del"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419707", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32144176, "title": "Trump claims public health warnings on covid-19 are a conspiracy against him.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144176", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306495, "pmcid": "PMC7264616", "title": "Potential implications of COVID-19 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Prins, Grietje H", "Olinga, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306495", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32190290, "pmcid": "PMC7074995", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: The most important research questions.", "journal": "Cell Biosci", "authors": ["Yuen, Kit-San", "Ye, Zi-Wei", "Fung, Sin-Yee", "Chan, Chi-Ping", "Jin, Dong-Yan"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32190290", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an ongoing global health emergency. Here we highlight nine most important research questions concerning virus transmission, asymptomatic and presymptomatic virus shedding, diagnosis, treatment, vaccine development, origin of virus and viral pathogenesis."}, {"pmid": 32202336, "pmcid": "PMC7228354", "title": "Nursing and the novel coronavirus: Risks and responsibilities in a global outbreak.", "journal": "J Adv Nurs", "authors": ["Choi, Kristen R", "Skrine Jeffers, Kia", "Cynthia Logsdon, M"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386545, "pmcid": "PMC7204677", "title": "Coast-to-Coast Spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the Early Epidemic in the United States.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Fauver, Joseph R", "Petrone, Mary E", "Hodcroft, Emma B", "Shioda, Kayoko", "Ehrlich, Hanna Y", "Watts, Alexander G", "Vogels, Chantal B F", "Brito, Anderson F", "Alpert, Tara", "Muyombwe, Anthony", "Razeq, Jafar", "Downing, Randy", "Cheemarla, Nagarjuna R", "Wyllie, Anne L", "Kalinich, Chaney C", "Ott, Isabel M", "Quick, Joshua", "Loman, Nicholas J", "Neugebauer, Karla M", "Greninger, Alexander L", "Jerome, Keith R", "Roychoudhury, Pavitra", "Xie, Hong", "Shrestha, Lasata", "Huang, Meei-Li", "Pitzer, Virginia E", "Iwasaki, Akiko", "Omer, Saad B", "Khan, Kamran", "Bogoch, Isaac I", "Martinello, Richard A", "Foxman, Ellen F", "Landry, Marie L", "Neher, Richard A", "Ko, Albert I", "Grubaugh, Nathan D"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386545", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States in January 2020, with subsequent COVID-19 outbreaks detected in all 50 states by early March. To uncover the sources of SARS-CoV-2 introductions and patterns of spread within the United States, we sequenced nine viral genomes from early reported COVID-19 patients in Connecticut. Our phylogenetic analysis places the majority of these genomes with viruses sequenced from Washington state. By coupling our genomic data with domestic and international travel patterns, we show that early SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Connecticut was likely driven by domestic introductions. Moreover, the risk of domestic importation to Connecticut exceeded that of international importation by mid-March regardless of our estimated effects of federal travel restrictions. This study provides evidence of widespread sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within the United States and highlights the critical need for local surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32414522, "pmcid": "PMC7211689", "title": "Weakness and elevated creatinine kinase as the initial presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Chan, Kok Hoe", "Farouji, Iyad", "Abu Hanoud, Amany", "Slim, Jihad"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414522", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a global public health emergency with more than one million positive cases across the globe. COVID-19 has a multifaceted presentation. We are herein to report two cases of SARS-CoV-2 induced rhabdomyolysis with an initial presentation of weakness and elevated creatinine kinase (CK). Both patients had no respiratory symptoms, they only complained of generalized weakness and were found to have elevated CK. Routine chest X-ray showed bilateral infiltrates in both cases and subsequently reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. To the best of our knowledge, there was only one literature to date documented SARS-CoV-2 induced rhabdomyolysis as a late complication of COVID-19 patient. Our cases showed that elevated CK and rhabdomyolysis can be the sole initial presentation of patients with COVID-19 and total CK should be ordered in every patient on admission."}, {"pmid": 32425314, "pmcid": "PMC7233249", "title": "Future for coronavirus disease 2019: India.", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Roy, Manas Pratim"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425314", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417164, "pmcid": "PMC7211708", "title": "Treatment of sleep apnea by ENT specialists during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Bastier, P-L", "Aisenberg, N", "Durand, F", "Lestang, P", "Abedipour, D", "Gallet de Santerre, O", "Couloigner, V", "Bequignon, E"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417164", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The treatment of sleep disorders has been strongly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. When the lockdown is over, resumption of usual patient care will require precautions to limit the risk of contamination for patients and caregivers. In this document, the French Association of Otorhinolaryngology and Sleep disorders (AFSORL) and the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SFORL) put forward a summary of the measures for continuing the treatment of sleep apnoea syndrome in these new practice conditions. Emphasis is placed on teleconsultation, methods of nocturnal sleep studies, the conditions for treatment by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation, and the postponement of more invasive treatments."}, {"pmid": 32221513, "title": "Facing up to the uncertainties of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["Chater, Nick"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221513", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358045, "title": "From One Technologist to Another-COVID-19 Questions Answered.", "journal": "J Nucl Med Technol", "authors": ["Beyder, Dmitry D", "Crosthwaite, Mark H", "Crowley, James", "Hay, Lyndsi M", "Jackson, Kimberly Kerrylin", "McDonald, Nancy", "Roy, Lynne T", "Peters, Tricia", "Wenzel-Lamb, Nikki"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358045", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504348, "pmcid": "PMC7272592", "title": "Conquering COVID-19: How DDS Is CoVering the Pandemic.", "journal": "Dig Dis Sci", "authors": ["Kaunitz, Jonathan D"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504348", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216640, "title": "CSC Expert Consensus on Principles of Clinical Management of Patients With Severe Emergent Cardiovascular Diseases During the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Han, Yaling", "Zeng, Hesong", "Jiang, Hong", "Yang, Yuejin", "Yuan, Zuyi", "Cheng, Xiang", "Jing, Zhicheng", "Liu, Bin", "Chen, Jiyan", "Nie, Shaoping", "Zhu, Jianhua", "Li, Fei", "Ma, Changsheng"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216640", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, the Chinese Society of Cardiology (CSC) issued this consensus statement after consulting with 125 medical experts in the fields of cardiovascular disease and infectious disease. The over-arching principles laid out here are the following: 1) Consider the prevention and control of COVID-19 transmission as the highest priority, including self-protection of medical staff; 2) Patient risk assessment of both infection and cardiovascular issues. Where appropriate, preferential use of conservative medical therapeutic approaches to minimize disease spread; 3) At all times, medical practices and interventional procedures should be conducted in accordance with the directives of the infection control department of local hospitals and local health commissions."}, {"pmid": 32363981, "title": "Moral Distress in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Nurs Res", "authors": ["Cacchione, Pamela Z"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363981", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313872, "pmcid": "PMC7164882", "title": "COVID-19 convalescent plasma transfusion.", "journal": "Hematol Transfus Cell Ther", "authors": ["Langhi, Dante Mario Junior", "Santis, Gil Cunha De", "Bordin, Jose Orlando"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313872", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534109, "title": "Involvement of Cardiovascular System As The Critical Point in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prognosis and Recovery.", "journal": "Hellenic J Cardiol", "authors": ["Lazaridis, Charalampos", "Vlachogiannis, Nikolaos I", "Bakogiannis, Constantinos", "Spyridopoulos, Ioakim", "Stamatelopoulos, Kimon", "Kanakakis, Ioannis", "Vassilikos, Vassilios", "Stellos, Konstantinos"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534109", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has already caused more than 300,000 deaths worldwide. Several studies have elucidated the central role of cardiovascular complications in the disease course. Herein, we provide a concise review of current knowledge regarding the involvement of cardiovascular system in the pathogenesis and prognosis of COVID-19. We summarize data from 21 studies involving in total more than 21,000 patients from Asia, Europe and the USA indicating that severe disease is associated with the presence of myocardial injury, heart failure and arrhythmias. Additionally, we present the clinical and laboratory differences between recovered and deceased patients highlighting the importance of cardiac manifestations. For the infected patients, underlying cardiovascular comorbidities and especially existing cardiovascular disease seem to predispose to the development of cardiovascular complications, which are in turn associated with higher mortality rates. We provide mechanistic insights into the underlying mechanisms including direct myocardial damage by the virus and the consequences of the hyperinflammatory syndrome developed later in the disease course. Finally, we summarize current knowledge on therapeutic modalities and recommendations by scientific societies and experts regarding the cardiovascular management of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32277878, "pmcid": "PMC7195331", "title": "First-wave COVID-19 transmissibility and severity in China outside Hubei after control measures, and second-wave scenario planning: a modelling impact assessment.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Leung, Kathy", "Wu, Joseph T", "Liu, Di", "Leung, Gabriel M"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277878", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 18, 2020, 13\u2008415 confirmed cases and 120 deaths related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mainland China, outside Hubei province-the epicentre of the outbreak-had been reported. Since late January, massive public health interventions have been implemented nationwide to contain the outbreak. We provide an impact assessment of the transmissibility and severity of COVID-19 during the first wave in mainland Chinese locations outside Hubei. We estimated the instantaneous reproduction number (Rt) of COVID-19 in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Wenzhou, and the ten Chinese provinces that had the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases; and the confirmed case-fatality risk (cCFR) in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Wenzhou, and all 31 Chinese provinces. We used a susceptible-infectious-recovered model to show the potential effects of relaxing containment measures after the first wave of infection, in anticipation of a possible second wave. In all selected cities and provinces, the Rt decreased substantially since Jan 23, when control measures were implemented, and have since remained below 1. The cCFR outside Hubei was 0\u00b798% (95% CI 0\u00b782-1\u00b716), which was almost five times lower than that in Hubei (5\u00b791%, 5\u00b773-6\u00b709). Relaxing the interventions (resulting in Rt >1) when the epidemic size was still small would increase the cumulative case count exponentially as a function of relaxation duration, even if aggressive interventions could subsequently push disease prevalence back to the baseline level. The first wave of COVID-19 outside of Hubei has abated because of aggressive non-pharmaceutical interventions. However, given the substantial risk of viral reintroduction, particularly from overseas importation, close monitoring of Rt and cCFR is needed to inform strategies against a potential second wave to achieve an optimal balance between health and economic protection. Health and Medical Research Fund, Hong Kong, China."}, {"pmid": 32293024, "pmcid": "PMC7262305", "title": "Geroscience and the Coronavirus Pandemic: The Whack-a-Mole Approach is not Enough.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Sierra, Felipe"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293024", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419699, "pmcid": "PMC7224645", "title": "The COVID trolley dilemma.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Shao, Connie"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419699", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356032, "pmcid": "PMC7191543", "title": "COVID-19 and Antiretroviral Therapies: South Africa's Charge Towards 90-90-90 in the Midst of a Second Pandemic.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Mendelsohn, Andrea S", "Ritchwood, Tiarney"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356032", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237148, "title": "Differences between COVID-19 and suspected then confirmed SARS-CoV-2-negative pneumonia: a retrospective study from a single center.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Xinyi", "Yang, Yi", "Huang, Min", "Liu, Lili", "Zhang, Xianxiang", "Xu, Jing", "Geng, Shaoqing", "Han, Bo", "Xiao, Jiangfeng", "Wan, Yanyun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237148", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019. Tens thousands of people have been infected with the disease. Our aim was to distinguish severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive patients from SARS-CoV-2-negative patients. We retrospectively compared the data of COVID-19 patients with those of suspected and confirmed SARS-CoV-2-negative patients (control patients). There were 78 COVID-19 patients and 26 control patients, whose median ages were significantly different (P\u2009=\u2009.001). The percentage of COVID-19 patients admitting exposure to Wuhan was obviously higher than that of control patients (X2 \u2009=\u200929.130; P\u2009<\u2009.001). Fever and cough appeared more frequently in COVID-19 patients than in the control patients. The routine blood workup parameters of COVID-19 patients did not change much and their mean counts were in the normal range. There were 38.5% of control patients had higher procalcitonin (PCT) levels than 0.5\u2009ng/mL, which was significantly higher than that percentage of COVID-19 patients (X2 \u2009=\u200922.636; P\u2009<\u2009.05), and COVID-19 patients were also more likely to have decreased or normal urea and creatinine levels than control patients (X2 \u2009=\u200924.930, 8.480; P\u2009<\u2009.05).Younger age, exposure to Wuhan, fever, cough, and slight changes in routine blood workup parameters, urea and creatinine were important features discriminating COVID-19 from control patients. Slightly increased, but far less than 0.5\u2009ng/mL, PCT levels also differentiated COVID-19 patients from control patients."}, {"pmid": 32268713, "title": "[Investigation on demands for antenatal care services among 2 002 pregnant women during the epidemic of COVID-19 in Shanghai].", "journal": "Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Du, L", "Gu, Y B", "Cui, M Q", "Li, W X", "Wang, J", "Zhu, L P", "Xu, B"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268713", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To identify problems and demands for antenatal care (ANC) among pregnant women in different trimesters of pregnancy in Shanghai for optimizing ANC service during the epidemic of COVID-19. Method: s Organized by maternal and child health care institute in the 16 districts of Shanghai, a cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who came to pregnancy registration in the community health centers or attended ANC in midwifery hospitals from February 7 to February 12, 2020. Consented participating women completed a semi-structured online questionnaire voluntarily. Data was analyzed using frequency,chi-square test and scoring. Result: s A total of 2 002 valid questionnaires were collected from 183 community health centers and 67 midwifery hospitals. About 94.6%(1 894/2 002) of the pregnant women worried about being infected during the COVID-19 epidemic, and 14.7% (294/2 002) demanded for psychological consultation. Time-lapse appointments for ANC were requested by 87.7% (1 756/2 002) of the participants for avoiding presenting themselves in people-density places. Compared with other pregnancy trimesters, pregnant women in the second trimester were more willing to reduce the frequency of ANC (35.2% versus 39.5% versus 48.1%, P<0.01). Compared with multiparas, primiparas were more willing to have online consultation and guidance (49.2% versus 63.8%, P<0.01). Regarding the needs for health knowledge on COVID-19, personal protection against 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was the most concerned for pregnant women, and 71.0% (1 421/2 002) of them preferred to obtain knowledge through health applications, official Weibo and WeChat. Conclusions: Pregnant women in Shanghai critically concern about the risk of 2019-nCoV infections, and highly demand knowledge and measures on prevention and protection from COVID-19. They ask for having time-lapse appointments for ANC and online access to health information and services. Maternal and child care institutes should understand the demands of pregnant women, optimize the means of ANC service, and provide tailored and accessible health education and service for the safety of mother and child."}, {"pmid": 32520362, "title": "What Are the Newest Effects of COVID-19 in Children?", "journal": "Pediatr Ann", "authors": ["Hageman, Joseph R"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520362", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298480, "pmcid": "PMC7262142", "title": "Management of infantile hemangiomas during the COVID pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Frieden, Ilona J", "Puttgen, Katherine B", "Drolet, Beth A", "Garzon, Maria C", "Chamlin, Sarah L", "Pope, Elena", "Mancini, Anthony J", "Lauren, Christine T", "Mathes, Erin F", "Siegel, Dawn H", "Gupta, Deepti", "Haggstrom, Anita N", "Tollefson, Megha M", "Baselga, Eulalia", "Morel, Kimberly D", "Shah, Sonal D", "Holland, Kristen E", "Adams, Denise M", "Horii, Kimberly A", "Newell, Brandon D", "Powell, Julie", "McCuaig, Catherine C", "Nopper, Amy J", "Metry, Denise W", "Maguiness, Sheilagh"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298480", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant shifts in patient care including a steep decline in ambulatory visits and a marked increase in the use of telemedicine. Infantile hemangiomas (IH) can require urgent evaluation and risk stratification to determine which infants need treatment and which can be managed with continued observation. For those requiring treatment, prompt initiation decreases morbidity and improves long-term outcomes. The Hemangioma Investigator Group has created consensus recommendations for management of IH via telemedicine. FDA/EMA-approved monitoring guidelines, clinical practice guidelines, and relevant, up-to-date publications regarding initiation and monitoring of beta-blocker therapy were used to inform the recommendations. Clinical decision-making guidelines about when telehealth is an appropriate alternative to in-office visits, including medication initiation, dosage changes, and ongoing evaluation, are included. The importance of communication with caregivers in the context of telemedicine is discussed, and online resources for both hemangioma education and propranolol therapy are provided."}, {"pmid": 32393161, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 14 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEST 3 May 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393161", "countries": ["Australia", "United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 03 May 2020: notifications = 6,784; deaths = 89. The reduction in international travel and domestic movement, social distancing measures and public health action have likely slowed the spread of COVID-19 in Australia. Currently new notifications in Australia are mostly considered to be locally-acquired with some cases still reported among people with recent overseas travel. Most locally-acquired cases can be linked back to a confirmed case or known cluster, with a small portion unable to be epidemiologically linked to another case. The ratio of overseas-acquired cases to locally-acquired cases varies by jurisdiction. The crude case fatality rate (CFR) in Australia remains low (1.3%) compared to the World Health Organization's globally-reported rate (7.1%) and to other comparable high-income countries such as the United States of America (5.7%) and the United Kingdom (15.4%). The lower CFR in Australia is likely reflective of high case ascertainment including detection of mild cases. Internationally, cases continue to increase. The rates of increase have started to slow in several regions, although it is too soon to tell whether this trend will be sustained."}, {"pmid": 32422545, "pmcid": "PMC7227498", "title": "Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections: A systematic review.", "journal": "Clin Neurol Neurosurg", "authors": ["Montalvan, V", "Lee, J", "Bueso, T", "De Toledo, J", "Rivas, K"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422545", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasing research reports neurological manifestations of COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 shares homology with other human coronaviruses that have also had nervous system involvement. To review the neurological aspects of SARS-cov2 and other coronavirus, including transmission pathways, mechanisms of invasion into the nervous system, and mechanisms of neurological disease. We conducted a systematic review of articles in PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE data bases. Reviewed evidence is presented in sections of this manuscript which includes pathogenesis, neuro-invasion, encephalitis, Guillain-Barr\u00e9, ADEM, multiple sclerosis, polyneuropathy, and cerebrovascular disease. A total 67 studies were included in the final analysis of experimental studies, case reports, series of cases, cohort studies, and systematic reviews related to neurological manifestations of SARS- CoV-2 and other human coronavirus infections. The SARS-CoV-2 receptor is expressed in the nervous system. Common reported symptoms included hyposmia, headaches, weakness, altered consciousness. Encephalitis, demyelination, neuropathy, and stroke have been associated with COVID-19. Infection through the cribriform plate and olfactory bulb and dissemination through trans-synaptic transfer are some of the mechanisms proposed. Invasion of the medullary cardiorespiratory center by SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to the refractory respiratory failure observed in critically-ill COVID-19 patients. An increasing number of reports of COVID-19 patients with neurological disorders add to emergent experimental models with neuro-invasion as a reasonable concern that SARS-CoV-2 is a new neuropathogen. How it may cause acute and chronic neurologic disorders needs to be clarified in future research."}, {"pmid": 32139620, "title": "Pet dog confirmed to have coronavirus.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32139620", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32173241, "pmcid": "PMC7128959", "title": "Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lai, Chih-Cheng", "Liu, Yen Hung", "Wang, Cheng-Yi", "Wang, Ya-Hui", "Hsueh, Shun-Chung", "Yen, Muh-Yen", "Ko, Wen-Chien", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173241", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (formerly known as the 2019 novel coronavirus [2019-nCoV]) in Wuhan, China in December 2019, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), more than 75,000 cases have been reported in 32 countries/regions, resulting in more than 2000 deaths worldwide. Despite the fact that most COVID-19 cases and mortalities were reported in China, the WHO has declared this outbreak as the sixth public health emergency of international concern. The COVID-19 can present as an asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia. Adults represent the population with the highest infection rate; however, neonates, children, and elderly patients can also be infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, nosocomial infection of hospitalized patients and healthcare workers, and viral transmission from asymptomatic carriers are possible. The most common finding on chest imaging among patients with pneumonia was ground-glass opacity with bilateral involvement. Severe cases are more likely to be older patients with underlying comorbidities compared to mild cases. Indeed, age and disease severity may be correlated with the outcomes of COVID-19. To date, effective treatment is lacking; however, clinical trials investigating the efficacy of several agents, including remdesivir and chloroquine, are underway in China. Currently, effective infection control intervention is the only way to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32531125, "title": "Comment on \"ACE inhibitors and COVID-19: We don't know yet\".", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Ilcol, Tevfik Bulent", "Cure, Erkan", "Cumhur Cure, Medine"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531125", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363593, "title": "The fate of major dermatology conferences and meetings of 2020: are e-conferences and digital learning the future?", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Bhargava, S", "Farabi, B", "Rathod, D", "Singh, A K"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363593", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444295, "pmcid": "PMC7211592", "title": "Atypical presentation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444295", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232651, "pmcid": "PMC7104420", "title": "Facing the COVID-19 emergency: we can and we do.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Giovagnoni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232651", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265204, "title": "The doctors navigating covid-19 with no internet.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Changoiwala, Puja"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265204", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404797, "title": "Diagnostic Performance of Chest X-Ray for COVID-19 Pneumonia During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Schiaffino, Simone", "Tritella, Stefania", "Cozzi, Andrea", "Carriero, Serena", "Blandi, Lorenzo", "Ferraris, Laurenzia", "Sardanelli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404797", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chest x-ray (CXR) can play a role in diagnosing patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but only few small-scale studies are available. We assessed the diagnostic performance of CXR in consecutive patients presenting at the emergency room at the Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy from February 24 to April 8, 2020 for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results of CXR were classified as positive or negative according to the original prospective radiologic reports. To overcome the limitations of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) swab, especially oscillating sensitivity, we added the information obtained from phone calls to discharged patients with negative initial RT-PCR. Thus, we included 535 patients with concomitant CXR and RT-PCR on admission (aged 65\u00b117 y; 340 males, 195 females), resulting in 408 RT-PCR positive and 127 negative patients at the composite reference standard. Original CXR reports showed an 89.0% sensitivity (95% confidence intervals [CI], 85.5%-91.8%), 60.6% specificity (95% CI, 51.6%-69.2%), 87.9% positive predictive value (95% CI, 84.4%-90.9%), and 63.1% negative predictive value (95% CI, 53.9%-71.7%). The adoption of CXR alongside RT-PCR to triage patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection could foster a safe and efficient workflow, counteracting possible false negative RT-PCR results."}, {"pmid": 32495331, "title": "[Exploring the Stress, Psychological Distress, and Stress-relief Strategies of Taiwan Nursing Staffs Facing the Global Outbreak of COVID-19].", "journal": "Hu Li Za Zhi", "authors": ["Feng, Ming-Chu", "Wu, Hsiang-Chun", "Lin, Hui-Tzu", "Lei, Lei", "Chao, Chia-Ling", "Lu, Chun-Mei", "Yang, Wan-Ping"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495331", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began in December 2019. The high levels of stress experienced by nurses during this pandemic may have immediate and long-term effects on their mental health. To explore the stress and psychological problems of nurses during this pandemic and to identify strategies used by these nurses to relieve stress. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted that included a basic information datasheet, stress of nursing staff during COVID-19 outbreak scale, psychological distress scale, and stress relief methods survey form. Convenience sampling was used and a total of 469 practicing nurses participated in this study. Most of the participants expressed concerns about living problems (72.7%). On the stress questionnaire, the facets of \"burden of taking care of patients\" and \"worries about social isolation\" earned the first and second highest scores, respectively. In terms of items, \"worrying about infecting family members and friends\" and \"worrying about being separated from family after being infected\" earned the two highest scores (2.35 \u00b1 0.79 and 2.17 \u00b1 0.92, respectively). Scores for psychological distress averaged 5.49 \u00b1 3.83, with stress anxiety (1.32 \u00b1 0.84) earning the highest mean subscale score followed by distress and irritability (1.17 \u00b1 0.92) and depression (1.12 \u00b1 0.94). Nearly two-thirds (61.8%) of the participants earned psychological and emotional distress scores within the 'normal' range, and 3.4% earned scores indicating severe distress. \"Receiving education and training\" was the most common method used by the participants to relieve stress (2.27 \u00b1 0.51). The following six strategies are proposed based on the above findings: (1) Caring: provide psychological assessment and care; (2) Supporting: create a friendly team atmosphere and provide support; (3) Inquiring: recruit volunteers with relevant experience; (4) Informing: provide timely, open, and transparent epidemic-prevention information; (5) Equipping: provide complete and appropriate epidemic-prevention education and training; (6) Assisting: establish a strategy for family support and caring to reduce the stress and worries of nurses."}, {"pmid": 32492560, "title": "Is the anti-filarial drug diethylcarbamazine useful to treat COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Abeygunasekera, Anuruddha", "Jayasinghe, Saroj"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492560", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in a devastating pandemic of COVID-19. Exploring compounds that could offer a breakthrough in treatment is the need of the hour. Re-positioning cheap, freely available and safe drugs is a priority. The paper proposes evidence for the potential use of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) in the treatment of COVID-19. DEC has inhibitory effects on arachidonic acid metabolism to prostaglandins, little known anti-viral effects on animal retroviruses and demonstrated anti-inflammatory actions in animal models of lung inflammation indicating the need to explore this hypothesis further. We believe this is the first time DEC is being proposed to treat COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32125355, "title": "Priorities for the US Health Community Responding to COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Adalja, Amesh A", "Toner, Eric", "Inglesby, Thomas V"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125355", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503958, "title": "Surgical practice recommendations for minimal access surgeons during COVID 19 pandemic - Indian inter-society directives.", "journal": "J Minim Access Surg", "authors": ["Srivastava, Amit", "Nasta, Amrit Manik", "Pathania, Bhupinder Singh", "Sundaram, Easwaramoorthy", "Jani, Kalpesh V", "Manickavasagam, Kanagavel", "Asuri, Krishna", "Lal, Pawanindra", "Goel, Ramen G", "Chaudhari, Tamonas", "Bansal, Virinder Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503958", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "These are inter-society guidelines for performance of laparoscopic surgery during COVID-19 pandemic that has affected the way of surgical practice. The safety of healthcare workers and patients is being challenged. It is prudent that our surgical practice should adapt to this rapidly changing health environment. The guidance issued is based on global practices and national governmental directives. The Inter-Society Group urges you to be updated with the developing situation and evolving changes."}, {"pmid": 32289478, "pmcid": "PMC7151298", "title": "Statins in coronavirus outbreak: It's time for experimental and clinical studies.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Bifulco, Maurizio", "Gazzerro, Patrizia"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289478", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522870, "title": "Rationing social contact during the COVID-19 pandemic: Transmission risk and social benefits of US locations.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Benzell, Seth G", "Collis, Avinash", "Nicolaides, Christos"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522870", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some types of public spaces have been shut down while others remain open. These decisions constitute a judgment about the relative danger and benefits of those locations. Using mobility data from a large sample of smartphones, nationally representative consumer preference surveys, and economic statistics, we measure the relative transmission reduction benefit and social cost of closing 26 categories of US locations. Our categories include types of shops, entertainments, and service providers. We rank categories by their trade-off of social benefits and transmission risk via dominance across 13 dimensions of risk and importance and through composite indexes. We find that, from February to March 2020, there were larger declines in visits to locations that our measures indicate should be closed first."}, {"pmid": 32452722, "title": "Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery Protocol From the Frontlines: Transnasal Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Spock, Todd", "Kessler, Remi", "Lerner, David", "Filip, Peter", "Del Signore, Anthony", "Colley, Patrick", "Morgenstern, Peter", "Schaberg, Madeleine", "Bederson, Joshua", "Govindaraj, Satish", "Iloreta, Alfred Marc", "Shrivastava, Raj"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452722", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted the standard management paradigms for care of patients with sinus and skull base presentations due to concern for patient and health care provider safety, given the high aerosol-generating potential of endonasal procedures. We reviewed the relevant literature complied from available sources, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and otolaryngology journals providing electronic manuscripts ahead of indexing or publication. Incorporating available evidence and the projected infection control and resource limitations at our institution, we collectively authored a dynamic set of protocols guiding (1) case stratification, (2) preoperative assessment, (3) operative setup, and (4) postoperative care of patients with sinus or skull base presentations. Due to the rapidly evolving nature of COVID-19 publications, lack of rigorous data, and urgent necessity of standardized protocols, strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were not employed. As scarce hospital resources are diverted to COVID-19 care and staff are redeployed to forward-facing roles, endonasal procedures have largely ceased, leaving patients with ongoing sinonasal and skull base complaints untreated. Skull base teams now weigh the urgency of surgery in this population with the regional availability of resources. The COVID-19 pandemic will have an enduring and unpredictable impact on hospital operations and surgical skull base practices and will require a dynamic set of management protocols responsive to new evidence and changing resources. In the current resource-limited environment, clinicians may utilize these protocols to assist with stratifying patients by acuity, performing preoperative assessment, and guiding peri- and postoperative care."}, {"pmid": 32325026, "pmcid": "PMC7172722", "title": "Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Varga, Zsuzsanna", "Flammer, Andreas J", "Steiger, Peter", "Haberecker, Martina", "Andermatt, Rea", "Zinkernagel, Annelies S", "Mehra, Mandeep R", "Schuepbach, Reto A", "Ruschitzka, Frank", "Moch, Holger"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325026", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32104884, "pmcid": "PMC7107523", "title": "Nepal's first case of COVID-19 and public health response.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Shrestha, Ranish", "Shrestha, Sunil", "Khanal, Pratik", "Kc, Bhuvan"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32104884", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391370, "pmcid": "PMC7193980", "title": "The Role of Hydroxychloroquine in Coronavirus Disease 2019. A Versatile Tool at the Service of Humanity.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Tzouvelekis, Argyris", "Karampitsakos, Theodoros", "Bouros, Demosthenes"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391370", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32107910, "title": "[Analysis on epidemic situation and spatiotemporal changes of COVID-19 in Anhui].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, M", "Xu, H L", "Yuan, M", "Liu, Z R", "Wu, X Y", "Zhang, Y", "Ma, L Y", "Gong, L", "Gan, H", "Zong, W W", "Tao, S M", "Liu, Q", "Du, Y N", "Tao, F B"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32107910", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We used the epidemic data of COVID-19 published on the official website of the municipal health commission in Anhui province. We mapped the spatiotemporal changes of confirmed cases, fitted the epidemic situation by the population growth curve at different stages and took statistical description and analysis of the epidemic situation in Anhui province. It was found that the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was 156/100 000 by February 18, 2020 and the trend of COVID-19 epidemic declined after February 7, changing from J curve to S curve. The actual number of new cases began to decrease from February 2 to February 4 due to the time of case report and actual onset delayed by 3 to 5 days."}, {"pmid": 32412708, "title": "Compassionate Use of Remdesivir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Wu, Jiayuan", "Wu, Bin", "Lai, Tianwen"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412708", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221059, "pmcid": "PMC7172973", "title": "Reflections on Nursing Ingenuity During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurosci Nurs", "authors": ["Newby, Jamison C", "Mabry, Madison C", "Carlisle, Byron A", "Olson, DaiWai M", "Lane, Blair E"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221059", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This reflections article provides insight toward nursing innovations to reduce the overuse of personal protective equipment while maintaining a safe environment for staff taking care of COVID-19 patients. The secondary aim of this paper to capitalize on recent advances in mass electronic communication through social media to encourage nurses across the globe to share their knowledge and expertise during this pandemic.The many innovations that have been implemented fall into 3 categories of: reducing unnecessary use of personal protective equipment (PPE), promoting staff safety and readiness, and reducing foot traffic. These strategies are being shared to promote dissemination of innovative nursing interventions that will save lives during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32360327, "pmcid": "PMC7252084", "title": "Potential repurposing of Favipiravir in COVID-19 outbreak based on current evidence.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Khambholja, Kapil", "Asudani, Deepak"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360327", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414947, "title": "Guidance and best practices for nuclear cardiology laboratories during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC and SNMMI.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Skali, Hicham", "Murthy, Venkatesh L", "Al-Mallah, Mouaz H", "Bateman, Tim M", "Beanlands, Rob", "Better, Nathan", "Calnon, Dennis A", "Dilsizian, Vasken", "Gimelli, Alessia", "Pagnanelli, Robert", "Polk, Donna M", "Soman, Prem", "Thompson, Randall C", "Einstein, Andrew J", "Dorbala, Sharmila"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414947", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413378, "pmcid": "PMC7217097", "title": "Health status of patients with autoimmune liver disease during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in northern Italy.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Di Giorgio, Angelo", "Nicastro, Emanuele", "Speziani, Camilla", "De Giorgio, Massimo", "Pasulo, Luisa", "Magro, Bianca", "Fagiuoli, Stefano", "D' Antiga, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413378", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238344, "title": "Covid-19: UK deaths are higher than previously reported, new data suggest.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238344", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420925, "title": "Implications of SARSr-CoV 2 infection in thalassemias: Do patients fall into the \"high clinical risk\" category?", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Karimi, Mehran", "De Sanctis, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420925", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We're all flying blind regarding coronavirus, but it's fair to think if thalassemic patients are particularly vulnerable to SARS-COV-2\u00a0 infection or are at potential higher risk of complications from COVID-19 than normal population, specially when they become older. The frustrating thing is that, right now,\u00a0 this virus is still new. It only came to the attention of the World Health Organization at the end of December. Very few cases in thalassemia have so far been reported; is this due to lack of testing or a true lack of infection/susceptibility? However, we believe that more data should be collected to better characterise the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with thalassemias. Therefore, a multicenter registry and the collection of comprehensive data from both positive COVID-19 thalassemia major and non-transfusion dependent thalassemia are necessary to clarify debated issues. In the meantime an early and vigilant monitoring along with high quality supportive care are needed in thalassemic patients at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32307653, "pmcid": "PMC7167302", "title": "CD147 as a Target for COVID-19 Treatment: Suggested Effects of Azithromycin and Stem Cell Engagement.", "journal": "Stem Cell Rev Rep", "authors": ["Ulrich, Henning", "Pillat, Micheli M"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307653", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The expressive number of deaths and confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 call for an urgent demand of effective and available drugs for COVID-19 treatment. CD147, a receptor on host cells, is a novel route for SARS-CoV-2 invasion. Thus, drugs that interfere in the spike protein/CD147 interaction or CD147 expression may inhibit viral invasion and dissemination among other cells, including in progenitor/stem cells. Studies suggest beneficial effects of azithromycin in reducing viral load of hospitalized patients, possibly interfering with ligand/CD147 receptor interactions; however, its possible effects on SARS-CoV-2 invasion has not yet been evaluated. In addition to the possible effect in invasion, azithromycin decreases the expression of some metalloproteinases (downstream to CD147), induces anti-viral responses in primary human bronchial epithelial infected with rhinovirus, decreasing viral replication and release. Moreover, resident lung progenitor/stem are extensively differentiated into myofibroblasts during pulmonary fibrosis, a complication observed in COVID-19 patients. This process, and the possible direct viral invasion of progenitor/stem cells via CD147 or ACE2, could result in the decline of these cellular stocks and failing lung repair. Clinical tests with allogeneic MSCs from healthy individuals are underway to enhance endogenous lung repair and suppress inflammation."}, {"pmid": 32313885, "pmcid": "PMC7164888", "title": "COVID-19 Clinical Trials: A Primer for the Cardiovascular and Cardio-Oncology Communities.", "journal": "JACC CardioOncol", "authors": ["Ky, Bonnie", "Mann, Douglas L"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313885", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a proliferation of clinical trials that are designed to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The overwhelming majority of cardiovascular and cancer patients are at increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection; accordingly, the cardiovascular and cardio-oncology communities are playing a major role in caring for COVID-19 patients. Many of the therapeutic agents that are being used to treat patients with COVID-19 are repurposed treatments for influenza, drugs that were not effective in Ebola patients, or treatments for malaria that were developed decades ago, and are unlikely to be familiar to the cardiovascular and cardio-oncology communities. Here we have provided a foundation for cardiovascular and cardio-oncology physicians who are on the frontline providing care to COVID-19 patients, so that they can better understand the emerging cardiovascular epidemiology of COVID-19, as well as the biological rationale for the clinical trials that are ongoing for the treatment of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32066526, "pmcid": "PMC7133586", "title": "Full spectrum of COVID-19 severity still being depicted - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Gu, Xiaoying", "Cao, Bin", "Wang, Jianwei"], "date": "2020-02-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32066526", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520235, "title": "Short-term forecasting of daily COVID-19 cases in Brazil by using the Holt's model.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Martinez, Edson Zangiacomi", "Aragon, Davi Casale", "Nunes, Altacilio Aparecido"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520235", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We evaluated the performance of the Holt's model to forecast the daily COVID-19 reported cases in Brazil and three Brazilian states. We chose the date of the first COVID-19 case to April 25, 2020, as the training period, and April 26 to May 3, 2020, as the test period. The Holt's model performed well in forecasting the cases in Brazil and in S\u00e3o Paulo and Minas Gerais states, but the forecasts were underestimated in Rio de Janeiro state. The Holt's model can be an adequate short-term forecasting method if their assumptions are adequately verified and validated by experts."}, {"pmid": 32105633, "pmcid": "PMC7128208", "title": "Staff safety during emergency airway management for COVID-19 in Hong Kong.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Cheung, Jonathan Chun-Hei", "Ho, Lap Tin", "Cheng, Justin Vincent", "Cham, Esther Yin Kwan", "Lam, Koon Ngai"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105633", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395794, "title": "Legal foundations of the fight against COVID- 19.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Horchani, Ferhat"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395794", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427341, "title": "COVID-19 Worries and Behavior Changes in Older and Younger Men and Women.", "journal": "J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci", "authors": ["Barber, Sarah J", "Kim, Hyunji"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427341", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The case fatality rate of COVID-19 is higher amongst older adults than younger adults and is also higher amongst men than women. However, worry, which is a key motivator of behavioral health changes, occurs less frequently for older than younger adults, and less frequently for men than women. Building on this, we tested whether older adults - and particularly older men -- would report the least amount of COVID-19 worry and also fewer COVID-19 behavior changes. From March 23-31, 2020, we administered an online questionnaire assessing COVID-19 perceptions, worries, and behavior changes. Participants were a convenience sample of United States residents, who were community-dwelling younger adults (18-35) or older adults (65 to 81). Analyses included 146 younger adults (68 men, 78 women) and 156 older adults (82 men, 74 women). Participants was predominately White, living in suburban/urban areas, and had completed some college. During the early phase of the outbreak in the United States, older adults perceived the risks of COVID-19 to be higher than did younger adults. Despite this, older men were comparatively less worried about COVID-19 than their younger counterparts. Compared to the other participants, older men had also implemented the fewest behavior changes. Interventions are needed to increase COVID-19 behavior changes in older men. These results also highlight the importance of understanding emotional-responses to COVID-19, as these are predictive of their behavioral responses."}, {"pmid": 32436948, "title": "Subacute Thyroiditis After Sars-COV-2 Infection.", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Brancatella, Alessandro", "Ricci, Debora", "Viola, Nicola", "Sgro, Daniele", "Santini, Ferruccio", "Latrofa, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436948", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a thyroid disease of viral or postviral origin. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that began in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly worldwide and Italy has been severely affected by this outbreak. The objective of this work is to report the first case of SAT related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We describe the clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of an 18-year-old woman who came to our attention for fever, neck pain radiated to the jaw, and palpitations occurring 15 days after a SARS-CoV-2-positive oropharyngeal swab. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had been mild and the patient had completely recovered in a few days. At physical examination the patient presented with a slightly increased heart rate and a painful and enlarged thyroid on palpation. At laboratory exams free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine were high, thyrotropin undetectable, and inflammatory markers and white blood cell count elevated. Bilateral and diffuse hypoechoic areas were detected at neck ultrasound. One month earlier, thyroid function and imaging both were normal. We diagnosed SAT and the patient started prednisone. Neck pain and fever recovered within 2 days and the remaining symptoms within 1 week. Thyroid function and inflammatory markers normalized in 40 days. We report the first case of SAT after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. We alert clinicians to additional and unreported clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32303493, "title": "Keep older healthcare workers off the covid-19 front line.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Ashcroft, John"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303493", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348740, "pmcid": "PMC7164872", "title": "Italian Radiology's Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Laghi, Andrea", "Grassi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348740", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232976, "title": "CD-sACE2 inclusion compounds: An effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sun, Pengfei", "Lu, Xiaosheng", "Xu, Chao", "Wang, Yanjin", "Sun, Wenjuan", "Xi, Jianing"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232976", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are common human viruses and include the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the SARS-CoV-2. Coronaviruses mainly bind to transmembrane receptor proteins on the human cell membrane through spike proteins (S-proteins), thus releasing the RNA of the virus into the interior of the host cell to cause an infection. In this article, we discuss the mechanism and production of cyclodextrin-soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (CD-sACE2) inclusion compounds in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections by blocking S-proteins. On the basis of the current research evidence, we believe that CD-sACE2 inclusion compounds have the potential to treat COVID-19. We hope that our article can provide a theoretical basis for later experiments."}, {"pmid": 32287051, "pmcid": "PMC7258765", "title": "Coinfection of Influenza Virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2).", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Wu, Di", "Lu, Jianyun", "Ma, Xiaowei", "Liu, Qun", "Wang, Dedong", "Gu, Yuzhou", "Li, Yongguang", "He, Weiyun"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287051", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370758, "pmcid": "PMC7200052", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase as target for antiviral therapy.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Buonaguro, Luigi", "Tagliamonte, Maria", "Tornesello, Maria Lina", "Buonaguro, Franco M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370758", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new human coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 was identified in several cases of acute respiratory syndrome in Wuhan, China in December 2019. On March 11 2020, WHO declared the SARS-CoV-2 infection to be a pandemic, based on the involvement of 169 nations. Specific drugs for SARS-CoV-2 are obviously not available. Currently, drugs originally developed for other viruses or parasites are currently in clinical trials based on empiric data. In the quest of an effective antiviral drug, the most specific target for an RNA virus is the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) which shows significant differences between positive-sense and negative-sense RNA viruses. An accurate evaluation of RdRps from different viruses may guide the development of new drugs or the repositioning of already approved antiviral drugs as treatment of SARS-CoV-2. This can accelerate the containment of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and, hopefully, of future pandemics due to other emerging zoonotic RNA viruses."}, {"pmid": 32529952, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 nsp13, nsp14, nsp15 and orf6 function as potent interferon antagonists.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Yuen, Chun-Kit", "Lam, Joy-Yan", "Wong, Wan-Man", "Mak, Long-Fung", "Wang, Xiaohui", "Chu, Hin", "Cai, Jian-Piao", "Jin, Dong-Yan", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung", "Kok, Kin-Hang"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529952", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, is now causing a tremendous global health concern. Since its first appearance in December 2019, the outbreak has already caused over 5.8 million infections worldwide (till 29 May 2020), with more than 0.35 million deaths. Early virus-mediated immune suppression is believed to be one of the unique characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and contributes at least partially to the viral pathogenesis. In this study, we identified the key viral interferon antagonists of SARS-CoV-2 and compared them with two well-characterized SARS-CoV interferon antagonists, PLpro and orf6. Here we demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 nsp13, nsp14, nsp15 and orf6, but not the unique orf8, could potently suppress primary interferon production and interferon signaling. Although SARS-CoV PLpro has been well-characterized for its potent interferon-antagonizing, deubiquitinase and protease activities, SARS-CoV-2 PLpro, despite sharing high amino acid sequence similarity with SARS-CoV, loses both interferon-antagonising and deubiquitinase activities. Among the 27 viral proteins, SARS-CoV-2 orf6 demonstrated the strongest suppression on both primary interferon production and interferon signaling. Orf6-deleted SARS-CoV-2 may be considered for the development of intranasal live-but-attenuated vaccine against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32355329, "pmcid": "PMC7192054", "title": "SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in patients and healthy donors.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Pia, Luisanna"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355329", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296594, "pmcid": "PMC7156212", "title": "A systematic approach is needed to contain COVID-19 globally.", "journal": "Sci Bull (Beijing)", "authors": ["Zhao, Wenwu", "Zhang, Junze", "Meadows, Michael E", "Liu, Yanxu", "Hua, Ting", "Fu, Bojie"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296594", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220656, "pmcid": "PMC7270848", "title": "Viral screening before initiation of biologics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Zingone, Fabiana", "Savarino, Edoardo Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220656", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253351, "title": "Ethics in the time of COVID: What remains the same and what is different.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Kim, Scott Y H", "Grady, Christine"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253351", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475832, "title": "Response to: 'Patients with lupus with COVID-19: University of Michigan experience' by Wallace et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Mathian, Alexis", "Amoura, Zahir"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475832", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523872, "pmcid": "PMC7265835", "title": "Can COVID 19 present like appendicitis?", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Abdalhadi, Ahmed", "Alkhatib, Mohammed", "Mismar, Ahmad Y", "Awouda, Waleed", "Albarqouni, Loai"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523872", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease -19 is a novel pandemic contagious respiratory infection that frequently presents with fever and dry cough. However, it can present with other rare symptoms. As this disease is a new disease, the full picture of the disease presentation is not yet clear, and it might present with symptoms and signs of other common diseases. Here, we report a 40 year old female who presented with acute onset nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and vague abdominal pain as a clinical picture of appendicitis, but her CT abdomen image showed normal appendix, bilateral patchy peripheral lung basal consolidation, and ground-glass attenuation, so she was tested for coronavirus disease-19, which was positive."}, {"pmid": 32147731, "pmcid": "PMC7108147", "title": "Diagnosis and Management of First Case of COVID-19 in Canada: Lessons applied from SARS.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Marchand-Senecal, Xavier", "Kozak, Rob", "Mubareka, Samira", "Salt, Natasha", "Gubbay, Jonathan B", "Eshaghi, Alireza", "Allen, Vanessa", "Li, Yan", "Bastien, Natalie", "Gilmour, Matthew", "Ozaldin, Omar", "Leis, Jerome A"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147731", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report diagnosis and management of the first laboratory-confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalized in Toronto, Canada. No healthcare-associated transmission occurred. In the face of a potential pandemic of COVID-19, we suggest sustainable and scalable control measures developed based on lessons learned from SARS."}, {"pmid": 32369285, "title": "A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Carmona-Bayonas, Alberto", "Jimenez-Fonseca, Paula", "Castanon, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369285", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410196, "pmcid": "PMC7224128", "title": "Elective, Non-urgent Procedures and Aesthetic Surgery in the Wake of SARS-COVID-19: Considerations Regarding Safety, Feasibility and Impact on Clinical Management.", "journal": "Aesthetic Plast Surg", "authors": ["Kaye, K", "Paprottka, F", "Escudero, R", "Casabona, G", "Montes, J", "Fakin, R", "Moke, L", "Stasch, T", "Richter, D", "Benito-Ruiz, J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410196", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide spread of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to a near total stop of non-urgent, elective surgeries across all specialties in most affected countries. In the field of aesthetic surgery, the self-imposed moratorium for all aesthetic surgery procedures recommended by most international scientific societies has been adopted by many surgeons worldwide and resulted in a huge socioeconomic impact for most private practices and clinics. An important question still unanswered in most countries is when and how should elective/aesthetic procedures be scheduled again and what kind of organizational changes are necessary to protect patients and healthcare workers when clinics and practices reopen. Defining manageable, evidence-based protocols for testing, surgical/procedural risk mitigation and clinical flow management/contamination management will be paramount for the safety of non-urgent surgical procedures. We conducted a MEDLINE/PubMed research for all available publications on COVID-19 and surgery and COVID-19 and anesthesia. Articles and referenced literature describing possible procedural impact factors leading to exacerbation of the clinical evolution of COVID-19-positive patients were identified to perform risk stratification for elective surgery. Based on these impact factors, considerations for patient selection, choice of procedural complexity, duration of procedure, type of anesthesia, etc., are discussed in this article and translated into algorithms for surgical/anesthesia risk management and clinical management. Current recommendations and published protocols on contamination control, avoidance of cross-contamination and procedural patient flow are reviewed. A COVID-19 testing guideline protocol for patients planning to undergo elective aesthetic surgery is presented and recommendations are made regarding adaptation of current patient information/informed consent forms and patient health questionnaires. The COVID-19 crisis has led to unprecedented challenges in the acute management of the crisis, and the wave only recently seems to flatten out in some countries. The adaptation of surgical and procedural steps for a risk-minimizing management of potential COVID-19-positive patients seeking to undergo elective aesthetic procedures in the wake of that wave will present the next big challenge for the aesthetic surgery community. We propose a clinical algorithm to enhance patient safety in elective surgery in the context of COVID-19 and to minimize cross-contamination between healthcare workers and patients. New evidence-based guidelines regarding surgical risk stratification, testing, and clinical flow management/contamination management are proposed. We believe that only the continuous development and broad implementation of guidelines like the ones proposed in this paper will allow an early reintegration of all aesthetic procedures into the scope of surgical care currently performed and to prepare the elective surgical specialties better for a possible second wave of the pandemic. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266."}, {"pmid": 32403912, "title": "Get your obstetric inpatient and outpatient units ready for COVID-19.", "journal": "Minerva Ginecol", "authors": ["Saccone, Gabriele"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403912", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420720, "title": "Caring for Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a PICU: Recommendations by Dual Trained Intensivists.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Remy, Kenneth E", "Verhoef, Philip A", "Malone, Jay R", "Ruppe, Michael D", "Kaselitz, Timothy B", "Lodeserto, Frank", "Hirshberg, Eliotte L", "Slonim, Anthony", "Dezfulian, Cameron"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420720", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, which causes coronavirus disease 2019, there is a recognized need to expand critical care services and beds beyond the traditional boundaries. There is considerable concern that widespread infection will result in a surge of critically ill patients that will overwhelm our present adult ICU capacity. In this setting, one proposal to add \"surge capacity\" has been the use of PICU beds and physicians to care for these critically ill adults. Narrative review/perspective. Not applicable. Not applicable. None. The virus's high infectivity and prolonged asymptomatic shedding have resulted in an exponential growth in the number of cases in the United States within the past weeks with many (up to 6%) developing acute respiratory distress syndrome mandating critical care services. Coronavirus disease 2019 critical illness appears to be primarily occurring in adults. Although pediatric intensivists are well versed in the care of acute respiratory distress syndrome from viral pneumonia, the care of differing aged adult populations presents some unique challenges. In this statement, a team of adult and pediatric-trained critical care physicians provides guidance on common \"adult\" issues that may be encountered in the care of these patients and how they can best be managed in a PICU. This concise scientific statement includes references to the most recent and relevant guidelines and clinical trials that shape management decisions. The intention is to assist PICUs and intensivists in rapidly preparing for care of adult coronavirus disease 2019 patients should the need arise."}, {"pmid": 32282863, "pmcid": "PMC7104082", "title": "Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pharm Anal", "authors": ["Li, Xiaowei", "Geng, Manman", "Peng, Yizhao", "Meng, Liesu", "Lu, Shemin"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282863", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a kind of viral pneumonia which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has been marked as the third introduction of a highly pathogenic coronavirus into the human population after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in the twenty-first century. In this minireview, we provide a brief introduction of the general features of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss current knowledge of molecular immune pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 on the base of the present understanding of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections, which may be helpful in offering novel insights and potential therapeutic targets for combating the SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32394872, "pmcid": "PMC7270482", "title": "Tackling the Burden of Neurological Diseases in Canada with Virtual Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Appireddy, Ramana", "Jalini, Shirin", "Shukla, Garima", "Boisse Lomax, Lysa"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394872", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488360, "pmcid": "PMC7266423", "title": "Androgenic hormones and the excess male mortality observed in COVID-19 patients: new convergent data.", "journal": "World J Urol", "authors": ["Lamy, Pierre-Jean", "Rebillard, Xavier", "Vacherot, Francis", "de la Taille, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488360", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527297, "pmcid": "PMC7288251", "title": "Severe Covid-19 disease: rather AVDS than ARDS?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Mahjoub, Yazine", "Rodenstein, Daniel Oscar", "Jounieaux, Vincent"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527297", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372802, "pmcid": "PMC7194623", "title": "How do we leave lockdown?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Lawton, Graham"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372802", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With more than a third of the world living under covid-19 restrictions, it is time to decide what happens next, reports Graham Lawton."}, {"pmid": 32281587, "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Med J Malaysia", "authors": ["Rampal, L", "Liew, B S"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281587", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No abstract provided."}, {"pmid": 32534472, "title": "Teledermatology for acne during COVID-19: high patients' satisfaction in spite of the emergency.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Ruggiero, Angelo", "Megna, Matteo", "Annunziata, Maria Carmela", "Abategiovanni, Luisa", "Scalvenzi, Massimiliano", "Tajani, Andrea", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Villani, Alessia"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534472", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting the 9.4% of global population. Although it usually occurs in adolescents aged from 15 to 24 years old, it is not uncommon to develop in adults either. Boys are more frequently affected, particularly with severe forms of the disease.An adequate and continuous treatment of the disease is required in order to reduce acne lesions, prevent permanent scarring and limit the duration of the disorder."}, {"pmid": 32450712, "pmcid": "PMC7251623", "title": "A Statistical Modeling of the Course of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: A Comparative Analysis.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Ankarali, Handan", "Ankaralli, Seyit", "Caskurlu, Hulya", "Cag, Yasemin", "Arslan, Ferhat", "Erdem, Hakan", "Vahaboglu, Haluk"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450712", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Turkey", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to provide both a model by using cumulative cases and cumulative death toll for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) outbreak in 4 countries, China, Italy, South Korea, and Turkey, starting from the first diagnosis and to compare associated indicators. The most successful estimation was obtained from the cubic model with natural logarithm for China, Italy, South Korea, and Turkey. The success of the models was around 99%. However, differences began to emerge in China, Italy, and South Korea after the second week. Although the highest number of new cases per 1 million people in China was 9.8 on February 28, 2020; it was 108.4 on March 21, 2020, in Italy; and this was 16.6 on March 5, 2020, in South Korea. On the other hand, the number of new cases was 24.6 per 1 million people on March 27, 2020, in Turkey. The log-cubic model proposed in this study has been set forth to obtain successful results for aforementioned countries, as well as to estimate the course of the COVID-19 outbreak. Other factors such as climacteric factors and genetic differences, which may have an impact on viral spreading and transmission, would also have strengthened the model prediction capacity."}, {"pmid": 32205119, "pmcid": "PMC7102615", "title": "One size does not fit all - Patterns of vulnerability and resilience in the COVID-19 pandemic and why heterogeneity of disease matters.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Sominsky, Luba", "Walker, David W", "Spencer, Sarah J"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352933, "pmcid": "PMC7259521", "title": "Characteristics and diagnosis rate of 5630 subjects receiving SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JCI Insight", "authors": ["Shen, Na", "Zhu, Yaowu", "Wang, Xiong", "Peng, Jing", "Liu, Weiyong", "Wang, Feng", "Lu, Yanjun", "Cheng, Liming", "Sun, Ziyong"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352933", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUNDThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a novel viral pneumonia (COVID-19), which is rapidly spreading throughout the world. The positive result of nucleic acid test is a golden criterion to confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the detection features remain unclear.METHODSWe performed a retrospective analysis in 5630 high-risk individuals receiving SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests in Wuhan, China, and investigated their characteristics and diagnosis rates.RESULTSThe overall diagnosis rate was 34.7% (1952/5630). Male (P = 0.025) and older populations (P = 2.525 \u00d7 10-39) were at significantly higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. People were generally susceptible, and most cases concentrated in people of 30-79 years. Furthermore, we investigated the association between diagnosis rate and the amount of testing in 501 subjects. Results revealed a 1.27-fold improvement (from 27.9% to 35.5%) of diagnosis rate from testing once to twice (P = 5.847 \u00d7 10-9) and a 1.43-fold improvement (from 27.9% to 39.9%) from testing once to 3 times (P = 7.797 \u00d7 10-14). More than 3 testing administrations was not helpful for further improvement. However, this improvement was not observed in subjects with pneumonia (P = 0.097).CONCLUSIONAll populations are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and male and older-aged populations are at significantly higher risk. Increasing the amount of testing could significantly improve diagnosis rates, except for subjects with pneumonia. It is recommended to test twice in those high-risk individuals whose results are negative the first time, and performing 3 tests is better, if possible.FUNDINGThis work was supported by National Mega Project on Major Infectious Disease Prevention (no. 2017ZX10103005-007) and National Key Research and Development Program of China (no. 2018YFE0204500)."}, {"pmid": 32433015, "title": "Delayed Laboratory Response to COVID-19 Caused by Molecular Diagnostic Contamination.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mogling, Ramona", "Meijer, Adam", "Berginc, Natasa", "Bruisten, Sylvia", "Charrel, Remi", "Coutard, Bruno", "Eckerle, Isabella", "Enouf, Vincent", "Hungnes, Olav", "Korukluoglu, Gulay", "Kossyvakis, Thanos", "Mentis, Andreas", "Molenkamp, Richard", "Muradrasoli, Shaman", "Papa, Anna", "Pigny, Fiona", "Thirion, Laurence", "van der Werf, Sylvie", "Reusken, Chantal"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433015", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) created an exceptional situation in which numerous laboratories in Europe simultaneously implemented SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. These laboratories reported in February 2020 that commercial primer and probe batches for SARS-CoV-2 detection were contaminated with synthetic control material, causing delays of regional testing roll-out in various countries."}, {"pmid": 32402389, "pmcid": "PMC7174159", "title": "Maculopapular rash as initial manifestation of SRAS-coronavirus-2 infection.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Falkenhain Lopez, Daniel", "Sanchez-Velazquez, Alba", "Ortiz de Frutos, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402389", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476175, "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorder risk and symptoms.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Rodgers, Rachel F", "Lombardo, Caterina", "Cerolini, Silvia", "Franko, Debra L", "Omori, Mika", "Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew", "Linardon, Jake", "Courtet, Philippe", "Guillaume, Sebastien"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476175", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has created a global context likely to increase eating disorder (ED) risk and symptoms, decrease factors that protect against EDs, and exacerbate barriers to care. Three pathways exist by which this pandemic may exacerbate ED risk. One, the disruptions to daily routines and constraints to outdoor activities may increase weight and shape concerns, and negatively impact eating, exercise, and sleeping patterns, which may in turn increase ED risk and symptoms. Relatedly, the pandemic and accompanying social restrictions may deprive individuals of social support and adaptive coping strategies, thereby potentially elevating ED risk and symptoms by removing protective factors. Two, increased exposure to ED-specific or anxiety-provoking media, as well as increased reliance on video conferencing, may increase ED risk and symptoms. Three, fears of contagion may increase ED symptoms specifically related to health concerns, or by the pursuit of restrictive diets focused on increasing immunity. In addition, elevated rates of stress and negative affect due to the pandemic and social isolation may also contribute to increasing risk. Evaluating and assessing these factors are key to better understanding the impact of the pandemic on ED risk and recovery and to inform resource dissemination and targets."}, {"pmid": 32531323, "pmcid": "PMC7282746", "title": "East meets West in COVID-19 therapeutics.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Wang, Shanshan", "Zeng, Xian", "Wang, Yali", "Zhao, Yufen", "Chen, Weiping", "Chen, Yu Zong"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531323", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343497, "pmcid": "PMC7224608", "title": "Reduced Rate of Hospital Admissions for ACS during Covid-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["De Filippo, Ovidio", "D'Ascenzo, Fabrizio", "Angelini, Filippo", "Bocchino, Pier Paolo", "Conrotto, Federico", "Saglietto, Andrea", "Secco, Gioel Gabrio", "Campo, Gianluca", "Gallone, Guglielmo", "Verardi, Roberto", "Gaido, Luca", "Iannaccone, Mario", "Galvani, Marcello", "Ugo, Fabrizio", "Barbero, Umberto", "Infantino, Vincenzo", "Olivotti, Luca", "Mennuni, Marco", "Gili, Sebastiano", "Infusino, Fabio", "Vercellino, Matteo", "Zucchetti, Ottavio", "Casella, Gianni", "Giammaria, Massimo", "Boccuzzi, Giacomo", "Tolomeo, Paolo", "Doronzo, Baldassarre", "Senatore, Gaetano", "Grosso Marra, Walter", "Rognoni, Andrea", "Trabattoni, Daniela", "Franchin, Luca", "Borin, Andrea", "Bruno, Francesco", "Galluzzo, Alessandro", "Gambino, Alfonso", "Nicolino, Annamaria", "Truffa Giachet, Alessandra", "Sardella, Gennaro", "Fedele, Francesco", "Monticone, Silvia", "Montefusco, Antonio", "Omede, Pierluigi", "Pennone, Mauro", "Patti, Giuseppe", "Mancone, Massimo", "De Ferrari, Gaetano M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343497", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239587, "pmcid": "PMC7228325", "title": "Comment on \"COVID-19 and psoriasis: Is it time to limit treatment with immunosuppressants? A call for action\".", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Abdelmaksoud, Ayman", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Vestita, Michelangelo"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239587", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381594, "pmcid": "PMC7228560", "title": "Call for ensuring cancer care continuity during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Tagliamento, Marco", "Lambertini, Matteo", "Genova, Carlo", "Barisione, Emanuela", "De Maria, Andrea", "Grosso, Marco", "Poggio, Francesca", "Vagge, Stefano", "Boccardo, Francesco", "Pronzato, Paolo", "Del Mastro, Lucia"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381594", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522407, "title": "[How do children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience lockdown during the COVID-19 outbreak?]", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Bobo, E", "Lin, L", "Acquaviva, E", "Caci, H", "Franc, N", "Gamon, L", "Picot, M-C", "Pupier, F", "Speranza, M", "Falissard, B", "Purper-Ouakil, D"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522407", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, the French government has decided a general lockdown. This unprecedented situation has raised concerns about children's and adolescent's mental health. Children and adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may find this context of restrained activity particularly tricky. The objectives of our study are to gather information about the well-being and global life conditions of children and adolescents with ADHD during the COVID-19 outbreak in France. We designed a survey including both open-ended questions and questionnaire items for parents of children and adolescents with ADHD. Parents responded to the following open-ended questions: 1) \"How is your child doing since the lockdown?\" 2) \"How is life at home since the lockdown?\" 3) \"If you had a remote service provision with a mental health professional (e.g. by telephone or video technology), please share your thoughts and any suggestions with us\" 4) \"Please share any other items that you think are important about ADHD symptoms of your child and the lockdown situation\". This survey was posted on social media on the 6th of April and disseminated by French ADHD-parent and patient organizations. The present article reports the descriptive, qualitative and textometrical analyses of the survey. Between day 20 and 30 of lockdown, 538 parents responded to the survey, and we included 533 responses in the final analysis. The vast majority of responders were women 95\u00a0% (95\u00a0% CI 93,50; 97,18) with children whose mean age was 10,5 (95\u00a0% CI 7.58; 13.44). Since the lockdown, 34.71\u00a0% (95\u00a0% CI 30.70; 38.94) of children experienced a worsening in well-being, 34.33\u00a0% (95\u00a0% CI 30.34; 38.56) showed no significant changes and 30.96\u00a0% (95\u00a0% CI 27.09; 35.10) were doing better according to their parents. The thematic analysis showed that an improvement of their children's anxiety was one of the main topics addressed by parents. This improvement related to less school-related strain and flexible schedules that respected their children's rhythm. Improved self-esteem was another topic that parents linked with a lesser exposure of their children to negative feed-back. Parents repeatedly reported both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. However, optimal lockdown life conditions seemed to compensate for the impact of ADHD symptoms (e.g. sufficient space at home, presence of a garden). Some parents reported worsening of general well-being in their children, and this manifested as oppositional/defiant attitudes and emotional outbursts. Parents also cited sleep problems and anxiety in this context. As regards everyday life during lock-down, at-home schooling was another major topic-parents described that their children struggled to complete school-related tasks and that teachers seemed to have forgotten about academic accommodations. The lockdown situation seems to have raised parents' awareness of the role of inattention and ADHD symptoms in their children's learning difficulties. Due to potential selection biases, the results of our survey may not be generalizable to all children and adolescents with ADHD. The main strengths of this rapid survey-based study lies in the reactivity of the participants and the quality and diversity of their responses to the open-ended questions. According to their parents, most children and adolescents with ADHD experience stability or improvement of their well-being. An improvement in school-related anxiety and the flexible adjustment to the children's' rhythms as well as parents' increased awareness of the difficulties their children experience are among the key topics in parents' descriptions."}, {"pmid": 32292530, "pmcid": "PMC7118615", "title": "[Respiratory diseases, allergy and COVID-19 infection. First news from Wuhan].", "journal": "Rev Fr Allergol (2009)", "authors": ["Kanny, G"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292530", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496536, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Human Challenge Trials: Too Risky, Too Soon.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dawson, Liza", "Earl, Jake", "Livezey, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496536", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454489, "title": "JAK Inhibition with Methotrexate as Treatment for COVID-19 Is a Double-Edged Sword.", "journal": "Int Arch Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Khan, Sujoy", "Durairaj, Senthil"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454489", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332072, "title": "Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a series of 17 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus under long-term treatment with hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Mathian, Alexis", "Mahevas, Matthieu", "Rohmer, Julien", "Roumier, Mathilde", "Cohen-Aubart, Fleur", "Amador-Borrero, Blanca", "Barrelet, Audrey", "Chauvet, Cecile", "Chazal, Thibaud", "Delahousse, Michel", "Devaux, Mathilde", "Euvrard, Romain", "Fadlallah, Jehane", "Florens, Nans", "Haroche, Julien", "Hie, Miguel", "Juillard, Laurent", "Lhote, Raphael", "Maillet, Thibault", "Richard-Colmant, Gaelle", "Palluy, Jean Baptiste", "Pha, Micheline", "Perard, Laurent", "Remy, Philippe", "Riviere, Etienne", "Sene, Damien", "Seve, Pascal", "Morelot-Panzini, Capucine", "Viallard, Jean-Francois", "Virot, Jean-Simon", "Benameur, Neila", "Zahr, Noel", "Yssel, Hans", "Godeau, Bertrand", "Amoura, Zahir"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332072", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345850, "pmcid": "PMC7202126", "title": "Collateral damage of the COVID-19 outbreak: expression of concern.", "journal": "Eur J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Feral-Pierssens, Anne-Laure", "Claret, Pierre-Geraud", "Chouihed, Tahar"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345850", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408222, "pmcid": "PMC7198437", "title": "Deep learning-based multi-view fusion model for screening 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia: A multicentre study.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Wu, Xiangjun", "Hui, Hui", "Niu, Meng", "Li, Liang", "Wang, Li", "He, Bingxi", "Yang, Xin", "Li, Li", "Li, Hongjun", "Tian, Jie", "Zha, Yunfei"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408222", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To develop a deep learning-based method to assist radiologists to fast and accurately identify patients with COVID-19 by CT images. We retrospectively collected chest CT images of 495 patients from three hospitals in China. 495 datasets were randomly divided into 395 cases (80%, 294 of COVID-19, 101 of other pneumonia) of the training set, 50 cases (10%, 37 of COVID-19, 13 of other pneumonia) of the validation set and 50 cases (10%, 37 of COVID-19, 13 of other pneumonia) of the testing set. We trained a multi-view fusion model using deep learning network to screen patients with COVID-19 using CT images with the maximum lung regions in axial, coronal and sagittal views. The performance of the proposed model was evaluated by both the validation and testing sets. The multi-view deep learning fusion model achieved the area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.732, accuracy of 0.700, sensitivity of 0.730 and specificity of 0.615 in validation set. In the testing set, we can achieve AUC, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 0.819, 0.760, 0.811 and 0.615 respectively. Based on deep learning method, the proposed diagnosis model trained on multi-view images of chest CT images showed great potential to improve the efficacy of diagnosis and mitigate the heavy workload of radiologists for the initial screening of COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32494929, "pmcid": "PMC7268592", "title": "COVID-19: 10 things I wished I'd known some months ago.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Pickkers, Peter", "van der Hoeven, Hans", "Citerio, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494929", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32049600, "pmcid": "PMC7233360", "title": "Use of Chest CT in Combination with Negative RT-PCR Assay for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus but High Clinical Suspicion.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Huang, Peikai", "Liu, Tianzhu", "Huang, Lesheng", "Liu, Hailong", "Lei, Ming", "Xu, Wangdong", "Hu, Xiaolu", "Chen, Jun", "Liu, Bo"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32049600", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474037, "pmcid": "PMC7255707", "title": "Improved sensitivity using a dual target, E and RdRp assay for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Experience at a large NHS Foundation Trust in the UK.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Colton, Hayley", "Ankcorn, Michael", "Yavuz, Mehmet", "Tovey, Leeanne", "Cope, Alison", "Raza, Mohammad", "Keeley, Alexander J", "State, Amy", "Poller, Bozena", "Parker, Matthew", "de Silva, Thushan I", "Evans, Cariad"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474037", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251688, "pmcid": "PMC7129532", "title": "China empowers Internet hospital to fight against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Sun, Shuangyi", "Yu, Keting", "Xie, Zhen", "Pan, Xiaoting"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251688", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484958, "title": "Clearance and Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Carmo, Analia", "Pereira-Vaz, Joao", "Mota, Vanda", "Mendes, Alexandra", "Morais, Celia", "da Silva, Andreia Coelho", "Camilo, Elisabete", "Pinto, Catarina Silva", "Cunha, Elizabete", "Pereira, Janet", "Coucelo, Margarida", "Martinho, Patricia", "Correia, Lurdes", "Marques, Gilberto", "Araujo, Lucilia", "Rodrigues, Fernando"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484958", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 patients may be discharged based on clinical resolution of symptoms, and evidence for viral RNA clearance from the upper respiratory tract. Understanding the SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance profile is crucial to establish a re-testing plan on discharge and ending isolation of patients. We aimed to evaluate the number of days that a patient needed to achieve undetectable levels of SARS-CoV-2 in upper respiratory tract specimens (nasopharyngeal swab and/or an oropharyngeal swab). The clearance and persistence of viral RNA was evaluated in two groups of positive patients: those who achieved two negative RT-PCR tests and those who kept testing positive. Patients were organized thereafter in two subgroups, mild illness patients discharged home and inpatients who had moderate to severe illness. Results from RT-PCR tests were then correlated with results from the evaluation of the immune response. The study evidenced that most patients tested positive for more than two weeks and that persistence of viral RNA is not necessarily associated with severe disease but may result from a weaker immune response instead. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32179137, "pmcid": "PMC7270890", "title": "Estimation of the asymptomatic ratio of novel coronavirus infections (COVID-19).", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nishiura, Hiroshi", "Kobayashi, Tetsuro", "Miyama, Takeshi", "Suzuki, Ayako", "Jung, Sung-Mok", "Hayashi, Katsuma", "Kinoshita, Ryo", "Yang, Yichi", "Yuan, Baoyin", "Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R", "Linton, Natalie M"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179137", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496284, "title": "How Are Orthopaedic Surgery Residencies Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic? An Assessment of Resident Experiences in Cities of Major Virus Outbreak.", "journal": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "authors": ["An, Tonya W", "Henry, Jensen K", "Igboechi, Oduche", "Wang, Pengcheng", "Yerrapragada, Aditya", "Lin, Carol A", "Paiement, Guy D"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496284", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to COVID-19, American medical centers have enacted elective case restrictions, markedly affecting the training of orthopaedic residents. Residencies must develop new strategies to provide patient care while ensuring the health and continued education of trainees. We aimed to describe the evolving impact of COVID-19 on orthopaedic surgery residents. We surveyed five Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited orthopaedic residency programs within cities highly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic about clinical and curricular changes. An online questionnaire surveyed individual resident experiences related to COVID-19. One hundred twenty-one resident survey responses were collected. Sixty-five percent of the respondents have cared for a COVID-19-positive patient. One in three reported being unable to obtain institutionally recommended personal protective equipment during routine clinical work. All programs have discontinued elective orthopaedic cases and restructured resident rotations. Most have shifted schedules to periods of active clinical duty followed by periods of remote work and self-isolation. Didactic education has continued via videoconferencing. COVID-19 has caused unprecedented changes to orthopaedic training; however, residents remain on the front lines of inpatient care. Exposures to COVID-19 are prevalent and residents have fallen ill. Programs currently use a variety of strategies to provide essential orthopaedic care. We recommend continued prioritization of resident safety and necessary training accommodations."}, {"pmid": 32349382, "title": "An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for Remote Health Monitoring Using Impulse Radio UWB Transceiver.", "journal": "Sensors (Basel)", "authors": ["Khan, Faheem", "Ghaffar, Asim", "Khan, Naeem", "Cho, Sung Ho"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349382", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Non-invasive remote health monitoring plays a vital role in epidemiological situations such as SARS outbreak (2003), MERS (2015) and the recently ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 because it is extremely risky to get close to the patient due to the spread of contagious infections. Non-invasive monitoring is also extremely necessary in situations where it is difficult to use complicated wired connections, such as ECG monitoring for infants, burn victims or during rescue missions when people are buried during building collapses/earthquakes. Due to the unique characteristics such as higher penetration capabilities, extremely precise ranging, low power requirement, low cost, simple hardware and robustness to multipath interferences, Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) technology is appropriate for non-invasive medical applications. IR-UWB sensors detect the macro as well as micro movement inside the human body due to its fine range resolution. The two vital signs, i.e., respiration rate and heart rate, can be measured by IR-UWB radar by measuring the change in the magnitude of signal due to displacement caused by human lungs, heart during respiration and heart beating. This paper reviews recent advances in IR- UWB radar sensor design for healthcare, such as vital signs measurements of a stationary human, vitals of a non-stationary human, vital signs of people in a vehicle, through the wall vitals measurement, neonate's health monitoring, fall detection, sleep monitoring and medical imaging. Although we have covered many topics related to health monitoring using IR-UWB, this paper is mainly focused on signal processing techniques for measurement of vital signs, i.e., respiration and heart rate monitoring."}, {"pmid": 32348041, "title": "[Emergency Medical Services: COVID-19 crisis].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Maudet, Ludovic", "Sarasin, Francois", "Dami, Fabrice", "Carron, Pierre-Nicolas", "Pasquier, Mathieu"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348041", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic required rapid and frequent adaptations from the prehospital emergency medical services (EMS). The exposure of EMS providers is significant, particularly during procedures at risk of aerosolization such as advanced airways management or cardiopulmonary resuscitation. EMS personal need to be equipped with appropriate personal protective equipment and trained in its use. Interhospital transfers from COVID-19 patients are complex and involve mainly intubated patients. The possible shortage of resources may motivate the implementation of dedicated pre-hospital triage and orientation recommendations, which should be consistent with the hospital processes."}, {"pmid": 32369202, "pmcid": "PMC7267454", "title": "Pooling of nasopharyngeal swab specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-PCR.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Torres, Ignacio", "Albert, Eliseo", "Navarro, David"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369202", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330302, "pmcid": "PMC7264732", "title": "Comment on \"Organ-protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its effect on the prognosis of COVID-19\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Hu, Shuaishuai"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330302", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335177, "pmcid": "PMC7179502", "title": "The economics of infection prevention: why it is crucial to invest in hand hygiene and nurses during the novel coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Peters, Alexandra", "Lotfinejad, Nasim", "Simniceanu, Alice", "Pittet, Didier"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335177", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32194247, "pmcid": "PMC7118681", "title": "Exuberant Plasmocytosis in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Specimen of the First Patient Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for SARS-CoV-2 in Europe.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Giani, Marco", "Seminati, Davide", "Lucchini, Alberto", "Foti, Giuseppe", "Pagni, Fabio"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194247", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432996, "pmcid": "PMC7258764", "title": "SARS2-CoV-2 and Stroke in a New York Healthcare System.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Yaghi, Shadi", "Ishida, Koto", "Torres, Jose", "Mac Grory, Brian", "Raz, Eytan", "Humbert, Kelley", "Henninger, Nils", "Trivedi, Tushar", "Lillemoe, Kaitlyn", "Alam, Shazia", "Sanger, Matthew", "Kim, Sun", "Scher, Erica", "Dehkharghani, Seena", "Wachs, Michael", "Tanweer, Omar", "Volpicelli, Frank", "Bosworth, Brian", "Lord, Aaron", "Frontera, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432996", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the current worldwide pandemic, there is mounting evidence that patients affected by the illness may develop clinically significant coagulopathy with thromboembolic complications including ischemic stroke. However, there is limited data on the clinical characteristics, stroke mechanism, and outcomes of patients who have a stroke and COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with ischemic stroke who were hospitalized between March 15, 2020, and April 19, 2020, within a major health system in New York, the current global epicenter of the pandemic. We compared the clinical characteristics of stroke patients with a concurrent diagnosis of COVID-19 to stroke patients without COVID-19 (contemporary controls). In addition, we compared patients to a historical cohort of patients with ischemic stroke discharged from our hospital system between March 15, 2019, and April 15, 2019 (historical controls). During the study period in 2020, out of 3556 hospitalized patients with diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, 32 patients (0.9%) had imaging proven ischemic stroke. Cryptogenic stroke was more common in patients with COVID-19 (65.6%) as compared to contemporary controls (30.4%, P=0.003) and historical controls (25.0%, P<0.001). When compared with contemporary controls, COVID-19 positive patients had higher admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and higher peak D-dimer levels. When compared with historical controls, COVID-19 positive patients were more likely to be younger men with elevated troponin, higher admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Patients with COVID-19 and stroke had significantly higher mortality than historical and contemporary controls. We observed a low rate of imaging-confirmed ischemic stroke in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Most strokes were cryptogenic, possibly related to an acquired hypercoagulability, and mortality was increased. Studies are needed to determine the utility of therapeutic anticoagulation for stroke and other thrombotic event prevention in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32324092, "title": "Letter to the Editor: Use of Dental Radiography in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Dent Res", "authors": ["Dave, M", "Coulthard, P", "Patel, N", "Seoudi, N", "Horner, K"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324092", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358228, "title": "The Imperative of Early Treatment for Children with COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Elenga, Narcisse"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358228", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487856, "title": "Cost-Effective Filtrating Suction to Evacuate Surgical Smoke in Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech", "authors": ["Ouzzane, Adil", "Colin, Pierre"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487856", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The wide and fast spread of COVID-19 around the world has led to a dramatic increase in the need for protection products both for carers and for populations. Surgical team protection includes a systematic screening of patients, wearing protection devices by all the operating staff, and adequate management of aerosols. The risk of aerosol dispersal is particularly high during laparoscopic and robotic surgeries due to the interaction between circulating CO2 and surgical smoke that may contain small viral particles. To decrease the risk of virus transmission, many recommendations have been implemented including the use of integrated insufflation devices comprising smoke evacuation and filtration mode. Such devices are lacking in many centers around the world and to overcome this urgent unmet need, we designed a cost-effective filtrating suction as a more readily available alternative."}, {"pmid": 32298981, "pmcid": "PMC7195120", "title": "Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practical considerations.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Gupta, Ritesh", "Ghosh, Amerta", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298981", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "High prevalence of diabetes makes it an important comorbidity in patients with COVID-19. We sought to review and analyze the data regarding the association between diabetes and COVID-19, pathophysiology of the disease in diabetes and management of patients with diabetes who develop COVID-19 infection. PubMed database and Google Scholar were searched using the key terms 'COVID-19', 'SARS-CoV-2', 'diabetes', 'antidiabetic therapy' up to April 2, 2020. Full texts of the retrieved articles were accessed. There is evidence of increased incidence and severity of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes. COVID-19 could have effect on the pathophysiology of diabetes. Blood glucose control is important not only for patients who are infected with COVID-19, but also for those without the disease. Innovations like telemedicine are useful to treat patients with diabetes in today's times."}, {"pmid": 32073353, "pmcid": "PMC7233365", "title": "Sensitivity of Chest CT for COVID-19: Comparison to RT-PCR.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Fang, Yicheng", "Zhang, Huangqi", "Xie, Jicheng", "Lin, Minjie", "Ying, Lingjun", "Pang, Peipei", "Ji, Wenbin"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32073353", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425307, "pmcid": "PMC7232064", "title": "Mesenchymal Stem Cells -Bridge Catalyst Between Innte And Adaptive Immunity In Covid 19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Rao Us, Vishal", "Thakur, Shalini", "Rao, Jyothsna", "Arakeri, Gururaj", "Brennan, Peter A", "Jadhav, Sachin", "Suhail Sayeed, Mufti", "Rao, Gururaj"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425307", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Majority of patients infected with the COVID 19 virus display a mild to moderate course of disease and spontaneously recover at 14 - 20 days,. However, about 15 % of patients progress to severe stages and 2.5% of these patients succumb to this illness. Most patients with severe disease belong to the elderly age group (< 65 years of age) and have multiple associated co-morbidities. The immune responses induced by the COVID 19 virus, during the incubation and non-severe stages, requires the early initiation of a specific adaptive immune response to eliminate the virus and prevent the progress to severe stages. In patients with a dysfunctional bridge adaptive immunity, the innate immune response becomes exaggerated due to the lack of feedback from the adaptive immune cells. The resultant cytokine storm is responsible for the severe lung injury leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome seen in COVID 19 patients. Mesenchymal stem cells are known to suppress overactive immune responses as well as bring about tissue regeneration and repair. This immuno-modulatory effect of MSCs could hold potential to manage a patient with severe symptoms of COVID 19 infection due to a dysfunctional adaptive immune system."}, {"pmid": 32380215, "pmcid": "PMC7198135", "title": "Reply to \"Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients\": Discussing specificity.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Ortega-Quijano, Daniel", "Jimenez-Cauhe, Juan", "Burgos-Blasco, Patricia", "Jimenez-Gomez, Natalia", "Fernandez-Nieto, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380215", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241584, "pmcid": "PMC7270795", "title": "Do we correctly comply with prevention protocols in ophthalmology? About the latest coronavirus epidemic.", "journal": "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol", "authors": ["Garcia Lorente, M", "Zamorano Martin, F", "Soler-Ferrandez, F", "Rocha de Lossada, C"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241584", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317225, "pmcid": "PMC7166031", "title": "A sporadic COVID-19 pneumonia treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in Tokyo, Japan: A case report.", "journal": "J Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Nakamura, Kazuha", "Hikone, Mayu", "Shimizu, Hiroshi", "Kuwahara, Yusuke", "Tanabe, Maki", "Kobayashi, Mioko", "Ishida, Takuto", "Sugiyama, Kazuhiro", "Washino, Takuya", "Sakamoto, Naoya", "Hamabe, Yuichi"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317225", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) has become a global threat. While clinical reports from China to date demonstrate that the majority of cases remain relatively mild and recover with supportive care, it is also crucial to be well prepared for severe cases warranting intensive care. Initiating appropriate infection control measures may not always be achievable in primary care or in acute-care settings. A 45-year-old man was admitted to the intensive care unit due to severe pneumonia, later confirmed as COVID-19. His initial evaluation in the resuscitation room and treatments in the intensive care unit was performed under droplet and contact precaution with additional airborne protection using the N95 respirator mask. He was successfully treated in the intensive care unit with mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory support; and antiretroviral treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir. His total intensive care unit stay was 15 days and was discharged on hospital day\u00a024. Strict infection control precautions are not always an easy task, especially under urgent care in an intensive care unit. However, severe cases of COVID-19 pneumonia, or another novel infectious disease, could present at any moment and would be a continuing challenge to pursue appropriate measures. We need to be well prepared to secure healthcare workers from exposure to infectious diseases and nosocomial spread, as well as to provide necessary intensive care."}, {"pmid": 32380024, "pmcid": "PMC7198186", "title": "A 5-point strategy for improved connection with relatives of critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Azoulay, Elie", "Kentish-Barnes, Nancy"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380024", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437770, "pmcid": "PMC7211728", "title": "COVID-19: Clinical course and outcomes of 36 maintenance hemodialysis patients from a single center in Spain.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Goicoechea, Marian", "Sanchez Camara, Luis Alberto", "Macias, Nicolas", "Munoz de Morales, Alejandra", "Gonzalez Rojas, Angela", "Bascunana, Arturo", "Arroyo, David", "Vega, Almudena", "Abad, Soraya", "Verde, Eduardo", "Garcia Prieto, Ana Maria", "Verdalles, Ursula", "Barbieri, Diego", "Felipe Delgado, Andres", "Carbayo, Javier", "Mijaylova, Antonia", "Perez de Jose, Ana", "Melero, Rosa", "Tejedor, Alberto", "Rodriguez Benitez, Patrocinio", "de Jose, Ana Perez", "Rodriguez Ferrero, Maria Luisa", "Anaya, Fernando", "Rengel, Manuel", "Barraca, Daniel", "Luno, Jose", "Aragoncillo, Ines"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437770", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2-pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Unfortunately, there is lack of evidence about the optimal management of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), even less in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) therapy than in the general population. In this retrospective observational single-center study we analyzed the clinical course and outcomes of all MHD patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from March 12th to April 10th, 2020 as confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction. Baseline features, clinical course, laboratory data, and different therapies were compared between survivors and non-survivors to identify risk factors associated with mortality. Among the 36 patients, 11 (30.5%) died and 7 could be discharged within the observation period. Clinical and radiological evolution during the first week of admission were predictive of mortality. Among the 36 patients, 18 had worsening of their clinical status, as defined by severe hypoxia with oxygen therapy requirements greater than 4 Liters/minute and radiological worsening. Significantly 11 out of those 18 patients (61.1%) died. None of the classical cardiovascular risk factors in the general population were associated with higher mortality. However, a longer time on hemodialysis (hazard ratio 1.008(95% confidence interval 1.001-1.015) per year), increased LDH levels (1.006(1.001-1.011), and lower lymphocyte count (0.996 (0.992-1.000) one week after clinical onset were all significantly associated with higher mortality risk. Thus, the mortality among hospitalized hemodialysis patients diagnosed with COVID-19 is high. Lymphopenia and increased LDH levels were associated with poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32362542, "pmcid": "PMC7194988", "title": "Preventing Contamination During Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Jain, Ankit"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362542", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404859, "title": "The Global Spine Community and COVID-19: Divided or United?", "journal": "Spine (Phila Pa 1976)", "authors": ["Louie, Philip K", "Harada, Garrett K", "McCarthy, Michael H", "Albert, Todd J", "An, Howard S", "Samartzis, Dino"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404859", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468998, "title": "Factors Associated with Resilience Among Medical Staff in Radiology Departments During The Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Cross-Sectional Study.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Huang, Lei", "Wang, Yun", "Liu, Juan", "Ye, Pengfei", "Cheng, Bochao", "Xu, Huayan", "Qu, Haibo", "Ning, Gang"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468998", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that in the face of life adversity, threats, or other major stressful events, resilience is more conducive to individual adaptation and growth. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale were used to evaluate the resilience and perceived stress of 600 medical staff members from the radiology departments in 32 public hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, respectively. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze factors related to resilience. RESULTS The total resilience score was 65.76\u00b117.26, wherein the toughness dimension score was 33.61\u00b19.52, the strength dimension score was 21.25\u00b15.50, and the optimism dimension score was 10.91\u00b13.15. There was a significant negative correlation between perceived stress and resilience (r=-0.635, P<0.001). According to multivariate analysis, the total perceived stress score (\u00df=-1.318, P<0.001), gender (\u00df=-4.738, P<0.001), knowledge of COVID-19 (\u00df=2.884, P=0.043), knowledge of COVID-19 protective measures (\u00df=3.260, P=0.042), and availability of adequate protective materials (\u00df=-1.268, P=0.039) were independent influencing factors for resilience. CONCLUSIONS The resilience level of the medical staff in the radiology departments during the outbreak of COVID-19 was generally low, particularly regarding toughness. More attention should be paid to resilience influence factors such as high perceived stress, female gender, lack of understanding of COVID-19 and protective measures, and lack of protective materials, and targeted interventions should be undertaken to improve the resilience level of the medical staff in the radiology departments during the outbreak of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32304574, "pmcid": "PMC7264592", "title": "Screen mirroring, screen casting and screen sharing during COVID-19: what dermatologists should know.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Jakhar, D", "Kaur, I", "Kaul, S"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304574", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349966, "title": "Covid-19: Antibody test that claims to be 99% accurate is certified by EU.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349966", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314804, "pmcid": "PMC7264625", "title": "Epidemiological trends of COVID-19 epidemic in Italy over March 2020: From 1000 to 100 000 cases.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["La Maestra, Sebastiano", "Abbondandolo, Angelo", "De Flora, Silvio"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314804", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic started in Italy by the end of January 2020 and, after 1 month, it affected 1049 persons. Based on the Italian Ministry of Health data, we reconstructed the daily course of virus-positive cases and deaths over March 2020 for the whole of Italy, 19 regions and 2 provinces. From 29 February to 31 March, there was a 100.9-fold increase in the cumulative number of cases and a 428.6-fold increase in the number of deaths in Italy. When plotted on a semilogarithmic scale, the curves tended to diverge from linearity with 23%, 16%, and 7% average daily increases during the three decades of March. Similarly, the number of deaths decreased from an average daily growth of 19% over\u00a0the second decade to 10% over\u00a0the third decade. The correlation coefficients relating the days to cases or deaths over\u00a0each one of the three decades approached\u00a0unity. As inferred from the equations of the regression lines relative to the three decades, the doubling times of cases were 3.4, 5.1, and 9.6 days, respectively. The doubling times of deaths over\u00a0the second and third decades were 4.9 and 7.0 days, respectively. There was a broad geographic variability, with a striking gradient from the North, where 40.8% of cases and 57.9% of deaths occurred in Lombardy, to the South. On the whole, over\u00a0March there was a trend to epidemic growth decline\u00a0but the time for the end of the epidemic will depend on a variety of factors and, at present, it is unpredictable."}, {"pmid": 32346394, "pmcid": "PMC7176064", "title": "Additional challenges faced by cancer patients in Gaza due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Ecancermedicalscience", "authors": ["AlWaheidi, Shaymaa", "Sullivan, Richard", "Davies, Elizabeth A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346394", "countries": ["Palestine, State of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cancer patients in conflict settings experience significant barriers in accessing chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as palliative care and psychosocial support. Now they face an additional possible risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus and the indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on movement restrictions and their access to care. In this commentary, we highlight that despite the low COVID-19 burden in conflict settings like Gaza, COVID-19 could lead to further inequity in cancer care and poorer outcomes for Palestinians with cancer. This is due to the pre-existing shortage in cancer resources as well as the lack of context-specific guidelines to prepare for COVID-19 in war-torn settings."}, {"pmid": 32362302, "pmcid": "PMC7218187", "title": "To alert coinfection of COVID-19 and dengue virus in developing countries in the dengue-endemic area.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wu, Di", "Lu, Jianyun", "Liu, Qun", "Ma, Xiaowei", "He, Weiyun"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362302", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329879, "title": "An alternative approach to minimize the risk of coronavirus (Covid-19) and similar infections.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Ahmad, A", "Rehman, M U", "Alkharfy, K M"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329879", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new strain that was discovered in 2019 and has not been previously identified in humans. On December 31st 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of a cluster of cases with pneumonia of unknown origin from Wuhan City, Hubei province of China. The WHO announced in February 2020 that COVID-19 is the official name of the coronavirus diseases. A total of 519,899 confirmed cases with 23,592 deaths linked to this pathogen as on March 27, 2020 have been reported. Due to increasing number of infected people across the continents and huge loss to human life, the WHO has declared the novel COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. A pandemic is defined as the \"worldwide spread\" of a new disease. Currently, no COVID-19 specific treatments have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA). However, the current treatment options include hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, remdesivir, lopinavir-ritonavir (Kaletra\u00ae), and nitazoxanide. In recent past, some natural herbal compounds have demonstrated encouraging anti-viral properties. This article attempted to summarize available information on the reported anti-viral activity of some natural products."}, {"pmid": 32342041, "pmcid": "PMC7182514", "title": "Forecasting the Impact of Coronavirus Disease During Delivery Hospitalization: An Aid for Resources Utilization.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Putra, Manesha", "Kesavan, Ms Malavika", "Brackney, Kerri", "Hackney, David N", "Roosa, Ms Kimberlyn M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342041", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has severely impacted the United States. In cases of infectious disease outbreak, forecasting models are often developed for resources utilization. Pregnancy and delivery pose unique challenges, given the altered maternal immune system and the fact that the majority of American women choose to deliver in the hospital setting. The aim of our study is to forecast the incidence of COVID-19 in general population and to forecast the overall incidence, severe cases, critical cases and fatal COVID-19 cases during delivery hospitalization in the United States. We use a phenomenological model with generalized logistic growth models to forecast the incidence of COVID-19 in the United States from 4/15/2020 - 12/31/2020. Incidence data from 3/1/2020 - 4/14/2020 were used to provide best-fit model solution. Subsequently, Monte-Carlo simulation was performed for each week from 3/1/2020 - 12/31/2020 to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 in delivery hospitalizations using the available data estimate. From 3/1/2020 - 12/31/2020, our model forecasted a total of 860,475 cases of COVID-19 in general population across the United States. The cumulative incidence for COVID-19 during delivery hospitalization is anticipated to be 16,601 (95% CI, 9,711 - 23,491) cases. Among those, 3,308 (95% CI, 1,755 - 4,861) cases are expected to be severe, 681 (95% CI, 1324 - 1,038) critical and 52 (95% CI, 23 - 81) maternal mortality. Assuming similar baseline maternal mortality rate as the year of 2018, we projected an increase in maternal mortality rate in the US to at least 18.7 (95% CI, 18.0 - 19.5) deaths per 100,000 live birth as a direct result of COVID-19. COVID-19 infection in pregnant women is expected to severely impact obstetrical care. From 3/1/2020 - 12/31/2020, we project 3,308 severe and 681 critical cases, with about 52 COVID-19 related maternal mortalities during delivery hospitalization in the United States. These data might be helpful for counseling and resource allocation."}, {"pmid": 32391393, "pmcid": "PMC7199282", "title": "Digesting the crisis: autophagy and coronaviruses.", "journal": "Microb Cell", "authors": ["Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac", "Bauer, Maria A", "Zimmermann, Andreas", "Kainz, Katharina", "Hofer, Sebastian J", "Kroemer, Guido", "Madeo, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391393", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Autophagy is a catabolic pathway with multifaceted roles in cellular homeostasis. This process is also involved in the antiviral response at multiple levels, including the direct elimination of intruding viruses (virophagy), the presentation of viral antigens, the fitness of immune cells, and the inhibition of excessive inflammatory reactions. In line with its central role in immunity, viruses have evolved mechanisms to interfere with or to evade the autophagic process, and in some cases, even to harness autophagy or constituents of the autophagic machinery for their replication. Given the devastating consequences of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the question arises whether manipulating autophagy might be an expedient approach to fight the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In this piece, we provide a short overview of the evidence linking autophagy to coronaviruses and discuss whether such links may provide actionable targets for therapeutic interventions."}, {"pmid": 32175069, "pmcid": "PMC7050235", "title": "Imported Wuhan Coronavirus Infection: Is there any Correlation with Number of Immigrants from Endemic Area and Period after the First Outbreak?", "journal": "Int J Prev Med", "authors": ["Sookaromdee, Pathum", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175069", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348833, "pmcid": "PMC7194956", "title": "What face mask for what use in the context of COVID-19 pandemic? The French guidelines.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Lepelletier, Didier", "Grandbastien, Bruno", "Romano-Bertrand, Sara", "Aho, Serge", "Chidiac, Christian", "Gehanno, Jean-Francois", "Chauvin, Franck"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348833", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a face mask has become usual and ubiquitous, in both hospitals and community. However, the general public is consuming surgical or filtering face piece (FFP) masks irrespective of their specificity, leading to global supply shortage for the most exposed persons, which are healthcare workers. This underlines the urgent need to clarify the indications of the different categories of mask, in order to rationalize their use. The study herein specifies the French position for the rational use of respiratory protective equipment for healthcare workers."}, {"pmid": 32489164, "title": "Lack of transparency during the COVID-19: nurturing a future and more devastating crisis.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Braillon, Alain"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489164", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391369, "pmcid": "PMC7193030", "title": "Use of Corticosteroids in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: A Systematic Review of the Literature.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Veronese, Nicola", "Demurtas, Jacopo", "Yang, Lin", "Tonelli, Roberto", "Barbagallo, Mario", "Lopalco, Pierluigi", "Lagolio, Erik", "Celotto, Stefano", "Pizzol, Damiano", "Zou, Liye", "Tully, Mark A", "Ilie, Petre Cristian", "Trott, Mike", "Lopez-Sanchez, Guillermo F", "Smith, Lee"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391369", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with COVID-19. A systematic search of the literature across nine databases was conducted from inception until 15th March 2020, following the PRISMA guidelines. Patients with a validated diagnosis of COVID-19 and using corticosteroids were included, considering all health outcomes. Four studies with 542 Chinese participants were included. Two studies reported negative findings regarding the use of corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19, i.e., corticosteroids had a detrimental impact on clinical outcomes. One study reported no significant association between the use of corticosteroids and clinical outcomes. However, one study, on 201 participants with different stages of pneumonia due to COVID-19, found that in more severe forms, the administration of methylprednisolone significantly reduced the risk of death by 62%. The literature to date does not fully support the routine use of corticosteroids in COVID-19, but some findings suggest that methylprednisolone could lower mortality rate in more severe forms of the condition."}, {"pmid": 32328297, "pmcid": "PMC7171815", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: A New Chapter in the History of Infectious Diseases.", "journal": "Oman Med J", "authors": ["Balkhair, Abdullah A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328297", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330545, "pmcid": "PMC7173826", "title": "African-American COVID-19 Mortality: A Sentinel Event.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Ferdinand, Keith C", "Nasser, Samar A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330545", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435890, "pmcid": "PMC7239607", "title": "The impact of imposed delay in elective pediatric neurosurgery: an informed hierarchy of need in the time of mass casualty crisis.", "journal": "Childs Nerv Syst", "authors": ["Ahluwalia, Ranbir", "Rocque, Brandon G", "Shannon, Chevis N", "Blount, Jeffrey P"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435890", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19, coronavirus, has created unique challenges for the medical community after national guidelines called for the cancellation of all elective surgery. While there are clear cases of elective surgery (benign cranial cosmetic defect) and emergency surgery (hemorrhage, fracture, trauma, etc.), there is an unchartered middle ground in pediatric neurosurgery. Children, unlike adults, have dynamic anatomy and are still developing neural networks. Delaying seemingly elective surgery can affect a child's already vulnerable health state by further impacting their neurocognitive development, neurologic functioning, and potential long-term health states. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that \"elective\" pediatric neurosurgery should be risk-stratified, and multi-institutional informed guidelines established."}, {"pmid": 32296135, "pmcid": "PMC7186927", "title": "COVID-19: risk for cytokine targeting in chronic inflammatory diseases?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Schett, Georg", "Sticherling, Michael", "Neurath, Markus F"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296135", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336801, "pmcid": "PMC7177746", "title": "[Economic Implications of the Corona Crisis and Economic Policy Measures].", "journal": "Wirtschaftsdienst", "authors": ["Bofinger, Peter", "Dullien, Sebastian", "Felbermayr, Gabriel", "Fuest, Clemens", "Huther, Michael", "Sudekum, Jens", "Weder di Mauro, Beatrice"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336801", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Germany", "Korea, Republic of", "Spain", "China", "Japan", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The corona crisis started in China and had great consequences for public health and the economy. In the meantime, high and rapidly growing numbers of cases of infections with SARS-CoV-2 have also been recorded in Japan, Korea, Italy, Germany, Great Britain, France, Spain and above all in the USA. Forecasts of economic growth have been massively revised downwards and governments around the world are struggling to find the right economic policy response. This article describes basic short-term options for the German government to react to the corona shock and briefl y assesses the package of measures \"Schutzschirm f\u00fcr Besch\u00e4ftigte und Unternehmen\" presented on 13 March 2020 by the German Finance Minister Olaf Scholz and the German Economics Minister Peter Altmaier."}, {"pmid": 32408808, "pmcid": "PMC7231903", "title": "Data Quality of Chinese Surveillance of COVID-19: Objective Analysis Based on WHO's Situation Reports.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Idrovo, Alvaro Javier", "Manrique-Hernandez, Edgar Fabian"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408808", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Was there quality in the Chinese epidemiological surveillance system during the COVID-19 pandemic? Using data of World Health Organization's situation reports (until situation report 55), an objective analysis was realized to answer this important question. Fulfillment of Benford's law (first digit law) is a rapid tool to suggest good data quality. Results suggest that China had an acceptable quality in its epidemiological surveillance system. Furthermore, more detailed and complete analyses could complement the evaluation of the Chinese surveillance system."}, {"pmid": 32449640, "title": "Reaching older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic through social networks and Social Security Schemes in Ghana: Lessons for considerations.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Arthur-Holmes, Francis", "Agyemang-Duah, Williams"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449640", "countries": ["Ghana"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Throughout the world, the outbreak of the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has exposed the older population to health, social and financial risks. With the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on social security schemes and individuals' income, dependent older people's needs are critically at stake. Like other developing countries, older people in Ghana need to rely on their social networks through family ties, friends and social organisations for support. Also, there is the need for social security institutions, including the Social Security and National insurance Trust, to make provisions for older people aged 50+ to receive part of their pension package to meet their basic needs during the pandemic. In a period like this, social services are required as older people may need practical support in terms of having someone to run errands for them. However, government should improve social intervention package, particularly the livelihood empowerment against poverty grant for older adults with very low income in order to enhance their living conditions."}, {"pmid": 32485619, "pmcid": "PMC7250074", "title": "Epidemiological and clinical features of 200 hospitalized patients with corona virus disease 2019 outside Wuhan, China: A descriptive study.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Yang, Luhuan", "Liu, Jinglan", "Zhang, Rong", "Li, Mingwu", "Li, Zifeng", "Zhou, Xiaojing", "Hu, Chuanjun", "Tian, Fei", "Zhou, Fating", "Lei, Yunhong"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485619", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide, with especially severe epidemics occurring in cities across China. To report the epidemiological and clinical futures of the 200 patients infected with COVID-19 in Yichang, Hubei Province, China. 200 patients confirmed with COVID-19 in a designated hospital in Yichang from Jan 30 to Feb 8, 2020 were investigated retrospectively. The epidemiological data and clinical characteristics were collected. The data between the ICU patients and non-ICU patients were compared. The patients were followed up till Feb 26, 2020. Of the 200 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 98 (49.0 %) were male, and the mean age was 55 years. Eighty-seven (43.5 %) had no linkage to Wuhan or contact history. Familial clustering was found in 34 patients. Sixtyfive (32.5 %) suffered from chronic diseases. The common symptoms included fever (171[85.5 %]), cough (116[58.0 %]), and fatigue (64[32 %]). Most patients had lymphopenia. One hundred and seventy-two (86 %) patients showed typical imaging findings of viral pneumonia. Most patients received antiviral, antibiotic, and corticosteroid treatment. Compared with the non-ICU patients, 29 (14.5 %) patients in the ICU were older and more likely to show dyspnea and complications including ARDS. As of Feb 26, 15 (51.7 %) patients in the ICU had died. The COVID-19 infection was of clustering onset and can cause severe respiratory disease and even death. The mortality of ICU patients with COVID-19 was considerably high."}, {"pmid": 32426126, "pmcid": "PMC7229447", "title": "Surgical practice and operative surgical strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic: A commentary.", "journal": "Ann Med Surg (Lond)", "authors": ["Karampelias, Vasileios", "Spanidis, Ypatios", "Kehagias, Ioannis"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277171, "title": "For Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the end will have to wait.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277171", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302962, "pmcid": "PMC7151537", "title": "Dealing with Corona virus anxiety and OCD.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Kumar, Ajay", "Somani, Aditya"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302962", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is reeling under the crisis caused by corona virus disease (COVID-19), print, electronic and social media are flooded with numerous advisories issued by governments and other national & international agencies. While all this is being done with best of intentions so as to contain the spread of this viral disease, this is causing a significant negative impact on mental health of people specially person of obsessive-compulsive disorder with fear of contamination and excessive washing of hands."}, {"pmid": 32391308, "pmcid": "PMC7193021", "title": "COVID-19 Trend Estimation in the Elderly Italian Region of Sardinia.", "journal": "Front Public Health", "authors": ["Puci, Mariangela Valentina", "Loi, Federica", "Ferraro, Ottavia Eleonora", "Cappai, Stefano", "Rolesu, Sandro", "Montomoli, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391308", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "December 2019 saw a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) from China quickly spread globally. Currently, COVID-19, defined as the new pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), has reached over 750,000 confirmed cases worldwide. The virus began to spread in Italy from the 22nd February, and the number of related cases is still increasing. Furthermore, given that a relevant proportion of infected people need hospitalization in Intensive Care Units, this may be a crucial issue for National Healthcare System's capacity. WHO underlines the importance of specific disease regional estimates. Because of this, Italy aimed to put in place proportioned and controlled measures, and to guarantee adequate funding to both increase the number of ICU beds and increase production of personal protective equipment. Our aim is to investigate the current COVID-19 epidemiological context in Sardinia region (Italy) and to estimate the transmission parameters using a stochastic model to establish the number of infected, recovered, and deceased people expected. Based on available data from official Italian and regional sources, we describe the distribution of infected cases during the period between 2nd and 15th March 2020. To better reflect the actual spread of COVID-19 in Sardinia based on data from 15th March (first Sardinian declared outbreak), two Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Dead (SIRD) models have been developed, describing the best and worst scenarios. We believe that our findings represent a valid contribution to better understand the epidemiological context of COVID-19 in Sardinia. Our analysis can help health authorities and policymakers to address the right interventions to deal with the rapidly expanding health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32525377, "title": "COVID-19: Threat and fear in Indonesia.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Abdullah, Irwan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525377", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this article is to provide a brief report on how the Indonesian population has experienced the COVID-19 pandemic in the first 2 months since the establishment of COVID-19 Rapid Response Task Force on March 13. The discussion will focus on the psychological trauma that the population has experienced due to the lack of preparedness, the poorly equipped health care system, and lockdown policies in dealing with the spread of the coronavirus. Four different types of psychological trauma were increasingly observed, based on digital communication with people affected and reports from the news and social media. These 4 types of psychological trauma were social withdrawal, hysteria, individual violence, and collective violence. On the basis of the described psychological consequences of the pandemic, it can be assumed that both the individual and collective reactions must be considered to reduce harm of the coronavirus pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32469280, "title": "COVID-19: Gene Transfer to the Rescue?", "journal": "Hum Gene Ther", "authors": ["Vandenberghe, Luk H"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469280", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472383, "pmcid": "PMC7260124", "title": "COVID-19 and parasitology.", "journal": "Parasitol Res", "authors": ["de Souza, Wanderley"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472383", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32127517, "pmcid": "PMC7054527", "title": "Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice.", "journal": "Int J Oral Sci", "authors": ["Peng, Xian", "Xu, Xin", "Li, Yuqing", "Cheng, Lei", "Zhou, Xuedong", "Ren, Biao"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127517", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel \u03b2-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused severe and even fetal pneumonia explored in a seafood market of Wuhan city, Hubei province, China, and rapidly spread to other provinces of China and other countries. The 2019-nCoV was different from SARS-CoV, but shared the same host receptor the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The natural host of 2019-nCoV may be the bat Rhinolophus affinis as 2019-nCoV showed 96.2% of whole-genome identity to BatCoV RaTG13. The person-to-person transmission routes of 2019-nCoV included direct transmission, such as cough, sneeze, droplet inhalation transmission, and contact transmission, such as the contact with oral, nasal, and eye mucous membranes. 2019-nCoV can also be transmitted through the saliva, and the fetal-oral routes may also be a potential person-to-person transmission route. The participants in dental practice expose to tremendous risk of 2019-nCoV infection due to the face-to-face communication and the exposure to saliva, blood, and other body fluids, and the handling of sharp instruments. Dental professionals play great roles in preventing the transmission of 2019-nCoV. Here we recommend the infection control measures during dental practice to block the person-to-person transmission routes in dental clinics and hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32382743, "pmcid": "PMC7239264", "title": "COVID-19 Testing, Epidemic Features, Hospital Outcomes, and Household Prevalence, New York State-March 2020.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rosenberg, Eli S", "Dufort, Elizabeth M", "Blog, Debra S", "Hall, Eric W", "Hoefer, Dina", "Backenson, Bryon P", "Muse, Alison T", "Kirkwood, James N", "George, Kirsten St", "Holtgrave, David R", "Hutton, Brad J", "Zucker, Howard A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382743", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The United States' COVID-19 epidemic has grown extensively since February 2020, with substantial associated hospitalizations and mortality; New York State (NYS) has emerged as the national epicenter. We report on the extent of testing and test results during the month of March in NYS, along with risk factors, outcomes, and household prevalence among initial cases subject to in-depth investigations. Specimen collection for COVID-19 testing was conducted in healthcare settings, community-based collection sites, and by home testing teams. Information on demographics, risk factors, and hospital outcomes of cases was obtained through epidemiological investigations and an electronic medical records match, and summarized descriptively. Active testing of initial case's households enabled estimation of household prevalence. During March In NYS, outside of New York City, a total of 47,326 persons tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, out of 141,495 tests (33% test-positive), with the highest number of cases located in the metropolitan region counties. Among 229 initial cases diagnosed through March 12, by March 30 13% were hospitalized and 2% died. Testing conducted among 498 members of these case's households found prevalent infection among 57%; excluding first-reported cases 38%. In these homes, we found a significant age gradient in prevalence, from 23% among those <5 years to 68% among those \u226565 years (p<.0001). New York State faced a substantial and increasing COVID-19 outbreak during March 2020. The earliest cases had high levels of infection in their households and by the end of the month, the risks of hospitalization and death were high."}, {"pmid": 32437950, "pmcid": "PMC7211753", "title": "Vascular surgery education during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Tinelli, Giovanni", "Sica, Simona", "Minelli, Fabrizio", "Tshomba, Yamume"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466735, "title": "Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients With a History of Stroke in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Qin, Chuan", "Zhou, Luoqi", "Hu, Ziwei", "Yang, Sheng", "Zhang, Shuoqi", "Chen, Man", "Yu, Haihan", "Tian, Dai-Shi", "Wang, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466735", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Information on stroke survivors infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. The aim of this study was to describe specific clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 with a history of stroke. All the confirmed cases of COVID-19 at Tongji Hospital from January 27 to March 5, 2020, were included in our cohort study. Clinical data were analyzed and compared between patients with and without a history of stroke. Of the included 1875 patients with COVID-19, 50 patients had a history of stroke. The COVID-19 patients with medical history of stroke were older with more comorbidities, had higher neutrophil count, and lower lymphocyte and platelet counts than those without history of stroke. The levels of D-dimers, cardiac troponin I, NT pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and interleukin-6 were also markedly higher in patients with history of stroke. Stroke survivors who underwent COVID-19 developed more acute respiratory distress syndrome and received more noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Data from propensity-matched analysis indicated a higher proportion of patients with COVD-19 with a history of stroke were admitted to the intensive care unit requiring mechanical ventilation and were more likely to be held in the unit or die, compared with non-stroke history COVID-19 patients. Patients with COVID-19 with a history of stroke had more severe clinical symptoms and poorer outcomes compared with those without a history of stroke."}, {"pmid": 32501313, "pmcid": "PMC7252105", "title": "What's really 'Happning'? A forensic analysis of Android and iOS Happn dating apps.", "journal": "Comput Secur", "authors": ["Knox, Shawn", "Moghadam, Steven", "Patrick, Kenny", "Phan, Anh", "Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501313", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With today's world revolving around online interaction, dating applications (apps) are a prime example of how people are able to discover and converse with others that may share similar interests or lifestyles, including during the recent COVID-19 lockdowns. To connect the users, geolocation is often utilized. However, with each new app comes the possibility of criminal exploitation. For example, while apps with geolocation feature are intended for users to provide personal information that drive their search to meet someone, that same information can be used by hackers or forensic analysts to gain access to personal data, albeit for different purposes. This paper examines the Happn dating app (versions 9.6.2, 9.7, and 9.8 for iOS devices, and versions 3.0.22 and 24.18.0 for Android devices), which geographically works differently compared to most notable dating apps by providing users with profiles of other users that might have passed by them or in the general radius of their location. Encompassing both iOS and Android devices along with eight varying user profiles with diverse backgrounds, this study aims to explore the potential for a malicious actor to uncover the personal information of another user by identifying artifacts that may pertain to sensitive user data."}, {"pmid": 32402775, "pmcid": "PMC7183286", "title": "[Chilblains in lockdown: An old acquaintance in the context of COVID-19].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Abril-Perez, Carlos", "Sanchez-Arraez, Javier", "Roca-Gines, Juncal", "Torres-Navarro, Ignacio"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402775", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346679, "pmcid": "PMC7118363", "title": "Editorial: Geriatric medicine in Italy in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Cesari, M", "Proietti, M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346679", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497698, "pmcid": "PMC7262530", "title": "Reply to: \"Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Ruggiero, Giuseppe", "Arcangeli, Fabio", "Lotti, Torello", "Ametrano, Orsola", "Ruggiero, Cosimo", "Cucchiara, Salvatore", "Oliva, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497698", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344657, "title": "Strategies and Solutions for Team Sports Athletes in Isolation due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Sports (Basel)", "authors": ["Jukic, Igor", "Calleja-Gonzalez, Julio", "Cos, Francesc", "Cuzzolin, Francesco", "Olmo, Jesus", "Terrados, Nicolas", "Njaradi, Nenad", "Sassi, Roberto", "Requena, Bernardo", "Milanovic, Luka", "Krakan, Ivan", "Chatzichristos, Kostas", "Alcaraz, Pedro E"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344657", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December of 2019, there was an outbreak of a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) in China. The virus rapidly spread into the whole World causing an unprecedented pandemic and forcing governments to impose a global quarantine, entering an extreme unknown situation. The organizational consequences of quarantine/isolation are: absence of organized training and competition, lack of communication among athletes and coaches, inability to move freely, lack of adequate sunlight exposure, inappropriate training conditions. Based on the current scientific, we strongly recommend encouraging the athlete to reset their mindset to understand quarantine as an opportunity for development, organizing appropriate guidance, educating and encourage athletes to apply appropriate preventive behavior and hygiene measures to promote immunity and ensuring good living isolation conditions. The athlete's living space should be equipped with cardio and resistance training equipment (portable bicycle or rowing ergometer). Some forms of body mass resistance circuit-based training could promote aerobic adaptation. Sports skills training should be organized based on the athlete's needs. Personalized conditioning training should be carried out with emphasis on neuromuscular performance. Athletes should also be educated about nutrition (Vitamin D and proteins) and hydration. Strategies should be developed to control body composition. Mental fatigue should be anticipated and mental controlled. Adequate methods of recovery should be provided. Daily monitoring should be established. This is an ideal situation in which to rethink personal life, understanding the situation, that can be promoted in these difficult times that affect practically the whole world."}, {"pmid": 32469279, "title": "Withanone and withaferin-A are predicted to interact with transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and block entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Kumar, Vipul", "Dhanjal, Jaspreet Kaur", "Bhargava, Priyanshu", "Kaul, Ashish", "Wang, Jia", "Zhang, Huayue", "Kaul, Sunil C", "Wadhwa, Renu", "Sundar, Durai"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469279", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) initiated in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and became pandemic causing high fatality and disrupted normal life calling world almost to a halt. Causative agent is a novel coronavirus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV). While new line of drug/vaccine development has been initiated world-wide, in the current scenario of high infected numbers, severity of the disease and high morbidity, repurposing of the existing drugs is heavily explored. Here, we used a homology-based structural model of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), a cell surface receptor, required for entry of virus to the target host cell. Using the strengths of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we examined the binding potential of Withaferin-A (Wi-A), Withanone (Wi-N) and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester to TPMRSS2 in comparison to its known inhibitor, Camostat mesylate. We found that both Wi-A and Wi-N could bind and stably interact at the catalytic site of TMPRSS2. Wi-N showed stronger interactions with TMPRSS2 catalytic residues than Wi-A, and also able to induce changes in its allosteric site. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of Wi-N on TMPRSS2 expression in MCF7 cells and found remarkable downregulation of TMPRSS2 mRNA in treated cells predicting dual action of Wi-N to block SARS-CoV-2 entry to the host cells. Since the natural compounds are easily available/affordable, they may even offer a timely therapeutic/preventive value for the management of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We also report that Wi-A/Wi-N content varies in different parts of Ashwagandha and warrants careful attention for their use."}, {"pmid": 32360003, "pmcid": "PMC7165121", "title": "Sometimes Less Is Worse: A Recommendation Against Nonintubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Piccioni, Federico", "Di Gregorio, Guido", "Rosboch, Giulio Luca", "Massullo, Domenico"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360003", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238221, "pmcid": "PMC7156578", "title": "Declining Public Health Protections within Autocratic Regimes: Impact on Global Public Health Security, Infectious Disease Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Burkle, Frederick M"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238221", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health emergencies of international concern, in the form of infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics, represent an increasing risk to the world's population. Management requires coordinated responses, across many disciplines and nations, and the capacity to muster proper national and global public health education, infrastructure, and prevention measures. Unfortunately, increasing numbers of nations are ruled by autocratic regimes which have characteristically failed to adopt investments in public health infrastructure, education, and prevention measures to keep pace with population growth and density. Autocratic leaders have a direct impact on health security, a direct negative impact on health, and create adverse political and economic conditions that only complicate the crisis further. This is most evident in autocratic regimes where health protections have been seriously and purposely curtailed. All autocratic regimes define public health along economic and political imperatives that are similar across borders and cultures. Autocratic regimes are seriously handicapped by sociopathic narcissistic leaders who are incapable of understanding the health consequences of infectious diseases or the impact on their population. A cross section of autocratic nations currently experiencing the impact of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) are reviewed to demonstrate the manner where self-serving regimes fail to manage health crises and place the rest of the world at increasing risk. It is time to re-address the pre-SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) global agendas calling for stronger strategic capacity, legal authority, support, and institutional status under World Health Organization (WHO) leadership granted by an International Health Regulations Treaty. Treaties remain the most successful means the world has in preventing, preparing for, and controlling epidemics in an increasingly globalized world.\"Honesty is worth a lot more than hope\u2026\" The Economist, February 17, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32328757, "pmcid": "PMC7179379", "title": "Guidance for anti-VEGF intravitreal injections during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Korobelnik, Jean-Francois", "Loewenstein, Anat", "Eldem, Bora", "Joussen, Antonia M", "Koh, Adrian", "Lambrou, George N", "Lanzetta, Paolo", "Li, Xiaoxin", "Lovestam-Adrian, Monica", "Navarro, Rafael", "Okada, Annabelle A", "Pearce, Ian", "Rodriguez, Francisco J", "Wong, David T", "Wu, Lihteh"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an urgent need to address how to best provide ophthalmic care for patients with retinal disease receiving intravitreal injections with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents during the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic. This article provides guidance for ophthalmologists on how to deliver the best possible care for patients while minimizing the risk of infection. The Vision Academy's Steering Committee of international retinal disease experts convened to discuss key considerations for managing patients with retinal disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. After reviewing the existing literature on the issue, members put forward recommendations that were systematically refined and voted on to develop this guidance. The considerations focus on the implementation of steps to minimize the exposure of patients and healthcare staff to COVID-19. These include the use of personal protective equipment, adherence to scrupulous hygiene and disinfection protocols, pre-screening to identify symptomatic patients, and reducing the number of people in waiting rooms. Other important measures include triaging of patients to identify those at the greatest risk of irreversible vision loss and prioritization of treatment visits over monitoring visits where possible. In order to limit patient exposure, ophthalmologists should refrain from using treatment regimens that require frequent monitoring. Management of patients with retinal disease receiving intravitreal injections during the COVID-19 pandemic will require adjustment to regular clinical practice to minimize the risk of exposure of patients and healthcare staff, and to prioritize those with the greatest medical need. The safety of patients and healthcare staff should be of paramount importance in all decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32435645, "pmcid": "PMC7218168", "title": "Extended SIR Prediction of the Epidemics Trend of COVID-19 in Italy and Compared With Hunan, China.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Wangping, Jia", "Ke, Han", "Yang, Song", "Wenzhe, Cao", "Shengshu, Wang", "Shanshan, Yang", "Jianwei, Wang", "Fuyin, Kou", "Penggang, Tai", "Jing, Li", "Miao, Liu", "Yao, He"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435645", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a global public health threat. Outside of China, Italy is one of the countries suffering the most with the COVID-19 epidemic. It is important to predict the epidemic trend of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy to help develop public health strategies. Methods: We used time-series data of COVID-19 from Jan 22 2020 to Apr 02 2020. An infectious disease dynamic extended susceptible-infected-removed (eSIR) model, which covers the effects of different intervention measures in dissimilar periods, was applied to estimate the epidemic trend in Italy. The basic reproductive number was estimated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods and presented using the resulting posterior mean and 95% credible interval (CI). Hunan, with a similar total population number to Italy, was used as a comparative item. Results: In the eSIR model, we estimated that the mean of basic reproductive number for COVID-19 was 4.34 (95% CI, 3.04-6.00) in Italy and 3.16 (95% CI, 1.73-5.25) in Hunan. There would be a total of 182 051 infected cases (95%CI:116 114-274 378) under the current country blockade and the endpoint would be Aug 05 in Italy. Conclusion: Italy's current strict measures can efficaciously prevent the further spread of COVID-19 and should be maintained. Necessary strict public health measures should be implemented as soon as possible in other European countries with a high number of COVID-19 cases. The most effective strategy needs to be confirmed in further studies."}, {"pmid": 32361446, "title": "SutteARIMA: Short-term forecasting method, a case: Covid-19 and stock market in Spain.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ahmar, Ansari Saleh", "Del Val, Eva Boj"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361446", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to predict the short-term of confirmed cases of covid-19 and IBEX in Spain by using SutteARIMA method. Confirmed data of Covid-19 in Spanish was obtained from Worldometer and Spain Stock Market data (IBEX 35) was data obtained from Yahoo Finance. Data started from 12 February 2020-09 April 2020 (the date on Covid-19 was detected in Spain). The data from 12 February 2020-02 April 2020 using to fitting with data from 03 April 2020 - 09 April 2020. Based on the fitting data, we can conducted short-term forecast for 3 future period (10 April 2020 - 12 April 2020 for Covid-19 and 14 April 2020 - 16 April 2020 for IBEX). In this study, the SutteARIMA method will be used. For the evaluation of the forecasting methods, we applied forecasting accuracy measures, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Based on the results of ARIMA and SutteARIMA forecasting methods, it can be concluded that the SutteARIMA method is more suitable than ARIMA to calculate the daily forecasts of confirmed cases of Covid-19 and IBEX in Spain. The MAPE value of 0.036 (smaller than 0.03 compared to MAPE value of ARIMA) for confirmed cases of Covid-19 in Spain and was in the amount of 0.026 for IBEX stock. At the end of the analysis, this study used the SutteARIMA method, this study calculated daily forecasts of confirmed cases of Covid-19 in Spain from 10 April 2020 until 12 April 2020 i.e. 158925; 164390; and 169969 and Spain Stock Market from 14 April 2020 until 16 April 2020 i.e. 7000.61; 6930.61; and 6860.62."}, {"pmid": 32269087, "pmcid": "PMC7144267", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Infection in Newborn Babies Under 28 Days in China.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Zhang, Zhi-Jiang", "Yu, Xue-Jie", "Fu, Tao", "Liu, Yu", "Jiang, Yan", "Yang, Bing Xiang", "Bi, Yongyi"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269087", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous studies described the clinical features of Covid-19 in adults and infants under 1\u2005year of age. Little is known about features, outcomes and intrauterine transmission potential in newborn babies aged 28\u2005days or less. Through systematical searching, we identified 4 infections in newborn babies in China as of March 13. The age range was 30\u2005h to 17\u2005days old. Three were male. Two newborn babies had fever, 1 had shortness of breath, 1 had cough and 1 had no syndromes. Supportive treatment was provided for all 4 newborn babies. None required intensive unit care or mechanical ventilation. None had any severe complications. Three newborn babies recovered by the end of this study and had been discharged with 16, 23, and 30\u2005days of hospital stay. All 4 mothers were infected by SARS-CoV-2, 3 showing symptoms before and 1 after delivery. Cesarean section was used for all 4 mothers, 3 at level III hospitals and 1 at a level II hospital. Three newborn babies were separated from mothers right after being born and were not breastfed. In summary, newborn babies are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The symptoms in newborn babies were milder and outcomes were less severe as compared to adults. Intrauterine vertical transmission is possible but direct evidence is still lacking."}, {"pmid": 32387006, "pmcid": "PMC7252009", "title": "SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19): lessons to be learned by Brazilian Physical Therapists.", "journal": "Braz J Phys Ther", "authors": ["Pinto, Thiago Fernandes", "Carvalho, Celso R F de"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387006", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490578, "title": "Teledermatology for acne patients: how to reduce face-to-face visits during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Villani, Alessia", "Annunziata, Maria Carmela", "Abategiovanni, Luisa", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490578", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From the outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread all over the world causing a global public health emergency1 . Since then, preventive measures, such as the use of protective equipement, social distance and disinfection procedures, have been adopted in order to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. Regarding Dermatology departments, the majority of them have been reorganized and all dermatological procedures have been postponed, except for the emergencies and the oncological ones2 ."}, {"pmid": 32491106, "pmcid": "PMC7269530", "title": "Spatiotemporal evolution of coronavirus disease 2019 mortality in Brazil in 2020.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Souza, Carlos Dornels Freire de", "Santana, Gibson Barros de Almeida", "Leal, Thiago Cavalcanti", "Paiva, Joao Paulo Silva de", "Silva, Leonardo Feitosa da", "Santos, Lucas Gomes", "Machado, Michael Ferreira", "Correia, Divanise Suruagy", "Santos, Victor Santana", "Carmo, Rodrigo Feliciano do"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491106", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494568, "pmcid": "PMC7258885", "title": "Corrigendum to \"Coronavirus Disease-19: The First 7,755 Cases in the Republic of Korea\" [Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020;11(2):85-90].", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494568", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[This corrects the article on p. 85 in vol. 11, PMID: 32257774.]."}, {"pmid": 32392184, "title": "Clinical trials for COVID-19 should include sex as a variable.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Bischof, Evelyne", "Wolfe, Jeannette", "Klein, Sabra L"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392184", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220829, "title": "Covid-19: what do trainees need to know?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220829", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522216, "title": "Risk management-based security evaluation model for telemedicine systems.", "journal": "BMC Med Inform Decis Mak", "authors": ["Kim, Dong-Won", "Choi, Jin-Young", "Han, Keun-Hee"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infectious diseases that can cause epidemics, such as COVID-19, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV, constitute a major social issue, with healthcare providers fearing secondary, tertiary, and even quaternary infections. To alleviate this problem, telemedicine is increasingly being viewed as an effective means through which patients can be diagnosed and medications prescribed by doctors via untact Thus, concomitant with developments in information and communication technology (ICT), medical institutions have actively analyzed and applied ICT to medical systems to provide optimal medical services. However, with the convergence of these diverse technologies, various risks and security threats have emerged. To protect patients and improve telemedicine quality for patient safety, it is necessary to analyze these risks and security threats comprehensively and institute appropriate countermeasures. The security threats likely to be encountered in each of seven telemedicine service areas were analyzed, and related data were collected directly through on-site surveys by a medical institution. Subsequently, an attack tree, the most popular reliability and risk modeling approach for systematically characterizing the potential risks of telemedicine systems, was examined and utilized with the attack occurrence probability and attack success probability as variables to provide a comprehensive risk assessment method. In this study, the most popular modelling method, an attack tree, was applied to the telemedicine environment, and the security concerns for telemedicine systems were found to be very large. Risk management and evaluation methods suitable for the telemedicine environment were identified, and their benefits and potential limitations were assessed. This research should be beneficial to security experts who wish to investigate the impacts of cybersecurity threats on remote healthcare and researchers who wish to identify new modeling opportunities to apply security risk modeling techniques."}, {"pmid": 32368736, "pmcid": "PMC7193143", "title": "Global rheumatology in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Lewandowski, Laura B", "Hsieh, Evelyn"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368736", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460385, "title": "COVID-19 health restrictions in a transplanted Italian cohort.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Pascale, Marco Maria", "Bianco, Giuseppe", "Ferri, Lorenzo", "Agnes, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460385", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An exponential diffusion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prompted Italian Institutions to take extraordinary healthcare restrictive measures since 8th March 2020, declaring quarantine for COVID-19 (1)."}, {"pmid": 32525695, "title": "Speech-Language Pathology Guidance for Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Multidisciplinary Perspective.", "journal": "Am J Speech Lang Pathol", "authors": ["Zaga, Charissa J", "Pandian, Vinciya", "Brodsky, Martin B", "Wallace, Sarah", "Cameron, Tanis S", "Chao, Caroline", "Orloff, Lisa Ann", "Atkins, Naomi E", "McGrath, Brendan A", "Lazarus, Cathy L", "Vogel, Adam P", "Brenner, Michael J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525695", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose As the COVID-19 pandemic has unfolded, there has been growing recognition of risks to frontline health care workers. When caring for patients with tracheostomy, speech-language pathologists have significant exposure to mucosal surfaces, secretions, and aerosols that may harbor the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This tutorial provides guidance on practices for safely performing patient evaluation and procedures, thereby reducing risk of infection. Method Data were collated through review of literature, guidelines, and consensus statements relating to COVID-19 and similar high-consequent infections, with a focus on mitigating risk of transmission to health care workers. Particular emphasis was placed on speech-language pathologists, nurses, and other allied health professionals. A multinational interdisciplinary team then analyzed findings, arriving at recommendations through consensus via electronic communications and video conference. Results Reports of transmission of infection to health care workers in the current COVID-19 pandemic and previous outbreaks substantiate the need for safe practices. Many procedures routinely performed by speech-language pathologists have a significant risk of infection due to aerosol generation. COVID-19 testing can inform level of protective equipment, and meticulous hygiene can stem spread of nosocomial infection. Modifications to standard clinical practice in tracheostomy are often required. Personal protective equipment, including either powered air-purifying respirator or N95 mask, gloves, goggles, and gown, are needed when performing aerosol-generating procedures in patients with known or suspected COVID-19 infection. Conclusions Speech-language pathologists are often called on to assist in the care of patients with tracheostomy and known or suspected COVID-19 infection. Appropriate care of these patients is predicated on maintaining the health and safety of the health care team. Careful adherence to best practices can significantly reduce risk of infectious transmission."}, {"pmid": 32304561, "title": "Pediatric Endoscopy in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Position Paper.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Walsh, Catharine M", "Fishman, Douglas S", "Lerner, Diana G"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304561", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32235119, "pmcid": "PMC7179526", "title": "Safeguarding the Maintenance Hemodialysis Patient Population during the Coronavirus Disease 19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Blood Purif", "authors": ["Meijers, Bjorn", "Messa, Piergiorgio", "Ronco, Claudio"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization has recognized the pandemic nature of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak. A large proportion of positive patients require hospitalization, while 5-6% of them may need more aggressive therapies in intensive care. Most governments have recommended social separation and severe measures of prevention of further spreading of the epidemic. Because hemodialysis (HD) patients need to access hospital and dialysis center facilities 3 times a week, this category of patients requires special attention. In this editorial, we tried to summarize the experience of our centers that hopefully may contribute to help other centers and colleagues that are facing the coming wave of the epidemic. Special algorithms for COVID-19 spreading in the dialysis population, recommendations for isolation and preventive measures in positive HD patients, and finally directions to manage logistics and personnel are reported. These recommendations should be considered neither universal nor absolute. Instead, they require local adjustments based on geographic location, cultural and social environments, and level of available resources."}, {"pmid": 32386672, "pmcid": "PMC7252185", "title": "The COVID-19 effect: number of patients presenting to The Mid Yorkshire Hospitals OMFS team with dental infections before and during The COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Long, L", "Corsar, K"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386672", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper investigates the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak and closure of dental practices on the frequency and severity of dental infections presenting in our emergency department. We compared the mean number of daily emergency department referrals for dental abscesses in the two weeks prior to and following the Chief Dental Officer's statement advising general dental practitioners to cease routine appointments, the mean number decreased from 1 to 0.37. In contrast, the severity and requirement for admission of these infections rose from 35% to 80%. This highlights the importance of the provision of local urgent dental centres during the COVID-19 outbreak in order to reduce pressure on secondary and tertiary care centres."}, {"pmid": 32391880, "pmcid": "PMC7239137", "title": "Heart Team meetings during COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Wahadat, Ali R", "Sadeghi, Amir H", "Tanis, Wilco"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391880", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440461, "pmcid": "PMC7209870", "title": "Coronavirus and the Responsibility of Plastic Surgeons.", "journal": "Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open", "authors": ["Teven, Chad M", "Rebecca, Alanna"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440461", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32092483, "pmcid": "PMC7106203", "title": "Genetic diversity and evolution of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Phan, Tung"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092483", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a viral respiratory illness caused by a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. The World Health Organization declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak a global public health emergency. We performed genetic analyses of eighty-six complete or near-complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and revealed many mutations and deletions on coding and non-coding regions. These observations provided evidence of the genetic diversity and rapid evolution of this novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32292297, "pmcid": "PMC7141476", "title": "Leading on the Edge of Insanity.", "journal": "Nurse Lead", "authors": ["Trepanier, Sylvain"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292297", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has officially consumed every nurse leader's time and efforts. The purpose of this article is to share early learnings from the west coast of the United States, where the first U.S case was cared for. In this article, I describe the emerging principles allowing us to respond to an unprecedented crisis: Prevent, Protect, and Control. By the time this crisis is over, I do not doubt that we will have additional science and experience to support our frontline nurses and our nurse leaders. That said, I felt it was important to share our expertise in real-time for others to benefit from. I would also point out that writing about what you are feeling is cathartic-I encourage my colleagues to join me in writing about what you are experiencing."}, {"pmid": 32423580, "pmcid": "PMC7190306", "title": "Remdesivir for COVID-19: challenges of underpowered studies.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Norrie, John David"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423580", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516041, "title": "The quest to find an effective vaccine for COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Glasper, Alan"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516041", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, delves into history and discusses the international quest to develop an effective vaccine to tackle COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32413281, "pmcid": "PMC7252153", "title": "Avoiding indirect effects of COVID-19 on maternal and child health.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Menendez, Clara", "Gonzalez, Raquel", "Donnay, France", "Leke, Rose G F"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413281", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298208, "title": "The Application of Mobile Telehealth System to Facilitate Patient Information Presentation and Case Discussion.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Ren, Xiaoyang", "Zhai, Yunkai", "Song, Xiaoqin", "Wang, Zhenbo", "Dou, Dongwei", "Li, Yuhong"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298208", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    \n                        Background:\n                    \n                    Most secondary transmission of COVID-19 is occurring in a hospital setting. To decrease person-to-person contact, health care providers have built many isolation wards. However, out-of-hospital professionals cannot access patient information, which has greatly reduced the efficiency of treatment; it is inconvenient for health care professionals to issue a case discussion with professionals from other wards. This article mainly introduces a mobile telehealth system (MTS) applied to facilitate patient information presentation and case discussion.\n                    \n                        Materials and Methods:\n                    \n                    The MTS searches patient information, which is stored in hospital intranet, and uses five modules to display patient information. By a request/response module and a real-time interaction module, we successfully conducted case discussions. In addition, we took measures in three areas to prevent patient information leakage.\n                    \n                        Results:\n                    \n                    The system uses mobile collaboration technology to present patient information and support case discussion. MTS was officially launched for 37 days, during which it has been used 3,061 times.\n                    \n                        Conclusions:\n                    \n                    The building of the MTS not only provides convenience and benefit for health care professionals, but also reduces person-to-person contact.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32302395, "pmcid": "PMC7188108", "title": "Rapid Development of Telehealth Capabilities within Pediatric Patient Portal Infrastructure for COVID-19 Care: Barriers, Solutions, Results.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Patel, Pious D", "Cobb, Jared", "Wright, Deidre", "Turer, Rob", "Jordan, Tiffany", "Humphrey, Amber", "Kepner, Adrienne L", "Smith, Gaye", "Rosenbloom, S Trent"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302395", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 national emergency has led to surging care demand and the need for unprecedented telehealth expansion. Rapid telehealth expansion can be especially complex for pediatric patients. From the experience of a large academic medical center, this report describes a pathway for efficiently increasing capacity of remote pediatric enrollment for telehealth while fulfilling privacy, security, and convenience concerns. The design and implementation of the process took two days. Weekly enrollment subsequently increased 10-fold for children (age 0-12 years) and 1.2-fold for adolescents (age 13-17 years). Weekly telehealth visits increased 200-fold for children and 90-fold for adolescents. The obstacles and solutions presented in this report can provide guidance to health systems for similar challenges during the COVID-19 response and future disasters."}, {"pmid": 32266987, "pmcid": "PMC7262211", "title": "Corticosteroid treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Zha, Lei", "Li, Shirong", "Pan, Lingling", "Tefsen, Boris", "Li, Yeshan", "French, Neil", "Chen, Liyun", "Yang, Gang", "Villanueva, Elmer V"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266987", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Observational study in the two COVID-19-designated hospitals in Wuhu, Anhui province, China, 24 January - 24 February 2020. Thirty-one patients infected with the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) treated at the two designated hospitals. Virus clearance time, length of hospital stay, and duration of symptoms, by treatment type (including or not including corticosteroid therapy). Eleven of 31 patients with COVID-19 received corticosteroid treatment. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated no association between corticosteroid treatment and virus clearance time (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% CI, 0.58-2.74), hospital length of stay (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.33-1.78), or duration of symptoms (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.40-1.83). Univariate analysis indicated that virus clearance was slower in two patients with chronic hepatitis B infections (mean difference, 10.6 days; 95% CI, 6.2-15.1 days). Corticosteroids are widely used when treating patients with COVID-19, but we found no association between therapy and outcomes in patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome. An existing HBV infection may delay SARS-CoV-2 clearance, and this association should be further investigated."}, {"pmid": 32514230, "pmcid": "PMC7268587", "title": "The COVID-19 response must integrate people living with HIV needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Mali.", "journal": "Trop Med Health", "authors": ["Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis", "Yattassaye, Adam", "Bourrelly, Michel", "Dembele Keita, Bintou", "Spire, Bruno"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first COVID-19 cases in Mali were reported almost 1 month after the first case in the African continent. However, the outbreak continues to spread faster there than in other countries which, along with Mali, successfully tackled the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Africa. Given this context, specific actions targeting people living with HIV (PLWH) are needed to reinforce prevention. Community-based involvement is crucial to ensure continuity of care and treatment for PLWH. Furthermore, the health of frontline healthcare workers must take priority in any actions taken. The long-established trustful relationship between NGOs and PLWH in Mali is indispensable to disseminate key messages about COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32319131, "pmcid": "PMC7264500", "title": "Successful containment of Covid-19 outbreak in a large maternity and perinatal center while continuing clinical service.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Kabesch, Michael", "Roth, Samra", "Brandstetter, Susanne", "Hausler, Sebastian", "Juraschko, Eva", "Weigl, Marco", "Wellmann, Sven", "Lang, Thomas", "Schmidt, Barbara", "Salzberger, Bernd", "Ambrosch, Andreas"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319131", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With increasing number of SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 patients to be taken care of by the health system, more and more health workers become affected by the disease. It has been reported that right from the beginning of the outbreak in Lombardy up to 20% of the doctors and nurses became infected. Under these circumstances, the regular operation of health institutions already suffering from a shortage of staff becomes difficult. This has led to complete or partial shutdowns of hospitals, either due to a lack of uninfected personnel or because of uncontrollable chains of infection endangering patients. In one of the largest university perinatal center in Bavaria with more than 3000 births per year, an outbreak of COVID-19 occurred in March 2020, affecting 36 staff members, including doctors, nurses, and midwives. Here, we describe the outbreak and present the measures contributing to the successful containment of the outbreak within three weeks. At the same time, clinical services could be maintained, however, not without deployment of personnel exposed to employees infected with SARS-CoV-2. Apart from massive testing of personnel in pre-defined phases and increased hygiene measures, including a general obligation to wear surgical face masks, we identified the need to monitor cases of illness across all groups of employees, to ensure social distancing within personnel and to evaluate contacts of clinical personnel outside of the hospital environment, in order to be able to interpret chains of infections and to disrupt them. Overall, only a bundle of measures is needed to contain such an outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32415876, "title": "Optimizing telemedicine to facilitate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical trials.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Govindarajan, Raghav", "Berry, James D", "Paganoni, Sabrina", "Pulley, Michael T", "Simmons, Zachary"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415876", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has the largest drug pipeline among neuromuscular diseases, with over 160 companies actively involved in ALS research. There is a growing need to recruit trial participants, but ALS patients often have limited mobility and most ALS trials are conducted in a small number of major centers. These factors effectively limit patient participation, particularly for those in rural areas. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated the more widespread use of telemedicine technology for clinical care, and has prompted consideration of its increased use for clinical trials. In this opinion piece, we describe the current state of telemedicine for recruitment, consenting, and screening of participants for clinical trials. We also summarize the available data on remote administration of outcome measures. Current challenges include validation of outcome measures for remote assessment, as well as technological, regulatory, and licensure barriers."}, {"pmid": 32428207, "title": "Longitudinal Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG Seropositivity to Detect COVID-19.", "journal": "J Appl Lab Med", "authors": ["Suhandynata, Raymond T", "Hoffman, Melissa A", "Kelner, Michael J", "McLawhon, Ronald W", "Reed, Sharon L", "Fitzgerald, Robert L"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428207", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a novel beta-coronavirus that has recently emerged as the cause of the 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based tests are optimal and recommended for the diagnosis of an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serology tests for viral antibodies provide an important tool to diagnose previous exposure to the virus. Here we evaluate the analytical performance parameters of the Diazyme SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG serology assays and describe the kinetics of IgM and IgG seroconversion observed in patients with PCR confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to our hospital. We validated the performance of the Diazyme assay in 235 subjects to determine specificity. Subsequently, we evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG seroconversion of 54 PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients and determined sensitivity of the assay at three different timeframes. Sensitivity and specificity for detecting seropositivity at\u2009\u2265\u200915 days following a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result, was 100.0% and 98.7% when assaying for the panel of IgM and IgG. The median time to seropositivity observed for a reactive IgM and IgG result from the date of a positive PCR was 5 days (IQR: 2.75-9 days) and 4 days (IQR: 2.75-6.75 days), respectively. Our data demonstrates that the Diazyme IgM/IgG assays are suited for the purpose of detecting SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM in patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infections. For the first time, we report longitudinal data showing the evolution of seroconversion for both IgG and IgM in a cohort of acutely ill patients in the United States. We also demonstrate a low false positive rate in patients who were presumed to be disease free."}, {"pmid": 32474331, "pmcid": "PMC7247969", "title": "Corticosteroids and the hyper-inflammatory phase of the COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Taboada, Manuel", "Caruezo, Valentin", "Naveira, Alberto", "Atanassoff, Peter G"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474331", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352650, "pmcid": "PMC7267304", "title": "Zooming Towards a Telehealth Solution for Vulnerable Children with Obesity During COVID-19.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Woo Baidal, Jennifer A", "Chang, Jane", "Hulse, Emma", "Turetsky, Robyn", "Parkinson, Kristina", "Rausch, John C"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352650", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health inequities exist throughout the life course, resulting in racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in obesity and obesity-related health complications. Obesity and its comorbidities appear to be linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality. Approaches to reduce obesity in the time of COVID-19 closures are urgently needed and should start early in life. In New York City, a telehealth pediatric weight-management collaborative spanning NewYork-Presbyterian, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Weill Cornell Medicine was developed during COVID-19 with show rates from 76% to 89%. To stave off the impending exacerbation of health disparities related to obesity risk factors in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, effective interventions that can be delivered remotely are urgently needed among vulnerable children with obesity. Challenges in digital technology access, social and linguistic differences, privacy security, and reimbursement must be overcome to realize the full potential of telehealth for pediatric weight management among low-income and racial/ethnic-minority children."}, {"pmid": 32145275, "pmcid": "PMC7094472", "title": "Procalcitonin in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A meta-analysis.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145275", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32102793, "title": "Covid-19: Italy confirms 11 deaths as cases spread from north.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32102793", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213480, "title": "Covid-19: how to be careful with trust and expertise on social media.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Llewellyn, Sue"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213480", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255437, "pmcid": "PMC7240239", "title": "Radiographic and Clinical Features of Children With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Li, Bo", "Shen, Jie", "Li, Liang", "Yu, Chengxin"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255437", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to investigate chest computed tomography (CT) findings in children with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia in our hospital. This study included 22 pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 from January to March, 2020. The chest CT images and clinical data were reviewed. The most prevalent presenting symptoms were fever (64%) and cough (59%), and a mildly elevated mean (SD) C-reactive protein (CRP) level of 11.22(11.06) and erythrocyte sedimentation rateof 18.8(15.17) were detected. The major CT abnormalities observed were mixed ground-glass opacity and consolidation lesions (36%), consolidations (32%), and ground-glass opacities (14%). Peripheral distribution (45%) of lung lesions was predominant. Most of the lesions were multilobar(68%), with an average of three lung segments involved. Children with COVID-19 had relatively milder symptoms and less severe lung inflammation than adults. Chest CT plays an important role in the management of children with COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32161091, "title": "Covid-19: Trump proposes tax cuts and improved health insurance, but millions are not covered.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161091", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395100, "pmcid": "PMC7206509", "title": "COVID-19 lockdown and the tobacco product ban in South Africa.", "journal": "Tob Induc Dis", "authors": ["Egbe, Catherine O", "Ngobese, Senamile P"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395100", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374920, "pmcid": "PMC7267656", "title": "Viscoelastic testing in COVID-19: a possible screening tool for severe disease?", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Raval, Jay S", "Burnett, Allison E", "Rollins-Raval, Marian A", "Griggs, Joseph R", "Rosenbaum, Lizabeth", "Nielsen, Nathan D", "Harkins, Michelle S"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374920", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348053, "title": "[Psychiatry in the time of pandemic : forging new ways without getting lost].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Michaud, Laurent", "Stiefel, Friedrich", "Gasser, Jacques"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348053", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus pandemic challenges mental health care providers in different ways. At an individual level, they have to adapt their clinical practice and consider specific issues of teleconsultations to address patient's needs. At a population level, dedicated interventions (e.g. hotlines, health professionals' support) have to strike a balance between \u00ab\u2005pathologizing\u2005\u00bb people's reactions and trivializing the psychological effects of a pandemic. Finally, psychiatric leaders must be able to advise decision-makers on mental-health policy and communication."}, {"pmid": 32411566, "pmcid": "PMC7219014", "title": "Nifedipine and Amlodipine Are Associated With Improved Mortality and Decreased Risk for Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation in Elderly Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Solaimanzadeh, Isaac"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411566", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (CCB) are typically used agents in the clinical management of hypertension. Yet, they have also been utilized in the treatment of various pulmonary disorders with vasoconstriction.\u00a0Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been implicated in the development of vasoconstrictive, proinflammatory, and pro-oxidative effects. A retrospective review was conducted on CCB use in hospitalized patients in search of any difference in outcomes related to specific endpoints: survival to discharge and progression of disease leading to intubation and mechanical ventilation. The electronic medical records for all patients that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 that were at or above the age of 65 and that expired or survived to discharge from a community hospital in Brooklyn, NY, between the start of the public health crisis due to the viral disease up until April 13, 2020, were included. Of the 77 patients that were identified, 18 survived until discharge and 59 expired. Seven patients from the expired group were excluded since they died within one day of presentation to the hospital. Five patients were excluded from the expired group since their age was above that of the eldest patient in the survival group (89 years old). With 65 patients left, 24 were found to have been administered either amlodipine or nifedipine (CCB group) and 41 were not (No-CCB group). Patients treated with a CCB were significantly more likely to survive than those not treated with a CCB:\u00a012 (50%) survived and 12 expired in the CCB group vs. six (14.6%) that survived and 35 (85.4%) that expired in the No-CCB treatment group (P<.01;\u00a0p=0.0036). CCB patients were also significantly less likely to undergo intubation and mechanical ventilation. Only one patient (4.2%) was intubated in the CCB group whereas 16 (39.0%) were intubated in the No-CCB treatment group (P<.01; p=0.0026). Nifedipine and amlodipine were found to be associated with significantly improved mortality and a decreased risk for intubation and mechanical ventilation in elderly patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Further clinical studies are warranted. Including either nifedipine or amlodipine in medication regimens for elderly patients with hypertension hospitalized for COVID-19 may be considered."}, {"pmid": 32473504, "pmcid": "PMC7247986", "title": "Strategy of using personal protective equipment during aerosol generating medical procedures with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Zhang, Mingzhu", "Zheng, Hui", "Wang, Jingping"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473504", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409316, "title": "Cerebrovascular Disease in COVID-19.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Goldberg, Michael F", "Goldberg, Morton F", "Cerejo, R", "Tayal, A H"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409316", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a pandemic originating in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Early reports suggest that there are neurologic manifestations of COVID-19, including acute cerebrovascular disease. We report a case of COVID-19 with acute ischemic stroke. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of COVID-19-related cerebral infarcts that includes brain imaging at multiple time points and CT angiography. There is a growing body of published evidence that complications of COVID-19 are not limited to the pulmonary system. Neuroradiologists should be aware of a wide range of neurologic manifestations, including cerebrovascular disease."}, {"pmid": 32525852, "title": "Knowledge and Practices Regarding Safe Household Cleaning and Disinfection for COVID-19 Prevention - United States, May 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Gharpure, Radhika", "Hunter, Candis M", "Schnall, Amy H", "Barrett, Catherine E", "Kirby, Amy E", "Kunz, Jasen", "Berling, Kirsten", "Mercante, Jeffrey W", "Murphy, Jennifer L", "Garcia-Williams, Amanda G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525852", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent report described a sharp increase in calls to poison centers related to exposures to cleaners and disinfectants since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (1). However, data describing cleaning and disinfection practices within household settings in the United States are limited, particularly concerning those practices intended to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. To provide contextual and behavioral insight into the reported increase in poison center calls and to inform timely and relevant prevention strategies, an opt-in Internet panel survey of 502 U.S. adults was conducted in May 2020 to characterize knowledge and practices regarding household cleaning and disinfection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowledge gaps were identified in several areas, including safe preparation of cleaning and disinfectant solutions, use of recommended personal protective equipment when using cleaners and disinfectants, and safe storage of hand sanitizers, cleaners, and disinfectants. Thirty-nine percent of respondents reported engaging in nonrecommended high-risk practices with the intent of preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission, such as washing food products with bleach, applying household cleaning or disinfectant products to bare skin, and intentionally inhaling or ingesting these products. Respondents who engaged in high-risk practices more frequently reported an adverse health effect that they believed was a result of using cleaners or disinfectants than did those who did not report engaging in these practices. Public messaging should continue to emphasize evidence-based, safe practices such as hand hygiene and recommended cleaning and disinfection of high-touch surfaces to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in household settings (2). Messaging should also emphasize avoidance of high-risk practices such as unsafe preparation of cleaning and disinfectant solutions, use of bleach on food products, application of household cleaning and disinfectant products to skin, and inhalation or ingestion of cleaners and disinfectants."}, {"pmid": 32420615, "title": "Dynamic relationship between D-dimer and COVID-19 severity.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Li, Yong", "Zhao, Kun", "Wei, Hongcheng", "Chen, Wensen", "Wang, Wei", "Jia, Ling", "Liu, Qiongfang", "Zhang, Jinpeng", "Shan, Tao", "Peng, Zhihang", "Liu, Yun", "Yan, Xiaoxiang"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420615", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530582, "title": "COVID-19 in Care Home Settings.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Yahya, Ahmed Saeed", "Khawaja, Shakil"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530582", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423579, "pmcid": "PMC7251990", "title": "[Pediatric ophthalmology consultations during COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Speeg-Schatz, C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423579", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412556, "pmcid": "PMC7221372", "title": "Characterization of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of uncertainties, mitigation strategies, and underreporting of cases in South Korea, Italy, and Brazil.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Reis, Ruy Freitas", "de Melo Quintela, Barbara", "de Oliveira Campos, Joventino", "Gomes, Johnny Moreira", "Rocha, Bernardo Martins", "Lobosco, Marcelo", "Dos Santos, Rodrigo Weber"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412556", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Brazil", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By April 7th, 2020, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected one and a half million people worldwide, accounting for over 80 thousand of deaths in 209 countries and territories around the world. The new and fast dynamics of the pandemic are challenging the health systems of different countries. In the absence of vaccines or effective treatments, mitigation policies, such as social isolation and lock-down of cities, have been adopted, but the results vary among different countries. Some countries were able to control the disease at the moment, as is the case of South Korea. Others, like Italy, are now experiencing the peak of the pandemic. Finally, countries with emerging economies and social issues, like Brazil, are in the initial phase of the pandemic. In this work, we use mathematical models with time-dependent coefficients, techniques of inverse and forward uncertainty quantification, and sensitivity analysis to characterize essential aspects of the COVID-19 in the three countries mentioned above. The model parameters estimated for South Korea revealed effective social distancing and isolation policies, border control, and a high number in the percentage of reported cases. In contrast, underreporting of cases was estimated to be very high in Brazil and Italy. In addition, the model estimated a poor isolation policy at the moment in Brazil, with a reduction of contact around 40%, whereas Italy and South Korea estimated numbers for contact reduction are at 75% and 90%, respectively. This characterization of the COVID-19, in these different countries under different scenarios and phases of the pandemic, supports the importance of mitigation policies, such as social distancing. In addition, it raises serious concerns for socially and economically fragile countries, where underreporting poses additional challenges to the management of the COVID-19 pandemic by significantly increasing the uncertainties regarding its dynamics."}, {"pmid": 32294229, "pmcid": "PMC7262173", "title": "COVID-19 vaginal delivery - A case report.", "journal": "Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol", "authors": ["Lowe, Belinda", "Bopp, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294229", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus termed SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a major public health challenge. Many maternity units around the country are currently considering management protocols for these patients. We report a case from a tertiary Australian hospital describing an uncomplicated vaginal birth in a COVID-19 positive mother. To our knowledge this is also the first case described of a mother with COVID-19 not separated from her infant. Management provided supports the current Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and World Health Organization guidelines suggesting that it is possible to consider rooming in post-delivery for COVID-19 positive parents. Encouragement of breastfeeding appears possible and safe when viral precautions are observed."}, {"pmid": 32196391, "pmcid": "PMC7140977", "title": "Telehealth for global emergencies: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Telemed Telecare", "authors": ["Smith, Anthony C", "Thomas, Emma", "Snoswell, Centaine L", "Haydon, Helen", "Mehrotra, Ateev", "Clemensen, Jane", "Caffery, Liam J"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196391", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is again reminding us of the importance of using telehealth to deliver care, especially as means of reducing the risk of cross-contamination caused by close contact. For telehealth to be effective as part of an emergency response it first needs to become a routinely used part of our health system. Hence, it is time to step back and ask why telehealth is not mainstreamed. In this article, we highlight key requirements for this to occur. Strategies to ensure that telehealth is used regularly in acute, post-acute and emergency situations, alongside conventional service delivery methods, include flexible funding arrangements, training and accrediting our health workforce. Telehealth uptake also requires a significant change in management effort and the redesign of existing models of care. Implementing telehealth proactively rather than reactively is more likely to generate greater benefits in the long-term, and help with the everyday (and emergency) challenges in healthcare."}, {"pmid": 32030925, "pmcid": "PMC7008073", "title": "The First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Imported into Korea from Wuhan, China: Implication for Infection Prevention and Control Measures.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Jin Yong", "Choe, Pyoeng Gyun", "Oh, Yoonju", "Oh, Kyung Joong", "Kim, Jinsil", "Park, So Jeong", "Park, Ji Hye", "Na, Hye Kyoung", "Oh, Myoung Don"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32030925", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a viral pneumonia outbreak caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), began in Wuhan, China. We report the epidemiological and clinical features of the first patient with 2019-nCoV pneumonia imported into Korea from Wuhan. This report suggests that in the early phase of 2019-nCoV pneumonia, chest radiography would miss patients with pneumonia and highlights taking travel history is of paramount importance for early detection and isolation of 2019-nCoV cases."}, {"pmid": 32222346, "pmcid": "PMC7270570", "title": "Corrigendum to \"Traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 treatment\" [Pharmacol. Res. 155 (2020) 104743].", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Ren, Jun-Ling", "Zhang, Ai-Hua", "Wang, Xi-Jun"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222346", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469243, "title": "Critical Review of the Literature on Chest CT and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Data Adjustment.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Sekine, Tetsuro"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469243", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484907, "title": "Prevalence of Venous Thromboembolism in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Hippensteel, Joseph A", "Burnham, Ellen L", "Jolley, Sarah E"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484907", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in January 2020 (1, 2). It has become apparent that coagulopathy is a hallmark of the disease (3, 4). Additionally, thrombotic complications, including venous thromboembolism (VTE), have been reported to occur in 27-69% of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 (5-9). As a result of these reports and other anecdotal evidence, many critically ill patients are receiving empiric therapeutic anticoagulation. Yet, experts generally recommend against the use of therapeutic anticoagulation prior to the development of VTE or another clinical indication (4, 10, 11)."}, {"pmid": 32492258, "title": "Proactive measures for the pandemic COVID-19 infection in outpatient clinics of Otolaryngology Department.", "journal": "Kaohsiung J Med Sci", "authors": ["Chien, Chen-Yu", "Wu, Jeng-Yih", "Wang, Ling-Feng"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492258", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487260, "pmcid": "PMC7266425", "title": "Precision medicine for COVID-19: a call for better clinical trials.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Shrestha, Gentle Sunder", "Paneru, Hem Raj", "Vincent, Jean-Louis"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487260", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380010, "pmcid": "PMC7196892", "title": "Will environmental changes in temperature affect the course of COVID-19?", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Del Rio, Carlos", "Camacho-Ortiz, Adrian"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380010", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the outbreak has reached every region of the world, it is undeniable that countries in the southern hemisphere seem to be less affected, where cases have been reported, these have been imported and travel related. We analyzed the climate temperature from various regions according to their current ongoing human-to-human transmission status. We studied 3 groups; Group 1, 10 provinces from China with majority of COVID-19 cases; Group 2, areas where continuous horizontal transmission outside of China had been reported; and group 3, areas where imported cases had been detected and no horizontal transmission had been documented after at least seven days since the first case was reported. The regions without ongoing human-to-human transmission showed significantly higher temperatures when compared to China and countries with ongoing human-to-human transmission, with over an 11-degree difference. The average rainfall during the study period was significantly higher in those regions without OHHT when compared to the Chinese provinces with ongoing human-to-human transmission and the regions with active transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Our findings show statistically significant differences between regions with ongoing human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 cases compared to those regions without horizontal transmission. This phenomenon could have implications in the behavior of the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak in the following months."}, {"pmid": 32412328, "title": "The challenging battle of mankind against COVID-19 outbreak: Is this global international biological catastrophe the beginning of a new era?", "journal": "J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)", "authors": ["Doral, Mahmut Nedim", "Bilge, Onur"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412328", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344276, "pmcid": "PMC7177057", "title": "COVID-19 and anosmia in Tehran, Iran.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Gilani, Sapideh", "Roditi, Rachel", "Naraghi, Mohsen"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344276", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with acute olfactory disorders typically present to the otolaryngologist with both acute hyposmia and less often with anosmia. With the onset of COVID-19 we have noticed an increase in the number of patients who have presented with new onset of complete smell loss to the senior author's practice in Tehran, Iran. This anosmia and the frequency with which patients present is highly unusual. Coronaviruses have been known to cause common cold symptoms. COVID-19 infections have been described as causing more severe respiratory infections and the symptoms reported by authors from Wuhan, China have not specifically included anosmia. We describe patients who have presented during a two-week period of the COVID-19 pandemic with complete loss of sense of smell. Most had either no symptoms or mild respiratory symptoms. Many had a normal otolaryngologic exam. A relationship between COVID-19 and anosmia should be considered during the pandemic. We hypothesize that the mechanism of injury is similar to that of other coronavirus infections that cause central and peripheral neurologic deficits."}, {"pmid": 32442427, "pmcid": "PMC7201228", "title": "ACR Statement on Safe Resumption of Routine Radiology Care During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Davenport, Matthew S", "Bruno, Michael A", "Iyer, Ramesh S", "Johnson, Amirh M", "Herrera, Ramses", "Nicola, Gregory N", "Ortiz, Daniel", "Pedrosa, Ivan", "Policeni, Bruno", "Recht, Michael P", "Willis, Marc", "Zuley, Margarita L", "Weinstein, Stefanie"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442427", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ACR recognizes that radiology practices are grappling with when and how to safely resume routine radiology care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although it is unclear how long the pandemic will last, it may persist for many months. Throughout this time, it will be important to perform safe, comprehensive, and effective care for patients with and patients without COVID-19, recognizing that asymptomatic transmission is common with this disease. Local idiosyncrasies prevent a single prescriptive strategy. However, general considerations can be applied to most practice environments. A comprehensive strategy will include consideration of local COVID-19 statistics; availability of personal protective equipment (PPE); local, state, and federal government mandates; institutional regulatory guidance; local safety measures; health care worker availability; patient and health care worker risk factors; factors specific to the indication(s) for radiology care; and examination or procedure acuity. An accurate risk-benefit analysis of postponing versus performing a given routine radiology examination or procedure often is not possible due to many unknown and complex factors. However, this is the overriding principle: If the risk of illness or death to a health care worker or patient from health care-acquired COVID-19 is greater than the risk of illness or death from delaying radiology care, the care should be delayed; however, if the opposite is true, the radiology care should proceed in a timely fashion."}, {"pmid": 32278889, "pmcid": "PMC7139250", "title": "First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Mamun, Mohammed A", "Griffiths, Mark D"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278889", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315229, "title": "COVID-19 and the CRISPR Community Response.", "journal": "CRISPR J", "authors": ["Davies, Kevin", "Barrangou, Rodolphe"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315229", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381734, "title": "Sampling bias and incorrect rooting make phylogenetic network tracing of SARS-COV-2 infections unreliable.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Mavian, Carla", "Pond, Sergei Kosakovsky", "Marini, Simone", "Magalis, Brittany Rife", "Vandamme, Anne-Mieke", "Dellicour, Simon", "Scarpino, Samuel V", "Houldcroft, Charlotte", "Villabona-Arenas, Julian", "Paisie, Taylor K", "Trovao, Nidia S", "Boucher, Christina", "Zhang, Yun", "Scheuermann, Richard H", "Gascuel, Olivier", "Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk", "Suchard, Marc A", "Abecasis, Ana", "Wilkinson, Eduan", "de Oliveira, Tulio", "Bento, Ana I", "Schmidt, Heiko A", "Martin, Darren", "Hadfield, James", "Faria, Nuno", "Grubaugh, Nathan D", "Neher, Richard A", "Baele, Guy", "Lemey, Philippe", "Stadler, Tanja", "Albert, Jan", "Crandall, Keith A", "Leitner, Thomas", "Stamatakis, Alexandros", "Prosperi, Mattia", "Salemi, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381734", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212578, "title": "Chest CT Findings in a Pregnant Patient with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease", "journal": "Balkan Med J", "authors": ["Liao, Xinggui", "Yang, Huan", "Kong, Junfeng", "Yang, Hongbing"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212578", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335628, "title": "Air Medical Evacuation of Nepalese Citizen During Epidemic of COVID-19 from Wuhan to Nepal.", "journal": "JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc", "authors": ["Rajbhandari, Bibek", "Phuyal, Naveen", "Shrestha, Bikal", "Thapa, Moon"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335628", "countries": ["China", "India", "Nepal", "Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the world was disrupted by the news of a new strain of virus known as Novel Corona virus, taking lives of many in China. Wuhan, the capital of Central China's Hubei province is said to be the place where the outbreak started. The city went on a lockdown as the disease spread rapidly. After the lockdown, most countries like India and Bangladesh airlifted their citizens who were studying in Wuhan. Similarly, Nepal also has many youth studying medicine in Wuhan. Pleas for help from the students reached the government. This was a first encounter of such experience for Nepal government. With the help of Health Emergency Organizing committee, Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Nepal Army Hospital, Nepal Police Hospital, Waste Management team, Nepal Ambulance service, Tribhuwan Airport and Royal Airlines the government of Nepal planned, organized and successfully brought back all the 175 students on 15 the February, 2019 from Wuhan, China. The aim of the present article is to share the experience, the challenges faced and recommendations for future similar cases. Keywords: evacuation; Nepal; Novel Corona virus; Wuhan."}, {"pmid": 32493466, "pmcid": "PMC7268586", "title": "Real-time monitoring the transmission potential of COVID-19 in Singapore, March 2020.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Tariq, Amna", "Lee, Yiseul", "Roosa, Kimberlyn", "Blumberg, Seth", "Yan, Ping", "Ma, Stefan", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493466", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 31, 2020, the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic that started in China in December 2019 is now generating local transmission around the world. The geographic heterogeneity and associated intervention strategies highlight the need to monitor in real time the transmission potential of COVID-19. Singapore provides a unique case example for monitoring transmission, as there have been multiple disease clusters, yet transmission remains relatively continued. Here we estimate the effective reproduction number, Rt, of COVID-19 in Singapore from the publicly available daily case series of imported and autochthonous cases by date of symptoms onset, after adjusting the local cases for reporting delays as of March 17, 2020. We also derive the reproduction number from the distribution of cluster sizes using a branching process analysis that accounts for truncation of case counts. The local incidence curve displays sub-exponential growth dynamics, with the reproduction number following a declining trend and reaching an estimate at 0.7 (95% CI 0.3, 1.0) during the first transmission wave by February 14, 2020, while the overall R based on the cluster size distribution as of March 17, 2020, was estimated at 0.6 (95% CI 0.4, 1.02). The overall mean reporting delay was estimated at 6.4\u2009days (95% CI 5.8, 6.9), but it was shorter among imported cases compared to local cases (mean 4.3 vs. 7.6\u2009days, Wilcoxon test, p\u2009<\u20090.001). The trajectory of the reproduction number in Singapore underscores the significant effects of successful containment efforts in Singapore, but it also suggests the need to sustain social distancing and active case finding efforts to stomp out all active chains of transmission."}, {"pmid": 32383092, "pmcid": "PMC7205478", "title": "Perfusion SPECT/CT to diagnose pulmonary embolism during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Lu, Yang", "Macapinlac, Homer A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383092", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242116, "title": "African nations missing from coronavirus trials.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Roussi, Antoaneta", "Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242116", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217607, "title": "Covid-19: what treatments are being investigated?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217607", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298134, "title": "Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With COVID-19: Implications From Clinical Features to Pathologic Findings.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Zhou, Xin", "Li, Yongle", "Yang, Qing"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298134", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526193, "title": "Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Carsana, Luca", "Sonzogni, Aurelio", "Nasr, Ahmed", "Rossi, Roberta Simona", "Pellegrinelli, Alessandro", "Zerbi, Pietro", "Rech, Roberto", "Colombo, Riccardo", "Antinori, Spinello", "Corbellino, Mario", "Galli, Massimo", "Catena, Emanuele", "Tosoni, Antonella", "Gianatti, Andrea", "Nebuloni, Manuela"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526193", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is characterised by respiratory symptoms, which deteriorate into respiratory failure in a substantial proportion of cases, requiring intensive care in up to a third of patients admitted to hospital. Analysis of the pathological features in the lung tissues of patients who have died with COVID-19 could help us to understand the disease pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. We systematically analysed lung tissue samples from 38 patients who died from COVID-19 in two hospitals in northern Italy between Feb 29 and March 24, 2020. The most representative areas identified at macroscopic examination were selected, and tissue blocks (median seven, range five to nine) were taken from each lung and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for at least 48 h. Tissues were assessed with use of haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining for inflammatory infiltrate and cellular components (including staining with antibodies against CD68, CD3, CD45, CD61, TTF1, p40, and Ki-67), and electron microscopy to identify virion localisation. All cases showed features of the exudative and proliferative phases of diffuse alveolar damage, which included capillary congestion (in all cases), necrosis of pneumocytes (in all cases), hyaline membranes (in 33 cases), interstitial and intra-alveolar oedema (in 37 cases), type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia (in all cases), squamous metaplasia with atypia (in 21 cases), and platelet-fibrin thrombi (in 33 cases). The inflammatory infiltrate, observed in all cases, was largely composed of macrophages in the alveolar lumina (in 24 cases) and lymphocytes in the interstitium (in 31 cases). Electron microscopy revealed that viral particles were predominantly located in the pneumocytes. The predominant pattern of lung lesions in patients with COVID-19 patients is diffuse alveolar damage, as described in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses. Hyaline membrane formation and pneumocyte atypical hyperplasia are frequent. Importantly, the presence of platelet-fibrin thrombi in small arterial vessels is consistent with coagulopathy, which appears to be common in patients with COVID-19 and should be one of the main targets of therapy. None."}, {"pmid": 32447571, "pmcid": "PMC7245191", "title": "The Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2 or n-COV19), the Cause of COVID-19.", "journal": "Protein J", "authors": ["Yoshimoto, Francis K"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447571", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The devastating effects of the recent global pandemic (termed COVID-19 for \"coronavirus disease 2019\") caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) are paramount with new cases and deaths growing at an exponential rate. In order to provide a better understanding of SARS CoV-2, this article will review the proteins found in the SARS CoV-2 that caused this global pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32439072, "pmcid": "PMC7252174", "title": "Obesity as a risk factor for poor outcome in COVID-19-induced lung injury: the potential role of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Memtsoudis, Stavros G", "Ivascu, Natalia S", "Pryor, Kane O", "Goldstein, Peter A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439072", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345635, "title": "Covid-19: benefit for death in service may not go far enough, warns BMA.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345635", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511724, "title": "COVID-19: from epidemiology to treatment.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Pericas, J M", "Hernandez-Meneses, M", "Sheahan, T P", "Quintana, E", "Ambrosioni, J", "Sandoval, E", "Falces, C", "Marcos, M A", "Tuset, M", "Vilella, A", "Moreno, A", "Miro, J M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511724", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the daily clinical practice of cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons. Preparedness of health workers and health services is crucial to tackle the enormous challenge posed by SARS-CoV-2 in wards, operating theatres, intensive care units, and interventionist laboratories. This Clinical Review provides an overview of COVID-19 and focuses on relevant aspects on prevention and management for specialists within the cardiovascular field."}, {"pmid": 32306625, "title": "[Suggestions for prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in medical staff of otolaryngology head and neck surgery].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xu, K", "Lai, X Q", "Liu, Z"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306625", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211789, "pmcid": "PMC7184333", "title": "The first locally acquired novel case of 2019-nCoV infection in a healthcare worker in the Paris area.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Klement, Elise", "Godefroy, Nagisa", "Burrel, Sonia", "Kornblum, Dimitri", "Monsel, Gentiane", "Bleibtreu, Alexandre", "Marcelin, Anne-Genevieve", "Calvez, Vincent", "Caumes, Eric", "Boutolleau, David", "Pourcher, Valerie"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211789", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371442, "title": "Children are not COVID-19 super spreaders: time to go back to school.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Munro, Alasdair P S", "Faust, Saul N"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371442", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483978, "title": "Feasibility and Preliminary Results of Effectiveness of Social Media-based Intervention on the Psychological Well-being of Suspected COVID-19 Cases during Quarantine.", "journal": "Can J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Zhou, Lepeng", "Xie, Ri-Hua", "Yang, Xiaoxian", "Zhang, Sumin", "Li, Difei", "Zhang, Yinglan", "Liu, Jingping", "Pakhale, Smita", "Krewski, Daniel", "Wen, Shi Wu"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483978", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438331, "pmcid": "PMC7205616", "title": "Diabetes and metabolic syndrome as risk factors for COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Marhl, Marko", "Grubelnik, Vladimir", "Magdic, Marsa", "Markovic, Rene"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438331", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical evidence exists that patients with diabetes are at higher risk for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated the physiological origins of this clinical observation linking diabetes with severity and adverse outcome of COVID-19. Publication mining was applied to reveal common physiological contexts in which diabetes and COVID-19 have been investigated simultaneously. Overall, we have acquired 1,121,078 publications from PubMed in the time span between 01-01-2000 and 17-04-2020, and extracted knowledge graphs interconnecting the topics related to diabetes and COVID-19. The Data Mining revealed three pathophysiological pathways linking diabetes and COVID-19. The first pathway indicates a higher risk for COVID-19 because of a dysregulation of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The other two important physiological links between diabetes and COVID-19 are liver dysfunction and chronic systemic inflammation. A deep network analysis has suggested clinical biomarkers predicting the higher risk: Hypertension, elevated serum Alanine aminotransferase, high Interleukin-6, and low Lymphocytes count. The revealed biomarkers can be applied directly in clinical practice. For newly infected patients, the medical history needs to be checked for evidence of a long-term, chronic dysregulation of these biomarkers. In particular, patients with diabetes, but also those with prediabetic state, deserve special attention."}, {"pmid": 32460133, "pmcid": "PMC7217119", "title": "Considerations for interactions of drugs used for the treatment of COVID-19 with anti-cancer treatments.", "journal": "Crit Rev Oncol Hematol", "authors": ["Jafari, Anya", "Dadkhahfar, Sahar", "Perseh, Sahra"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460133", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV2 infection is an emerging issue worldwide. Cancer patient are at increased risk of infection compared to general population. On the other hand, these patients are at major risk of drug interactions caused by renal and hepatic impairment background. Because of the long-term use of chemotherapy drugs, drug interactions are important in these patients especially with SARS-CoV2 treatments now. This paper is review of reported drug interactions of current treatments for COVID-19 and anticancer agents."}, {"pmid": 32472685, "title": "Ventilated Upper Airway Endoscopic Endonasal Procedure Mask: Surgical Safety in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)", "authors": ["Helman, Samuel N", "Soriano, Roberto M", "Tomov, Martin L", "Serpooshan, Vahid", "Levy, Joshua M", "Pradilla, Gustavo", "Solares, C Arturo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 poses a risk to the endoscopic skull base surgeon. Significant efforts to improving safety have been employed, including the use of personal protective equipment, preoperative COVID-19 testing, and recently the use of a modified surgical mask barrier. To reduce the risks of pathogen transmission during endoscopic skull base surgery. This study was exempt from Institutional Review Board approval. Our study utilizes a 3-dimensional (3D)-printed mask with an anterior aperture fitted with a surgical glove with ports designed to allow for surgical instrumentation and side ports to accommodate suction ventilation and an endotracheal tube. As an alternative, a modified laparoscopic surgery trocar served as a port for instruments, and, on the contralateral side, rubber tubing was used over the endoscrub endosheath to create an airtight seal. Surgical freedom and aerosolization were tested in both modalities. The ventilated mask allowed for excellent surgical maneuverability and freedom. The trocar system was effective for posterior surgical procedures, allowing access to critical paramedian structures, and afforded a superior surgical seal, but was limited in terms of visualization and maneuverability during anterior approaches. Aerosolization was reduced using both the mask and nasal trocar. The ventilated upper airway endoscopic procedure mask allows for a sealed surgical barrier during endoscopic skull base surgery and may play a critical role in advancing skull base surgery in the COVID-19 era. The nasal trocar may be a useful alternative in instances where 3D printing is not available. Additional studies are needed to validate these preliminary findings."}, {"pmid": 32372573, "title": "Encountering COVID-19 as Endocrinologists.", "journal": "Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)", "authors": ["Rhee, Eun Jung", "Kim, Jung Hee", "Moon, Sun Joon", "Lee, Won Young"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372573", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is entering an era of disaster and chaos due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Since its first emergence in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 has swept through Asia and propagated throughout the world to Europe and North America. As of April 13, 1,773,084 people were infected and 111,652 people had died from COVID-19 globally, and new record levels of infection are being reported every day. Based on the data that have been amassed so far, the primary risk factors for a severe disease course or even mortality from COVID-19 are underlying diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. As the global prevalence of diabetes continues to increase, patients with endocrine diseases such as diabetes mellitus and those who are on long-term corticosteroid therapy due to adrenal insufficiency or hypopituitarism are at risk for a poor prognosis of COVID-19. As endocrinologists, we would like to briefly review the current knowledge about the relationship between COVID-19 and endocrine diseases and to discuss what we can do for the safety and health of our patients with endocrine diseases in this globally threatening situation."}, {"pmid": 32362491, "pmcid": "PMC7271084", "title": "Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses: (Trends in Immunology 41, 355-359; 2020).", "journal": "Trends Immunol", "authors": ["Jiang, Shibo", "Hillyer, Christopher", "Du, Lanying"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362491", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459918, "title": "Long-Term Care Policy after Covid-19 - Solving the Nursing Home Crisis.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Werner, Rachel M", "Hoffman, Allison K", "Coe, Norma B"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459918", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446285, "title": "A Guide to COVID-19: a global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "FEBS J", "authors": ["Atzrodt, Cassandra L", "Maknojia, Insha", "McCarthy, Robert D P", "Oldfield, Tiara M", "Po, Jonathan", "Ta, Kenny T L", "Stepp, Hannah E", "Clements, Thomas P"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446285", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 strain of the human coronavirus has thrown the world into the midst of a new pandemic. In the human body, the virus causes COVID-19, a disease characterized by shortness of breath, fever, and pneumonia, which can be fatal in vulnerable individuals. SARS-CoV-2 has characteristics of past human coronaviruses, with close genomic similarities to SARS-CoV, the virus that causes the disease SARS. Like these related coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through the inhalation of droplets and interaction with contaminated surfaces. Across the world, laboratories are developing candidate vaccines for the virus - with vaccine trials underway in the US and the United Kingdom - and considering various drugs for possible treatments and prophylaxis. Here, we provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing its virology, epidemiology, and modes of transmission while examining the current progress of testing procedures and possible treatments through drugs and vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32197096, "pmcid": "PMC7195406", "title": "COVID-19 in pregnant women - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Baud, David", "Giannoni, Eric", "Pomar, Leo", "Qi, Xiaolong", "Nielsen-Saines, Karin", "Musso, Didier", "Favre, Guillaume"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197096", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319439, "title": "[CoViD-19 and chronic diseases: current knowledge, future steps and the MaCroScopio project.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Martini, Nello", "Piccinni, Carlo", "Pedrini, Antonella", "Maggioni, Aldo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319439", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chronicity and comorbidity influence the risk of CoViD-19 infection and the course of the disease. Epidemiological data and studies performed show different rates of chronic diseases and multimorbidity among patients affected by CoViD-19 in the various countries and areas, but they consistently stress their impact on CoViD-19 infection. In order to protect chronic and frail patients, the Italian Medicines Agency has taken measures to extend the therapeutic plans and monitoring registers; hopefully, therapeutic plans for antidiabetics, drugs for respiratory diseases and oral anticoagulant drugs will be abolished since they do not offer any additional advantage in terms of appropriateness and traceability of outcomes. The MaCroScopio project (Observatory on Chronic Diseases), regarding the CoViD-19 emergency, has started a new research path to foster the integration of the administrative data flows with the CoViD-19 Registers for planning and research purposes in the context of chronicity, as well as to evaluate the economic and organizational impact of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32470198, "title": "Clinical differentiation of anticoagulant and non-anticoagulant properties of heparin.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Thachil, Jecko"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470198", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I thank Lindahl and Li for their thoughtful comments on the non-anticoagulant properties of heparin.1 Heightened awareness of hypercoagulability has made heparin part and parcel of the COVID-19 management algorithms. In addition, reports of prophylactic anticoagulation failure have triggered several trials where escalated doses of heparin are compared with standard doses with the aim of preventing thrombotic complications. At this juncture, we do need to consider where do the non-anticoagulant properties of heparin fit in the COVID-19 clinical context?"}, {"pmid": 32402687, "pmcid": "PMC7184002", "title": "Pulmonary infarction secondary to pulmonary thromboembolism in COVID-19 diagnosed with dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Marsico, Salvatore", "Espallargas Gimenez, Irene", "Carbullanca Toledo, Santiago Javier", "Del Carpio Bellido, Luis Alexandre", "Maiques Llacer, Jose Maria", "Zuccarino, Flavio"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402687", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268457, "pmcid": "PMC7142007", "title": "Academic Community's Efforts to Guide the Fight Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic in Korea.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Cho, Sung-Il"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268457", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498114, "title": "Service learning and COVID-19 - what the future might look like?", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Beaman, Adam", "Davidson, Patricia M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498114", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217986, "pmcid": "PMC7199770", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus and awareness.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217986", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269068, "pmcid": "PMC7164390", "title": "Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS-coronavirus 2.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Shi, Jianzhong", "Wen, Zhiyuan", "Zhong, Gongxun", "Yang, Huanliang", "Wang, Chong", "Huang, Baoying", "Liu, Renqiang", "He, Xijun", "Shuai, Lei", "Sun, Ziruo", "Zhao, Yubo", "Liu, Peipei", "Liang, Libin", "Cui, Pengfei", "Wang, Jinliang", "Zhang, Xianfeng", "Guan, Yuntao", "Tan, Wenjie", "Wu, Guizhen", "Chen, Hualan", "Bu, Zhigao"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269068", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the infectious disease COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), which was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Despite extensive efforts to control the disease, COVID-19 has now spread to more than 100 countries and caused a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is thought to have originated in bats; however, the intermediate animal sources of the virus are unknown. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of ferrets and animals in close contact with humans to SARS-CoV-2. We found that SARS-CoV-2 replicates poorly in dogs, pigs, chickens, and ducks, but ferrets and cats are permissive to infection. Additionally, cats are susceptible to airborne transmission. Our study provides insights into the animal models for SARS-CoV-2 and animal management for COVID-19 control."}, {"pmid": 32433531, "title": "Antimicrobial resistance in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Microbiol", "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433531", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444942, "pmcid": "PMC7243430", "title": "Are patients with Down syndrome vulnerable to life-threatening COVID-19?", "journal": "Acta Neurol Belg", "authors": ["De Cauwer, Harald", "Spaepen, Ann"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444942", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with Down syndrome are at increased risk of respiratory syncytial virus- and H1N1-related death. Literature on COVID-19 in Down syndrome patients is unavailable thus far. We describe the clinical course of 4 patients with Down syndrome during an outbreak of COVID-19. In all four patients, disease course was severe, warranting hospital care in three patients, with fatal outcome in one patient. Another patient receives supportive care in our institution. Our case series is the first report on probable increased risk of life-threatening disease course of COVID-19 in patients with Down syndrome. Proper surveillance, the adherence of social distancing, and the use of personal protective equipment will be essential in reducing morbidity and mortality in our patients."}, {"pmid": 32281335, "title": "[Research progress of intervention of Chinese herbal medicine and its active components on human coronavirus].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Yu-Shi", "Cong, Wei-Hong", "Zhang, Jing-Jing", "Guo, Fei-Fei", "Li, Hong-Mei"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281335", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak caused by 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) is still spreading, posing a great threat to the safety and health of general population. However, there have not been any effective drugs for treatment, with symptomatic treatment and prevention prevailing. The treatment plans of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS) are often used for reference in clinic. The advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in treating SARS and MERS are that it can intervene and block the progression of disease in early stage, significantly reduce symptoms, shorten the treatment duration of patients, reduce complications and side effects caused by hormone therapy. The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) belongs to the category of TCM epidemic diseases. Chinese patent medicines and prescriptions in medical observation and clinical treatment were recommended in the &quot;pneumonia diagnosis and treatment plan for new coronavirus infection&quot;(trial version fifth) of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Qingfei Paidu Decotion was recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. TCM shows good clinical efficacy and great potential in the treatment of COVID-19. Previous studies of TCM have shown broad-spectrum antiviral activity, providing a variety of sources for the discovery of new antiviral drugs. In this paper, we reviewed traditional Chinese medicines and its active ingredients in the hope of bringing novel inspirations to the drug screening and clinical treatment for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32507570, "title": "Acute myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Besler, Muhammed Said", "Arslan, Halil"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507570", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present the case of a 20-year-old male patient without previous history of cardiovascular disease who was admitted to our hospital with a new onset febrile sensation and chest pain. Chest computed tomography revealed a subpleural consolidation with a halo of ground-glass opacification. Blood tests revealed elevated levels of markers of myocyte necrosis (troponin I and creatine kinase-MB). Nasopharyngeal swab was positive for COVID-19. Cardiac MRI showed myocardial edema and late gadolinium enhancement compatible with myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection. This case showed that acute myocarditis can be the initial presentation of patients with COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32399454, "pmcid": "PMC7213832", "title": "Transient ST Segment Elevation in Two Patients with COVID-19 and a Normal Transthoracic Echocardiogram.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Asif, Talal", "Ali, Zafar"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399454", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We continue to learn about cardiac involvement in patients with COVID-19. These patients can develop acute coronary syndrome and severe myocarditis with a reduced ejection fraction. We describe two critically ill COVID-19 patients who developed ST elevation that resolved on repeat ECG without any intervention. ST elevation may occur in critically ill COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32497776, "pmcid": "PMC7263214", "title": "Ethnic disparities in hospitalisation for COVID-19 in England: The role of socioeconomic factors, mental health, and inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factors in a community-based cohort study.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Lassale, Camille", "Gaye, Bamba", "Hamer, Mark", "Gale, Catharine R", "Batty, G David"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497776", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Differentials in COVID-19 hospitalisations and mortality according to ethnicity have been reported but their origin is uncertain. We examined the role of socioeconomic, mental health, and pro-inflammatory factors in a community-based sample. We used data on 340,966 men and women (mean age 56.2\u00a0years) from the UK Biobank study, a prospective cohort study with linkage to hospitalisation for COVID-19. Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between ethnicity and hospitalisation for COVID-19. There were 640 COVID-19 cases (571/324,306 White, 31/4,485 Black, 21/5,732 Asian, 17/5,803 Other). Compared to the White study members and after adjusting for age and sex, Black individuals had over a 4-fold increased risk of COVID-19 infection (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval: 4.32; 3.00-6.23), and there was a doubling of risk in the Asian group (2.12; 1.37, 3.28) and the 'other' non-white group (1.84; 1.13, 2.99). After controlling for potential explanatory factors which included neighbourhood deprivation, household crowding, smoking, body size, inflammation, glycated haemoglobin, and mental illness, these effect estimates were attenuated by 33% for Blacks, 52% for Asians and 43% for Other, but remained raised for Blacks (2.66; 1.82, 3.91), Asian (1.43; 0.91, 2.26) and other non-white groups (1.41; 0.87, 2.31). There were clear ethnic differences in risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation and these do not appear to be fully explained by measured factors. If replicated, our results have implications for health policy, including the targeting of prevention advice and vaccination coverage."}, {"pmid": 32475830, "title": "Treatment adherence of patients with systemic rheumatic diseases in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Fragoulis, George E", "Evangelatos, Gerasimos", "Arida, Aikaterini", "Bournia, Vasiliki-Kalliopi", "Fragiadaki, Kalliopi", "Karamanakos, Anastasios", "Kravvariti, Evrydiki", "Laskari, Katerina", "Panopoulos, Stylianos", "Pappa, Maria", "Tektonidou, Maria G", "Sfikakis, Petros P"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475830", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253754, "title": "Special Issues on Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment for telemedicine Assessment During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Phillips, Natalie A", "Chertkow, Howard", "Pichora-Fuller, M Kathleen", "Wittich, Walter"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253754", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530030, "title": "Plastic Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Space, Equipment, Expertise Approach.", "journal": "Aesthet Surg J", "authors": ["Wu, Mengfan", "Wang, Jing", "Panayi, Adriana C"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530030", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359223, "pmcid": "PMC7267609", "title": "COVID-19: impact on colorectal surgery.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Wexner, S D", "Cortes-Guiral, D", "Gilshtein, H", "Kent, I", "Reymond, M A"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359223", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges for the medical and surgical healthcare systems. With the ongoing need for urgent and emergency colorectal surgery, including surgery for colorectal cancer, several questions pertaining to operating room (OR) utilization and techniques needed to be rapidly addressed. This manuscript discusses knowledge related to the critical considerations of patient and caregiver safety relating to personal protective equipment (PPE) and the operating room environment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, additional personal protective equipment (PPE) may be required contingent upon local availability of COVID-19 testing and the incidence of known COVID-19 infection in the respective community. In addition to standard COVID-19 PPE precautions, a negative-pressure environment, including an OR, has been recommended, especially for the performance of aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs). Hospital spaces ranging from patient wards to ORs to endoscopy rooms have been successfully converted from standard positive-pressure to negative-pressure spaces. Another important consideration is the method of surgical access; specifically, minimally invasive surgery with pneumoperitoneum is an AGP and thus must be carefully considered. Current debate centres around whether it should be avoided in patients known to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 or whether it can be performed under precautions with safety measures in place to minimize exposure to aerosolized virus particles. Several important lessons learned from pressurized intraperitoneal aerosolized chemotherapy procedures are demonstrated to help improve our understanding and management. This paper evaluates the issues surrounding these challenges including the OR environment and AGPs which are germane to surgical practices around the world. Although there is no single universally agreed upon set of answers, we have presented what we think is a balanced cogent description of logical safe approaches to colorectal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32226962, "title": "COVID-19 in a Patient Presenting with Syncope and a Normal Chest X-ray.", "journal": "R I Med J (2013)", "authors": ["Tape, Chantal", "Byrd, Katrina M", "Aung, Su", "Lonks, John R", "Flanigan, Timothy P", "Rybak, Natasha R"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226962", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus that has now affected hundreds of thousands of individuals across the world. Amidst this global pandemic, maintaining a high index of suspicion, rapid testing capacity, and infection control measures are required to curtail the virus' rapid spread. While fever and respiratory symptoms have been commonly used to identify COVID-19 suspects, we present an elderly female who arrived to the hospital after a syncopal episode. She was afebrile with a normal chest X-ray and there was no suspicion of COVID-19. She then developed a fever and tested positive for COVID-19. Our unique case underscores the increasing diversity of COVID-19 presentations and potential for initial mis- diagnosis and delay in implementing proper precautions."}, {"pmid": 32167180, "pmcid": "PMC7228400", "title": "The establishment of reference sequence for SARS-CoV-2 and variation analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Changtai", "Liu, Zhongping", "Chen, Zixiang", "Huang, Xin", "Xu, Mengyuan", "He, Tengfei", "Zhang, Zhenhua"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167180", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Starting around December 2019, an epidemic of pneumonia, which was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization, broke out in Wuhan, China, and is spreading throughout the world. A new coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses was soon found to be the cause. At present, the sensitivity of clinical nucleic acid detection is limited, and it is still unclear whether it is related to genetic variation. In this study, we retrieved 95 full-length genomic sequences of SARAS-CoV-2 strains from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and GISAID databases, established the reference sequence by conducting multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses, and analyzed sequence variations along the SARS-CoV-2 genome. The homology among all viral strains was generally high, among them, 99.99% (99.91%-100%) at the nucleotide level and 99.99% (99.79%-100%) at the amino acid level. Although overall variation in open-reading frame (ORF) regions is low, 13 variation sites in 1a, 1b, S, 3a, M, 8, and N regions were identified, among which positions nt28144 in ORF 8 and nt8782 in ORF 1a showed mutation rate of 30.53% (29/95) and 29.47% (28/95), respectively. These findings suggested that there may be selective mutations in SARS-COV-2, and it is necessary to avoid certain regions when designing primers and probes. Establishment of the reference sequence for SARS-CoV-2 could benefit not only biological study of this virus but also diagnosis, clinical monitoring and intervention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the future."}, {"pmid": 32444270, "pmcid": "PMC7195092", "title": "Considerations for ventilator triage during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Feinstein, Max M", "Niforatos, Joshua D", "Hyun, Insoo", "Cunningham, Thomas V", "Reynolds, Alexandra", "Brodie, Daniel", "Levine, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444270", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171754, "title": "Washing our hands of the problem.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Lynch, Chris", "Mahida, Nikunj", "Oppenheim, Beryl", "Gray, Jim"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171754", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201338, "pmcid": "PMC7156210", "title": "Lack of SARS-CoV-2 RNA environmental contamination in a tertiary referral hospital for infectious diseases in Northern Italy.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Colaneri, Marta", "Seminari, Elena", "Piralla, Antonio", "Zuccaro, Valentina", "Filippo, Alessandro Di", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Mondelli, Mario U"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201338", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362392, "pmcid": "PMC7102567", "title": "Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of heart transplant recipients during the 2019 coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China: A descriptive survey report.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Ren, Zong-Li", "Hu, Rui", "Wang, Zhi-Wei", "Zhang, Min", "Ruan, Yong-Le", "Wu, Zhi-Yong", "Wu, Hong-Bing", "Hu, Xiao-Ping", "Hu, Zhi-Peng", "Ren, Wei", "Li, Luo-Cheng", "Dai, Fei-Feng", "Liu, Huan", "Cai, Xin"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362392", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of heart transplant (HTx) recipients during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic remains unclear. We studied the characteristics of HTx recipients from December 20, 2019, to February 25, 2020, in an effort to understand their risk and outcomes. All accessible HTx recipients were included in this single-center retrospective study. We collected information on the recipients using a web-based questionnaire as well as the hospital database. We followed 87 HTx recipients (72.4% were men, and the average age was 51 years). A total of 79 recipients resided in Hubei, and 57 recipients had a Wuhan-related history of travel or contact. Most took precautionary measures while in contact with suspicious crowds, and 96.6% of the families and communities undertook prevention and quarantine procedures. Four upper airway infections were reported, and 3 of them tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (the fourth recovered and was not tested). All cases were mild and successfully recovered after proper treatment. Laboratory results of 47 HTx cases within the last 2 months were extracted. Of these, 21.3% of recipients had pre-existing lymphopenia, and 87.2% of recipients had a therapeutic concentration of tacrolimus (5-12 ng/ml). Liver and kidney insufficiency was seen in 5 and 6 recipients, respectively. HTx recipients who practiced appropriate prevention measures had a low rate of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and transition to the associated disease COVID-19. These early data will require confirmation as the pandemic establishes around the world."}, {"pmid": 32475746, "pmcid": "PMC7242972", "title": "Reply to Vincenzo Ficarra, Giuseppe Mucciardi, and Gianluca Giannarini's Letter to the Editor re: Riccardo Campi, Daniele Amparore, Umberto Capitanio, et al. Assessing the Burden of Nondeferrable Major Uro-oncologic Surgery to Guide Prioritisation Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from Three Italian High-volume Referral Centres. Eur Urol. In Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.054.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Campi, Riccardo", "Amparore, Daniele", "Capitanio, Umberto", "Checcucci, Enrico", "Salonia, Andrea", "Fiori, Cristian", "Minervini, Andrea", "Briganti, Alberto", "Carini, Marco", "Montorsi, Francesco", "Serni, Sergio", "Porpiglia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475746", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426071, "pmcid": "PMC7233201", "title": "Online Neuroanatomy Education and Its Role During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Lockdown.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Hall, Samuel", "Border, Scott"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426071", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473113, "pmcid": "PMC7255168", "title": "Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic in Paris, France: a population-based, observational study.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Marijon, Eloi", "Karam, Nicole", "Jost, Daniel", "Perrot, David", "Frattini, Benoit", "Derkenne, Clement", "Sharifzadehgan, Ardalan", "Waldmann, Victor", "Beganton, Frankie", "Narayanan, Kumar", "Lafont, Antoine", "Bougouin, Wulfran", "Jouven, Xavier"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473113", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although mortality due to COVID-19 is, for the most part, robustly tracked, its indirect effect at the population level through lockdown, lifestyle changes, and reorganisation of health-care systems has not been evaluated. We aimed to assess the incidence and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in an urban region during the pandemic, compared with non-pandemic periods. We did a population-based, observational study using data for non-traumatic OHCA (N=30\u2008768), systematically collected since May 15, 2011, in Paris and its suburbs, France, using the Paris Fire Brigade database, together with in-hospital data. We evaluated OHCA incidence and outcomes over a 6-week period during the pandemic in adult inhabitants of the study area. Comparing the 521 OHCAs of the pandemic period (March 16 to April 26, 2020) to the mean of the 3052 total of the same weeks in the non-pandemic period (weeks 12-17, 2012-19), the maximum weekly OHCA incidence increased from 13\u00b742 (95% CI 12\u00b777-14\u00b707) to 26\u00b764 (25\u00b772-27\u00b753) per million inhabitants (p<0\u00b70001), before returning to normal in the final weeks of the pandemic period. Although patient demographics did not change substantially during the pandemic compared with the non-pandemic period (mean age 69\u00b77 years [SD 17] vs 68\u00b75 [18], 334 males [64\u00b74%] vs 1826 [59\u00b79%]), there was a higher rate of OHCA at home (460 [90\u00b72%] vs 2336 [76\u00b78%]; p<0\u00b70001), less bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (239 [47\u00b78%] vs 1165 [63\u00b79%]; p<0\u00b70001) and shockable rhythm (46 [9\u00b72%] vs 472 [19\u00b71%]; p<0\u00b70001), and longer delays to intervention (median 10\u00b74 min [IQR 8\u00b74-13\u00b78] vs 9\u00b74 min [7\u00b79-12\u00b76]; p<0\u00b70001). The proportion of patients who had an OHCA and were admitted alive decreased from 22\u00b78% to 12\u00b78% (p<0\u00b70001) in the pandemic period. After adjustment for potential confounders, the pandemic period remained significantly associated with lower survival rate at hospital admission (odds ratio 0\u00b736, 95% CI 0\u00b724-0\u00b752; p<0\u00b70001). COVID-19 infection, confirmed or suspected, accounted for approximately a third of the increase in OHCA incidence during the pandemic. A transient two-times increase in OHCA incidence, coupled with a reduction in survival, was observed during the specified time period of the pandemic when compared with the equivalent time period in previous years with no pandemic. Although this result might be partly related to COVID-19 infections, indirect effects associated with lockdown and adjustment of health-care services to the pandemic are probable. Therefore, these factors should be taken into account when considering mortality data and public health strategies. The French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)."}, {"pmid": 32077933, "pmcid": "PMC7108487", "title": "Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and the Importance of Diagnostic Testing: Why Partnership between Clinical Laboratories, Public Health Agencies, and Industry Is Essential to Control the Outbreak.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Binnicker, Matthew J"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077933", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352575, "pmcid": "PMC7267316", "title": "Comment on \"The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chigr, Fatiha", "Merzouki, Mohamed", "Najimi, Mohamed"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352575", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have read with great care and interest the article by Li\u00a0et al The authors provide interesting elements with respect to the possible entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at the brain area and plead for an implication of the central nervous system\u00a0in respiratory problems linked to coronavirus disease. Here we provide additional elements that support those observations, notably the role of brainstem structures located in the medulla oblongata in modulating respiration. We also discussed the possible pathways the virus uses to cross the brain blood barrier and reach the brainstem."}, {"pmid": 32393453, "title": "Death in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Thomas, George"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393453", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lockdown of the country, imposed by the government of India, has resulted in additional suffering for the poor without any tangible benefit. The germ theory of disease is an important contribution to human welfare. However, disease has social determinants. Responses to infectious epidemics should be based on social conditions, not only from considerations of equity, but also because they are important for success. Advice from the World Health Organisation has to be tailored to the social realities in India. Current response by the government of India has confined the poor to ghettos. They have lost the means of livelihood without a proper social security net. It is not possible for them to practise social distancing or proper hygiene. The lockdown has the effect of making conditions worse for the poor. Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, resource allocation, social origins of disease, unplanned lockdown, diversion of resources, lack of social security."}, {"pmid": 32358817, "pmcid": "PMC7267654", "title": "Dramatic improvement after tocilizumab of severe COVID-19 in a child with sickle cell disease and acute chest syndrome.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Odievre, Marie-Helene", "de Marcellus, Charles", "Ducou Le Pointe, Hubert", "Allali, Slimane", "Romain, Anne-Sophie", "Youn, Jenny", "Taytard, Jessica", "Nathan, Nadia", "Corvol, Harriet"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358817", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266947, "title": "Public Health and Ethics Intersect at New Levels With Gerontological Nursing in COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gerontol Nurs", "authors": ["Young, Heather M", "Fick, Donna M"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266947", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348046, "title": "[Rheumatology and COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Dumusc, Alexandre", "Dan, Diana"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348046", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current pandemic implies changes in patient care in rheumatology to reduce the risk of coronavirus transmission to patients visiting health-care facilities, by organizing less frequent blood tests, using teleconsultations, and switching from intravenous to subcutaneous drug administration. Patients under immunosuppressive treatment are considered at high risk of severe outcome and are protected accordingly by the Swiss authorities. However, current, scarce scientific evidence suggests that patients under immunosuppressive therapy do not necessarily develop severe COVID-19 presentations. Therefore, the current guidelines recommend pursuing the treatment throughout the pandemic. In case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, immunosuppressive drugs should be temporarily stopped, except for glucocorticoids, hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine."}, {"pmid": 32362365, "pmcid": "PMC7174190", "title": "About the scientific letter 'Suspected acute abdomen as an extrapulmonary manifestation of COVID-19 infection'.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Pardo Aranda, Fernando"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362365", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437232, "title": "Viral Induced Genetics Revealed by Multi-Dimensional Precision Medicine Transcriptional Workflow Applicable to COVID-19.", "journal": "Physiol Genomics", "authors": ["Prokop, Jeremy W", "Shankar, Rama", "Gupta, Ruchir", "Leimanis, Mara L", "Nedveck, Derek", "Uhl, Katie", "Chen, Bin", "Hartog, Nicholas L", "Van Veen, Jason", "Sisco, Joshua S", "Sirpilla, Olivia", "Lydic, Todd A", "Boville, Brian", "Hernandez, Angel", "Braunreiter, Chi", "Kuk, ChiuYing C", "Singh, Varinder", "Mills, Joshua", "Wegener, Marc", "Adams, Marie", "Rhodes, Mary", "Bachmann, Andre S", "Pan, Wenjing", "Byrne-Steele, Miranda L", "Smith, D Casey", "Depinet, Mollye", "Brown, Brittany E", "Eisenhower, Mary", "Han, Jian", "Haw, Marcus", "Madura, Casey", "Sanfilippo, Dominic J", "Seaver, Laurie H", "Bupp, Caleb", "Rajasekaran, Surender"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437232", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Precision medicine requires the translation of basic biological understanding to medical insights, mainly applied to characterization of each unique patient. In many clinical settings, this requires tools that can be broadly used to identify pathology and risks. Patients often present to the intensive care unit with broad phenotypes, including multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) resulting from infection, trauma, or other disease processes. Etiology and outcomes are unique to individuals, making it difficult to cohort patients with MODS, but presenting a prime target for testing/developing tools for precision medicine. Using multitime point whole blood (cellular/acellular) total transcriptomics in 27 patients, we highlight the promise of simultaneously mapping viral/bacterial load, cell composition, tissue damage biomarkers, balance between syndromic biology versus environmental response, and unique biological insights in each patient using a single platform measurement. Integration of a transcriptome workflow yielded unexpected insights into the complex interplay between host genetics and viral/bacterial specific mechanisms, highlighted by a unique case of virally induced genetics (VIG) within one of these 27 patients. The power of RNA-Seq to study unique patient biology while investigating environmental contributions can be a critical tool moving forward for translational sciences applied to precision medicine."}, {"pmid": 32369666, "title": "Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Middeldorp, Saskia", "Coppens, Michiel", "van Haaps, Thijs F", "Foppen, Merijn", "Vlaar, Alexander P", "Muller, Marcella C A", "Bouman, Catherine C S", "Beenen, Ludo F M", "Kootte, Ruud S", "Heijmans, Jarom", "Smits, Loek P", "Bonta, Peter I", "van Es, Nick"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369666", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to\u00a0systemic\u00a0coagulation activation and thrombotic complications. We investigated the incidence of objectively confirmed venous thromboembolism (VTE) in 198 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a single-center cohort study. Seventy-five patients (38%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). At time of data collection, 16 (8%) were still hospitalized and 19% had died. During a median follow-up of 7 days (IQR, 3-13), 39 patients (20%) were diagnosed with VTE of whom 25 (13%) had symptomatic VTE, despite routine thrombosis prophylaxis. The cumulative incidences of VTE at 7, 14 and 21 days were 16% (95% CI, 10-22), 33% (95% CI, 23-43) and 42% (95% CI 30-54) respectively. For symptomatic VTE, these were 10% (95% CI, 5.8-16), 21% (95% CI, 14-30) and 25% (95% CI 16-36). VTE appeared to be associated with death (adjusted HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.02-5.5). The cumulative incidence of VTE was higher in the ICU (26% (95% CI, 17-37), 47% (95% CI, 34-58), and 59% (95% CI, 42-72) at 7, 14 and 21 days) than on the wards (any VTE and symptomatic VTE 5.8% (95% CI, 1.4-15), 9.2% (95% CI, 2.6-21), and 9.2% (2.6-21) at 7, 14, and 21 days). The observed risk for VTE in COVID-19 is high, particularly in ICU patients, which should lead to a high level of clinical suspicion and low threshold for diagnostic imaging for DVT or PE. Future research should focus on optimal diagnostic and prophylactic strategies to prevent VTE and potentially improve survival."}, {"pmid": 32488896, "title": "French West Indies castaway children as a result of the covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Rambaud, J", "Flechelle, O"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488896", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I read with interest the submission of Haward et al. (1) dealing with the pediatrical ethics issues during this Covid-19 outbreak. I was particularly sensitive to the chapter dedicated to neonatal which highlighted very clearly the indirect consequences of this pandemic on the paediatric population. I would like to insist on the situation in the West Indies. The numbers of adult's vital distress sharply increase the need for intensive care beds. Even the great majority of pediatric intensive care units have provided equipment and staff to support the adult units (2)."}, {"pmid": 32338353, "title": "2020 - the year of the nurse and midwife: a call for action to scale up and strengthen the nursing and midwifery workforce in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.", "journal": "East Mediterr Health J", "authors": ["Al-Mandhari, Ahmed", "Gedik, F Gulin", "Mataria, Awad", "Oweis, Arwa", "Hajjeh, Rana"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338353", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared 2020 as the Year of the Nurse and the Midwife. World Health Day on 7 April is dedicated to supporting nurses and midwives and highlights the central role of these professions in advancing universal health coverage, achieving health-related sustainable development goals, and the Eastern Mediterranean Region Vision 2023: Health for All by All. This year, we sadly mark World Health Day in the face of the devastating COVID-19 pandemic, which has brought to attention more than ever the crucial and invaluable role of health workers, who are working tirelessly day and night to care for patients and save lives. In fighting COVID-19, not only might they become infected and put their own lives at risk, but they also face distress and burnout because of long working hours. In addition, many health workers have to be away from their homes for prolonged periods, for fear of putting their own families at risk of acquiring the infection. Even before the pandemic, the safety and security of health workers in the Eastern Mediterranean Region has been a significant concern, as more than half of the countries of the Region face acute and protracted crises, and 70- 80% of total recorded attacks on health facilities globally occur in the Eastern Mediterranean Region."}, {"pmid": 32267732, "title": "Considerations for Drug Interactions on QTc in Exploratory COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Treatment.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Roden, Dan M", "Harrington, Robert A", "Poppas, Athena", "Russo, Andrea M"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267732", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512083, "title": "Shining a Light on the Pathogenicity of Health Care Providers' Mobile Phones: Use of a Novel Ultraviolet-C Wave Disinfection Device.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Malhotra, Sanchi", "Wlodarczyk, Jordan", "Kuo, Christopher", "Ngo, Catherine", "Glucoft, Marisa", "Sumulong, Ivan", "Smit, Michael A", "Bender, Jeffrey M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512083", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mobile phones are known to carry pathogenic bacteria and viruses on their surfaces, posing a risk to healthcare providers (HCPs) and hospital infection prevention efforts. We utilize an Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) device to provide an effective method for mobile phone disinfection and survey HCPs about infection risk. Environmental swabs were used to culture HCPs' personal mobile phone surfaces. Four cultures were obtained per phone: before and after the UV-C device's 30-second disinfecting cycle, at the beginning and end of a 12-hour shift. Surveys were administered to participants pre- and post-study. Total bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) were reduced by 90.5% (p=0.006) after one UV-C disinfection cycle, and by 99.9% (p=0.004) after two cycles. Total pathogenic bacterial CFUs were decreased by 98.2% (p=0.038) after one and >99.99% (p=0.037) after two disinfection cycles. All survey respondents were willing to use the UV-C device daily to weekly, finding it convenient and beneficial. This novel UV-C disinfecting device is effective in reducing pathogenic bacteria on mobile phones. HCPs would frequently use a phone disinfecting device to reduce infection risk. In light of the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, a standardized approach to phone disinfection may be valuable in preventing healthcare-associated infections."}, {"pmid": 32403201, "pmcid": "PMC7273012", "title": "Increased severity of COVID-19 in people with obesity: are we overlooking plausible biological mechanisms?", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Tibirica, Eduardo", "De Lorenzo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403201", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The relationship between obesity and more severe disease in patients with COVID-19 is intriguing. Recent articles published in Obesity (1-3) discuss the possible effects of increased proinflammatory cytokines and disturbances of lung function in people with obesity, but we believe that they overlook an important player in this scenario, which is endothelial dysfunction."}, {"pmid": 32389755, "pmcid": "PMC7205699", "title": "Advocacy to provide good quality oncology services during the COVID-19 pandemic - Actions at 3-levels.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Lee, Anne W M", "Xu, Zhi-Yuan", "Lin, Lily", "Xu, Joy", "Yang, Jin", "Lee, Eric", "Hui, Tim", "Cheung, Jacob"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389755", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a devastating catastrophe to the whole world, China is the first country seriously affected. This review shows that it is possible to stop wide-spread infection in the country and to provide good quality oncology services even during this challenging period, through concerted efforts with well-organized actions at all levels (National/Municipal, Hospital and Department). The key strategies leading to successful impacts are summarized for sharing. In addition to making practice changes to cope with the adverse realities, oncologists should also work together to raise pragmatic suggestions to policy makers and be strong advocates to protect our patients from the detrimental effect of delay or compromised treatment."}, {"pmid": 32330899, "pmcid": "PMC7179964", "title": "Editorial. Impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgery resident research training.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Clark, Victoria E"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330899", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32081636, "pmcid": "PMC7127800", "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Lai, Chih-Cheng", "Shih, Tzu-Ping", "Ko, Wen-Chien", "Tang, Hung-Jen", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32081636", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 has caused a large global outbreak and is a major public health issue. As of 11 February 2020, data from the World Health Organization (WHO) have shown that more than 43 000 confirmed cases have been identified in 28 countries/regions, with >99% of cases being detected in China. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as the sixth public health emergency of international concern. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21. It is spread by human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact, and infection has been estimated to have mean incubation period of 6.4 days and a basic reproduction number of 2.24-3.58. Among patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus pneumonia or Wuhan pneumonia), fever was the most common symptom, followed by cough. Bilateral lung involvement with ground-glass opacity was the most common finding from computed tomography images of the chest. The one case of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in the USA is responding well to remdesivir, which is now undergoing a clinical trial in China. Currently, controlling infection to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary intervention being used. However, public health authorities should keep monitoring the situation closely, as the more we can learn about this novel virus and its associated outbreak, the better we can respond."}, {"pmid": 32525375, "title": "Shifting from survival to supporting resilience in children and families in the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons for informing U.S. mental health priorities.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Stark, Abigail M", "White, Allison E", "Rotter, Nancy S", "Basu, Archana"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525375", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This commentary contextualizes potential mental health outcomes for children during and after the COVID-19 pandemic within the risk and resilience literature. Individual, familial, and community-level factors that may increase risk for mental health challenges for children as well as factors associated with positive adaptation in the face of adversity are considered. We highlight the value of considering children's resilience within a systemic perspective by considering family-centered approaches including both short-term and long-term evidence-informed mental health practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32183930, "pmcid": "PMC7078829", "title": "Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship, Yokohama, Japan, 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Mizumoto, Kenji", "Kagaya, Katsushi", "Zarebski, Alexander", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183930", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 5 February 2020, in Yokohama, Japan, a cruise ship hosting 3,711 people underwent a 2-week quarantine after a former passenger was found with COVID-19 post-disembarking. As at 20 February, 634 persons on board tested positive for the causative virus. We conducted statistical modelling to derive the delay-adjusted asymptomatic proportion of infections, along with the infections' timeline. The estimated asymptomatic proportion was 17.9% (95% credible interval (CrI):\u200915.5-20.2%). Most infections occurred before the quarantine start."}, {"pmid": 32369578, "title": "Molecular testing for acute respiratory tract infections: clinical and diagnostic recommendations from the IDSA's Diagnostics Committee.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hanson, Kimberly E", "Azar, Marwan M", "Banerjee, Ritu", "Chou, Andrew", "Colgrove, Robert C", "Ginocchio, Christine C", "Hayden, Mary K", "Holodiny, Mark", "Jain, Seema", "Koo, Sophia", "Levy, Jaclyn", "Timbrook, Tristan T", "Caliendo, Angela M"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369578", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical signs and symptoms of acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are not pathogen specific. Highly sensitive and specific nucleic acid amplification tests have become the diagnostic reference standard for viruses and translation of bacterial assays from basic research to routine clinical practice represents an exciting advance in respiratory medicine. Most recently, molecular diagnostics have played an essential role in the global health response to the novel coronavirus pandemic. How best to use newer molecular tests for RTI in combination with clinical judgment and traditional methods can be bewildering given the plethora of available assays and rapidly evolving technologies. Here, we summarize the current state of the art with respect to the diagnosis of viral and bacterial RTIs, provide a practical framework for diagnostic decision-making using selected patient-centered vignettes, and make recommendations for future studies to advance the field."}, {"pmid": 32216872, "pmcid": "PMC7101232", "title": "Mitigating the impact of conference and travel cancellations on researchers' futures.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Weissgerber, Tracey", "Bediako, Yaw", "de Winde, Charlotte M", "Ebrahimi, Hedyeh", "Fernandez-Chiappe, Florencia", "Ilangovan, Vinodh", "Mehta, Devang", "Paz Quezada, Carolina", "Riley, Julia L", "Saladi, Shyam M", "Sarabipour, Sarvenaz", "Tay, Andy"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216872", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The need to protect public health during the current COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated conference cancellations on an unprecedented scale. As the scientific community adapts to new working conditions, it is important to recognize that some of our actions may disproportionately affect early-career researchers and scientists from countries with limited research funding. We encourage all conference organizers, funders and institutions who are able to do so to consider how they can mitigate the unintended consequences of conference and travel cancellations and we provide seven recommendations for how this could be achieved. The proposed solutions may also offer long-term benefits for those who normally cannot attend conferences, and thus lead to a more equitable future for generations of researchers."}, {"pmid": 32267301, "pmcid": "PMC7156252", "title": "Driving forces for COVID-19 clinical trials using chloroquine: the need to choose the right research questions and outcomes.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo", "Brito-Sousa, Jose Diego", "Baia-da-Silva, Djane", "Melo, Gisely Cardoso de", "Siqueira, Andre Machado", "Val, Fernando", "Daniel-Ribeiro, Claudio Tadeu", "Guimaraes Lacerda, Marcus Vinicius"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267301", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243336, "pmcid": "PMC7188094", "title": "ECT in a time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J ECT", "authors": ["Tor, Phern Chern", "Phu, Adeline H H", "Koh, Doris S H", "Mok, Yee Ming"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422330, "pmcid": "PMC7229472", "title": "COVID-19: Launching neurosurgery into the era of telehealth in the United States.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Wright, Christina Huang", "Wright, James", "Shammassian, Berje"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422330", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The authors discuss the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of telehealth in the United States."}, {"pmid": 32250654, "pmcid": "PMC7176273", "title": "Protecting Medical Trainees on the COVID-19 Frontlines Saves Us All.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Harrington, Robert A", "Elkind, Mitchell S V", "Benjamin, Ivor J"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250654", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463716, "title": "Effect of COVID-19 on Urology Residency Training: A Nationwide Survey of Program Directors by the Society of Academic Urologists.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Rosen, Geoffrey H", "Murray, Katie S", "Greene, Kirsten L", "Pruthi, Raj S", "Richstone, Lee", "Mirza, Moben"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463716", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has profoundly impacted residency training and education. To date, there has not been any broad assessment of urological surgery residency changes and concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Society of Academic Urologists distributed a questionnaire to urology residency program directors on March 30, 2020 exploring residency programs changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics are presented. A qualitative analysis of free response questions was undertaken. A post hoc analysis of differences related to local COVID-19 incidence is described. The survey was distributed to 144 residency programs with 65 responses for a 45% response rate. Reserve staffing had started in 80% of programs. Patient-contact time had decreased significantly from 4.7 to 2.1 days per week (P<0.001). Redeployment was reported by 26% of programs. Sixty percent of programs reported concern that residents will not meet case minimums due to COVID-19. Wellness activities centered on increased communication. All programs had begun to use video-conferencing and the majority planned to continue using this. Programs in states with higher incidence of COVID-19 were more likely to report resident redeployment (48% vs 11%, P=0.002) and exposure to COVID-19-positive patients (70% vs 40%, P=0.03) and were less likely to report concerns regarding exposure (78% vs 97%, P=0.02) and personal protective equipment (PPE) availability (62% vs 89%, P=0.02). As of April 1, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had resulted in significant changes in urology residency programs. These findings inform a rapidly changing landscape and aid in development of best practices."}, {"pmid": 32178547, "pmcid": "PMC7079301", "title": "Challenges and Countermeasures of Integrative Cancer Therapy in the Epidemic of COVID-19.", "journal": "Integr Cancer Ther", "authors": ["Yang, Geliang", "Zhang, Huiqing", "Yang, Yufei"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178547", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431759, "pmcid": "PMC7221331", "title": "[COVID-19: a new challenge].", "journal": "J Asthet Chir", "authors": ["Muggenthaler, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431759", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32114744, "title": "[Pregnancy with new coronavirus infection: clinical characteristics and placental pathological analysis of three cases].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, S", "Huang, B", "Luo, D J", "Li, X", "Yang, F", "Zhao, Y", "Nie, X", "Huang, B X"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114744", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and placental pathology of 2019-nCoV infection in pregnancy,and to evaluate intrauterine vertical transmission potential of 2019-nCoV infection. Methods: The placentas delivered from pregnant women with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection which were received in the Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology by February 4, 2020 were retrospectively studied. Their clinical material including placental tissue and lung CT, and laboratory results were collected, meanwhile, nucleic acid detection of 2019-nCoV of the placentas were performed by RT-PCR. Results: Three placentas delivered from pregnant women with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection, who were all in their third trimester with emergency caesarean section. All of the three patients presented with fever (one before caesarean and two in postpartum), and had no significant leukopenia and lymphopenia. Neonatal throat swabs from three newborns were tested for 2019-nCoV, and all samples were negative for the nucleic acid of 2019-nCoV. One premature infant was transferred to Department of Neonatology due to low birth weight. By the end of February 25, 2020, none of the three patients developed severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia or died(two patients had been cured and discharged, while another one had been transferred to a square cabin hospital for isolation treatment). There were various degrees of fibrin deposition inside and around the villi with local syncytial nodule increases in all three placentas. One case of placenta showed the concomitant morphology of chorionic hemangioma and another one with massive placental infarction. No pathological change of villitis and chorioamnionitis was observed in our observation of three cases. All samples from three placentas were negative for the nucleic acid of 2019-nCoV. Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of pregnant women with 2019-nCoV infection in late pregnancy are similar to those of non-pregnant patients, and no severe adverse pregnancy outcome is found in the 3 cases of our observation. Pathological study suggests that there are no morphological changes related to infection in the three placentas. Currently no evidence for intrauterine vertical transmission of 2019-nCoV is found in the three women infected by 2019-nCoV in their late pregnancy."}, {"pmid": 32406526, "pmcid": "PMC7272840", "title": "COVID-19 and access to labour epidural analgesia in UK hospitals.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Bamber, J H", "Lucas, D N"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406526", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289437, "pmcid": "PMC7151312", "title": "Delivering high-quality vascular care by telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Fankhauser, Grant T"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289437", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500224, "pmcid": "PMC7270513", "title": "Severe exacerbation of immune thrombocytopenia and COVID-19: the favorable response to corticosteroid-based therapy-a case report.", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Hu, Zhiliang", "Chen, Wei", "Liang, Wenyan", "Xu, Chuanjun", "Sun, Wenkui", "Yi, Yongxiang"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500224", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530027, "title": "Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19-\"Preventive\" Sick Certificates as a Frequent Coping Strategy in the Face of the Pandemic.", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Schlabitz, Franziska", "Teich, Niels", "Michl, Patrick", "Walldorf, Jens"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530027", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451366, "pmcid": "PMC7252960", "title": "The potential effects of widespread community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the World Health Organization African Region: a predictive model.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Cabore, Joseph Waogodo", "Karamagi, Humphrey Cyprian", "Kipruto, Hillary", "Asamani, James Avoka", "Droti, Benson", "Seydi, Aminata Binetou Wahebine", "Titi-Ofei, Regina", "Impouma, Benido", "Yao, Michel", "Yoti, Zabulon", "Zawaira, Felicitas", "Tumusiime, Prosper", "Talisuna, Ambrose", "Kasolo, Francis Chisaka", "Moeti, Matshidiso R"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451366", "countries": ["Mauritius", "South Africa", "Eritrea", "Mauritania", "Cameroon", "Algeria", "Nigeria", "Chad"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been unprecedented in its speed and effects. Interruption of its transmission to prevent widespread community transmission is critical because its effects go beyond the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths and affect the health system capacity to provide other essential services. Highlighting the implications of such a situation, the predictions presented here are derived using a Markov chain model, with the transition states and country specific probabilities derived based on currently available knowledge. A risk of exposure, and vulnerability index are used to make the probabilities country specific. The results predict a high risk of exposure in states of small size, together with Algeria, South Africa and Cameroon. Nigeria will have the largest number of infections, followed by Algeria and South Africa. Mauritania would have the fewest cases, followed by Seychelles and Eritrea. Per capita, Mauritius, Seychelles and Equatorial Guinea would have the highest proportion of their population affected, while Niger, Mauritania and Chad would have the lowest. Of the World Health Organization's 1 billion population in Africa, 22% (16%-26%) will be infected in the first year, with 37 (29 - 44) million symptomatic cases and 150 078 (82 735-189 579) deaths. There will be an estimated 4.6 (3.6-5.5)\u2009million COVID-19 hospitalisations, of which 139 521 (81 876-167 044) would be severe cases requiring oxygen, and 89 043 (52 253-106 599) critical cases requiring breathing support. The needed mitigation measures would significantly strain health system capacities, particularly for secondary and tertiary services, while many cases may pass undetected in primary care facilities due to weak diagnostic capacity and non-specific symptoms. The effect of avoiding widespread and sustained community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is significant, and most likely outweighs any costs of preventing such a scenario. Effective containment measures should be promoted in all countries to best manage the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32351121, "title": "Evidence for Use or Disuse of Renin-Angiotensin System Modulators in Patients Having COVID-19 With an Underlying Cardiorenal Disorder.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Sankrityayan, Himanshu", "Kale, Ajinath", "Sharma, Nisha", "Anders, Hans-Joachim", "Gaikwad, Anil Bhanudas"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351121", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has been declared pandemic by World Health Organization due to an exponential rise in the number of infected and deceased persons across the globe. Emerging reports suggest that susceptibility and mortality rates are higher in patients with certain comorbidities when compared to the average population. Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are important risk factors for a lethal outcome of COVID-19. Extensive research ensuing the outbreak of coronavirus-related severe acute respiratory syndrome in the year 2003, and COVID-19 recently revealed a role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components in the entry of coronavirus wherein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) had garnered the significant attention. This raises the question whether the use of RAS inhibitors, the backbone of treatment of cardiovascular, neurovascular, and kidney diseases could increase the susceptibility for coronavirus infection or unfortunate outcomes of COVID-19. Thus, currently, there is a lack of consensus regarding the effects of RAS inhibitors in such patients. Moreover, expert bodies like American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and so on have now released official statements that RAS inhibitors must be continued, unless suggested otherwise by a physician. In this brief review, we will elaborate on the role of RAS and ACE2 in pathogenesis of COVID-19. Moreover, we will discuss the potential effect of the use and disuse of RAS inhibitors in patients having COVID-19 with cardiometabolic comorbidities."}, {"pmid": 32374797, "pmcid": "PMC7236157", "title": "An updated systematic review on the coronavirus pandemic: lessons for psychiatry.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Shiozawa, Pedro", "Uchida, Ricardo R"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374797", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217531, "title": "Europe's migrant containment policies threaten the response to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Hargreaves, Sally", "Kumar, Bernadette N", "McKee, Martin", "Jones, Lucy", "Veizis, Apostolos"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217531", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238197, "pmcid": "PMC7156546", "title": "Just the Facts: Protecting frontline clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Atkinson, Paul", "French, James", "Lang, Eddy", "McColl, Tamara", "Mazurik, Laurie"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238197", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is no patient emergency more important than protecting health care workers during a pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32339895, "pmcid": "PMC7175897", "title": "Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic-A review.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Spoorthy, Mamidipalli Sai", "Pratapa, Sree Karthik", "Mahant, Supriya"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339895", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of novel corona virus (COVID-19) across the globe and the associated morbidity and mortality challenged the nations by several means. One such underrecognized and unaddressed area is the mental health issues medical staff develop during the pandemic. This review aimed to review the literature about mental health problems faced by health care workers (HCW) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Embase. All types of articles published in the last 4 months (January 2020-April 2020) which were relevant to the subject of the review were searched. A total of 23 articles were selected by initial screening and 6 articles were included in the final review. Review of all the 6 articles showed that current research focused on assessing several aspects of mental health affected in HCW due to COVID-19. Several sociodemographic variables like gender, profession, age, place of work, department of work and psychological variables like poor social support, self-efficacy were associated with increased stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia in HCW. There is increasing evidence that suggests that COVID-19 can be an independent risk factor for stress in HCW. Regular screening of medical personnel involved in treating, diagnosing patients with COVID-19 should be done for evaluating stress, depression and anxiety by using multidisciplinary Psychiatry teams."}, {"pmid": 32268300, "pmcid": "PMC7202497", "title": "Biomarkers of biological age as predictors of COVID-19 disease severity.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Lauc, Gordan", "Sinclair, David"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268300", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371463, "pmcid": "PMC7229787", "title": "Clinicopathological characteristics of 8697 patients with COVID-19 in China: a meta-analysis.", "journal": "Fam Med Community Health", "authors": ["Zhu, Jieyun", "Zhong, Zhimei", "Ji, Pan", "Li, Hongyuan", "Li, Bocheng", "Pang, Jielong", "Zhang, Jianfeng", "Zhao, Chunling"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371463", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our study aims to present a summary of the clinicopathological characteristics of patients affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that can be used as a reference for further research and clinical decisions. Studies were included in the meta-analysis if they had cohort, case-control or case series designs and provided sufficient details on clinical symptoms, laboratory outcomes and asymptomatic patients. PubMed, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were electronically searched to identify related studies published between 1 January 2020 and 16 March 2020. Three reviewers independently examined the literature, extracted relevant data and assessed the risk of publication bias before including the studies in the meta-analysis. The confirmed cases of COVID-19. A total of 55 unique retrospective studies involving 8697 patients with COVID-19 were identified. Meta-analysis showed that a higher proportion of infected patients were male (53.3%), and the two major symptoms observed were fever (78.4%) and cough (58.3%). Other common symptoms included fatigue (34%), myalgia (21.9%), expectoration (23.7%), anorexia (22.9%), chest tightness (22.9%) and dyspnoea (20.6%). Minor symptoms included nausea and vomiting (6.6%), diarrhoea (8.2%), headache (11.3%), pharyngalgia (11.6%), shivering (15.2%) and rhinorrhea (7.3%). About 5.4% of the patients were asymptomatic. Most patients showed normal leucocyte counts (64.7%) and elevated C reactive protein levels (65.9%). Lymphopaenia was observed in about 47.6% of the infected patients, along with abnormal levels of myocardial enzymes (49.4%) and liver function (26.4%). Other findings included leucopenia (23.5%), elevated D-dimer (20.4%), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (20.4%), leucocytosis (9.9%), elevated procalcitonin (16.7%) and abnormal renal function (10.9%). The most commonly experienced symptoms of patients with COVID-19 were fever and cough. Myalgia, anorexia, chest tightness and dyspnoea were found in some patients. A relatively small percentage of patients were asymptomatic and could act as carriers of the disease. Most patients showed normal leucocyte counts, elevated levels of C reactive protein and lymphopaenia, confirming the viral origin of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32307269, "pmcid": "PMC7151439", "title": "Radiology Residency Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Chong, Alice", "Kagetsu, Nolan J", "Yen, Andrew", "Cooke, Erin A"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307269", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article provides a guideline for radiology residency programs to prepare and respond to the impact of coronavirus disease 2019, by offering specific examples from three programs, and provides a list of resources for distance learning and maintaining well-being."}, {"pmid": 32449247, "title": "Reply to letter: Acute-onset smell and taste disorders in the context of Covid-19: a pilot multicenter PCR-based case-control study.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Beltran-Corbellini, Alvaro", "Chico-Garcia, Juan Luis", "Martinez-Poles, Javier", "Rodriguez-Jorge, Fernando", "Alonso-Canovas, Araceli"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449247", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We thank our colleagues for their constructive discussion on our recently published study1 . Regarding prevalence, indeed, growing literature yields a variable frequency of loss of smell (LOS) in Covid-19 patients, that may be hypothetically due to differences in the location and amount of viral load, to the different immune response between younger mild-symptomatic outpatients (higher prevalence) and more severely affected inpatients (lower prevalence)1,2 , and to the variable methods of measurement."}, {"pmid": 32412918, "title": "COVID-19: A Worldwide, Zoonotic, Pandemic Outbreak.", "journal": "Altern Ther Health Med", "authors": ["Khan, Tahseen", "Agnihotri, Kartikeya", "Tripathi, Aditi", "Mukherjee, Suneet", "Agnihotri, Namita", "Gupta, Gaurav"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412918", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of a novel, zoonotic coronavirus occurred in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China and has now affected almost the entire world, with the maximum confirmed cases being 1 521 252 as of April 10, 2020. The WHO named this coronavirus 2019-nCoV, with COVID-19 being the name for diseases allied with it. The study intended to examine the features and characteristics of existing human coronaviruses and identify their resemblance to the newly identified 2019-nCoV. The research team performed a literature review, searching relevant literature databases. We searched four databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CNKI (Chinese Database), to identify studies reporting COVID-19. Articles published on or before April 10, 2020 were eligible for inclusion. We used the following search terms: \"Coronavirus\" or \"2019-nCoV\" or \"COVID-19\" or \"SARS-CoV\" or \"MERS-CoV\" or \"Bat SARS-CoV\" or \"ACE2 receptor\". This study was take place in School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. The undistinguishable similarity of the genomic sequences of Severe Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and Bat SARS-CoV-bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21-to nCoV-2019 has facilitated the process of identifying primary treatment measures. Researchers are presuming the existence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor binding in nCoV-2019, as in SARS-CoV. Researchers have been examining human-to-human transmission, the possibility of an intermediate host between bats and humans, and the existence of asymptomatic cases. An incubation period of 0 to 14 days has been reported, with acute to chronic symptoms being cough, nasal congestion, high fever, dyspnea, pneumonia, invasive lesions in both lungs, respiratory failure, and even death, including in pediatric cases. Mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, repurposing of antivirals, and plasma infusion have proven to be somewhat effective. Several countries have started clinical trials to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of some drugs, but the ability to vaccinate people with existing or new molecules will require time. Previously learned lessons from SARS and MERS have led some areas to be well equipped in terms of the ability to take speedy action. First-level treatments include repurposing antivirals and antimalarials, and plasma infusion should help, but development of existing or new molecules into vaccines will take time. The unpredictable trajectory of this outbreak demands careful surveillance to monitor the situation, draw strategies, implement control measures, and create proper ethical laws and medical guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32404622, "title": "Considerations for Pediatric Craniofacial Surgeons During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "J Craniofac Surg", "authors": ["Schoenbrunner, Anna", "Sarac, Benjamin", "Gosman, Amanda", "Janis, Jeffrey E"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404622", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294583, "pmcid": "PMC7195079", "title": "Remote consultations in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: Preliminary experience in a regional Australian public acute mental health care setting.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Kavoor, Anjana Rao", "Chakravarthy, Kripa", "John, Thomas"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294583", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the wake of the recent pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), with confirmed cases having crossed 750,000, health systems across the world are getting overwhelmed; making it strenuous to maintain essential health services. Several changes were implemented in our acute mental health care service using a collaborative approach to maintain a balance between preventive measures to 'flatten the curve' and to provide care to those who were in need. Mode of service delivery was changed predominantly to tele-medicine, amongst others. It was found to be a workable model, albeit further follow up will be required to better understand its viability and feasibility to withstand the COVID-19 cataclysm."}, {"pmid": 32104915, "pmcid": "PMC7228394", "title": "The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Yan-Chao", "Bai, Wan-Zhu", "Hashikawa, Tsutomu"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32104915", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), another highly pathogenic coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 (previously known as 2019-nCoV) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spreads around the world. This virus shares highly homological sequence with SARS-CoV, and causes acute, highly lethal pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with clinical symptoms similar to those reported for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The most characteristic symptom of patients with COVID-19 is respiratory distress, and most of the patients admitted to the intensive care could not breathe spontaneously. Additionally, some patients with COVID-19 also showed neurologic signs, such as headache, nausea, and vomiting. Increasing evidence shows that coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract and that they may also invade the central nervous system inducing neurological diseases. The infection of SARS-CoV has been reported in the brains from both patients and experimental animals, where the brainstem was heavily infected. Furthermore, some coronaviruses have been demonstrated able to spread via a synapse-connected route to the medullary cardiorespiratory center from the mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the lung and lower respiratory airways. Considering the high similarity between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2, it remains to make clear whether the potential invasion of SARS-CoV2 is partially responsible for the acute respiratory failure of patients with COVID-19. Awareness of this may have a guiding significance for the prevention and treatment of the SARS-CoV-2-induced respiratory failure."}, {"pmid": 32397199, "title": "What Caused the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: From the Perspective of Crisis Management.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Shangguan, Ziheng", "Wang, Mark Yaolin", "Sun, Wen"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397199", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, China on 8 December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries, causing a worldwide public health crisis. The existing literature fails to examine what caused this sudden outbreak from a crisis management perspective. This article attempts to fill this research gap through analysis of big data, officially released information and other social media sources to understand the root cause of the crisis as it relates to China's current management system and public health policy. The article draws the following conclusions: firstly, strict government control over information was the main reason for the early silencing of media announcements, which directly caused most people to be unprepared and unaware of COVID-19. Secondly, a choice between addressing a virus with an unknown magnitude and nature, and mitigating known public panic during a politically and culturally sensitive time, lead to falsehood and concealment. Thirdly, the weak autonomous management power of local public health management departments is not conducive for providing a timely response to the crisis. Finally, the privatization of many state-owned hospitals led to the unavailability of public health medical resources to serve affected patients in the Wuhan and Hubei Province. This article suggests that China should adopt a Singaporean-style public health crisis information management system to ensure information disclosure and information symmetry and should use it to monitor public health crises in real time. In addition, the central government should adopt the territorial administration model of a public health crisis and increase investment in public health in China."}, {"pmid": 32526597, "title": "The impact of covid-19 on midwives' practice in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania: A reflective account.", "journal": "Midwifery", "authors": ["Pallangyo, Eunice", "Nakate, Mary Grace", "Maina, Rose", "Fleming, Valerie"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526597", "countries": ["Tanzania, United Republic of", "Kenya", "Uganda"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497702, "pmcid": "PMC7262519", "title": "Challenges and countermeasures in the prevention of nosocomial infections of SARS-CoV-2 before resumption of work: implications for the dermatology department.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Zhang, Yamin", "Wen, Jingjing", "Chen, Cai", "Zeng, Lingling", "Yang, Liu", "Huang, Changzheng", "Feng, Aiping", "Miao, Xiaoping", "Alamgir, Mahin", "Rao, Babar", "Li, Yan", "Tao, Juan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497702", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386433, "pmcid": "PMC7272922", "title": "Could CGRP antagonists be helpful in the fight against COVID-19?", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Robertson, Carrie E"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386433", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When treating migraine patients in the current era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), many institutions have moved away from face-to-face procedures like onabotulinumtoxinA injections,1 sometimes transitioning to the newer CGRP antibodies for migraine prevention. However, despite our best efforts to mitigate viral transmission, many of our migraine patients may eventually be exposed to SARS-CoV2. While most patients will have mild to moderate symptoms, a subset will become severely ill, with possible complications including respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Given the possibility of this level of severe respiratory illness, we should consider what effect blocking calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) might have on these patients."}, {"pmid": 32341101, "pmcid": "PMC7236819", "title": "COVID-19 and smoking: is nicotine the hidden link?", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Russo, Patrizia", "Bonassi, Stefano", "Giacconi, Robertina", "Malavolta, Marco", "Tomino, Carlo", "Maggi, Fabrizio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341101", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504963, "pmcid": "PMC7264020", "title": "Cardiac arrest during emergency intubation in an elderly patient with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Tao, Kun-Ming", "Hu, Yu", "Zhu, Xiao-Fei", "Zhang, Yong-Chao", "Yang, Yun", "Lu, Zhi-Jie"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504963", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398552, "title": "Editorial: Postcards from War Zones-Personal Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Orthop Relat Res", "authors": ["Leopold, Seth S", "Dobbs, Matthew B"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398552", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433096, "title": "COVID-19: Never Seen Anything Like This Ever!", "journal": "J Nurs Adm", "authors": ["Beckman, Beth P"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433096", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251842, "pmcid": "PMC7195539", "title": "Clinical characteristics of non-critically ill patients with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a Fangcang Hospital.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Wang, X", "Fang, J", "Zhu, Y", "Chen, L", "Ding, F", "Zhou, R", "Ge, L", "Wang, F", "Chen, Q", "Zhang, Y", "Zhao, Q"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251842", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the clinical characteristics of patients in a Fangcang Hospital. Non-critically ill individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests admitted between 7 February and 12 February 2020 to Dongxihu Fangcang Hospital, which was promptly constructed because of the rapid, exponential increase in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, were included; clinical course through to 22 February was recorded. A total of 1012 non-critically ill individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests were included in the study. Thirty (of 1012, 3.0%) individuals were asymptomatic on admission. During hospitalization, 16 of 30 (53.3%) asymptomatic individuals developed different symptoms. Fourteen of 1012 patients (1.4%) remained asymptomatic from exposure to the end of follow up, with a median duration of 24\u00a0days (interquartile range 22-27). Fever (761 of 1012, 75.2%) and cough (531 of 1012, 52.4%) were the most common symptoms. Small patchy opacities (355 of 917, 38.7%) and ground-glass opacities (508 of 917, 55.4%) were common imaging manifestations in chest CT scans. One hundred patients (9.9%) were transferred to designated hospitals due to aggravation of illness. Diarrhoea emerged in 152 of 1012 patients (15.0%). Male, older age, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chills, dyspnoea, So2 value of \u226493%, white blood cell counts of >10\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0109/L and large consolidated opacities on CT images were all risk factors for aggravation of illness. Non-critically ill individuals had different clinical characteristics from critically ill individuals. Asymptomatic infections only accounted for a small proportion of COVID-19. Although with a low incidence, diarrhoea was observed in patients with COVID-19, indicating the possibility of faecal-oral transmission."}, {"pmid": 32490918, "title": "Perceived stress associated with COVID-19 epidemic in Colombia: an online survey.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Pedrozo-Pupo, John Carlos", "Pedrozo-Cortes, Maria Jose", "Campo-Arias, Adalberto"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490918", "countries": ["Colombia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to assess the prevalence and variables related to perceived stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of Colombian adults using a designed online cross-sectional survey. Adults answered a version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) modified for COVID-19 (PSS-10-C), with Cronbach alpha equal to 0.86. In total, 406 individuals aged between 19 and 88 years (M = 43.9; SD = 12.4) agreed to participate in the survey: 61.8% were females, 90.6% had a university degree, 44.1% were health professionals, and 45.7% considered public health policies for preventing the spread of the disease inconsistent with scientific recommendations. PSS-10-C scores ranged from 0 to 36 (M = 16.5; SD = 7.3); 58 individuals (14.3%) scored for high perceived stress (cut-off point = 25). The inconsistency between policies and scientific evidence was significantly related to high perception of stress associated with COVID-19 (OR = 2.36; 95%CI: 1.32-4.20), after adjusting for gender. We concluded that the study group presented the prevalence of perceived stress associated with COVID-19 at high levels, arising from the inconsistent strategies developed by health authorities in view of scientific recommendations. Further researches must address the psychosocial aspects of epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32363540, "pmcid": "PMC7196179", "title": "Bowel Necrosis in the Setting of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Gastrointest Surg", "authors": ["Gartland, Rajshri M", "Velmahos, George C"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363540", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461657, "title": "Coronavirus misinformation needs researchers to respond.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461657", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513768, "title": "COVID-19 presenting with diarrhoea and hyponatraemia.", "journal": "BMJ Case Rep", "authors": ["Ata, Fateen", "Almasri, Hussam", "Sajid, Jamal", "Yousaf, Zohaib"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513768", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a viral disease with a high infectivity rate. The full spectrum of the disease is not yet understood. This understanding may help in limiting potential exposure. We present a young man with diarrhoea, abdominal pain and hyponatraemia who turned out to be positive for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32493663, "pmcid": "PMC7200367", "title": "POCUS to Guide Fluid Therapy in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Thalappillil, Richard", "Tam, Christopher W"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493663", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525392, "title": "Mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Shigemura, Jun", "Kurosawa, Mie"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525392", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of May 20, 2020, the COVID-19 death toll in Japan was 771. The 2020 Tokyo Olympics/Paralympics had to be postponed to 2021 because of the pandemic. Not only the infected patients but also health care workers have been affected from adverse societal dynamics because of COVID-19, such as discrimination and stigmatization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32295762, "pmcid": "PMC7207197", "title": "Chest CT imaging of an early Canadian case of COVID-19 in a 28-year-old man.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Singh, Navneet", "Fratesi, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295762", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287142, "pmcid": "PMC7173403", "title": "Pediatric Airway Management in COVID-19 patients - Consensus Guidelines from the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia's Pediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative and the Canadian Pediatric Anesthesia Society.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Matava, Clyde T", "Kovatsis, Pete G", "Summers, Jennifer Lee", "Castro, Pilar", "Denning, Simon", "Yu, Julie", "Lockman, Justin L", "Von Ungern-Sternberg, Britta", "Sabato, Stefano", "Lee, Lisa K", "Ayad, Ihab", "Mireles, Sam", "Lardner, David", "Whyte, Simon", "Szolnoki, Judit", "Jagannathan, Narasimhan", "Thompson, Nicole", "Stein, Mary Lyn", "Dalesio, Nicholas", "Greenberg, Robert", "McCloskey, John", "Peyton, James", "Evans, Faye", "Haydar, Bishr", "Reynolds, Paul", "Chiao, Franklin", "Taicher, Brad", "Templeton, Thomas", "Bhalla, Tarun", "Raman, Vidya T", "Garcia-Marcinkiewicz, Annery", "Galvez, Jorge", "Tan, Jonathan", "Rehman, Mohamed", "Crockett, Christy", "Olomu, Patrick", "Szmuk, Peter", "Glover, Chris", "Matuszczak, Maria", "Galvez, Ignacio", "Hunyady, Agnes", "Polaner, David", "Gooden, Cheryl", "Hsu, Grace", "Gumaney, Harshad", "Perez-Pradilla, Caroline", "Kiss, Edgar E", "Theroux, Mary C", "Lau, Jennifer", "Asaf, Saeedah", "Ingelmo, Pablo", "Engelhardt, Thomas", "Hervias, Monica", "Greenwood, Eric", "Javia, Luv", "Disma, Nicola", "Yaster, Myron", "Fiadjoe, John E"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287142", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged medical systems and clinicians globally to unforeseen levels. COVID-19's rapid spread has forced clinicians to care for patients with a highly contagious disease without evidence-based guidelines. Using a virtual modified nominal group technique, the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative (PeDI-C), which currently includes 35 hospitals from six countries, generated consensus guidelines on airway management in pediatric anesthesia based on expert opinion and early data about the disease. The PeDI-C identified overarching goals during care, including minimizing aerosolized respiratory secretions, minimizing the number of clinicians in contact with a patient, and recognizing that undiagnosed asymptomatic patients may shed the virus and infect healthcare workers. Recommendations include administering anxiolytic medications, intravenous anesthetic inductions, tracheal intubation using video laryngoscopes and cuffed tracheal tubes, use of in-line suction catheters, and modifying workflow to recover patients from anesthesia in the operating room. Importantly, the PeDI-C recommends that anesthesiologists consider using appropriate personal protective equipment when performing aerosol-generating medical procedures in asymptomatic children, in addition to known or suspected children with COVID-19. Airway procedures should be done in negative pressure rooms when available. Adequate time should be allowed for operating room cleaning and air filtration between surgical cases. Research using rigorous study designs is urgently needed to inform safe practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. Until further information is available, the PeDI-C advises that clinicians consider these guidelines to enhance the safety of health care workers during airway management when performing aerosol-generating medical procedures. These guidelines have been endorsed by the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia and the Canadian Pediatric Anesthesia Society."}, {"pmid": 32255567, "pmcid": "PMC7262336", "title": "Informing emergency care for COVID-19 patients: The COVID-19 Emergency Department Quality Improvement Project protocol.", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["O'Reilly, Gerard M", "Mitchell, Rob D", "Noonan, Michael P", "Hiller, Ryan", "Mitra, Biswadev", "Brichko, Lisa", "Luckhoff, Carl", "Paton, Andrew", "Smit, De Villiers", "Santamaria, Mark J", "Cameron, Peter A"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255567", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an urgency to support Australian ED clinicians with real-time tools as the COVID-19 pandemic evolves. The COVID-19 Emergency Department (COVED) Quality Improvement Project has commenced and will provide flexible and responsive clinical tools to determine the predictors of key ED-relevant clinical outcomes. The COVED Project includes all adult patients presenting to a participating ED and meeting contemporary testing criteria for COVID-19. The dataset has been embedded in the electronic medical record and the COVED Registry has been developed. Outcomes measured include being COVID-19 positive and requiring intensive respiratory support. Regression methodology will be used to generate clinical prediction tools. This project will support EDs during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32333127, "pmcid": "PMC7182394", "title": "COVID-19 challenging cell biology.", "journal": "Protoplasma", "authors": ["Bullerdiek, Joern"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333127", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487506, "pmcid": "PMC7236710", "title": "Systematic analysis of acute liver injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Debes, Jose D", "Anugwom, Chimaobi M", "Aby, Elizabeth S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487506", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428242, "title": "Covid-19 and Myeloma: what are the implications for now and in the future?", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Freeman, Ciara L", "Mikhael, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428242", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic has affected every aspect of myeloma care. Immediate focus is minimizing risk of contracting COVID-19 and the sequelae of infection. However, what does the future hold for our patients? What lessons will be taken forward to tackle myeloma in the fiscally constrained future? If we embrace the challenges that will emerge in the post-pandemic environment, the treatment delivered to patients could be more cost effective and better tailored than before. Healthcare delivery post-COVID will not return to how it was, and now is the time to invest in novel strategies to deliver the best possible outcomes for patients."}, {"pmid": 32384153, "pmcid": "PMC7239256", "title": "Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 by low volume real-time single tube reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification using an exo probe with an internally linked quencher (exo-IQ).", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Behrmann, Ole", "Bachmann, Iris", "Spiegel, Martin", "Schramm, Marina", "El Wahed, Ahmed Abd", "Dobler, Gerhard", "Dame, Gregory", "Hufert, Frank T"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384153", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has spread to almost every country with more than three million confirmed cases and over two hundred thousand deaths as of April 28, 2020. Rapid first-line testing protocols are needed for outbreak control and surveillance. We used computational and manual design to generate a suitable set of reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) primer and exonuclease probe, internally quenched (exo-IQ) probe sequences targeting the SARS-CoV-2 N gene. RT-RPA sensitivity was determined by amplification of in vitro transcribed RNA standards. Assay selectivity was demonstrated with a selectivity panel of 32 nucleic acid samples derived from common respiratory viruses. To validate the assay against full-length SARS-CoV-2 RNA, total viral RNA derived from cell culture supernatant and 19 nasopharyngeal swab samples (8 positive and 11 negative for SARS-CoV-2) were screened. All results were compared to established RT-qPCR assays. The 95% detection probability of the RT-RPA assay was determined to be 7.74 (95% CI: 2.87 - 27.39) RNA copies per reaction. The assay showed no cross-reactivity to any other screened coronaviruses or respiratory viruses of clinical significance. The developed RT-RPA assay produced 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity when compared to RT-qPCR (n=20). With a run time of 15 to 20 minutes and first results being available in under 7 minutes for high RNA concentrations, the reported assay constitutes one of the fastest nucleic acid based detection methods for SARS-CoV-2 to date and may provide a simple to use alternative to RT-qPCR for first-line screening at the point of need."}, {"pmid": 32449751, "title": "Sickness absence in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Gohar, Basem", "Lariviere, Michel", "Nowrouzi-Kia, Behdin"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459359, "title": "Psychiatry in Times of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Imperative for Psychiatrists to Act Now.", "journal": "JAMA Psychiatry", "authors": ["Luykx, Jurjen J", "Vinkers, Christiaan H", "Tijdink, Joeri K"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459359", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277486, "title": "Testing for coverage from personal protective equipment.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Heij, R", "Steel, A G", "Young, P J"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277486", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495027, "pmcid": "PMC7266734", "title": "Hematological findings in coronavirus disease 2019: indications of progression of disease.", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Liu, Xiaoqing", "Zhang, Run", "He, Guangsheng"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495027", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new human infectious disease. The etiology for this outbreak is a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Thus far, related research on COVID-19 is still in preliminary stage. This paper summarized the latest outcomes of corresponding study from Chinese centers and clarified the hematopoietic abnormality caused by SARS-CoV-2 and potential mechanism. Lymphopenia was common in the early stage after the onset of COVID-19. A significant decrease was observed in peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. As the illness progressed, neutrophilia emerged in several cases, and patients with severe critical pulmonary conditions showed higher neutrophils than common type. Thrombocytopenia was resulting from the consumption and/or the reduced production of platelets in damaged lungs. Anemia was not observed notably, but the decrease in hemoglobin was frequent. The activation of monocyte-macrophage system aggravates the immune damage of lung and other tissues, which leads to the increase of D-dimer, prothrombin time, and platelet consumption."}, {"pmid": 32401188, "title": "Centralized air-conditioning and transmission of novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Pathog Glob Health", "authors": ["Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah", "Ahmed Khan, Naveed"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401188", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315792, "pmcid": "PMC7166008", "title": "Acute At Home Management of Anaphylaxis During the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Casale, Thomas B", "Wang, Julie", "Nowak-Wegrzyn, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376583, "pmcid": "PMC7167313", "title": "[Diagnosis and treatment of an elderly patient with secondary cerebral infarction caused by COVID-19].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["He, Jin", "Cheng, Gong", "Xu, Wenwei", "Zhang, Lengzhen", "Zeng, Zhenhua"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376583", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We review the experience with the diagnosis and treatment of secondary cerebral infarction in an elderly patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 has rapid disease progression with a high mortality rate in elderly patients, and physicians should be alert to secondary bacterial infection that may result in coagulation dysfunction and cerebral infarction. Early anti-infection therapy, immune regulation and appropriate anticoagulation intervention may help improve the prognosis of the patients."}, {"pmid": 32209383, "pmcid": "PMC7151357", "title": "Herd immunity - estimating the level required to halt the COVID-19 epidemics in affected countries.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Kwok, Kin On", "Lai, Florence", "Wei, Wan In", "Wong, Samuel Yeung Shan", "Tang, Julian W T"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209383", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479958, "title": "Optimal temperature zone for the dispersal of COVID-19.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Huang, Zhongwei", "Huang, Jianping", "Gu, Qianqing", "Du, Pengyue", "Liang, Hongbin", "Dong, Qing"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479958", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is essential to know the environmental parameters within which the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can survive to understand its global dispersal pattern. We found that 60.0% of the confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in places where the air temperature ranged from 5\u00a0\u00b0C to 15\u00a0\u00b0C, with a peak in cases at 11.54\u00a0\u00b0C. Moreover, approximately 73.8% of the confirmed cases were concentrated in regions with absolute humidity of 3\u00a0g/m3 to 10\u00a0g/m3. SARS-CoV-2 appears to be spreading toward higher latitudes. Our findings suggest that there is an optimal climatic zone in which the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 markedly increases in the ambient environment (including the surfaces of objects). These results strongly imply that the COVID-19 pandemic may spread cyclically and outbreaks may recur in large cities in the mid-latitudes in autumn 2020."}, {"pmid": 32437019, "title": "Baricitinib: A chance to treat COVID-19?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lo Caputo, Sergio", "Corso, Gaetano", "Clerici, Mario", "Santantonio, Teresa Antonia"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437019", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463377, "title": "Telehealth in the Context of COVID-19: Changing Perspectives in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Fisk, Malcolm", "Livingstone, Anne", "Pit, Sabrina Winona"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463377", "countries": ["United States", "Australia", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic. On that date, there were 134,576 reported cases and 4981 deaths worldwide. By March 26, 2020, just 2 weeks later, reported cases had increased four-fold to 531,865, and deaths increased five-fold to 24,073. Older people are both major users of telehealth services and are more likely to die as a result of COVID-19. This paper examines the extent that Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, during the 2 weeks following the pandemic announcement, sought to promote telehealth as a tool that could help identify COVID-19 among older people who may live alone, be frail, or be self-isolating, and give support to or facilitate the treatment of people who are or may be infected. This paper reports, for the 2-week period previously mentioned and immediately prior, on activities and initiatives in the three countries taken by governments or their agencies (at national or state levels) together with publications or guidance issued by professional, trade, and charitable bodies. Different sources of information are drawn upon that point to the perceived likely benefits of telehealth in fighting the pandemic. It is not the purpose of this paper to draw together or analyze information that reflects growing knowledge about COVID-19, except where telehealth is seen as a component. The picture that emerges for the three countries, based on the sources identified, shows a number of differences. These differences center on the nature of their health services, the extent of attention given to older people (and the circumstances that can relate to them), the different geographies (notably concerned with rurality), and the changes to funding frameworks that could impact these. Common to all three countries is the value attributed to maintaining quality safeguards in the wider context of their health services but where such services are noted as sometimes having precluded significant telehealth use. The COVID-19 pandemic is forcing changes and may help to establish telehealth more firmly in its aftermath. Some of the changes may not be long-lasting. However, the momentum is such that telehealth will almost certainly find a stronger place within health service frameworks for each of the three countries and is likely to have increased acceptance among both patients and health care providers."}, {"pmid": 32381641, "title": "Performance Characteristics of the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG Assay and Seroprevalence in Boise, Idaho.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Bryan, Andrew", "Pepper, Gregory", "Wener, Mark H", "Fink, Susan L", "Morishima, Chihiro", "Chaudhary, Anu", "Jerome, Keith R", "Mathias, Patrick C", "Greninger, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381641", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID19), the novel respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. The rollout of diagnostic testing in the United States was slow, leading to numerous cases that were not tested for SARS-CoV-2 in February and March 2020, necessitating the use of serological testing to determine past infections. Here, we evaluated the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG test for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies by testing 3 distinct patient populations. We tested 1,020 serum specimens collected prior to SARS-CoV-2 circulation in the United States and found one false positive, indicating a specificity of 99.90%. We tested 125 patients who tested RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 for which 689 excess serum specimens were available and found sensitivity reached 100% at day 17 after symptom onset and day 13 after PCR positivity. Alternative index value thresholds for positivity resulted in 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in this cohort. We tested 4,856 individuals from Boise, Idaho collected over one week in April 2020 as part of the Crush the Curve initiative and detected 87 positives for a positivity rate of 1.79%. These data demonstrate excellent analytical performance of the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG test as well as the limited circulation of the virus in the western United States. We expect the availability of high-quality serological testing will be a key tool in the fight against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32497867, "pmcid": "PMC7263272", "title": "COVID-19: Are Spanish medicine and nursing students prepared?", "journal": "Nurse Educ Today", "authors": ["Cervera-Gasch, Agueda", "Gonzalez-Chorda, Victor M", "Mena-Tudela, Desiree"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497867", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439740, "pmcid": "PMC7247397", "title": "Rapid implementation of virtual clinics due to COVID-19: report and early evaluation of a quality improvement initiative.", "journal": "BMJ Open Qual", "authors": ["Gilbert, Anthony William", "Billany, Joe C T", "Adam, Ruth", "Martin, Luke", "Tobin, Rebecca", "Bagdai, Shiv", "Galvin, Noreen", "Farr, Ian", "Allain, Adam", "Davies, Lucy", "Bateson, John"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439740", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has placed the National Health Service under significant strain. Social distancing measures were introduced in the UK in March 2020 and virtual consultations (via telephone or video call) were identified as a potential alternative to face-to-face consultations at this time. The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH) sees on average 11\u2009200 face-to-face consultations a month. On average 7% of these are delivered virtually via telephone. In response to the COVID-19 crisis, the RNOH set a target of reducing face-to-face consultations to 20% of all outpatient attendances. This report outlines a quality improvement initiative to rapidly implement virtual consultations at the RNOH. The COVID-19 Action Team, a multidisciplinary group of healthcare professionals, was assembled to support the implementation of virtual clinics. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement approach to quality improvement was followed using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle. A process of enablement, process redesign, delivery support and evaluation were carried out, underpinned by Improvement principles. Following the target of 80% virtual consultations being set, 87% of consultations were delivered virtually during the first 6\u2009weeks. Satisfaction scores were high for virtual consultations (90/100 for patients and 78/100 for clinicians); however, outside of the COVID-19 pandemic, video consultations would be preferred less than 50% of the time. Information to support the future redesign of outpatient services was collected. This report demonstrates that virtual consultations can be rapidly implemented in response to COVID-19 and that they are largely acceptable. Further initiatives are required to support clinically appropriate and acceptable virtual consultations beyond COVID-19. This project was submitted to the RNOH's Project Evaluation Panel and was classified as a service evaluation on 12 March 2020 (ref: SE20.09)."}, {"pmid": 32508399, "pmcid": "PMC7260529", "title": "Time Series Analysis and Forecast of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India using Genetic Programming.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Salgotra, Rohit", "Gandomi, Mostafa", "Gandomi, Amir H"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508399", "countries": ["India", "China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 declared as a global pandemic by WHO, has emerged as the most aggressive disease, impacting more than 90% countries of the world. The virus started from a single human being in China, is now increasing globally at a rate of 3% to 5% daily and has become a never ending process. Some studies even predict that the virus will stay with us forever. India being the second most populous country of the world, is also not saved, and the virus is spreading as a community level transmitter. Therefore, it become really important to analyse the possible impact of COVID-19 in India and forecast how it will behave in the days to come. In present work, prediction models based on genetic programming (GP) have been developed for confirmed cases (CC) and death cases (DC) across three most affected states namely Maharashtra, Gujarat and Delhi as well as whole India. The proposed prediction models are presented using explicit formula, and impotence of prediction variables are studied. Here, statistical parameters and metrics have been used for evaluated and validate the evolved models. From the results, it has been found that the proposed GEP-based models use simple linkage functions and are highly reliable for time series prediction of COVID-19 cases in India."}, {"pmid": 32265331, "pmcid": "PMC7157776", "title": "Single-Dose, Intranasal Immunization with Recombinant Parainfluenza Virus 5 Expressing Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Spike Protein Protects Mice from Fatal MERS-CoV Infection.", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Li, Kun", "Li, Zhuo", "Wohlford-Lenane, Christine", "Meyerholz, David K", "Channappanavar, Rudragouda", "An, Dong", "Perlman, Stanley", "McCray, Paul B Jr", "He, Biao"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265331", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) can cause severe and fatal acute respiratory disease in humans and remains endemic in the Middle East since first being identified in 2012. There are currently no approved vaccines or therapies available for MERS-CoV. In this study, we evaluated parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-based vaccine expressing the MERS-CoV envelope spike protein (PIV5/MERS-S) in a human DPP4 knockin C57BL/6 congenic mouse model (hDPP4 KI). Following a single-dose intranasal immunization, PIV5-MERS-S induced neutralizing antibody and robust T cell responses in hDPP4 KI mice. A single intranasal administration of 104 PFU PIV5-MERS-S provided complete protection against a lethal challenge with mouse-adapted MERS-CoV (MERSMA6.1.2) and improved virus clearance in the lung. In comparison, single-dose intramuscular immunization with 106 PFU UV-inactivated MERSMA6.1.2 mixed with Imject alum provided protection to only 25% of immunized mice. Intriguingly, an influx of eosinophils was observed only in the lungs of mice immunized with inactivated MERS-CoV, suggestive of a hypersensitivity-type response. Overall, our study indicated that PIV5-MERS-S is a promising effective vaccine candidate against MERS-CoV infection.IMPORTANCE MERS-CoV causes lethal infection in humans, and there is no vaccine. Our work demonstrates that PIV5 is a promising vector for developing a MERS vaccine. Furthermore, success of PIV5-based MERS vaccine can be employed to develop a vaccine for emerging CoVs such as SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32467792, "pmcid": "PMC7249758", "title": "Bradycardia, Renal Failure, Atrioventricular Nodal Blockade, Shock, and Hyperkalemia (BRASH) Syndrome as a Presentation of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Prabhu, Vishaal", "Hsu, Edmund", "Lestin, Stephan", "Soltanianzadeh, Yasamin", "Hadi, Sara"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467792", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)\u00a0has led to a global pandemic. While acute respiratory failure has been the predominant concern, there have been reports of other end-organ damage such as renal failure. We report a case of an elderly woman who presented with BRASH syndrome, a constellation of bradycardia, renal failure, atrioventricular (AV) nodal blockade, shock, and hyperkalemia (BRASH), which was likely triggered by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32503846, "title": "Safely restarting GI endoscopy in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Hayee, Bu'Hussain", "Thoufeeq, Mo", "Rees, Colin J", "Penman, Ian", "East, James"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503846", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313807, "pmcid": "PMC7165113", "title": "Guillain-Barre Syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Virani, Ahmed", "Rabold, Erica", "Hanson, Taylor", "Haag, Aaron", "Elrufay, Rawiya", "Cheema, Tariq", "Balaan, Marvin", "Bhanot, Nitin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313807", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a case of Guillain- Barr\u00e9 Syndrome (GBS) in a patient with confirmed COVID-19 infection. GBS in commonly encountered after an antecedent trigger, most commonly an infection. To date, only one case of GBS associated with this infection has been described. Clinicians should consider this entity since it may warrant appropriate isolation precautions especially in a patient who may not present primarily with typical constitutional and respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32509977, "pmcid": "PMC7263080", "title": "Self-management strategies to consider to combat endometriosis symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Hum Reprod Open", "authors": ["Leonardi, Mathew", "Horne, Andrew W", "Vincent, Katy", "Sinclair, Justin", "Sherman, Kerry A", "Ciccia, Donna", "Condous, George", "Johnson, Neil P", "Armour, Mike"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509977", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The care of patients with endometriosis has been complicated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Medical and allied healthcare appointments and surgeries are being temporarily postponed. Mandatory self-isolation has created new obstacles for individuals with endometriosis seeking pain relief and improvement in their quality of life. Anxieties may be heightened by concerns over whether endometriosis may be an underlying condition that could predispose to severe COVID-19 infection and what constitutes an appropriate indication for presentation for urgent treatment in the epidemic. Furthermore, the restrictions imposed due to COVID-19 can impose negative psychological effects, which patients with endometriosis may be more prone to already. In combination with medical therapies, or as an alternative, we encourage patients to consider self-management strategies to combat endometriosis symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. These self-management strategies are divided into problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies, with the former aiming to change the environment to alleviate pain, and the latter address the psychology of living with endometriosis. We put forward this guidance, which is based on evidence and expert opinion, for healthcare providers to utilize during their consultations with patients via telephone or video. Patients may also independently use this article as an educational resource. The strategies discussed are not exclusively restricted to consideration during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most have been researched before this period of time and all will continue to be a part of the biopsychological approach to endometriosis long after COVID-19 restrictions are lifted."}, {"pmid": 32310017, "title": "COVID-19 and stroke-A global World Stroke Organization perspective.", "journal": "Int J Stroke", "authors": ["Markus, Hugh S", "Brainin, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310017", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic affecting all parts of the world is having huge implications for stroke care. Not only do stroke patients appear to be more susceptible to severe infection, but the pandemic is having major implications on how we deliver stroke care, while ensuing safety of both our patients and health care professionals. COVID-19 infection itself has also been described as a risk factor for stroke. The World Stroke Organization has been monitoring the impact of the pandemic globally, and has identified an initial marked fall in stroke presentations as well as a widespread impact on stroke services. The pandemic is changing the way we deliver care, and has highlighted the enormous potential of telemedicine in stroke care."}, {"pmid": 32510576, "title": "Perceptions of obstetricians and pediatricians about the risk of COVID-19 for pregnant women and newborns.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Obeidat, Nail", "Saadeh, Rami", "Obeidat, Maha", "Khasawneh, Wasim", "Khader, Yousef", "Alfaqih, Mahmoud"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510576", "countries": ["Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the perception of obstetricians and pediatricians about risks of COVID-19 on pregnant women and possible complications in newborns. A structured 27-item online survey was sent via social media messaging to obstetricians and pediatricians from public, academic, and private sectors in Jordan between March 23-30, 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to represent numbers and percentages of participants' responses to survey items. A total of 147 physicians participated (107 obstetricians, 40 pediatricians). Participants were well informed about the symptoms, diagnosis, modes of transmission, and methods of prevention. Participants had variable perceptions about COVID-19 risk during pregnancy, including potential vertical transmission, preferred route of delivery, and safety of breastfeeding. Most participants felt that pregnant women should be prioritized for testing and medical care provision. While evidence-based strategies to reduce the risks of COVID-19 in pregnant women and newborns are evolving, healthcare providers showed excellent knowledge of the infection and were vigilant regarding its complications for mothers and newborns. To ensure safe pregnancy, physicians must keep informed of developing guidance on best and safest prenatal and perinatal health services. Implementing local hospital policies and adequate training in infection control measures is strongly encouraged."}, {"pmid": 32152010, "title": "Covid-19: out-of-hours providers are drafted in to manage non-urgent patients in community.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152010", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223839, "title": "[Epidemiology and clinical features of highly pathogenic human coronavirus infection in children].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Long, X R", "Zhu, J", "Zhao, R Q", "Xu, H M"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223839", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383835, "title": "Acute respiratory distress syndrome and steroids in the shadow of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Jaeschke, Roman"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383835", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282025, "pmcid": "PMC7184378", "title": "Donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) for angiography during the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["John, Thadathilankal-Jess", "Hassan, Karim", "Weich, Hellmuth"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383306, "pmcid": "PMC7267579", "title": "Do we need robotics for coronary intervention more than ever in the COVID-19 era?", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Virk, Hafeez Ul Hassan", "Lakhter, Vladimir", "Tabaza, Luai", "George, Jon C"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384227, "pmcid": "PMC7273047", "title": "COVID-19 ventilatory phenotypes and obesity: is there a relationship?", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Costa, Hugo", "Jacob, Miguel", "Pereira, Rafaela", "Calcas, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384227", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Obesity has been recognized as an independent risk factor in other viral infections such as H1N1 (1). Although data are scarce at this stage, there is also an unexplained increased prevalence of obesity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to the intensive care units (ICU) (2)."}, {"pmid": 32387682, "pmcid": "PMC7204664", "title": "Characteristics of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Jinan, China.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Ma, Yan", "Xu, Qing-Nan", "Wang, Feng-Li", "Ma, Xiao-Man", "Wang, Xiao-Yan", "Zhang, Xiao-Guo", "Zhang, Zhong-Fa"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387682", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) is continuously and rapidly circulating at present. Asymptomatic patients have been proven to be contagious and thus pose a significant infection control challenge. Here we describe the characteristics of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Jinan, Shandong province, China. A total of 47 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were recruited. Among them, 11 patients were categorized as asymptomatic cases. We found that the asymptomatic patients in Jinan were relatively young and were mainly clustered cases. The laboratory indicators and lung lesion on chest CT were mild. No special factors were found accounting for the presence or absence of symptoms. The presence of asymptomatic patients increased the difficulty of screening. It is necessary to strengthen the identification of such patients in the future."}, {"pmid": 32405838, "pmcid": "PMC7218703", "title": "[Challenges of COVID-19 for nursing care in nursing homes].", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Halek, Margareta", "Reuther, Sven", "Schmidt, Jorg"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405838", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432723, "title": "Renin-angiotensin system and SARS-CoV-2 infection: there is a before and after.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Kuster, Gabriela M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432723", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497358, "title": "e-Mental Health Options in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Gaebel, Wolfgang", "Stricker, Johannes"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497358", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312026, "title": "An elderly couple with COVID-19 pneumonia treated in Singapore: contrasting clinical course and management.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Wong, Sin Yew", "Leong, Keng Hong", "Ng, Kheng Siang", "Tan, Seng Hoe", "Lo, Pau Lin Constance", "Chan, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312026", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467423, "title": "Potential mechanisms of cardiac injury and common pathways of inflammation in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Pathw Cardiol", "authors": ["Centurion, Osmar Antonio", "Scavenius, Karina E", "Garcia, Laura B", "Torales, Judith M", "Mino, Luis M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467423", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the lack of prospective, randomized, controlled clinical studies on inflammation and cardiovascular involvement, the exact mechanism of cardiac injury among patients with COVID-19 still remains uncertain. It was demonstrated that there is a high and significantly positive linear correlation between troponin T and plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, biomarkers of cardiac injury and systemic inflammation, respectively. Cardiac injury and inflammation is a relatively common association among patients hospitalized with COVID-19, and it is related to higher risk of in-hospital mortality. In our literature search, we identified several potential mechanisms of myocardial tissue damage, namely, coronavirus-associated acute myocarditis, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor binding affinity to the virus Spike protein, increased cytokine secretion, and hypoxia induced cardiac myocyte apoptosis. Elucidation of the disease pathogenesis and prospective histopathological studies are crucial for future proper treatment in case of renewed outbreaks. Of interest is that with hundred of thousands of bodies available for autopsy studies, no prospective investigation has been reported so far. Strong efforts and continued research of the cardiovascular complications and identification of risk factors for poor prognosis in COVID-19 are steadily needed. The high morbidity and mortality of COVID-19, its monumental economic burden and social impact, the despair of a new pandemic outbreak, and the thread of potential utilization of novel SARS-CoV2 as biologic weapons make it a preponderant necessity to better comprehend the therapeutic management of this lethal disease. Emerging as an acute infectious disease, COVID-19 may become a chronic epidemic because of genetic recombination. Therefore, we should be ready for the reemergence of COVID-19 or other coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32103304, "pmcid": "PMC7080068", "title": "Old Threat, New Enemy: Is Your Interventional Radiology Service Ready for the Coronavirus Disease 2019?", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Da Zhuang, Kun", "Tan, Bien Soo", "Tan, Ban Hock", "Too, Chow Wei", "Tay, Kiang Hiong"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32103304", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404676, "pmcid": "PMC7268834", "title": "A Combined Approach to Priorities of Surgical Oncology During the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Mazzaferro, Vincenzo", "Danelli, Piergiorgio", "Torzilli, Guido", "Busset, Michele Droz Dit", "Virdis, Matteo", "Sposito, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404676", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451002, "pmcid": "PMC7243771", "title": "Implications of the current COVID-19 pandemic for communication in healthcare.", "journal": "Patient Educ Couns", "authors": ["Rubinelli, Sara", "Myers, Kara", "Rosenbaum, Marcy", "Davis, Denise"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451002", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340677, "pmcid": "PMC7194946", "title": "Pulmonary Pathology of Early Phase 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340677", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436578, "title": "COVID-19 response in northwest Syria: innovation and community engagement in a complex conflict.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Ekzayez, Abdulkarim", "Al-Khalil, Munzer", "Jasiem, Mohamad", "Al Saleh, Raed", "Alzoubi, Zedoun", "Meagher, Kristen", "Patel, Preeti"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436578", "countries": ["Syrian Arab Republic"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite lacking capacity and resources, the health system in the northwest Syria is using innovative approaches for the containment of COVID-19. Lessons drawn from previous outbreaks in the region, such as the polio outbreak in 2013 and the annual seasonal influenza, have enabled the Early Warning and Response Network, a surveillance system to develop mechanisms of predicting risk and strengthening surveillance for the new pandemic. Social media tools such as WhatsApp are effectively collecting health information and communicating health messaging about COVID-19. Community engagement has also been scaled up, mobilizing local resources and encouraging thousands of volunteers to join the 'Volunteers against Corona' campaign. Bottom-up local governance technical entities, such as Idleb Health Directorate and the White Helmets, have played key leadership role in the response. These efforts need to be scaled up to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 in a region chronically affected by a complex armed conflict."}, {"pmid": 32470428, "pmcid": "PMC7250563", "title": "COVID-19 coagulopathy: an evolving story.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["The Lancet Haematology"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470428", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377058, "pmcid": "PMC7201236", "title": "Sustainability of Coronavirus on different surfaces.", "journal": "J Clin Exp Hepatol", "authors": ["Suman, Rajiv", "Javaid, Mohd", "Haleem, Abid", "Vaishya, Raju", "Bahl, Shashi", "Nandan, Devaki"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377058", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is the name of the disease supposedly manifested in December 2019 from Wuhan, because of virus named as SARS-CoV-2. Now this disease has spread to almost all other parts of the world. COVID-19 pandemic has various reasons for its dramatic worldwide increase. Here, we have studied Coronavirus sustainability on various surfaces. Various disinfectants and their roles are discussed from the available literature. The infection capabilities of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 for different materials are discussed and finally studies infection decay for SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32294454, "pmcid": "PMC7146721", "title": "Ventilation-Perfusion Scans During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Lee, Joseph C", "Chong, Jia Wen"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294454", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525093, "title": "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by hydroxychloroquine prescribed for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Delaleu, Jeremie", "Deniau, Benjamin", "Battistella, Maxime", "de Masson, Adele", "Bensaid, Benoit", "Jachiet, Marie", "Lazaridou, Ingrid", "Bagot, Martine", "Bouaziz, Jean-David"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525093", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475056, "title": "Psoriasis, COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: focusing on the risk of concomitant biological treatment.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Magnano, M", "Balestri, R", "Bardazzi, F", "Mazzatenta, C", "Girardelli, C R", "Rech, G"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475056", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302994, "pmcid": "PMC7164324", "title": "Editorial. A neurosurgery resident's response to COVID-19: anything but routine.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Choi, Bryan D"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302994", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425233, "pmcid": "PMC7233251", "title": "Leadership During Crisis: Lessons and Applications from the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Kaul, Vivek", "Shah, Vijay H", "El-Serag, Hashem"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425233", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364256, "pmcid": "PMC7267437", "title": "Paediatric ethical issues during the COVID-19 pandemic are not just about ventilator triage.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Haward, Marlyse F", "Moore, Gregory P", "Lantos, John", "Janvier, Annie"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364256", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238078, "pmcid": "PMC7171389", "title": "In-silico approaches to detect inhibitors of the human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus envelope protein ion channel.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Gupta, Manoj Kumar", "Vemula, Sarojamma", "Donde, Ravindra", "Gouda, Gayatri", "Behera, Lambodar", "Vadde, Ramakrishna"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238078", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic around the world is associated with 'severe acute respiratory syndrome' (SARS-CoV2) in humans. SARS-CoV2 is an enveloped virus and E proteins present in them are reported to form ion channels, which is mainly associated with pathogenesis. Thus, there is always a quest to inhibit these ion channels, which in turn may help in controlling diseases caused by SARS-CoV2 in humans. Considering this, in the present study, authors employed computational approaches for studying the structure as well as function of the human 'SARS-CoV2 E' protein as well as its interaction with various phytochemicals. Result obtained revealed that \u03b1-helix and loops present in this protein experience random movement under optimal condition, which in turn modulate ion channel activity; thereby aiding the pathogenesis caused via SARS-CoV2 in human and other vertebrates. However, after binding with Belachinal, Macaflavanone E, and Vibsanol B, the random motion of the human 'SARS-CoV2 E' protein gets reduced, this, in turn, inhibits the function of the 'SARS-CoV2 E' protein. It is pertinent to note that two amino acids, namely VAL25 and PHE26, play a key role while interacting with these three phytochemicals. As these three phytochemicals, namely, Belachinal, Macaflavanone E & Vibsanol B, have passed the ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity) property as well as 'Lipinski's Rule of 5s', they may be utilized as drugs in controlling disease caused via SARS-COV2, after further investigation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32381538, "title": "Stroke Health Care Use and COVID-19.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Derraz, I"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514348, "pmcid": "PMC7267755", "title": "How to deal with COVID-19 epidemic-related lockdown physical inactivity and sedentary increase in youth? Adaptation of Anses' benchmarks.", "journal": "Arch Public Health", "authors": ["Margaritis, Irene", "Houdart, Sabine", "El Ouadrhiri, Youssef", "Bigard, Xavier", "Vuillemin, Anne", "Duche, Pascale"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514348", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Faced with the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, regulatory measures aiming to prevent interpersonal contaminations have been undertaken and among these, lockdown. Due to strong restrictions out-of-home movements, we hypothesize that overall physical activity will decrease and sedentary behavior increase. This could result in highest exposure to the well-known risk related to insufficient physical activity. To mitigate physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors health-related risks related to children and adolescents lockdown and school closure, Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety) has adapted, within the first days of the public authorities' prescription, its former benchmarks. This paper supports and comments Anses' Opinion by raising the questions of whether, why, and how to deal with short- or medium-term lockdown-related physical inactivity and sedentary behavior increases. Short-term and unknown long term-impacts on mental health and well-being, physical fitness and eating behaviors clearly appearing for children and adolescents as being the main issues of concern are highlighted. Targeting the compensations of the physical inactivity increase, the types, frequencies and durations of physical activity, are adapted to restricted environment. Sedentary behavior limitation and frequent interruptions becomes a priority. Overall, considering children and adolescents, the emerging risk justifies proposing specific adaptations and type of activities in order to ensure maintaining health underpinned, at least partly, by physiological equilibrium and physical fitness and avoid the installation of new unhealthy habits or routines that young people could keep after lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32350048, "title": "Comparison of Commercially Available and Laboratory Developed Assays for in vitro Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Clinical Laboratories.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Lieberman, Joshua A", "Pepper, Gregory", "Naccache, Samia N", "Huang, Meei-Li", "Jerome, Keith R", "Greninger, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350048", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Multiple laboratory developed tests and commercially available assays have emerged to meet diagnostic needs related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. To date, there is limited comparison data for these different testing platforms. We compared the analytical performance of a laboratory developed test (LDT) developed in our clinical laboratory based on CDC primer sets and four commercially available, FDA emergency use authorized assays for SARS-CoV-2 (Cepheid, DiaSorin, Hologic Panther, and Roche Cobas) on a total of 169 nasopharyngeal swabs. The LDT and Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assays were the most sensitive assays for SARS-CoV-2 with 100% agreement across specimens. The Hologic Panther Fusion, DiaSorin Simplexa, and Roche Cobas 6800 only failed to detect positive specimens near the limit of detection of our CDC-based LDT assay. All assays were 100% specific, using our CDC-based LDT as the gold standard. Our results provide initial test performance characteristics for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and highlight the importance of having multiple viral detection testing platforms available in a public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32498023, "pmcid": "PMC7212957", "title": "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the COVID-19 pandemic: Reciprocal challenges.", "journal": "Respir Med Res", "authors": ["Deslee, G", "Zysman, M", "Burgel, P-R", "Perez, T", "Boyer, L", "Gonzalez, J", "Roche, N"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498023", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376306, "pmcid": "PMC7196547", "title": "A logistic growth model for COVID-19 proliferation: experiences from China and international implications in infectious diseases.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shen, Christopher Y"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376306", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 global pandemic continues its proliferation globally, this paper shares the findings and experiences of modelling the outbreak in China and its provinces and proposes implications for the study of infectious diseases and the COVID-19 pandemic in other nations. An NLS (non-linear least square) method estimated the parameters of a differentiated logistic growth function of new COVID-19 cases in multiple regions in China and nations with a large amount of cases based on training data from Feb. 20 to Mar. 13. A restriction test was subsequently employed to test whether a designated parameter was identical among regions or countries. We conducted diagnosis of the residuals and also its goodness of fit with testing data from Mar. 13 to Apr. 18. We find that the model fits time series data exceedingly well in China, its provinces, and two other nations, and we provide estimates of key parameters. We reject the null hypothesis that the growth rate of the outbreak is the same among ten selected provinces as well as between South Korea and Iran. We also find that the model does not provide reliable estimates in countries that are in the early stages of outbreak. We further find that the R2 value be varied and misleading when compared among different curves of the same nonlinear model, as well as the existence of heteroskedasticity and positive serial correlation within residuals in some provinces and nations. We believe that there is potential for our model to contribute to better public health policy combatting COVID-19 by providing a simple logistical framework for retrospectively analyzing the outbreak in regions that have already experienced maximal proliferation in cases. However, based upon our statistical findings, we outline certain pitfalls in modelling and their implications on results."}, {"pmid": 32338486, "title": "Air pollution and SARS-CoV-2 in the Po Valley: possible environmental persistence?", "journal": "Minerva Med", "authors": ["Di Cerbo, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338486", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500101, "pmcid": "PMC7261969", "title": "COVID-19 and telemedicine: A revolution in healthcare delivery is at hand.", "journal": "Health Sci Rep", "authors": ["Perrin, Paul B", "Pierce, Bradford S", "Elliott, Timothy R"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500101", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384202, "pmcid": "PMC7267247", "title": "Home-based training strategy to maintain muscle function in older adults with diabetes during COVID-19 confinement.", "journal": "J Diabetes", "authors": ["Guadalupe-Grau, Amelia", "Lopez-Torres, Olga", "Martos-Bermudez, Alvaro", "Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384202", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363133, "pmcid": "PMC7195610", "title": "The Inadequacy of Regulatory Frameworks in Time of Crisis and in Low-Resource Settings: Personal Protective Equipment and COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Technol (Berl)", "authors": ["Pecchia, Leandro", "Piaggio, Davide", "Maccaro, Alessia", "Formisano, Claudio", "Iadanza, Ernesto"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363133", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is plaguing the world and representing the most significant stress test for many national healthcare systems and services, since their foundation. The supply-chain disruption and the unprecedented request for intensive care unit (ICU) beds have created in Europe conditions typical of low-resources settings. This generated a remarkable race to find solutions for the prevention, treatment and management of this disease which is involving a large amount of people. Every day, new Do-It-Yourself (DIY) solutions regarding personal protective equipment and medical devices populate social media feeds. Many companies (e.g., automotive or textile) are converting their traditional production to manufacture the most needed equipment (e.g., respirators, face shields, ventilators etc.). In this chaotic scenario, policy makers, international and national standards bodies, along with the World Health Organization (WHO) and scientific societies are making a joint effort to increase global awareness and knowledge about the importance of respecting the relevant requirements to guarantee appropriate quality and safety for patients and healthcare workers. Nonetheless, ordinary procedures for testing and certification are currently questioned and empowered with fast-track pathways in order to speed-up the deployment of new solutions for COVID-19. This paper shares critical reflections on the current regulatory framework for the certification of personal protective equipment. We hope that these reflections may help readers in navigating the framework of regulations, norms and international standards relevant for key personal protective equipment, sharing a subset of tests that should be deemed essential even in a period of crisis."}, {"pmid": 32301752, "title": "Women and children first: the need for ringfencing during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Grunebaum, Amos", "Dudenhausen, Joachim", "McCullough, Laurence B", "Chervenak, Frank A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255475, "pmcid": "PMC7184462", "title": "Denominator matters in estimating COVID-19 mortality rates.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Gaye, Bamba", "Fanidi, Anouar", "Jouven, Xavier"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255475", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484227, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: A Collection of Relevant Publications from Military Medicine.", "journal": "Mil Med", "authors": ["Talbot, Laura A", "Haffner, William H J", "Rice, Charles L", "Rothwell, Stephen W"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484227", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339558, "pmcid": "PMC7194565", "title": "Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection in a Patient Evaluated for Ureteric Colic: Radiological Findings and Impact on Management.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Pang, Karl H", "Osman, Nadir I"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339558", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32141586, "title": "Novel Coronavirus 2019 (Sars-CoV2): a global emergency that needs new approaches?", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Perrella, A", "Carannante, N", "Berretta, M", "Rinaldi, M", "Maturo, N", "Rinaldi, L"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32141586", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366746, "title": "Guidance for the management of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Qu, Jie-Ming", "Wang, Chen", "Cao, Bin"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366746", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China and later the disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially announced that COVID-19 had reached global pandemic status. This article summarized the understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention and control measures of COVID-19 based on the available data and anti-epidemic experience in China."}, {"pmid": 32242349, "pmcid": "PMC7131906", "title": "School Opening Delay Effect on Transmission Dynamics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: Based on Mathematical Modeling and Simulation Study.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Soyoung", "Kim, Yae Jean", "Peck, Kyong Ran", "Jung, Eunok"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242349", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nonpharmaceutical intervention strategy is significantly important to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread. One of the interventions implemented by the government is a school closure. The Ministry of Education decided to postpone the school opening from March 2 to April 6 to minimize epidemic size. We aimed to quantify the school closure effect on the COVID-19 epidemic. The potential effects of school opening were measured using a mathematical model considering two age groups: children (aged 19 years and younger) and adults (aged over 19). Based on susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model, isolation and behavior-changed susceptible individuals are additionally considered. The transmission parameters were estimated from the laboratory confirmed data reported by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from February 16 to March 22. The model was extended with estimated parameters and estimated the expected number of confirmed cases as the transmission rate increased after school opening. Assuming the transmission rate between children group would be increasing 10 fold after the schools open, approximately additional 60 cases are expected to occur from March 2 to March 9, and approximately additional 100 children cases are expected from March 9 to March 23. After March 23, the number of expected cases for children is 28.4 for 7 days and 33.6 for 14 days. The simulation results show that the government could reduce at least 200 cases, with two announcements by the Ministry of education. After March 23, although the possibility of massive transmission in the children's age group is lower, group transmission is possible to occur."}, {"pmid": 32416771, "pmcid": "PMC7255114", "title": "COVID-19 in patients with HIV.", "journal": "Lancet HIV", "authors": ["Jones, Rachael", "Nelson, Mark", "Bracchi, Margherita", "Asboe, David", "Boffito, Marta"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416771", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478959, "title": "Topical rh-aFGF: An effective therapeutic agent for facemask wearing-induced pressure sores.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Luo, Pan", "Liu, Dong", "Li, Juan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478959", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Protecting healthcare workers is crucial during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and facemask wearing is considered an effective measure to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, long-time use of a facemask can cause pressure sores on the ears and nose bridge and increase the risk of infection. The topical recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor (rh-aFGF) was used to cure pressure sores for healthcare workers at Zhongfaxincheng campus of Tongji Hospital. The results from a small sample size survey conducted in Zhongfaxincheng campuses of Tongji Hospital showed that treatment with topical rh-aFGF could significantly inhibit the progression of pressure sores and accelerate the wound healing with no apparent ill-effects. Therefore, we propose that topical rh-aFGF is an effective therapeutic agent for facemask wearing-induced pressure sores and worth of popularizing and applying. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32398286, "title": "Covid-19: Government must change course or risk further wave of infections, scientists warn.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398286", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32191341, "pmcid": "PMC7163529", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: The harms of exaggerated information and non-evidence-based measures.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Ioannidis, John P A"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191341", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272153, "pmcid": "PMC7194625", "title": "ASE Statement on Protection of Patients and Echocardiography Service Providers During the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Kirkpatrick, James N", "Mitchell, Carol", "Taub, Cynthia", "Kort, Smadar", "Hung, Judy", "Swaminathan, Madhav"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272153", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287808, "pmcid": "PMC7130841", "title": "Why the WHO won't use the p-word.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["MacKenzie, Debora"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287808", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are no criteria for a pandemic, but covid-19 looks like one, says Debora MacKenzie."}, {"pmid": 32202489, "pmcid": "PMC7113321", "title": "Risk of COVID-19 importation to the Pacific islands through global air travel.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Craig, A T", "Heywood, A E", "Hall, J"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202489", "countries": ["France", "Guam", "Korea, Republic of", "Singapore", "Australia", "Palau", "China", "Japan", "Papua New Guinea", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Fiji"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 30 January 2020, WHO declared coronavirus (COVID-19) a global public health emergency. As of 12 March 2020, 125 048 confirmed COVID-19 cases in 118 countries had been reported. On 12 March 2020, the first case in the Pacific islands was reported in French Polynesia; no other Pacific island country or territory has reported cases. The purpose of our analysis is to show how travellers may introduce COVID-19 into the Pacific islands and discuss the role robust health systems play in protecting health and reducing transmission risk. We analyse travel and Global Health Security Index data using a scoring tool to produce quantitative estimates of COVID-19 importation risk, by departing and arriving country. Our analysis indicates that, as of 12 March 2020, the highest risk air routes by which COVID-19 may be imported into the Pacific islands are from east Asian countries (specifically, China, Korea and Japan) to north Pacific airports (likely Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands or, to a less extent, Palau); or from China, Japan, Singapore, the United States of America or France to south Pacific ports (likely, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, French Polynesia or New Caledonia). Other importation routes include from other east Asian countries to Guam, and from Australia, New Zealand and other European countries to the south Pacific. The tool provides a useful method for assessing COVID-19 importation risk and may be useful in other settings."}, {"pmid": 32367256, "pmcid": "PMC7197920", "title": "Nuclear medicine services after COVID-19: gearing up back to normality.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Huang, H L", "Gnanasegaran, G", "Paez, D", "Fanti, S", "Hacker, M", "Sathekge, M", "Bom, H S", "Cerci, J J", "Chiti, A", "Lan, X", "Herrmann, K", "Scott, A M", "Vinjamuri, S", "Dorbala, S", "Estrada, E", "Pellet, O", "Orellana, P", "El-Haj, N", "Giammarile, F", "Abdel-Wahab, M", "Bomanji, Jamshed"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367256", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500416, "pmcid": "PMC7272107", "title": "Responsible Return to Essential and Non-Essential Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gastrointest Surg", "authors": ["Poulose, Benjamin K", "Phieffer, Laura S", "Mayerson, Joel", "Like, Daniel", "Forrest, L Arick", "Rahmanian, Armin", "Bellamy, Brooke", "Guertin, Michael", "Pawlik, Timothy M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500416", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Non-essential surgery had largely been suspended during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Enormous amounts of resources were utilized to shift surgical practices to a \"disaster footing\" with most elective surgeons assuming new roles to offset the anticipated burden from surgical and medical personnel delivering acute care. As the number of COVID-19-infected patients began to plateau in the state of Ohio, a four-phase \"Responsible Return to Surgery\" approach was adopted in concert with the Ohio Department of Health and the Ohio Hospital Association. This approach was adopted understanding that a simple return to the status quo prior to the COVID-19 pandemic might be harmful to patients, providers, and staff. The discrete phases undertaken at our quaternary care institution for a responsible return to non-essential surgery are outlined with the goal of ensuring timely care, minimizing community transmission, and preserving personal protective equipment. Operationalizing these phases relied upon the widespread use of telehealth, systematic COVID-19 testing, and real-time monitoring of hospital and personal protective equipment resources."}, {"pmid": 32506549, "title": "COVID-19: a global threat to the nervous system.", "journal": "Ann Neurol", "authors": ["Koralnik, Igor J", "Tyler, Kenneth L"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506549", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In less than 6\u2009months, the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide infecting nearly 6 million people and killing over 350,000. Initially thought to be restricted to the respiratory system, we now understand that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also involves multiple other organs including the central and peripheral nervous system. The number of recognized neurologic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly accumulating. These may result from a variety of mechanisms including virus-induced hyper-inflammatory and hypercoagulable states, direct virus infection of the CNS, and post-infectious immune mediated processes. Example of COVID-19 CNS disease include encephalopathy, encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, meningitis, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, venous sinus thrombosis and endothelialitis. In the peripheral nervous system COVID-19 is associated with dysfunction of smell and taste, muscle injury, the Guillain-Barre syndrome and its variants. Due to its worldwide distribution and multifactorial pathogenic mechanisms, COVID-19 poses a global threat to the entire nervous system. While our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathogenesis is still incomplete and our knowledge is evolving rapidly, we hope that this review will provide a useful framework and help neurologists in understanding the many neurologic facets of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32209313, "pmcid": "PMC7270501", "title": "New therapeutic opportunities for COVID-19 patients with Tocilizumab: Possible correlation of interleukin-6 receptor inhibitors with osteonecrosis of the jaws.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Bennardo, Francesco", "Buffone, Caterina", "Giudice, Amerigo"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209313", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271459, "title": "Clinical characteristics of 161 cases of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Changsha.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Zheng, F", "Tang, W", "Li, H", "Huang, Y-X", "Xie, Y-L", "Zhou, Z-G"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271459", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new type of coronavirus-infected pneumonia broke out in Wuhan and spread rapidly to other parts of the country. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A retrospective analysis was performed on the confirmed cases of COVID-19, who were admitted to the North Hospital of Changsha first Hospital (Changsha Public Health treatment Center) from January 17 to February 7, 2020. The median age of COVID-19 patients was 45 years (range 33.5-57). The male patients accounted for 49.7%, 64.6% of the patients had a history of exposure in Wuhan, and 31.7% had family aggregation. The median days of onset were six, and the incidence of severe illness was 18.6%. Compared with the non-severe group, the severe group showed statistical significance in older age, hypertension, bilateral lung plaque shadow, decrease in lymphocyte count, increase in C-reactive protein (CRP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase. Age, combined hypertension, oxygenation index, double lung patch, decreased lymphocyte count, and elevated levels of C-reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase can be used as predictors of the disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32362735, "pmcid": "PMC7193139", "title": "Insights into the inhibitory potential of selective phytochemicals against Mpro of 2019-nCoV: a computer-aided study.", "journal": "Struct Chem", "authors": ["Rasool, Nouman", "Akhtar, Ammara", "Hussain, Waqar"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362735", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, given the name of 2019-nCoV, emerged for exhibiting symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome. The virus is spreading rapidly in China and around the globe, affecting thousands of people leading to a pandemic. To control the mortality rate associated with the 2019-nCoV, prompt steps are needed. Until now there is no effective treatment or drug present to control its life-threatening effects in the humans. The scientist is struggling to find new inhibitors of this deadly virus. In this study, to identify the effective inhibitor candidates against the main protease (Mpro) of 2019-nCoV, computational approaches were adopted. Phytochemicals having immense medicinal properties as ligands were docked against the Mpro of 2019-nCoV to study their binding properties. ADMET and DFT analyses were also further carried out to analyze the potential of these phytochemicals as an effective inhibitor against Mpro of 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32398228, "title": "Helen Salisbury: GPs still have no access to coronavirus testing.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Salisbury, Helen"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398228", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311273, "title": "Managing COVID-19-Positive Maternal-Infant Dyads: An Italian Experience.", "journal": "Breastfeed Med", "authors": ["Salvatori, Guglielmo", "De Rose, Domenico Umberto", "Concato, Carlo", "Alario, Dario", "Olivini, Nicole", "Dotta, Andrea", "Campana, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311273", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382213, "pmcid": "PMC7203062", "title": "The scientific literature on Coronaviruses, COVID-19 and its associated safety-related research dimensions: A scientometric analysis and scoping review.", "journal": "Saf Sci", "authors": ["Haghani, Milad", "Bliemer, Michiel C J", "Goerlandt, Floris", "Li, Jie"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382213", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic has generated an abundance of research quickly following the outbreak. Within only a few months, more than a thousand studies on this topic have already appeared in the scientific literature. In this short review, we analyse the bibliometric aspects of these studies on a macro level, as well as those addressing Coronaviruses in general. Furthermore, through a scoping analysis of the literature on COVID-19, we identify the main safety-related dimensions that these studies have thus far addressed. Our findings show that across various research domains, and apart from the medical and clinical aspects such as the safety of vaccines and treatments, issues related to patient transport safety, occupational safety of healthcare professionals, biosafety of laboratories and facilities, social safety, food safety, and particularly mental/psychological health and domestic safety have thus far attracted most attention of the scientific community in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis also uncovers various potentially significant safety problems caused by this global health emergency which currently have attracted only limited scientific focus but may warrant more attention. These include matters such as cyber safety, economic safety, and supply-chain safety. These findings highlight why, from an academic research perspective, a holistic interdisciplinary approach and a collective scientific effort is required to help understand and mitigate the various safety impacts of this crisis whose implications reach far beyond the bio-medical risks. Such holistic safety-scientific understanding of the COVID-19 crisis can furthermore be instrumental to be better prepared for a future pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32354722, "pmcid": "PMC7211074", "title": "Indications regarding the management of interventional clinical trials with drugs during the current COVID-19 emergency in Italy.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Pinto, Carmine", "Cagnazzo, Celeste"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354722", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311322, "pmcid": "PMC7164862", "title": "Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Principi, Nicola", "Esposito, Susanna"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311322", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513062, "title": "Family-Centered Information Dissemination: A Multidisciplinary Virtual COVID-19 \"Town Hall\".", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Jayawardena, Asitha D L", "Romano, Sarah", "Callans, Kevin", "Fracchia, M Shannon", "Hartnick, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513062", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Significant misinformation about COVID-19 has been spread on the internet. Parents of children with complex aerodigestive problems have a hard time understanding the information they encounter on the internet and the news media and interpreting how it relates to their child's complex needs. Our multidisciplinary team, at the suggestion of a parent, hosted 3 virtual \"town halls\" in which families could ask questions directly of pediatric otolaryngology, pediatric pulmonology and case management in order to efficiently obtain factual evidence-based up-to-date advice. The information discussed at the town halls was then annotated and disseminated via active, parent-run aerodigestive social media forums. The information disseminated via the town halls reached 4787 Facebook participants."}, {"pmid": 32125132, "title": "[Expert recommendations on the management of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer during epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (Trial version)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125132", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of major international concern. Given the systemic immunosuppressive state caused by malignancy and anticancer treatments, patients with advanced lung cancer may be at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection. During epidemic of COVID-19, a guideline for the optimal management of patients with advanced lung cancer urgently needs to be proposed to distinguish the symptoms of COVID-19 and the side effects of antitumor drugs. This network questionnaire survey was conducted on the lung cancer group of the Chinese Thoracic Society, Chinese Medical Association; the lung cancer group of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Youth Committee; and the Chinese Respiratory Oncology Collaboration. 321 valid questionnaires were received. Based on the guidelines on lung cancer and the results of the questionnaires, a consensus was reached. During the epidemic of COVID-19, We recommended that patients with advanced NSCLC should be treated as outpatients as possible at the nearest medical center; Patients who need to be hospitalized for antitumor treatment should be excluded from COVID-19 infection; More intensive attention should be paid to identification of COVID-19-related symptoms and adverse reactions caused by the malignancy or antitumor treatments. Stronger personal protection should be made for advanced NSCLC patients; An intentional postponing of antitumor treatment should be considered according to patient performance status. Treatment strategies should be made according to different types of advanced NSCLC patients and efficacy and toxicity of drugs."}, {"pmid": 32400303, "title": "Medically Vulnerable Clinicians and Unnecessary Risk During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Janvier, Annie", "Lantos, John D"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32075877, "pmcid": "PMC7164637", "title": "Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Wrapp, Daniel", "Wang, Nianshuang", "Corbett, Kizzmekia S", "Goldsmith, Jory A", "Hsieh, Ching-Lin", "Abiona, Olubukola", "Graham, Barney S", "McLellan, Jason S"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32075877", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) represents a pandemic threat that has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. The CoV spike (S) glycoprotein is a key target for vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, and diagnostics. To facilitate medical countermeasure development, we determined a 3.5-angstrom-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the 2019-nCoV S trimer in the prefusion conformation. The predominant state of the trimer has one of the three receptor-binding domains (RBDs) rotated up in a receptor-accessible conformation. We also provide biophysical and structural evidence that the 2019-nCoV S protein binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) with higher affinity than does severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV S. Additionally, we tested several published SARS-CoV RBD-specific monoclonal antibodies and found that they do not have appreciable binding to 2019-nCoV S, suggesting that antibody cross-reactivity may be limited between the two RBDs. The structure of 2019-nCoV S should enable the rapid development and evaluation of medical countermeasures to address the ongoing public health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32334086, "pmcid": "PMC7194668", "title": "Travel rush during Chinese Spring Festival and the 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Juan", "Feng, Zhan-Hui", "Ye, Lan", "Cheng, Yong-Ran", "Zhou, Meng-Yun", "Li, Yafei", "Du, Chong", "Wang, Liansheng", "Wang, Ming-Wei"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334086", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198152, "title": "COVID-19 in gastroenterology: a clinical perspective.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Ong, John", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Ong, Sharon"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198152", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504371, "pmcid": "PMC7274938", "title": "Gastric Occlusion due to the Intragastric Balloon Displacement in the Era of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Pandemic, Operative Management: a Case Report.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Sarro, Giuliano Riccardo", "Ceccarossi, Virginia", "Arborio, Elisa", "Bindi, Marco", "Tripodi, Vincenzo", "Rivolta, Umberto", "Ursini, Giuseppe", "Marconi, Matteo"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504371", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512077, "title": "Post-lockdown management of oncological priorities and postponed radiation therapy following the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience of the institut curie.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Beddok, Arnaud", "Calugaru, Valentin", "Minsat, Mathieu", "Dendale, Remi", "De Oliveira, Aurelien", "Costa, Emilie", "Goudjil, Farid", "Belshi, Rezart", "Pierrat, Noelle", "Rochas, Christophe", "Gravigny, Anne Catherine", "Soisick, Lucas", "Fleury, Helene Colella", "Crehange, Gilles"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512077", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526596, "title": "Midwifery education in COVID-19- time: Challenges and opportunities.", "journal": "Midwifery", "authors": ["Luyben, Ans", "Fleming, Valerie", "Vermeulen, Joeri"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526596", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403024, "pmcid": "PMC7198430", "title": "'Age and ageism in COVID-19': Elderly mental health-care vulnerabilities and needs.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Banerjee, Debanjan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403024", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375105, "pmcid": "PMC7189867", "title": "Effect of lockdown amid COVID-19 pandemic on air quality of the megacity Delhi, India.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Mahato, Susanta", "Pal, Swades", "Ghosh, Krishna Gopal"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375105", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a nationwide lockdown is imposed in India initially for three weeks from 24th March to 14th April 2020 and extended up to 3rd May 2020. Due to the forced restrictions, pollution level in cities across the country drastically slowed down just within few days which magnetize discussions regarding lockdown to be the effectual alternative measures to be implemented for controlling air pollution. The present article eventually worked on this direction to look upon the air quality scenario amidst the lockdown period scientifically with special reference to the megacity Delhi. With the aid of air quality data of seven pollutant parameters (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and NH3) for 34 monitoring stations spread over the megacity we have employed National Air Quality Index (NAQI) to show the spatial pattern of air quality in pre and during-lockdown phases. The results demonstrated that during lockdown air quality is significantly improved. Among the selected pollutants, concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 have witnessed maximum reduction (>50%) in compare to the pre-lockdown phase. In compare to the last year (i.e. 2019) during the said time period the reduction of PM10 and PM2.5 is as high as about 60% and 39% respectively. Among other pollutants, NO2 (-52.68%) and CO (-30.35%) level have also reduced during-lockdown phase. About 40% to 50% improvement in air quality is identified just after four days of commencing lockdown. About 54%, 49%, 43%, 37% and 31% reduction in NAQI have been observed in Central, Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern parts of the megacity. Overall, the study is thought to be a useful supplement to the regulatory bodies since it showed the pollution source control can attenuate the air quality. Temporary such source control in a suitable time interval may heal the environment."}, {"pmid": 32145156, "pmcid": "PMC7228295", "title": "The ongoing crises in China illustrate that the assessment of epidemics in isolation is no longer sufficient.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Stoffel, Carla", "Schuppers, Manon", "Buholzer, Patrik", "Munoz, Violeta", "Lechner, Isabel", "Sperling, Ulrich", "Kuker, Susanne", "De Nardi, Marco"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145156", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215365, "pmcid": "PMC7061893", "title": "A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations.", "journal": "Gen Psychiatr", "authors": ["Qiu, Jianyin", "Shen, Bin", "Zhao, Min", "Wang, Zhen", "Xie, Bin", "Xu, Yifeng"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215365", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic emerged in Wuhan, China, spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020. The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people's lives. It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems, such as panic disorder, anxiety and depression. This study is the first nationwide large-scale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32497511, "pmcid": "PMC7263820", "title": "Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection for prevention of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["MacIntyre, C Raina", "Wang, Quanyi"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497511", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223581, "pmcid": "PMC7201197", "title": "International Perspectives Concerning Donor Milk Banking During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Hum Lact", "authors": ["Marinelli, Kathleen A"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223581", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427195, "pmcid": "PMC7232608", "title": "Weaker together or weaker apart? Great power relations after the coronavirus.", "journal": "Asia Eur J", "authors": ["Biscop, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427195", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425297, "pmcid": "PMC7227538", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in very preterm pregnancy: experiences from two cases.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Cooke, William R", "Billett, Anne", "Gleeson, Suzie", "Jacques, Andrew", "Place, Kelly", "Siddall, Jane", "Walden, Andrew", "Soulsby, Kim"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425297", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32162858, "title": "[Epidemiological investigation on a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 in a collective workplace in Tianjin].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Y", "Su, X", "Chen, W", "Fei, C N", "Guo, L R", "Wu, X L", "Zhou, N", "Guo, Y T", "Dong, X C", "Zhao, Y", "Wang, H W", "Pan, Y", "Zuo, L J"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162858", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate and analysis the epidemiological characteristics of a cluster epidemic of COIVD-19 in a collective workplace in Tianjin, evduate the prevention and control measures based on limited evidence and experience in early period of COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: Descriptive research method was used to describe the distribution and other epidemiological characteristics of the cluster cases of COVID-19. Results: Since the onset of the first index case on January 15, ten confirmed COVID-19 cases had occurred in the workplace, and the epidemic had spread from the workplace to 4 families, infecting 7 family members. The median age of 17 cases was 55 (19-79) years. All the 10 employee cases were males, and in the family cases, 3 were males and 4 were females. Of the employee cases, 8 worked in CW workshop and 2 worked in administrative office building. The median exposure-onset interval of all the cases was 4 days, and the median exposure-onset interval was 4.5 days in the employee cases and 4 days in the family cases. The median onset-medical care seeking interval was 4 days in the non-isolated cases, 2.5 days in the cases with home isolation after onset, and 0.5 day in the cases with home isolation before onset. Conclusions: The clustering of COVID-19 cases was observed in this workplace in Tianjin, which affected 4 families. In the early stage of the epidemic, accurate and rapid blocking and control measures can completely prevent the large-scale spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32426027, "pmcid": "PMC7227506", "title": "\"Please doctor, could you tell him that I love him?\": letter from plastic surgeons at the COVID-19 warfront.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Sallam, Dr Davide", "Carminati, Dr Marcello", "Mevio, Dr Gabriele", "Verga, Dr Maurizio", "Codazzi, Dr Denis"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426027", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327202, "pmcid": "PMC7194105", "title": "Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Su, Hua", "Yang, Ming", "Wan, Cheng", "Yi, Li-Xia", "Tang, Fang", "Zhu, Hong-Yan", "Yi, Fan", "Yang, Hai-Chun", "Fogo, Agnes B", "Nie, Xiu", "Zhang, Chun"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327202", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the respiratory and immune systems are the major targets of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), acute kidney injury and proteinuria have also been observed. Currently, detailed pathologic examination of kidney damage in critically ill patients with COVID-19 has been lacking. To help define this we analyzed kidney abnormalities in 26 autopsies of patients with COVID-19 by light microscopy, ultrastructural observation and immunostaining. Patients were on average 69 years (19 male and 7 female) with respiratory failure associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome as the cause of death. Nine of the 26 showed clinical signs of kidney injury that included increased serum creatinine and/or new-onset proteinuria. By light microscopy, diffuse proximal tubule injury with the loss of brush border, non-isometric vacuolar degeneration, and even frank necrosis was observed. Occasional hemosiderin granules and pigmented casts were identified. There were prominent erythrocyte aggregates obstructing the lumen of capillaries without platelet or fibrinoid material. Evidence of vasculitis, interstitial inflammation or hemorrhage was absent. Electron microscopic examination showed clusters of coronavirus-like particles with distinctive spikes in the tubular epithelium and podocytes. Furthermore, the receptor of SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 was found to be upregulated in patients with COVID-19, and immunostaining with SARS-CoV nucleoprotein antibody was positive in tubules. In addition to the direct virulence of SARS-CoV-2, factors contributing to acute kidney injury included systemic hypoxia, abnormal coagulation, and possible drug or hyperventilation-relevant rhabdomyolysis. Thus, our studies provide direct evidence of the invasion of SARSCoV-2 into kidney tissue. These findings will greatly add to the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32405157, "pmcid": "PMC7218370", "title": "The dilemmas of the classification of SARS-CoV-2 infection without clinical manifestations: asymptomatic or presymptomatic.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Arteaga-Livias, Kovy", "Pecho-Silva, Samuel", "Panduro-Correa, Vicky", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405157", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503812, "title": "Elevation of blood glucose level predicts worse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care", "authors": ["Wu, Jianfeng", "Huang, Jianqiang", "Zhu, Guochao", "Wang, Qiongya", "Lv, Qingquan", "Huang, Ying", "Yu, Yang", "Si, Xiang", "Yi, Hui", "Wang, Cuiping", "Liu, Yihao", "Xiao, Han", "Zhou, Qian", "Liu, Xin", "Yang, Daya", "Guan, Xiangdong", "Li, Yanbing", "Peng, Sui", "Sung, Joseph", "Xiao, Haipeng"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503812", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With intense deficiency of medical resources during COVID-19 pandemic, risk stratification is of strategic importance. Blood glucose level is an important risk factor for the prognosis of infection and critically ill patients. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of blood glucose level in patients with COVID-19. We collected clinical and survival information of 2041 consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from two medical centers in Wuhan. Patients without available blood glucose level were excluded. We performed multivariable Cox regression to calculate HRs of blood glucose-associated indexes for the risk of progression to critical cases/mortality among non-critical cases, as well as in-hospital mortality in critical cases. Sensitivity analysis were conducted in patient without diabetes. Elevation of admission blood glucose level was an independent risk factor for progression to critical cases/death among non-critical cases (HR=1.30, 95%\u2009CI 1.03 to 1.63, p=0.026). Elevation of initial blood glucose level of critical diagnosis was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in critical cases (HR=1.84, 95%\u2009CI 1.14 to 2.98, p=0.013). Higher median glucose level during hospital stay or after critical diagnosis (\u22656.1\u2009mmol/L) was independently associated with increased risks of progression to critical cases/death among non-critical cases, as well as in-hospital mortality in critical cases. Above results were consistent in the sensitivity analysis in patients without diabetes. Elevation of blood glucose level predicted worse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Our findings may provide a simple and practical way to risk stratify COVID-19 inpatients for hierarchical management, particularly where medical resources are in severe shortage during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32428115, "pmcid": "PMC7213672", "title": "Surgical Practice in the Current COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Systematic Review.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Hojaij, Flavio Carneiro", "Chinelatto, Lucas Albuquerque", "Boog, Gustavo Henrique Pereira", "Kasmirski, Julia Adriana", "Lopes, Joao Vitor Ziroldo", "Sacramento, Fernando Mauad"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428115", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak </mac_aq>started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and evolved into a global problem in a short period. The pandemic has led to many social and health-care challenges. In this context, surgery is an area that is facing the need for many adaptations. In this systematic literature review, we analyzed different perspectives concerning this situation, aiming to provide recommendations that could guide surgeons and </mac_aq>entities toward screening, elective and emergency surgeries, decision making, and operating room management. A computerized search in PubMed, Scopus, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) for relevant literature up to April 4, 2020, was performed. Articles were included if they were related to surgery dynamics in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 281 articles found in our initial search and 15 articles from alternative sources, 39 were included in our review after a systematic evaluation. Concerning preoperative testing </mac_aq>for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, 29 (74.4%) articles recommended some kind of </mac_aq>screening. Another major suggestion was postponing all (or at least selected) elective operations (29 articles, </mac_aq>74.4%). Several additional recommendations with respect to surgical practice or surgical staff were also assessed and discussed, such as performing laparoscopic surgeries and avoiding the use of electrocauterization. On the basis of the current literature, we concluded that any surgery that can be delayed should be postponed. COVID-19 screening is strongly recommended for all surgical cases. Moreover, surgical staff should be reduced to the essential members and provided with institutional psychological support."}, {"pmid": 32369396, "title": "Outpatient Inhaled Nitric Oxide in a Patient with Vasoreactive IPAH and COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Zamanian, Roham T", "Pollack, Charles V Jr", "Gentile, Michael A", "Rashid, Moira", "Fox, John Christian", "Mahaffey, Kenneth W", "de Jesus Perez, Vinicio"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369396", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283216, "pmcid": "PMC7151488", "title": "COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital from Romania: Epidemiology, preparedness and clinical challenges.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Popescu, Corneliu Petru", "Marin, Alexandru", "Melinte, Violeta", "Gherlan, George Sebastian", "Banicioiu, Filofteia Cojanu", "Dogaru, Adelina", "Smadu, Sebastian", "Veja, Ana Maria", "Nedu, Elena", "Stanciu, Delia", "Voinescu, Bianca", "Simion, Valentina", "Toderan, Andreea", "Dascalu, Amalia", "Oprisan, Corina", "Tardei, Gratiela", "Nica, Maria", "Ceausu, Emanoil", "Ruta, Simona Maria", "Florescu, Simin Aysel"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283216", "countries": ["Romania"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487491, "pmcid": "PMC7205689", "title": "Adolescents' Motivations to Engage in Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Associations With Mental and Social Health.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Oosterhoff, Benjamin", "Palmer, Cara A", "Wilson, Jenna", "Shook, Natalie"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487491", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reducing the spread of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic prompted recommendations for individuals to socially distance. Little is known about the extent to which youth are socially distancing, what motivations underlie their social distancing, and how these motivations are connected with amount of social distancing, mental health, and social health. Using a large sample of adolescents from across the United States, this study examined adolescents' motivations for social distancing, their engagement in social distancing, and their mental and social health. Data were collected on March 29th and 30th, 2020, two weeks after COVID-19 was declared a national emergency in the United States. The sample consisted of 683 adolescents recruited using social media. A series of multiple linear regressions examined unique associations among adolescents' motivations to engage in social distancing, perceived amount of social distancing, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, burdensomeness, and belongingness. Almost all respondents (98.1%) reported engaging in at least a little social distancing. The most commonly reported motivations for social distancing concerned social responsibility and not wanting others to get sick. Motivations concerning state or city lockdowns, parental rules, and social responsibility were associated with greater social distancing, whereas motivations concerning no alternatives were associated with less social distancing. Specific motivations for social distancing were differentially associated with adolescents' anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, burdensomeness, and belongingness. Understanding adolescents' motivations to engage in social distancing may inform strategies to increase social distancing engagement, reduce pathogen transmission, and identify individual differences in mental and social health during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32367837, "title": "Gastrointestinal and liver manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Saudi J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Cheong, Janice", "Bartell, Nichoals", "Peeraphatdit, Thoetchai", "Mosli, Mahmoud", "Al-Judaibi, Bandar"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367837", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. While patients typically present with fever and symptoms of a respiratory illness, patients have also presented with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. In addition, some patients were reported to have liver injury. In this article, we review gastrointestinal and liver aspects of COVID-19. In addition, we provide general gastroenterologists with guidance on the management of patients with gastrointestinal and liver disorders from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32100024, "title": "De-isolating COVID-19 Suspect Cases: A Continuing Challenge.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tay, Jun-Yang", "Lim, Poh Lian", "Marimuthu, Kalisvar", "Sadarangani, Sapna Pradip", "Ling, Li Min", "Ang, Brenda Sze Peng", "Chan, Monica", "Leo, Yee-Sin", "Vasoo, Shawn"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100024", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276099, "pmcid": "PMC7141455", "title": "Rapid De-Escalation and Triaging Patients in Community-Based Palliative Care.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Tran, David L", "Lai, Steve R", "Salah, Ramy Y", "Wong, Angela Y", "Bryon, Jill N", "McKenna, Meghan C", "Chan, Yvonne K"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276099", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created a rapid and unprecedented shift in our medical system. Medical providers, teams, and organizations have needed to shift their visits away from face-to-face visits and toward telehealth (both by phone and through video). Palliative care teams who practice in the community setting are faced with a difficult task: How do we actively triage the most urgent visits while keeping our vulnerable patients safe from the pandemic? The following are recommendations created by the Palo Alto Medical Foundation Palliative Care and Support Services team to help triage and coordinate for timely, safe, and effective palliative care in the community and outpatient setting during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Patients are initially triaged based on location followed by acuity. Interdisciplinary care is implemented using strict infection control guidelines in the setting of limited personal protective equipment resources. We implement thorough screening for COVID-19 symptoms at multiple levels before a patient is seen by a designated provider. We recommend active triaging, communication, and frequent screening for COVID-19 symptoms for palliative care patients been evaluated in the community setting. An understanding of infection risk, mutual consent between designated providers, patients, and their families are crucial to maintaining safety while delivering community-based palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32322805, "pmcid": "PMC7174187", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic expanding in sub-Saharan Africa: Considerations for COVID-19 in people living with HIV.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Drain, Paul K", "Garrett, Nigel"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322805", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371473, "pmcid": "PMC7205520", "title": "Correction for Dietz et al., \"2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Built Environment Considerations To Reduce Transmission\".", "journal": "mSystems", "authors": ["Dietz, Leslie", "Horve, Patrick F", "Coil, David A", "Fretz, Mark", "Eisen, Jonathan A", "Wymelenberg, Kevin Van Den"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371473", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361100, "pmcid": "PMC7182751", "title": "Amantadine as a drug to mitigate the effects of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Aranda Abreu, Gonzalo Emiliano", "Hernandez Aguilar, Maria Elena", "Herrera Covarrubias, Deissy", "Rojas Duran, Fausto"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361100", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread around the world. At this time, there is no vaccine that can help people prevent the spread of coronavirus. We are proposing amantadine as a drug that can be used to mitigate the effects of the virus. It is demonstrated by docking models how amantadine can exert its action on Coronavirus viroporin E."}, {"pmid": 32425325, "pmcid": "PMC7231489", "title": "Intra-arterial thrombosis associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Hamilton, Kirsten Victoria", "Hussey, Keith Kelso"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425325", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247204, "pmcid": "PMC7138158", "title": "The impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on head and neck cancer patients' care.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["De Felice, Francesca", "Polimeni, Antonella", "Tombolini, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312113, "pmcid": "PMC7188060", "title": "Update on COVID-19 From the Journal.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Gropler, Robert J", "Davila-Roman, Victor G"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312113", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512207, "title": "JOINT SOCIETY STATEMENT ON ELECTIVE SURGERY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512207", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498076, "title": "Association of hypertension and antihypertensive treatment with COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective observational study.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Gao, Chao", "Cai, Yue", "Zhang, Kan", "Zhou, Lei", "Zhang, Yao", "Zhang, Xijing", "Li, Qi", "Li, Weiqin", "Yang, Shiming", "Zhao, Xiaoyan", "Zhao, Yuying", "Wang, Hui", "Liu, Yi", "Yin, Zhiyong", "Zhang, Ruining", "Wang, Rutao", "Yang, Ming", "Hui, Chen", "Wijns, William", "McEvoy, J William", "Soliman, Osama", "Onuma, Yoshinobu", "Serruys, Patrick W", "Tao, Ling", "Li, Fei"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498076", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It remains unknown whether the treatment of hypertension influences the mortality of patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This is a retrospective observational study of all patients admitted with COVID-19 to Huo Shen Shan Hospital. The hospital was dedicated solely to the treatment of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Hypertension and the treatments were stratified according to the medical history or medications administrated prior to the infection. Among 2877 hospitalized patients, 29.5% (850/2877) had a history of hypertension. After adjustment for confounders, patients with hypertension had a two-fold increase in the relative risk of mortality as compared with patients without hypertension [4.0% vs. 1.1%, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-3.82, P = 0.013]. Patients with a history of hypertension but without antihypertensive treatment (n = 140) were associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality compared with those with antihypertensive treatments (n = 730) (7.9% vs. 3.2%, adjusted HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.03-4.57, P = 0.041). The mortality rates were similar between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor (4/183) and non-RAAS inhibitor (19/527) cohorts (2.2% vs. 3.6%, adjusted HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.28-2.58, P = 0.774). However, in a study-level meta-analysis of four studies, the result showed that patients with RAAS inhibitor use tend to have a lower risk of mortality (relative risk 0.65, 95% CI 0.45-0.94, P = 0.20). While hypertension and the discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment are suspected to be related to increased risk of mortality, in this retrospective observational analysis, we did not detect any harm of RAAS inhibitors in patients infected with COVID-19. However, the results should be considered as exploratory and interpreted cautiously."}, {"pmid": 32432681, "title": "Nasal ACE2 Levels and COVID-19 in Children.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Patel, Ankit B", "Verma, Ashish"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432681", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480418, "title": "Harnessing HLA-E-restricted CD8 T lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy of severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Caccamo, Nadia", "Sullivan, Lucy C", "Brooks, Andrew G", "Dieli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480418", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is spreading worldwide, and is a pandemic virus that has infected almost 5 million individuals and causing 300.000 deaths, as of mid-May 2020. Because SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus in humans there are currently no vaccines, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or even effective drugs available. Human convalescent plasma transfusion is an option for either prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of COVID-19 patients, but its administration to patients who are affected by severe pulmonary disease is associated with increased risk of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)."}, {"pmid": 32505646, "title": "Children returning to schools following COVID-19: a balance of probabilities - Letter to the Editor.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Khattab, Nora", "Abbas, Abdallah", "Abbas, Abdul-Rahman", "Memon, Sara Fatima"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505646", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310921, "title": "[Being a cardiologist at the time of SARS-COVID-19: is it time to reconsider our way of working?]", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Tarantini, Luigi", "Navazio, Alessandro", "Cioffi, Giovanni", "Turiano, Giovanni", "Colivicchi, Furio", "Gabrielli, Domenico"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310921", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-COVID-19 pandemic is bringing to light significant issues that require deliberations on how to manage patients at high cardiovascular risk or with proven heart disease. The evidence that the hospital can be a place where one might contract the infection and spread the disease has drastically reduced non-COVID-19 accesses to emergency rooms (ER) and to elective non-COVID-19 hospital activities. If this, on one hand, results in reducing improper access to the ER and hospital, on the other hand it substantiates the risk of underestimating problems not connected to COVID-19, such as an increased delay in the diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular emergencies. In addition, the need to reorganize hospital activities to treat patients suffering from serious COVID-19 disease forms forces us to reflect on how to safely manage patients who stay at home with milder COVID-19 disease forms and the need to keep the most vulnerable subjects, such as patients with chronic heart failure, away from the hospital. The problem is furtherly amplified by the uncertain trend of the epidemic, by the duration of forced isolation and limited mobility measures and by the inadequate integration between hospital and territory, especially in high-risk areas such as residences for the elderly or in socially and economically fragile environments. Our opinion is that a syndemic approach, which considers the complex interplay between social, economic, environmental and clinical problems, can be the most appropriate and achieved by means the contribution of telemedicine and telecardiology, intended as integration and not as an alternative to traditional management. A flexible use of telematic tools, now available for teleconsultation, and/or remote monitoring adapted to the needs of clinical, family and social-health contexts could allow the creation of integrated and personalized management programs that are effective and efficient for the care of patients."}, {"pmid": 32451256, "pmcid": "PMC7211657", "title": "COVID-19: Wait for a novel drug or act with the age old drug - Do we have a choice?", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan", "Gurunthalingam, Meenalotchini Prakash", "Venkatesan, Sajitha", "Thangaraju, Eswaran"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451256", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304994, "pmcid": "PMC7152924", "title": "The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Int Immunopharmacol", "authors": ["Yang, Ai-Ping", "Liu, Jian-Ping", "Tao, Wen-Qiang", "Li, Hui-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304994", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To accumulate evidence that indicated the key role played by virus-triggered inflammation in the 2019-novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which emerged in Wuhan City and rapidly spread throughout China. Age, neutrophil(NEU)-to-lymphocyte (LYM) ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte (MON) ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) of 93 patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were investigated and compared. The receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to determine the thresholds for five bio-markers, and their prognostic values were assessed via the Kaplan-Meier curve and multivariate COX regression models. The median age was 46.4\u00a0years old, and 37cases were females. A total of 27.8% of patients had been to Wuhan, and 73.1% had contacted with people from Wuhan. Fever (83.8%) and cough (70.9%) were the two most common symptoms. Elevated NLR and age were significantly associated with illness severity. The binary logistic analysis identified elevated NLR (hazard risk [HR] 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.98-4.57) and age (HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.65-4.83) as independent factors for poor clinical outcome of COVID-19. NLR exhibited the largest area under the curve at 0.841, with the highest specificity (63.6%) and sensitivity (88%). Elevated age and NLR can be considered independent biomarkers for indicating poor clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32249918, "pmcid": "PMC7184430", "title": "Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Na", "Han, Lefei", "Peng, Min", "Lv, Yuxia", "Ouyang, Yin", "Liu, Kui", "Yue, Linli", "Li, Qiannan", "Sun, Guoqiang", "Chen, Lin", "Yang, Lin"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249918", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing epidemics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have caused serious concerns about its potential adverse effects on pregnancy. There are limited data on maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. We conducted a case-control study to compare clinical characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with and without COVID-19 pneumonia. During January 24 to February 29, 2020, there were sixteen pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and eighteen suspected cases who were admitted to labor in the third trimester. Two had vaginal delivery and the rest took cesarean section. Few patients presented respiratory symptoms (fever and cough) on admission, but most had typical chest CT images of COVID-19 pneumonia. Compared to the controls, COVID-19 pneumonia patients had lower counts of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) on admission. Increased levels of WBC, neutrophils, eosinophils, and CRP were found in postpartum blood tests of pneumonia patients. There were three (18.8%) and three (16.7%) of the mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 pneumonia had preterm delivery due to maternal complications, which were significantly higher than the control group. None experienced respiratory failure during hospital stay. COVID-19 infection was not found in the newborns and none developed severe neonatal complications. Severe maternal and neonatal complications were not observed in pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia who had vaginal delivery or caesarean section. Mild respiratory symptoms of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia highlight the need of effective screening on admission."}, {"pmid": 32378648, "title": "Rapid review for the anti-coronavirus effect of remdesivir.", "journal": "Drug Discov Ther", "authors": ["Li, Ziyi", "Wang, Xiaojie", "Cao, Donglin", "Sun, Ruilin", "Li, Cheng", "Li, Guowei"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378648", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 rapidly spread across China and worldwide. Remdesivir had been proposed as a promising option for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We provided a rapid review to critically assess the potential anti-coronavirus effect of remdesivir on COVID-19 and other coronaviruses based on the most up-to-date evidence. Even though remdesivir was proposed as a promising option for treating COVID-19 based on laboratory experiments and reports from compassionate use, its safety and effect in humans requires high-quality evidence from well-designed and adequately-powered clinical trials for further clarification."}, {"pmid": 32279434, "pmcid": "PMC7262081", "title": "Precautions in ophthalmic practice in a hospital with the risk of COVID-19: experience from China.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Ma, Xiang", "Lin, Jingrong", "Fang, Shifeng"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279434", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425463, "pmcid": "PMC7228719", "title": "Personalizing Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Strategies in COVID-19-associated lung injury: the Utility of Lung Ultrasound.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Conway, Hannah", "Lau, Gary", "Zochios, Vasileios"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425463", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343428, "pmcid": "PMC7267134", "title": "Three Taiwan's domestic family cluster infections of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Shih-Feng", "Kuo, Nai-Ying", "Kuo, Ho-Chang"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343428", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in Taiwan 2020.01.21. Several family cluster infections were found later. This study aimed to report family cluster infections and observe subsequent development. We collected domestic family cluster infections among COVID-19 confirmed cases from 21 January 2020 to 16 March 2020. There were three domestic family clusters infections in this period. The first cluster was cases 19 to 23. The infectious source was a Taiwanese passenger from Zhejiang. The second cluster was cases 24 to 26 and the third cluster was cases 27 to 32. The infectious sources of the latter clusters are currently uncertain. All contacts of three clusters have been isolated and no new confirmed cases have been identified to date. Some measures which have reduced the spread of these three clusters included: First, high suspicion of COVID-19 for unexplained pneumonia is very important for early detection. Second, immediate epidemic investigation is taken especially COVID-19 is infectious during the incubation period. Third, when the second and third clusters could not find infectious sources, CECC's press conference let the public know immediately the epidemic situation, so that people could raise their awareness and seek medical treatment or quarantine."}, {"pmid": 32531219, "pmcid": "PMC7282779", "title": "Potential challenges in managing obstetric patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Yin, Kyla Ng", "Lee, Keng Siang", "Zhang, John J Y"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531219", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369097, "pmcid": "PMC7201375", "title": "Association of Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers With Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Mehta, Neil", "Kalra, Ankur", "Nowacki, Amy S", "Anjewierden, Scott", "Han, Zheyi", "Bhat, Pavan", "Carmona-Rubio, Andres E", "Jacob, Miriam", "Procop, Gary W", "Harrington, Susan", "Milinovich, Alex", "Svensson, Lars G", "Jehi, Lara", "Young, James B", "Chung, Mina K"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369097", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) in the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is hotly debated. There have been recommendations to discontinue these medications, which are essential in the treatment of several chronic disease conditions, while, in the absence of clinical evidence, professional societies have advocated their continued use. To study the association between use of ACEIs/ARBs with the likelihood of testing positive for COVID-19 and to study outcome data in subsets of patients taking ACEIs/ARBs who tested positive with severity of clinical outcomes of COVID-19 (eg, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and requirement for mechanical ventilation). Retrospective cohort study with overlap propensity score weighting was conducted at the Cleveland Clinic Health System in Ohio and Florida. All patients tested for COVID-19 between March 8 and April 12, 2020, were included. History of taking ACEIs or ARBs at the time of COVID-19 testing. Results of COVID-19 testing in the entire cohort, number of patients requiring hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and mechanical ventilation among those who tested positive. A total of 18\u202f472 patients tested for COVID-19. The mean (SD) age was 49\u2009(21) years, 7384 (40%) were male, and 12\u202f725 (69%) were white. Of 18\u202f472 patients who underwent COVID-19 testing, 2285 (12.4%) were taking either ACEIs or ARBs. A positive COVID-19 test result was observed in 1735 of 18\u202f472 patients (9.4%). Among patients who tested positive, 421 (24.3%) were admitted to the hospital, 161 (9.3%) were admitted to an intensive care unit, and 111 (6.4%) required mechanical ventilation. Overlap propensity score weighting showed no significant association of ACEI and/or ARB use with COVID-19 test positivity (overlap propensity score-weighted odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.81-1.15). This study found no association between ACEI or ARB use and COVID-19 test positivity. These clinical data support current professional society guidelines to not discontinue ACEIs or ARBs in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, further study in larger numbers of hospitalized patients receiving ACEI and ARB therapy is needed to determine the association with clinical measures of COVID-19 severity."}, {"pmid": 32507697, "title": "How Has COVID-19 Affected the Costs of the Surgical Fellowship Interview Process?", "journal": "J Surg Educ", "authors": ["Tseng, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507697", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on the costs of the surgical fellowship interview process. A literature review of the historical costs of surgical fellowship interviews and a summary of how the shift to virtual interviews has unintended positive and negative effects on costs for applicants and training programs. Transitioning fellowship interviews to virtual platforms affects expenditures of finances and time. Each fellowship candidate saves close to $6,000 in interview travel expenses. Applicants require less time off from their residency programs during this critical time of need for frontline healthcare workers. However, applicants miss some of the live aspects of interviewing, and training programs invest more effort upfront altering their interviews to virtual formats. The COVID-19 public health crisis has had a significant impact on surgical education, including how selection is conducted. Virtual recruitment has the potential for cost savings but should continue to be refined. This is an opportune time to innovate and rethink how to recruit prospective surgical residency and fellowship candidates during the current and forthcoming interview seasons."}, {"pmid": 32407672, "pmcid": "PMC7213964", "title": "Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Levi, Marcel", "Thachil, Jecko", "Iba, Toshiaki", "Levy, Jerrold H"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407672", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362339, "pmcid": "PMC7183995", "title": "The COVID-19 intubation experience in Wuhan.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Aziz, Michael F"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362339", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233034, "title": "Overview of guidance for endoscopy during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Lui, Rashid N", "Wong, Sunny H", "Sanchez-Luna, Sergio A", "Pellino, Gianluca", "Bollipo, Steven", "Wong, Mei-Yin", "Chiu, Philip W Y", "Sung, Joseph J Y"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233034", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From its beginning in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak has spread globally from Wuhan and is now declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The sheer scale and severity of this pandemic is unprecedented in the modern era. Although primarily a respiratory tract infection transmitted by direct contact and droplets, during aerosol-generating procedures, there is a possibility of airborne transmission. In addition, emerging evidence suggests possible fecal-oral spread of the virus. Clinical departments that perform endoscopy are faced with daunting challenges during this pandemic. To date, multiple position statements and guidelines have been issued by various professional organizations to recommend practices in endoscopic procedures. This article aims to summarize and discuss available evidence for these practices, to provide guidance for endoscopy to enhance patient safety, avoid nosocomial outbreaks, protect healthcare personnel, and ensure rational use of personal protective equipment. Responses adapted to national recommendations and local infection control guidelines and tailored to the availability of medical resources are imminently needed to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32394156, "pmcid": "PMC7214229", "title": "Use of Face Masks in COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Sra, Harnoor Kaur", "Sandhu, Amit", "Singh, Meenu"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394156", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301764, "pmcid": "PMC7236852", "title": "Neuroanesthesia Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations From Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care (SNACC).", "journal": "J Neurosurg Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Flexman, Alana M", "Abcejo, Arnoley S", "Avitsian, Rafi", "De Sloovere, Veerle", "Highton, David", "Juul, Niels", "Li, Shu", "Meng, Lingzhong", "Paisansathan, Chanannait", "Rath, Girija P", "Rozet, Irene"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has several implications relevant to neuroanesthesiologists, including neurological manifestations of the disease, impact of anesthesia provision for specific neurosurgical procedures and electroconvulsive therapy, and health care provider wellness. The Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care appointed a task force to provide timely, consensus-based expert guidance for neuroanesthesiologists during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this document is to provide a focused overview of COVID-19 disease relevant to neuroanesthesia practice. This consensus statement provides information on the neurological manifestations of COVID-19, advice for neuroanesthesia clinical practice during emergent neurosurgery, interventional radiology (excluding endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke), transnasal neurosurgery, awake craniotomy and electroconvulsive therapy, as well as information about health care provider wellness. Institutions and health care providers are encouraged to adapt these recommendations to best suit local needs, considering existing practice standards and resource availability to ensure safety of patients and providers."}, {"pmid": 32506937, "title": "Why Do People With Diabetes Have a High Risk for Severe COVID-19 Disease?-A Dental Hypothesis and Possible Prevention Strategy.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Pfutzner, Andreas", "Lazzara, Michael", "Jantz, Julia"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506937", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes symptoms in infected individuals ranging from mild flu symptoms via severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring ventilation to death. Risk factors for severe courses are age, diabetes, hypertension and other serious diseases. The main entry portal for the virus into the body is probably the oral mucosa, as it is a known location of virus accumulation. The suspected main receptor is highly expressed in this tissue. Such a route of penetration of the virus into the body provides plausible explanations for severe COVID-19 courses seen particularly in older diabetes patients. The immune system of people with diabetes is considered to be generally impaired. Diabetes induces a chronic systemic inflammation, which regularly manifests as periodontitis. Furthermore, frequent hyperglycaemia is known to lead to additional weakening of the oral mucosa barrier. It is therefore recommended that preventive measures in diabetes patients should also include the bucchal area. Knowledge of the inflammatory status in the mouth and throat may be helpful for identification of patients at particular risk. An established biomarker for measuring the degree of orall inflammation is activated matrix metalloproteinase 8 (aMMP8), for which saliva tests are available. From our point of view, the current recommendations for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 associated COVID-19 disease should therefore be extended to include the aspects of measurement and sanitation of mouth and throat and regular disinfection of this area."}, {"pmid": 32029004, "pmcid": "PMC7003341", "title": "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version).", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Jin, Ying-Hui", "Cai, Lin", "Cheng, Zhen-Shun", "Cheng, Hong", "Deng, Tong", "Fan, Yi-Pin", "Fang, Cheng", "Huang, Di", "Huang, Lu-Qi", "Huang, Qiao", "Han, Yong", "Hu, Bo", "Hu, Fen", "Li, Bing-Hui", "Li, Yi-Rong", "Liang, Ke", "Lin, Li-Kai", "Luo, Li-Sha", "Ma, Jing", "Ma, Lin-Lu", "Peng, Zhi-Yong", "Pan, Yun-Bao", "Pan, Zhen-Yu", "Ren, Xue-Qun", "Sun, Hui-Min", "Wang, Ying", "Wang, Yun-Yun", "Weng, Hong", "Wei, Chao-Jie", "Wu, Dong-Fang", "Xia, Jian", "Xiong, Yong", "Xu, Hai-Bo", "Yao, Xiao-Mei", "Yuan, Yu-Feng", "Ye, Tai-Sheng", "Zhang, Xiao-Chun", "Zhang, Ying-Wen", "Zhang, Yin-Gao", "Zhang, Hua-Min", "Zhao, Yan", "Zhao, Ming-Juan", "Zi, Hao", "Zeng, Xian-Tao", "Wang, Yong-Yan", "Wang, Xing-Huan"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32029004", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new type viral pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province; and then named \"2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)\" by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 12 January 2020. For it is a never been experienced respiratory disease before and with infection ability widely and quickly, it attracted the world's attention but without treatment and control manual. For the request from frontline clinicians and public health professionals of 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia management, an evidence-based guideline urgently needs to be developed. Therefore, we drafted this guideline according to the rapid advice guidelines methodology and general rules of WHO guideline development; we also added the first-hand management data of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. This guideline includes the guideline methodology, epidemiological characteristics, disease screening and population prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control (including traditional Chinese Medicine), nosocomial infection prevention and control, and disease nursing of the 2019-nCoV. Moreover, we also provide a whole process of a successful treatment case of the severe 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia and experience and lessons of hospital rescue for 2019-nCoV infections. This rapid advice guideline is suitable for the first frontline doctors and nurses, managers of hospitals and healthcare sections, community residents, public health persons, relevant researchers, and all person who are interested in the 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32520509, "title": "18F-FDG PET/CT Metabolic Behavior of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Series of 4 Patients With RT-PCR Confirmation.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Albano, Domenico", "Camoni, Luca", "Rinaldi, Roberto", "Bertagna, Francesco", "Giubbini, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520509", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Between March 26 and April 6, among 80 patients who underwent F-FDG PET/CT in our department (Brescia, Italy), 4 showed the presence of an interstitial pneumonia suspected for COVID-19 with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmation. All patients except one had bilateral ground-glass opacities and/or lung consolidations in at least 2 pulmonary lobes. Inferior lobes and basal segments were the most frequent site of disease. All lung lesions had an increased FDG uptake corresponding to the interstitial pneumonia, and in one case, mediastinal nodal involvement was registered."}, {"pmid": 32429580, "title": "Comparative Antiviral Activity of Remdesivir and Anti-HIV Nucleoside Analogs Against Human Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E).", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Parang, Keykavous", "El-Sayed, Naglaa Salem", "Kazeminy, Assad J", "Tiwari, Rakesh K"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429580", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Remdesivir is a nucleotide prodrug that is currently undergoing extensive clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19. The prodrug is metabolized to its active triphosphate form and interferes with the action of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-COV-2. Herein, we report the antiviral activity of remdesivir against human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) compared to known anti-HIV agents. These agents included tenofovir (TFV), 4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine (EFdA), alovudine (FLT), lamivudine (3TC), and emtricitabine (FTC), known as nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and a number of 5'-O-fatty acylated anti-HIV nucleoside conjugates. The anti-HIV nucleosides interfere with HIV RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and/or act as chain terminators. Normal human fibroblast lung cells (MRC-5) were used to determine the cytotoxicity of the compounds. The study revealed that remdesivir exhibited an EC50 value of 0.07 \u00b5M against HCoV-229E with TC50 of > 2.00 \u00b5M against MRC-5 cells. Parent NRTIs were found to be inactive against (HCoV-229E) at tested concentrations. Among all the NRTIs and 5'-O-fatty acyl conjugates of NRTIs, 5'-O-tetradecanoyl ester conjugate of FTC showed modest activity with EC50 and TC50 values of 72.8 \u00b5M and 87.5 \u00b5M, respectively. These data can be used for the design of potential compounds against other coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32358774, "pmcid": "PMC7193540", "title": "On the death of 100 + Italian doctors from COVID-19.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Fusaroli, Pietro", "Balena, Sara", "Lisotti, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358774", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501305, "pmcid": "PMC7241361", "title": "Gender equity and public health outcomes: The COVID-19 experience.", "journal": "J Bus Res", "authors": ["Leung, T Y", "Sharma, Piyush", "Adithipyangkul, Pattarin", "Hosie, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501305", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper extends the growing research on the impact of gender equity on public health outcomes using the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic as its research setting. Specifically, it introduces a conceptual model incorporating the impact of gender equity and human development on women's representation in legislature and public health expenditure, and their combined impact with human environment (population density, aging population and urban population) on important public health outcomes in the Covid-19 context, including the total number of tests, diagnosed, active and critical cases, and deaths. Data from 210 countries shows support for many of the hypothesized relationships in the conceptual model. The results provide useful insights about the factors that influence the representation of women in political systems around the world and its impact on public health outcomes. The authors also discuss implications for public health policy-makers to ensure efficient and effective delivery of public health services in future."}, {"pmid": 32527573, "title": "Addressing Health Inequities Exacerbated by COVID-19 Among Youth With HIV: Expanding Our Toolkit.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Armbruster, Megan", "Fields, Errol L", "Campbell, Nancy", "Griffith, David C", "Kouoh, Anna Moukouri", "Knott-Grasso, Mary Ann", "Arrington-Sanders, Renata", "Agwu, Allison L"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527573", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Adolescents and young adults, aged 13-24\u00a0years, are disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States. Youth with HIV (YHIV) face many psychosocial and structural challenges resulting in poor clinical outcomes including lower rates of medication adherence and higher rates of uncontrolled HIV. The Johns Hopkins Intensive Primary Care clinic, a longstanding HIV care program in Baltimore, Maryland, cares for 76 YHIV (aged 13-24 years). The multidisciplinary team provides accessible, evidenced-based, culturally sensitive, coordinated and comprehensive patient and family-centered HIV primary care. However, the ability to provide these intensive, in-person services was abruptly disrupted by the necessary institutional, state, and national coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mitigation strategies. As most of our YHIV are from marginalized communities (racial/ethnic, sexual, and gender minorities) with existing health and social inequities that impede successful clinical outcomes and increase HIV disparities, there was heightened concern that COVID-19 would exacerbate these inequities and amplify the known HIV disparities. We chronicle the structural and logistic approaches that our team has taken to proactively address the social determinants of health that will be negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, while supporting YHIV to maintain medication adherence and viral suppression."}, {"pmid": 32361688, "pmcid": "PMC7177122", "title": "Can glycopyrrolate come to the airway rescue in Covid-19 patients?", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Garg, Heena"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361688", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492105, "title": "A Randomized Trial of Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19-Potentially Hopeful Signals.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Casadevall, Arturo", "Joyner, Michael J", "Pirofski, Liise-Anne"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492105", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209384, "pmcid": "PMC7163181", "title": "Wuhan and Hubei COVID-19 mortality analysis reveals the critical role of timely supply of medical resources.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Zuqin", "Yao, Wei", "Wang, Yan", "Long, Cheng", "Fu, Xinmiao"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209384", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463468, "pmcid": "PMC7256666", "title": "Recurrent Positive Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction Results for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients Discharged From a Hospital in China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Hu, Rujun", "Jiang, Zhixia", "Gao, Huiming", "Huang, Di", "Jiang, Deyu", "Chen, Fang", "Li, Jin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463468", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404672, "pmcid": "PMC7268842", "title": "Virtual Surgical Training During COVID-19: Operating Room Simulation Platforms Accessible from Home.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["McKechnie, Tyler", "Levin, Marc", "Zhou, Kelvin", "Freedman, Benjamin", "Palter, Vanessa", "Grantcharov, Teodor P"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404672", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405252, "pmcid": "PMC7217789", "title": "Comparison of Cepheid Xpert Xpress and Abbott ID Now to Roche cobas for the Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Smithgall, Marie C", "Scherberkova, Ioana", "Whittier, Susan", "Green, Daniel A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405252", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32478548, "title": "Social and psychological consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak: The experiences of Taiwan and Hong Kong.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Lei, Man-Kit", "Klopack, Eric T"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478548", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article discusses the value of studying past social and psychological responses to pandemics and natural disasters in understanding reactions to coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). By examining severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) experiences in both Taiwan and Hong Kong, we indicate that psychological trauma might be a pathway whereby the COVID-19 outbreak affects long-term health and well-being and that psychological and collective trauma caused by the COVID-19 may relate to future preparedness and risk awareness. We conclude with a consideration of social-psychological processes for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32379692, "pmcid": "PMC7118627", "title": "Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Complement Ther Clin Pract", "authors": ["Xu, Jia", "Zhang, Yunfei"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379692", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new kind of Pneumonia caused by new corona virus has been widespread in China since winter of 2019. No effective treatment for this disease was verified, so the morbidity and mortality rate were supposed higher than flu. The Traditional Chinese Medicine is widely used in clinical practice in China, but many other countries of the world to deal with diseases that remain clinically challenging."}, {"pmid": 32343342, "pmcid": "PMC7197583", "title": "The COVID-19 Global Pandemic: Implications for People With Schizophrenia and Related Disorders.", "journal": "Schizophr Bull", "authors": ["Kozloff, Nicole", "Mulsant, Benoit H", "Stergiopoulos, Vicky", "Voineskos, Aristotle N"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343342", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) global pandemic has already had an unprecedented impact on populations around the world, and is anticipated to have a disproportionate burden on people with schizophrenia and related disorders. We discuss the implications of the COVID-19 global pandemic with respect to: (1) increased risk of infection and poor outcomes among people with schizophrenia, (2) anticipated adverse mental health consequences for people with schizophrenia, (3) considerations for mental health service delivery in inpatient and outpatient settings, and (4) potential impact on clinical research in schizophrenia. Recommendations emphasize rapid implementation of measures to both decrease the risk of COVID-19 transmission and maintain continuity of clinical care and research to preserve safety of both people with schizophrenia and the public."}, {"pmid": 32372752, "pmcid": "PMC7263525", "title": "Case Report: Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) versus Tropical Diseases in Pakistan.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Bokhari, Syed Muhammad Mashhood Ali", "Mahmood, Fatima", "Bokhari, Syed Muhammad Saud Ali"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372752", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 25-year-old medical student presented in Multan, Pakistan with a high fever, cough, myalgia, and diarrhea consistent with the typical signs and symptoms of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The patient had traveled to high COVID-19-risk areas within Pakistan and had no significant medical and surgical history. Based on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab testing, the patient was found to be negative for COVID-19. He subsequently developed a diffuse rash and had serology consistent with dengue and measles. The patient was treated symptomatically, and his condition gradually improved over 7 days. This case highlights the high prevalence of many tropical diseases in low-income countries and the need for clinicians to consider alternate diagnoses in addition to testing for COVID-19 during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32391241, "pmcid": "PMC7201122", "title": "Pandemic spotlight on urban water quality.", "journal": "Ecol Process", "authors": ["Hallema, Dennis W", "Robinne, Francois-Nicolas", "McNulty, Steven G"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391241", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Surface water improvements associated with the COVID-19 economic slowdown illustrate environmental resiliency and societal control over urban water quality."}, {"pmid": 32520155, "title": "Oncology practice during COVID-19 pandemic: a fast response is the best response.", "journal": "Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)", "authors": ["Sternberg, Cinthya", "Andrade, Thamine Lessa", "Nova, Ana Paula Gomes Alcantara Villa", "Fiscina, Bianca Vivas", "Fernandes, Ana Paula Laranjeira", "Alves, Camila Dias", "Alves, Adriana Batista", "Hizumi, Lise Oliveira", "Dias, Simone Sacramento Novais", "Nobre, Pablicio", "Calabrich, Aknar", "Coutinho, Anelisa K", "Silva, Alex Pimenta da"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520155", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Brasil was reported on February 25th, 2020, and by April 3rd, 8076 were confirmed in the country. As COVID-19 disease incidence escalates in Brasil, management of cancer patients requires immediate action and oncology clinics are urged to establish a contingency plan. We have installed a COVID-19 Management Committee to elaborate and implement best practices to assist cancer outpatients as well as to provide a safe environment for clinical staff and other employees at the outpatient clinics. The challenges of cancer treatment in the midst of COVID-19 global pandemic highlight the importance of a rapid response by institutions, where organizational structure, strategic planning, agility in guidelines implementation and alternative ways to protect and support clinical staff, employees and patients may be the key to mitigate pandemic effects."}, {"pmid": 32320008, "pmcid": "PMC7177631", "title": "Alterations in Smell or Taste in Mildly Symptomatic Outpatients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Spinato, Giacomo", "Fabbris, Cristoforo", "Polesel, Jerry", "Cazzador, Diego", "Borsetto, Daniele", "Hopkins, Claire", "Boscolo-Rizzo, Paolo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320008", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259899, "title": "Urgent need for individual mobile phone and institutional reporting of at home, hospitalized, and intensive care unit cases of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection.", "journal": "Rev Cardiovasc Med", "authors": ["McCullough, Peter A", "Eidt, John", "Rangaswami, Janani", "Lerma, Edgar", "Tumlin, James", "Wheelan, Kevin", "Katz, Nevin", "Lepor, Norman E", "Vijay, Kris", "Soman, Sandeep", "Singh, Bhupinder", "McCullough, Sean P", "McCullough, Haley B", "Palazzuoli, Alberto", "Ruocco, Gaetano M", "Ronco, Claudio"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259899", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Approximately 90 days of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) spreading originally from Wuhan, China, and across the globe has led to a widespread chain of events with imminent threats to the fragile relationship between community health and economic health. Despite near hourly reporting on this crisis, there has been no regular, updated, or accurate reporting of hospitalizations for COVID-19. It is known that many test-positive individuals may not develop symptoms or have a mild self-limited viral syndrome consisting of fever, malaise, dry cough, and constitutional symptoms. However some individuals develop a more fulminant syndrome including viral pneumonia, respiratory failure requiring oxygen, acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation, and in substantial fractions leading to death attributable to COVID-19. The pandemic is evolving in a clustered, non-inform fashion resulting in many hospitals with preparedness but few or no cases, and others that are completely overwhelmed. Thus, a considerable risk of spread when personal protection equipment becomes exhausted and a large fraction of mortality in those not offered mechanical ventilation are both attributable to a crisis due to maldistribution of resources. The pandemic is amenable to self-reporting through a mobile phone application that could obtain critical information on suspected cases and report on the results of self testing and actions taken. The only method to understand the clustering and the immediate hospital resource needs is mandatory, uniform, daily reporting of hospital censuses of COVID-19 cases admitted to hospital wards and intensive care units. Current reports of hospitalizations are delayed, uncertain, and wholly inadequate. This paper urges all the relevant stakeholders to take up self-reporting and reporting of hospitalizations of COVID-19 as an urgent task in combating this devastating pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32310688, "pmcid": "PMC7215091", "title": "Biological plausibility for interactions between dietary fat, resveratrol, ACE2, and SARS-CoV illness severity.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Horne, Justine R", "Vohl, Marie-Claude"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310688", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) cellular receptor is responsible for the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), thus impacting the entrance and clearance of the virus. Studies demonstrate that upregulation of ACE2 has a protective effect on SARS-CoV-2 illness severity. Moreover, animal studies demonstrate that dietary intake can modulate ACE2 gene expression and function. A high intake of resveratrol may have a protective role, upregulating ACE2, whereas a high intake of dietary fat may have a detrimental role, downregulating ACE2. As such, we postulate on the biological plausibility of interactions between dietary fat and/or resveratrol and ACE2 gene variations in the modulation of SARS-CoV-2 illness severity. We call to action the research community to test this plausible interaction in a sample of human subjects."}, {"pmid": 32396384, "pmcid": "PMC7218355", "title": "General thoracic surgery services across Asia during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann", "authors": ["Jheon, Sanghoon", "Ahmed, Aneez Db", "Fang, Vincent Wt", "Jung, Woohyun", "Khan, Ali Zamir", "Lee, Jang-Ming", "Nakajima, Jun", "Sihoe, Alan Dl", "Thongcharoen, Punnarerk", "Tsuboi, Masahiro", "Turna, Akif"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396384", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 posed an historic challenge to healthcare systems around the world. Besides mounting a massive response to the viral outbreak, healthcare systems needed to consider provision of clinical services to other patients in need. Surgical services for patients with thoracic disease were maintained to different degrees across various regions of Asia, ranging from significant reductions to near-normal service. Key determinants of robust thoracic surgery service provision included: preexisting plans for an epidemic response, aggressive early action to \"flatten the curve\", ability to dedicate resources separately to COVID-19 and routine clinical services, prioritization of thoracic surgery, and the volume of COVID-19 cases in that region. The lessons learned can apply to other regions during this pandemic, and to the world, in preparation for the next one."}, {"pmid": 32383758, "pmcid": "PMC7239191", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 expression in the human heart: cause of a post-pandemic wave of heart failure?", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Thum, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383758", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360525, "pmcid": "PMC7183977", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Your Radiology Practice: Case Triage, Staffing Strategies, and Addressing Revenue Concerns.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Lee, Christoph I", "Raoof, Sabiha", "Patel, Samir B", "Pyatt, Robert S Jr", "Kirsch, David S", "Mossa-Basha, Mahmud", "Recht, Michael", "Carlos, Ruth C"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360525", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321857, "title": "Low risk of covid-19 transmission in GI endoscopy.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Repici, Alessandro", "Aragona, Giovanni", "Cengia, Gianpaolo", "Cantu, Paolo", "Spadaccini, Marco", "Maselli, Roberta", "Carrara, Silvia", "Anderloni, Andrea", "Fugazza, Alessandro", "Pace, Fabio", "Rosch, Thomas"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321857", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503818, "title": "Medical and Surgical Education Challenges and Innovations in the COVID-19 Era: A Systematic Review.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Dedeilia, Aikaterini", "Sotiropoulos, Marinos G", "Hanrahan, John Gerrard", "Janga, Deepa", "Dedeilias, Panagiotis", "Sideris, Michail"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503818", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this systematic review was to identify the challenges imposed on medical and surgical education by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the proposed innovations enabling the continuation of medical student and resident training. A systematic review on the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed on April 18th, 2020, and yielded 1288 articles. Sixty-one of the included manuscripts were synthesized in a qualitative description focused on two major axes, \"challenges\" and \"innovative solutions\", and two minor axes, \"mental health\" and \"medical students in the frontlines\". Shortage of personal protective equipment, suspension of clinical clerkships and observerships and reduction in elective surgical cases unavoidably affect medical and surgical education. Interesting solutions involving the use of virtual learning, videoconferencing, social media and telemedicine could effectively tackle the sudden cease in medical education. Furthermore, trainee's mental health should be safeguarded, and medical students can be involved in the COVID-19 clinical treatment if needed."}, {"pmid": 32253759, "pmcid": "PMC7262125", "title": "Tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19: A single center experience.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Luo, Pan", "Liu, Yi", "Qiu, Lin", "Liu, Xiulan", "Liu, Dong", "Li, Juan"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253759", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tocilizumab (TCZ), a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6 (IL-6), emerged as an alternative treatment for COVID-19 patients with a risk of cytokine storms recently. In the present study, we aimed to discuss the treatment response of TCZ therapy in COVID-19 infected patients. The demographic, treatment, laboratory parameters of C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 before and after TCZ therapy and clinical outcome in the 15 COVID-19 patients were retrospectively assessed.\u00a0Totally 15 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. Two of them were moderately ill, six were seriously ill and seven were critically ill. The TCZ was used in combination with methylprednisolone in eight patients. Five patients received the TCZ administration twice or more. Although TCZ treatment ameliorated the increased CRP in all patients rapidly, for the four critically ill patients who received an only single dose of TCZ, three of them (No. 1, 2, and 3) still dead and the CRP level in the rest one patient (No. 7) failed to return to normal range with a clinical outcome of disease aggravation. Serum IL-6 level tended to further spiked firstly and then decreased after TCZ therapy in 10 patients. A persistent and dramatic increase of IL-6 was observed in these four patients who failed treatment.\u00a0TCZ appears to be an effective treatment option in COVID-19 patients with a risk of cytokine storms. And for these critically ill patients with elevated IL-6, the repeated dose of the TCZ is recommended."}, {"pmid": 32411921, "pmcid": "PMC7220174", "title": "Patterns of care for inflammatory bowel disease in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Chen, Yan", "Hu, Shurong", "Wu, Hao", "Farraye, Francis A", "Bernstein, Charles N", "Zheng, Jing-Jing", "Kiran, Ravi P", "Shen, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411921", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325742, "pmcid": "PMC7221944", "title": "Advances on Antiviral Activity of Morus spp. Plant Extracts: Human Coronavirus and Virus-Related Respiratory Tract Infections in the Spotlight.", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Thabti, Ines", "Albert, Quentin", "Philippot, Stephanie", "Dupire, Francois", "Westerhuis, Brenda", "Fontanay, Stephane", "Risler, Arnaud", "Kassab, Thomas", "Elfalleh, Walid", "Aferchichi, Ali", "Varbanov, Mihayl"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325742", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "(1) Background: Viral respiratory infections cause life-threatening diseases in millions of people worldwide every year. Human coronavirus and several picornaviruses are responsible for worldwide epidemic outbreaks, thus representing a heavy burden to their hosts. In the absence of specific treatments for human viral infections, natural products offer an alternative in terms of innovative drug therapies. (2) Methods: We analyzed the antiviral properties of the leaves and stem bark of the mulberry tree (Morus spp.). We compared the antiviral activity of Morus spp. on enveloped and nonenveloped viral pathogens, such as human coronavirus (HCoV 229E) and different members of the Picornaviridae family-human poliovirus 1, human parechovirus 1 and 3, and human echovirus 11. The antiviral activity of 12 water and water-alcohol plant extracts of the leaves and stem bark of three different species of mulberry-Morus alba var. alba, Morus alba var. rosa, and Morus rubra-were evaluated. We also evaluated the antiviral activities of kuwanon G against HCoV-229E. (3) Results: Our results showed that several extracts reduced the viral titer and cytopathogenic effects (CPE). Leaves' water-alcohol extracts exhibited maximum antiviral activity on human coronavirus, while stem bark and leaves' water and water-alcohol extracts were the most effective on picornaviruses. (4) Conclusions: The analysis of the antiviral activities of Morus spp. offer promising applications in antiviral strategies."}, {"pmid": 32304212, "pmcid": "PMC7188153", "title": "Letter: Transmission of COVID-19 During Neurosurgical Procedures-Some Thoughts From the United Kingdom.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Jenkins, Alistair"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304212", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301199, "pmcid": "PMC7262308", "title": "Estimation of basic reproduction number for COVID-19 and the reasons for its differences.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Najafimehr, Hadis", "Mohamed Ali, Kosar", "Safari, Saeed", "Yousefifard, Mahmoud", "Hosseini, Mostafa"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301199", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pneumonia is an acute respiratory disease. In December 2019, this disease emerged in Wuhan, China. The Chinese government called it SARS-CoV-2 which was subsequently named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. In January 2020, WHO confirmed it as a sustained human to human disease [2]. By March 2020, COVID-19 had been transmitted round the world rapidly and every day large number of new cases were registered. COVID-19 is a leaped type of coronavirus family such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) that has been transmitted from wild animals to human [3]."}, {"pmid": 32304834, "pmcid": "PMC7158804", "title": "Risk Communication During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Abrams, Elissa M", "Greenhawt, Matthew"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304834", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the unprecedented times caused by the novel coronavirus disease 2019, there is rapidly evolving information and guidance. However, a focus must also be on proper and effective risk communication. This is especially the case during pandemics that have high rates of infection, significant morbidity, lack of therapeutic measures, and rapid increases in cases, all of which apply to the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. A consequence of poor risk communication and heightened risk perception is hoarding behavior, which can lead to lack of medications and personal protective equipment. One potential way to ensure appropriate risk communication is using social media channels, and ensuring an ongoing consistent media presence. Another important step is to include all stakeholders including members of the allergy community in broader public health messaging. As we continue to face unprecedented times in the allergy community, an understanding and appreciation of risk communication will be essential as we communicate with, and inform, our patients, and our colleagues, moving forward."}, {"pmid": 32251203, "pmcid": "PMC7172975", "title": "Managing patients with chronic pain during the COVID-19 outbreak: considerations for the rapid introduction of remotely supported (eHealth) pain management services.", "journal": "Pain", "authors": ["Eccleston, Christopher", "Blyth, Fiona M", "Dear, Blake F", "Fisher, Emma A", "Keefe, Francis J", "Lynch, Mary E", "Palermo, Tonya M", "Reid, M Carrington", "Williams, Amanda C de C"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251203", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457054, "pmcid": "PMC7252983", "title": "Cancer datasets and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: establishing principles for collaboration.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Palmieri, Carlo", "Palmer, Daniel", "Openshaw, Peter Jm", "Baille, J Kenneth", "Semple, Malcolm G", "Turtle, Lance"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457054", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388083, "pmcid": "PMC7194841", "title": "Operative team checklist for aerosol generating procedures to minimise exposure of healthcare workers to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Soma, Marlene", "Jacobson, Ian", "Brewer, Jessica", "Blondin, Angela", "Davidson, Gretel", "Singham, Shamani"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388083", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In many countries around the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in health services being diverted to manage patients with the condition. There are situations however that still require the undertaking of aerosol generating procedures (AGP) with potentially high exposure of healthcare workers to SARS-CoV-2 transmission through droplet, contact and possibly airborne routes. The objective of this paper is to explore a structured way for the operative team to approach AGP to reduce aerosolisation of secretions, decrease open airway time and minimise staff exposure. The authors (otolaryngologists, anaesthetists and nursing staff) created a unified operative team checklist based on collation of national and international specialty society statements, local state government recommendations, hospital policies and literature review. Simulation was undertaken and the checklist was refined after performing AGP on patients with unknown (presumed positive) COVID-19 status. An 8 step operative team checklist is provided describing details for the immediate pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative journey of the patient to encourage healthcare workers to reflect upon and modify usual practice during AGP to mitigate exposure to SARS-CoV-2. The example of paediatric laryngo-bronchoscopy for diagnostic purposes or retrieval of an inhaled airway foreign body is used to illustrate the steps however the checklist structure is modifiable for other AGP and adaptable for local needs. At a time of overwhelming and changing information and recommendations, an operative team checklist may provide some structure to healthcare workers undertaking AGP to reduce anxiety, maintain focus, prompt consideration of alternatives and potentially reduce risk."}, {"pmid": 32437338, "title": "High COVID-19 Attack Rate Among Attendees at Events at a Church - Arkansas, March 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["James, Allison", "Eagle, Lesli", "Phillips, Cassandra", "Hedges, D Stephen", "Bodenhamer, Cathie", "Brown, Robin", "Wheeler, J Gary", "Kirking, Hannah"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437338", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 16, 2020, the day that national social distancing guidelines were released (1), the Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) was notified of two cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a rural county of approximately 25,000 persons; these cases were the first identified in this county. The two cases occurred in a husband and wife; the husband is the pastor at a local church (church A). The couple (the index cases) attended church-related events during March 6-8, and developed nonspecific respiratory symptoms and fever on March 10 (wife) and 11 (husband). Before his symptoms had developed, the husband attended a Bible study group on March 11. Including the index cases, 35 confirmed COVID-19 cases occurred among 92 (38%) persons who attended events held at church A during March 6-11; three patients died. The age-specific attack rates among persons aged \u226418 years, 19-64 years, and \u226565 years were 6.3%, 59.4%, and 50.0%, respectively. During contact tracing, at least 26 additional persons with confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified among community members who reported contact with church A attendees and likely were infected by them; one of the additional persons was hospitalized and subsequently died. This outbreak highlights the potential for widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, both at group gatherings during church events and within the broader community. These findings underscore the opportunity for faith-based organizations to prevent COVID-19 by following local authorities' guidance and the U.S. Government's Guidelines: Opening Up America Again (2) regarding modification of activities to prevent virus transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32238614, "pmcid": "PMC7182737", "title": "Measles Immunization: Worth Considering Containment Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Global Outbreak.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Shanker, Varnit"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238614", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405254, "pmcid": "PMC7219382", "title": "Real-time PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 detection in Canadian laboratories.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["LeBlanc, Jason J", "Gubbay, Jonathan B", "Li, Yan", "Needle, Robert", "Arneson, Sandra Radons", "Marcino, Dionne", "Charest, Hugues", "Desnoyers, Guillaume", "Dust, Kerry", "Fattouh, Ramzi", "Garceau, Richard", "German, Gregory", "Hatchette, Todd F", "Kozak, Robert A", "Krajden, Mel", "Kuschak, Theodore", "Lang, Amanda L S", "Levett, Paul", "Mazzulli, Tony", "McDonald, Ryan", "Mubareka, Samira", "Prystajecky, Natalie", "Rutherford, Candy", "Smieja, Marek", "Yu, Yang", "Zahariadis, George", "Zelyas, Nathan", "Bastien, Nathalie"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405254", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With emergence of pandemic COVID-19, rapid and accurate diagnostic testing is essential. This study compared laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Canadian hospital and public health laboratories, and some commercially available real-time RT-PCR assays. Overall, analytical sensitivities were equivalent between LDTs and most commercially available methods."}, {"pmid": 32395012, "pmcid": "PMC7212734", "title": "Planning and pandemics COVID 19 illuminates why urban planners should have listened to food advocates all along.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Raja, Samina"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395012", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227489, "pmcid": "PMC7228269", "title": "Concerns regarding calculation of fatality rate of Chinese samples in COVID-19 meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kempton, Matthew J"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227489", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32184199, "pmcid": "PMC7124162", "title": "Working together to contain and manage COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Laupacis, Andreas"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184199", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32280973, "pmcid": "PMC7184495", "title": "Italian Physical Therapists' Response to the Novel COVID-19 Emergency.", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Pedersini, Paolo", "Corbellini, Camilo", "Villafane, Jorge Hugo"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32280973", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198984, "title": "Academician Cong Bin: Autopsy of SARS-CoV-2 infection is needed to be strengthened.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Cong, B"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198984", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472461, "pmcid": "PMC7256179", "title": "COVID-19, chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease and anti-rheumatic treatments.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Ouedraogo, Dieu-Donne", "Tiendrebeogo, Wendlassida Joelle Stephanie", "Kabore, Fulgence", "Ntsiba, Honore"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472461", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises a real public health problem. COVID-19 appeared in Wuhan (Hubei province) in China. Drugs that have been used in rheumatology for decades seem to be effective in this infection and are for the most part being studied. The rational use of these anti-rheumatic drugs is based on the cytokinic storm (hyperproduction of IL1, IL6, TNF \u03b1) in the body by COVID-19 in its severe form. In this review, the authors make the difference between the infectious and auto-inflammatory part of COVID-19; the disease does not seem to be a risk factor for admission to the intensive care unit for patients suffering from inflammatory rheumatism; however, the poverty of studies on this subject should be noted. The authors also review anti-rheumatic drugs while studying COVID-19 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32533615, "title": "Incidental COVID-19 in a Heart-Kidney Transplant Recipient with Malnutrition and Recurrent Infections: Implications for the SARS-CoV-2 Immune Response.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Serrano, Oscar K", "Kutzler, Heather L", "Rochon, Caroline", "Radojevic, Joseph A", "Lawlor, Michael T", "Hammond, Jonathan A", "Gluck, Jason", "Feingold, Andrew D", "Jaiswal, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533615", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical course and outcomes of immunocompromised patients, such as transplant recipients, with COVID-19 remains unclear. It has been postulated that a substantial portion of the disease burden seems to be mediated by the host immune activation to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Herein, we present a simultaneous heart-kidney transplant (SHKT) recipient who was hospitalized for the management of respiratory failure from volume overload complicated by failure to thrive, multiple opportunistic infections, and open non-healing wounds in the setting of worsening renal dysfunction weeks prior to the first case of SARS-CoV-2 being detected in the state of Connecticut. After his third endotracheal intubation, routine nucleic acid testing (NAT) for SARS-CoV-2, in anticipation of a planned tracheostomy, was positive. His hemodynamics, respiratory status and ventilator requirements remained stable without any worsening for 4 weeks until he had a negative NAT test. It is possible that the immunocompromised status of our patient may have prevented significant immune activation leading up to clinically-significant cytokine storm that could have resulted in acute respiratory distress syndrome and multisystem organ failure."}, {"pmid": 32222463, "pmcid": "PMC7102646", "title": "Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp): A molecular docking study.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Elfiky, Abdo A"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222463", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new human coronavirus (HCoV), which has been designated SARS-CoV-2, began spreading in December 2019 in Wuhan City, China causing pneumonia called COVID-19. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been faster than any other coronaviruses that have succeeded in crossing the animal-human barrier. There is concern that this new virus will spread around the world as did the previous two HCoVs-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-each of which caused approximately 800 deaths in the years 2002 and 2012, respectively. Thus far, 11,268 deaths have been reported from the 258,842 confirmed infections in 168 countries. In this study, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of the newly emerged coronavirus is modeled, validated, and then targeted using different anti-polymerase drugs currently on the market that have been approved for use against various viruses. The results suggest the effectiveness of Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir as potent drugs against SARS-CoV-2 since they tightly bind to its RdRp. In addition, the results suggest guanosine derivative (IDX-184), Setrobuvir, and YAK as top seeds for antiviral treatments with high potential to fight the SARS-CoV-2 strain specifically. The availability of FDA-approved anti-RdRp drugs can help treat patients and reduce the danger of the mysterious new viral infection COVID-19. The drugs mentioned above can tightly bind to the RdRp of the SARS-CoV-2 strain and thus may be used to treat the disease. No toxicity measurements are required for these drugs since they were previously tested prior to their approval by the FDA."}, {"pmid": 32278546, "pmcid": "PMC7142702", "title": "Virtual Interviews in the Era of COVID-19: A Primer for Applicants.", "journal": "J Surg Educ", "authors": ["Jones, Ruth Ellen", "Abdelfattah, Kareem R"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278546", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an evolving crisis with widespread impact upon our medical system, including senior trainee travel for fellowship interviews. Numerous institutions have conscientiously deferred in-person interviews or virtual formats. Given the competitive nature of fellowship interviews, candidates may express concern that they are at a disadvantage in engaging in online meetings versus live, on-site interviews, and similarly may feel ill prepared to perform optimally during online interviews. We draw upon our experience with online interview platforms in this guide for fellowship candidates who are rapidly adapting to new technology and styles associated with videoconference interviews so that they can best promote themselves for competitive positions."}, {"pmid": 32336303, "pmcid": "PMC7203168", "title": "Risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness in healthcare workers: Too many unknowns.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wander, Pandora L", "Orlov, Marika", "Merel, Susan E", "Enquobahrie, Daniel A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350545, "pmcid": "PMC7190392", "title": "Chest computed tomography in children with COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Radiol", "authors": ["Mungmunpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350545", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209542, "title": "Don't forget chronic lung and immune conditions during covid-19, says WHO.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Thornton, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209542", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354699, "title": "Covid-19: collateral damage of lockdown in India.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dore, Bhavya"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354699", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405267, "pmcid": "PMC7217766", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Diabetes Research in Canada.", "journal": "Can J Diabetes", "authors": ["Dyck, Jason R B"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405267", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403188, "pmcid": "PMC7272949", "title": "COVID-19 and the treatment of acute appendicitis in Ireland: a new era or short-term pivot?", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Kelly, M E", "Murphy, E", "Bolger, J C", "Cahill, R A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403188", "countries": ["Ireland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387574, "pmcid": "PMC7204689", "title": "Caring for Bereaved Family Members During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Before and After the Death of a Patient.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Morris, Sue E", "Moment, Amanda", "Thomas, Jane deLima"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387574", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Bereavement care is considered an integral component of quality end-of-life care endorsed by the palliative care movement. However, few hospitals and health care institutions offer universal bereavement care to all families of patients who die. The current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has highlighted this gap and created a sense of urgency, from a public health perspective, for institutions to provide support to bereaved family members. In this article, drawing on the palliative care and bereavement literature, we offer suggestions about how to incorporate palliative care tools and psychological strategies into bereavement care for families during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32371164, "pmcid": "PMC7196425", "title": "Recommendations for Essential Esophageal Physiologic Testing During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Lee, Yeong Yeh", "Bredenoord, Albert J", "Gyawali, C Prakash"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371164", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277463, "pmcid": "PMC7262364", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of a Geriatrician-Hospitalist Caring for Older Adults.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Sinvani, Liron"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277463", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356640, "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia and pulmonary embolism in a 66-year-old woman.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Harsch, Igor A", "Skiba, Marcin", "Konturek, Peter C"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356640", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399096, "pmcid": "PMC7212215", "title": "State-of-the-art tools unveil potent drug targets amongst clinically approved drugs to inhibit helicase in SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Arch Med Sci", "authors": ["Borgio, J Francis", "Alsuwat, Hind Saleh", "Al Otaibi, Waad Mohammed", "Ibrahim, Abdallah M", "Almandil, Noor B", "Al Asoom, Lubna Ibrahim", "Salahuddin, Mohammed", "Kamaraj, Balu", "AbdulAzeez, Sayed"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399096", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The extreme health and economic problems in the world due to the SARS-CoV-2 infection have led to an urgent need to identify potential drug targets for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present state-of-the-art tool-based screening was targeted to identify drug targets among clinically approved drugs by uncovering SARS-CoV-2 helicase inhibitors through molecular docking analysis. Helicase is a vital viral replication enzyme, which unwinds nucleic acids and separates the double-stranded nucleic acids into single-stranded nucleic acids. Hence, the SARS-CoV-2 helicase protein 3D structure was predicted, validated, and used to screen the druggable targets among clinically approved drugs such as protease inhibitor, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, used to treat HIV infection using molecular docking analysis. Interaction with SARS-CoV-2 helicase, approved drugs, vapreotide (affinity: -12.88; S score: -9.84 kcal/mol), and atazanavir (affinity: -11.28; S score: -9.32 kcal/mol), approved drugs for treating AIDS-related diarrhoea and HIV infection, respectively, are observed with significantly low binding affinity and MOE score or binding free energy. The functional binding pockets of the clinically approved drugs on SARS-CoV-2 helicase protein molecule suggest that vapreotide and atazanavir may interrupt the activities of the SARS-CoV-2 helicase. The study suggests that vapreotide may be a choice of drug for wet lab studies to inhibit the infection of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32225175, "title": "Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Shang, Jian", "Ye, Gang", "Shi, Ke", "Wan, Yushun", "Luo, Chuming", "Aihara, Hideki", "Geng, Qibin", "Auerbach, Ashley", "Li, Fang"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32225175", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) recently emerged and is rapidly spreading in humans, causing COVID-191,2. A key to tackling this pandemic is to understand the receptor recognition mechanism of the virus, which regulates its infectivity, pathogenesis and host range. SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV recognize the same receptor-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-in humans3,4. Here we determined the crystal structure of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (engineered to facilitate crystallization) in complex with ACE2. In comparison with the SARS-CoV RBD, an ACE2-binding ridge in SARS-CoV-2 RBD has a more compact conformation; moreover, several residue changes in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD stabilize two virus-binding hotspots at the RBD-ACE2 interface. These structural features of SARS-CoV-2 RBD increase its ACE2-binding affinity. Additionally, we show that RaTG13, a bat coronavirus that is closely related to SARS-CoV-2, also uses human ACE2 as its receptor. The differences among SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and RaTG13 in ACE2 recognition shed light on the potential animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This study provides guidance for intervention strategies that target receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32406933, "pmcid": "PMC7272943", "title": "When preserving life becomes imperative, quality of life is eclipsed! COVID-19 outbreak impacting patients with pelvic floor disorders undergoing pelvic floor rehabilitation.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Brusciano, L", "Gualtieri, G", "Gambardella, C", "Tolone, S", "Lucido, F S", "Del Genio, G", "Pellino, G", "Docimo, L"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406933", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407364, "pmcid": "PMC7224457", "title": "Are pangolins the intermediate host of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)?", "journal": "PLoS Pathog", "authors": ["Liu, Ping", "Jiang, Jing-Zhe", "Wan, Xiu-Feng", "Hua, Yan", "Li, Linmiao", "Zhou, Jiabin", "Wang, Xiaohu", "Hou, Fanghui", "Chen, Jing", "Zou, Jiejian", "Chen, Jinping"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407364", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the city of Wuhan, China has resulted in more than 1.7 million laboratory confirmed cases all over the world. Recent studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 was likely originated from bats, but its intermediate hosts are still largely unknown. In this study, we assembled the complete genome of a coronavirus identified in 3 sick Malayan pangolins. The molecular and phylogenetic analyses showed that this pangolin coronavirus (pangolin-CoV-2020) is genetically related to the SARS-CoV-2 as well as a group of bat coronaviruses but do not support the SARS-CoV-2 emerged directly from the pangolin-CoV-2020. Our study suggests that pangolins are natural hosts of Betacoronaviruses. Large surveillance of coronaviruses in pangolins could improve our understanding of the spectrum of coronaviruses in pangolins. In addition to conservation of wildlife, minimizing the exposures of humans to wildlife will be important to reduce the spillover risks of coronaviruses from wild animals to humans."}, {"pmid": 32273135, "pmcid": "PMC7136873", "title": "Analysis of Characteristics in Death Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia without Underlying Diseases.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Hu, Yiqi", "Deng, He", "Huang, Lu", "Xia, Liming", "Zhou, Xin"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273135", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407600, "pmcid": "PMC7272967", "title": "Response to \"uncertainties on the prognostic value of D-dimers in COVID-19 patients\".", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Zhang, Litao"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407600", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the letter from Dr Gris and colleagues. It is true there were several limitations in our study. However, we still believe that D-dimer level at admission could be an effective and easily available predictor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32445723, "pmcid": "PMC7239790", "title": "Water scarcity and COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Anim, Desmond Ofosu", "Ofori-Asenso, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445723", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427141, "pmcid": "PMC7229735", "title": "How to protect operating room staff from COVID-19?", "journal": "Perioper Care Oper Room Manag", "authors": ["Khah, Amir Mohammad Meraji", "Khoozani, Atefeh Beigi"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419722, "pmcid": "PMC7224966", "title": "Interventional Radiology and the Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Semin Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Ray, Charles E Jr"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419722", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374264, "pmcid": "PMC7224168", "title": "Delivering Benefits at Speed Through Real-World Repurposing of Off-Patent Drugs: The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Case in Point.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Rogosnitzky, Moshe", "Berkowitz, Esther", "Jadad, Alejandro R"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374264", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Real-world drug repurposing-the immediate \"off-label\" prescribing of drugs to address urgent clinical needs-is a widely overlooked opportunity. Off-label prescribing (ie, for a nonapproved indication) is legal in most countries and tends to shift the burden of liability and cost to physicians and patients, respectively. Nevertheless, health crises may mean that real-world repurposing is the only realistic source for solutions. Optimal real-world repurposing requires a track record of safety, affordability, and access for drug candidates. Although thousands of such drugs are already available, there is no central repository of off-label uses to facilitate immediate identification and selection of potentially useful interventions during public health crises. Using the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic as an example, we provide a glimpse of the extensive literature that supports the rationale behind six generic drugs, in four classes, all of which are affordable, supported by decades of safety data, and targeted toward the underlying pathophysiology that makes COVID-19 so deadly. This paper briefly summarizes why cimetidine or famotidine, dipyridamole, fenofibrate or bezafibrate, and sildenafil citrate are worth considering for patients with COVID-19. Clinical trials to assess efficacy are already underway for famotidine, dipyridamole, and sildenafil, and further trials of all these agents will be important in due course. These examples also reveal the unlimited opportunity to future-proof our health care systems by proactively mining, synthesizing, cataloging, and evaluating the off-label treatment opportunities of thousands of safe, well-established, and affordable generic drugs."}, {"pmid": 32405162, "pmcid": "PMC7219423", "title": "A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Gao, Ming", "Yang, Lihui", "Chen, Xuefu", "Deng, Yiyu", "Yang, Shifang", "Xu, Hanyi", "Chen, Zixing", "Gao, Xinglin"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405162", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32342349, "pmcid": "PMC7184817", "title": "In reply: Spinal anesthesia for Cesarean delivery in women with COVID-19 infection: questions regarding the cause of hypotension.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Chen, Rong", "Zhang, Yun-Yan", "Zhou, Qin", "Meng, Qing-Tao"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342349", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358312, "title": "Four Strategies for Plastic Surgery Education Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Plast Reconstr Surg", "authors": ["Kania, Kasia", "Abu-Ghname, Amjed", "Agrawal, Nikhil", "Maricevich, Renata S"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358312", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448641, "pmcid": "PMC7161518", "title": "[Renin-angiotensin system blockers and COVID-19 infection].", "journal": "Hipertens Riesgo Vasc", "authors": ["Ruilope, L M", "Garcia Donaire, J A", "de la Sierra, A"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448641", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205336, "title": "Are my patients with rheumatic diseases at higher risk of COVID-19?", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Figueroa-Parra, Gabriel", "Aguirre-Garcia, Gloria Mayela", "Gamboa-Alonso, Carmen Magdalena", "Camacho-Ortiz, Adrian", "Galarza-Delgado, Dionicio Angel"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32045966, "title": "[First case of severe childhood novel coronavirus pneumonia in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, F", "Liu, Z S", "Zhang, F R", "Xiong, R H", "Chen, Y", "Cheng, X F", "Wang, W Y", "Ren, J"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32045966", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385368, "title": "First CRISPR test for the coronavirus approved in the United States.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Guglielmi, Giorgia"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385368", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505172, "title": "Towards reduction in bias in epidemic curves due to outcome misclassification through Bayesian analysis of time-series of laboratory test results: case study of COVID-19 in Alberta, Canada and Philadelphia, USA.", "journal": "BMC Med Res Methodol", "authors": ["Burstyn, Igor", "Goldstein, Neal D", "Gustafson, Paul"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505172", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite widespread use, the accuracy of the diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 infection is poorly understood. The aim of our work was to better quantify misclassification errors in identification of true cases of COVID-19 and to study the impact of these errors in epidemic curves using publicly available surveillance data from Alberta, Canada and Philadelphia, USA. We examined time-series data of laboratory tests for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, the causal agent for COVID-19, to try to explore, using a Bayesian approach, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test. Our analysis revealed that the data were compatible with near-perfect specificity, but it was challenging to gain information about sensitivity. We applied these insights to uncertainty/bias analysis of epidemic curves under the assumptions of both improving and degrading sensitivity. If the sensitivity improved from 60 to 95%, the adjusted epidemic curves likely falls within the 95% confidence intervals of the observed counts. However, bias in the shape and peak of the epidemic curves can be pronounced, if sensitivity either degrades or remains poor in the 60-70% range. In the extreme scenario, hundreds of undiagnosed cases, even among the tested, are possible, potentially leading to further unchecked contagion should these cases not self-isolate. The best way to better understand bias in the epidemic curves of COVID-19 due to errors in testing is to empirically evaluate misclassification of diagnosis in clinical settings and apply this knowledge to adjustment of epidemic curves."}, {"pmid": 32153742, "pmcid": "PMC7036705", "title": "2019-nCoV: Polite with children!", "journal": "Pediatr Rep", "authors": ["Caselli, Desiree", "Arico, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32153742", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466717, "title": "Public and Private Health Services: Wait Times for Health Services and the Risk of Inequality from the Italian Perspective.", "journal": "Popul Health Manag", "authors": ["Cioffi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466717", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398222, "title": "Covid-19: Pandemic exposes inequalities in global food systems.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398222", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438330, "pmcid": "PMC7214325", "title": "Convalescent plasma: A possible treatment protocol for COVID- 19 patients suffering from diabetes or underlying liver diseases.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Pawar, Ashish Yashwantrao", "Hiray, Apoorva Prashant", "Sonawane, Deepak Devidas", "Bhambar, Rajendra Sudhakar", "Derle, Deelip Vishram", "Ahire, Yogesh Suresh"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438330", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As on date, no specific treatment is available for devastating COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This pandemic viral infection has affected over 200 countries within a very short time and created a calamitous situation across the globe. As per WHO guidelines, the treatment is mainly symptomatic and supportive. This clinical protocol has not proven sufficient to save the lives of COVID-19 patients suffering from diabetes or having underlying liver diseases; hence there is utmost need to tackle this situation by other means such as Convalescent Plasma (CP) therapy. A comprehensive literature survey was carriedout using Elsevier, PubMed, Taylor & Francis, Springer, Nature and Google search engines. The patients suffering from diabetes or liver dysfunction or any other underlying diseases are at greatest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. From the study, it is proved that plasma collected from the recovered patients of viral infection has considerable potential to treat the viral disease without the occurrence of adverse effects. The CP therapy can be a possible life saving alternative to treat critical COVID-19 patients having diabetes or underlying liver dysfunction. Hence, randomised clinical trials are recommended at the earliest to save the lives of infected individuals of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32358580, "pmcid": "PMC7194244", "title": "COVID-19: a case for inhibiting IL-17?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Pacha, Omar", "Sallman, Mary Alice", "Evans, Scott E"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358580", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502662, "pmcid": "PMC7266579", "title": "Early characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreak predict the subsequent epidemic size.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Lei", "Tao, Yusha", "Wang, Jing", "Ong, Jason J", "Tang, Weiming", "Zou, Maosheng", "Bai, Lu", "Ding, Miao", "Shen, Mingwang", "Zhuang, Guihua", "Fairley, Christopher K"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502662", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The largely resolved first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in China provides a unique opportunity to investigate how the early characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreak predicts its subsequent size. We collected publicly available COVID-19 epidemiological data from 436 Chinese cities during 16th January-15th March 2020. Based on 45 cities which reported >100 confirmed cases, we examined the correlation between early-stage epidemic characteristics and subsequent epidemic size. We identified a transition point from a slow- to a fast-growing phase for COVID-19 at 5.5 (95% CI, 4.6-6.4) days after the first report, and 30 confirmed cases marked a critical threshold for this transition. The average time for the number of confirmed cases to increase from 30 to 100 (time from 30-to-100) was 6.6 (5.3-7.9) days, and the average case-fatality rate in the first 100 confirmed cases (CFR-100) was 0.8% (0.2-1.4%). The subsequent epidemic size per million population was significantly associated with both of these indicators. We predict a ranking of epidemic size in the cities based on these two indicators and found it highly correlated with the actual ranking of epidemic size. Early epidemic characteristics are important indicators for the size of the entire epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32328207, "pmcid": "PMC7177096", "title": "[Pre-e post-operative screening in limited-term elective oncological surgery patients during the COVID-19 pandemic period.]", "authors": ["Zizzo, M", "Bollino, R", "Annessi, V"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328207", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507468, "title": "Measuring grip strength in COVID-19: A simple way to predict overall frailty/impairment.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Ekiz, Timur", "Kara, Murat", "Ozcakar, Levent"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507468", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371823, "pmcid": "PMC7227797", "title": "Respiratory Distress in Postanesthesia Care Unit: First Presentation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a 17-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report.", "journal": "A A Pract", "authors": ["Rahmanzade, Ramin", "Rahmanzadeh, Reza", "Hashemian, Seyed MohammadReza"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371823", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 17-year-old healthy girl underwent an uneventful esthetic septorhinoplasty. She was easily extubated and transferred to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) with oxygen saturation (SpO2) of 96%. About 30 minutes after arrival in the PACU, she developed dyspnea with SpO2 of 84% and promptly received oxygen with bilevel positive airway pressure in conjunction with low-dose corticosteroid. The subsequent chest computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral patchy infiltrates similar to the radiologic findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Finally, a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of a pharyngeal specimen confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32247927, "pmcid": "PMC7151266", "title": "Remdesivir for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing COVID-19: An evaluation of the evidence.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cao, Yu-Chen", "Deng, Qi-Xin", "Dai, Shi-Xue"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247927", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus infection that initially found at the end of 2019 has attracted great attention. So far, the number of infectious cases has increased globally to more than 100 thousand and the outbreak has been defined as a pandemic situation, but there are still no \"specific drug\" available. Relevant reports have pointed out the novel coronavirus has 80% homology with SARS. In the difficulty where new synthesized drug cannot be applied immediately to patients, \"conventional drug in new use\" becomes a feasible solution. The first medication experience of the recovered patients in the US has led remdesivir to be the \"specific drug\". China has also taken immediate action to put remdesivir into clinical trials with the purpose of applying it into clinical therapeutics for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We started from the structure, immunogenicity, and pathogenesis of coronavirus infections of the novel coronavirus. Further, we analyzed the pharmacological actions and previous trials of remdesivir to identify the feasibility of conducting experiments on COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32484943, "title": "Recognizing and Mitigating the Threat Posed by COVID-19 to Otolaryngologists: A UK Perspective.", "journal": "Laryngoscope", "authors": ["Kumar, Nirmal", "Garas, George", "Swift, Andrew C", "O'Donoghue, Gerard M"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484943", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241306, "pmcid": "PMC7163190", "title": "Harmonizing the COVID-19 cacophony: People need guidance.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Arif, Taha Bin", "Ali, Aiman"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490930, "title": "Lung transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Samano, Marcos N", "Pego-Fernandes, Paulo M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490930", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531256, "pmcid": "PMC7283076", "title": "Cytokine Storm Induced by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Song, Peipei", "Li, Wei", "Xie, Jianqin", "Hou, Yanlong", "You, Chongge"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531256", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently spreading globally, causing severe pneumonia and acute lung injury in many patients. Even worse, severe respiratory may develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in COVID-19. The cytokine storm caused by immune over-activation due to virus infection may be an important cause of death in the late period of progress, but the pathogenesis of cytokine storm is still unclear. This article reviews the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm in detail based on the current discovered researches, and put forward some valuable medication ideas for the targeted cytokines drug researches and treatment. The goal of this work will be helpful for reducing excessive immune response."}, {"pmid": 32501370, "pmcid": "PMC7252162", "title": "Short-term forecasting COVID-19 cumulative confirmed cases: Perspectives for Brazil.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Ribeiro, Matheus Henrique Dal Molin", "da Silva, Ramon Gomes", "Mariani, Viviana Cocco", "Coelho, Leandro Dos Santos"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501370", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an emerging disease responsible for infecting millions of people since the first notification until nowadays. Developing efficient short-term forecasting models allow forecasting the number of future cases. In this context, it is possible to develop strategic planning in the public health system to avoid deaths. In this paper, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), cubist regression (CUBIST), random forest (RF), ridge regression (RIDGE), support vector regression (SVR), and stacking-ensemble learning are evaluated in the task of time series forecasting with one, three, and six-days ahead the COVID-19 cumulative confirmed cases in ten Brazilian states with a high daily incidence. In the stacking-ensemble learning approach, the CUBIST regression, RF, RIDGE, and SVR models are adopted as base-learners and Gaussian process (GP) as meta-learner. The models' effectiveness is evaluated based on the improvement index, mean absolute error, and symmetric mean absolute percentage error criteria. In most of the cases, the SVR and stacking-ensemble learning reach a better performance regarding adopted criteria than compared models. In general, the developed models can generate accurate forecasting, achieving errors in a range of 0.87%-3.51%, 1.02%-5.63%, and 0.95%-6.90% in one, three, and six-days-ahead, respectively. The ranking of models, from the best to the worst regarding accuracy, in all scenarios is SVR, stacking-ensemble learning, ARIMA, CUBIST, RIDGE, and RF models. The use of evaluated models is recommended to forecasting and monitor the ongoing growth of COVID-19 cases, once these models can assist the managers in the decision-making support systems."}, {"pmid": 32507706, "title": "Managing Hand Trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic using a One-Stop Clinic.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Sadr, Mr A H", "Gardiner, Miss S", "Burr, Mrs Nikki", "Nikkhah, Mr D", "Jemec, Miss Barbara"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507706", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516861, "title": "Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in COVID-19 patients aged >/=80 years.", "journal": "Geriatr Gerontol Int", "authors": ["Covino, Marcello", "De Matteis, Giuseppe", "Santoro, Michele", "Sabia, Luca", "Simeoni, Benedetta", "Candelli, Marcello", "Ojetti, Veronica", "Franceschi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516861", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the present study was to describe the clinical presentation of patients aged \u226580\u2009years with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and provide insights regarding the prognostic factors and the risk stratification in this population. This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study, carried out in a referral center for COVID-19 in central Italy. We reviewed the clinical records of patients consecutively admitted for confirmed COVID-19 over a 1-month period (1-31 March 2020). We excluded asymptomatic discharged patients. We identified risk factors for death, by a uni- and multivariate Cox regression analysis. To improve model fitting and hazard estimation, continuous parameters where dichotomized by using Youden's index. Overall, 69 patients, aged 80-98\u2009years, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study cohort. The median age was 84\u2009years (82-89\u2009years is interquartile range); 37 patients (53.6%) were men. Globally, 14 patients (20.3%) presented a mild, 30 (43.5%) a severe and 25 (36.2%) a critical COVID-19 disease. A total of 23 (33.3%) patients had died at 30\u2009days' follow up. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that severe dementia, pO2 \u226490 at admission and lactate dehydrogenase >464\u2009U/L were independent risk factors for death. The present data suggest that risk of death could be not age dependent in patients aged \u226580\u2009years, whereas severe dementia emerged is a relevant risk factor in this population. Severe COVID-19, as expressed by elevated lactate dehydrogenase and low oxygen saturation at emergency department admission, is associated with a rapid progression to death in these patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; \u2022\u2022: \u2022\u2022-\u2022\u2022."}, {"pmid": 32505223, "title": "Talking to children about illness and death of a loved one during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Rapa, Elizabeth", "Dalton, Louise", "Stein, Alan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505223", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375197, "title": "COVID-19: Ophthalmological Aspects of the SARS-CoV 2 Global Pandemic.", "journal": "Klin Monbl Augenheilkd", "authors": ["Siedlecki, Jakob", "Brantl, Victor", "Schworm, Benedikt", "Mayer, Wolfgang Johann", "Gerhardt, Maximilian", "Michalakis, Stylianos", "Kreutzer, Thomas", "Priglinger, Siegfried"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375197", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To perform a systematic analysis of articles on the ophthalmological implications of the global COVID-19 pandemic. PubMed.gov was searched for relevant articles using the keywords \"COVID-19\", \"coronavirus\", and \"SARS-CoV-2\" in conjunction with \"ophthalmology\" and \"eye\". Moreover, official recommendations of ophthalmological societies were systematically reviewed, with a focus on the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) and the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth). As of April 16, 2020, in total, 21 peer-reviewed articles on the ophthalmological aspects of COVID-19 were identified. Of these, 12 (57.1%) were from Asia, 6 (28.6%) from the United States of America, and 3 (14.3%) from Europe. There were 5 (23.8%) original studies, 10 (47.6%) letters, 3 (14.2%) case reports, and 3 (14.2%) reviews. These articles could be classified into the topics \"Modes and prevention of (ocular) transmission\", \"Ophthalmological manifestations of COVID-19\", \"Clinical guidance concerning ophthalmological practice during the COVID-19 pandemic\", and \"Practical recommendations for clinical infrastructure\". Practical recommendations could be extracted from official statements of the AAO and the RCOphth. Within a short period, a growing body of articles has started to elucidate the ophthalmological implications of COVID-19. As the eye can represent a route of infection (actively via tears and passively via the nasoacrimal duct), ophthalmological care has to undergo substantial modifications during this pandemic. In the eye, COVID-19 can manifest as keratoconjunctivitis."}, {"pmid": 32404258, "pmcid": "PMC7205660", "title": "Coronovirus infection as a novel delusional topic.", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Ovejero, Santiago", "Baca-Garcia, Enrique", "Barrigon, Maria Luisa"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404258", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Delusional topics tend to rapidly incorporate popular hot topical issues. Thus, the current coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly reached delusional themes in patients with psychiatric disorders. Here we present the clinical case of a Spanish woman with bipolar disorder that included coronavirus infection in her delusional themes even faster than the real infection reached mainland Spain."}, {"pmid": 32395786, "title": "Covid-19: First severe pandemic of the 21st century.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Charfi, Mohamed Ridha"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395786", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303025, "title": "Crisis Psychodrama in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatr Danub", "authors": ["Mindoljevic Drakulic, Aleksandra", "Radman, Vivijana"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303025", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This work gives an overview of the methods of scenic expression which can be used to help cope with the crisis caused by the global threat of the coronavirus pandemic. The virus is new, the vaccine has not been developed yet and there are no unified prevention and post-prevention policies. In the following lines some modified elements of psychodrama interventions are presented including the ways of preventing the retraumatization of the patient (protagonist). This can be achieved by conscious reliving of the trauma and by activating new, transformative roles to guide the protagonist on his way to recovery."}, {"pmid": 32235083, "title": "Global outbreak of COVID-19: a new challenge?", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Musa, Taha Hussein", "Ahmad, Tauseef", "Khan, Muhammad", "Haroon, Haroon", "Wei, Pingmin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235083", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414614, "pmcid": "PMC7214281", "title": "Figuring out the new normal: Completing my fellowship at home, with my children, while the coronavirus rages.", "journal": "J Pediatr Urol", "authors": ["Milford, Karen"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414614", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513520, "title": "COVID-19: A Call for Action, Collaboration, Reason, and Unity.", "journal": "Eur Urol Focus", "authors": ["Gaisa, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513520", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371962, "title": "Going viral: how to boost the spread of coronavirus science on social media.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Yammine, Samantha"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371962", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201439, "pmcid": "PMC7074432", "title": "Therapeutic options for the treatment of 2019-novel coronavirus: An evidence-based approach.", "journal": "Indian J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Sarma, Phulen", "Prajapat, Manisha", "Avti, Pramod", "Kaur, Hardeep", "Kumar, Subodh", "Medhi, Bikash"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201439", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493738, "title": "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Chahar, Praveen", "Marciniak, Donn"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493738", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is extremely transmissible. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is associated with multiple aerosol-generating procedures including chest compression, positive pressure ventilation, and airway manipulation. Healthcare providers who perform CPR are at high risk of contracting COVID-19. CPR in patients with suspected or proven COVID-19 must be performed without compromising the safety of healthcare providers. An overview of special considerations."}, {"pmid": 32386712, "pmcid": "PMC7198986", "title": "Surgeons, plague, and leadership: A historical mantle to carry forward.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Barr, Justin", "Hwang, E Shelley", "Shortell, Cynthia K"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386712", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has sickened millions, killed hundreds of thousands, and disrupted daily life for citizens around the world. Utterly devastating, COVID-19 is but the most recent pandemic to sweep the globe. Throughout history, surgeons like Guy de Chauliac, James Lind, John Hunter, John Snow, and Walter Reed have led scientific campaigns to understand, prevent, and treat epidemics like the bubonic plague, scurvy, syphilis, cholera, and yellow fever. We as a surgical community should herald their examples and re-focus our efforts to pioneer investigations into the coronavirus, helping elucidate the biology, understand its social effects, and provide effective treatment regimens for the disease."}, {"pmid": 32501367, "pmcid": "PMC7241328", "title": "Chloroquine dosage regimens in patients with COVID-19: Safety risks and optimization using simulations.", "journal": "Saf Sci", "authors": ["Karalis, Vangelis", "Ismailos, George", "Karatza, Eleni"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501367", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently no specific medicinal treatment exists against the new SARS-CoV2 and chloroquine is widely used, since it can decrease the length of hospital stay and improve the evolution of the associated COVID-19 pneumonia. However, several safety concerns have been raised from chloroquine use due to the lack of essential information regarding its dosing. The aim of this study is to provide a critical appraisal of the safety information regarding chloroquine treatment and to apply simulation techniques to unveil relationships between the observed serious adverse events and overdosing, as well as to propose optimized dosage regimens. The dose related adverse events of chloroquine are unveiled and maximum tolerated doses and concentration levels are quoted. Among others, treatment with chloroquine can lead to severe adverse effects like prolongation of the QT interval and cardiomyopathy. In case of chloroquine overdosing, conditions similar to those produced by SARS-CoV2, such as pulmonary oedema with respiratory insufficiency and circulatory collapse, can be observed. Co-administration of chloroquine with other drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, like azithromycin, can further increase the risk of QT prolongation and cardiomyopathy. For elder patients there is a high risk for toxicity and dose reduction should be made. This study unveils the risks of some widely used dosing regimens and binds the observed serious adverse events with dosing. Based on simulations, safer alternative dosage regimens are proposed and recommendations regarding chloroquine dosing are made."}, {"pmid": 32249072, "pmcid": "PMC7270784", "title": "Protecting High-Risk Cardiac Patients During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Pisano, Antonio", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Zangrillo, Alberto"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249072", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330312, "pmcid": "PMC7264668", "title": "Does pandemic justify the use of hydroxychloroquine for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in India?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Tripathy, Jaya Prasad"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330312", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371467, "title": "Covid-19: UK advisory panel members are revealed after experts set up new group.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371467", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418781, "pmcid": "PMC7211673", "title": "COVID-19 and Gynecomastia: What is the Relationship?", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Kazemi, Mohamad Ali", "Hemmati, Samira", "Moradi, Behnaz", "Sharifian, Hashem", "Firooznia, Kavous", "Nikravangolsefid, Nasrin"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418781", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339019, "title": "Computed tomography manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Br J Hosp Med (Lond)", "authors": ["An, Peng", "Liu, Bo"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339019", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32001309, "pmcid": "PMC7127306", "title": "Emergence of a novel coronavirus causing respiratory illness from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Tang, Julian W", "Tambyah, Paul A", "Hui, David S C"], "date": "2020-02-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32001309", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488188, "title": "How scientific conferences will survive the coronavirus shock.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Viglione, Giuliana"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488188", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345862, "pmcid": "PMC7228030", "title": "Preparing for the aftermath of COVID-19: important considerations for healthcare providers and hospital administrators.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Holthof, Niels"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345862", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418728, "pmcid": "PMC7204680", "title": "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pharmacology, and COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Therapie", "authors": ["Micallef, Joelle", "Soeiro, Thomas", "Jonville-Bera, Annie-Pierre"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418728", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have an optional prescription status that has resulted in frequent use, in particular for the symptomatic treatment of fever and non-rheumatic pain. In 2019, a multi-source analysis of complementary pharmacological data showed that using NSAIDs in these indications (potentially indicative of an underlying infection) increases the risk of a severe bacterial complication, in particular in the case of lung infections. First, the clinical observations of the French Pharmacovigilance Network showed that severe bacterial infections can occur even after a short NSAID treatment, and even if the NSAID is associated with an antibiotic. Second, pharmacoepidemiological studies, some of which minimized the protopathic bias, all converged and confirmed the risk. Third, experimental in vitro and in vivo animal studies suggest several biological mechanisms, which strengthens a causal link beyond the well-known risk of delaying the care of the infection (immunomodulatory effects, effects on S.\u00a0pyogenes infections, and reduced antibiotics efficacy). Therefore, in case of infection, symptomatic treatment with NSAIDs for non-severe symptoms (fever, pain, or myalgia) is not to be recommended, given a range of clinical and scientific arguments supporting an increased risk of severe bacterial complication. Besides, the existence of a safer drug alternative, with paracetamol at recommended doses, makes this recommendation of precaution and common sense even more legitimate. In 2020, such recommendation is more topical than ever with the emergence of COVID-19, especially since it results in fever, headaches, muscular pain, and cough, and is further complicated with pneumopathy, and given experimental data suggesting a link between ibuprofen and the level of expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2."}, {"pmid": 32145465, "pmcid": "PMC7102659", "title": "A conceptual model for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China with individual reaction and governmental action.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lin, Qianying", "Zhao, Shi", "Gao, Daozhou", "Lou, Yijun", "Yang, Shu", "Musa, Salihu S", "Wang, Maggie H", "Cai, Yongli", "Wang, Weiming", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145465", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, emerged in Wuhan, China in the end of 2019, has claimed more than 2600 lives as of 24 February 2020 and posed a huge threat to global public health. The Chinese government has implemented control measures including setting up special hospitals and travel restriction to mitigate the spread. We propose conceptual models for the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan with the consideration of individual behavioural reaction and governmental actions, e.g., holiday extension, travel restriction, hospitalisation and quarantine. We employe the estimates of these two key components from the 1918 influenza pandemic in London, United Kingdom, incorporated zoonotic introductions and the emigration, and then compute future trends and the reporting ratio. The model is concise in structure, and it successfully captures the course of the COVID-19 outbreak, and thus sheds light on understanding the trends of the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32218340, "pmcid": "PMC7178250", "title": "Could Intravenous Immunoglobulin Collected from Recovered Coronavirus Patients Protect against COVID-19 and Strengthen the Immune System of New Patients?", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Jawhara, Samir"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218340", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, which causes severe respiratory tract infections in humans (COVID-19), has become a global health concern. Most coronaviruses infect animals but can evolve into strains that cross the species barrier and infect humans. At the present, there is no single specific vaccine or efficient antiviral therapy against COVID-19. Recently, we showed that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment reduces inflammation of intestinal epithelial cells and eliminates overgrowth of the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans in the murine gut. Immunotherapy with IVIg could be employed to neutralize COVID-19. However, the efficacy of IVIg would be better if the immune IgG antibodies were collected from patients who have recovered from COVID-19 in the same city, or the surrounding area, in order to increase the chance of neutralizing the virus. These immune IgG antibodies will be specific against COVID-19 by boosting the immune response in newly infected patients. Different procedures may be used to remove or inactivate any possible pathogens from the plasma of recovered coronavirus patient derived immune IgG, including solvent/detergent, 60 \u00b0C heat-treatment, and nanofiltration. Overall, immunotherapy with immune IgG antibodies combined with antiviral drugs may be an alternative treatment against COVID-19 until stronger options such as vaccines are available."}, {"pmid": 32412512, "title": "The new coronavirus that came from the East: analysis of the initial epidemic in Mexico.", "journal": "Gac Med Mex", "authors": ["Ornelas-Aguirre, Jose M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412512", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 23, 2020, suspension of non-essential activities was declared in Mexico throughout the country in order to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. To analyze data on the first 1,510 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Mexico, and to describe the geographical distribution of the disease and its transmission dynamics. Description of the first COVID-19 cases with real-time RT-PCR-positive test, as well as evaluation of epidemiological measures, cumulative incidence, rate of transmission, and mortality and lethality rates during the first month of the epidemic. Average age was 43 years, and 58 % were males; 44 % of initial cases were imported. Lethality in the population during the first month went from 1.08 to 3.97 per 100 cases; however, the trend is linear and similar to that observed in Europe. In Mexico, social distancing is being applied, but studies are still required on the dynamics of the epidemic, person-to-person transmission, incidence of subclinical infections, and patient survival."}, {"pmid": 32507520, "title": "[COVID-19: Pathogenesis of a multi-faceted disease].", "journal": "Rev Med Interne", "authors": ["Bonny, V", "Maillard, A", "Mousseaux, C", "Placais, L", "Richier, Q"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507520", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2\u00a0infection, named COVID-19, can lead to a dysregulated immune response and abnormal coagulation responsible for a viral sepsis. In this review, we specify physiopathological mechanisms of each phase of COVID-19 -\u00a0viral, immune and pro-thrombotic\u00a0- notably because they involve different treatment. Finally, we specify the physiopathological mechanisms of organ injury."}, {"pmid": 32361327, "pmcid": "PMC7187844", "title": "Predictive factors for disease progression in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Jun", "Yu, Miao", "Tong, Song", "Liu, Lu-Yu", "Tang, Liang-V"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361327", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A few studies have revealed the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. However, predictive factors for the outcomes remain unclear. Attempted to determine the predictive factors for the poor outcomes of patients with COVID-19. This is a single-center, retrospective study. Clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected and analyzed from 111 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Union Hospital. The gathered data of discharged and deteriorated patients were compared. Among these 111 patients, 93 patients were discharged and 18 patients were deteriorated. The lymphocyte count (0.56 G/L [0.47-0.63] vs 1.30 G/L [0.95-1.65]) was lower in the deteriorated group than those in the discharged group. The numbers of pulmonary lobe involved (5.00 [5.00-5.00] vs 4.00 [2.00-5.00]), serum C-reactive protein (CRP, 79.52 mg/L [61.25-102.98] vs 7.93 mg/L [3.14-22.50]), IL-6 (35.72 pg/mL [9.24-85.19] vs 5.09 pg/mL [3.16-9.72]), and IL-10 (5.35 pg/mL [4.48-7.84] vs 3.97 pg/mL [3.34-4.79]) concentrations in deteriorated patients were elevated compared with discharged patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male gender (OR, 24.8 [1.8-342.1]), comorbidity (OR, 52.6 [3.6-776.4]), lymphopenia (OR, 17.3 [1.1-261.8]), and elevated CRP (OR, 96.5 [4.6-2017.6]) were the independent risk factors for the poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. This finding would facilitate the early identification of high-risk COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32318975, "pmcid": "PMC7171433", "title": "Advances in COVID-19: the virus, the pathogenesis, and evidence-based control and therapeutic strategies.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Guangbiao", "Chen, Saijuan", "Chen, Zhu"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318975", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in early December 2019, 81 174 confirmed cases and 3242 deaths have been reported in China as of March 19, 2020. The Chinese people and government have contributed huge efforts to combat this disease, resulting in significant improvement of the situation, with 58 new cases (34 were imported cases) and 11 new deaths reported on March 19, 2020. However, as of March 19, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to develop in 167 countries/territories outside of China, and 128 665 confirmed cases and 5536 deaths have been reported, with 16 498 new cases and 817 new deaths occurring in last 24 hours. Therefore, the world should work together to fight against this pandemic. Here, we review the recent advances in COVID-19, including the insights in the virus, the responses of the host cells, the cytokine release syndrome, and the therapeutic approaches to inhibit the virus and alleviate the cytokine storm. By sharing knowledge and deepening our understanding of the virus and the disease pathogenesis, we believe that the community can efficiently develop effective vaccines and drugs, and the mankind will eventually win this battle against this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32432527, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine against COVID-19: A critical appraisal of the existing evidence.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Tselios, Konstantinos", "Skendros, Panagiotis"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432527", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has sparked much interest in the therapeutics of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Its antiviral properties have been studied for years; regarding the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), it has been shown that HCQ may act at multiple levels. These extend from the initial attachment of the virus to the respiratory epithelium to the inhibition of its replication by the alkalinisation of the phagolysosome's microenvironment and the post-translational modification of certain viral proteins. Preliminary clinical evidence from China and France showed significant virological and clinical benefit in HCQ-treated patients, while other studies, mostly including critically ill patients, did not show favorable results. In this review, we critically appraise the existing evidence on HCQ against SARS-CoV-2 with particular emphasis on its protective and therapeutic role. Safety concerns that are relevant to the short-term HCQ use are also discussed. In the context of the rapid evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic that strains the health care systems worldwide and considering limited population-wide testing rates in most of the vulnerable countries, early empiric short-term administration of HCQ in symptomatic individuals, may be a promising, safe and low-cost strategy."}, {"pmid": 32269063, "title": "Learning from Adversity: Lessons from the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Putman, Michael S", "Ruderman, Eric M"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269063", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363596, "pmcid": "PMC7267397", "title": "Safe management of surgical smoke in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Mowbray, N G", "Ansell, J", "Horwood, J", "Cornish, J", "Rizkallah, P", "Parker, A", "Wall, P", "Spinelli, A", "Torkington, J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363596", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic has resulted in a plethora of guidance and opinion from surgical societies. A controversial area concerns the safety of surgically created smoke and the perceived potential higher risk in laparoscopic surgery. The limited published evidence was analysed in combination with expert opinion. A review was undertaken of the novel coronavirus with regards to its hazards within surgical smoke and the procedures that could mitigate the potential risks to healthcare staff. Using existing knowledge of surgical smoke, a theoretical risk of virus transmission exists. Best practice should consider the operating room set-up, patient movement and operating theatre equipment when producing a COVID-19 operating protocol. The choice of energy device can affect the smoke produced, and surgeons should manage the pneumoperitoneum meticulously during laparoscopic surgery. Devices to remove surgical smoke, including extractors, filters and non-filter devices, are discussed in detail. There is not enough evidence to quantify the risks of COVID-19 transmission in surgical smoke. However, steps can be undertaken to manage the potential hazards. The advantages of minimally invasive surgery may not need to be sacrificed in the current crisis."}, {"pmid": 32349517, "title": "Becoming a Faithful Defender: Traditional Chinese Medicine against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Chin Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Leyin", "Yu, Jieru", "Zhou, Yiwen", "Shen, Minhe", "Sun, Leitao"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349517", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak caused by COVID-19 is causing a major challenge to clinical management and a worldwide threat to public health. So far, there is no specific anti-coronavirus therapy approved for the treatment of COVID-19. Recently, as the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely acknowledged, it has been brought to a crucial status by the public, governments, and World Health Organization (WHO). For a better popularization of TCM, governments have made several advances in regulations and policies for treatment and measures of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). Therefore, on the basis of epidemiology and virology information, we reviewed relevant meta-analysis and clinical studies of anti-coronavirus therapeutics by TCM, in the aspect of mortality, symptom improvement, duration and dosage of corticosteroid, incidence of complications and the like. In addition, we also summarized preclinical rationale for anti-coronavirus activity by TCM in terms of virion assembly and release, as well as viral entry and replication, which could be a useful contribution for figuring out effective Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for coronavirus, including ingredients from single monomeric compounds, Chinese herbs, Chinese herb extracts and Chinese herb formulas, or potential targets for medicine. We would like to see these relevant studies, ranging from basic researches to clinical application, could provide some idea on effects of CHM to combat COVID-19 or other coronaviruses, and also offer new thinking for the exploration of therapeutic strategies under the guidance of TCM."}, {"pmid": 32346862, "title": "Inhaled NO and COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Ignarro, Louis J"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346862", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425337, "pmcid": "PMC7229931", "title": "CT imaging features of 34 patients infected with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Zhang, Litao", "Kong, Xue", "Li, Xiujuan", "Zhu, Jianzhong", "Liu, Shanping", "Li, Weiwei", "Xu, Chunlin", "Du, Huanwang", "Jing, Hui", "Xu, Jiahuan", "Shi, Tongtong", "Xie, Yuanzhong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425337", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To retrospectively analyze the CT findings in patients infected with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The thirty-four cases, 15 females and 19 males, with an age ranging from 7 to 88\u202fyears old, confirmed by real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), were used for our study. All thin-section CT scans of the lungs were performed in all of patients. The clinical, laboratory and CT imaging were available to evaluate in all patients. The patients present with fever (85.29%, n\u202f=\u202f29), cough (67.65%, n\u202f=\u202f23), fatigue or myalgia (26.47%, n\u202f=\u202f9), and pharyngalgia (8.82%, n\u202f=\u202f3). The 4 patients (11.76%) with no symptoms were identified during screening for close contacts, who had typical CT findings. On initial CT scans, the bilateral lung involved was shown in 24 cases (70.59%), while 29 (82.35%) cases were distributed in peripheral. The pure ground glass opacity (GGO) was shown in 18 cases (52.94%), the GGO with consolidation was in 12 cases (35.29%), and full consolidation only in 3 cases. The lesion with air bronchogram was seen in 14 (41.18%) cases, with enlarged blood vessel in 17 (50.00%) cases, with crazy-paving pattern in 8 (23.53%) cases, with fine reticular pattern in 4 (11.77%) cases, and with intralesional vacuole sign in 6 (17.65%) cases. The pleural effusion was seen in one patient. Follow-up imaging in 19 patients during the study time window demonstrated mild, moderate or severe progression of disease, as manifested by increasing extent and density of lung opacities. The bilateral GGO with air bronchogram, enlarged blood vessel, fine reticular pattern, and peripheral distribution are the early CT findings of COVID-19. The crazy-paving pattern and intralesional vacuole sign are the features of progressive stage."}, {"pmid": 32407645, "title": "To book online and for more information on upcoming events please visit www.rsm.ac.uk : Due to the COVID-19 situation, majority of RSM events originally scheduled until the end of June are now postponed/cancelled.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407645", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360793, "pmcid": "PMC7189846", "title": "Ramping Up the Delivery of Cardiac Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Guidance Statement From the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Hassan, Ansar", "Arora, Rakesh C", "Lother, Sylvain A", "Adams, Corey", "Bouchard, Denis", "Cook, Richard", "Gunning, Derek", "Lamarche, Yoan", "Malas, Tarek", "Moon, Michael", "Ouzounian, Maral", "Rao, Vivek", "Rubens, Fraser", "Tremblay, Philippe", "Whitlock, Richard", "Moss, Emmanuel", "Legare, Jean-Francois"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360793", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a profound global effect. Its rapid transmissibility has forced whole countries to adopt strict measures to contain its spread. As part of necessary pandemic planning, most Canadian cardiac surgical programs have prioritized and delayed elective procedures in an effort to reduce the burden on the health care system and to mobilize resources in the event of a pandemic surge. While the number of COVID-19 cases continue to increase worldwide, new cases have begun to decline in many jurisdictions. This \"flattening of the curve\" has inevitably prompted discussions around reopening of the economy, relaxing some public health restrictions, and resuming nonurgent health care delivery. This document provides a template for cardiac surgical programs to begin to ramp-up the delivery of cardiac surgery in a deliberate and graded fashion as the COVID-19 pandemic burden begins to ease that is guided by 3 principles. First, all recommendations from public health authorities regarding COVID-19 containment must continue to be followed to minimize disease spread, ensure patient safety, and protect health care personnel. Second, patients awaiting elective cardiac surgery need to be proactively managed, reprioritizing those with high-risk anatomy or whose clinical status is deteriorating. Finally, case volumes should be steadily increased in a mutually agreed upon fashion and must balance the clinical needs of patients awaiting surgery against the overall requirements of the health care system."}, {"pmid": 32330857, "pmcid": "PMC7165104", "title": "Letter to the editor in response to article: \"Clinical considerations for patients with diabetes in times of COVID-19 epidemic (Gupta et al.).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Gupta, Ritesh"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330857", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354535, "pmcid": "PMC7172838", "title": "The Rapid Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic by the Arthroplasty Divisions at Two Academic Referral Centers.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Pelt, Christopher E", "Campbell, Kevin L", "Gililland, Jeremy M", "Anderson, Lucas A", "Peters, Christopher L", "Barnes, C Lowry", "Edwards, Paul K", "Mears, Simon C", "Stambough, Jeffrey B"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created widespread changes across all of health care. As a result, the impacts on the delivery of orthopedic services have been challenged. To ensure and provide adequate health care resources in terms of hospital capacity and personnel and personal protective equipment, service lines such as adult reconstruction and lower limb arthroplasty have stopped or substantially limited elective surgeries and have been forced to re-engineer care processes for a high volume of patients. Herein, we summarize the similar approaches by two arthroplasty divisions in high-volume academic referral centers in (1) the cessation of elective surgeries, (2) workforce restructuring, (3) phased delivery of outpatient and inpatient care, and (4) educational restructuring."}, {"pmid": 32419706, "pmcid": "PMC7225713", "title": "[FLASH CARD Lung Ultrasound and COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Segura-Grau, Elena"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419706", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305269, "pmcid": "PMC7152921", "title": "Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19): A case series of early suspected cases reported and the implications towards the response to the pandemic in Zimbabwe.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Makurumidze, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305269", "countries": ["Zimbabwe"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Zimbabwe is among the countries that have been identified to be at risk of the COVID-19 pandemic. As of the 15th of March 2020, there was no confirmed case of the virus. Official reports of suspected cases were used to appraise the general screening, case management, and the emergency preparedness and response of the country towards the COVID-19 pandemic. In terms of the surveillance and capacity to screen at the ports of entry, the country seems to be faring well. The country might not be screening optimally, considering the number of COVID-19 tests conducted to date and the suspected cases who missed testing. Three of the suspected cases faced mental, social, and psychological consequences due to them being suspected cases of COVID-19. There is a need to enhance the screening process and infrastructure at all the ports of entry. More COVID-19 diagnostic tests should be procured to increase the testing capacity. Training and awareness on mental, social, and psychological consequences of COVID-19 should be offered to the health care workers and the general public. More financial resources should be sourced to enable the country control the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32051073, "title": "[Recommendation for the diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus infection in children in Hubei (Trial version 1)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32051073", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a cluster of patients have been diagnosed to be infected with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China. The epidemic has been spreading to other areas of the country and abroad. A few cases have progressed rapidly to acute respiratory distress syndrome and/or multiple organ function failure. The epidemiological survey has indicated that the general population is susceptible to 2019-nCoV. A total of 14 children (6 months to 14 years of age, including 5 cases in Wuhan) have been confirmed to be infected with 2019-nCoV in China so far. In order to further standardize and enhance the clinical management of 2019-nCoV infection in children, reduce the incidence, and decrease the number of severe cases, we have formulated this diagnosis and treatment recommendation according to the recent information at home and abroad."}, {"pmid": 32421546, "pmcid": "PMC7167578", "title": "Correlation analysis of the severity and clinical prognosis of 32 cases of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Ding, Ming", "Zhang, Qiang", "Li, Qing", "Wu, Ting", "Huang, Ying-Zi"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421546", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223349, "title": "How could artificial intelligence aid in the fight against coronavirus?", "journal": "Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther", "authors": ["Yassine, Hadi M", "Shah, Zubair"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223349", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364930, "title": "Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Bryson, W Jeff"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364930", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215590, "title": "Turbulent Gas Clouds and Respiratory Pathogen Emissions: Potential Implications for Reducing Transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bourouiba, Lydia"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215590", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422382, "pmcid": "PMC7227512", "title": "Doctors in Pakistan denounce opening of mosques for congregational prayers during Ramadan amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Correspondence.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Shah, Syed Ghulam Sarwar"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422382", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451353, "title": "Evidence of protective effect of hydroxychloroquine to prevent COVID-19.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451353", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We would like to share ideas on the report on \"Hydroxychloroquine in Patients with Rheumatic Disease Complicated by COVID-19: Clarifying Target Exposures and the Need for Clinical Trials [1].\"Balevic noted that \"well-designed clinical trials that include patients with rheumatic disease are urgently needed to characterize the efficacy, safety, and target exposures for hydroxychloroquine [1].\""}, {"pmid": 32496254, "title": "Facemasks for prevention of viral respiratory infections in community settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Aggarwal, Nishant", "Dwarakanathan, Vignesh", "Gautam, Nitesh", "Ray, Animesh"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496254", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is paucity of evidence on the effectiveness of facemask use in COVID-19 in community settings. We aimed to estimate the effectiveness of facemask use alone or along with hand hygiene in community settings in reducing the transmission of viral respiratory illness. We searched PubMed and Embase for randomized controlled trials on facemask use in community settings to prevent viral respiratory illnesses published up to April 25, 2020. Two independent reviewers were involved in synthesis of data. Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were done in a standard format from the selected studies. Outcome data for clinically diagnosed or self-reported influenza-like illness (ILI) was recorded from individual studies. Pooled effect size was estimated by random-effects model for \"facemask only versus control\" and \"facemask plus hand hygiene versus control.\" Of the 465 studies from PubMed and 437 studies from Embase identified from our search, 9 studies were included in qualitative synthesis and 8 studies in quantitative synthesis. Risk of bias was assessed as low (n = 4), medium (n = 3), or high (n = 1) risk. Interventions included using a triple-layered mask alone or in combination with hand hygiene. Publication bias was not significant. There was no significant reduction in ILI either with facemask alone (n = 5, pooled effect size: -0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.43-0.10; P = 0.23; I2 = 10.9%) or facemask with handwash (n = 6, pooled effect size: (n=6, pooled effect size: -0.09; 95% CI: -0.58 to 0.40; P = 0.71, I2 = 69.4%). : Existing data pooled from randomized controlled trials do not reveal a reduction in occurrence of ILI with the use of facemask alone in community settings."}, {"pmid": 32286520, "pmcid": "PMC7155393", "title": "How sexual medicine is facing the outbreak of COVID-19: experience of Italian urological community and future perspectives.", "journal": "Int J Impot Res", "authors": ["Cocci, Andrea", "Presicce, Fabrizio", "Russo, Giorgio I", "Cacciamani, Giovanni", "Cimino, Sebastiano", "Minervini, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286520", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399954, "pmcid": "PMC7214847", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and myocardial injury: a role for Nox2?", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Violi, Francesco", "Pastori, Daniele", "Pignatelli, Pasquale", "Cangemi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399954", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be complicated by myocardial injury but at-risk patients as well as mechanism of disease are unclear. We gathered data regarding troponin levels in the so far reported SARS-CoV-2 patients and found a large variability in terms of troponin levels, patients with more severe disease, as those treated by ICU, presenting with higher percentage of troponin elevation. However, lack of prospective studies hampers adequate analysis of risk factors of myocardial damage. Previous study demonstrated that Nox2 is up-regulated in pneumonia and closely associated with troponin elevation suggesting Nox2 activation as mechanism eliciting myocardial damage; data in SARS-CoV-2 are still lacking. We hypothesize that SARS-Cov-2 may induce myocardial injury via Nox2-related ROS production and that analysis and eventually targeting Nox2 may be a novel approach to manage SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32480115, "pmcid": "PMC7259905", "title": "Eating disorders in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Shah, Monica", "Sachdeva, Muskaan", "Johnston, Hariclia"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480115", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32288506, "pmcid": "PMC7140250", "title": "ICER's timelines for assessments extended due to COVID-19.", "journal": "PharmacoEcon Outcomes News", "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288506", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219995, "title": "Safe delivery for pregnancies affected by COVID-19.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Qi, H", "Luo, X", "Zheng, Y", "Zhang, H", "Li, J", "Zou, L", "Feng, L", "Chen, D", "Shi, Y", "Tong, C", "Baker, P N"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219995", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454394, "pmcid": "PMC7231757", "title": "Arterial thrombosis and coronavirus disease 2019 in a patient with cancer.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Nassabein, Rami", "Routy, Bertrand", "Blais, Normand", "Ayoub, Jean-Pierre", "Tehfe, Mustapha"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454394", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203324, "pmcid": "PMC7094919", "title": "COVID-19 and the crisis of national development.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["van Staden, Cobus"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203324", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515382, "title": "Cardiovigilance in COVID 19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Kishor, Kamal", "Marwah, Rishabh", "Anantharaj, Avinash", "Kalra, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515382", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID19 (Corona Virus Disease: pandemic started in 2019) pandemic has created not only a public health problem, but as a clinical challenge as well. To the cardiologist, COVID 19 presents a wide spectrum of possibilities for clinical decision-making intervention and improvement. Cardiac dysfunction has been identified as a risk factor, a prognostic factor, a diagnostic tool, differential diagnosis, a complication of COVID 19, and a side effect of its treatment. Certain cardiotropic drugs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID 19. The risk of transmission of COVID 19 is an occupational hazard which cannot be ignored by cardiologists. This review discusses the need and scope of cardio vigilance in COVID 19 management."}, {"pmid": 32503304, "title": "Increased Risk of COVID-19-Related Deaths among General Practitioners in Italy.", "journal": "Healthcare (Basel)", "authors": ["Modenese, Alberto", "Gobba, Fabriziomaria"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503304", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, data on COVID-19-related death cases among physicians from different medical specialties are incomplete and scattered. In Italy, available data highlight that general practitioners (GPs) are, apparently, the most heavily affected group. Indeed, they currently represent 44.1% of the total COVID-19 related death cases occurred among physicians, whereas they constitute about 15% of the total number of doctors. This high proportion is most likely the consequence of a work-related contagion happening especially during the first weeks of the epidemic, and persisting also in the following weeks, after the national lockdown. There are various reasons for these higher contagion rates: GPs perform a lot of medical examinations daily, usually in close contact with patients. Especially at the beginning of the epidemic, GPs might have had scant information on the specific safety procedures for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission (e.g., there was limited knowledge on the possibility of contagions deriving from asymptomatic patients) and, moreover, the availability of personal protective equipment was insufficient. Furthermore, the risk of infection is highly increased by the virus' characteristics, like its survival for several hours/days on different surfaces and its persistence in the air after an aerosolization process, with possibilities to be transmitted over distances longer than two meters. Following these observations, and considering the high cost in term of GPs' lives, the COVID-19 pandemic will probably revolutionize the approach to patients in general practice. Clear and effective guidelines are absolutely and urgently needed for the refinement of adequate measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections among GPs."}, {"pmid": 32473945, "pmcid": "PMC7256555", "title": "COVID-19, hypercoagulation and what it could mean for patients with psychotic disorders.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Mongan, David", "Cannon, Mary", "Cotter, David R"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473945", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315805, "pmcid": "PMC7166009", "title": "[Breast cancer management during the COVID 19 pandemic: the CNGOF takes action].", "journal": "Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol", "authors": ["Mathelin, Carole", "Nisand, Israel"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315805", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496205, "title": "Why African Americans Are a Potential Target for COVID-19 Infection in the United States (USA).", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Hamidian Jahromi, Alireza", "Hamidianjahromi, Anahid"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496205", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic, significant changes have occurred in the United States as the infection spread reached and passed its exponential phase. A stringent analysis of COVID-19 epidemiologic data requires time and would generally be expected to happen with significant delay after the exponential phase of the disease is over and when the focus of the health care system is diverted away from crisis management. Although much has been said about high-risk groups and the vulnerability of the elderly and patients with underlying comorbidities, the impact of race on the susceptibility of ethnic minorities living in indigent communities has not been discussed in detail worldwide and specifically in the United States. There are currently some data on disparities between African American and Caucasian populations for COVID-19 infection and mortality. While health care authorities are reorganizing resources and infrastructure to provide care for symptomatic COVID-19 patients, they should not shy away from protecting the general public as a whole and specifically the most vulnerable members of society, such as the elderly, ethnic minorities, and people with underlying comorbidities."}, {"pmid": 32325120, "pmcid": "PMC7194686", "title": "The reproductive number R0 of COVID-19 in Peru: An opportunity for effective changes.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Torres-Roman, J Smith", "Kobiak, Ilia Cabos", "Valcarcel, Bryan", "Diaz-Velez, Cristian", "La Vecchia, Carlo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325120", "countries": ["Peru"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241901, "pmcid": "PMC7211057", "title": "Prevention of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission in endoscopy: international recommendations and the need for a gold standard.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Ong, John", "Cross, Gail B", "Dan, Yock Young"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241901", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311759, "pmcid": "PMC7264515", "title": "A process for daily checks when using anaesthetic machines to ventilate the lungs of COVID-19 patients: the 'domino switch' technique.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Greig, P R", "Dixson, T", "McCorkell, S"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311759", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336225, "title": "Recovering from the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Focus on Older Adults.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Morrow-Howell, Nancy", "Galucia, Natalie", "Swinford, Emma"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As we look toward recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, we overview challenges to be minimized, including economic setbacks, health and well-being effects, and highlighted ageism, racism, and classism. We articulate opportunities to be seized, including increased comfort with technology and online platforms; stronger family and intergenerational connections, renewed energy to combat social isolation; more respect for self-care and time management; increased awareness about the importance of advance directives; and, potentially, increased interest across disciplines to work on issues of aging society. Ongoing efforts to improve policies and programs for longer, healthier lives might now be more productive, as we communicate to consumers, public officials, and everyday citizens who may be more aware of what isn't working, what is at stake, and what might be improved."}, {"pmid": 32149037, "pmcid": "PMC7045878", "title": "Early Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 28 Cases of Coronavirus Disease in South Korea.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149037", "countries": ["Thailand", "Korea, Republic of", "Singapore", "Japan", "China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea was reported in January 2020, with 28 confirmed cases reported as of February 14th, 2020. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of all 28 cases were analyzed in response to this disease. The epidemiological characteristics and early clinical features of the 28 patients from Korea with confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed using COVID-19 reporting and surveillance data and the epidemiological investigation reports prepared by the rapid response team. There were 16 patients that entered Korea from foreign countries: Wuhan, China (11 patients), Zhuhai, China, (1 patient), Singapore (2 patients), Japan (1 patient), and Thailand (1 patient). The early symptoms were fever, sore throat, cough or sputum production, chills, and muscle ache. Three patients were asymptomatic, however, 18 developed pneumonia. Of the 28 cases, 16 were index cases imported from abroad, with 10 cases of secondary infection originating in Korea, and the route of transmission still under investigation for 2 patients. The 10 patients with secondary infection were infected from contact with family members or acquaintances of primary patients, and the suspected sites of transmission were mostly at home. COVID-19 in Korea was spread by 16 infected individuals traveling from other countries, leading to second-generation cases. The initial symptoms were mostly minor, but the disease was infectious at this stage, resulting from close contact, particularly at home. Establishing an early detection strategy for COVID-19 is crucial for managing the transmission of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32405104, "pmcid": "PMC7217642", "title": "Africa faces difficult choices in responding to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Divala, Titus", "Burke, Rachael M", "Ndeketa, Latif", "Corbett, Elizabeth L", "MacPherson, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405104", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359943, "pmcid": "PMC7185000", "title": "A cluster of health care workers with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Wei, Xiao-Shan", "Wang, Xiao-Rong", "Zhang, Jian-Chu", "Yang, Wei-Bing", "Ma, Wan-Li", "Yang, Bo-Han", "Jiang, Nan-Chuan", "Gao, Zhan-Cheng", "Shi, Huan-Zhong", "Zhou, Qiong"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359943", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, Hubei, China, spreads across national and international borders. We prospectively collected medical records of 14 health care workers (HCWs) who were infected with SARS-CoV-2, in neurosurgery department of Wuhan Union Hospital, China. Among the 14 HCWs, 12 were conformed cases, the other 2 were suspected cases. Most of them were either exposed to the two index patients or infected coworkers, without knowing they were COVID-19 patients. There were 4 male and 10 female infected HCWs in this cohort, whose mean age was 36 years (SD, 6 years). The main symptoms included myalgia or fatigue (100%), fever (86%) and dry cough (71%). On admission, 79% of infected HCWs showed leucopenia and 43% lymphopenia. Reduced complement C3 could be seen in 57% of the infected HCWs and IL-6 was significantly elevated in 86% of them. The proportion of lymphocytes subsets, concentrations of immunoglobulins, complement C4, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3 were within normal range in these 14 infected HCWs. The most frequent findings on pulmonary computed tomographic images were bilateral multifocal ground-glass opacifications (86%). Human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 pneumonia has occurred among HCWs, and most of these infected HCWs with confirmed COVID-19 are mild cases. Our data suggest that in the epidemic area of COVID-19, stringent and urgent surveillance and infection-control measures should be implemented to protect doctors and nurses from COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32382317, "pmcid": "PMC7203876", "title": "An Extended Statement by the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society President Regarding the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Interv Cardiol", "authors": ["Curzen, Nick"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382317", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496246, "title": "Impact of nonpharmacological interventions on COVID-19 transmission dynamics in India.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Patel, Purvi", "Athotra, Aditya", "Vaisakh, T P", "Dikid, Tanzin", "Jain, Sudhir Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496246", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of May 4, 2020, India has reported 42,836 confirmed cases and 1,389 deaths from COVID-19. India's multipronged response included nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) like intensive case-based surveillance, expanding testing capacity, social distancing, health promotion, and progressive travel restrictions leading to a complete halt of international and domestic movements (lockdown). We studied the impact of NPI on transmission dynamics of COVID-19 epidemic in India and estimated the minimum level of herd immunity required to halt it. We plotted time distribution, estimated basic (R0) and time-dependent effective (Rt) reproduction numbers using software R, and calculated doubling time, the growth rate for confirmed cases from January 30 to May 4, 2020. Herd immunity was estimated using the latest Rtvalue. Time distribution showed a propagated epidemic with subexponential growth. Average growth rate, 21% in the beginning, reduced to 6% after an extended lockdown (May 3). Based on early transmission dynamics, R0was 2.38 (95% confidence interval [CI] =1.79-3.07). Early, unmitigated Rt= 2.51 (95% CI = 2.05-3.14) (March 15) reduced to 1.28 (95% CI = 1.22-1.32) and was 1.83 (95% CI = 1.71-1.93) at the end of lockdown Phase 1 (April 14) and 2 (May 3), respectively. Similarly, average early doubling time (4.3 days) (standard deviation [SD] = 1.86) increased to 5.4 days (SD = 1.03) and 10.9 days (SD = 2.19). Estimated minimum 621 million recoveries are required to halt COVID-19 spread if Rtremains below 2. India's early response, especially stringent lockdown, has slowed COVID-19 epidemic. Increased testing, intensive case-based surveillance and containment efforts, modulated movement restrictions while protecting the vulnerable population, and continuous monitoring of transmission dynamics should be a way forward in the absence of effective treatment, vaccine, and undetermined postinfection immunity."}, {"pmid": 32409515, "title": "The #ASRASpring20 conference was canceled due to COVID-19 but the science survives and thrives.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Gupta, Rajnish K", "Mariano, Edward R", "Narouze, Samer", "Elkassabany, Nabil M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409515", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304973, "pmcid": "PMC7195141", "title": "Evaluation of the lockdowns for the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Italy and Spain after one month follow up.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Tobias, Aurelio"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304973", "countries": ["Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From the end of February, the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Spain has been following the footsteps of that in Italy very closely. We have analyzed the trends of incident cases, deaths, and intensive care unit admissions (ICU) in both countries before and after their respective national lockdowns using an interrupted time-series design. Data was analyzed with quasi-Poisson regression using an interaction model to estimate the change in trends. After the first lockdown, incidence trends were considerably reduced in both countries. However, although the slopes have been flattened for all outcomes, the trends kept rising. During the second lockdown, implementing more restrictive measures for mobility, it has been a change in the trend slopes for both countries in daily incident cases and ICUs. This improvement indicates that the efforts overtaken are being successful in flattening the epidemic curve, and reinforcing the belief that we must hold on."}, {"pmid": 32442941, "title": "[Hydroxychloroquine. Cardiology's viewpoint in times of coronavirus pandemic].", "journal": "Medicina (B Aires)", "authors": ["Zaidel, Ezequiel J", "Wyss Quintana, Fernando S", "Sosa Liprandi, Alvaro", "Mendoza, Ivan", "Marquez, Manlio F", "Nunez, Elaine", "Barbosa, Marcia", "Baranchuk, Adrian"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442941", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a wide number of compounds are under scrutiny regarding their antiviral activity, one of them being hydroxychloroquine. Cardiac aspects of the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are reviewed in this manuscript. A non-systematic review of the medical literature was performed. Information about their safety and efficacy as antimalarials, antivirals, as well as in the long-term treatment of rheumatic diseases was collected. We found an anti-inflammatory effect with reduction of longterm cardiovascular events, a very infrequent heart disease due to a lysosomal effect of the drug, and at the hemodynamic level hypotension, tachycardia, and QT interval prolongation, exacerbated when combined with azithromycin. However, the rate of adverse cardiac events of hydroxychloroquine (and chloroquine) was low."}, {"pmid": 32291208, "pmcid": "PMC7144609", "title": "Clinical and surgical consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for patients with pediatric urological problems: Statement of the EAU guidelines panel for paediatric urology, March 30 2020.", "journal": "J Pediatr Urol", "authors": ["Quaedackers, Josine S L T", "Stein, Raimund", "Bhatt, Nikita", "Dogan, Hasan Serkan", "Hoen, Lisette", "Nijman, Rien J M", "Radmayr, Christian", "Silay, Mesrur Selcuk", "Tekgul, Serdar", "Bogaert, Guy"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291208", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19-pandemic forces hospitals to reorganize into a dual patient flow system. Healthcare professionals are forced to make decisions in patient prioritization throughout specialties. Most pediatric urology pathologies do not require immediate or urgent care, however, delay may compromise future renal function or fertility. Contact with patients and parents, either physical in safe conditions or by (video)telephone must continue. The Paediatric-Urology-Guidelines-panel of the EAU proposes recommendations on prioritization of care. Pediatric-Urology program directors must ensure education, safety and attention for mental health of staff. Upon resumption of care, adequate prioritization must ensure minimal impact on outcome."}, {"pmid": 32118391, "title": "[Cause analysis and treatment strategies of \"recurrence\" with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) patients after discharge from hospital].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhou, L", "Liu, K", "Liu, H G"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118391", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With a large number of COVID-19 patients discharging from hospital, some had showed re-fever and positive nucleic acid test after discharge from hospital. This might be due to the biological characteristics of 2019-nCoV, and might also be related to the basic disease, clinical status, glucocorticoid using, sample sampling, processing and detecting of patients, and some even related to the re-infection or secondary bacterial virus infection. Therefore, we suggest that in view of this phenomenon, further stratified management of discharge from hospital should be carried out on the basis of guidelines, especially for patients with advanced age, underlying diseases or severe or critical pneumonia. For those patients who can't completely deoxygenate for a long time after hospitalization, individualized treatment methods and different discharge evaluation criteria should be adopted to ensure the complete cure of patients and prevent recurrencing after discharge from hospital."}, {"pmid": 32394467, "pmcid": "PMC7273044", "title": "A global treatments for coronaviruses including COVID-19.", "journal": "J Cell Physiol", "authors": ["Yousefi, Bahman", "Valizadeh, Saeid", "Ghaffari, Hadi", "Vahedi, Azadeh", "Karbalaei, Mohsen", "Eslami, Majid"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394467", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, several patients with viral pneumonia were identified as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). So far, there are no specific treatments for patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), and the treatments available today are based on previous experience with similar viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Influenza virus. In this article, we have tried to reach a therapeutic window of drugs available to patients with COVID-19. Cathepsin L is required for entry of the 2019-nCoV virus into the cell as target teicoplanin inhibits virus replication. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 (ACE2) in soluble form as a recombinant protein can prevent the spread of coronavirus by restricting binding and entry. In patients with COVID-19, hydroxychloroquine decreases the inflammatory response and cytokine storm, but overdose causes toxicity and mortality. Neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir, peramivir, and zanamivir are invalid for 2019-nCoV and are not recommended for treatment but protease inhibitors such as lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) inhibit the progression of MERS-CoV disease and can be useful for patients of COVID-19 and, in combination with Arbidol, has a direct antiviral effect on early replication of SARS-CoV. Ribavirin reduces hemoglobin concentrations in respiratory patients, and remdesivir improves respiratory symptoms. Use of ribavirin in combination with LPV/r in patients with SARS-CoV reduces acute respiratory distress syndrome and mortality, which has a significant protective effect with the addition of corticosteroids. Favipiravir increases clinical recovery and reduces respiratory problems and has a stronger antiviral effect than LPV/r. currently, appropriate treatment for patients with COVID-19 is an ACE2 inhibitor and a clinical problem reducing agent such as favipiravir in addition to hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids."}, {"pmid": 32513453, "title": "Defending the front lines during the COVID-19 pandemic: Protecting our first responders and emergency medical service personnel.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ehrlich, Haley", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513453", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32114054, "pmcid": "PMC7134413", "title": "COVID-19 in medical personnel: observation from Thailand.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Joob, B", "Wiwanitkit, V"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114054", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513036, "title": "Disparate Nasopharyngeal and Tracheal COVID-19 Diagnostic Test Results in a Patient With a Total Laryngectomy.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Patel, Tirth R", "Teitcher, Joshua E", "Tajudeen, Bobby A", "Revenaugh, Peter C"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513036", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319444, "title": "[Between intensive care and palliative care at the time of CoViD-19.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Romano, Massimo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319444", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic infection caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 has determined a severe imbalance between demand and actual supply of intensive care. The shortage of intensive care units (ICU) beds and ventilators for the treatment of patients with severe respiratory failure produced angst in the clinicians/intensivists who have to decide which patients admit to ICU and in which patients to implement palliative care. They have to apply specific clinical and ethical criteria, in emergency conditions. Proportionality and appropriateness criteria should be integrated with equity, equality, utility criteria, widening the distributive justice concept from the right of the patient to receive all available therapies to a right resources allocation during shortage, guided by public health ethic. The clinical criteria should include the disease severity, the number and severity of comorbidities, frailty, the organ failures and their stage, the patient's age, the functional autonomy and cognitive status. Consequently the first come-first served rule to ICU admission should not be applied. The patients not admitted to ICU due to clinical reasons and advanced stage diseases should receive a high quality palliative care, to obtain a good symptoms control (mainly dyspnea, anxiety and delirium) and to implement palliative sedation at the end of life. Finally particular attention should be paid to the bereavement management of the family/caregivers and in the right approach of psychological problems and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder of health workers involved in the pandemia."}, {"pmid": 32460458, "title": "In vitro activity of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at concentrations achievable by usual doses.", "journal": "Korean J Intern Med", "authors": ["Kang, Chang Kyung", "Seong, Moon-Woo", "Choi, Su-Jin", "Kim, Taek Soo", "Choe, Pyoeng Gyun", "Song, Sang Hoon", "Kim, Nam-Joong", "Park, Wan Beom", "Oh, Myoung-Don"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460458", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus disease-2019 global pandemic progresses, screening of antiviral agents effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is urgently needed. In addition, considering the viral load kinetics of SARS-CoV-2, which peaks early in the illness, and the massive burden of the disease, which may increase in the near future, identifying well-tolerated oral antivirals becomes increasingly important. We examined the in vitro activity of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine on SARS-CoV-2, at concentrations which can be used to treat coronavirus-19 patients with little concern of toxicity. Lopinavir/ritonavir (7/1.75 \u03bcg/mL), hydroxychloroquine base (1 or 2 \u03bcg/mL), or a combination thereof were administered 1 hour after the inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 to Vero cells at a multiplicity of infection of 0.05. We examined cytopathic effects of virus 48 hours after administration of the respective treatments and measured viral loads at three time points (0, 24, and 48 hours post-treatment) by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and compared the results obtained from the different antiviral regimens tested. The severity of cytopathic effects was lower in lopinavir/ritonavir-treated cells, and viral load was significantly reduced in this group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). However, hydroxychloroquine did not show significant inhibitory effects on anti-SARS-CoV-2-mediated cytotoxicity or on viral load at either concentration. Lopinavir/ritonavir showed significant inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 in vitro at its usual plasma concentration. However, the in vitro antiviral activity of hydroxychloroquine at concentrations commonly used in humans was minimal, whether used alone or in combination with lopinavir/ritonavir."}, {"pmid": 32445789, "pmcid": "PMC7239011", "title": "Is COVID-19-related Guillain-Barre syndrome different?", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Gupta, Ankit", "Paliwal, Vimal Kumar", "Garg, Ravindra Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445789", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387513, "pmcid": "PMC7201218", "title": "Addressing potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health of elite athletes.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Mehrsafar, Amir Hossien", "Gazerani, Parisa", "Moghadam Zadeh, Ali", "Jaenes Sanchez, Jose Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387513", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324616, "pmcid": "PMC7253035", "title": "When Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Became Medicine-Life in the Time of Coronavirus Disease of 2019.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Balkaya, Ihsan Y", "Fernandez, Jose A", "Gerguis, Wessam", "Kaner, Mahmut T", "Lamagna, Matthew", "Lekshminarayanan, Anusha", "Meng, He", "Mohar, S M Monir", "Randev, Sonika", "Sanchez, Iliana", "Brahmbhatt, Sumankumar", "Islam, Mohammed", "Frankenthaler, Michael", "Diamond, Paul T", "Altschuler, Eric L"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324616", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516816, "title": "Telehealth Uptake into Prenatal Care and Provider Attitudes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Madden, Nigel", "Emeruwa, Ukachi N", "Friedman, Alexander M", "Aubey, Janice J", "Aziz, Aleha", "Baptiste, Caitlin D", "Coletta, Jaclyn M", "D'Alton, Mary E", "Fuchs, Karin M", "Goffman, Dena", "Gyamfi-Bannerman, Cynthia", "Kondragunta, Sneha", "Krenitsky, Nicole", "Miller, Russell S", "Nhan-Chang, Chia-Ling", "Saint Jean, Ashanda M", "Shukla, Hemangi P", "Simpson, Lynn L", "Spiegel, Erica S", "Yates, Hope S", "Zork, Noelia", "Ona, Samsiya"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516816", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2003This study aimed to (1) determine to what degree prenatal care was able to be transitioned to telehealth at prenatal practices associated with two affiliated hospitals in New York City during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and (2) describe providers' experience with this transition. \u2003Trends in whether prenatal care visits were conducted in-person or via telehealth were analyzed by week for a 5-week period from March 9 to April 12 at Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)-affiliated prenatal practices in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic. Visits were analyzed for maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) and general obstetrical faculty practices, as well as a clinic system serving patients with public insurance. The proportion of visits that were telehealth was analyzed by visit type by week. A survey and semistructured interviews of providers were conducted evaluating resources and obstacles in the uptake of telehealth. \u2003During the study period, there were 4,248 visits, of which approximately one-third were performed by telehealth (n\u2009=\u20091,352, 31.8%). By the fifth week, 56.1% of generalist visits, 61.5% of MFM visits, and 41.5% of clinic visits were performed via telehealth. A total of 36 providers completed the survey and 11 were interviewed. Accessing technology and performing visits, documentation, and follow-up using the telehealth electronic medical record were all viewed favorably by providers. In transitioning to telehealth, operational challenges were more significant for health clinics than for MFM and generalist faculty practices with patients receiving public insurance experiencing greater difficulties and barriers to care. Additional resources on the patient and operational level were required to optimize attendance at in-person and video visits for clinic patients. \u2003Telehealth was rapidly implemented in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic and was viewed favorably by providers. Limited barriers to care were observed for practices serving patients with commercial insurance. However, to optimize access for patients with Medicaid, additional patient-level and operational supports were required. \u00b7 Telehealth uptake differed based on insurance.. \u00b7 Medicaid patients may require increased assistance for telehealth.. \u00b7 Quick adoption of telehealth is feasible.."}, {"pmid": 32304386, "pmcid": "PMC7188067", "title": "Managing a Specialty Service During the COVID-19 Crisis: Lessons From a New York City Health System.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Ammar, Adam", "Stock, Ariel D", "Holland, Ryan", "Gelfand, Yaroslav", "Altschul, David"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304386", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has stretched health care resources to a point of crisis throughout the world. To answer the call for care, health care workers in a diverse range of specialties are being retasked to care for patients with COVID-19. Consequently, specialty services have had to adapt to decreased staff available for coverage coupled with a need to remain available for specialty-specific emergencies, which now require a dynamic definition. In this Invited Commentary, the authors describe their experiences and share lessons learned regarding triage of patients, staff safety, workforce management, and the psychological impact as they have adapted to a new reality in the Department of Neurosurgery at Montefiore Medical Center, a COVID-19 hotspot in New York City."}, {"pmid": 32350859, "pmcid": "PMC7235491", "title": "Redundancy in reporting on COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Papes, Dino", "Ozimec, Elizabeta"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350859", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221974, "title": "Practical considerations in the anaesthetic management of patients during a COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Ong, S", "Khee, T T"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221974", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425490, "pmcid": "PMC7231732", "title": "[Emotional management of the health crisis by coronavirus: A narrative review].", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Brito-Brito, Pedro Ruyman", "Fernandez-Gutierrez, Domingo Angel", "Cuellar-Pompa, Leticia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To make a synthesis of the available scientific evidence in the emotional management of the declared health crisis in the face of coronavirus. A bibliographic search was made, without date limit, in Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science databases using the following keywords: \"emotional management\"; \"health crisis\" and \"health crisis response\". Initially; 73 studies were identified and; after selecting them according to eligibility criteria; 10 were included. The main recommendations based on the available evidence indicate emotional management measures such as offering support groups to professionals, ensuring their social non-discrimination, strengthening their confidence and control capacity through training actions, as well as reinforcing the recognition of nurses by the community. The accumulated evidence comes from experience with previous outbreaks of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. Stress was the most studied aspect, concerning issues such as social stigma, professionalism, intention to care, burnout, ethical conflicts, anxiety, depression or guilt. The emotional management of health crises in the face of the coronavirus requires an individual, collective, social and institutional strategy to reinforce security on all fronts and reduce fear through effective control measures using sufficient and adequate material and human resources."}, {"pmid": 32220180, "title": "[Oral Health Management of Children during the Epidemic Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019].", "journal": "Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Wang, Yan", "Zhou, Chen-Chen", "Shu, Rui", "Zou, Jing"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220180", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is becoming a major public health event affecting China and even the whole world. During the epidemic period of corona virus disease, appropriate oral health management and disease prevention of children is very important for children's oral and general health. In order to prevent the occurrence of cross-infection and epidemic spreading of COVID-19 during dental practice, the recommendations to parents include: not only training children to maintain hand hygiene at home, exercise appropriately, strengthen physical resistance, but also helping children develop good oral and diet habit such as effective brushing and flossing to avoid oral diseases and emergency. If non-emergency oral situation occur, parents could assist their child to take home based care such as rinsing to relieve the symptoms. When oral emergencies such as acute pulpitis, periapical periodontitis, dental trauma, oral and maxillofacial infections happen, parents and children should visit dental clinic in time with correct personal protection. During the epidemic period, children's oral emergencies should be treated in accordance with current guidelines and control of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32467095, "title": "Covid-19: WHO halts hydroxychloroquine trial to review links with increased mortality risk.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467095", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368792, "pmcid": "PMC7267399", "title": "Potential therapeutic targets and promising drugs for combating SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Zhou, Hong", "Fang, Yan", "Xu, Tao", "Ni, Wei-Jian", "Shen, Ai-Zong", "Meng, Xiao-Ming"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368792", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 9, 2020, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) had caused 89,931 deaths and 1,503,900 confirmed cases worldwide, which indicates an increasingly severe and uncontrollable situation. Initially, little was known about the virus. As research continues, we now know the genome structure, epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. Based on this knowledge, potential targets involved in the processes of virus pathogenesis need to be identified, and the discovery or development of drugs based on these potential targets is the most pressing need. Here, we have summarized the potential therapeutic targets involved in virus pathogenesis and discuss the advances, possibilities, and significance of drugs based on these targets for treating SARS-CoV-2. This review will facilitate the identification of potential targets and provide clues for drug development that can be translated into clinical applications for combating SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32274774, "title": "[Obstetric Anesthesia During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic - a Brief Overview of Published Recommendations for Action by National and International Specialist Societies and Committees].", "journal": "Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther", "authors": ["Kranke, Peter", "Weibel, Stephanie", "Sitter, Magdalena", "Meybohm, Patrick", "Girard, Thierry"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274774", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The most common human corona viruses cause common colds. But three of these viruses cause more serious, acute diseases; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS by MERS-CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) by SARS-CoV and COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2. The current outbreak was classified by the WHO as a \"global public health emergency\". Despite all efforts to reduce the surgical lists and to cancel or postpone non-time-critical surgical interventions, some surgical and anesthetic interventions outside of intensive care medicine are still necessary and must be performed. This is particularly true for obstetric interventions and neuraxial labor analgesia. Workload in the delivery room is presumably not going to decrease and planned cesarean sections cannot be postponed. In the meantime, the clinical course and outcome of some COVID-19 patients with an existing pregnancy or peripartum courses have been reported. There are already numerous recommendations from national and international bodies regarding the care of such patients. Some of these recommendations will be summarized in this manuscript. The selection of aspects should by no means be seen as a form of prioritization. The general treatment principles in dealing with COVID-19 patients and the recommendations for action in intensive care therapy also apply to pregnant and postpartum patients. In this respect, there are naturally considerable redundancies and only a few aspects apply strictly or exclusively to the cohort of obstetric patients. In summary, at present it must be stated that the general care recommendations that also apply to non-COVID-19 patients are initially valid with regard to obstetric anesthesia. Nevertheless, the special requirements on the part of hygiene and infection protection result in special circumstances that should be taken into account when caring for pregnant patients from an anesthetic point of view. These relate to both medical aspects, but also to a particular extent logistics issues with regard to spatial separation, staffing and material resources."}, {"pmid": 32496625, "title": "Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a reply.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Cook, T M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496625", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435829, "pmcid": "PMC7239350", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak: Infection Control and Management Protocol for Vascular and Interventional Radiology Departments-Consensus Document.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["De Gregorio, Miguel A", "Guirola, Jose A", "Magallanes, Mariano", "Palmero, Julio", "Pulido, Juan M", "Blazquez, Javier", "Cobos, Jorge", "Abadal, Jose M", "Mendez, Santiago", "Perez-Lafuente, Mercedes", "Piquero Micheto, Maria C", "Gregorio, Abel", "Lonjedo, Elena", "Moreno, Teresa", "Pulpeiro, Jose R", "Sampere, Jaume", "Esteban, Enrique", "Munoz, Jose J", "Bosch, Jordi", "Alvarez-Arranz, Enrique", "Gonzalez, Jimena", "Gelabert, Arantxa", "Urbano, Jose"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435829", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 virus) pandemic was recently declared by the WHO as a global health emergency. A group of interventional radiology senior experts developed a consensus document for infection control and management of patients with COVID-19 in interventional radiology (IR) departments. This consensus statement has been brought together at short notice with the help of different protocols developed by governmental entities and scientific societies to be adapted to the current reality and needs of IR Departments. Recommendations are the specific strategies to follow in IR departments, preventive measures and regulations, step by step for donning and doffing personal protective equipment, specific IR procedures which can not be delayed, and aerosol-generating procedures in IR with COVID-19 patients. It is advisable with this document to be adapted to local workplace policies."}, {"pmid": 32434820, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Mendel, Arielle", "Bernatsky, Sasha", "Thorne, J Carter", "Lacaille, Diane", "Johnson, Sindhu R", "Vinet, Evelyne"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434820", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310919, "title": "[ANMCO Position paper: Considerations on in-hospital cardiological consultations and cardiology outpatient clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Valente, Serafina", "Colivicchi, Furio", "Caldarola, Pasquale", "Murrone, Adriano", "Di Lenarda, Andrea", "Roncon, Loris", "Amodeo, Enzo", "Aspromonte, Nadia", "Cipriani, Manlio Gianni", "Domenicucci, Stefano", "Francese, Giuseppina Maura", "Imazio, Massimo", "Scotto Di Uccio, Fortunato", "Urbinati, Stefano", "Gulizia, Michele Massimo", "Gabrielli, Domenico"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310919", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513639, "title": "COVID-19 The Great Disruptor.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Nikkhah, Mr Dariush"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513639", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337825, "pmcid": "PMC7267290", "title": "High-immunological risk living donor renal transplant during the COVID-19 outbreak: Uncertainties and ethical dilemmas.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Ho, Quan Yao", "Chung, Shimin J", "Gan, Valerie H L", "Ng, Lay Guat", "Tan, Ban Hock", "Kee, Terence Y S"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337825", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379320, "pmcid": "PMC7239096", "title": "Letter: Approaches to Mitigate Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Neurosurgical Residency Application Cycle.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Harary, Maya", "Bergsneider, Marvin"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379320", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232420, "title": "Medical Student Education in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rose, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232420", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458125, "pmcid": "PMC7249986", "title": "A retrospective study of the initial 25 COVID-19 patients in Luoyang, China.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Duan, Xiaopei", "Guo, Xinyu", "Qiang, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458125", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To summarize the chest CT imaging and clinical features of the initial COVID-19 patients and provide a clinical diagnostic method that is more effective and can be performed earlier. This retrospective study investigated the clinical, laboratory and imaging information of 25 patients in the Luoyang area. There were 15 (60%) male and 10 (40%) female patients ranging from 24 to 88\u00a0years old (52\u2009\u00b1\u200919.30). Data were analyzed by Microsoft Excel and are expressed as the mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation or percentage. Thirteen (52%) patients had been in Wuhan or were in contact with people who had been in Wuhan, and ten (40%) patients were infected by their families or colleagues. The median time from initial symptoms to diagnosis was 7\u00a0days. Ninety-two percent of patients had respiratory symptoms, and 8% of them had digestive symptoms. Fever (92%), cough (60%) and fatigue (56%) were the most common symptoms. Most patients had a normal or reduced WBC (96%), reduced lymphocyte count (60%), increased CRP (48%) and increased ESR (44%). Ground glass opacity (GGO) was the typical radiological finding on chest CT. Characteristic chest CT imaging features could appear earlier than the viral nucleic acid assay results."}, {"pmid": 32353346, "pmcid": "PMC7185947", "title": "Estimation of COVID-19 burden in Egypt.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hassany, Mohamed", "Abdel-Razek, Wael", "Asem, Noha", "AbdAllah, Mohamed", "Zaid, Hala"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353346", "countries": ["Egypt"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426312, "pmcid": "PMC7203555", "title": "The Impact of the Current SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Neonatal Care.", "journal": "Front Pediatr", "authors": ["Arnaez, Juan", "Montes, Maria Teresa", "Herranz-Rubia, Nuria", "Garcia-Alix, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426312", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404473, "title": "Towards effective diagnostic assays for COVID-19: a review.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Venter, Marietjie", "Richter, Karin"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404473", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Countries globally are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with nearly two\u2009million cases and 120 000 deaths occurring within 4 months of the discovery of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in December 2019 in China. Accurate diagnoses of cases is key in managing the pandemic by identification, isolation and treatment of patients and defining the epidemiology of the virus. By mid-January 2020, a scientist from China published the full genome of the virus, which facilitated the development of accurate molecular diagnostic assays. By the end of January 2020, the WHO, in collaboration with laboratories in Asia, Europe and the USA, published several real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rtRT-PCR) protocols that allowed identification of cases and development of commercial assays. Clinical investigations facilitated development of accurate case definition and guidance for laboratories on the optimum specimens and procedures for diagnoses. Currently, laboratory-based rtRT-PCR is the recommended test for diagnoses of acute cases to ensure patients can be identified and isolated and to facilitate the public health response. However, due to delays in diagnoses, severe shortage of tests and laboratory capacity, point-of-care molecular or antigen tests are becoming more attractive. Although serological tests are not suitable for diagnoses of acute cases, they are important to define epidemiological questions, including attack rate in the population, and to identify immune individuals. This review aimed to summarise the current available information for diagnoses of cases and to aid laboratories and healthcare workers to select the best assays and procedures."}, {"pmid": 32463290, "title": "[SARS-CoV-2 infection and its relation with the nutritional status].", "journal": "Nutr Hosp", "authors": ["Remon Ruiz, Pablo", "Garcia Luna, Pedro Pablo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463290", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32064854, "title": "[The network investigation on knowledge, attitude and practice about Novel coronavirus pneumonia of the residents in Anhui Province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Y", "Jin, Y L", "Zhu, L J", "Fang, Z M", "Wu, N", "Du, M X", "Jiang, M M", "Wang, J", "Yao, Y S"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32064854", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze the current situation of the knowledge, attitudes and practice about Novelcoronavirus pneumonia (NCP) of the residents in Anhui Province. Methods: Anonymous network sampling survey was carried out with an electronic questionnaire that designed by the questionnaire star, and a total of 4016 subjects from Anhui province were investigated. The content of the survey includes that the basic information of subjects,the residents' knowledge, attitudes and practice about NCP, as well as their satisfaction with the prevention and control measures adopted by the government and health authorities and the suggestions on future prevention. The questionnaire doesn't involve any privacy information, and all questions were mandatory to ensure the response rate. Results: The M (P(25), P(75)) age the 4016 subjects was 21 (19, 24), and the ranging from 7 to 80 years old. The number of males was1431(35.6%). Social networking tools such as WeChat and QQ were the main sources of epidemic information for residents (97.8%, 3 929 respondents). Residents have a high awareness rate of the main symptoms, transmission routes, using of masks, hand washing and treatment information of NCP, while a low awareness rate of the atypical symptoms. 92.6% of the subjects (n=3 720) think that the outbreak was scary. In terms of psychological behavior scores, the results showed that female (9.38\u00b14.81), the urban (9.37\u00b15.02) and the medical workers (10.79\u00b15.19) had a poorer mental health than the male (8.45\u00b15.00) , the rural (8.71\u00b14.75) and the non-medical workers (the students: 8.85\u00b14.83; public institude workers: 9.02\u00b15.08; others: 8.97\u00b15.39) (P < 0.05). 71.9% of the residents (n=2 887)were satisfied with the local epidemic control measures. The residents took various of the measures to prevent and control the epidemic. The ratio of residents that could achieve \"no gathering and less going out\" , \"wear masks when going out\" and \"do not go to crowded and closed places\" was up to 97.4% (n=3 913), 93.6% (n=3758) and 91.5% (n=3 673) respectively. Conclusion: The residents in Anhui province have a good KAP about NCP, yet it is necessary to strengthen the community publicity, the mental health maintenance of residents and students' health education."}, {"pmid": 32501143, "title": "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Vulnerable Older Adults in the United States.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Lee, Yeonjung Jane"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501143", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427432, "title": "The Covid-19 Pandemic and the Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Solomon, Matthew D", "McNulty, Edward J", "Rana, Jamal S", "Leong, Thomas K", "Lee, Catherine", "Sung, Sue-Hee", "Ambrosy, Andrew P", "Sidney, Stephen", "Go, Alan S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427432", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396163, "pmcid": "PMC7218676", "title": "Development and Validation of a Clinical Risk Score to Predict the Occurrence of Critical Illness in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Liang, Wenhua", "Liang, Hengrui", "Ou, Limin", "Chen, Binfeng", "Chen, Ailan", "Li, Caichen", "Li, Yimin", "Guan, Weijie", "Sang, Ling", "Lu, Jiatao", "Xu, Yuanda", "Chen, Guoqiang", "Guo, Haiyan", "Guo, Jun", "Chen, Zisheng", "Zhao, Yi", "Li, Shiyue", "Zhang, Nuofu", "Zhong, Nanshan", "He, Jianxing"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396163", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early identification of patients with novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who may develop critical illness is of great importance and may aid in delivering proper treatment and optimizing use of resources. To develop and validate a clinical score at hospital admission for predicting which patients with COVID-19 will develop critical illness based on a nationwide cohort in China. Collaborating with the National Health Commission of China, we established a retrospective cohort of patients with COVID-19 from 575 hospitals in 31 provincial administrative regions as of January 31, 2020. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging variables ascertained at hospital admission were screened using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and logistic regression to construct a predictive risk score (COVID-GRAM). The score provides an estimate of the risk that a hospitalized patient with COVID-19 will develop critical illness. Accuracy of the score was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Data from 4 additional cohorts in China hospitalized with COVID-19 were used to validate the score. Data were analyzed between February 20, 2020 and March 17, 2020. Among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital, critical illness was defined as the composite measure of admission to the intensive care unit, invasive ventilation, or death. The development cohort included 1590 patients. the mean (SD) age of patients in the cohort was 48.9 (15.7) years; 904 (57.3%) were men. The validation cohort included 710 patients with a mean (SD) age of 48.2 (15.2) years, and 382 (53.8%) were men and 172 (24.2%). From 72 potential predictors, 10 variables were independent predictive factors and were included in the risk score: chest radiographic abnormality (OR, 3.39; 95% CI, 2.14-5.38), age (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05), hemoptysis (OR, 4.53; 95% CI, 1.36-15.15), dyspnea (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.18-3.01), unconsciousness (OR, 4.71; 95% CI, 1.39-15.98), number of comorbidities (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.27-2.00), cancer history (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.23-13.43), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10), lactate dehydrogenase (OR, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.001-1.004) and direct bilirubin (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.24). The mean AUC in the development cohort was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.85-0.91) and the AUC in the validation cohort was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.93). The score has been translated into an online risk calculator that is freely available to the public (http://118.126.104.170/). In this study, a risk score based on characteristics of COVID-19 patients at the time of admission to the hospital was developed that may help predict a patient's risk of developing critical illness."}, {"pmid": 32223697, "title": "Response to Wen and Li, Anesthesia Procedure of Emergency Operation for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 (DOI: 10.1089/sur.2020.040).", "journal": "Surg Infect (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Trujillo, Alexander"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223697", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504465, "title": "Letter: A Guide to the Prioritization of Neurosurgical Cases After the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Thomas, Justin G", "Gandhi, Shashank", "White, Timothy G", "Jocelyn, Christian", "Soo, Teck M", "Eisenberg, Mark", "Schulder, Michael", "Narayan, Raj K"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504465", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483006, "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Endoscopic Training.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Kumar, Shria", "Prenner, Stacey", "Kochman, Michael L"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483006", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469045, "title": "Surviving the surge: Evaluation of early impact of COVID-19 on inpatient pharmacy services at a community teaching hospital.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["McConachie, Sean", "Martirosov, Dmitriy", "Wang, Bryan", "Desai, Neha", "Jarjosa, Sabrina", "Hsaiky, Lama"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469045", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented novel challenges to healthcare systems; however, an analysis of the impact of the pandemic on inpatient pharmacy services has not yet been conducted. Results of an observational assessment of operational and clinical pharmacy services at a community teaching hospital during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. Service outcomes of the inpatient pharmacy were evaluated from February 1 to April 8, 2020. Outcomes during the weeks preceding the first COVID-19 admission (February 1 to March 11, 2020) and during the pandemic period (March 12 to April 8, 2020) were compared. Evaluated outcomes included daily order verifications, clinical interventions, and usage of relevant medications. An exploratory statistical analysis was conducted using Student's t test. During the pandemic period, the number of new order verifications decreased from approximately 5,000 orders per day to 3,300 orders per day (P < 0.01), a reduction of 30% during the first 4 weeks of the pandemic compared to the weeks prior. Average daily pharmacokinetic dosing consults were reduced in the pandemic period (from 82 to 67; P < 0.01) compared to the prepandemic period; however, total daily pharmacist interventions did not differ significantly (473 vs 456; P = 0.68). Dispensing of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, enoxaparin, and sedative medications increased substantially during the pandemic period (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). The operational and clinical requirements of an inpatient pharmacy department shifted considerably during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmacy departments must be adaptable in order to continue to provide effective pharmaceutical care during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32292532, "pmcid": "PMC7144852", "title": "[Surgery and the Covid-19 epidemic: some additional precautions].", "authors": ["Canis, Michel", "Bourdel, Nicolas", "Botchorishvili, Revaz"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292532", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414789, "title": "Palliative care in advanced coronavirus disease in intensive care units.", "journal": "BMJ Support Palliat Care", "authors": ["Esmaeili Vardanjani, Ali", "Rafiei, Hossein", "Mohammdi, Mostafa"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414789", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271457, "title": "Mask crisis during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Wang, M-W", "Zhou, M-Y", "Ji, G-H", "Ye, L", "Cheng, Y-R", "Feng, Z-H", "Chen, J"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271457", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. As of February 29, 2020, the National Health Commission of China has reported 79,389 confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 34 provinces. The masks can be used to block respiratory transmission from human to human, and are an effective way to control influenza. It is, therefore, necessary to wear a mask when respiratory infectious diseases are prevalent. China has a population of 1.4 billion. Assuming that two-thirds of the people in China must wear a mask every day, the daily demand for masks will reach 900 million. The Chinese government has taken many measures to solve these problems. Additionally, more measures should be taken to properly dispose of mask garbage. Although the outbreak originated in China, person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed, which means that it can be spread to anywhere in the world if prevention measures fail. The issues regarding face mask shortages and garbage in China, therefore, deserve worldwide attention."}, {"pmid": 32409333, "title": "Covid-19: Exposing frontline NHS staff to dangers by asking them to reuse PPE.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Hadi, Sibte"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409333", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444866, "pmcid": "PMC7244257", "title": "Management of patients with multiple myeloma in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: a consensus paper from the European Myeloma Network (EMN).", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["Terpos, Evangelos", "Engelhardt, Monika", "Cook, Gordon", "Gay, Francesca", "Mateos, Maria-Victoria", "Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Ioannis", "van de Donk, Niels W C J", "Avet-Loiseau, Herve", "Hajek, Roman", "Vangsted, Annette Juul", "Ludwig, Heinz", "Zweegman, Sonja", "Moreau, Philippe", "Einsele, Hermann", "Boccadoro, Mario", "San Miguel, Jesus", "Dimopoulos, Meletios A", "Sonneveld, Pieter"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444866", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) seem to be at increased risk for more severe COVID-19 infection and associated complications due to their immunocompromised state, the older age and comorbidities. The European Myeloma Network has provided an expert consensus statement in order to guide therapeutic decisions in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient education for personal hygiene and social distancing measures, along with treatment individualization, telemedicine and continuous surveillance for early diagnosis of COVID-19 are essential. In countries or local communities where COVID-19 infection is widely spread, MM patients should have a PCR test of nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 before hospital admission, starting a new treatment line, cell apheresis or ASCT in order to avoid ward or community spread and infections. Oral agent-based regimens should be considered, especially for the elderly and frail patients with standard risk disease, whereas de-intensified regimens for dexamethasone, bortezomib, carfilzomib and daratumumab should be used based on patient risk and response. Treatment initiation should not be postponed for patients with end organ damage, myeloma emergencies and aggressive relapses. Autologous (and especially allogeneic) transplantation should be delayed and extended induction should be administered, especially in standard risk patients and those with adequate MM response to induction. Watchful waiting should be considered for standard risk relapsed patients with low tumor burden, and slow biochemical relapses. The conduction of clinical trials should continue with appropriate adaptations to the current circumstances. Patients with MM and symptomatic COVID-19 disease should interrupt anti-myeloma treatment until recovery. For patients with positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, but with no symptoms for COVID-19, a 14-day quarantine should be considered if myeloma-related events allow the delay of treatment. The need for surveillance for drug interactions due to polypharmacy is highlighted. The participation in international COVID-19 cancer registries is greatly encouraged."}, {"pmid": 32503820, "title": "Ocular Manifestations of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): A Critical Review of Current Literature.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Douglas, Konstantinos A A", "Douglas, Vivian Paraskevi", "Moschos, Marilita M"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503820", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in China in the city of Wuhan in December of 2019 and since then more than 5,000,000 people have been infected, with approximately 338,000 deaths worldwide. The virus causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is characterized by fever, myalgia and cough, with severe acute respiratory syndrome being the most fearsome complication. Nevertheless, the vast majority of cases present mild symptoms or none. Central nervous system and cardiovascular manifestations have been reported. The range of ocular manifestations, either as a result of the infection or as a result of the treatment, has not yet been discussed. In this study, a systematic review of current literature relevant to COVID-19 was performed with focus on modes of transmission, ocular manifestations related to infection and medications, as well as the control of infection in ophthalmic practice."}, {"pmid": 32255497, "title": "COVID-19 and Iran: swimming with hands tied!", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Gharebaghi, Reza", "Heidary, Fatemeh"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255497", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487436, "pmcid": "PMC7258835", "title": "ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance on clinical nutrition in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Tan, Shanjun", "Wu, Guohao"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487436", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275082, "pmcid": "PMC7262346", "title": "Conjunctiva is not a preferred gateway of entry for SARS-CoV-2 to infect respiratory tract.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Zhe", "Sun, Chuan-Bin"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275082", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371541, "pmcid": "PMC7253223", "title": "Covid-19 pandemic containment: following the example of military submariners.", "journal": "BMJ Mil Health", "authors": ["Bouillon-Minois, Jean-Baptiste", "Trousselard, M", "Dutheil, F"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371541", "topics": ["General Info", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371810, "pmcid": "PMC7236845", "title": "Comment on 'Can angiotensin receptor-blocking drugs perhaps be harmful in the COVID-19 pandemic?'", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Cure, Erkan", "Cumhur Cure, Medine"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371810", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32087623, "title": "[Comparison of the clinical characteristics between RNA positive and negative patients clinically diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Y Y", "Wang, W N", "Lei, Y", "Zhang, B", "Yang, J", "Hu, J W", "Ren, Y L", "Lu, Q F"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087623", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To raise awareness about 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) and reduce missed diagnosis rate and misdiagnosis rate by comparing the clinical characteristics between RNA positive and negative patients clinically diagnosed with NCP. Methods: From January 2020 to February 2020, 54 patients who were newly diagnosed with NCP in Wuhan Fourth Hospital were included in this study. RT-PCR method was used to measure the level of 2019-nCov RNA in pharyngeal swab samples of these patients. The patients were divided into RNA positive and negative group, and the differences of clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics were compared. Results: There were 31 RNA of 2019-nCov positive cases, and 23 negative cases. Common clinical symptoms of two groups were fever (80.64% vs. 86.96%) , chills (61.29% vs. 52.17%) , cough (80.64% vs. 95.65%) , fatigue (61.30% vs. 56.52%) , chest distress (77.42% vs.73.91%) . Some other symptoms were headache, myalgia, dyspnea, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. The laboratory and radiological characteristics of two groups mainly were lymphopenia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, increased C-reactive protein, increased lactate dehydrogenase, decreased oxygenation index, normal white blood cell count and bilateral chest CT involvement. There was no statistically significant difference in other clinical characteristics except for dyspnea between two groups. Conclusions: RNA positive and negative NCP patients shared similar clinical symptoms, while RNA positive NCP patients tended to have dyspnea. Therefore, we should improve the understanding of NCP to prevent missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis; In addition, more rapid and accurate NCP diagnostic approaches should be further developed."}, {"pmid": 32479914, "pmcid": "PMC7260487", "title": "Management strategies and role of telemedicine in a surgery unit during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Palomba, Giuseppe", "Dinuzzi, Vincenza Paola", "De Palma, Giovanni Domenico", "Aprea, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479914", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220208, "pmcid": "PMC7121761", "title": "Epidemiology of Covid-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility in King County, Washington.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["McMichael, Temet M", "Currie, Dustin W", "Clark, Shauna", "Pogosjans, Sargis", "Kay, Meagan", "Schwartz, Noah G", "Lewis, James", "Baer, Atar", "Kawakami, Vance", "Lukoff, Margaret D", "Ferro, Jessica", "Brostrom-Smith, Claire", "Rea, Thomas D", "Sayre, Michael R", "Riedo, Francis X", "Russell, Denny", "Hiatt, Brian", "Montgomery, Patricia", "Rao, Agam K", "Chow, Eric J", "Tobolowsky, Farrell", "Hughes, Michael J", "Bardossy, Ana C", "Oakley, Lisa P", "Jacobs, Jesica R", "Stone, Nimalie D", "Reddy, Sujan C", "Jernigan, John A", "Honein, Margaret A", "Clark, Thomas A", "Duchin, Jeffrey S"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220208", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Long-term care facilities are high-risk settings for severe outcomes from outbreaks of Covid-19, owing to both the advanced age and frequent chronic underlying health conditions of the residents and the movement of health care personnel among facilities in a region. After identification on February 28, 2020, of a confirmed case of Covid-19 in a skilled nursing facility in King County, Washington, Public Health-Seattle and King County, aided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, launched a case investigation, contact tracing, quarantine of exposed persons, isolation of confirmed and suspected cases, and on-site enhancement of infection prevention and control. As of March 18, a total of 167 confirmed cases of Covid-19 affecting 101 residents, 50 health care personnel, and 16 visitors were found to be epidemiologically linked to the facility. Most cases among residents included respiratory illness consistent with Covid-19; however, in 7 residents no symptoms were documented. Hospitalization rates for facility residents, visitors, and staff were 54.5%, 50.0%, and 6.0%, respectively. The case fatality rate for residents was 33.7% (34 of 101). As of March 18, a total of 30 long-term care facilities with at least one confirmed case of Covid-19 had been identified in King County. In the context of rapidly escalating Covid-19 outbreaks, proactive steps by long-term care facilities to identify and exclude potentially infected staff and visitors, actively monitor for potentially infected patients, and implement appropriate infection prevention and control measures are needed to prevent the introduction of Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32369009, "pmcid": "PMC7197963", "title": "Clinical pearls to managing men's health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can Urol Assoc J", "authors": ["Witherspoon, Luke", "Fitzpatrick, Ryan", "Patel, Premal", "Flannigan, Ryan", "Roberts, Matthew T", "Krakowsky, Yonah", "Campbell, Jeffrey D", "Grantmyre, John", "Brock, Gerald B", "Goldenberg, S Larry", "Jarvi, Keith A"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369009", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402910, "pmcid": "PMC7204718", "title": "Possible environmental effects on the spread of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Xu, Hao", "Yan, Chonghuai", "Fu, Qingyan", "Xiao, Kai", "Yu, Yamei", "Han, Deming", "Wang, Wenhua", "Cheng, Jinping"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402910", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus, designated as SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China and was identified as the causal pathogen of COVID-19. The epidemic scale of COVID-19 has increased dramatically, with confirmed cases increasing across China and globally. Understanding the potential affecting factors involved in COVID-19 transmission will be of great significance in containing the spread of the epidemic. Environmental and meteorological factors might impact the occurrence of COVID-19, as these have been linked to various diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), whose causative pathogens belong to the same virus family as SARS-CoV-2. We collected daily data of COVID-19 confirmed cases, air quality and meteorological variables of 33 locations in China for the outbreak period of 29 January 2020 to 15 February 2020. The association between air quality index (AQI) and confirmed cases was estimated through a Poisson regression model, and the effects of temperature and humidity on the AQI-confirmed cases association were analyzed. The results show that the effect of AQI on confirmed cases associated with an increase in each unit of AQI was statistically significant in several cities. The lag effect of AQI on the confirmed cases was statistically significant on lag day 1 (relative risk (RR)\u00a0=\u00a01.0009, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0004, 1.0013), day 2 (RR\u00a0=\u00a01.0007, 95% CI: 1.0003, 1.0012) and day 3 (RR\u00a0=\u00a01.0008, 95% CI: 1.0003, 1.0012). The AQI effect on the confirmed cases might be stronger in the temperature range of 10\u00a0\u00b0C\u00a0\u2264\u00a0T\u00a0<\u00a020\u00a0\u00b0C than in other temperature ranges, while the RR of COVID-19 transmission associated with AQI was higher in the relative humidity (RH) range of 10%\u00a0\u2264\u00a0RH\u00a0<\u00a020%. Results may suggest an enhanced impact of AQI on the COVID-19 spread under low RH."}, {"pmid": 32437729, "pmcid": "PMC7206418", "title": "Late STEMI and NSTEMI Patients' Emergency Calling in COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Trabattoni, Daniela", "Montorsi, Piero", "Merlino, Luca"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437729", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360932, "pmcid": "PMC7252010", "title": "Telephonic triage before surgical ward admission and telemedicine during COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Effective and easy procedures to reduce in-hospital positivity.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Tolone, Salvatore", "Gambardella, Claudio", "Brusciano, Luigi", "Del Genio, Gianmattia", "Lucido, Francesco Saverio", "Docimo, Ludovico"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360932", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253771, "pmcid": "PMC7262106", "title": "Daily medical education for confined students during COVID-19 pandemic: A simple videoconference solution.", "journal": "Clin Anat", "authors": ["Moszkowicz, David", "Duboc, Henri", "Dubertret, Caroline", "Roux, Damien", "Bretagnol, Frederic"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253771", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has recently spread globally and is now a pandemic. As a result, university hospitals have had to take unprecedented measures of containment, including asking nonessential staff to stay at home. Medical students practicing in the surgical departments find themselves idle, as nonurgent surgical activity has been canceled, until further notice. Likewise, universities are closed and medical training for students is likely to suffer if teachers do not implement urgent measures to provide continuing education. Thus, we sought to set up a daily medical education procedure for surgical students confined to their homes. We report a simple and free teaching method intended to compensate for the disappearance of daily lessons performed in the surgery department using the Google Hangouts application. This video conference method can be applied to clinical as well as anatomy lessons."}, {"pmid": 32276051, "pmcid": "PMC7144851", "title": "Development of Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays Targeting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "J Mol Diagn", "authors": ["Park, Gun-Soo", "Ku, Keunbon", "Baek, Seung-Hwa", "Kim, Seong-Jun", "Kim, Seung Il", "Kim, Bum-Tae", "Maeng, Jin-Soo"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276051", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic now has >2,000,000 confirmed cases worldwide. COVID-19 is currently diagnosed using quantitative RT-PCR methods, but the capacity of quantitative RT-PCR methods is limited by their requirement of high-level facilities and instruments. We developed and evaluated reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assays to detect genomic RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus of COVID-19. RT-LAMP assays reported in this study can detect as low as 100 copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Cross-reactivity of RT-LAMP assays to other human coronaviruses was not observed. A colorimetric detection method was adapted for this RT-LAMP assay\u00a0to enable\u00a0higher throughput."}, {"pmid": 32284363, "title": "Acute neurology during the COVID-19 pandemic: Supporting the front line.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Majersik, Jennifer J", "Reddy, Vivek K"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284363", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Neurologists are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in several key ways, including: a reduced ability to admit and accept in transfer critically ill neurologic patients due to census overflow; personal risk of exposure to COVID-19; and potentially redeployment of the acute neurologist workforce towards general medicine to assist our colleagues managing the surge of medical patients. As providers of inpatient and emergency-based acute neurologic care, we have been attempting to locally prepare for and manage the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on 3 key areas: creating an integrated preparation plan that supports hospital measures; building an optimized, flexible, and redundant workforce; and maintaining a high level of neurologic care in our hospital and across our region despite limited transfer capabilities during the pandemic. This final concern is of key relevance in our region where our tertiary hospital supports numerous smaller community hospitals, typically by providing an open door to patient transfers. These hospitals are often in rural or frontier regions and are also affected by COVID-19, so not only are beginning to experience their own bed and clinician shortages,1 but are understandably nervous about what the pandemic means for the availability of traditional support systems for other non-COVID-related diseases."}, {"pmid": 32413892, "title": "Key clinical research priorities for the pediatric community during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Res", "authors": ["Noel, Gary J", "Davis, Jonathan M", "Ramilo, Octavio", "Bradley, John S", "Connor, Edward"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413892", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478558, "title": "Home is not always a haven: The domestic violence crisis amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Kofman, Yasmin B", "Garfin, Dana Rose"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478558", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the associated disease it causes, COVID-19, have caused unprecedented social disruption. Due to sweeping stay-at-home orders across the United States and internationally, many victims and survivors of domestic violence (DV), now forced to be isolated with their abusers, run the risk of new or escalating violence. Numerous advocates, organizations, and service centers anticipated this: Upticks in domestic violence were reported in many regions soon after stay-at-home directives were announced. In this commentary, we delineate some of the recent events leading up to the reported spike in DV; review literature on previously documented disaster-related DV surges; and discuss some of the unique challenges, dilemmas, and risks victims and survivors face during this pandemic. We conclude with recommendations to allocate resources to DV front-liners and utilize existing DV guidelines for disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32306500, "pmcid": "PMC7264654", "title": "Supporting pandemic response using genomics and bioinformatics: A case study on the emergent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Bauer, Denis C", "Tay, Aidan P", "Wilson, Laurence O W", "Reti, Daniel", "Hosking, Cameron", "McAuley, Alexander J", "Pharo, Elizabeth", "Todd, Shawn", "Stevens, Vicky", "Neave, Matthew J", "Tachedjian, Mary", "Drew, Trevor W", "Vasan, Seshadri S"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306500", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pre-clinical responses to fast-moving infectious disease outbreaks heavily depend on choosing the best isolates for animal models that inform diagnostics, vaccines and treatments. Current approaches are driven by practical considerations (e.g. first available virus isolate) rather than a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the virus strain chosen, which can lead to animal models that are not representative of the circulating or emerging clusters. Here, we suggest a combination of epidemiological, experimental and bioinformatic considerations when choosing virus strains for animal model generation. We discuss the currently chosen SARS-CoV-2 strains for international coronavirus disease (COVID-19) models in the context of their phylogeny as well as in a novel alignment-free bioinformatic approach. Unlike phylogenetic trees, which focus on individual shared mutations, this new approach assesses genome-wide co-developing functionalities and hence offers a more fluid view of the 'cloud of variances' that RNA viruses are prone to accumulate. This joint approach concludes that while the current animal models cover the existing viral strains adequately, there is substantial evolutionary activity that is likely not considered by the current models. Based on insights from the non-discrete alignment-free approach and experimental observations, we suggest isolates for future animal models."}, {"pmid": 32378471, "title": "Animal models for emerging coronavirus: progress and new insights.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Yuan, Lunzhi", "Tang, Qiyi", "Cheng, Tong", "Xia, Ningshao"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378471", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergences of coronaviruses have caused a serious global public health problem because their infection in humans caused the severe acute respiratory disease and deaths. The outbreaks of lethal coronaviruses have taken place for three times within recent two decades (SARS-CoV in 2002, MERS-CoV in 2012 and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019). Much more serious than SARS-CoV in 2002, the current SARS-CoV-2 infection has been spreading to more than 213 countries, areas or territories and causing more than two million cases up to date (17 April 2020). Unfortunately, no vaccine and specific anti-coronavirus drugs are available at present time. Current clinical treatment at hand is inadequate to suppress viral replication and inflammation, and reverse organ failure. Intensive research efforts have focused on increasing our understanding of viral biology of SARS-CoV-2, improving antiviral therapy and vaccination strategies. The animal models are important for both the fundamental research and drug discovery of coronavirus. This review aims to summarize the animal models currently available for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and their potential use for the study of SARS-CoV-2. We will discuss the benefits and caveats of these animal models and present critical findings that might guide the fundamental studies and urgent treatment of SARS-CoV-2-caused diseases."}, {"pmid": 32424697, "pmcid": "PMC7232906", "title": "Making transesophageal echocardiography safer during COVID-19: is there a role for probe protective equipment (pPE)?", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lee, Trevor W", "Enns, James"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424697", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344568, "pmcid": "PMC7215906", "title": "RT-qPCR Testing of SARS-CoV-2: A Primer.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Bustin, Stephen A", "Nolan, Tania"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344568", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Testing for the presence of coronavirus is an essential diagnostic tool for monitoring and managing the current COVID-19 pandemic. The only reliable test in current use for testing acute infection targets the genome of SARS-CoV-2, and the most widely used method is quantitative fluorescence-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Despite its ubiquity, there is a significant amount of uncertainty about how this test works, potential throughput and reliability. This has resulted in widespread misrepresentation of the problems faced using this test during the current COVID-19 epidemic. This primer provides simple, straightforward and impartial information about RT-qPCR."}, {"pmid": 32487369, "pmcid": "PMC7253989", "title": "Balancing the need for rapid and rigorous scientific data during early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: A further role for the scientific community.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Rotondi, Mario", "Nieto-Diaz, Manuel", "Magri, Flavia", "Oliviero, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487369", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405603, "pmcid": "PMC7217643", "title": "Manifestations and prognosis of gastrointestinal and liver involvement in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Mao, Ren", "Qiu, Yun", "He, Jin-Shen", "Tan, Jin-Yu", "Li, Xue-Hua", "Liang, Jie", "Shen, Jun", "Zhu, Liang-Ru", "Chen, Yan", "Iacucci, Marietta", "Ng, Siew C", "Ghosh, Subrata", "Chen, Min-Hu"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405603", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The prevalence and prognosis of digestive system involvement, including gastrointestinal symptoms and liver injury, in patients with COVID-19 remains largely unknown. We aimed to quantify the effects of COVID-19 on the digestive system. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published between Jan 1, 2020, and April 4, 2020. The websites of WHO, CDC, and major journals were also searched. We included studies that reported the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 and the prevalence of gastrointestinal findings in infected patients, and excluded preprints, duplicate publications, reviews, editorials, single case reports, studies pertaining to other coronavirus-related illnesses, and small case series (<10 cases). Extracted data included author; date; study design; country; patient demographics; number of participants in severe and non-severe disease groups; prevalence of clinical gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and belching; and digestive system comorbidities including liver disease and gastrointestinal diseases. Raw data from studies were pooled to determine effect estimates. We analysed findings from 35 studies, including 6686 patients with COVID-19, that met inclusion criteria. 29 studies (n=6064) reported gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19 at diagnosis, and the pooled prevalence of digestive system comorbidities was 4% (95% CI 2-5; range 0-15; I2=74%). The pooled prevalence of digestive symptoms was 15% (10-21; range: 2-57; I2=96%) with nausea or vomiting, diarrhoea, and loss of appetite being the three most common symptoms. The pooled prevalence of abnormal liver functions (12 studies, n=1267) was 19% (9-32; range 1-53; I2=96%). Subgroup analysis showed patients with severe COVID-19 had higher rates of gastrointestinal symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 1\u00b760 [95% CI 1\u00b709-2\u00b736]; p=0\u00b70020; I2=44%) and liver injury (2\u00b720 [1\u00b760-3\u00b702]; p<0\u00b700001; I2=36%) compared with those with non-severe disease. Patients in Hubei province, where the initial COVID-19 outbreak occurred, were more likely to present with abnormal liver functions (p<0\u00b70001) compared with those outside of Hubei. Paediatric patients with COVID-19 had a similar prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms to those of adult patients. 10% (95% CI 4-19; range 3-23; I2=97%) of patients presented with gastrointestinal symptoms alone without respiratory features. Patients who presented with gastrointestinal system involvement had delayed diagnosis (standardised mean difference 2\u00b785 [95% CI 0\u00b722-5\u00b748]; p=0\u00b7030; I2=73%). Patients with gastrointestinal involvement had a higher prevalence of complication (OR 2\u00b751 [95% CI 1\u00b762-3\u00b789]; p<0\u00b70001; I2=0%). Our study showed that digestive symptoms and liver injury are not uncommon in patients with COVID-19. Increased attention should be paid to the care of this unique group of patients. None."}, {"pmid": 32389583, "pmcid": "PMC7206423", "title": "Neurosurgical Practice at the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Grasso, Giovanni", "Munakomi, Sunil"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389583", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271454, "title": "Utilizing integrating network pharmacological approaches to investigate the potential mechanism of Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction in treating COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Wang, Y-X", "Ma, J-R", "Wang, S-Q", "Zeng, Y-Q", "Zhou, C-Y", "Ru, Y-H", "Zhang, L", "Lu, Z-G", "Wu, M-H", "Li, H"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271454", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Beginning in December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to 2019-nCoV infection, emerged in Wuhan and spread rapidly throughout China and even worldwide. Employing combined therapy of modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine has been proposed, in which Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction (MXSGD) was recommended as a basic prescription and applied widely in the clinical treatment of COVID-19. We investigated the underlying mechanism of MXSGD in treating COVID-19 utilizing the approaches of integrating network pharmacology. A total of 97 active ingredients of MXSGD were screened out, and 169 targets were predicted. The protein-protein interaction network exhibited hub targets of MXSGD, such as Heat shock protein 90, RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase, Transcription factor AP-1, Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, Cellular tumor antigen p53, Vascular endothelial growth factor A, and Tumour necrosis factor. Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the biological processes altered within the body after taking MXSGD were closely related to the regulation of such processes as the acute inflammatory response, chemokine production, vascular permeability, response to oxygen radicals, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, T cell differentiation involved in the immune response, immunoglobulin secretion, and extracellular matrix disassembly. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the targets of MXSGD were significantly enriched in inflammation-related pathways, immunomodulation-related pathways, and viral infection-related pathways. The therapeutic mechanisms of MXSGD on COVID-19 may primarily involve the following effects: reducing inflammation, suppressing cytokine storm, protecting the pulmonary alveolar-capillary barrier, alleviating pulmonary edema, regulating the immune response, and decreasing fever."}, {"pmid": 32339235, "pmcid": "PMC7197582", "title": "A Quantitative Framework for Modeling COVID-19 Risk During Adjuvant Therapy Using Published Randomized Trials of Glioblastoma in the Elderly.", "journal": "Neuro Oncol", "authors": ["Tabrizi, Shervin", "Trippa, Lorenzo", "Cagney, Daniel", "Tanguturi, Shyam", "Ventz, Steffen", "Fell, Geoffrey", "Wen, Patrick Y", "Alexander, Brian M", "Rahman, Rifaquat"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339235", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, contact with the healthcare system for cancer treatment can increase risk of infection and associated mortality. Treatment recommendations must consider this risk for elderly and vulnerable cancer patients. We re-analyzed trials in elderly glioblastoma (GBM) patients, incorporating COVID-19 risk, in order to provide a quantitative framework for comparing different radiation (RT) fractionation schedules on patient outcomes. We extracted individual patient-level data (IPLD) for 1,321 patients from Kaplan-Meier curves from five randomized trials on treatment of elderly GBM patients including available subanalyses based on MGMT methylation status. We simulated trial data with incorporation of COVID-19 associated mortality risk in several scenarios (low, medium, and high infection and mortality risks). Median overall survival and hazard ratios were calculated for each simulation replicate. Our simulations reveal how COVID-19-associated risks affect survival under different treatment regimens. Hypofractionated RT with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) demonstrated the best outcomes in low and medium risk scenarios. In frail elderly patients, shorter courses of RT are preferable. In patients with methylated MGMT receiving single modality treatment, TMZ-alone treatment approaches may be an option in settings with high COVID-19-associated risk. Incorporation of COVID-19-associated risk models into analysis of randomized trials can help guide clinical decisions during this pandemic. In elderly GBM patients, our results support prioritization of hypofractionated RT and highlight the utility of MGMT methylation status in decision-making in pandemic scenarios. Our quantitative framework can serve as a model for assessing COVID-19 risk associated with treatment across neuro-oncology."}, {"pmid": 32434602, "pmcid": "PMC7272690", "title": "Covid-19, child and adolescent mental health - Croatian (in)experience.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Franic, Tomislav", "Dodig-Curkovic, Katarina"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434602", "countries": ["Croatia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has caused unseen socio-economic changes all over the world, where enormous efforts are being made to preserve lives and maintain functional health systems. A secondary concern is to mitigate the severe economic consequences of the crisis. Different approaches have been adopted with varying outcomes and experiences. But regardless of the different approaches taken, one thing is common for all societies during this pandemic: fear and anxiety. This fear extends from concerns about the present situation, for the health and well-being of family members and loved ones from Covid-19 infection, to fears relating to how long the crisis will last, to the potential economic consequences of the pandemic (perhaps not seen in our lifetimes) and the ultimate fear of future uncertainty. Across the world, health systems are being faced with unprecedented challenges. At their core, these challenges are the same: how to beat Covid-19. Certainly, there are differences in how individual systems are organized and how they address the main issues arising from the pandemic while not forgetting the ongoing healthcare needs of the general population. In this paper, we share some perspectives from Croatia regarding Child and Adolescent Mental Health services (CAMHs) in these extraordinary circumstances. We give our personal insights on deficiencies in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services prior to the arrival of Covid-19, which have contributed to difficulties in mitigating and managing the ongoing crisis."}, {"pmid": 32528149, "title": "Kawasaki disease in a COVID-19-struck region.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Stower, Hannah"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528149", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345002, "title": "Joint Statement of the Korean Society for Preventive Medicine and the Korean Society of Epidemiology on the response to the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345002", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402631, "pmcid": "PMC7180379", "title": "Coronavirus concerns: What do women with gynecologic cancer need to know during the COVID-19 crisis?", "journal": "Gynecol Oncol", "authors": ["Frey, Melissa K", "Blank, Stephanie V"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402631", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523137, "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronavirus pandemic: current situation and implications for Mexico.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Escudero, Xavier", "Guarner, Jeannette", "Galindo-Fraga, Arturo", "Escudero-Salamanca, Mara", "Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A", "Del-Rio, Carlos"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523137", "countries": ["China", "Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is one of the most devastating in this century. It originated in China in December 2019 caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus, and in less than a month it had been classified as an \"International Public Health Emergency\". To date there are nearly 3 million people infected and more than 250,000 deaths caused by the disease worldwide. Initially it affects the respiratory tract with atypical pneumonia and in severe cases it produces systemic inflammation with cytokine storm that can cause rapid deterioration with circulatory and respiratory failure, coagulopathy and a lethality rate of approximately 7%. In Mexico, the first case was detected in February 2020, and to date there are 26,616 confirmed cases and 2,961 deaths throughout the country. The low number of diagnostic tests conducted in our country clearly underestimates the real incidence and impact of the disease. The most affected groups are those with risk factors such as age over 60, presence of hypertension, diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Of the confirmed cases, 15% are healthcare workers. There is no specific treatment or vaccine yet, so it is important to have hygiene, social isolation and personal protection measures. Health, social and economic consequences could have great impact in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32253352, "title": "Preparing a neurology department for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): Early experiences at Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital in New York City.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Waldman, Genna", "Mayeux, Richard", "Claassen, Jan", "Agarwal, Sachin", "Willey, Joshua", "Anderson, Emily", "Punzalan, Patricia", "Lichtcsien, Ryan", "Bell, Michelle", "Przedborski, Serge", "Ulane, Christina", "Roberts, Kirk", "Williams, Olajide", "Lassman, Andrew B", "Lennihan, Laura", "Thakur, Kiran T"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253352", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514608, "title": "Management of pediatric rheumatic patients in Kazakhstan during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Rheumatol Int", "authors": ["Mukusheva, Zaure", "Assylbekova, Maikesh", "Poddighe, Dimitri"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514608", "countries": ["Kazakhstan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448560, "pmcid": "PMC7241312", "title": "Preventing stroke in symptomatic carotid artery disease during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Hellegering, Joyce", "van der Laan, Maarten J", "Heide, Erik-Jan de", "Uyttenboogaart, Maarten", "Zeebregts, Clark J", "Bokkers, Reinoud P H"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448560", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512589, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 Coagulopathy: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Thrombotic Microangiopathy-Either, Neither, or Both.", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Levi, Marcel", "Thachil, Jecko"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512589", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505066, "pmcid": "PMC7245229", "title": "COVID-19: Loss of bridging between innate and adaptive immunity?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Rao, Vishal U S", "Arakeri, Gururaj", "Subash, Anand", "Rao, Jyothsna", "Jadhav, Sachin", "Suhail Sayeed, Mufti", "Rao, Gururaj", "Brennan, Peter A"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505066", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has spread to most countries in the world. However, there are some striking differences in how COVID-19 is behaving in different age groups. While data on COVID-19 is limited, children appear to be less susceptible to severe disease. These unique characteristics may be considered as a potential link to understanding the immune system and response in COVID-19 and lead to an effective cure to the disease. We suggest a possible role of loss of bridging between innate and adaptive immunity in COVID-19 and a potential treatment modality also discussed."}, {"pmid": 32505189, "title": "Team management in critical care units for patients with COVID-19: an experience from Hunan Province, China.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Tang, Li", "Zhao, Xian-Mei", "Yu, Xiao-Yan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505189", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472377, "pmcid": "PMC7258601", "title": "Neurosurgeons and the fight with COVID-19: a position statement from the EANS Individual Membership Committee.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Ganau, Mario", "Netuka, David", "Broekman, Marike", "Zoia, Cesare", "Tsianaka, Eleni", "Schwake, Michael", "Balak, Naci", "Sekhar, Amitendu", "Ridwan, Sami", "Clusmann, Hans"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472377", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376597, "title": "Targeting the inflammatory cascade with anakinra in moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia: case series.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Aouba, Achille", "Baldolli, Aurelie", "Geffray, Loik", "Verdon, Renaud", "Bergot, Emmanuel", "Martin-Silva, Nicolas", "Justet, Aurelien"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376597", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412964, "title": "Recommendations for Faculty and Expected Student Etiquette in an Online Environment During the Global COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.", "journal": "Nurse Educ", "authors": ["D'Alesandro, MaryAnn"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412964", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221514, "pmcid": "PMC7101898", "title": "How behavioural science data helps mitigate the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["Betsch, Cornelia"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221514", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387155, "pmcid": "PMC7190469", "title": "Digital Ischemia in COVID-19 Patients: Case Report.", "journal": "J Hand Surg Am", "authors": ["Schultz, Kathryn", "Wolf, Jennifer Moriatis"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387155", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause an immense burden on the global health care systems, it is crucial to understand the breadth of this disease process. Recent reports identified hypercoagulability in a subset of critically ill patients and extremity ischemia in an even smaller cohort. Because abnormal coagulation parameters and extremity ischemia have been shown to correlate with poor disease prognosis, understanding how to treat these patients is crucial. To better describe the identification and management of this phenomenon, we present 2 cases of critically ill patients with COVID-19 who developed fingertip ischemia while in the intensive care unit."}, {"pmid": 32170027, "title": "Trainees and covid-19: your questions answered.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32170027", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487009, "title": "COVID-19 Emergency Reforms in Massachusetts to Support Behavioral Health Care and Reduce Mortality of People With Serious Mental Illness.", "journal": "Psychiatr Serv", "authors": ["Bartels, Stephen J", "Baggett, Travis P", "Freudenreich, Oliver", "Bird, Bruce L"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487009", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "People with serious mental illness are at disproportionate risk of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality because of high rates of risk factors that directly parallel those related to poor coronavirus outcomes, including smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, along with housing instability, homelessness, food insecurity, and poverty. Community-based behavioral health organizations are also at risk of adverse outcomes because of dramatic declines in revenues and a diminished workforce. The State of Massachusetts has responded to this crisis by rapidly implementing a variety of policy, regulatory, and payment reforms. This column describes some of these reforms, which are designed to enhance remote telehealth delivery of care, ensure access to needed medications and residential care staff, and support the financial livelihood of community-based behavioral health services."}, {"pmid": 32359201, "pmcid": "PMC7267459", "title": "The first, holistic immunological model of COVID-19: Implications for prevention, diagnosis, and public health measures.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Matricardi, Paolo Maria", "Dal Negro, Roberto Walter", "Nisini, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359201", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The natural history of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is extremely variable, ranging from asymptomatic or mild infection, mainly in children, to multi-organ failure, eventually fatal, mainly in the eldest. We propose here the first model explaining how the outcome of first, crucial 10-15\u00a0days after infection, depends on the balance between the cumulative dose of viral exposure and the efficacy of the local innate immune response (natural IgA and IgM antibodies, mannose-binding lectin). If SARS-CoV-2 runs the blockade of this innate immunity and spreads from the upper airways to the alveoli in the early phases of the infections, it can replicate with no local resistance, causing pneumonia and releasing high amounts of antigens. The delayed and strong adaptive immune response (high-affinity IgM and IgG antibodies) that follows, causes severe inflammation and triggers mediator cascades (complement, coagulation, and cytokine storm), leading to complications often requiring intensive therapy and being, in some patients, fatal. Low-moderate physical activity can still be recommended. However, extreme physical activity and oral breathing with hyperventilation during the incubation days and early stages of COVID-19 facilitates re-inhalation and early direct penetration of high numbers of own virus particles in the lower airways and the alveoli, without impacting on the airway's mucosae covered by neutralizing antibodies (\"viral auto-inhalation\" phenomenon). This allows the virus to bypass the efficient immune barrier of the upper airway mucosa in already infected, young, and otherwise healthy athletes. In conclusion, whether the virus or the adaptive immune response reaches the lungs first is a crucial factor deciding the fate of the patient. This \"quantitative and time-/sequence-dependent\" model has several implications for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of COVID-19 at all ages."}, {"pmid": 32408995, "pmcid": "PMC7188649", "title": "Elective Surgery During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic (COVID-19): A Morbimortality Analysis and Recommendations on Patient Prioritisation and Security Measures.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Di Martino, Marcello", "Garcia Septiem, Javier", "Maqueda Gonzalez, Rocio", "Munoz de Nova, Jose Luis", "de la Hoz Rodriguez, Angela", "Correa Bonito, Alba", "Martin-Perez, Elena"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408995", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) has required adaptation by hospitals affected by the pandemic, which has caused a reduction in elective surgical activity. Retrospective study of patients operated on in the previous month and during the peak of the pandemic. We analysed the COVID-19 infection rate, the severity of respiratory infection according to the Brescia respiratory COVID-19 severity scale, the adopted therapeutic measures and the overall postoperative complications. From 17th February to 31st March 2020, there was a progressive decrease in surgical activity, with only 213 patients operated on. This comprised 59 (27.8%) elective operations for oncological diseases, 97 (45.5%) elective operations for benign diseases and 57 (26.7%) as urgent procedures. There was a progressive increase in the rate of infection by COVID-19, with a total of 15 cases (7%). This included 10 patients (16.9%) in the elective group for oncological disease, 1 (1%) in the elective surgery group for benign disease and 4 (7%) in the urgent surgery group (P<.001). Five patients presented with a severe respiratory infection, of which 4 were affected by oncological disease. There were 3 deaths (1.4%), which were all due to the worsening of a respiratory infection. The patients undergoing the surgical procedures showed high rates of COVID-19 infection and postoperative complications, especially the patients with oncological diseases. Local resumption of surgical activity must be based on the prioritisation of the cases to be operated on, respecting certain premises of security and optimisation of the available resources."}, {"pmid": 32233563, "title": "Effect of delay in diagnosis on transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "Math Biosci Eng", "authors": ["Rong, Xin Miao", "Yang, Liu", "Chu, Hui di", "Fan, Meng"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233563", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan and other cities of China is a growing global concern. Delay in diagnosis and limited hospital resources lead to a rapid spread of COVID-19. In this study, we investigate the effect of delay in diagnosis on the disease transmission with a new formulated dynamic model. Sensitivity analyses and numerical simulations reveal that, improving the proportion of timely diagnosis and shortening the waiting time for diagnosis can not eliminate COVID-19 but can effectively decrease the basic reproduction number, significantly reduce the transmission risk, and effectively prevent the endemic of COVID-19, e.g., shorten the peak time and reduce the peak value of new confirmed cases and new infection, decrease the cumulative number of confirmed cases and total infection. More rigorous prevention measures and better treatment of patients are needed to control its further spread, e.g., increasing available hospital beds, shortening the period from symptom onset to isolation of patients, quarantining and isolating the suspected cases as well as all confirmed patients."}, {"pmid": 32498131, "title": "Pandemic Best Regulatory Practices: An Urgent Need in the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Lumpkin, Murray M", "Lim, John Cw"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498131", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As large numbers of candidate drugs and vaccines for potential use in the Covid-19 pandemic are investigated, medicines regulators globally must now make urgent, informed, contextually risk-based decisions regarding clinical trials and marketing authorizations. They must do this with the flexibility demanded by the pandemic while maintaining their core risk assessment and public safety functions. We lay out the critical role of regulators in the current crisis and offer eight \"pandemic best regulatory practices.\""}, {"pmid": 32267110, "title": "[COVID-19 andcardiovascular diseases].", "journal": "Rev Med Liege", "authors": ["Haeck, G", "Ancion, A", "Marechal, P", "Oury, C", "Lancellotti, P"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267110", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-2019 disease mainly affects the respiratory tract and can progress in severe cases to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure. Patients with prior cardiovascular disease are at higher risk of developing an infection and progressing to a severe form of the disease. Also, due to the growing number of infected cases, it is clear that, in addition to the typical respiratory symptoms caused by the infection, some patients suffer from cardiovascular damage. This condition can, in fact, cause significant myocardial damage, which worsens the disease and affects the prognosis. Based on the results of currently published research, it seems important to discuss the manifestations and characteristics of myocardial damage induced by COVID-19 and its impact on patient prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32315543, "pmcid": "PMC7258648", "title": "An Asymptomatic Patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Jingping", "Du, Yonghao", "Bai, Lu", "Pu, Jiantao", "Jin, Chenwang", "Yang, Jian", "Guo, Youmin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315543", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330291, "pmcid": "PMC7264663", "title": "Diagnostic accuracy of an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies: an Italian experience.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Infantino, Maria", "Grossi, Valentina", "Lari, Barbara", "Bambi, Riccardo", "Perri, Alessandro", "Manneschi, Matteo", "Terenzi, Giovanni", "Liotti, Irene", "Ciotta, Giovanni", "Taddei, Cristina", "Benucci, Maurizio", "Casprini, Patrizia", "Veneziani, Francesca", "Fabbri, Sergio", "Pompetti, Adolfo", "Manfredi, Mariangela"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330291", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading throughout the world. Though molecular diagnostic tests are the gold standard for COVID-19, serological testing is emerging as a potential surveillance tool, in addition to its complementary role in COVID-19 diagnostics. Indubitably quantitative serological testing provides greater advantages than qualitative tests but today there is still little known about serological diagnostics and what the most appropriate role quantitative tests might play. Sixty-one COVID-19 patients and 64 patients from a control group were tested by iFlash1800 CLIA analyzer for anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies IgM and IgG. All COVID-19 patients were hospitalized in San Giovanni di Dio Hospital (Florence, Italy) and had a positive oro/nasopharyngeal swab reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction result. The highest sensitivity with a very good specificity performance was reached at a cutoff value of 10.0\u2009AU/mL for IgM and of 7.1 for IgG antibodies, hence near to the manufacturer's cutoff values of 10\u2009AU/mL for both isotypes. The receiver operating characteristic curves showed area under the curve values of 0.918 and 0.980 for anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies IgM and IgG, respectively. iFlash1800 CLIA analyzer has shown highly accurate results for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies profile and can be considered an excellent tool for COVID-19 diagnostics."}, {"pmid": 32504741, "title": "Does type of immunosupression influence the course of Covid-19 infection?", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Razanamahery, J", "Soumagne, T", "Humbert, S", "Brunel, A S", "Lepiller, Q", "Daguindau, E", "Mansi, L", "Chirouze, C", "Bouiller, K"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504741", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) is a new emerging virus responsible for pandemic and death. High blood pressure, diabetes, obesity have been described as poor prognosis factors. Few data have been reported in patient with immunocompromised status (solid tumor, hematological malignancy, rheumatoid conditions or organ transplant). We evaluated the characteristics of patients, including the outcome, with immunodepression hospitalized in Besancon University hospital (East of France). We wanted to identify if a type of immunosupression influences the course of Covid-19. In a cohort of 80 patients with immunosupression (42 solid tumors, 20 hematological malignancy and 18 non neoplastic immunosupression), poor outcomes (Intensive care unit hospitalization and or deaths) was frequent (38%) and tended to be more frequent in patients with hematological malignancy."}, {"pmid": 32388643, "pmcid": "PMC7210798", "title": "Preventing adverse cutaneous reactions from amplified hygiene practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: how dermatologists can help through anticipatory guidance.", "journal": "Arch Dermatol Res", "authors": ["MacGibeny, Margaret A", "Wassef, Cindy"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has swept the globe with more than 2,000,000 confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 184 countries and territories. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), two crucial actions can reduce the risk of person-to-person viral transmission: frequent hand washing and surface decontamination with specific environmental protection agency (EPA)-registered disinfectants. As hygiene recommendations evolve during the COVID-19 pandemic and community members adopt changing practices, dermatologists are likely to see a rise in adverse cutaneous reactions from prolonged irritant exposures and widespread use of antimicrobials. The purposes of this report are to familiarize dermatologists with the hygiene practices recommended for COVID-19 prevention, to highlight adverse cutaneous reactions associated with repeated exposures to detergents and disinfectants, and to discuss strategies which patients can implement during the COVID-19 pandemic to minimize skin irritation white still performing hygiene practices effectively."}, {"pmid": 32430840, "pmcid": "PMC7237242", "title": "Dynamic interventions to control COVID-19 pandemic: a multivariate prediction modelling study comparing 16 worldwide countries.", "journal": "Eur J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Chowdhury, Rajiv", "Heng, Kevin", "Shawon, Md Shajedur Rahman", "Goh, Gabriel", "Okonofua, Daisy", "Ochoa-Rosales, Carolina", "Gonzalez-Jaramillo, Valentina", "Bhuiya, Abbas", "Reidpath, Daniel", "Prathapan, Shamini", "Shahzad, Sara", "Althaus, Christian L", "Gonzalez-Jaramillo, Nathalia", "Franco, Oscar H"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430840", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) have been the mainstay for controlling the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While NPIs are effective in preventing health systems overload, these long-term measures are likely to have significant adverse economic consequences. Therefore, many countries are currently considering to lift the NPIs-increasing the\u00a0likelihood of disease resurgence.\u00a0In this regard, dynamic NPIs, with intervals of relaxed social distancing, may provide a more suitable alternative. However, the ideal frequency and duration of intermittent NPIs, and the ideal \"break\" when interventions can be temporarily relaxed, remain uncertain, especially in resource-poor settings. We employed a multivariate prediction model, based on up-to-date transmission and clinical\u00a0parameters, to simulate outbreak trajectories in 16 countries, from diverse regions and economic categories. In each country, we then modelled the impacts on intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths over an 18-month period for following scenarios: (1) no intervention, (2) consecutive cycles of mitigation measures followed by a relaxation period, and (3) consecutive cycles of suppression measures followed by a relaxation period. We defined these dynamic interventions based on reduction of the mean reproduction number during each cycle, assuming a basic reproduction number (R0) of 2.2 for no intervention, and subsequent\u00a0effective reproduction numbers (R) of 0.8 and 0.5 for illustrative\u00a0dynamic mitigation and suppression interventions, respectively. We found that dynamic cycles of 50-day mitigation followed by a 30-day relaxation reduced transmission, however, were unsuccessful in lowering ICU hospitalizations below manageable limits. By contrast, dynamic cycles of 50-day suppression followed by a 30-day relaxation kept the ICU demands below the national capacities. Additionally, we estimated that a significant number of new infections and deaths, especially in resource-poor countries, would be averted if these dynamic suppression measures were kept in place over an 18-month period. This multi-country analysis demonstrates that intermittent reductions of R below 1 through a potential combination of suppression interventions and relaxation can be an effective strategy for COVID-19 pandemic control. Such a \"schedule\" of social distancing might be particularly relevant to low-income countries, where a single, prolonged suppression intervention is unsustainable. Efficient implementation of dynamic suppression interventions, therefore, confers a pragmatic option to: (1) prevent critical care overload and deaths, (2) gain time to develop preventive and clinical measures, and (3) reduce economic hardship globally."}, {"pmid": 32352615, "pmcid": "PMC7267645", "title": "Povidone-iodine gargle as a prophylactic intervention to interrupt the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Pattanshetty, Sanjay", "Narayana, Aparna", "Radhakrishnan, Raghu"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352615", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253375, "pmcid": "PMC7135971", "title": "Nutritional management in hospital setting during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a real-life experience.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Cintoni, Marco", "Rinninella, Emanuele", "Annetta, Maria Giuseppina", "Mele, Maria Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253375", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497809, "pmcid": "PMC7263236", "title": "Evaluation of novel antigen-based rapid detection test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Porte, Lorena", "Legarraga, Paulette", "Vollrath, Valeska", "Aguilera, Ximena", "Munita, Jose M", "Araos, Rafael", "Pizarro, Gabriel", "Vial, Pablo", "Iruretagoyena, Mirentxu", "Dittrich, Sabine", "Weitzel, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497809", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the development and validation of rapid and easy-to-perform diagnostic methods are of high priority. We evaluated a novel rapid antigen detection test (RDT) for SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples. The fluorescence immunochromatographic SARS-CoV-2 antigen test (Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Shenzhen, China) was evaluated using universal transport medium with nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs from suspected Covid-19 cases. Diagnostic accuracy was determined in comparison to SARS-CoV-2 real time (RT)-PCR. A total of 127 samples were included; 82 were RT-PCR positive. Median patients' age was 38 years, 53.5% were male, and 93.7% were from the first week after symptom onset. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 93.9% (CI95% 86.5-97.4) and 100% (CI95% 92.1-100), respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of 96.1% and Kappa coefficient of 0.9. Sensitivity was significantly higher in samples with high viral loads. The evaluated RDT showed a high sensitivity and specificity in samples mainly obtained during the first week of symptoms and with high viral loads, despite the use of a non-validated sample material. The assay has the potential to become an important tool for early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, particularly in situations with limited access to molecular methods."}, {"pmid": 32369656, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 among pregnant Chinese women: case series data on the safety of vaginal birth and breastfeeding.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Wu, Y", "Liu, C", "Dong, L", "Zhang, C", "Chen, Y", "Liu, J", "Zhang, C", "Duan, C", "Zhang, H", "Mol, B W", "Dennis, C-L", "Yin, T", "Yang, J", "Huang, H"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369656", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess whether vaginal secretions and breast milk of women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Single centre cohort study. Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, China. We studied 13 SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women diagnosed between 31 January and 9 March 2020. We collected clinical data, vaginal secretions, stool specimens and breast milk from SARS-CoV-2-infected women during different stages of pregnancy and collected neonatal throat and anal swabs. We assessed viral presence in different biosamples. Of the 13 women with COVID-19, five were in their first trimester, three in their second trimester and five in their third trimester. Of the five women in their third trimester who gave birth, all delivered live newborns. Among these five deliveries, the primary adverse perinatal outcomes included premature delivery (n\u00a0=\u00a02) and neonatal pneumonia (n\u00a0=\u00a02). One of nine stool samples was positive; all 13 vaginal secretion samples, and five throat swabs and four anal swabs collected from neonates, were negative for the novel coronavirus. However, one of three samples of breast milk was positive by viral nucleic acid testing. In this case series of 13 pregnant women with COVID-19, we observed negative viral test results in vaginal secretion specimens, suggesting that a vaginal delivery may be a safe delivery option. However, additional research is urgently needed to examine breast milk and the potential risk for viral contamination. New evidence for the safety of vaginal delivery and breastfeeding in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2, positive viral result in a breast-milk sample."}, {"pmid": 32309814, "pmcid": "PMC7162647", "title": "Rheumatic disease and COVID-19: initial data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance provider registries.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Gianfrancesco, Milena A", "Hyrich, Kimme L", "Gossec, Laure", "Strangfeld, Anja", "Carmona, Loreto", "Mateus, Elsa F", "Sufka, Paul", "Grainger, Rebecca", "Wallace, Zachary", "Bhana, Suleman", "Sirotich, Emily", "Liew, Jean", "Hausmann, Jonathan S", "Costello, Wendy", "Robinson, Philip", "Machado, Pedro M", "Yazdany, Jinoos"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309814", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32062645, "title": "Challenges to the system of reserve medical supplies for public health emergencies: reflections on the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in China.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Wang, Xu", "Zhang, Xiaoxi", "He, Jiangjiang"], "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32062645", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission announced an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), China is now at a critical period in the control of the epidemic. The Chinese Government has been taking a series of rapid, comprehensive, and effective prevention and control measures. As the pandemic has developed, a fact has become apparent: there is a serious dearth of emergency medical supplies, and especially an extreme shortage of personal protective equipment such as masks and medical protective clothing. This is one of the major factors affecting the progress of epidemic prevention and control. Although China has made great efforts to strengthen the ability to quickly respond to public health emergencies since the SARS outbreak in 2003 and it has clarified requirements for emergency supplies through legislation, the emergency reserve supplies program has not been effectively implemented, and there are also deficiencies in the types, quantity, and availability of emergency medical supplies. A sound system of emergency reserve supplies is crucial to the management of public health emergencies. Based on international experiences with pandemic control, the world should emphasize improving the system of emergency reserve medical supplies in the process of establishing and improving public health emergency response systems, and it should promote the establishment of international cooperative programs to jointly deal with public health emergencies of international concern in the future."}, {"pmid": 32516222, "title": "Pediatric Critical Care Medicine in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Kochanek, Patrick M", "Kudchadkar, Sapna R", "Kissoon, Niranjan"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516222", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419941, "pmcid": "PMC7223291", "title": "EAHP launches COVID-19 resource centre for hospital pharmacists.", "journal": "Eur J Hosp Pharm", "authors": ["Kohl, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419941", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329010, "pmcid": "PMC7176572", "title": "Thanks to all medical workers fighting against COVID-19.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Chen, Xiao-Ping"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329010", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32204757, "title": "[Twin girls infected with SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Guo-Xun", "Zhang, Ai-Min", "Huang, Li", "Cheng, Lian-Ying", "Liu, Zhi-Xian", "Peng, Xiu-Lan", "Wang, Hui-Wu"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204757", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article reports the diagnosis and treatment of twin girls who were diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Hunan Province, China. The twin girls, aged 1 year and 2 months, were admitted on January 29, 2020 due to fever for one day and cough and sneezing for two days respectively. Both recovered after symptomatic treatment. The two girls had mild symptoms and rapid recovery, suggesting that children with SARS-CoV-2 infection may be mild and have a good prognosis. There were differences in the clinical symptoms and imaging findings between the twin girls, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection has diverse clinical features in children."}, {"pmid": 32345594, "title": "Patients with Cancer Appear More Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2: A Multicenter Study during the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "authors": ["Dai, Mengyuan", "Liu, Dianbo", "Liu, Miao", "Zhou, Fuxiang", "Li, Guiling", "Chen, Zhen", "Zhang, Zhian", "You, Hua", "Wu, Meng", "Zheng, Qichao", "Xiong, Yong", "Xiong, Huihua", "Wang, Chun", "Chen, Changchun", "Xiong, Fei", "Zhang, Yan", "Peng, Yaqin", "Ge, Siping", "Zhen, Bo", "Yu, Tingting", "Wang, Ling", "Wang, Hua", "Liu, Yu", "Chen, Yeshan", "Mei, Junhua", "Gao, Xiaojia", "Li, Zhuyan", "Gan, Lijuan", "He, Can", "Li, Zhen", "Shi, Yuying", "Qi, Yuwen", "Yang, Jing", "Tenen, Daniel G", "Chai, Li", "Mucci, Lorelei A", "Santillana, Mauricio", "Cai, Hongbing"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345594", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel COVID-19 outbreak has affected more than 200 countries and territories as of March 2020. Given that patients with cancer are generally more vulnerable to infections, systematic analysis of diverse cohorts of patients with cancer affected by COVID-19 is needed. We performed a multicenter study including 105 patients with cancer and 536 age-matched noncancer patients confirmed with COVID-19. Our results showed COVID-19 patients with cancer had higher risks in all severe outcomes. Patients with hematologic cancer, lung cancer, or with metastatic cancer (stage IV) had the highest frequency of severe events. Patients with nonmetastatic cancer experienced similar frequencies of severe conditions to those observed in patients without cancer. Patients who received surgery had higher risks of having severe events, whereas patients who underwent only radiotherapy did not demonstrate significant differences in severe events when compared with patients without cancer. These findings indicate that patients with cancer appear more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. SIGNIFICANCE: Because this is the first large cohort study on this topic, our report will provide much-needed information that will benefit patients with cancer globally. As such, we believe it is extremely important that our study be disseminated widely to alert clinicians and patients.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 747."}, {"pmid": 32343939, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 12 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEST 19 April 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343939", "countries": ["Australia", "United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 19 April 2020: notifications = 6,606; deaths = 69. The reduction in international travel and domestic movement, social distancing measures and public health action have likely slowed the spread of the disease. Notifications in Australia remain predominantly among people with recent overseas travel, with some locally-acquired cases being detected. Most locally-acquired cases can be linked back to a confirmed case, with a small portion unable to be epidemiologically linked. The distribution of overseas-acquired cases to locally-acquired cases varies by jurisdiction. The crude case fatality rate (CFR) in Australia remains low (1.0%) compared to the World Health Organization's globally-reported rate (6.8%) and to other comparable high-income countries such as the United States of America (4.7%) and the United Kingdom (13.5%). The low CFR is likely reflective of high case ascertainment including detection of mild cases. High case ascertainment enables public health response and reduction of disease transmission. Internationally, cases continue to increase. The rates of increase have started to slow in several regions, although it is too soon to tell whether this trend will be sustained. Interpretation of international epidemiology should be conducted with caution as it differs from country to country depending not only on the disease dynamics, but also on differences in case detection, testing and implemented public health measures."}, {"pmid": 32352576, "pmcid": "PMC7267544", "title": "COVID-19 in pregnancy: risk of adverse neonatal outcomes.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Mehan, Aman", "Venkatesh, Ashwin", "Girish, Milind"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352576", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with great interest the study by Siyu Chen and colleagues. The authors evaluated the clinical features and outcomes of five pregnant patients with COVID-19 at term, whose delivery was uneventful and led to favorable perinatal outcomes for both mother and neonate. We would like to draw attention to a growing body of evidence that now points towards an under-addressed association between preterm maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, preterm delivery and adverse neonatal outcomes, which is not reflected in Chen et al.'s small cohort. We also stress that vertical transmission, which was not tested for by Chen et al., should not be excluded as a potential mechanism for viral spread. Centers should therefore be meticulous in their approach to a SARS-CoV-2+ pregnancy to optimize clinical outcomes for both mother and child. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32375142, "title": "Perspective: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and Haematologists.", "journal": "Acta Haematol", "authors": ["Gale, Robert Peter"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375142", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457029, "title": "Covid-19: Selected NHS patients will be treated with remdesivir.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kmietowicz, Zosia"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457029", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333854, "pmcid": "PMC7176390", "title": "A call for action for COVID-19 surveillance and research during pregnancy.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Buekens, Pierre", "Alger, Jackeline", "Breart, Gerard", "Cafferata, Maria Luisa", "Harville, Emily", "Tomasso, Giselle"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333854", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317277, "pmcid": "PMC7234275", "title": "Redesign of a rural emergency department to prepare for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Patey, Christopher", "Asghari, Shabnam", "Norman, Paul", "Hurley, Oliver"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317277", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282789, "pmcid": "PMC7174894", "title": "Public Health Interventions to Mitigate Early Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Poland.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Pinkas, Jaroslaw", "Jankowski, Mateusz", "Szumowski, Lukasz", "Lusawa, Aleksandra", "Zgliczynski, Wojciech S", "Raciborski, Filip", "Wierzba, Waldemar", "Gujski, Mariusz"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282789", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed (1) to present public health interventions to mitigate the early spread of SARS-CoV-2 implemented in Poland between January 9 and March 29, 2020, and (2) to analyze the potential impact of these regulations on the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in Poland. All legal regulations published in the Journal of Laws between January 9 and March 29, 2020, were analyzed. Out of 406 legal regulations identified, 56 were related to the COVID-19 outbreak. Moreover, the official announcements published on the governmental websites dedicated to the coronavirus and health issues were analyzed. On March 4, Poland reported the first laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case. On March 9, Poland introduced border sanitary control. Six days after the first laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case, all mass events in Poland were banned. All schools and universities were closed 8 days after the first COVID-19 case. All gastronomic facilities and sport and entertainment services were limited starting on March 14. Eleven days after the first COVID-19 case, controls at all Polish borders were introduced, and a ban on entry into Poland by foreigners (with some exemptions) was implemented. Starting on March 15, all citizens returning from abroad had to undergo compulsory 14 days self-quarantine. On March 20, a state of epidemic was announced, which resulted in new social distancing measures starting on March 25. In Poland, compared to other European countries, far-reaching solutions were implemented relatively early to reduce the spread of infection."}, {"pmid": 32371230, "pmcid": "PMC7190497", "title": "Evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A global health emergency.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Acter, Thamina", "Uddin, Nizam", "Das, Jagotamoy", "Akhter, Afroza", "Choudhury, Tasrina Rabia", "Kim, Sunghwan"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371230", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to data compiled by researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, more than two and half million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a newly discovered virus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been confirmed on April 20, 2020 (Nature, 2020b). Since the emergence of this infectious disease in Asia (Wuhan, China) late last year, it has been subsequently span to every continent of the world except Antarctica (Rodr\u00edguez-Morales et al., 2020). Along with a foothold in every country, the current disease pandemic is disrupting practically every aspect of life all over the world. As the outbreak are continuing to evolve, several research activities have been conducted for better understanding the origin, functions, treatments, and preventions of this novel coronavirus. This review will be a summa of the key features of novel coronavirus (nCoV), the virus causing disease 2019 and the present epidemic situation worldwide up to April 20, 2020. It is expected that this record will play an important role to take more preventive measures for overcoming the challenges faced during this current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32451272, "pmcid": "PMC7187810", "title": "Perioperative Preparations for COVID-19: The Pediatric Cardiac Team Perspective.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Ing, Richard J", "Barrett, Cindy", "Chatterjee, Debnath", "Twite, Mark", "Whitney, Gina M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444414, "title": "Antibodies against immunogenic epitopes with high sequence identity to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with autoimmune dermatomyositis.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Megremis, Spyridon", "Walker, Thomas D J", "He, Xiaotong", "Ollier, William E R", "Chinoy, Hector", "Hampson, Lynne", "Hampson, Ian", "Lamb, Janine A"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444414", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513290, "title": "A pilot study of therapeutic plasma exchange for serious SARS CoV-2 disease (COVID-19): A structured summary of a randomized controlled trial study protocol.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Faqihi, Fahad", "Alharthy, Abdulrahman", "Alodat, Mohammed", "Asad, Daood", "Aletreby, Waleed", "Kutsogiannis, Demetrios J", "Brindley, Peter G", "Karakitsos, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513290", "countries": ["United States", "Switzerland", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the safety of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in adult patients with serious/life-threatening COVID-19 requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and associated 28-day mortality. Serious and life threatening COVID-19 are defined as per published literature (please, refer to the full protocol, Additional file 1). The rationale is that TPE can remove interleukins-3, 6, 8, 10, interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Thus, it may reduce the cytokine release syndrome associated with fulminant COVID-19 disease. Pilot, interventional, open-label, randomized controlled multicenter trial. Inclusion criteria are: 1) age \u2265 18 years old; 2) intubation and intensive care unit (ICU) admission; 3) serious and/or life-threatening COVID-19 (please, refer to the full protocol, Additional file 1). SARS-CoV-2 infection is confirmed by Real-Time-Polymerase-Chain-Reaction (RT-PCR) assays using QuantiNova Probe RT-PCR kit (Qiagen) in a Light-Cycler 480 real-time PCR system (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Exclusion criteria are: 1) previous allergic reaction to plasma exchange or its ingredients (i.e., sodium citrate), 2) two consecutive negative RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 at least 24 hours apart, 3) mild COVID-19 not requiring ICU admission and 4) terminally ill patients receiving palliative care. The primary site will be King Saud Medical City (KSMC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Also, the study will run in ICUs (Ministry of Health Cluster 1; Riyadh) and other centers in KSA pending their institutional review board (IRB) approval. The intervention group will receive TPE, plus empiric treatment for COVID-19. TPE is administered using the Spectra Optia TM Apheresis System equipped with the Depuro D2000 Adsorption Cartridge (Terumo BCT Inc., USA). The first dose is 1.5 plasma volumes, followed by one plasma volume on alternate days or daily for five to seven total treatments. Spectra Optia TM Apheresis System operates with acid-citrate dextrose anticoagulant (ACDA) as per Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2019 guidelines. Plasma is replaced with albumin 5% or fresh frozen plasma in patients with coagulopathy (prothrombin time >37 seconds; international normalized ratio >3; activated partial thromboplastin time >100 or fibrinogen level <100 mg/d). TPE sessions are performed daily over four hours and laboratory markers measured daily. The comparators are controls not receiving TPE but usual empiric treatment for COVID-19 as per institutional, national and international recommendations. Both groups will receive standard ICU supportive care. Primary study end-point is 28-day mortality and safety of TPE in serious and/or life-threatening COVID-19. Safety will be evaluated by the documentation of any pertinent adverse and/or serious adverse effects related to TPE as per institutional, national and international (Food and Drug Administration) guidelines. Secondary outcomes are: i) improvement in Sequential Organ Function Assessment (SOFA) score ; ii) changes in inflammatory markers: serum C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, d-dimers and interleukin-6; iii) days on mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay. Eligible consented patients are randomized (1:1 allocation) after stratification by ICU center and two PaO2/FIO2 ratio categories (> 150 and \u2264 150). Randomization occurs in variable block sizes of four to eight patients. A web-based randomization service, randomize.net, is used to allocate patients to their respective strata prior to the intervention or control therapy. Given the visibility of TPE machinery, the intervention will be unblinded; hence, no enrollment concealment will be expedited. The lack of allocation concealment will be mitigated by several measures (please, refer to the full protocol, Additional file 1). This pilot randomized trial aims to recruit a convenience sample of patients with serious and/or life-threatening COVID-19. Therefore, at least 20 patients are to be randomized to each group per participating center. We are hoping to consent and randomize approximately 60 patients in each group over a 3 to 6 months period giving a total of 120 participants. The protocol version 1 was approved 29/04/2020. Recruitment is ongoing, and began on 01/05/2020. We estimate completion by 29/10/2020. Registered at ISRCTN on 18/05/2020 (ISRCTN21363594; doi.10.1186/ ISRCTN21363594). The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest of expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32322397, "pmcid": "PMC7175902", "title": "Potential use of hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin and azithromycin drugs in fighting COVID-19: trends, scope and relevance.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Choudhary, Renuka", "Sharma, Anil K", "Choudhary, Renuka"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322397", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Alarming situation has been caused due to the emergence of COVID-19 infection around the world. There is an urgency of developing a therapeutic strategy in order to control the spread of COVID-19. Towards that initiative, potential drugs like hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin and azithromycin have been tested by diverse group of researchers worldwide for their potential against novel coronavirus. The present report presents together the comprehensive knowledge derived from the major researches about the above drugs altogether in context of the current health emergency around the world. Hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin were known to act by creating the acidic environment and inhibiting the importin (IMP\u03b1/\u03b21) mediated viral import. Azithromycin was found to act similar to the hydroxychloroquine as an acidotropic lipophilic weak base. All the three categories of drugs seemed to potentially act against novel coronavirus infection. However, their efficacies need to be studied in detail individually and in combination in-vivo in order to combat COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32275347, "pmcid": "PMC7262276", "title": "Myocardial localization of coronavirus in COVID-19 cardiogenic shock.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Tavazzi, Guido", "Pellegrini, Carlo", "Maurelli, Marco", "Belliato, Mirko", "Sciutti, Fabio", "Bottazzi, Andrea", "Sepe, Paola Alessandra", "Resasco, Tullia", "Camporotondo, Rita", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Paolucci, Stefania", "Pelenghi, Stefano", "Iotti, Giorgio Antonio", "Mojoli, Francesco", "Arbustini, Eloisa"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275347", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the first case of acute cardiac injury directly linked to myocardial localization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02 (SARS-CoV-2) in a 69-year-old patient with flu-like symptoms rapidly degenerating into respiratory distress, hypotension, and cardiogenic shock. The patient was successfully treated with venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and mechanical ventilation. Cardiac function fully recovered in 5\u2009days and ECMO was removed. Endomyocardial biopsy demonstrated low-grade myocardial inflammation and viral particles in the myocardium suggesting either a viraemic phase or, alternatively, infected macrophage migration from the lung."}, {"pmid": 32396451, "title": "High-Risk Aerosol-Generating Procedures in COVID-19: Respiratory Protective Equipment Considerations.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Howard, Brittany E"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396451", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The correct selection and utilization of respiratory personal protective equipment is of the utmost importance in the current COVID-19 pandemic. This is especially true for health care workers exposed to high-risk aerosol-generating procedures, including otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists, neurosurgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, and laparoscopic surgeons. This communication provides a review of approved forms of respiratory protection and compares their characteristics, including surgical masks, N95 respirator, elastomeric respirators, powered air-purifying respirators, and controlled air-purifying respirators. For standard airborne precautions, N95 respirator are appropriate for respiratory protection. However, high-risk aerosol-generating procedures may create aerosolization of high viral loads that represent increased risk to health care workers. In these situations, enhanced respiratory protection with filters certified as 99, 100, or HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) may be appropriate."}, {"pmid": 32336069, "title": "What should a cardiologist know about coronavirus disease 2019?", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Slawinski, Grzegorz", "Lewicka, Ewa"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336069", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2011CoV\u20112) is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201119). The most common symptoms of COVID\u201119 are: fever (81.8%-100%), cough (46.3%-86.2%), myalgia and fatigue (11%-50%), expectoration (4.4%-72%), and dyspnea (18.6%-59%). The most common laboratory abnormalities in COVID\u201119 include decreased lymphocyte count (35%-82.1%), thrombocytopenia (17%-36.2%), elevated serum C\u2011reactive protein (60.7%-93%), lactate dehydrogenase (41%-76%), and D\u2011dimer concentrations (36%-46.4%). Among comorbidities in patients with COVID\u201119, cardiovascular disease is most commonly found. In addition, patients with concomitant cardiovascular diseases have worse prognosis and more often require admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), compared with patients without such comorbidities. It is estimated that about 20% of patients with COVID\u201119 develop cardiac injury. Cardiac injury is more prevalent among patients with COVID\u201119 who require ICU care. In a group of critically ill patients, 27.5% had an elevated N\u2011terminal pro-B\u2011type natriuretic peptide concentration, and increased cardiac troponin level was found in 10% of patients. One of the life\u2011threatening cardiac manifestations is coronavirus fulminant myocarditis, which may also occur without accompanying symptoms of pulmonary involvement. Early recognition and treatment is crucial in these cases. So far, data on the incidence of arrhythmias in patients with COVID\u201119 are limited. Coronavirus disease 2019 impacts patients with cardiovascular comorbidities and affects daily practice of cardiologists. Thus, it is important to know typical COVID\u201119 symptoms, possible clinical manifestations, complications, and recommended treatment."}, {"pmid": 32329275, "title": "[An analysis of global research on SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Longhao", "Li, Baihong", "Jia, Peng", "Pu, Jian", "Bai, Bei", "Li, Yin", "Zhu, Peijia", "Li, Lei", "Zeng, Guojun", "Zhao, Xin", "Dong, Shanshan", "Liu, Menghan", "Zhang, Nan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329275", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 has been spread to 26 countries around the world since its outbreak. By February 16, 2020, more than 68 000 people had been diagnosed with COVID-19. Researchers from all over the world have carried out timely studies on this public health emergency and produced a number of scientific publications. This review aims to re-analyze and summarize the current research findings in a timely manner to guide scholars in relevant fields to further SARS-CoV-2 research and assist healthcare professionals in their work and decision-making. The SARS-CoV-2 related terms were selected in both English and Chinese and were searched in several major databases, including Pubmed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases. The reference list of each search result was screened for relevance, which was further supplemented to the search results. The included studies were categorized by topics with key characteristics extracted, re-analyzed, and summarized. A total of 301 articles were finally included with 136 in Chinese and 165 in English. The number of publications has rapidly increased since mid-January, 2020, and a peak day was 6th February on which 50 articles were published. The top three countries publishing articles were China, the United States and the United Kingdom. The Lancet and its specialty journals have published the most articles, with contribution also from journals such as New England Journal of Medicine ( NEJM), The Journal of the American Medical Association ( JAMA), and Nature. All articles were categorized into epidemiology, clinical diagnosis and treatment, basic research, pregnant women and children, mental health, epidemic prevention & control, and others. The literatures related to SARS-CoV-2 are emerging rapidly. It is necessary to sort out and summarize the research topic in time, which has a good reference value for staff in different positions. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the judgment of the quality of literatures."}, {"pmid": 32454503, "title": "Stroke in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-1.", "journal": "Cerebrovasc Dis", "authors": ["Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy", "Hennerici, Michael G"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454503", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338790, "pmcid": "PMC7267335", "title": "Major head and neck reconstruction during the COVID-19 pandemic: The University of Pittsburgh approach.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Ranasinghe, Viran", "Mady, Leila J", "Kim, Seungwon", "Ferris, Robert L", "Duvvuri, Umamaheswar", "Johnson, Jonas T", "Solari, Mario G", "Sridharan, Shaum", "Kubik, Mark"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338790", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created significant challenges to the delivery of care for patients with advanced head and neck cancer requiring multimodality therapy. Performing major head and neck ablative surgery and reconstruction is a particular concern given the extended duration and aerosolizing nature of these cases. In this manuscript, we describe our surgical approach to provide timely reconstructive care and minimize infectious risk to the providers, patients, and families."}, {"pmid": 32255683, "title": "Clinical Features and Chest CT Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Mungmungpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255683", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283510, "pmcid": "PMC7139237", "title": "Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Roy, Deblina", "Tripathy, Sarvodaya", "Kar, Sujita Kumar", "Sharma, Nivedita", "Verma, Sudhir Kumar", "Kaushal, Vikas"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283510", "countries": ["China", "India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) originating from China has rapidly crossed borders, infecting people throughout the whole world. This phenomenon has led to a massive public reaction; the media has been reporting continuously across borders to keep all informed about the pandemic situation. All these things are creating a lot of concern for people leading to heightened levels of anxiety. Pandemics can lead to heightened levels of stress; Anxiety is a common response to any stressful situation. This study attempted to assess the knowledge, attitude, anxiety experience, and perceived mental healthcare need among adult Indian population during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire using a non-probability snowball sampling technique. A total of 662 responses were received. The responders had a moderate level of knowledge about the COVID-19 infection and adequate knowledge about its preventive aspects. The attitude towards COVID-19 showed peoples' willingness to follow government guidelines on quarantine and social distancing. The anxiety levels identified in the study were high. More than 80 % of the people were preoccupied with the thoughts of COVID-19 and 72 % reported the need to use gloves, and sanitizers. In this study, sleep difficulties, paranoia about acquiring COVID-19 infection and distress related social media were reported in 12.5 %, 37.8 %, and 36.4 % participants respectively. The perceived mental healthcare need was seen in more than 80 % of participants. There is a need to intensify the awareness and address the mental health issues of people during this COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32291954, "pmcid": "PMC7262191", "title": "Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Arachchillage, Deepa R J", "Laffan, Mike"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291954", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358955, "pmcid": "PMC7197591", "title": "Still much to learn about the diagnostic role of SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Di Giambenedetto, Simona", "Ciccullo, Arturo", "Posteraro, Brunella", "Lombardi, Francesca", "Borghetti, Alberto", "Sanguinetti, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358955", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485391, "pmcid": "PMC7260536", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin for COVID-19 - Warranted or dangerous?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Popescu, Corneliu P", "Fischer, Philip R"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485391", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383264, "pmcid": "PMC7267376", "title": "Comment on \"Central Nervous System Involvement by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2)\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Siyang", "Lu, Hongjia", "Liu, Zhewei", "Yuan, Weiming"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383264", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281330, "title": "[Analysis on clinical study protocols of traditional Chinese medicine for coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Hui", "Jin, Xin-Yao", "Pang, Bo", "Liu, Chun-Xiang", "Zheng, Wen-Ke", "Yang, Feng-Wen", "Pang, Wen-Tai", "Zhang, Jun-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281330", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the registered clinical trial protocols of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), in order to provide information for improving the quality of research design. The website of the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(www.chictr.org.cn) and the American Clinical Trial Registry(clinicaltrials.gov) were searched to collect protocols of TCM for COVID-19. Documents were screened following the inclusion criteria, and data were extracted in regard to registration date, study objective, type of design, sponsor, patient, sample size, intervention, and evaluation index. Descriptive analysis was conducted. A total of 49 clinical trial protocols of TCM for COVID-19 were included. Primary sponsors were mainly hospitals or universities in places like Hubei, Beijing, Zhejiang and other regions. The implementation units are mainly in Hubei, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Henan and other regional hospitals. The types of study design were mainly experimental studies(40), including 30 randomized parallel controlled trials, 7 non-randomized controlled trials, 2 single arm trials and 1 consecutively recruited trial; besides, there were also 6 observational studies, 2 health service studies and 1 preventive study. The sample size reached a total of 30 562 cases, with a maximum of 20 000 for a single study and a minimum of 30. The 49 trials subjects included healthy people(3), isolation and observation cases(1), suspected cases(10),confirmed COVID-19 patients(31) and COVID-19 recovery patients(4). Of the 31 trials planned to include confirmed COVID-19 patients, 16 protocols no definite disease classification, 3 with a clear exclusion of severe subjects, 4 with common subjects, 2 with light, common or severe subjects, 1 with light and common subjects, 1 with common or severe subjects, 3 with severe subjects, and 1 with severe or critical subjects. The experimental interventions included Chinese patent medicine(Lianhua Qingwen Capsules/Granules, Huoxiang Zhengqi Dropping Pills/Oral Liquid, Babao Dan, Gubiao Jiedu Ling, Jinhao Jiere Granules, Compound Yu-xingcao Mixture, Jinye Baidu Granules, Shufeng Jiedu Capsuless, Shuanghuanglian Oral Liquid, Tanreqing Injection, Xuebijing Injection, Reduning Injection, Xiyanping Injection), Chinese medicinal decoction and taichi. The primary evaluation outcomes mainly included antipyretic time, clinical symptom relief, novel coronavirus nucleic acid turning to negative, conversion rate of severe cases and chest CT. There was a quick response of clinical research on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 with TCM, with the current registered protocols covers the whole process of disease prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. However, issues need to be concerned, including unclear definition of patient's condition, unclear research objectives, unclear intervention process and inappropriate outcomes, etc. In addition, researchers should consider the actual difficulties and workload of doctors in epidemic response environment, and make effort to optimize the process and improve the operability of research protocols under the principle of medical ethics."}, {"pmid": 32327763, "pmcid": "PMC7177118", "title": "Are your cash-flow tools recession ready?", "journal": "Bus Horiz", "authors": ["Mullins, John"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327763", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In good times like those most businesses have enjoyed for the past decade, business owners have typically watched their income statements with pleasure, as year-to-year performance gains have fattened their dividend payouts and increased the valuation of the companies they own and run. All too often in such times, scant attention is paid to what's between the top line and the bottom line of the income statement. Worse, most business owners, in my experience, give little more than a cursory nod to the balance sheet. Why does this matter? When a recession lands on their doorstep with a sudden thud, as it apparently just has, many of these same people will find themselves having sailed too close to the wind, with cash running out and a dearth of tools to help them weather the storm and understand what has gone wrong. But it need not be so, for there are four simple tools to help any business owner answer these four important questions: (1) Where is cash going in my business, and where is it coming from? (2) To what extent are my profit margins improving or declining, and why? (3) To what extent am I effectively managing the cash-flow relationships with my customers and my suppliers? (4) What, if anything, can I do to better manage the cash that flows into and out of my business? If your business is threatened by the COVID-19 pandemic, here are some tools to help it survive."}, {"pmid": 32270938, "title": "[Covid-19 diagnosis : clinical recommendations and performance of nasopharyngeal swab-PCR].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Kokkinakis, Ioannis", "Selby, Kevin", "Favrat, Bernard", "Genton, Blaise", "Cornuz, Jacques"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270938", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic imposes new diagnostic strategies in order to optimize the medical care of our patients. The current biblio-graphy, although of low quality, shows a sensitivity of 56 to 83\u2005% for the Covid-19 PCR. Even though one negative test can exclude a Covid-19 in the majority of cases, the NPV (Negative Predictive Value) decreases with increasing prevalence (pre-test probability). This finding suggests the need for strict auto-isolation of patients until the resolution of their symptoms. For patients that present with typical symptoms, who have a presumed Covid-19 prevalence of -40-50\u2005%, a negative test should be interpreted with caution and a repeat test may be needed."}, {"pmid": 32342516, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on dental education in the United States.", "journal": "J Dent Educ", "authors": ["Iyer, Parvati", "Aziz, Kalid", "Ojcius, David M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342516", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dental institutions in the United States are reeling from the consequences of the novel SARS-CoV2 coronavirus, the causative agent of CODIV-19. As oral health care providers, we have been trained on prevention of aerosol transmissible diseases, but we are still grappling with many unknown factors regarding COVID-19. While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), American Dental Association (ADA), and local state agencies are releasing updates on guidelines for dentists and patients, no official information exists for dental institutions on how to effectively follow the recommended guidelines including \"shelter in place\" with social distancing to protect students, faculty, staff, and patients, and still ensure continuity of dental education. This article discusses the challenges that we face currently and offers some simple strategies to bridge the gaps in dental education to overcome this emergency."}, {"pmid": 32527804, "title": "COVID-19 and flu, a perfect storm.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Belongia, Edward A", "Osterholm, Michael T"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527804", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381513, "title": "Covid-19: Number of Germans infected could be 10 times higher than official estimates.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Stafford, Ned"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381513", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464657, "title": "Racism and the Political Economy of COVID-19: Will We Continue to Resurrect the Past?", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Bailey, Zinzi D", "Moon, J Robin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464657", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is not spreading over a level playing field; structural racism is embedded within the fabric of American culture, infrastructure investments, and public policy, and fundamentally drives inequities. The same racism that has driven the systematic dismantling of the American social safety-net has also created the policy recipe for American structural vulnerability to the impacts of this and other pandemics. The Bronx provides an important case study for investigating the historical roots of structural inequities showcased by this pandemic; current lived experiences of Bronx residents are rooted in the racialized dismantling of New York City's public infrastructure and systematic disinvestment. The story of the Bronx is repeating itself, only this time with a novel virus. In order to address the root causes of inequities in cases and deaths due to COVID-19, we need to focus not just on restarting the economy, but on reimagining the economy, divesting of systems rooted in racism and the devaluation of Black and Brown lives."}, {"pmid": 32275925, "pmcid": "PMC7141460", "title": "Clinical and Imaging features of COVID-19 Patients: Analysis of Data from High-Altitude Areas.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zeng, Jie", "Peng, Shengkun", "Lei, Yu", "Huang, Jianxin", "Guo, Yang", "Zhang, Xiaoqin", "Huang, Xiaobo", "Pu, Hong", "Pan, Lingai"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275925", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327413, "title": "Genetic Roadmap for Kidney Involvement of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Zhang, Yue-Miao", "Zhang, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327413", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471823, "title": "Covid-19: Charities call for clear advice after \"utter mess\" of shielding texts.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471823", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512350, "title": "High-flow tracheal oxygen in tracheostomised COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Crit Care", "authors": ["Epstein, Danny", "Miller, Asaf", "Ben-Avi, Ronny", "Matan, Moshe"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512350", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404791, "title": "COVID-19 in the Pediatric Population Admitted to a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Northern Italy: Preliminary Clinical Data.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Brambilla, Ilaria", "Castagnoli, Riccardo", "Caimmi, Silvia", "Ciprandi, Giorgio", "Luigi Marseglia, Gian"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404791", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275075, "pmcid": "PMC7262193", "title": "Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients dying from COVID-19 in Italy vs China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Mattiuzzi, Camilla", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian", "Henry, Brandon M"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275075", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32009228, "pmcid": "PMC7089049", "title": "Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Xu, Xintian", "Chen, Ping", "Wang, Jingfang", "Feng, Jiannan", "Zhou, Hui", "Li, Xuan", "Zhong, Wu", "Hao, Pei"], "date": "2020-02-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32009228", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350576, "pmcid": "PMC7189008", "title": "COVID-19 crisis: an extraordinary time for collaboration and science-a call for leadership, now and beyond.", "journal": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc", "authors": ["Spalding, Tim", "Karlsson, Jon", "Hirschmann, Michael T", "Becker, Roland", "Musahl, Volker"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350576", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220832, "title": "Covid-19: diabetes clinicians set up social media account to help alleviate patients' fears.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220832", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394482, "pmcid": "PMC7272806", "title": "Disposable customized aerosol containment chamber for oral cancer biopsy: A novel technique during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Sharma, Sudhendu S", "Singh, Deepak K", "Yadav, Avadhesh K", "Swain, Jyotiranjan", "Kumar, Sundeep", "Jain, Deep K", "Prakash, Puneet"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394482", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425006, "pmcid": "PMC7203540", "title": "Efficacy of internet-based integrated intervention on depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Wei, Ning", "Huang, Bo-Chao", "Lu, Shao-Jia", "Hu, Jian-Bo", "Zhou, Xiao-Yi", "Hu, Chan-Chan", "Chen, Jing-Kai", "Huang, Jin-Wen", "Li, Shu-Guang", "Wang, Zheng", "Wang, Dan-Dan", "Xu, Yi", "Hu, Shao-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425006", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health crises, such as the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since Dec. 2019, are widely acknowledged as severe traumatic events that impose threats not only because of physical concerns but also because of the psychological distress of infected patients. We designed an internet-based integrated intervention and evaluated its efficacy on depression and anxiety symptoms in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32524223, "title": "Dynamic evolution of COVID-19 on chest computed tomography: experience from Jiangsu Province of China.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Wang, Yuan-Cheng", "Luo, Huanyuan", "Liu, Songqiao", "Huang, Shan", "Zhou, Zhen", "Yu, Qian", "Zhang, Shijun", "Zhao, Zhen", "Yu, Yizhou", "Yang, Yi", "Wang, Duolao", "Ju, Shenghong"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524223", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the patterns of chest computed tomography (CT) evolution according to disease severity in a large coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cohort in Jiangsu Province, China. This retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 10, 2020, to February 18, 2020. All patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Jiangsu Province were included, retrospectively. Quantitative CT measurements of pulmonary opacities including volume, density, and location were extracted by deep learning algorithm. Dynamic evolution of these measurements was investigated from symptom onset (day 1) to beyond day 15. Comparison was made between severity groups. A total of 484 patients (median age of 47\u00a0years, interquartile range 33-57) with 954 CT examinations were included, and each was assigned to one of the three groups: asymptomatic/mild (n\u2009=\u200963), moderate (n\u2009=\u2009378), severe/critically ill (n\u2009=\u200943). Time series showed different evolution patterns of CT measurements in the groups. Following disease onset, posteroinferior subpleural area of the lung was the most common location for pulmonary opacities. Opacity volume continued to increase beyond 15\u00a0days in the severe/critically ill group, compared with peaking on days 13-15 in the moderate group. Asymptomatic/mild group had the lowest opacity volume which almost resolved after 15\u00a0days. The opacity density began to drop from day 10 to day 12 for moderately ill patients. Volume, density, and location of the pulmonary opacity and their evolution on CT varied with disease severity in COVID-19. These findings are valuable in understanding the nature of the disease and monitoring the patient's condition during the course of illness. \u2022 Volume, density, and location of the pulmonary opacity on CT change over time in COVID-19. \u2022 The evolution of CT appearance follows specific pattern, varying with disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32222433, "pmcid": "PMC7103920", "title": "[Guidelines for surgical management of gynaecological cancer during pandemic COVID-19 period - FRANCOGYN group for the CNGOF].", "journal": "Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol", "authors": ["Akladios, C", "Azais, H", "Ballester, M", "Bendifallah, S", "Bolze, P-A", "Bourdel, N", "Bricou, A", "Canlorbe, G", "Carcopino, X", "Chauvet, P", "Collinet, P", "Coutant, C", "Dabi, Y", "Dion, L", "Gauthier, T", "Graesslin, O", "Huchon, C", "Koskas, M", "Kridelka, F", "Lavoue, V", "Lecointre, L", "Mezzadri, M", "Mimoun, C", "Ouldamer, L", "Raimond, E", "Touboul, C"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222433", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recommendations for the management of patients with gynecological cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Recommendations based on the consensus conference model. In the case of a COVID-19 positive patient, surgical management should be postponed for at least 15 days. For cervical cancer, the place of surgery must be re-evaluated in relation to radiotherapy and Radio-Chemotherapy-Concomitant and the value of lymph node staging surgeries must be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. For advanced ovarian cancers, neo-adjuvant chemotherapy should be favored even if primary cytoreduction surgery could be envisaged. It is lawful not to offer hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy during a COVID-19 pandemic. In the case of patients who must undergo interval surgery, it is possible to continue the chemotherapy and to offer surgery after 6 cycles of chemotherapy. For early stage endometrial cancer, in case of low and intermediate preoperative ESMO risk, hysterectomy with bilateral annexectomy associated with a sentinel lymph node procedure should be favored. It is possible to consider postponing surgery for 1 to 2 months in low-risk endometrial cancers (FIGO Ia stage on MRI and grade 1-2 endometrioid cancer on endometrial biopsy). For high ESMO risk, it ispossible to favor the MSKCC algorithm (combining PET-CT and sentinel lymph node biopsy) in order to omit pelvic and lumbar-aortic lymphadenectomies. During COVID-19 pandemic, patients suffering from cancer should not lose life chance, while limiting the risks associated with the virus."}, {"pmid": 32376422, "pmcid": "PMC7196541", "title": "Cyclosporine therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic is not a reason for concern.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Rudnicka, Lidia", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Glowacka, Paulina", "Sikora, Mariusz", "Sar-Pomian, Marta", "Rakowska, Adriana", "Samochocki, Zbigniew", "Olszewska, Malgorzata"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376422", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241813, "title": "Covid-19: Patients who are improving could have treatment withdrawn if others could benefit more.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241813", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387139, "pmcid": "PMC7200379", "title": "A Dual-Center Observational Review of Hospital-Based Palliative Care in Patients Dying With COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Turner, Jennifer", "Eliot Hodgson, Luke", "Leckie, Todd", "Eade, Lisa", "Ford-Dunn, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387139", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put significant strain on all aspects of health care delivery, including palliative care services. Given the high mortality from this disease, particularly in the more vulnerable members of society, it is important to examine how best to deliver a high standard of end-of-life care during this crisis. This case series collected data from two acute hospitals examining the management of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who subsequently died (n\u00a0=\u00a036) and compared this with national and local end-of-life audit data for all other deaths. Our results demonstrated a shorter dying phase (38.25\u00a0hours vs. 74\u00a0hours) and higher rates of syringe driver use (72% vs. 33% in local audits), although with similar average mediation doses. Of note was the significant heterogeneity in the phenotype of deterioration in the dying phase, two distinct patterns emerged, with one group demonstrating severe illness with a short interval between symptom onset and death and another group presenting with a more protracted deterioration. This brief report suggests a spectrum of mode of dying. Overall, the cohort reflects previously described experiences, with increased frailty (median Clinical Frailty Scale score of 5) and extensive comorbidity burden. This brief report provides clinicians with a contemporaneous overview of our experience, knowledge, and pattern recognition when caring for people with COVID-19 and highlights the value of proactive identification of patients and risk of deterioration and palliation."}, {"pmid": 32223317, "title": "Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China.", "journal": "Psychol Health Med", "authors": ["Wang, Yenan", "Di, Yu", "Ye, Junjie", "Wei, Wenbin"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223317", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: As COVID-19 occurs suddenly and is highly contagious, this will inevitably cause people anxiety, depression, etc. The study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the COVID-19 outbreak is of practical significance.Methods:\u00a0600 valid questionnaires were received. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-Rating Depression Scale\u00a0(SDS) were used.Results:\u00a0Females' anxiety risk was 3.01 times compared to males (95%\u00a0CI\u00a01.39-6.52). Compared with people below 40\u00a0years old, the anxiety risk of people above 40\u00a0years old was 0.40 times (95%\u00a0CI\u00a00.16-0.99). SDS results indicated that\u00a0the difference between education level and occupation was statistically significant (p\u00a0=\u00a00.024, 0.005). Compared to people with a master's degree or above, those with a bachelor's degree group had a depression risk of 0.39 times (95%\u00a0CI\u00a00.17-0.87). Compared with professionals, industrial service workers and other staff had a depression risk of 0.31 times (95%\u00a0CI\u00a00.15-0.65) and 0.38 times (95%\u00a0CI\u00a00.15-0.93).Conclusions:\u00a0600 questionnaire participants were psychologically stable. Non-anxiety and non-depression rates were 93.67% and 82.83%, respectively. There were anxiety in 6.33% and depression in 17.17%. Therefore, we should pay attention to the psychological states of the public."}, {"pmid": 32340097, "title": "[Comparison of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SARS, pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and COVID-19, and consideration on prevention and control strategies of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, H Q"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340097", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We compared the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and COVID-19 and found that COVID-19 was more contagious, more concealed in transmission, with greater infectious intensity and more severe clinical manifestations. If the COVID-19 epidemic is not effectively controlled, it will have a serious impact on human health, and even social development. Recognizing the characteristics of three diseases, especially COVID-19, and improving the disease awareness of COVID-19 will help better implement the guidelines of \"scientific prevention and treatment, precise implementation\" and prevent and control COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32344166, "pmcid": "PMC7182753", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic-a focused review for clinicians.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Cevik, M", "Bamford, C G G", "Ho, A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344166", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains a significant issue for global health, economics and society. A wealth of data has been generated since its emergence in December 2019, and it is vital for clinicians to keep up with this data from across the world at a time of uncertainty and constantly evolving guidelines and clinical practice. Here we provide an update for clinicians on the recent developments in the virology, diagnostics, clinical presentation, viral shedding, and treatment options for COVID-19 based on current literature. We considered published peer-reviewed papers and non-peer-reviewed pre-print manuscripts on COVID19 and related aspects with an emphasis on clinical management aspects. We describe the virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the clinical course of COVID-19 with an emphasis on diagnostic challenges, duration of viral shedding, severity markers and current treatment options. The key challenge in managing COVID-19 remains patient density. However, accurate diagnosis as well as early identification and management of high-risk severe cases are important for many clinicians. For improved management of cases, there is a need to understand test probability of serology, qRT-PCR and radiological testing, and the efficacy of available treatment options that could be used in severe cases with a high risk of mortality."}, {"pmid": 32289152, "pmcid": "PMC7155807", "title": "COVID-19 and emerging viral infections: The case for interferon lambda.", "journal": "J Exp Med", "authors": ["Prokunina-Olsson, Ludmila", "Alphonse, Noemie", "Dickenson, Ruth E", "Durbin, Joan E", "Glenn, Jeffrey S", "Hartmann, Rune", "Kotenko, Sergei V", "Lazear, Helen M", "O'Brien, Thomas R", "Odendall, Charlotte", "Onabajo, Olusegun O", "Piontkivska, Helen", "Santer, Deanna M", "Reich, Nancy C", "Wack, Andreas", "Zanoni, Ivan"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289152", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the first reports on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the scientific community working in the field of type III IFNs (IFN-\u03bb) realized that this class of IFNs could play an important role in this and other emerging viral infections. In this Viewpoint, we present our opinion on the benefits and potential limitations of using IFN-\u03bb to prevent, limit, and treat these dangerous viral infections."}, {"pmid": 32266867, "pmcid": "PMC7256351", "title": "In-silico homology assisted identification of inhibitor of RNA binding against 2019-nCoV N-protein (N terminal domain).", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Sarma, Phulen", "Shekhar, Nishant", "Prajapat, Manisha", "Avti, Pramod", "Kaur, Hardeep", "Kumar, Subodh", "Singh, Sanjay", "Kumar, Harish", "Prakash, Ajay", "Dhibar, Deba Prasad", "Medhi, Bikash"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266867", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The N terminal domain (NTD) of Nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of coronavirus (CoV) binds to the viral (+) sense RNA and results in CoV ribonucleoprotien (CoV RNP) complex, essential for the virus replication. In this study, the RNA-binding N terminal domain (NTD) of the N protein was targeted for the identification of possible inhibitors of RNA binding. Two NTD structures of N proteins were selected (2OFZ and 1SSK, 92% homology) for virtual screening of 56,079 compounds from Asinex and Maybridge library to identify top 15 hits for each of the targets based on 'docking score'. These top-hits were further screened for MM-GBSA binding free energy, pharmacokinetic properties (QikProp) and drug-likeness (SwissADME) and subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) studies. Two suitable binders (ZINC00003118440 and ZINC0000146942) against the target 2OFZ were identified. ZINC00003118440 is a theophylline derivative under the drug class 'bronchodilators' and further screening with approved bronchodilators was also studied to identify their ability to bind to the RNA binding region on the N protein. The other identified top hit is ZINC0000146942, which is a 3,4dihydropyrimidone class molecule. Hence this study suggests two important class of compounds, theophylline and pyrimidone derivaties as possible inhibitors of RNA binding to the N terminal domain of N protein of coronavirus, thus opening new avenues for in vitro validations.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32436460, "pmcid": "PMC7243041", "title": "TNFalpha inhibitor may be effective for severe COVID-19: learning from toxic epidermal necrolysis.", "journal": "Ther Adv Respir Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Xue-Yan", "Yan, Bing-Xi", "Man, Xiao-Yong"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436460", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increased inflammatory cytokines [such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u03b1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] are observed in COVID-19 patients, especially in the severe group. The phenomenon of a cytokine storm may be the central inducer of apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, which leads to rapid progression in severe group patients. Given the similarities of clinical features and pathogenesis between toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and COVID-19, we hypothesize that the application of etanercept, an inhibitor of TNF\u03b1, could attenuate disease progression in severe group COVID-19 patients by suppressing systemic auto-inflammatory responses. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section."}, {"pmid": 32346693, "pmcid": "PMC7170791", "title": "Letter to the editor: Staying True to the Calling of Geriatric Medicine Amid the Waves of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Cheong, C Y", "Yap, P L K"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346693", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32135585, "title": "[Prevention and control program on 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children's digestive endoscopy center].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32135585", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520599, "title": "Povidone-Iodine Use in Sinonasal and Oral Cavities: A Review of Safety in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Ear Nose Throat J", "authors": ["Frank, Samantha", "Capriotti, Joseph", "Brown, Seth M", "Tessema, Belachew"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520599", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Approaches to nasal and oral decontamination with povidone-iodine (PVP-I) have been published to reduce nosocomial spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The safety of PVP-I topically applied to the nasal and oral cavity is addressed by a literature review. The specific efficacy of PVP-I against coronaviruses and its potential efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 is discussed. A review was performed utilizing PubMed and Cochrane Databases. All citations in protocols for nasal and oral PVP-I use regarding COVID-19 were independently reviewed. Povidone-iodine has been safely administered for up to 5 months in the nasal cavity and 6 months in the oral cavity. Concentrations less than 2.5% in vitro do not reduce ciliary beat frequency or cause pathological changes in ciliated nasal epithelium, upper respiratory, or mucosal cells. Adverse events with oral use have not been reported in conscious adults or children. Allergy and contact sensitivity is rare. Chronic mucosal use up to 5% has not been shown to result in clinical thyroid disease. PVP-I is rapidly virucidal and inactivates coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Povidone-iodine can safely be used in the nose at concentrations up to 1.25% and in the mouth at concentrations up to 2.5% for up to 5 months. Povidone-iodine rapidly inactivates coronaviruses, including SARS and MERS, when applied for as little as 15 seconds. There is optimism that PVP-I can inactivate SARS-CoV-2, but in vitro efficacy has not yet been demonstrated."}, {"pmid": 32403983, "title": "Neurotropic mechanisms in COVID-19 and their potential influence on neuropsychological outcomes in children.", "journal": "Child Neuropsychol", "authors": ["Condie, Lois O"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403983", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Children have shown more physical resilience to COVID-19 than adults, but there is a cohort of vulnerable infants and young children who may experience disease burden, both in the acute phase and chronically. Children may have had early undocumented exposure to COVID-19. Even when the risk of exposure was known, developmental variables may have made the avoidance of physical proximity difficult for children. Preliminary hypotheses concerning neurotropic factors have been documented by researchers. Children with COVID-19 and comorbid physical or mental disorders may be vulnerable to exacerbations of neurotropic factors and comorbidities, the neural impact of which has been documented for other coronaviruses. Researchers are investigating COVID-19 symptom descriptions, neurotropic mechanisms at the genomic and transcriptomatic levels, neurological manifestations, and the impact of comorbid health complications. Neuropsychologists need information concerning the likely impact of COVID-19 on children. With a view toward that goal, this article provides recommendations for some initial updates in neuropsychology practice."}, {"pmid": 32316713, "pmcid": "PMC7210081", "title": "[Clinical Characteristics and Coping Strategies of Neoplasms with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection].", "journal": "Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhao, Nannan", "Shi, Jie", "Zeng, Lizhong", "Yang, Shuanying"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316713", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since mid-December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has outbroken in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and spread rapidly to other provinces in China and dozens of countries and regions around the world, becoming the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (Public Health Emergency of International Concern). SARS-CoV-2 can mainly transmit by droplets or close contact, and is generally susceptible in the crowd. Tumor patients are at high risk of this pathogen because of their impaired immune function. Identifying tumor patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) early, and understanding its distribution characteristics can help to improve the cure rate of patients, and better control the epidemic and development of SARS-CoV-2 much better. With comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, this paper reviews the clinical characteristics of neoplastic patients with COVID-19, and puts forward some suggestions on how to deal with this epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32476576, "title": "Identification of potential natural inhibitors of SARS-CoV2 main protease by molecular docking and simulation studies.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Gupta, Sanjay", "Singh, Atul Kumar", "Kushwaha, Prem Prakash", "Prajapati, Kumari Sunita", "Shuaib, Mohd", "Senapati, Sabyasachi", "Kumar, Shashank"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476576", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are contagious pathogens primarily responsible for respiratory and intestinal infections. Research efforts to develop antiviral agents against coronavirus demonstrated the main protease (Mpro) protein may represent effective drug target. X-ray crystallographic structure of the SARS-CoV2 Mpro protein demonstrated the significance of Glu166, Cys141, and His41 residues involved in protein dimerization and its catalytic function. We performed in silico screening of compounds from Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae family) against Mpro protein inhibition. Employing a combination of molecular docking, scoring functions, and molecular dynamics simulations, 267 compounds were screened by docking on Mpro crystallographic structure. Docking score and interaction profile analysis exhibited strong binding on the Mpro catalytic domain with compounds C1 (1E,6E)-1,2,6,7-tetrahydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione) and C2 (4Z,6E)-1,5-dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-4,6-dien-3-one as lead agents. Compound C1 and C2 showed minimum binding score (-9.08 and -8.07\u2009kcal/mole) against Mpro protein in comparison to shikonin and lopinavir (\u2248 -5.4\u2009kcal/mole) a standard Mpro inhibitor. Furthermore, principal component analysis, free energy landscape and protein-ligand energy calculation studies revealed that these two compounds strongly bind to the catalytic core of the Mpro protein with higher efficacy than lopinavir, a standard antiretroviral of the protease inhibitor class. Taken together, this structure based optimization has provided lead on two natural Mpro inhibitors for further testing and development as therapeutics against human coronavirus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32447630, "pmcid": "PMC7245181", "title": "COVID-19 and the nervous system.", "journal": "J Neurovirol", "authors": ["Berger, Joseph R"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447630", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A pandemic due to novel coronavirus arose in mid-December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and in 3\u00a0months' time swept the world. The disease has been referred to as COVID-19, and the causative agent has been labelled SARS-CoV-2 due to its genetic similarities to the virus (SARS-CoV-1) responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic nearly 20\u00a0years earlier. The spike proteins of both viruses dictate tissue tropism using the angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE-2) receptor to bind to cells. The ACE-2 receptor can be found in nervous system tissue and endothelial cells among the tissues of many other organs.Neurological complications have been observed with COVID-19. Myalgia and headache are relatively common, but serious neurological disease appears to be rare. No part of the neuraxis is spared. The neurological disorders occurring with COVID-19 may have many pathophysiological underpinnings. Some appear to be the consequence of direct viral invasion of the nervous system tissue, others arise as a postviral autoimmune process, and still others are the result of metabolic and systemic complications due to the associated critical illness. This review addresses the preliminary observations regarding the neurological disorders reported with COVID-19 to date and describes some of the disorders that are anticipated from prior experience with similar coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32218652, "pmcid": "PMC7095264", "title": "Is Pakistan prepared to tackle the coronavirus epidemic?", "journal": "Drugs Ther Perspect", "authors": ["Saqlain, Muhammad", "Munir, Muhammad Muddasir", "Ahmed, Ali", "Tahir, Azhar Hussain", "Kamran, Sohail"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218652", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434339, "title": "Testing for COVID-19: a few points to remember.", "journal": "Cas Lek Cesk", "authors": ["Kratka, Zuzana", "Luxova, Stepanka", "Malickova, Karin", "Furst, Tomas", "Simkova, Halina"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434339", "countries": ["Germany", "Czechia"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diagnostic approaches to COVID-19 include clinical history, PCR tests for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus and detection of antibodies. By combining these three approaches, the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can be examined in healthcare teams. The aim of the study was to examine the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a population of healthcare professionals 6 - 8 weeks after the first COVID-19 case was detected in the Czech Republic. A total of 269 subjects were enrolled in the study (187 women, 82 men) with a median age of 45.9 years (21 - 71 years). We used a questionnaire to ascertain travel history and clinical signs of any respiratory tract infection. Blood samples were collected, and IgG levels were analysed in all samples. The level of IgA antibodies was analysed in those positive for IgG. PCR testing was performed in cases testing positive for presence of antibodies. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test system for SARS-CoV-2 from Euroimmun (Germany) was used to analyse immunoglobulin levels. 17 % of the tested cohort reported symptoms compatible with COVID-19 and 35.8\u00a0% reported history of international travel. There were 5 subjects positive IgG cases (of 269; 1.85\u00a0%), and one IgA positive and IgG borderline positive subject (0.37\u00a0%). There was only one PCR positive subject. Anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were thus detected in 2.22% of participating health professionals. This article shows the pitfalls of the testing methods and highlights the necessity of using a correct testing algorithm, considering the character of the tested population and the expected low prevalence."}, {"pmid": 32523611, "pmcid": "PMC7255468", "title": "A brief note on randomized controlled trials and compassionate/off-label use of drugs in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Drugs Context", "authors": ["Bassetti, Matteo", "Pelosi, Paolo", "Robba, Chiara", "Vena, Antonio", "Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523611", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the best way to find effective and acceptable safe treatments for COVID-19 and any possible future outbreak. However, caution is needed when comparing the number of participants in RCTs with that of patients with COVID-19 treated with compassionate and/or off-label drugs to support the hypothesis that the latter are preferred by clinicians as an alternative to the former."}, {"pmid": 32349962, "pmcid": "PMC7212818", "title": "Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences From Western China.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Hong, Zhen", "Li, Nian", "Li, Dajiang", "Li, Junhua", "Li, Bing", "Xiong, Weixi", "Lu, Lu", "Li, Weimin", "Zhou, Dong"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349962", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disasters and pandemics pose unique challenges to health care delivery. As health care resources continue to be stretched due to the increasing burden of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, telemedicine, including tele-education, may be an effective way to rationally allocate medical resources. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a multimodal telemedicine network in Sichuan Province in Western China was activated immediately after the first outbreak in January 2020. The network synergizes a newly established 5G service, a smartphone app, and an existing telemedicine system. Telemedicine was demonstrated to be feasible, acceptable, and effective in Western China, and allowed for significant improvements in health care outcomes. The success of telemedicine here may be a useful reference for other parts of the world."}, {"pmid": 32176257, "pmcid": "PMC7081171", "title": "COVID-19 and the Risk to Health Care Workers: A Case Report.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Ng, Kangqi", "Poon, Beng Hoong", "Kiat Puar, Troy Hai", "Shan Quah, Jessica Li", "Loh, Wann Jia", "Wong, Yu Jun", "Tan, Thean Yen", "Raghuram, Jagadesan"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176257", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364561, "title": "Randomized Clinical Trials and COVID-19: Managing Expectations.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bauchner, Howard", "Fontanarosa, Phil B"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364561", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446342, "pmcid": "PMC7241994", "title": "The first Global Pneumonia Forum: recommendations in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Bassat, Quique", "Watkins, Kevin", "Peterson, Stefan", "Bijleveld, Pascal", "Detjen, Anne", "Winn, Jessica", "Wright, Simon", "Kyrillou, Androulla", "Fanjul, Gonzalo", "Casamitjana, Nuria", "Greenslade, Leith"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446342", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442003, "title": "Cyberinsights: COVID-19 and What It Means for Cybersecurity.", "journal": "Biomed Instrum Technol", "authors": ["Wirth, Axel"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442003", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509006, "pmcid": "PMC7271730", "title": "COVID-19 related stress exacerbates common physical and mental pathologies and affects treatment (Review).", "journal": "Exp Ther Med", "authors": ["Tsamakis, Konstantinos", "S Triantafyllis, Andreas", "Tsiptsios, Dimitrios", "Spartalis, Eleftherios", "Mueller, Christoph", "Tsamakis, Charalampos", "Chaidou, Sofia", "A Spandidos, Demetrios", "Fotis, Lampros", "Economou, Marina", "Rizos, Emmanouil"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509006", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global public health emergency resulting in unprecedented individual and societal fear and anxiety. The stress surrounding this biothreat appears to have clinical implications in all aspects of medicine, both in mental and physical health spheres. The impact of COVID-19 related anxiety in Cardiology, Paediatrics, Oncology, Dermatology, Neurology and Mental Health and how it affects treatments is discussed. Moreover, the need for introducing novel communication and therapeutic approaches is highlighted in the new landscape of the COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32469074, "title": "Paying Participants in COVID-19 Trials.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Largent, Emily A", "Lynch, Holly Fernandez"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469074", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A variety of trials are in development and underway to examine potential interventions for the treatment and prophylaxis of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). How should we think about offering payment to participants in these trials? Payment for research participation is ethically contentious even under ideal circumstances, and pandemics are far from ideal. Here, we review the three functions of research payment-reimbursement, compensation, and incentive-and identify heightened and novel ethical concerns in the context of a global pandemic. We argue that COVID-19 trial participants should usually be offered reimbursement for research-related expenses, as well as compensation for their time and effort, as is true for other types of research under usual circumstances. Given increased risk of undue influence against pandemic background conditions, incentive payment should be avoided unless essential to recruitment and retention in important trials whose social value outweighs this risk. Where essential, however, incentives can be ethically permissible, so long as reasonable efforts are made to minimize the possibility of undue influence."}, {"pmid": 32360185, "pmcid": "PMC7187829", "title": "Exercise and Fitness in the Age of Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Nyenhuis, Sharmilee M", "Greiwe, Justin", "Zeiger, Joanna S", "Nanda, Anil", "Cooke, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360185", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433796, "title": "Robotic-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Tabaza, Luai", "Virk, Hafeez Ul Hassan", "Janzer, Sean", "George, Jon C"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433796", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the biggest global health threat in the 21st century. We describe a case of a patient with suspected COVID-19 who needed urgent coronary artery interrogation, in which we utilized robotic assistance to minimize the risk of exposure to COVID-19 and reduced personal protective equipment needed by the procedural team."}, {"pmid": 32409434, "title": "Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Thomas, George"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409434", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Concerns have been raised about the potential for renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors to upregulate expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and thus increase susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry. Currently, there is no evidence that even if RAS inhibitors increase expression and activity of ACE2, that they would increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by facilitating greater viral entry or worsen outcomes in patients with COVID-19. At this time, there is no clinical evidence to suggest that treatment with RAS inhibitors should be discontinued in stable patients with COVID-19. In hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, decisions about these medications should be based on clinical condition, including hemodynamic status and renal function."}, {"pmid": 32108160, "pmcid": "PMC7095779", "title": "Emergence of a novel human coronavirus threatening human health.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Poon, Leo L M", "Peiris, Malik"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108160", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404591, "title": "COVID-19: Intubation kit, intubation team or intubation spots?", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Sorbello, M", "Morello, G", "Pintaudi, S", "Cataldo, R"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404591", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500510, "pmcid": "PMC7271828", "title": "Radiological management of COVID-19: structure your diagnostic path to guarantee a safe path.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Stramare, Roberto", "Carretta, Giovanni", "Capizzi, Alfio", "Boemo, Deris Gianni", "Contessa, Cristina", "Motta, Raffaella", "De Conti, Giorgio", "Causin, Francesco", "Giraudo, Chiara", "Donato, Daniele"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500510", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 outbreak is requiring a tremendous effort not only regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic approach but also in terms of global management of the delivered care. Hospital administrations had to provide a prompt response to a rapidly evolving emergency characterized by the necessity of giving access to an enormous number of infected patients, guaranteeing appropriate care to patients in need of other types of treatment, and simultaneously preserving the well-being of healthcare providers. To optimize the diagnostic pathway during the current COVID-19 outbreak, the hospital administration of our tertiary center applied a highly structured framework assigning specific tasks to the different units composing the Department of Imaging. In particular, since the beginning of the pandemic, a mobile CT scanner in a truck was rented and became operative for all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and another CT was assigned for all suspected cases. The success and efficacy of the management applied by our administration is demonstrated by the fact that during the outbreak, the radiological workflow was never interrupted. In fact, despite the national lockdown only a 29.3% decrease of CT scans occurred compared to the previous year. Moreover, none of the healthcare providers of the Department contracted the infection at work. Thus, according to the experience gained in our center, we recommend to all hospital administrations facing the COVID-19 outbreak to promptly adapt their resources, creating precise and safe pathways for their diagnostic units."}, {"pmid": 32506512, "title": "Redundancy and methodological issues in articles on COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Papes, Dino", "Jeroncic, Ana", "Ozimec, Elizabeta"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506512", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the seriousness of the current pandemic, logical and critical thinking, common sense and method remain the mainstay of biomedicine. Unfortunately, the panic caused by the disease has led many to abandon those principles. Some scientists have used the situation to publish substandard articles that would never get published in normal times as journals publish quickly (and gain citations), without proper review and level of criticism. This situation has been used by medical equipment manufacturers and pharmaceutical industry as well, to promote publication of biased sponsored articles."}, {"pmid": 32495576, "title": "[Visual analysis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) studies based on bibliometrics].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Ying", "Guo, Yi-Bo", "Guo, Ran", "Chen, Xiu-Fen", "Chang, Guan-Hua", "Li, Xin", "Hao, Li-Yu", "Sun, Zhi-Rong", "Zhang, Zi-Long"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495576", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the development of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), this study systematically retrieved relevant Chinese and English literatures from both CNKI and Web of Science database platforms by bibliometric research method and CiteSpace 5.5.R2 software to obtain information and visualize relevant literatures. A total of 695 Chinese and 446 English literatures were included in this paper. Statistics showed that China had published most of the literatures and established close cooperation with the United States and the United Kingdom. Through the analysis, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and its affiliated hospitals published the largest number of the publications. Moreover, the highly productive journals including Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and The Lancet covered eight major fields, such as medicine, medical virology, radiation medicine, infectious disease, and traditional Chinese medicine. Besides, a total of 35 special COVID-19 funds were recently established to subsidize these studies. The key words and themes analysis indicated that protein structure of COVID-19, receptor targets and mechanisms of action, integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, screening and development of antiviral drugs from traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, vaccine research as well as epidemiological characteristics and prediction are current study hotspots. This study provides a reference for researchers to rapidly master main study directions of COVID-19 and screen out relevant literatures."}, {"pmid": 32425639, "pmcid": "PMC7233210", "title": "Acute pulmonary embolism mimicking COVID - 19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Overhoff, Daniel", "Walter, Thomas", "Gruettner, Joachim", "Janssen, Sonja", "Riffel, Julia", "Hoffmann, Ursula", "Schoenberg, Stefan O", "Riffel, Philipp"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425639", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516624, "title": "Readability of online patient education material for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a cross-sectional health literacy study.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Szmuda, T", "Ozdemir, C", "Ali, S", "Singh, A", "Syed, M T", "Sloniewski, P"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516624", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The internet has become one of the most important resources for the general population when searching for healthcare information. However, the information available is not always suitable for all readers because of its difficult readability. We sought to assess the readability of online information regarding the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and establish whether they follow the patient educational information reading level recommendations. This is a cross-sectional study. We searched five key terms on Google and the first 30 results from each of the searches were considered for analysis. Five validated readability tests were utilized to establish the reading level for each article. Of the 150 gathered articles, 61 met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated. None (0%) of the articles met the recommended 5th to 6th grade reading level (of an 11-12-year-old). The mean readability scores were Flesch Reading Ease 44.14, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level 12.04, Gunning-Fog Index 14.27, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook SMOG Index 10.71, and Coleman-Liau Index 12.69. Online educational articles on COVID-19 provide information too difficult to read for the general population. The readability of articles regarding COVID-19 and other diseases needs to improve so that the general population may understand health information better and may respond adequately to protect themselves and limit the spread of infection."}, {"pmid": 32369605, "pmcid": "PMC7267368", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection anxieties and general population restrictions delay diagnosis and treatment of acute haematological malignancies.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Molica, Matteo", "Mazzone, Carla", "Cordone, Iole", "Pasquale, Alessia", "Niscola, Pasquale", "de Fabritiis, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369605", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528819, "pmcid": "PMC7282420", "title": "Coronavirus Disease-19: Quarantine Framework for Travelers Entering Korea.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528819", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "South Korea is operating a flexible quarantine management system which is based on the results of epidemiological investigations of patients arriving from overseas with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), and closely monitoring COVID-19 outbreaks. South Korea has designated countries with a localized, high prevalence of infection as \"quarantine inspection required areas\" and has reinforced quarantine measures by applying special immigration procedures for people entering South Korea. Furthermore, South Korea also provides information on international travel history of entrants (who are South Korean citizens and foreign nationals) to all medical institutions, through the smart quarantine information system. On March 11th 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. Inevitably, the number of patients from overseas with COVID-19 (based on 10,000 people entering South Korea), increased to 10 cases in the second week of March, 37 cases in the third week, and 67.7 cases in the fourth week. However, after enforcing quarantine strengthening measures, and with a decrease in the number of people entering the country, the number of cases decreased to 52.0 in the first week of April."}, {"pmid": 32464665, "title": "Democracy, Capacity, and Coercion in Pandemic Response-COVID 19 in Comparative Political Perspective.", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Kavanagh, Matthew M", "Singh, Renu"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464665", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged governments around the world. It has also challenged conventional wisdom and empirical understandings in the comparative politics and policy of health. Three major questions present themselves: First, some of the countries considered to be the most prepared-having the greatest capacity for outbreak response-have failed to respond effectively to the pandemic. How should our understanding of capacity shift in light of COVID-19, and how can we incorporate political capacity into thinking about pandemic preparedness? Second, several of the mechanisms through which democracy has been shown to be beneficial for health have not traveled well to explain the performance of governments in this pandemic. Is there an authoritarian advantage in disease response? Third, after decades in which coercive public health measures have increasingly been considered counterproductive, COVID-19 has inspired widespread embrace of rigid lockdowns, isolation, and quarantine enforced by police. Will these measures prove effective in the long run and reshape public health thinking? This article explores some of these questions with emerging examples, even amid the pandemic when it is too soon to draw conclusions."}, {"pmid": 32475018, "title": "Social-economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic on aesthetic centers in Greece.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Biskanaki, Foteini", "Rallis, Epsilonfstathios", "Andreou, Epsilonleni", "Sfiri, Epsilonleni", "Tertipi, Nuiki", "Kefala, Vasiliki"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475018", "countries": ["Greece"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Epidemics are a major cause of health problems in developing countries, preventing the accumulation of human capital and economic growth. On the appearance of the pandemic of the new coronavirus COVID-19 worldwide, this survey was carried out in the 4th week of the occurrence of the cases in Greece. The investigation was aimed at the social and economic impact caused by this COVID-19 pandemic and the state's decision to suspend the operation of businesses and stores in Greece. One hundred and fifth-eight aesthetic centers from various areas of Greece were participated in this study, and the questionnaires were sent electronically to the business owners. Statistical analyzes were conducted using Google Forms and the questionnaires analyzed through PSPP software. Based on their answers and the statistical analyzes, it was calculated the reduction of the monthly income for the first month of suspension of the operation of their companies. Additionally, social related matters were examined as, how they experience this period, psychologically, financially, what problems they believe that they will face and what changes in their work that could result from the pandemic. There is no similar study and experience for aesthetic centers from a viral pandemic in literature. The suspension of operations provoked serious financial problems and significant psychological burden about what \"tomorrow will bring\" with returning to \"normalcy\"."}, {"pmid": 32363223, "pmcid": "PMC7195040", "title": "Genomics functional analysis and drug screening of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Genes Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Long", "Zhong, Li"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363223", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus appeared in Wuhan, China has led to major outbreaks. Recently, rapid classification of virus species, analysis of genome and screening for effective drugs are the most important tasks. In the present study, through literature review, sequence alignment, ORF identification, motif recognition, secondary and tertiary structure prediction, the whole genome of SARS-CoV-2 were comprehensively analyzed. To find effective drugs, the parameters of binding sites were calculated by SeeSAR. In addition, potential miRNAs were predicted according to RNA base-pairing. After prediction by using NCBI, WebMGA and GeneMark and comparison, a total of 8 credible ORFs were detected. Even the whole genome have great difference with other CoVs, each ORF has high homology with SARS-CoVs (>90%). Furthermore, domain composition in each ORFs was also similar to SARS. In the DrugBank database, only 7 potential drugs were screened based on the sequence search module. Further predicted binding sites between drug and ORFs revealed that 2-(N-Morpholino)-ethanesulfonic acid could bind 1# ORF in 4 different regions ideally. Meanwhile, both benzyl (2-oxopropyl) carbamate and 4-(dimehylamina) benzoic acid have bene demonstrated to inhibit SARS-CoV infection effectively. Interestingly, 2 miRNAs (miR-1307-3p and miR-3613-5p) were predicted to prevent virus replication via targeting 3'-UTR of the genome or as biomarkers. In conclusion, the novel coronavirus may have consanguinity with SARS. Drugs used to treat SARS may also be effective against the novel virus. In addition, altering miRNA expression may become a potential therapeutic schedule."}, {"pmid": 32325930, "pmcid": "PMC7232522", "title": "Nipah Virus: Past Outbreaks and Future Containment.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Soman Pillai, Vinod", "Krishna, Gayathri", "Valiya Veettil, Mohanan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325930", "countries": ["India", "Bangladesh", "Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viral outbreaks of varying frequencies and severities have caused panic and havoc across the globe throughout history. Influenza, small pox, measles, and yellow fever reverberated for centuries, causing huge burden for economies. The twenty-first century witnessed the most pathogenic and contagious virus outbreaks of zoonotic origin including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Ebola virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Nipah virus. Nipah is considered one of the world's deadliest viruses with the heaviest mortality rates in some instances. It is known to cause encephalitis, with cases of acute respiratory distress turning fatal. Various factors contribute to the onset and spread of the virus. All through the infected zone, various strategies to tackle and enhance the surveillance and awareness with greater emphasis on personal hygiene has been formulated. This review discusses the recent outbreaks of Nipah virus in Malaysia, Bangladesh and India, the routes of transmission, prevention and control measures employed along with possible reasons behind the outbreaks, and the precautionary measures to be ensured by private-public undertakings to contain and ensure a lower incidence in the future."}, {"pmid": 32402114, "pmcid": "PMC7273086", "title": "Managing ocular allergy in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Leonardi, Andrea", "Fauquert, Jean L", "Doan, Serge", "Delgado, Luis", "Andant, Nicolas", "Klimek, Ludger", "Bozkurt, Banu"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402114", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373997, "title": "Outbreak of COVID-19 infection in children: fear and serenity.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Pavone, P", "Ceccarelli, M", "Taibi, R", "La Rocca, G", "Nunnari, G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373997", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 greatly involves the resources of the global healthcare system, as it affects newborns, adults, and elders. This infection runs in three major stages: a mild cold-like illness, a moderate respiratory syndrome and a severe acute interstitial pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to have a more benign evolution in children. As a matter of fact, low susceptibility and minor aggressivity have been highlighted in most cases. There are currently no effective antiviral drugs treatment for the affected children. No sufficient results have been reached by the use of interferon (IFN), lopinavir/ritonavir, orbidol, and oseltamivir in the treatment of the coronaviruses infection. The aim of this short review is to highlight the differences existing between COVID-19 cases in adults and children."}, {"pmid": 32293833, "pmcid": "PMC7195975", "title": "Emerging and reemerging respiratory viral infections up to Covid-19", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Celik, Ilhami", "Saatci, Esma", "Eyuboglu, Aysegul Fusun"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293833", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infectious diseases remain as the significant causes of human and animal morbidity and mortality, leading to extensive outbreaks and epidemics. Acute respiratory viral diseases claim over 4 million deaths and cause millions of hospitalizations in developing countries every year. Emerging viruses, especially the RNA viruses, are more pathogenic since most people have no herd immunity. The RNA viruses can adapt to the rapidly changing global and local environment due to the high error rate of their polymerases that replicate their genomes. Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is determined as an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan. Herein we discuss emerging and reemerging respiratory viral infections till to SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32432896, "title": "Respiratory Mechanics and Gas Exchange in COVID-19 Associated Respiratory Failure.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Schenck, Edward J", "Hoffman, Katherine", "Goyal, Parag", "Choi, Justin", "Torres, Lisa", "Rajwani, Kapil", "Tam, Christopher W", "Ivascu, Natalia", "Martinez, Fernando J", "Berlin, David A"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432896", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424845, "title": "Artemisia annua: Trials are needed for COVID-19.", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Haq, Faiz Ul", "Roman, Muhammad", "Ahmad, Kashif", "Rahman, Saeed Ur", "Shah, Syed Murtaza Ali", "Suleman, Naveed", "Ullah, Sami", "Ahmad, Iftekhar", "Ullah, Wajahat"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424845", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a number of pneumonia cases associated with 2019 novel coronavirus occurred in Wuhan, China. Later taxonomist name the virus SARS-CoV-2 and disease called COVID-19. No approved vaccine or treatment are available for this virus. Current technical guide is related to address therapeutic option for SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 is great challenge for scientist across the globe. Bioactive compound present in Artemisia annua against, hepatitis B virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and Epstein-Barr virus. A. annua have shown significant activity against SARS coronavirus that occur in 2002. This agent is cheap and easily available and will be of great value if they have efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Scientific attention is needed toward this agent to address for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32528815, "pmcid": "PMC7282418", "title": "Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Point Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Genome.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "authors": ["Kim, Jun-Sub", "Jang, Jun-Hyeong", "Kim, Jeong-Min", "Chung, Yoon-Seok", "Yoo, Cheon-Kwon", "Han, Myung-Guk"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528815", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has been rapidly spreading worldwide. Although the causal relationship among mutations and the features of SARS-CoV-2 such as rapid transmission, pathogenicity, and tropism, remains unclear, our results of genomic mutations in SARS-CoV-2 may help to interpret the interaction between genomic characterization in SARS-CoV-2 and infectivity with the host. A total of 4,254 genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were collected from the Global Initiative on Sharing all Influenza Data (GISAID). Multiple sequence alignment for phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomic approach for mutation analysis were conducted using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA), and an in-house program based on Perl language, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 strains indicated that there were 3 major clades including S, V, and G, and 2 subclades (G.1 and G.2). There were 767 types of synonymous and 1,352 types of non-synonymous mutation. ORF1a, ORF1b, S, and N genes were detected at high frequency, whereas ORF7b and E genes exhibited low frequency. In the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S gene, 11 non-synonymous mutations were observed in the region adjacent to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding site. It has been reported that the rapid infectivity and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 associated with host receptor affinity are derived from several mutations in its genes. Without these genetic mutations to enhance evolutionary adaptation, species recognition, host receptor affinity, and pathogenicity, it would not survive. It is expected that our results could provide an important clue in understanding the genomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32405054, "title": "Coping with COVID-19: scaling up virtual care to standard practice.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Barsom, Esther Z", "Feenstra, Tim M", "Bemelman, Willem A", "Bonjer, Jaap H", "Schijven, Marlies P"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405054", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32151320, "pmcid": "PMC7128679", "title": "Managing neonates with respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["De Luca, Daniele"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32151320", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220177, "title": "[Epidemiology, Treatment, and Epidemic Prevention and Control of the Coronavirus Disease 2019: a Review].", "journal": "Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Luan, Rong-Sheng", "Wang, Xin", "Sun, Xin", "Chen, Xing-Shu", "Zhou, Tao", "Liu, Quan-Hui", "Lu, Xin", "Wu, Xian-Ping", "Gu, Dong-Qing", "Tang, Ming-Shuang", "Cui, Hui-Jie", "Shan, Xue-Feng", "Ouyang, Jing", "Zhang, Ben", "Zhang, Wei", "Sichuan University Covid-, Emergency Research Group"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220177", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review summarizes the ongoing researches regarding etiology, epidemiology, transmission dynamics, treatment, and prevention and control strategies of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with comparison to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and pandemic H1N1 virus. SARS-CoV-2 may be originated from bats, and the patients and asymptomatic carriers are the source of epidemic infection. The virus can be transmitted human-to-human through droplets and close contact, and people at all ages are susceptible to this virus. The main clinical symptoms of the patients are fever and cough, accompanied with leukocytopenia and lymphocytopenia. Effective drugs have been not yet available thus far. In terms of the prevention and control strategies, vaccine development as the primary prevention should be accelerated. Regarding the secondary prevention, ongoing efforts of the infected patients and close contacts quarantine, mask wearing promotion, regular disinfection in public places should be continued. Meanwhile, rapid detection kit for serological monitoring of the virus in general population is expected so as to achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early isolation and early treatment. In addition, public health education on this disease and prevention should be enhanced so as to mitigate panic and mobilize the public to jointly combat the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32420674, "pmcid": "PMC7267122", "title": "Three months of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Rafiq, Danish", "Batool, Asiya", "Bazaz, M A"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420674", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2019), reminiscent of the 2002-SARS-CoV outbreak, has completely isolated countries, disrupted health systems and partially paralyzed international trade and travel. In order to be better equipped to anticipate transmission of this virus to new regions, it is imperative to track the progress of the virus over time. This review analyses information on progression of the pandemic in the past 3\u2009months and systematically discusses the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2019 virus including its epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, and clinical manifestations. Furthermore, the review also encompasses some recently proposed conceptual models that estimate the spread of this disease based on the basic reproductive number for better prevention and control procedures. Finally, we shed light on how the virus has endangered the global economy, impacting it both from the supply and demand side."}, {"pmid": 32454084, "pmcid": "PMC7245211", "title": "Distant learning of BLS amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Influence of the outbreak on lay trainees' willingness to attempt CPR, and the motivating effect of the training.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Birkun, Alexei"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393526, "title": "A strategic approach to COVID-19 vaccine R&D.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Corey, Lawrence", "Mascola, John R", "Fauci, Anthony S", "Collins, Francis S"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393526", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305592, "pmcid": "PMC7162780", "title": "Alert to Potential Contagiousness: A Case of Lung Cancer With Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Ouyang, Wen", "Yu, Jing", "Zhang, Junhong", "Xie, Conghua"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305592", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32029435, "title": "Coronavirus: doctor who faced backlash from police after warning of outbreak dies.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32029435", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234150, "title": "[Interpretation of \"Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection by the National Health Commission (Trial Version 5)\"].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Lin, L", "Li, T S"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234150", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353355, "pmcid": "PMC7185012", "title": "Commentary: Testosterone, a key hormone in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Pozzilli, Paolo", "Lenzi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353355", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532945, "title": "Risk of hepatic failure in COVID-19 patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Samidoust, Pirouz", "Samidoust, Aryan", "Samadani, Ali Akbar", "Khoshdoz, Sara"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532945", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Liver injury has been reported to occur during the disease in severe cases. Therefore, this meta-analysis study aims to investigate the incidence of liver injury among published literature from 2019-Jan-01 to 2020-April-03 to provide an outline for further studies on the liver injury of COVID-19. Four databases including Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Scopus were searched for studies published from 2019-Jan-01 to 2020-April-03. Data analysis and drawing of charts were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Version 2.2 (Biostat, USA). The search yielded 450 publications, of which 64 potentially eligible studies were identified for full-text review and 21 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria remained. A total of 4191 COVID-19 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of liver injury was 19.5% (95% CI: 14.3-26.1). According to our results, there was significant heterogeneity among the 19 studies (X2 = 738.5; p < 0.001; I2 = 94.34%). Among 288 death cases, the pooled prevalence of liver injury was 22.8% (95% CI: 11.7-39.8). In summary, the COVID-19 disease itself can result in severe and even fatal respiratory diseases and even may lead to ARDS and multiple organ failure. The results of this systematic review highlight the importance of liver injury that may assist clinicians anywhere in the globe in controlling COVID-19-related infection and complications. Moreover, the prevalence of liver injury can be higher in severe cases than in mild cases."}, {"pmid": 32205872, "title": "Coronavirus tests: researchers chase new diagnostics to fight the pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Subbaraman, Nidhi"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205872", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469633, "title": "What We Need to Consider During and After the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis", "authors": ["Valdivia-Granda, Willy A", "Richt, Jurgen A"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469633", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Even though extreme containment and mitigation strategies were implemented by numerous governments around the world to slow down the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the number of critically ill patients and fatalities keeps rising. This crisis has highlighted the socioeconomic disparities of health care systems within and among countries. As new CoVID policies and responses are implemented to lessen the impact of the virus, it is imperative (1) to consider additional mitigation strategies critical for the development of effective countermeasures, (2) to promote long-term policies and strict regulations of the trade of wildlife and live animal markets, and (3) to advocate for necessary funding and investments in global health, specifically for the prevention of and response to natural and manmade pandemics. This document considers some of these challenges."}, {"pmid": 32179533, "title": "Covid-19: medical schools are urged to fast-track final year students.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179533", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519743, "title": "Reduction in effective reproduction number of COVID-19 is higher in countries employing active case detection with prompt isolation.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Wilasang, Chaiwat", "Sararat, Chayanin", "Jitsuk, Natcha C", "Yolai, Noppamas", "Thammawijaya, Panithee", "Auewarakul, Prasert", "Modchang, Charin"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519743", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Countries that implemented liberal testing with active case finding and prompt isolation, combined with contact tracing and quarantine, were more successful in reducing the reproduction number compared to countries that primarily relied on social distancing and lockdown measures."}, {"pmid": 32382246, "pmcid": "PMC7196038", "title": "Costs vs benefits of tackling COVID-19.", "journal": "PharmacoEcon Outcomes News", "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382246", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306406, "pmcid": "PMC7264667", "title": "Advanced forecasting of SARS-CoV-2-related deaths in Italy, Germany, Spain, and New York State.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Sotgiu, Giovanni", "Gerli, Alberto G", "Centanni, Stefano", "Miozzo, Monica", "Canonica, G Walter", "B Soriano, Joan", "Virchow, J Christian"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306406", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy", "United States", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386902, "pmcid": "PMC7190488", "title": "[How to approach follow-up of uveitis patients during the Covid-19 pandemic?]", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Touhami, S", "Saadoun, D", "Kodjikian, L", "Bodaghi, B"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386902", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212240, "pmcid": "PMC7166410", "title": "Disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Lillicrap, David"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212240", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417567, "pmcid": "PMC7203034", "title": "Non-COVID-19 visits to emergency departments during the pandemic: the impact of fear.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Mantica, Guglielmo", "Riccardi, Niccolo", "Terrone, Carlo", "Gratarola, Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417567", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492212, "title": "Retest positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA of \"recovered\" patients with COVID-19: Persistence, sampling issues, or re-infection?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kang, Hanyujie", "Wang, Yishan", "Tong, Zhaohui", "Liu, Xuefeng"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492212", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\"Retest Positive\" for severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) from \"recovered\" coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has been reported and raised several important questions for this novel coronavirus and COVID-19 disease. In this commentary, we discussed several questions: (a)\u00a0Can SARS-CoV-2 re-infect the individuals who recovered from COVID-19? This question is also associated with other questions: whether or not SARS-CoV-2 infection induces protective reaction or neutralized antibody? Will SARS-CoV-2 vaccines work? (b) Why could some recovered patients with COVID-19 be re-tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA? (c) Are some recovered pwith atients COVID-19 with re-testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA infectious? and (d) How should the COVID-19 patients with retest positive for SARS-CoV-2 be managed?"}, {"pmid": 32376101, "pmcid": "PMC7151468", "title": "Association Between Hypoxemia and Mortality in Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Xie, Jiang", "Covassin, Naima", "Fan, Zhengyang", "Singh, Prachi", "Gao, Wei", "Li, Guangxi", "Kara, Tomas", "Somers, Virend K"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376101", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify markers associated with in-hospital death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pneumonia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 140 patients with moderate to critical COVID-19-associated pneumonia requiring oxygen supplementation admitted to the hospital from January 28, 2020, through February 28, 2020, and followed up through March 13, 2020, in Union Hospital, Wuhan, China. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and other measures were tested as predictors of in-hospital mortality in survival analysis. Of 140 patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia, 72 (51.4%) were men, with a median age of 60 years. Patients with SpO2 values of 90% or less were older and were more likely to be men, to have hypertension, and to present with dyspnea than those with SpO2 values greater than 90%. Overall, 36 patients (25.7%) died during hospitalization after median 14-day follow-up. Higher SpO2 levels after oxygen supplementation were associated with reduced mortality independently of age and sex (hazard ratio per 1-U SpO2, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.91 to 0.95; P<.001). The SpO2 cutoff value of 90.5% yielded 84.6% sensitivity and 97.2% specificity for prediction of survival. Dyspnea was also independently associated with death in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.24 to 5.43; P=.01). In this cohort of patients with COVID-19, hypoxemia was independently associated with in-hospital mortality. These results may help guide the clinical management of patients with severe COVID-19, particularly in settings requiring strategic allocation of limited critical care resources. Chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2000030852."}, {"pmid": 32267987, "pmcid": "PMC7235481", "title": "Immune responses and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 during an outbreak in Iran: Comparison with SARS and MERS.", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Rokni, Mohsen", "Ghasemi, Vida", "Tavakoli, Zahra"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267987", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19, an outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, an important pathogen for humans. There is an urgent need to better understand this new virus and to develop ways to control its spread. In Iran, the first case of the COVID-19 was reported after spread from China and other countries. Fever, cough, and fatigue were the most common symptoms of this virus. In worldwide, the incubation period of COVID-19 was 3 to 7\u2009days and approximately 80% of infections are mild or asymptomatic, 15% are severe, requiring oxygen, and 5% are critical infections, requiring ventilation. To mount an antiviral response, the innate immune system recognizes molecular structures that are produced by the invasion of the virus. COVID-19 infection induces IgG antibodies against N protein that can be detected by serum as early as day 4 after the onset of disease and with most patients seroconverting by day 14. Laboratory evidence of clinical patients showed that a specific T-cell response against SARS-CoV-2 is important for the recognition and killing of infected cells, particularly in the lungs of infected individuals. At present, there is no specific antiviral therapy for COVID-19 and the main treatments are supportive. In this review, we investigated the innate and acquired immune responses in patients who recovered from COVID-19, which could inform the design of prophylactic vaccines and immunotherapy for the future."}, {"pmid": 32527713, "title": "In Silico computational screening of Kabasura Kudineer - Official Siddha Formulation and JACOM against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.", "journal": "J Ayurveda Integr Med", "authors": ["Kiran, Gangarapu", "Karthik, L", "Shree Devi, M S", "Sathiyarajeswaran, P", "Kanakavalli, K", "Kumar, K M", "Ramesh Kumar, D"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527713", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Siddha Medicine is a valuable therapeutic choice which is classically used for treating viral respiratory infections, this principle of medicine is proven to contain antiviral compounds. The study is aimed to execute the In Silico computational studies of phytoconstituents of Siddha official formulation Kabasura Kudineer and novel herbal preparation - JACOM which are commonly used in treating viral fever and respiratory infectious diseases and could be affective against the ongoing pandemic novel corona virus disease SARS-CoV-2. Cresset Flare software was used for molecular docking studies against the spike protein SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID: 6VSB). Further, we also conducted insilico prediction studies on the pharmacokinetics (ADME) properties and the safety profile in order to identify the best drug candidates by using online pkCSM and SwissADME web servers. Totally 37 compounds were screened, of these 9 compounds showed high binding affinity against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. All the phytoconstituents were free from carcinogenic and tumorigenic properties. Based on these, we proposed the new formulation called as \"SNACK-V\" CONCLUSION: Based on further experiments and clinical trials, these formulations could be used for effective treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32420609, "title": "Clinical Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Haemato-oncology Patients.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Aries, James A", "Davies, Jeffrey K", "Auer, Rebecca L", "Hallam, Simon L", "Montoto, Silvia", "Smith, Matthew", "Sevillano, Belen", "Foggo, Vanessa", "Wrench, Bela", "Zegocki, Krzysztof", "Agrawal, Samir", "Le Dieu, Rifca", "Truelove, Edward", "Erblich, Thomas", "Araf, Shamzah", "Okosun, Jessica", "Oakervee, Heather", "Cavenagh, Jamie D", "Gribben, John G", "Riches, John C"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420609", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305441, "pmcid": "PMC7161474", "title": "Overzealous hand hygiene during the COVID 19 pandemic causing an increased incidence of hand eczema among general population.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Singh, Mehak", "Pawar, Manoj", "Bothra, Atul", "Choudhary, Nishant"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305441", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522816, "title": "Covid-19: Clinicians must be able to access all test results, pathologists say.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522816", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348052, "title": "[Drugs that aggravate the course of COVID-19 : really ?]", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Rothuizen, Laura E", "Livio, Francoise", "Buclin, Thierry"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348052", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The safety of NSAIDs, corticosteroids and renin-angiotensin inhibitors in COVID-19 is challenged. NSAIDs may interfere with the defense process against viral infection and are best avoided. Systemic corticosteroids have not shown benefit in viral infection, including other coronavirus; thus they should be avoided, unless prescribed for another indication. The benefit-risk ratio is however clearly in favor of continuing inhaled corticosteroids in patients with asthma or COPD. ACE inhibitors and sartans upregulate the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the pulmonary receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Any possible clinical impact of these treatments on COVID-19 infection remains to be clarified; in the meantime, they should be continued."}, {"pmid": 32289051, "pmcid": "PMC7129441", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia manifestations at the admission on chest ultrasound, radiographs, and CT: single-center study and comprehensive radiologic literature review.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol Open", "authors": ["Lomoro, Pascal", "Verde, Francesco", "Zerboni, Filippo", "Simonetti, Igino", "Borghi, Claudia", "Fachinetti, Camilla", "Natalizi, Anna", "Martegani, Alberto"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289051", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the imaging features of emerging COVID-19 pneumonia on chest ultrasound (US), radiographs (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) examinations performed at admission and to provide a comprehensive radiological literature review on ongoing radiological data from recent publications. In this retrospective single-center study, we enrolled consecutive patients from February 15, 2020, to March 15, 2020, with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized in Valduce Hospital (Como, Italy). Multi-modality imaging findings were evaluated and compared. Literature research was conducted through a methodical search on Pubmed and Embase databases. Fifty-eight patients (36 men, 22 women; age range, 18-98 years) were included in the study. Among these, chest US, CXR, and CT were performed respectively in twenty-two, thirty-two and forty-two patients. Lung US findings were consistent with diffuse B lines (100%) and subpleural consolidations (27.3%). CXR showed prevalent manifestations of consolidations (46.9%) and hazy increased opacities (37.5%). Typical CT features included bilateral and multilobar ground-glass opacities (GGO) with (59.5%) and without (35.7%) consolidations having a predominantly peripheral distribution (64.3%). Other imaging features included crazy paving pattern (57.1%), fibrous stripes (50%), subpleural lines (35.7%), architectural distortion (28.6%), air bronchogram sign (26.2%), vascular thickening (23.8%) and nodules (2.4%). Also, enlarged lymph nodes (14.3 %) and pleural effusion (7.1%) were observed. The literature review identified twenty-six original studies supporting our imaging chest findings. The spectrum of chest imaging manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia upon admission includes B-lines and consolidations on US, consolidations and hazy increased opacities on CXR, and multifocal GGO with consolidations on CT."}, {"pmid": 32223768, "pmcid": "PMC7211802", "title": "Fast nosocomial spread of SARS-CoV2 in a French geriatric unit Lyon Study Group on Covid-19 infection.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Vanhems, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223768", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lyon Study Group on Covid19 infection (Geriatric section- Alphabetic order): Adrait, A, Benoist F, Castel-Kremer E, Chuzeville M, Dupin AC, Doh S, Kim B, Favrelle L, Hilliquin D, Kanafer N, Marion E, Martin-Gaujard G, Moyenin Y, Paulet-Lafuma H, Ricanet A, Saadatian-Elahi M, Vanhems P."}, {"pmid": 32519285, "title": "Lessons from Operations Management to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Patrinley, James Randall Jr", "Berkowitz, Sean T", "Zakria, Danny", "Totten, Douglas J", "Kurtulus, Mumin", "Drolet, Brian C"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519285", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399516, "pmcid": "PMC7216125", "title": "Description of Covid-19 Cases in Brazil and Italy.", "journal": "SN Compr Clin Med", "authors": ["de Souza Ferreira, Luiz Philipe", "Valente, Thiago Maciel", "Tiraboschi, Fernanda Assuncao", "da Silva, Guilherme Pinheiro Ferreira"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399516", "countries": ["China", "Brazil", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of Covid-19 started in China and has rapidly spread across the globe, notably in Italy and more recently to Brazil. This is a very worrying situation for the affected countries. This Brief Communication aims to describe and correlate the number of confirmed cases and deaths of Covid-19 in Brazil and Italy. This is a descriptive and retrospective study that used data collated on the World Health Organization (WHO) online platform between 21 January and 19 April 2020. After analyzing the data, it was observed that the number of confirmed cases and deaths in Brazil is lower than that in Italy. There are certain factors in Brazil which see it in a lower risk position than Italy; however, despite the current slow spread of the virus, the situation in Brazil is difficult to predict."}, {"pmid": 32472347, "pmcid": "PMC7257353", "title": "Compliance and Psychological Impact of Quarantine in Children and Adolescents due to Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Saurabh, Kumar", "Ranjan, Shilpi"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472347", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine a cohort of children and adolescents quarantined during Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in India and to describe their understanding of, compliance with and the psychological impact of quarantine experience. One hundred twenty one children and adolescents along with their parents were interviewed regarding their compliance and psychological distress during the quarantine period. A comparable data was also obtained from 131 children and adolescents who were not quarantined. Most of the children and adolescents were non-compliant as compliance with all requirements was low (7.43%), though compliance with community protective measures (17.35%) was better than compliance with household protective measures (10.71%). Quarantined children and adolescents experienced greater psychological distress than non-quarantined children and adolescents (p \u02c20.001). Worry (68.59%), helplessness (66.11%) and fear (61.98%) were the most common feelings experienced under quarantine. The low compliance with quarantine requirements as seen in this study raises a serious concern about the effectiveness of quarantine as a preventive measure of disease transmission. Compliance and mental health problems can be improved by providing adequate financial support and enhanced knowledge about pandemic planning."}, {"pmid": 32346491, "pmcid": "PMC7185795", "title": "Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19: An Open-Label Control Study.", "journal": "Engineering (Beijing)", "authors": ["Cai, Qingxian", "Yang, Minghui", "Liu, Dongjing", "Chen, Jun", "Shu, Dan", "Xia, Junxia", "Liao, Xuejiao", "Gu, Yuanbo", "Cai, Qiue", "Yang, Yang", "Shen, Chenguang", "Li, Xiaohe", "Peng, Ling", "Huang, Deliang", "Zhang, Jing", "Zhang, Shurong", "Wang, Fuxiang", "Liu, Jiaye", "Chen, Li", "Chen, Shuyan", "Wang, Zhaoqin", "Zhang, Zheng", "Cao, Ruiyuan", "Zhong, Wu", "Liu, Yingxia", "Liu, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346491", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported in China since December 2019. More than 16% of patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the fatality ratio was about 1%-2%. No specific treatment has been reported. Herein, we examine the effects of Favipiravir (FPV) versus Lopinavir (LPV)/ritonavir (RTV) for the treatment of COVID-19. Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who received oral FPV (Day 1: 1600\u00a0mg twice daily; Days 2-14: 600\u00a0mg twice daily) plus interferon (IFN)-\u03b1 by aerosol inhalation (5 million U twice daily) were included in the FPV arm of this study, whereas patients who were treated with LPV/RTV (Days 1-14: 400\u00a0mg/100\u00a0mg twice daily) plus IFN-\u03b1 by aerosol inhalation (5 million U twice daily) were included in the control arm. Changes in chest computed tomography (CT), viral clearance, and drug safety were compared between the two groups. For the 35 patients enrolled in the FPV arm and the 45 patients in the control arm, all baseline characteristics were comparable between the two arms. A shorter viral clearance time was found for the FPV arm versus the control arm (median (interquartile range, IQR), 4 (2.5-9) d versus 11 (8-13) d, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). The FPV arm also showed significant improvement in chest imaging compared with the control arm, with an improvement rate of 91.43% versus 62.22% (P\u00a0=\u00a00.004). After adjustment for potential confounders, the FPV arm also showed a significantly higher improvement rate in chest imaging. Multivariable Cox regression showed that FPV was independently associated with faster viral clearance. In addition, fewer adverse reactions were found in the FPV arm than in the control arm. In this open-label nonrandomized control study, FPV showed significantly better treatment effects on COVID-19 in terms of disease progression and viral clearance; if causal, these results should be important information for establishing standard treatment guidelines to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32505846, "title": "The use of ibuprofen to treat fever in COVID-19: A possible indirect association with worse outcome?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Jamerson, Brenda D", "Haryadi, T Ho"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505846", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fever has been reported as a common symptom occurring in COVID-19 illness. Over the counter antipyretics such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen are often taken by individuals to reduce the discomfort of fever. Recently, the safety of ibuprofen in COVID-19 patients has been questioned due to anecdotal reports of worsening symptoms in previously healthy young adults. Studies show that ibuprofen demonstrates superior efficacy in fever reduction compared to acetaminophen. As fever may have benefit in shortening the duration of viral illness, it is plausible to hypothesize that the antipyretic efficacy of ibuprofen may be hindering the benefits of a fever response when taken during the early stages of COVID-19 illness."}, {"pmid": 32418066, "pmcid": "PMC7229433", "title": "Correction to: Venous thromboembolism and heparin use in COVID-19 patients: juggling between pragmatic choices, suggestions of medical societies and the lack of guidelines.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Porfidia, Angelo", "Pola, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418066", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the original version of the article, the article title was processed incorrectly. The correct article title is \"Venous Thromboembolism and Heparin Use in COVID-19 Patients: Juggling between Pragmatic Choices, Suggestions of Medical Societies and the Lack of Guidelines\". This has been corrected with this erratum and the original article has also been updated to reflect the change in article title."}, {"pmid": 32522278, "title": "Cancer history is an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a propensity score-matched analysis.", "journal": "J Hematol Oncol", "authors": ["Meng, Yifan", "Lu, Wanrong", "Guo, Ensong", "Liu, Jia", "Yang, Bin", "Wu, Ping", "Lin, Shitong", "Peng, Ting", "Fu, Yu", "Li, Fuxia", "Wang, Zizhuo", "Li, Yuan", "Xiao, Rourou", "Liu, Chen", "Huang, Yuhan", "Lu, Funian", "Wu, Xue", "You, Lixin", "Ma, Ding", "Sun, Chaoyang", "Wu, Peng", "Chen, Gang"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522278", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although research on the effects of comorbidities on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is increasing, the risk of cancer history has not been evaluated for the mortality of patients with COVID-19. In this retrospective study, we included 3232 patients with pathogen-confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized between January 18th and March 27th, 2020, at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. Propensity score matching was used to minimize selection bias. In total, 2665 patients with complete clinical outcomes were analyzed. The impacts of age, sex, and comorbidities were evaluated separately using binary logistic regression analysis. The results showed that age, sex, and cancer history are independent risk factors for mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients with cancer exhibited a significant increase in mortality rate (29.4% vs. 10.2%, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the clinical outcomes of patients with hematological malignancies were worse, with a mortality rate twice that of patients with solid tumors (50% vs. 26.1%). Importantly, cancer patients with complications had a significantly higher risk of poor outcomes. One hundred nine cancer patients were matched to noncancer controls in a 1:3 ratio by propensity score matching. After propensity score matching, the cancer patients still had a higher risk of mortality than the matched noncancer patients (odds ratio (OR) 2.98, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.76-5.06). Additionally, elevations in ferritin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, procalcitonin, prothrombin time, interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were observed in cancer patients. We evaluated prognostic factors with epidemiological analysis and highlighted a higher risk of mortality for cancer patients with COVID-19. Importantly, cancer history was the only independent risk factor for COVID-19 among common comorbidities, while other comorbidities may act through other factors. Moreover, several laboratory parameters were significantly different between cancer patients and matched noncancer patients, which may indicate specific immune and inflammatory reactions in COVID-19 patients with cancer."}, {"pmid": 32275287, "title": "COVID-19 in Italy: impact of containment measures and prevalence estimates of infection in the general population.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Signorelli, Carlo", "Scognamiglio, Thea", "Odone, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275287", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy, the Italian Government implemented several restrictive measures to contain the spread of the infection. Data shows that, among these measures, the lockdown implemented as of 9 March had a positive impact, in particular\u00a0 the central and southern regions of Italy, while other actions appeared to be less effective. When the true prevalence of a disease is unknown, it is possible estimate it, based on mortality data and the assumptive case-fatality rate of the disease. Given these assumptions, the estimated period-prevalence of COVID-19 in Italy varies from 0.35% in Sicity to 13.3% in Lombardy."}, {"pmid": 32502255, "title": "Letter: COVID-19 and human reproduction: hypothesis need to be investigated.", "journal": "Mol Hum Reprod", "authors": ["Cavalcante, Marcelo Borges", "Sarno, Manoel", "da Silva, Arlley Cleverson Belo", "Barini, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502255", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422123, "pmcid": "PMC7228688", "title": "Use of herbal drugs to treat COVID-19 should be with caution.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Yang, Yichang"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422123", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312646, "pmcid": "PMC7165238", "title": "Physiotherapy management for COVID-19 in the acute hospital setting: clinical practice recommendations.", "journal": "J Physiother", "authors": ["Thomas, Peter", "Baldwin, Claire", "Bissett, Bernie", "Boden, Ianthe", "Gosselink, Rik", "Granger, Catherine L", "Hodgson, Carol", "Jones, Alice Ym", "Kho, Michelle E", "Moses, Rachael", "Ntoumenopoulos, George", "Parry, Selina M", "Patman, Shane", "van der Lee, Lisa"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312646", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This document outlines recommendations for physiotherapy management for COVID-19 in the acute hospital setting. It includes: recommendations for physiotherapy workforce planning and preparation; a screening tool for determining requirement for physiotherapy; and recommendations for the selection of physiotherapy treatments and personal protective equipment. It is intended for use by physiotherapists and other relevant stakeholders in the acute care setting caring for adult patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32281391, "title": "Loopholes in Current Infection Control and Prevention Practices Against COVID-19 in Radiology Department and Improvement Suggestions.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Yu, Juan", "Ding, Ning", "Chen, Huan", "Liu, Xia-Jing", "Pu, Zu-Hui", "Xu, Hua-Jian", "Lei, Yi", "Zhang, Han-Wen"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281391", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To improve the infection control and prevention practices against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in radiology department through loophole identification and providing rectifying measurements. Retrospective analysis of 2 cases of health-care-associated COVID-19 transmission in 2 radiology departments and comparing the infection control and prevention practices against COVID-19 with the practices of our department, where no COVID-19 transmission has occurred. Several loopholes have been identified in the infection control and prevention practices against COVID-19 of the 2 radiology departments. Loopholes were in large part due to our limited understanding of the highly contagious coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is characterized by features not observed in other SARS viruses. We recommend to set up an isolation zone for handling patients who do not meet the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19 but are not completely cleared of the possibility of infection. Loopholes in the infection control and prevention practices against COVID-19 of the 2 radiology departments are due to poor understanding of the emerging disease which can be fixed by establishing an isolation zone for patients not completely cleared of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32425491, "pmcid": "PMC7229959", "title": "[Pandemic COVID-19, the new health emergency of international concern: a review].", "journal": "Semergen", "authors": ["Crespo, Roland Mojica", "Morales Crespo, Mairim Melissa"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425491", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, some cases of atypical pneumonia, at that time of unknown origin, were reported in Wuhan, China. Days later, the etiologic agent was identified as a new coronavirus. This new coronavirus was called SARS-CoV-2 and the disease it produces was named COVID-19. The origin of this new virus is presumed zoonotic, with bats being its probable vector. Due to the rapid number of infections and deaths that occurred first in China and later around the world, the infection of this virus quickly went from being an isolated outbreak in a Chinese region to becoming a health emergency of international concern and later, a pandemic. The purpose of this review is to study the most relevant and current information on the pathogen, as well as epidemiology, pathology, clinical features, transmission, prevention, and treatment of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32377502, "pmcid": "PMC7201393", "title": "Ophthalmology Practice During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: The University of Pittsburgh Experience in Promoting Clinic Safety and Embracing Video Visits.", "journal": "Ophthalmol Ther", "authors": ["Williams, Andrew M", "Kalra, Gagan", "Commiskey, Patrick W", "Bowers, Eve M R", "Rudolph, Brian R", "Pitcher, Mary D", "Dansingani, Kunal K", "Jhanji, Vishal", "Nischal, Ken K", "Sahel, Jose-Alain", "Waxman, Evan L", "Fu, Roxana"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377502", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to widespread change as public health strategies for containment have emphasized social distancing and remaining at home. These policies have led to downscaled clinic volumes, cancellation of elective procedures, enhanced personal protective strategies in the clinic, and adoption of telemedicine encounters. We describe the evidence-based practical approach taken in our ophthalmology department to continue delivering eye care during the pandemic by rescheduling visits, enhancing clinic safety, and adopting virtual video encounters."}, {"pmid": 32388547, "pmcid": "PMC7224688", "title": "Plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: novel biomarker in heart failure with implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Oudit, Gavin Y", "Pfeffer, Marc A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388547", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403011, "pmcid": "PMC7198396", "title": "Case fatality rate in patients with COVID-19 infection and its relationship with length of follow up.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Giorgi Rossi, Paolo", "Broccoli, Serena", "Angelini, Paola"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403011", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500642, "title": "Histology of skin lesions establishes that the vesicular rash associated with COVID-19 is not \"varicella-like\".", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Mahe, A", "Birckel, E", "Merklen, C", "Lefebvre, P", "Hannedouche, C", "Jost, M", "Droy-Dupre, L"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500642", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several articles recently reported a \"varicella-like\" rash in patients with COVID-19 [1,2]. We observed similar cases at our institution. However, although we agree that the clinical picture is original, we reject that \"varicella-like\" denomination since clinical presentation, as well as some histologic features that we wish to report here for the first time, make it clearly different from varicella. Three patients with a vesicular rash associated with COVID-19 (RT-PCR test on a nasopharyngeal swab specimen positive for SARS-CoV-2 ARN) were seen at our institution in April, 2020. A biopsy of a vesicle was performed in each. Multiple levels with H&E stain were done; the slides were reviewed independently by two pathologists; only concordant data were validated. A test for SARS-CoV-2 was performed on a vesicle in two patients, and a direct immunofluorescence test on perilesional skin in one."}, {"pmid": 32275253, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 invades the West. How to face a COVID-19 epidemic in Lombardy, Northern Italy?", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Rizzi, Marco", "Castelli, Francesco", "Latronico, Nicola", "Foca, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275253", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Not available."}, {"pmid": 32357975, "title": "Early intervention likely improves mortality in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Goyal, Daniel K", "Mansab, Fatma", "Iqbal, Amir", "Bhatti, Sohail"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357975", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While some risk factors have been identified, the reasons for the disparities in disease progression with COVID-19 are unclear, with some patients developing progressive and severe disease while in others the course is benign. Given this sense of randomness, and in the absence of a definitive treatment, medical professionals can feel helpless. It is useful to remember how much can be done to affect the trajectory of illness, even without a 'magic bullet'. With evidence emerging that late presentation is directly associated with increased mortality, we make the case for increased vigilance in the community and earlier intervention."}, {"pmid": 32392647, "title": "Response to: Management of Traumatic Spinal Fracture in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation.", "journal": "Asian Spine J", "authors": ["Liawrungrueang, Wongthawat", "Sornsa-Ard, Tuanrit", "Niramitsantiphong, Anugoon"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392647", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429172, "title": "How Large Was the Mortality Increase Directly and Indirectly Caused by the COVID-19 Epidemic? An Analysis on All-Causes Mortality Data in Italy.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Magnani, Corrado", "Azzolina, Danila", "Gallo, Elisa", "Ferrante, Daniela", "Gregori, Dario"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429172", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: Overall mortality is a relevant indicator of the population burden during an epidemic. It informs on both undiagnosed cases and on the effects of health system disruption. Methods: We aimed at evaluating the extent of the total death excess during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy. Data from 4433 municipalities providing mortality reports until April 15th, 2020 were included for a total of 34.5 million residents from all Italian regions. Data were analyzed by region, sex and age, and compared to expected from 2015-2019. Results: In both genders, overall mortality was stable until February 2020 and abruptly increased from March 1st onwards. Within the municipalities studied, 77,339 deaths were observed in the period between March 1st to April 15th, 2020, in contrast to the 50,822.6 expected. The rate ratio was 1.11 before age 60 and 1.55 afterwards. Both sexes were affected. The excess was greater in the regions most affected by COVID-19 but always exceeded the deaths attributed to COVID-19. The extrapolation to the total Italian population suggests an excess of 45,033 deaths in the study period, while the number of COVID-19 deaths was 21,046. Conclusion: Our paper shows a large death excess during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy; greater than the number attributed to it. Possible causes included both the undetected cases and the disruption of the Health Service organization. Timely monitoring of overall mortality based on unbiased nationwide data is an essential tool for epidemic control."}, {"pmid": 32329972, "pmcid": "PMC7200054", "title": "Asymptomatic Transmission, the Achilles' Heel of Current Strategies to Control Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Gandhi, Monica", "Yokoe, Deborah S", "Havlir, Diane V"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329972", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495917, "title": "Viral kinetics and factors associated with rapid viral clearance during lopinavir/ritonavir-based combination therapy in non-severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Ding, J-G", "Li, J", "Hong, L", "Yu, X-Q", "Ye, E-L", "Sun, G-Q", "Zhang, X-X", "Chen, L", "Sun, Q-F"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495917", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lopinavir/ritonavir has modest antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The aim was to investigate the viral kinetics and factors associated with viral clearance during lopinavir/ritonavir-based combination treatment in non-severe patients. Sixty-four patients were retrospectively enrolled. Viral RNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR assay from sputum or throat swab samples at different time points. The patterns of viral kinetics were characterized, and factors associated with rapid viral clearance, which was defined as viral RNA undetectable within two weeks, were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analyses. All patients achieved viral RNA negativity and were discharged from the hospital. Furthermore, 48 (75%) and 16 (25%) patients achieved rapid and delayed viral clearance, respectively. The lymphocyte counts of rapid viral clearance patients (1.40 [1.20-1.80] \u00d7 109/L) were higher, when compared to delayed viral clearance patients (1.00 [0.70-1.47] \u00d7 109/L) (p=0.024). The multivariate logistic analysis revealed that high lymphocyte count (\u22651.3\u00d7109/L) is an independent factor associated with rapid viral clearance (OR=7.62, 95% CI=1.15-50.34, p=0.035). The viral shedding exhibited different patterns during treatment. Immune insufficiency is responsible for the delayed viral clearance, suggesting that an immunomodulator should be considered to promote viral clearance in patients with low lymphocyte counts."}, {"pmid": 32449107, "pmcid": "PMC7246219", "title": "Stay fit, don't quit: Geriatric Exercise Prescription in COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Aging Clin Exp Res", "authors": ["Lakicevic, Nemanja", "Moro, Tatiana", "Paoli, Antonio", "Roklicer, Roberto", "Trivic, Tatjana", "Cassar, Samuel", "Drid, Patrik"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449107", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32152612, "title": "On a knife's edge of a COVID-19 pandemic: is containment still possible?", "journal": "Public Health Res Pract", "authors": ["MacIntyre, C Raina"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152612", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402088, "pmcid": "PMC7239229", "title": "Commentary: COVID in Care Homes-Challenges and Dilemmas in Healthcare Delivery.", "journal": "Age Ageing", "authors": ["Gordon, Adam L", "Goodman, Claire", "Achterberg, Wilco", "Barker, Robert O", "Burns, Eileen", "Hanratty, Barbara", "Martin, Finbarr C", "Meyer, Julienne", "O'Neill, Desmond", "Schols, Jos", "Spilsbury, Karen"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402088", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected care home residents internationally, with 19-72% of COVID-19 deaths occurring in care homes. COVID-19 presents atypically in care home residents and up to 56% of residents may test positive whilst pre-symptomatic. In this article, we provide a commentary on challenges and dilemmas identified in the response to COVID-19 for care homes and their residents. We highlight the low sensitivity of PCR testing and the difficulties this poses for blanket screening and isolation of residents. We discuss quarantine of residents and the potential harms associated with this. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) supply for care homes during the pandemic has been suboptimal and we suggest that better integration of procurement and supply is required. Advance care planning has been challenged by the pandemic and there is a need to for healthcare staff to provide support to care homes with this. Finally, we discuss measures to implement augmented care in care homes, including treatment with oxygen and subcutaneous fluids, and the frameworks which will be required if these are to be sustainable. All of these challenges must be met by healthcare, social care and government agencies if care home residents and staff are to be physically and psychologically supported during this time of crisis for care homes."}, {"pmid": 32473642, "pmcid": "PMC7261036", "title": "Ivermectin, a new candidate therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob", "authors": ["Sharun, Khan", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Patel, Shailesh Kumar", "Pathak, Mamta", "Tiwari, Ruchi", "Singh, Bhoj Raj", "Sah, Ranjit", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "Leblebicioglu, Hakan"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473642", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491982, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection on Disposable Wooden Chopsticks, Hong Kong.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lui, Grace", "Lai, Christopher K C", "Chen, Zigui", "Tong, Sylvia L Y", "Ho, Wendy C S", "Yeung, Apple C M", "Boon, Siaw S", "Ng, Rita W Y", "Chan, Paul K S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491982", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA on disposable wooden chopsticks used by 5 consecutive asymptomatic and postsymptomatic patients admitted for isolation and care at our hospital. Although we did not assess virus viability, our findings may suggest potential for transmission through shared eating utensils."}, {"pmid": 32442527, "pmcid": "PMC7237177", "title": "Electron microscopy of SARS-CoV-2: a challenging task - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Varga, Zsuzsanna", "Flammer, Andreas J", "Steiger, Peter", "Haberecker, Martina", "Andermatt, Rea", "Zinkernagel, Annelies", "Mehra, Mandeep R", "Scholkmann, Felix", "Schupbach, Reto", "Ruschitzka, Frank", "Moch, Holger"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442527", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334904, "pmcid": "PMC7141468", "title": "A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Sun, Niuniu", "Wei, Luoqun", "Shi, Suling", "Jiao, Dandan", "Song, Runluo", "Ma, Lili", "Wang, Hongwei", "Wang, Chao", "Wang, Zhaoguo", "You, Yanli", "Liu, Shuhua", "Wang, Hongyun"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334904", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly, bringing pressure and challenges to nursing staff. To explore the psychology of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients. Using a phenomenological approach, we enrolled 20 nurses who provided care for COVID-19 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from January 20, to February 10, 2020. The interviews were conducted face-to-face or by telephone and were analysed by Colaizzi's 7-step method. The psychological experience of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients can be summarized into 4 themes. First, negative emotions present in early stage consisting of fatigue, discomfort, and helplessness was caused by high-intensity work, fear and anxiety, and concern for patients and family members. Second, self-coping styles included psychological and life adjustment, altruistic acts, team support, and rational cognition. Third, we found growth under pressure, which included increased affection and gratefulness, development of professional responsibility, and self-reflection. Finally, we showed that positive emotions occurred simultaneously with negative emotions. During an epidemic outbreak, positive and negative emotions of the front-line nurses interweaved and coexisted. In the early stage, negative emotions were dominant and positive emotions appeared gradually. Self-coping styles and psychological growth played an important role in maintaining mental health of nurses."}, {"pmid": 32205090, "pmcid": "PMC7156133", "title": "Interrupting COVID-19 transmission by implementing enhanced traffic control bundling: Implications for global prevention and control efforts.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Yen, Muh-Yong", "Schwartz, Jonathan", "Chen, Shey-Ying", "King, Chwan-Chuen", "Yang, Guang-Yang", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205090", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We argue that enhanced Traffic Control Bundling (eTCB) can interrupt the community-hospital-community transmission cycle, thereby limiting COVID-19's impact. Enhanced TCB is an expansion of the traditional TCB that proved highly effective during Taiwan's 2003 SARS outbreak. TCB's success derived from ensuring that Health Care Workers (HCWs) and patients were protected from fomite, contact and droplet transmission within hospitals. Although TCB proved successful during SARS, achieving a similar level of success with the COVID-19 outbreak requires adapting TCB to the unique manifestations of this new disease. These manifestations include asymptomatic infection, a hyper-affinity to ACE2 receptors resulting in high transmissibility, false negatives, and an incubation period of up to 22 days. Enhanced TCB incorporates the necessary adaptations. In particular, eTCB includes expanding the TCB transition zone to incorporate a new sector - the quarantine ward. This ward houses patients exhibiting atypical manifestations or awaiting definitive diagnosis. A second adaptation involves enhancing the checkpoint hand disinfection and gowning up with Personal Protective Equipment deployed in traditional TCB. Under eTCB, checkpoint hand disinfection and donning of face masks are now required of all visitors who seek to enter hospitals. These enhancements ensure that transmissions by droplets, fomites and contact are disrupted both within hospitals and between hospitals and the broader community. Evidencing eTCB effectiveness is Taiwan's success to date in containing and controlling the community-hospital-community transmission cycle."}, {"pmid": 32423583, "pmcid": "PMC7200129", "title": "Acute limb ischaemia in two young, non-atherosclerotic patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Perini, Paolo", "Nabulsi, Bilal", "Massoni, Claudio Bianchini", "Azzarone, Matteo", "Freyrie, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423583", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352362, "title": "Management strategies for patients with autoimmune diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective from China.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Liu, Yu", "Chang, Christopher", "Lu, Qianjin"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352362", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279462, "pmcid": "PMC7262108", "title": "Dead Body Management in Times of Covid-19 and its Potential Impact on the Availability of Cadavers for Medical Education in India.", "journal": "Anat Sci Educ", "authors": ["Ravi, Kumar Satish"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279462", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476261, "title": "Tocilizumab therapy in five solid and composite tissue transplant recipients with early ARDS due to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Morillas, Jose A", "Marco Canosa, Francisco", "Srinivas, Pavithra", "Asadi, Tannaz", "Calabrese, Casandra", "Rajendram, Prabalini", "Budev, Marie", "Poggio, Emilio D", "Narayanan Menon, K V", "Gastman, Brian", "Koval, Christine"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476261", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is emerging data depicting the clinical presentation of COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients but negligible data-driven guidance on clinical management. A biphasic course has been described in some infected with SARS-CoV-2, beginning with a flu-like illness followed by an intense inflammatory response characterized by elevated c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with high mortality. The exuberant and possibly dysregulated immune response has prompted interest in therapeutic agents that target the cytokines involved, particularly IL-6. Tocilizumab is an IL-6 receptor antagonist with a record of use for a variety of rheumatologic conditions and cytokine release syndrome due to CAR T-cell therapy but experience in solid organ and composite tissue transplant recipients (SOT/CTTRs) with SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS has not been previously reported in detail. We present the clinical course of five SOT/CTTRs with SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS that received tocilizumab with favorable short-term outcomes in four. Responses were characterized by reductions in CRP, discontinuation of vasopressors, improved oxygenation and respiratory mechanics, and variable duration of ventilator support. Four bacterial infections occurred within two weeks of tocilizumab administration. We discuss safety concerns and the need for randomized comparative trials to delineate tocilizumab's clinical utility in this population."}, {"pmid": 32354670, "pmcid": "PMC7142685", "title": "A Brief Review of Lung Ultrasonography in COVID-19: Is It Useful?", "journal": "Ann Emerg Med", "authors": ["Fiala, Matthew J"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354670", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422645, "title": "Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Pinto, Dora", "Park, Young-Jun", "Beltramello, Martina", "Walls, Alexandra C", "Tortorici, M Alejandra", "Bianchi, Siro", "Jaconi, Stefano", "Culap, Katja", "Zatta, Fabrizia", "De Marco, Anna", "Peter, Alessia", "Guarino, Barbara", "Spreafico, Roberto", "Cameroni, Elisabetta", "Case, James Brett", "Chen, Rita E", "Havenar-Daughton, Colin", "Snell, Gyorgy", "Telenti, Amalio", "Virgin, Herbert W", "Lanzavecchia, Antonio", "Diamond, Michael S", "Fink, Katja", "Veesler, David", "Corti, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422645", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerged coronavirus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic that has resulted in more than 3.7 million infections and 260,000 deaths as of 6\u00a0May 20201,2. Vaccine and therapeutic discovery efforts are paramount to curb the pandemic spread of this zoonotic virus. The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein promotes entry into host cells and is the main target of neutralizing antibodies. Here we describe multiple monoclonal antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 S identified from memory B cells of an individual who was infected with SARS-CoV in 2003. One antibody, named S309, potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV pseudoviruses as well as authentic SARS-CoV-2 by engaging the S receptor-binding domain. Using cryo-electron microscopy and binding assays, we show that S309 recognizes a glycan-containing epitope that is conserved within the sarbecovirus subgenus, without competing with receptor attachment. Antibody cocktails including S309 along with other antibodies identified here further enhanced SARS-CoV-2 neutralization and may limit the emergence of neutralization-escape mutants. These results pave the way for using S309- and S309-containing antibody cocktails for prophylaxis in individuals at high risk of exposure or as a post-exposure therapy to limit or treat severe disease."}, {"pmid": 32507608, "title": "Hepatic consequences of COVID-19 infection. Lapping or biting?", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Portincasa, Piero", "Krawczyk, Marcin", "Machill, Antonia", "Lammert, Frank", "Di Ciaula, Agostino"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507608", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) starting last December in China placed emphasis on liver involvement during infection. This review discusses the underlying mechanisms linking COVID-19 to liver dysfunction, according to recent available information, while waiting further studies. The manifestations of liver damage are usually mild (moderately elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase activities), and generally asymptomatic. Few patients can still develop severe liver problems, and therapeutic options can be limited. Liver dysfunction may affect about one-third of the patients, with prevalence greater in men than women, and in elderly. Mechanisms of damage are complex and include direct cholangiocyte damage and other coexisting conditions such as the use of antiviral drugs, systemic inflammatory response, respiratory distress syndrome-induced hypoxia, sepsis, and multiple organ dysfunction. During new COVID-19 infections, liver injury may be observed. If liver involvement appears during COVID-19 infection, however, attention is required. This is particularly true if patients are older or have a pre-existing history of liver diseases. During COVID-19 infection, the onset of liver damage impairs the prognosis, and hospital stay is longer."}, {"pmid": 32402996, "pmcid": "PMC7182517", "title": "Thrombotic complications of patients admitted to intensive care with COVID-19 at a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Thomas, W", "Varley, J", "Johnston, A", "Symington, E", "Robinson, M", "Sheares, K", "Lavinio, A", "Besser, M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402996", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303022, "title": "COVID-19 Crisis as a Collective Hero's Journey to Better Public and Global Mental Health.", "journal": "Psychiatr Danub", "authors": ["Jakovljevic, Miro"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303022", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317139, "pmcid": "PMC7161480", "title": "Consideration of povidone-iodine as a public health intervention for COVID-19: Utilization as \"Personal Protective Equipment\" for frontline providers exposed in high-risk head and neck and skull base oncology care.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Mady, Leila J", "Kubik, Mark W", "Baddour, Khalil", "Snyderman, Carl H", "Rowan, Nicholas R"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317139", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515399, "title": "Fighting pandemics: Inspiration from Islam.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Ashraf, Hamid", "Faraz, Ahmad", "Raihan, Md", "Kalra, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515399", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infectious disease has killed more people than any other cause throughout history. The current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has again revealed how vulnerable we remain. Muslims constitute the world's second-largest religious group, making up about a quarter of the world population. They have distinctive faith and culture, pertaining to their religious beliefs and practices that need special attention, in situations such as current COVID-19 pandemic. Congregational prayers are an indispensable part of Islamic culture. Performance of obligatory prayers in congregation is compulsory and mandatory for every Muslim adult male who has no excuse for not doing so. But, doing so during a pandemic can help in the spread of the COVID-19. Muslims look up to the Holy Qur'an and teachings of Prophet (PBUH) (Hadiths) for guidance under all the circumstances. In this review we will cover how Islamic teaching can guide us to manage pandemics like COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32409210, "pmcid": "PMC7200342", "title": "Coexistence of COVID-19 and acute ischemic stroke report of four cases.", "journal": "J Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Tunc, Abdulkadir", "Unlubas, Yonca", "Alemdar, Murat", "Akyuz, Enes"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409210", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are revealed to target the human respiratory system mainly. However, they also have neuro-invasive abilities and might spread from the respiratory system to the central nervous system. Herein, we report four patients with COVID-19 simultaneously diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke. There were four stroke cases with simultaneously diagnosis of Covid-19 till the April 14, 2020 in the city of Sakarya, Turkey. They were aged between 45 and 77\u00a0years. All four cases were likely to have contracted the virus in Sakarya. The patients had all commonly reported symptoms of Covid-19. Three patients have elevated D-dimer levels, and two of them had high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. They were managed symptomatically for both the infection and the stroke. Our findings suggest that ischemic cerebrovascular diseases may simultaneously develop in the course of Covid-19 independently of the critical disease process. Increased inflammation predicted by CRP and D-dimer levels may play a role in the formation of ischemia. In particular, elder patients with prothrombotic risk factors should also be considered for the signs of cerebrovascular events in addition to infectious symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32301745, "title": "Comparison of throat swabs and sputum specimens for viral nucleic acid detection in 52 cases of novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2)-infected pneumonia (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Lin, Chenyao", "Xiang, Jie", "Yan, Mingzhe", "Li, Hongze", "Huang, Shuang", "Shen, Changxin"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301745", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, China. Laboratory-based diagnostic tests utilized real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on throat samples. This study evaluated the diagnostic value to analyzing throat and sputum samples in order to improve accuracy and detection efficiency. Methods Paired specimens of throat swabs and sputum were obtained from 54 cases, and RNA was extracted and tested for 2019-nCoV (equated with SARS-CoV-2) by the RT-PCR assay. Results The positive rates of 2019-nCoV from sputum specimens and throat swabs were 76.9% and 44.2%, respectively. Sputum specimens showed a significantly higher positive rate than throat swabs in detecting viral nucleic acid using the RT-PCR assay (p\u2009=\u20090.001). Conclusions The detection rates of 2019-nCoV from sputum specimens were significantly higher than those from throat swabs. We suggest that sputum would benefit for the detection of 2019-nCoV in patients who produce sputum. The results can facilitate the selection of specimens and increase the accuracy of diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32423888, "pmcid": "PMC7207103", "title": "Clinical characteristics and changes of chest CT features in 307 patients with common COVID-19 pneumonia infected SARS-CoV-2: A multicenter study in Jiangsu, China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shang, Yalei", "Xu, Chuanjun", "Jiang, Fengli", "Huang, Renjun", "Li, Yonggang", "Zhou, Ying", "Xu, Feng", "Dai, Hui"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423888", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The study was aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and evaluate the dynamic changes of chest CT features in the first three weeks in the common type fo COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Jiangsu Province. 307 patients infected SARS-CoV-2 classified as common type were enrolled in the study. 628 chest CT scans were divided into three groups based on the time interval between symptoms and chest CT scan. The clinical characteristics were descriptively analyzed.The chest CT features were quantitatively evaluated. Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the differences in three groups and between men and women. Spearman rank correlation was used to test the association between the arterial blood gas(ABG) analysis results and chest CT scores. Fever (69.1%) and cough (62.8%) were common symptoms. 111(36.2%) patients were anorexia. GGO was the most common manifestation of COVID-19 pneumonia, which could be followed by consolidation and fibrosis. Lower lobe or subpleural region was the most common distribution form of lesion. More lung lobes were involved in the third week. Total chest CT scores in the second week were higher than the first week. Fibrosis Scores increased in the second and third week. Total CT score, GGO score and fibrosis score of male patients were significantly higher than female in the second week. Male patients had higher consolidation score and fibrosis score than female in the third week. Total CT score and GGO score had weak to moderate correlation with arterial blood gas indices. Changes in chest CT were difficult to assess quantitatively in the first third weeks. Male patients recovered slower than female in the second week. Although CT score had correlations with arterial blood gas indices, long-term follow-up of pulmonary function test is needed to determine the recovery of lung."}, {"pmid": 32377507, "pmcid": "PMC7199681", "title": "A Cautionary Tale of False-Negative Nasopharyngeal COVID-19 Testing.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Bullis, Sean S M", "Crothers, Jessica W", "Wayne, Shawn", "Hale, Andrew J"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377507", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There remains diagnostic uncertainty regarding the sensitivity of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal specimens. We present a case where two nasopharyngeal specimens were negative, followed by a positive sputum sample. Serial testing for COVID-19 is indicated in patients with high pretest probability of disease."}, {"pmid": 32489026, "title": "[Intervention mechanism of Qingwen Baidu Yin on cytokine storm based on network pharmacology].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Feng-Rong", "Zhu, Na", "Li, Zhi-Yong", "Tang, Shi-Huan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489026", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this paper was to explore the intervention mechanism of Qingwen Baidu Yin in cytokine storm based on network pharmacology. TCMSP and TCMIP V2.0 server were used to predict all chemical components and action targets of Qingwen Baidu Yin. Diseases that could be treated by Qingwen Baidu Yin were predicted through Enrichr database. A compound target interaction(PPI) network diagram was constructed using STRING 11.0. OmicShare was used to analyzed the gene ontology(GO) enrichment and enrichment of the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway of core targets. Component-target-path network diagram was constructed with Cytoscape 3.6.0 software. After analysis of the database, 267 compounds were screened for Qingwen Baidu Yin, involving 1 450 targets, and a protein interaction network was constructed. Total 219 core target proteins were predicted, such as NFKB1, STAT1, RAF1, IL2, JAK1, IL6, TNF, BCL2 and other important targets, and 221 core target pathways were enriched, including cancer pathway, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus infection, chemokine signal pathway, PI3 K-AKT signal pathway, EB virus infection, virus carcinogenesis and T cell receptor signaling pathways, a collection of which were highly related to cytokine storms. GO annotation analysis suggested that Qingwen Baidu Yin Decoction may exert therapeutic effects by regulating protein phosphorylation, cell response to cytokine stimulation, cell proliferation, inflammatory response, transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways. This study revealed potential active components of Qingwen Baidu Yin in defending against cytokine storm and its possible mechanism of action, and provided theoretical basis and technical support for further clinical application of this prescription."}, {"pmid": 32362041, "pmcid": "PMC7267312", "title": "Estimated effect of COVID-19 lockdown on melanoma thickness and prognosis: a rate of growth model.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Tejera-Vaquerizo, A", "Nagore, E"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362041", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283124, "pmcid": "PMC7151384", "title": "Reduction in ST-Segment Elevation Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Activations in the United States During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Garcia, Santiago", "Albaghdadi, Mazen S", "Meraj, Perwaiz M", "Schmidt, Christian", "Garberich, Ross", "Jaffer, Farouc A", "Dixon, Simon", "Rade, Jeffrey J", "Tannenbaum, Mark", "Chambers, Jenny", "Huang, Paul P", "Henry, Timothy D"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283124", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380803, "title": "COVID-19 and clinical mimics. Correct diagnosis is the key to appropriate therapy.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Mishra, Ajay Kumar", "Martin, Kevin", "Chastain, Iryana"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380803", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of 29 April 2020, across the globe, there are 3,216,353 confirmed Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 disease) with 227,894 deaths. The health care infrastructure of most of the countries is overwhelmed due to the gigantic upsurge of the new cases within a short time period. Most of the beds in the regular wards and critical care units are currently occupied by either people under investigation (PUI) or COVID-19 confirmed cases. We hereby discuss the challenges faced while approaching any case of shortness of breath, or other common upper respiratory symptoms during the current COVID-19 pandemic era."}, {"pmid": 32515367, "title": "COVID-19 National Pakistan Guidelines: Radiological Society of Pakistan (RSP) Recommendations Regarding Utilisation of Chest Imaging.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Khan, Aman Nawaz", "Din, Najam Ud", "Umer, Ummara Siddique"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515367", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313158, "title": "How COVID-19 lockdowns could lead to a kinder research culture.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Derrick, Gemma"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313158", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515684, "title": "Patterns of IgG and IgM antibody response in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Xuemei", "Wang, Jing", "Xu, Xiaolei", "Liao, Guojian", "Chen, Yaokai", "Hu, Chang-Hua"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515684", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32174068, "pmcid": "PMC7073318", "title": "Will the Third Wave of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Really Come in Korea?", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Yoo, Jin Hong"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174068", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234132, "title": "[First case of neonate with COVID-19 in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zeng, L K", "Tao, X W", "Yuan, W H", "Wang, J", "Liu, X", "Liu, Z S"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234132", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213332, "pmcid": "PMC7158571", "title": "Interventions to mitigate early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore: a modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Koo, Joel R", "Cook, Alex R", "Park, Minah", "Sun, Yinxiaohe", "Sun, Haoyang", "Lim, Jue Tao", "Tam, Clarence", "Dickens, Borame L"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213332", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak began in the Chinese city of Wuhan on Dec 31, 2019, 68 imported cases and 175 locally acquired infections have been reported in Singapore. We aimed to investigate options for early intervention in Singapore should local containment (eg, preventing disease spread through contact tracing efforts) be unsuccessful. We adapted an influenza epidemic simulation model to estimate the likelihood of human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a simulated Singaporean population. Using this model, we estimated the cumulative number of SARS-CoV-2 infections at 80 days, after detection of 100 cases of community transmission, under three infectivity scenarios (basic reproduction number [R0] of 1\u00b75, 2\u00b70, or 2\u00b75) and assuming 7\u00b75% of infections are asymptomatic. We first ran the model assuming no intervention was in place (baseline scenario), and then assessed the effect of four intervention scenarios compared with a baseline scenario on the size and progression of the outbreak for each R0 value. These scenarios included isolation measures for infected individuals and quarantining of family members (hereafter referred to as quarantine); quarantine plus school closure; quarantine plus workplace distancing; and quarantine, school closure, and workplace distancing (hereafter referred to as the combined intervention). We also did sensitivity analyses by altering the asymptomatic fraction of infections (22\u00b77%, 30\u00b70%, 40\u00b70%, and 50\u00b70%) to compare outbreak sizes under the same control measures. For the baseline scenario, when R0 was 1\u00b75, the median cumulative number of infections at day 80 was 279\u2008000 (IQR 245\u2008000-320\u2008000), corresponding to 7\u00b74% (IQR 6\u00b75-8\u00b75) of the resident population of Singapore. The median number of infections increased with higher infectivity: 727\u2008000 cases (670\u2008000-776\u2008000) when R0 was 2\u00b70, corresponding to 19\u00b73% (17\u00b78-20\u00b76) of the Singaporean population, and 1\u2008207\u2008000 cases (1\u2008164\u2008000-1\u2008249\u2008000) when R0 was 2\u00b75, corresponding to 32% (30\u00b79-33\u00b71) of the Singaporean population. Compared with the baseline scenario, the combined intervention was the most effective, reducing the estimated median number of infections by 99\u00b73% (IQR 92\u00b76-99\u00b79) when R0 was 1\u00b75, by 93\u00b70% (81\u00b75-99\u00b77) when R0 was 2\u00b70, and by 78\u00b72% (59\u00b70 -94\u00b74) when R0 was 2\u00b75. Assuming increasing asymptomatic fractions up to 50\u00b70%, up to 277 000 infections were estimated to occur at day 80 with the combined intervention relative to 1800 for the baseline at R0 of 1\u00b75. Implementing the combined intervention of quarantining infected individuals and their family members, workplace distancing, and school closure once community transmission has been detected could substantially reduce the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections. We therefore recommend immediate deployment of this strategy if local secondary transmission is confirmed within Singapore. However, quarantine and workplace distancing should be prioritised over school closure because at this early stage, symptomatic children have higher withdrawal rates from school than do symptomatic adults from work. At higher asymptomatic proportions, intervention effectiveness might be substantially reduced requiring the need for effective case management and treatments, and preventive measures such as vaccines. Singapore Ministry of Health, Singapore Population Health Improvement Centre."}, {"pmid": 32305563, "pmcid": "PMC7162775", "title": "Features of anosmia in COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Klopfenstein, T", "Kadiane-Oussou, N J", "Toko, L", "Royer, P-Y", "Lepiller, Q", "Gendrin, V", "Zayet, S"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305563", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical publications about anosmia with COVID-19 are scarce. We aimed to describe the prevalence and features of anosmia in COVID-19 patients. We retrospectively included COVID-19 patients with anosmia between March 1st and March 17th, 2020. We used SARS-CoV-2 real time PCR in respiratory samples to confirm the cases. Fifty-four of 114 patients (47%) with confirmed COVID-19 reported anosmia. Mean age of the 54 patients was 47 (\u00b116) years; 67% were females and 37% were hospitalised. The median Charlson comorbidity index was 0.70 (\u00b11.6 [0-7]). Forty-six patients (85%) had dysgeusia and 28% presented with pneumonia. Anosmia began 4.4 (\u00b11.9 [1-8]) days after infection onset. The mean duration of anosmia was 8.9 (\u00b16.3 [1-21]) days and 98% of patients recovered within 28 days. Anosmia was present in half of our European COVID-19 patients and was often associated with dysgeusia."}, {"pmid": 32374832, "pmcid": "PMC7239176", "title": "Should international medical electives to resource-poor countries continue during COVID-19?", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["McMaster, David", "Veremu, Munashe", "Jonas, Kpanna M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374832", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386833, "pmcid": "PMC7183938", "title": "Considerations for resuscitation and transfer of paediatric patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Thampi, Swapna", "Lee, Chang C M", "Ng, Beatrice H Z", "Yap, Andrea P A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386833", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396767, "title": "Elucidating biophysical basis of binding of inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2 main protease by using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Sk, Md Fulbabu", "Roy, Rajarshi", "Jonniya, Nisha Amarnath", "Poddar, Sayan", "Kar, Parimal"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396767", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of novel \"coronavirus disease 2019\" (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide, causing a global pandemic. In the present work, we have elucidated the mechanism of binding of two inhibitors, namely \u03b1-ketoamide and Z31792168, to SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro or 3CLpro) by using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. We calculated the total binding free energy (\u0394Gbind) of both inhibitors and further decomposed \u0394Gbind into various forces governing the complex formation using the Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) method. Our calculations reveal that \u03b1-ketoamide is more potent (\u0394Gbind= - 9.05\u2009kcal/mol) compared to Z31792168 (\u0394Gbind= - 3.25\u2009kcal/mol) against COVID-19 3CLpro. The increase in \u0394Gbind for \u03b1-ketoamide relative to Z31792168 arises due to an increase in the favorable electrostatic and van der Waals interactions between the inhibitor and 3CLpro. Further, we have identified important residues controlling the 3CLpro-ligand binding from per-residue based decomposition of the binding free energy. Finally, we have compared \u0394Gbind of these two inhibitors with the anti-HIV retroviral drugs, such as lopinavir and darunavir. It is observed that \u03b1-ketoamide is more potent compared to lopinavir and darunavir. In the case of lopinavir, a decrease in van der Waals interactions is responsible for the lower binding affinity compared to \u03b1-ketoamide. On the other hand, in the case of darunavir, a decrease in the favorable intermolecular electrostatic and van der Waals interactions contributes to lower affinity compared to \u03b1-ketoamide. Our study might help in designing rational anti-coronaviral drugs targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32475028, "title": "The life in Japan and status of private dental office at the times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Tada, Hidesuke", "Shao, Wenhua", "Ishimaru, Naozumi", "Kudo, Yasusei"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475028", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491297, "title": "COVID-19 mortality rates in the European Union, Switzerland, and the UK: effect of timeliness, lockdown rigidity, and population density.", "journal": "Minerva Med", "authors": ["Gerli, Alberto G", "Centanni, Stefano", "Miozzo, Monica R", "Virchow, J Christian", "Sotgiu, Giovanni", "Canonica, G Walter", "Soriano, Joan B"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491297", "countries": ["Italy", "Germany", "Switzerland", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date the European experience with COVID-19 mortality has been different to the observed in China and Asia. We aimed to forecast mortality trends in the 27 countries of the European Union (EU), plus Switzerland and the United Kingdom (UK), where lockdown dates and confinement interventions have been heterogeneous, and to explore its determinants. We have adapted our predictive model of COVID-19-related mortality, which rested on the observed mortality within the first weeks of the outbreak and the date of the respective lockdown in each country. It was applied in a training set of three countries (Italy, Germany and Spain), and then applied to the EU plus the UK and Switzerland. In addition, we explored the effects of timeliness and rigidity of the lockdown (on a five-step scale) and population density in our forecasts. We report r2, and percent variation of expected versus observed deaths, all following TRIPOD guidance. We identified a homogeneous distribution of deaths, and found a median of 24 days after lockdown adoption to reach the maximum daily deaths. Strikingly, cumulative deaths up to April 25th, 2020 observed in Europe separated countries in three waves, according to the time lockdown measures were adopted following the onset of the outbreak: after a week, within a week, or even prior to the outbreak (r2=0.876). In contrast, no correlation neither with lockdown rigidity nor population density were observed. The European experience confirms that early, effective interventions of 86 lockdown are fundamental to minimizing the COVID-19 death toll."}, {"pmid": 32295322, "title": "[Clinical analysis of 150 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in Nanyang City, Henan Province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Sun, C", "Zhang, X B", "Dai, Y", "Xu, X Z", "Zhao, J"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295322", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of the patients with 2019-nCoV infection in Nanyang City, so as to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The epidemiology, clinical symptoms, atory and radiologic data of 150 patients with 2019-nCoV infection admitted to the designated hospitals in Nanyang City from January 24,2020 to February 16, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The 150 patients with 2019 nCov infection consisted of 67 men and 83 women, and the median age was (45\u00b116) years; 69 of them were the first generation case,60 of them were the second generation case, 6 of them were the third generation case,the median incubation period of the first generation case was (5.4\u00b12.2) days, and the second generation case was (6.7\u00b13.1) days, and the first-generation cases are the majority in severe patients (69%) . The most common basic disease was hypertension (13 cases, 9%), diabetes (9 cases, 6%), and the most common symptom is fever(142 cases, 95%, 63% showed moderate fever) , cough and sputum(108 cases,72%), fatigue(23 cases,15%), anorexia(20 cases, 13%), headache, diarrhea, muscle soreness, sore throat as the first symptoms. The average time from onset of symptoms to consultation was (4.2\u00b12.2) days for all patients. The changes in peripheral blood cells were mainly lymphonpenia (83 cases, 55%) and eosinophilia (95 cases, 63%), The lymphocyte count of the severe and critically ill patients was more significantly reduced, and some patients had increased myocardial enzymes, mainly LDH (47 cases, 31%), and a few patients had liver function damage, mainly manifested in ALT and AST. High, very few patients have renal impairment. Among the inflammation-related indicators, the main manifestations are increased CRP (66 cases, 43%) and ESR (86 cases, 57%), elevated D-Dimer in 29% of patients. 144 cases have different degrees of infective lesions in chest CT examination, with 30 cases (21%) on one side and 144 cases (79%) on both sides. Morphologically, most of the lesions were patchy ground glass lesions, which could be accompanied by air bronchus signs and some consolidation and paving stone signs. Of the cases showing \"white lung\", 87% were sever ill or critically ill. After active treatment, 45% of patients were discharged according to discharge standards. 33% of sever and critically ill patients were discharged, 49% of them were degraded hospitalization.The average length of hospitalization was (12\u00b14) days. Conclusion: A history of epidemiological exposure, fever, chest CT with signs of pneumonia, normal or decreased WBC, and lymphocytopenia, eosinophilia are the clinical basis for the diagnosis of this disease, and most of the sever patients were the first generation cases. The degree of lymphocytopenia is related to the severity of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32457811, "pmcid": "PMC7240166", "title": "The lethal sex gap: COVID-19.", "journal": "Immun Ageing", "authors": ["Marquez, Eladio J", "Trowbridge, Jennifer", "Kuchel, George A", "Banchereau, Jacques", "Ucar, Duygu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457811", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is disrupting lives across the globe for everyone, it has a more devastating impact on the health of older adults, especially that of older men. This pandemic has highlighted the crucial importance of considering an individual's age and biological sex in the clinic in addition to other confounding diseases (Kuchel, G.A, J Am Geriatr Soc, 67, 203, 2019, Tannenbaum, C., Nature, 575 451-458, 2009) As an interdisciplinary team of scientists in immunology, hematology, genomics, bioinformatics, and geriatrics, we have been studying how age and sex shape the human immune system. Herein we reflect on how our recent findings on the alterations of the immune system in aging might contribute to our current understanding of COVID-19 infection rate and disease risk."}, {"pmid": 32139462, "pmcid": "PMC7098480", "title": "Epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Shaanxi, China by 8 February 2020.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Yao, Yang", "Tian, Yao", "Zhou, Jing", "Ma, Xuan", "Yang, Min", "Wang, ShengYu"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32139462", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295323, "title": "[Expert consensus on sleep study and non-invasive positive airway pressure therapy during the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295323", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, close unprotected contact, and intense aerosols-generating procedures. Sleep study and non-invasive positive airway pressure (NIPAP) therapy can increase the risk of exposure and transmission of new coronaviruses to medical staff and patients. China's national epidemic control has entered a critical stage of overall prevention and control together with the restoration of normal medical care delivery. Based on the characteristics of sleep-disordered breathing, this consensus elaborates on the recommendations from the following four aspects that include patient and medical staff education, optimization of diagnostic and treatment protocols, sterilization of medical devices and the environment, and control of hospital-acquired infection. It is emphasized that the indications for sleep study and NIPAP should be strictly defined according to the local epidemic situation. Portable home sleep study and auto-titration positive airway pressure is recommended. The applications of disposable nasal pressure transducer for sleep study and disposable or personal masks and ventilator tubing for NIPAP are strongly suggested. Moreover, it is necessary to standardize the procedure of NIPAP, to separate the functional divisions in sleep lab, to comply with the protection regulations for medical personnel, and to strengthen the cleaning and disinfection management."}, {"pmid": 32418760, "pmcid": "PMC7200369", "title": "Aerosol prevention in osteosynthesis for maxillofacial trauma - a technical note.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Grant, J", "Shafi, A", "Halsnad, M"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418760", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372791, "pmcid": "PMC7194693", "title": "Tackling two crises at once.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Figueres, Christiana", "Rivett-Carnac, Tom"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372791", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We can't lose sight of the climate emergency when dealing with the covid-19 pandemic, say Christiana Figueres and Tom Rivett-Carnac."}, {"pmid": 32470088, "pmcid": "PMC7259495", "title": "Initial psychological impact of COVID-19 and its correlates in Indian Community: An online (FEEL-COVID) survey.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Varshney, Mohit", "Parel, Jithin Thomas", "Raizada, Neeraj", "Sarin, Shiv Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470088", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of Corona Virus (COVID-19) hit India recently; and the associated uncertainty is increasingly testing psychological resilience of the masses. When the global focus has mostly been on testing, finding a cure and preventing transmission; people are going through a myriad of psychological problems in adjusting to the current lifestyles and fear of the disease. Since there is a severe dearth of researches on this issue, we decided to conduct an online survey to evaluate its psychological impact. From 26th to 29th March an online survey (FEEL-COVID) was conducted using principles of snowballing, and by invitation through text messages to participate. The survey collected data on socio-demographic and clinical variables related to COVID-19 (based on the current knowledge); along with measuring psychological impact with the help of Impact of Event-revised (IES-R) scale. There were a total of 1106 responses from around 64 cities in the country. Out of these 453 responses had at least one item missing; and were excluded from the analysis. The mean age of the respondents was around 41 years with a male female ratio of 3:1 and around 22% respondents were health care professionals. Overall approximately one third of respondents had significant psychological impact (IES-R score > 24). Higher psychological impact was predicted with younger age, female gender and comorbid physical illness. Presence of physical symptoms and contact history predicted higher psychological impact, but did not reach statistical significance. During the initial stages of COVID-19 in India, almost one-third respondents had a significant psychological impact. This indicates a need for more systematic and longitudinal assessment of psychological needs of the population, which can help the government in formulating holistic interventions for affected individuals."}, {"pmid": 32493004, "title": "Principles for Managing Patients with Spinal Ailments in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era: What Do We Know So Far? An Evidence-Based, Narrative Review.", "journal": "Asian Spine J", "authors": ["Viswanathan, Vibhu Krishnan", "Subramanian, Surabhi", "Rao, Arthi K"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected all specialty practices in medicine, including the field of spinal surgery. Spinal surgery is unique in that the procedures include not only fully elective and fully emergent interventions, but also involve a separate group of semi-emergent surgeries, where delayed intervention may lead to permanent neurological deficits. Here, we present an evidence-based review on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on spinal surgery and our current knowledge about this issue. We conducted a thorough search of the PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords, \"COVID-19,\" \"COVID-19 impact on spine surgery,\" \"coronavirus impact on spine surgery,\" \"COVID-19 impact on neurosurgery,\" \"coronavirus impact on neurosurgery,\" \"COVID-19 impact on spine surgeons,\" and \"coronavirus impact on spine surgeons\" on May 6, 2020. A total of 8,322 articles were identified in the initial search. Articles that were duplicated, those that did not pertain to COVID-19 or spine surgeries, those with details not pertaining to the current topic of interest, and those published in languages other than English were excluded from our analyses. After complete screening, six articles were included in this review. During the previous few weeks, the COVID pandemic has significantly influenced all major aspects of spine surgery across the world. Outpatient care has been gradually shifted from physical visits to tele-health and online consultations. General recommendations have favored the conservative approach over surgeries, although no patient should be deprived of standard care owing to concerns about COVID. The general principles followed by spine surgeons should include early detection of COVID symptomatology; triaging of patients based on underlying spinal pathology; prescription of appropriate investigations to confirm the COVID status; isolation, as needed; selection of optimal management method as per the guidelines; adherence to best intraoperative practices; and ensuring protective measures for non-infected patients, family members, fellow heath care providers, and themselves against the disease."}, {"pmid": 32395038, "pmcid": "PMC7211653", "title": "Development of New Hybrid Model of Discrete Wavelet Decomposition and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Models in Application to One Month Forecast the Casualties Cases of COVID-19.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Singh, Sarbjit", "Parmar, Kulwinder Singh", "Kumar, Jatinder", "Makkhan, Sidhu Jitendra Singh"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395038", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Everywhere around the globe, the hot topic of discussion today is the ongoing and fast-spreading coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). Earlier detected in Wuhan, Hubei province, in China in December 2019, the deadly virus engulfed China and some neighboring countries, which claimed thousands of lives in February 2020. The proposed hybrid methodology involves the application of discreet wavelet decomposition to the dataset of deaths due to COVID-19, which splits the input data into component series and then applying an appropriate econometric model to each of the component series for making predictions of death cases in future. ARIMA models are well known econometric forecasting models capable of generating accurate forecasts when applied on wavelet decomposed time series. The input dataset consists of daily death cases from most affected five countries by COVID-19, which is given to the hybrid model for validation and to make one month ahead prediction of death cases. These predictions are compared with that obtained from an ARIMA model to estimate the performance of prediction. The predictions indicate a sharp rise in death cases despite various precautionary measures taken by governments of these countries."}, {"pmid": 32420607, "title": "The association between severe COVID-19 and low platelet count: evidence from 31 observational studies involving 7613 participants.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Jiang, Shi-Qin", "Huang, Qiu-Fen", "Xie, Wei-Ming", "Lv, Chao", "Quan, Xiao-Qing"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420607", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471115, "title": "The Network of Angiotensin Receptors in Breast Cancer.", "journal": "Cells", "authors": ["Acconcia, Filippo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471115", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a network of proteins regulating many aspects of human physiology, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, and immune system physiology. The RAS is a complicated network of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) (i.e., AT1R, AT2R, MASR, and MRGD) orchestrating the effects of several hormones (i.e., angiotensin II, angiotensin (1-7), and alamandine) produced by protease-based transmembrane receptors (ACE1 and ACE2). Two signaling axes have been identified in the RAS endocrine system that mediate the proliferative actions of angiotensin II (i.e., the AT1R-based pathway) or the anti-proliferative effects of RAS hormones (i.e., the AT2R-, MAS-, and MRGD-based pathways). Disruption of the balance between these two axes can cause different diseases (e.g., cardiovascular pathologies and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2- (SARS-CoV-2)-based COVID-19 disease). It is now accepted that all the components of the RAS endocrine system are expressed in cancer, including cancer of the breast. Breast cancer (BC) is a multifactorial pathology for which there is a continuous need to identify novel drugs. Here, I reviewed the possible roles of both axes of the RAS endocrine network as potential druggable pathways in BC. Remarkably, the analysis of the current knowledge of the different GPCRs of the RAS molecular system not only confirms that AT1R could be considered a drug target and that its inhibition by losartan and candesartan could be useful in the treatment of BC, but also identifies Mas-related GPCR member D (MRGD) as a druggable protein. Overall, the RAS of GPCRs offers multifaceted opportunities for the development of additional compounds for the treatment of BC."}, {"pmid": 32442961, "title": "[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on heart failure hospitalizations].", "journal": "Medicina (B Aires)", "authors": ["Burgos, Lucrecia M", "Diez, Mirta", "Villalba, Lorena", "Miranda, Rita M", "Belardi, Jorge"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442961", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360389, "pmcid": "PMC7187822", "title": "Programmatic Responses to the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Survey of 502 Cardiac Surgeons.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Seese, Laura", "Aranda-Michel, Edgar", "Sultan, Ibrahim", "Morell, Victor O", "Mathier, Michael A", "Mulukutla, Suresh R", "Saba, Samir", "Dueweke, Eric J", "Levenson, Joshua E", "Kilic, Arman"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360389", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434338, "title": "COVID-19 from the perspective of an immunologist.", "journal": "Cas Lek Cesk", "authors": ["Strizova, Zuzana", "Milota, Tomas", "Bartunkova, Jirina"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434338", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has a number of similarities to SARS and MERS diseases. Its highly contagious nature is particularly due to the rapid spread of the disease through asymptomatic individuals; however, the worlds most contagious infectious disease is still considered measles. Scientific data have revealed the interactions between COVID-19 and the immune system. These findings may contribute to the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches. Just as coronavirus itself the reports about the disease have massively spread through media and public contributing to overall public fear and stress. This promotion of non-scientific evidence and misinformation through social media might have also a devastating impact on the individuals immune system. Data regarding the mortality rates of COVID-19 have achieved unprecedented media and public engagements, however, the true facts about the disease prevention, immunomodulation and novel treatments are often left unsaid. We present the most recent facts about COVID-19 disease and its interactions with the immune system."}, {"pmid": 32425286, "pmcid": "PMC7229477", "title": "THE COVID-19 HOTEL FOR HEALTHCARE WORKERS: AN ITALIAN BEST PRACTICE.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["L, Vimercati", "S, Tafuri", "M, Chironna", "D, Loconsole", "Fim, Fucilli", "G, Migliore", "L, Gesualdo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425286", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504252, "pmcid": "PMC7274514", "title": "Responding to COVID-19: What's the Problem?", "journal": "J Urban Health", "authors": ["Lawrence, Roderick J"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504252", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This commentary argues that the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic should be considered as a transdisciplinary societal challenge that requires coordinated systemic thinking and actions in the context of uncertainty. Responses to the propagation of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the health, economic and social impacts of Covid-19 are complex, emergent and unpredictable. We describe the virtuous relations between three prerequisite conditions-multilevel governance, knowledge and types of resources and individual and collective behaviours-that should be combined in transdisciplinary responses."}, {"pmid": 32423435, "pmcid": "PMC7232932", "title": "Chest CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in preschool children: a retrospective study.", "journal": "BMC Pediatr", "authors": ["Li, Yang", "Cao, Jianghui", "Zhang, Xiaolong", "Liu, Guangzhi", "Wu, Xiaxia", "Wu, Baolin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423435", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the World Health Organization has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. So far, however, limited data are available for children. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the clinical and chest CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 in preschool children. From January 26, 2020 to February 20, 2020, the clinical and initial chest CT imaging data of eight preschool children with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from two hospitals were retrospectively collected. The chest CT imaging characteristics, including the distribution, shape, and density of lesions, and the pleural effusion, pleural changes, and enlarged lymph nodes were evaluated. Two cases (25%) were classified as mild type, and they showed no obvious abnormal CT findings or minimal pleural thickening on the right side. Five cases (62.5%) were classified as moderate type. Among these patients, one case showed consolidation located in the subpleural region of the right upper lobe, with thickening in the adjacent pleura; one case showed multiple consolidation and ground-glass opacities with blurry margins; one case displayed bronchial pneumonia-like changes in the left upper lobe; and two cases displayed asthmatic bronchitis-like changes. One case (12.5%) was classified as critical type and showed bronchial pneumonia-like changes in the bilateral lungs, presenting blurred and messy bilateral lung markings and multiple patchy shadows scattered along the lung markings with blurry margins. The chest CT findings of COVID-19 in preschool children are atypical and various. Accurate diagnosis requires a comprehensive evaluation of epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and CT imaging data."}, {"pmid": 32484225, "title": "Measures to Limit COVID-19 Outbreak Effects Among Military Personnel: Preliminary Data.", "journal": "Mil Med", "authors": ["Segal, David", "Rotschield, Jacob", "Ankory, Ran", "Kutikov, Sergey", "Moaddi, Bian", "Verhovsky, Guy", "Benov, Avi", "Twig, Gilad", "Glassberg, Elon", "Fink, Noam", "Bader, Tarif", "Karp, Erez"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484225", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak posed a threat to the readiness of military forces as well as their ability to fulfill missions. Seeing that military forces have been encountering similar challenges, we found it eminent to share the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) Northern Command's (NC) preliminary experience. We retrospectively summarized the actions that were taken by our team, focusing on 18 battalions at the Israeli NC. These actions included promoting a series of organizational changes in terms of social distancing and medical regulations as well as working to strengthen medical leadership through designated video meetings with medical commanders across our organization. Meetings included relevant clinical education, updates, and leadership building. These actions and others were aimed to increase our influence on the decision-making processes. While we conducted real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction SARS-CoV-2 laboratory tests for soldiers who were suspected to have COVID-19 (those presenting with compatible signs and symptoms after having been exposed to a confirmed COVID-19 patient), we were not able to screen healthy populations, nor did we have serum antibody serologic tests available during the study period. We reviewed the COVID-19 outbreak national data, obtained from Ministry of Health publishings and the IDF databases. Data were included from February 26th, 2020 (day 0, first COVID-19 patient in Israel) to April 19th, 2020 (day 53, about 1 month after most of the COVID-19 regulation were issued in the NC). The mean age of the battalion soldiers was 21.29\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.06 (range 18-50), 81.34% male. Most restrictions were issued on day 18. On day 53, 98.85% of the personnel in the battalions were kept active and asymptomatic in their units. Despite the limited availability of laboratory testing for COVID-19 our actions enabled us to lead a strict risk-management policy while maintaining most of the available workforce."}, {"pmid": 32470160, "title": "Glucocorticoid therapy delays the clearance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in an asymptomatic COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ma, Shu-Qing", "Zhang, Jing", "Wang, Yu-Shan", "Xia, Jun", "Liu, Peng", "Luo, Hong", "Wang, Ming-Yi"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470160", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530161, "title": "Status and Suggestions on Postmortem Examination during the Outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Du, S H", "Chen, X B", "Zhu, B F", "Li, D R"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383500, "pmcid": "PMC7267396", "title": "The importance of preventing COVID-19 in surgical wards cannot be overemphasized.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Huang, G"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383500", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312365, "title": "[Research advances in cardiovascular system damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 in children].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xiao, Hai-Hui", "Wang, Xin", "Xu, Yi", "Wang, Cheng"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312365", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in December 2019 in China and the epidemic is still going on at present. Since children are the susceptible population, the number of cases is gradually increasing. In addition to the typical respiratory symptoms, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection also has the clinical symptoms of cardiovascular system damage. Based on a literature review, this article discusses the possible cardiovascular system damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 in children and related mechanisms, in order to provide help for the timely treatment and prevention of cardiovascular system damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 in children."}, {"pmid": 32306492, "pmcid": "PMC7264730", "title": "D-dimer levels on admission to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Zhang, Litao", "Yan, Xinsheng", "Fan, Qingkun", "Liu, Haiyan", "Liu, Xintian", "Liu, Zejin", "Zhang, Zhenlu"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306492", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has shown a global spreading trend.\u00a0Early and effective predictors of clinical outcomes are urgently needed to improve management of Covid-19 patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether elevated D-dimer levels could predict mortality in patients with Covid-19. Patients with laboratory confirmed Covid-19 were retrospective enrolled in Wuhan Asia General Hospital from January 12, 2020, to March 15, 2020. D-dimer levels on admission and death events were collected to calculate the optimum cutoff using receiver operating characteristic\u00a0curves. According to the cutoff, the subjects were divided into two groups. Then the in-hospital mortality between two groups were compared to assess the predictive value of D-dimer level. A total of 343 eligible patients were enrolled in the study. The optimum cutoff value of D-dimer to predict in-hospital mortality was 2.0\u00a0\u00b5g/mL with a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 83.3%. There were 67 patients with D-dimer \u22652.0\u00a0\u00b5g/mL, and 267 patients with D-dimer <2.0\u00a0\u00b5g/mL on admission. 13 deaths occurred during hospitalization. Patients with D-dimer levels \u22652.0\u00a0\u00b5g/mL had a higher incidence of mortality when comparing with those who with D-dimer levels <2.0\u00a0\u00b5g/mL (12/67 vs 1/267, P\u00a0<\u00a0.001; hazard ratio, 51.5; 95% confidence interval, 12.9-206.7). D-dimer on admission greater than 2.0 \u00b5g/mL (fourfold increase) could effectively predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19, which indicated D-dimer could be an early and helpful marker to improve management of Covid-19 patients. (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000031428)."}, {"pmid": 32419750, "pmcid": "PMC7213030", "title": "The Challenge of Managing Parkinson's Disease Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Indian Acad Neurol", "authors": ["Garg, Divyani", "Dhamija, Rajinder K"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419750", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (nCoV) pandemic is rapidly developing across the globe and new information is emerging expeditiously and constantly, particularly in relation to neurological illnesses. Both central and peripheral nervous system involvement has been reported including headache, dizziness, hyposmia/anosmia, taste disturbances, seizures, stroke, alteration of the sensorium, and even acute hemorrhagic necrotizing leukoencephalopathy. Varying degrees of olfactory disturbances may pre-empt the diagnosis of COVID-19. Although no direct effect of 2019 nCoV has been reported yet on Parkinson's disease, there are enormous possible indirect effects and implications. We examine the potential effects and challenges posed by this pandemic to individuals with Parkinson's disease, particularly in the Indian context where telecommunication access or support group access may be lacking for these patients. Additionally, lockdown and social distancing may pose hurdles in the provision of optimum medical therapy, particularly if patients experience motor and non-motor deteriorations due to diverse reasons."}, {"pmid": 32492610, "pmcid": "PMC7242208", "title": "Role of a habitat's air humidity in Covid-19 mortality.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Biktasheva, Irina V"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492610", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Transient local over-dry environment might be a contributor and an explanation for the observed asynchronous local rises in Covid-19 mortality. We propose that a habitat's air humidity negatively correlate with Covid-19 morbidity and mortality, and support this hypothesis on the example of publicly available data from German federal states."}, {"pmid": 32387045, "pmcid": "PMC7252179", "title": "Liver Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy: an Effective and Feasible Alternative to Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Aitken, K", "Good, J", "Hawkins, M", "Grose, D", "Mukherjee, S", "Harrison, M", "Radhakrishna, G"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387045", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472897, "title": "We Know About COVID-19: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Survey.", "journal": "J Craniofac Surg", "authors": ["Costa, Samuel Macedo", "Lacerda, Guilherme Toledo de", "Villafort, Rayssa Nunes", "Silveira, Roger Lanes", "Amaral, Marcio Bruno Figueiredo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472897", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronav\u00edrus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a virus of mass dissemination, with an impact on international public health, leading to hospitalizations and death. The main symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, fatigue, dry cough; however, myalgia and dyspnea and the transmission routes include direct transmission by cough, sneeze, droplet inhalation, or contact transmission with the oral, nasal, or eye mucous membranes. The dental professionals are the main risk group to COVID-19 due to the transmission routes that are directly related to the dental practice. In addition, the oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS) are even more exposed, due to increased contact with the population in hospitals and emergency services. OMFS should be able to identify a suspected case of COVID-19, its symptoms, risk groups, disease severity, laboratorial and computed tomography alterations, and treatment guidelines. In the present study, the authors performed a nationwide survey with Brazilian OMFS to evaluate the knowledge of these professionals about the pandemic status of the COVID-19. A total of 142 OMFS replied the survey and the results brings light to an incomparable health public problem that the OMFS in Brazil are no able to protect itself, diagnose the suspicious and probable cases, request and interpret the correct laboratorial examinations for the treatment of the COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32284326, "pmcid": "PMC7242698", "title": "Remdesivir is a direct-acting antiviral that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with high potency.", "journal": "J Biol Chem", "authors": ["Gordon, Calvin J", "Tchesnokov, Egor P", "Woolner, Emma", "Perry, Jason K", "Feng, Joy Y", "Porter, Danielle P", "Gotte, Matthias"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284326", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are urgently needed to control this current pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Replication of SARS-CoV-2 depends on the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is the likely target of the investigational nucleotide analogue remdesivir (RDV). RDV shows broad-spectrum antiviral activity against RNA viruses, and previous studies with RdRps from Ebola virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have revealed that delayed chain termination is RDV's plausible mechanism of action. Here, we expressed and purified active SARS-CoV-2 RdRp composed of the nonstructural proteins nsp8 and nsp12. Enzyme kinetics indicated that this RdRp efficiently incorporates the active triphosphate form of RDV (RDV-TP) into RNA. Incorporation of RDV-TP at position i caused termination of RNA synthesis at position i+3. We obtained almost identical results with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 RdRps. A unique property of RDV-TP is its high selectivity over incorporation of its natural nucleotide counterpart ATP. In this regard, the triphosphate forms of 2'-C-methylated compounds, including sofosbuvir, approved for the management of hepatitis C virus infection, and the broad-acting antivirals favipiravir and ribavirin, exhibited significant deficits. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the target specificity of RDV, as RDV-TP was less efficiently incorporated by the distantly related Lassa virus RdRp, and termination of RNA synthesis was not observed. These results collectively provide a unifying, refined mechanism of RDV-mediated RNA synthesis inhibition in coronaviruses and define this nucleotide analogue as a direct-acting antiviral."}, {"pmid": 32223004, "title": "Art of performing dermoscopy during the times of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): simple change in approach can save the day!", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Jakhar, D", "Kaur, I", "Kaul, S"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223004", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32197104, "pmcid": "PMC7270644", "title": "Evidence informing the UK's COVID-19 public health response must be transparent.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Alwan, Nisreen A", "Bhopal, Raj", "Burgess, Rochelle A", "Colburn, Tim", "Cuevas, Luis E", "Smith, George Davey", "Egger, Matthias", "Eldridge, Sandra", "Gallo, Valentina", "Gilthorpe, Mark S", "Greenhalgh, Trish", "Griffiths, Christopher", "Hunter, Paul R", "Jaffar, Shabbar", "Jepson, Ruth", "Low, Nicola", "Martineau, Adrian", "McCoy, David", "Orcutt, Miriam", "Pankhania, Bharat", "Pikhart, Hynek", "Pollock, Allyson", "Scally, Gabriel", "Smith, James", "Sridhar, Devi", "Taylor, Stephanie", "Tennant, Peter W G", "Themistocleous, Yrene", "Wilson, Anne"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197104", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426209, "pmcid": "PMC7228888", "title": "Are Type 1 Interferons treatment in Multiple Sclerosis as a potential therapy against COVID-19?", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Gemcioglu, Emin", "Davutoglu, Mehmet", "Ozdemir, Ese Ece", "Erden, Abdulsamet"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32349992, "title": "Covid-19: challenges for people with intellectual disability.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Courtenay, Ken"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349992", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416987, "pmcid": "PMC7200384", "title": "Rapid training of healthcare staff for protected cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Foong, Theng W", "Hui Ng, Elizabeth S", "Wee Khoo, Cicely Y", "Ashokka, Balakrishnan", "Khoo, Deborah", "Agrawal, Rohit"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416987", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219671, "pmcid": "PMC7100439", "title": "Spiritual Lessons From the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "J Relig Health", "authors": ["Hart, Curtis W"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219671", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429991, "pmcid": "PMC7235434", "title": "The Italian paediatric society raccomandations on children and adolescents extra-domestic activities during the SARS COV-2 emergency phase 2.", "journal": "Ital J Pediatr", "authors": ["Villani, Alberto", "Bozzola, Elena", "Siani, Paolo", "Corsello, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429991", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to novel coronavirus infection emergency, restricting measures have been imposed in Italy. As well as adults, also children are limited in their daily routine. As the lockdown period is expected to end on 3rd May 2020, we discuss the opportunity for children to practice safely recreational or physical activity outdoor. The Italian Paediatric Society recommends specific recreational and physical activities according to the age of the children and respecting social distancing."}, {"pmid": 32100877, "pmcid": "PMC7228221", "title": "Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Zhixin", "Xiao, Xiao", "Wei, Xiuli", "Li, Jian", "Yang, Jing", "Tan, Huabing", "Zhu, Jianyong", "Zhang, Qiwei", "Wu, Jianguo", "Liu, Long"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100877", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From the beginning of 2002 and 2012, severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) crossed the species barriers to infect humans, causing thousands of infections and hundreds of deaths, respectively. Currently, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which has become the cause of the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), was discovered. Until 18 February 2020, there were 72\u2009533 confirmed COVID-19 cases (including 10\u2009644 severe cases) and 1872 deaths in China. SARS-CoV-2 is spreading among the public and causing substantial burden due to its human-to-human transmission. However, the intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 is still unclear. Finding the possible intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 is imperative to prevent further spread of the epidemic. In this study, we used systematic comparison and analysis to predict the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of coronavirus spike protein and the host receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The interaction between the key amino acids of S protein RBD and ACE2 indicated that, other than pangolins and snakes, as previously suggested, turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii, Chelonia mydas, and Pelodiscus sinensis) may act as the potential intermediate hosts transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to humans."}, {"pmid": 32430948, "title": "Breast cancer surgery under the shadow of COVID-19: Quest for optimal axillary management after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.", "journal": "Breast J", "authors": ["Tasdoven, Ilhan", "Karadeniz Cakmak, Guldeniz"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430948", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343085, "title": "Caring for Nephrology Patients and Staff During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of the Northwest Kidney Centers.", "journal": "Nephrol Nurs J", "authors": ["Ulrich, Beth", "McNamara, Liz", "Watnick, Suzanne", "Last, First Middle"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343085", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Northwest Kidney Center (NWC) in Seattle, Washington, has been a leader in nephrology care for almost 60 years, opening the first hemodialysis unit in the United States in 1962. In February 2020, one of their patients was the first reported death from COVID-19 in the United States. On April 6, 2020, as a part of NNJ Extra - the Nephrology Nursing Journal's podcast series, Beth Ulrich, EdD, RN, FACHE, FAONL, FAAN, Editor-in-Chief of the Nephrology Nursing Journal, talked with the leaders of the Northwest Kidney Centers - Suzanne Watnick, MD, the Chief Medical Officer, and Liz McNamara, MN, RN, Vice President of Patient Care Services and the Chief Nursing Officer, who discussed dealing with the onset of COVID-19 at NWC, how their team worked together to provide care for their patients and support for their staff members, and the lessons they learned that can benefit others."}, {"pmid": 32313886, "pmcid": "PMC7166302", "title": "Medically unexplained symptoms in the times of Covid-19 pandemic: a case-report.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun Health", "authors": ["Colizzi, Marco", "Bortoletto, Riccardo", "Silvestri, Marta", "Mondini, Federica", "Puttini, Elena", "Cainelli, Chiara", "Gaudino, Rossella", "Ruggeri, Mirella", "Zoccante, Leonardo"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313886", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early 2020, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) leading to a potentially fatal condition was discovered. Since then, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread worldwide becoming a pandemic. Beyond the risks strictly related to the infection, concerns have been expressed for the psychological impact that COVID-19 may have, especially on vulnerable individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions. Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is characterized by a dysfunctional preoccupation with physical symptoms leading to excessive and unnecessary healthcare utilization. Despite being quite common, such condition remains underrecognized. We report a detailed clinical case of a 16 years old adolescent, who presented with a history suggestive of COVID-19 infection and associated psychological distress. Despite testing negative for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, his extreme and persisting health preoccupations required an inpatient admission to the Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit. He responded rapidly to a low dose of antipsychotic and an antidepressant. Based on his medical history and current presentation, he received a diagnosis of SSD. When COVID-19-like symptoms occur, we highlight the importance of differentially diagnosing a possible exacerbation of a pre-existing SSD, triggered by fear of being infected. This may help preventing further burden to the healthcare system."}, {"pmid": 32330293, "pmcid": "PMC7264719", "title": "Persistent viral RNA positivity during the recovery period of a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yang, Jian-Rong", "Deng, Dao-Ting", "Wu, Nan", "Yang, Bin", "Li, Hong-Juan", "Pan, Xiao-Ben"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330293", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As an emerging infectious disease, the clinical course and virological course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remain to be further investigated. In this case report, we described a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection with the clinical course for more than 2 months. This patient had recovered from pneumonia after treatment. The viral RNA of throat swabs became negative and the viral-specific antibodies were produced during the recovery period. However, the viral RNA reappeared and additionally persisted in throat swabs for more than 40 days. In addition, the viral RNA was detected in multiple types of specimens with extremely high titers in the saliva. In conclusion, these findings indicate that SARS-CoV-2 can cause a long clinical course. The coexistence of viral RNA and viral-specific antibodies may imply an immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 from the host's immune system."}, {"pmid": 32294258, "pmcid": "PMC7262156", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in a psoriatic patient treated with IL-23 inhibitor.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Messina, F", "Piaserico, S"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294258", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376535, "pmcid": "PMC7086142", "title": "[Analysis of variation and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 genome].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Zhou, Yezhen", "Zhang, Shihao", "Chen, Jiayi", "Wan, Chengsong", "Zhao, Wei", "Zhang, Bao"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376535", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the evolution and variation of SARS-CoV-2 during the epidemic starting at the end of 2019. We downloaded the full-length genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 from the databases of GISAID and NCBI. Using the software for bioinformatics including MEGA-X, BEAST, and TempEst, we constructed the genomic evolution tree, inferred the time evolution signal of the virus, calculated the tMRCA time of the virus and analyzed the selection pressure of the virus during evolution. The phylogenetic tree showed that SARS-CoV-2 belonged to the Sarbecovirus subgenus of \u03b2 Coronavirus genus together with bat coronavirus BetaCoV/bat/Yunnan/RaTG13/2013, bat-SL-CoVZC45, bat-SL-CoVZXC21 and SARS-CoV. The genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from the ongoing epidemic showed a weak time evolution signal with an average tMRCA time of 73 days (95% CI: 38.9-119.3 days). No positive time evolution signal was found between SARS-CoV-2 and BetaCoV/bat/Yunnan/RaTG13/2013, but the former virus had a strong positive temporal evolution relationship with bat-SL-CoVZC45 and SARS-CoV. The major cause for mutations of SARS-CoV-2 was the pressure of purification selection during the epidemic. SARS-CoV-2 may have emerged as early as November, 2019, originating most likely from bat-associated coronavirus. This finding may provide evidence for tracing the sources and evolution of the virus."}, {"pmid": 32274842, "pmcid": "PMC7262271", "title": "Keeping a cut above the coronavirus disease: surgical perspectives from a public health institution in Singapore during Covid-19.", "journal": "ANZ J Surg", "authors": ["Ng, Aven Shan Hua", "Chew, Min Hoe", "Charn, Tze Choong", "Wong, Merng Koon", "Wong, Wai Keong", "Lee, Lui Shiong"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274842", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339382, "pmcid": "PMC7267664", "title": "Vaginal delivery in SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women in Northern Italy: a retrospective analysis.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Ferrazzi, E", "Frigerio, L", "Savasi, V", "Vergani, P", "Prefumo, F", "Barresi, S", "Bianchi, S", "Ciriello, E", "Facchinetti, F", "Gervasi, M T", "Iurlaro, E", "Kustermann, A", "Mangili, G", "Mosca, F", "Patane, L", "Spazzini, D", "Spinillo, A", "Trojano, G", "Vignali, M", "Villa, A", "Zuccotti, G V", "Parazzini, F", "Cetin, I"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339382", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report mode of delivery and immediate neonatal outcome in women infected with COVID-19. Retrospective study. Twelve hospitals in northern Italy. Pregnant women with COVID-19-confirmed infection who delivered. COVID 19 infection in pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2-infected women who were admitted and delivered from 1 to 20 March 2020 were eligible. Data were collected from the clinical records using a standardised questionnaire on maternal general characteristics, any medical or obstetric co-morbidity, course of pregnancy, clinical signs and symptoms, treatment of COVID 19 infection, mode of delivery, neonatal data and breastfeeding. Data on mode of delivery and neonatal outcome. In all, 42 women with COVID-19 delivered at the participating centres; 24 (57.1%, 95% CI\u00a041.0-72.3) delivered vaginally. An elective caesarean section was performed in 18/42 (42.9%, 95% CI 27.7-59.0) cases: in eight cases the indication was unrelated to COVID-19 infection. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 19/42 (45.2%, 95% CI 29.8-61.3) cases: of these, 7/19 (36.8%, 95% CI 16.3-61.6) required oxygen support and 4/19 (21.1%, 95% CI\u00a06.1-45.6) were admitted to a critical care unit. Two women with COVID-19 breastfed without a mask because infection was diagnosed in the postpartum period: their newborns tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 infection. In one case, a newborn had a positive test after a vaginal operative delivery. Although postpartum infection cannot be excluded with 100% certainty, these findings suggest that vaginal delivery is\u00a0associated with a low risk of intrapartum SARS-Cov-2 transmission to the newborn. This study suggests that vaginal delivery may be associated with a low risk of intrapartum SARS-Cov-2 transmission to the newborn."}, {"pmid": 32385855, "pmcid": "PMC7273019", "title": "Balancing public health and private wealth: lessons on climate inaction from the COVID-19 pandemic - a report from the International Society of Dermatology Climate Change Committee.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Coates, Sarah J", "Andersen, Louise K", "Boos, Markus D"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385855", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303574, "title": "Mission command: applying principles of military leadership to the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) crisis.", "journal": "BMJ Mil Health", "authors": ["Pearce, A Phill", "Naumann, D N", "O'Reilly, D"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303574", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386147, "title": "Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with Structured Latent Multi-View Representation Learning.", "journal": "IEEE Trans Med Imaging", "authors": ["Kang, Hengyuan", "Xia, Liming", "Yan, Fuhua", "Wan, Zhibin", "Shi, Feng", "Yuan, Huan", "Jiang, Huiting", "Wu, Dijia", "Sui, He", "Zhang, Changqing", "Shen, Dinggang"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386147", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly across the world. Due to the large number of infected patients and heavy labor for doctors, computer-aided diagnosis with machine learning algorithm is urgently needed, and could largely reduce the efforts of clinicians and accelerate the diagnosis process. Chest computed tomography (CT) has been recognized as an informative tool for diagnosis of the disease. In this study, we propose to conduct the diagnosis of COVID-19 with a series of features extracted from CT images. To fully explore multiple features describing CT images from different views, a unified latent representation is learned which can completely encode information from different aspects of features and is endowed with promising class structure for separability. Specifically, the completeness is guaranteed with a group of backward neural networks (each for one type of features), while by using class labels the representation is enforced to be compact within COVID-19/community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and also a large margin is guaranteed between different types of pneumonia. In this way, our model can well avoid overfitting compared to the case of directly projecting highdimensional features into classes. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms all comparison methods, and rather stable performances are observed when varying the number of training data."}, {"pmid": 32366113, "title": "Foot Manifestations in a COVID-19 Positive Patient: A Case Study.", "journal": "J Am Podiatr Med Assoc", "authors": ["Nirenberg, Michael S", "Del Mar Ruiz Herrera, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366113", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217104, "pmcid": "PMC7270586", "title": "Inside China and COVID-19: Questions and answers.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jiang, Rongmeng"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217104", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327405, "title": "COVID-19 - does exercise prescription and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) have a role in risk-stratifying patients?", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Ahmed, Irfan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327405", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the UK shields 'high risk' patients and enforces social distancing measures, patients will be at risk of significantly reducing physical activity levels. We explore the evidence base for COVID-19-specific recommendations and exercise interventions to 'precondition' patients prior to infection and appraise the role of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) as a risk-stratifying triage tool. We conclude that structured exercise programmes can be used to maintain physical activity levels and prevent deconditioning and that VO2 max has the potential to be used as a clinically relevant triage tool during the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32434518, "pmcid": "PMC7237880", "title": "Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts critical illness patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in the early stage.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Liu, Jingyuan", "Liu, Yao", "Xiang, Pan", "Pu, Lin", "Xiong, Haofeng", "Li, Chuansheng", "Zhang, Ming", "Tan, Jianbo", "Xu, Yanli", "Song, Rui", "Song, Meihua", "Wang, Lin", "Zhang, Wei", "Han, Bing", "Yang, Li", "Wang, Xiaojing", "Zhou, Guiqin", "Zhang, Ting", "Li, Ben", "Wang, Yanbin", "Chen, Zhihai", "Wang, Xianbo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434518", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with critical illness due to infection with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) show rapid disease progression to acute respiratory failure. The study aimed to screen the most useful predictive factor for critical illness caused by COVID-19. The study prospectively involved 61 patients with COVID-19 infection as a derivation cohort, and 54 patients as a validation cohort. The predictive factor for critical illness was selected using LASSO regression analysis. A nomogram based on non-specific laboratory indicators was built to predict the probability of critical illness. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was identified as an independent risk factor for critical illness in patients with COVID-19 infection. The NLR had an area under receiver operating characteristic of 0.849 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.707 to 0.991) in the derivation cohort and 0.867 (95% CI 0.747 to 0.944) in the validation cohort, the calibration curves fitted well, and the decision and clinical impact curves showed that the NLR had high standardized net benefit. In addition, the incidence of critical illness was 9.1% (1/11) for patients aged\u2009\u2265\u200950 and having an NLR\u2009<\u20093.13, and 50% (7/14) patients with age\u2009\u2265\u200950 and NLR\u2009\u2265\u20093.13 were predicted to develop critical illness. Based on the risk stratification of NLR according to age, this study has developed a COVID-19 pneumonia management process. We found that NLR is a predictive factor for early-stage prediction of patients infected with COVID-19 who are likely to develop critical illness. Patients aged\u2009\u2265\u200950 and having an NLR\u2009\u2265\u20093.13 are predicted to develop critical illness, and they should thus have rapid access to an intensive care unit if necessary."}, {"pmid": 32274649, "pmcid": "PMC7142270", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and Europe: timing of containment measures for outbreak control.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Li, Chenyu", "Romagnani, Paola", "von Brunn, Albrecht", "Anders, Hans-Joachim"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274649", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320488, "pmcid": "PMC7264522", "title": "Integration of telemedicine into the public health response to COVID-19 must include dentists.", "journal": "Int Endod J", "authors": ["Maret, D", "Peters, O A", "Vaysse, F", "Vigarios, E"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320488", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324841, "title": "Physically Active Lifestyle as an Approach to Confronting COVID-19.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Ferreira, Maycon Junior", "Irigoyen, Maria Claudia", "Consolim-Colombo, Fernanda", "Saraiva, Jose Francisco Kerr", "Angelis, Katia De"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324841", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284182, "pmcid": "PMC7128886", "title": "Reflections arising from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Enferm Intensiva", "authors": ["Raurell-Torreda, M", "Martinez-Estalella, G", "Frade-Mera, M J", "Carrasco Rodriguez-Rey, L F", "Romero de San Pio, E"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284182", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While we were drafting the recommendations for the joint contingency plan between the Spanish Society of Intensive Care and Coronary Unit Nursing (SEEIUC) and the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC), predictions were overtaken by events with regard to the magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic. Members informed us of the lack of personal protection equipment (PPE), the rapid provision of improvised ICUs in various hospital areas and the recruitment of nurses to cover shifts. The failure to recognise the specialty of critical care nursing, included in the macro-specialty of medical-surgical nursing and not yet developed, has highlighted the urgent need to learn from our mistakes: specialisation, increase the number of nurses in teams and protect the public health system."}, {"pmid": 32424023, "title": "Indoor temperature and relative humidity in hospitals: workplace considerations during the novel coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Quraishi, Sadeq A", "Berra, Lorenzo", "Nozari, Ala"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424023", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234102, "pmcid": "PMC7156565", "title": "The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and implications for clinical practice.", "journal": "Eur Psychiatry", "authors": ["Fiorillo, Andrea", "Gorwood, Philip"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234102", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330492, "pmcid": "PMC7172844", "title": "Applications of 3D Printing Technology to Address COVID-19-Related Supply Shortages.", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["Ishack, Stephanie", "Lipner, Shari R"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330492", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525566, "title": "Low prevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Cancer", "authors": ["Liu, Tao", "Zeng, Guang", "Tao, Huangheng", "Shi, Yue", "Wang, Ting", "Liu, Tongzu", "Guo, Fangjian", "Zhou, Fuling", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525566", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282922, "pmcid": "PMC7184371", "title": "Use of self-administered surveys through QR code and same center telemedicine in a walk-in clinic in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Perez-Alba, Eduardo", "Nuzzolo-Shihadeh, Laura", "Espinosa-Mora, Jaime Eugenio", "Camacho-Ortiz, Adrian"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282922", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525070, "title": "Letter to the Editor.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Roy, Justin"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525070", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307593, "pmcid": "PMC7167303", "title": "Therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Li, Lei", "Li, Ranran", "Wu, Zhixiong", "Yang, Xianghong", "Zhao, Mingyan", "Liu, Jiao", "Chen, Dechang"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307593", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak originated from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019, it has become a clinical threat to the general population worldwide. Among people infected with the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), the intensive management of the critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU) needs substantial medical resource. In the present article, we have summarized the promising drugs, adjunctive agents, respiratory supportive strategies, as well as circulation management, multiple organ function monitoring and appropriate nutritional strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 in the ICU based on the previous experience of treating other viral infections and influenza. These treatments are referable before the vaccine and specific drugs are available for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32403217, "title": "Hypertension, Thrombosis, Kidney Failure, and Diabetes: Is COVID-19 an Endothelial Disease? A Comprehensive Evaluation of Clinical and Basic Evidence.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Sardu, Celestino", "Gambardella, Jessica", "Morelli, Marco Bruno", "Wang, Xujun", "Marfella, Raffaele", "Santulli, Gaetano"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403217", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The symptoms most commonly reported by patients affected by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) include cough, fever, and shortness of breath. However, other major events usually observed in COVID-19 patients (e.g., high blood pressure, arterial and venous thromboembolism, kidney disease, neurologic disorders, and diabetes mellitus) indicate that the virus is targeting the endothelium, one of the largest organs in the human body. Herein, we report a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of both clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the hypothesis that the endothelium is a key target organ in COVID-19, providing a mechanistic rationale behind its systemic manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32360781, "pmcid": "PMC7252175", "title": "Fangcang shelter hospitals in COVID-19 pandemic: the practice and its significance.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Shang, L", "Xu, J", "Cao, B"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360781", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425479, "pmcid": "PMC7229929", "title": "MRI evaluation of the olfactory clefts in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection revealed an unexpected mechanism for olfactory function loss.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Eliezer, Michael", "Hautefort, Charlotte"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425479", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388451, "pmcid": "PMC7191299", "title": "COVID-19 occurring during Natalizumab treatment: a case report in a patient with extended interval dosing approach.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Borriello, Giovanna", "Ianniello, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388451", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which was identified after a recent outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has generated a global pandemic impacting over 200 countries around the world. Recent reports suggest that ACE2, which is the target protein to invade the host, has a ubiquitous presence in human organs, including lung parenchyma, gastrointestinal tract, nasal mucosa, renal and urinary tract, airway epithelia, lymphoid tissues, reproductive organs, vascular endothelium and neurons. In this scenario, neurologists are particularly involved into considering even more specific therapeutic strategies according to the available data during the pandemic. In particular, MS patients are usually receiving disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) with immunosuppressant or immunomodulatory effects, which increase the risk of infections and morbidity, compared with the general population. Development of PML or other serious opportunistic infections during treatment with natalizumab forces to consider whether de-risking strategies are needed in this particular context and how to manage a high-efficacy treatment. In this paper we report on a patient treated with natalizumab for relapsing MS who developed COVID-19 and recovered in a few days without complications. After recovery natalizumab has been administered in the window of the extended interval dosing (EID), without reporting any worsening or new symptoms. This case supports the opportunity to avoid discontinuing or delaying the retreatment over 8 weeks in patients recovered from a recent COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32442278, "title": "Prioritizing infants in a time of Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine shortage caused by premature expectations against COVID-19.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Senoo, Yuki", "Suzuki, Yosuke", "Tsuda, Kenji", "Takahashi, Kenzo", "Tanimoto, Tetsuya"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442278", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415242, "pmcid": "PMC7225630", "title": "A spike with which to beat COVID-19?", "journal": "Nat Rev Microbiol", "authors": ["Alam, Nawsad", "Higgins, Matthew K"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415242", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433389, "title": "American Indian Reservations and COVID-19: Correlates of Early Infection Rates in the Pandemic.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Lonebear, Desi", "Barcelo, Nicolas E", "Akee, Randall", "Carroll, Stephanie Russo"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433389", "countries": ["United States", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the household and community characteristics most closely associated with variation in COVID-19 incidence on American Indian reservations in the lower 48 states. Multivariate analysis with population weights. Two hundred eighty-seven American Indian Reservations and tribal homelands (in Oklahoma) and, as of April 10, 2020, 861 COVID-19 cases on these reservation lands. The relationship between rate per 1000 individuals of publicly reported COVID-19 cases at the tribal reservation and/or community level and average household characteristics from the 2018 5-Year American Community Survey records. By April 10, 2020, in regression analysis, COVID-19 cases were more likely by the proportion of homes lacking indoor plumbing (10.83, P = .001) and were less likely according to the percentage of reservation households that were English-only (-2.43, P = .03). Household overcrowding measures were not statistically significant in this analysis (-6.40, P = .326). Failure to account for the lack of complete indoor plumbing and access to potable water in a pandemic may be an important determinant of the increased incidence of COVID-19 cases. Access to relevant information that is communicated in the language spoken by many reservation residents may play a key role in the spread of COVID-19 in some tribal communities. Household overcrowding does not appear to be associated with COVID-19 infections in our data at the current time. Previous studies have identified household plumbing and overcrowding, and language, as potential pandemic and disease infection risk factors. These risk factors persist. Funding investments in tribal public health and household infrastructure, as delineated in treaties and other agreements, are necessary to protect American Indian communities."}, {"pmid": 32434872, "title": "Covid-19: face masks could foster distrust and blame.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["King, Frances M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434872", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462545, "pmcid": "PMC7251321", "title": "Treatments Administered to the First 9152 Reported Cases of COVID-19: A Systematic Review.", "journal": "Infect Dis Ther", "authors": ["Fajgenbaum, David C", "Khor, Johnson S", "Gorzewski, Alexander", "Tamakloe, Mark-Avery", "Powers, Victoria", "Kakkis, Joseph J", "Repasky, Mileva", "Taylor, Anne", "Beschloss, Alexander", "Hernandez-Miyares, Laura", "Go, Beatrice", "Nimgaonkar, Vivek", "McCarthy, Madison S", "Kim, Casey J", "Pai, Ruth-Anne Langan", "Frankl, Sarah", "Angelides, Philip", "Jiang, Joanna", "Rasheed, Rozena", "Napier, Erin", "Mackay, Duncan", "Pierson, Sheila K"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462545", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of SARS-CoV-2/2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has created a global pandemic with no approved treatments or vaccines. Many treatments have already been administered to COVID-19 patients but have not been systematically evaluated. We performed a systematic literature review to identify all treatments reported to be administered to COVID-19 patients and to\u00a0assess time to clinically meaningful response for treatments with sufficient data. We searched PubMed, BioRxiv, MedRxiv, and ChinaXiv for articles reporting treatments for COVID-19 patients published between 1 December 2019 and 27 March 2020. Data were analyzed descriptively. Of the 2706 articles identified, 155 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 9152 patients. The cohort was 45.4% female and 98.3% hospitalized, and mean (SD) age was 44.4\u00a0years (SD 21.0). The most frequently administered drug classes were antivirals, antibiotics, and corticosteroids, and of the 115 reported drugs, the most frequently administered was combination lopinavir/ritonavir, which was associated with a time to clinically meaningful response (complete symptom resolution or hospital discharge) of 11.7 (1.09) days. There were insufficient data to compare across treatments. Many treatments have been administered to the first 9152 reported cases of COVID-19. These data serve as the basis for an open-source registry of all reported treatments given to COVID-19 patients\u00a0at www.CDCN.org/CORONA. Further work is needed to prioritize drugs for investigation in well-controlled clinical trials and treatment protocols."}, {"pmid": 32409514, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: regional anesthesia should be the new norm!", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Mistry, Tuhin", "Singh, Shiv Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409514", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379032, "title": "Implementing Physical Distancing in the Hospital: A Key Strategy to Prevent Nosocomial Transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Arora, Vineet M", "Chivu, Marius", "Schram, Andrew", "Meltzer, David"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379032", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295895, "title": "Comparison of Copan ESwab and FLOQSwab for COVID-19 Diagnosis: Working around a Supply Shortage.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Vermeiren, Christie", "Marchand-Senecal, Xavier", "Sheldrake, Elena", "Bulir, David", "Smieja, Marek", "Chong, Sylvia", "Forbes, Jessica D", "Katz, Kevin"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295895", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493669, "pmcid": "PMC7242968", "title": "Dynamic variations of the COVID-19 disease at different quarantine strategies in Wuhan and mainland China.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Cui, Qianqian", "Hu, Zengyun", "Li, Yingke", "Han, Junmei", "Teng, Zhidong", "Qian, Jing"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493669", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) firstly announced in Wuhan of Hubei province, China is rapidly spreading to all the other 31 provinces of China and to more than 140 countries. Quarantine strategies play the key role on the disease controlling and public health in the world with this pandemic of the COVID-19 defined by the World Health Organization. In this study, a SEIRQ epidemic model was developed to explore the dynamic changes of COVID-19 in Wuhan and mainland China, from January 27, 2020 to March 5, 2020. Moreover, to investigate the effects of the quarantine strategies, two perspectives are employed from the different quarantine magnitudes and quarantine time points. The major results suggest that the COVID-19 variations are well captured by the epidemic model with very high accuracy in the cumulative confirmed cases, confirmed cases, cumulative recovered cases and cumulative death cases. The quarantine magnitudes in the susceptible individuals play larger roles on the disease control than the impacts of the quarantines of the exposed individuals and infectious individuals. For the quarantine time points, it shows that the early quarantine strategy is significantly important for the disease controlling. The time delayed quarantining will seriously increase the COVID-19 disease patients and prolongs the days of the disease extinction. Our model can simulate and predict the COVID-19 variations and the quarantine strategies are important for the disease controlling, especially at the early period of the disease outbreak. These conclusions provide important scientific information for the government policymaker in the disease control strategies."}, {"pmid": 32387072, "pmcid": "PMC7190480", "title": "COVID-19 and rhinology, from the consultation room to the operating theatre.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Radulesco, T", "Verillaud, B", "Bequignon, E", "Papon, J-F", "Jankowski, R", "Le Taillandier De Gabory, L", "Dessi, P", "Coste, A", "Serrano, E", "Vergez, S", "Simon, F", "Couloigner, V", "Rumeau, C", "Michel, J"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387072", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this article is to give rhinologists advice on how to adapt their standard practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main goal of these recommendations is to protect healthcare workers against COVID-19 while continuing to provide emergency care so as to prevent loss of chance for patients. We reviewed our recommendations concerning consultations, medical prescriptions and surgical activity in rhinology."}, {"pmid": 32382315, "pmcid": "PMC7203038", "title": "Can graphene take part in the fight against COVID-19?", "journal": "Nano Today", "authors": ["Palmieri, V", "Papi, M"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382315", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pneumonia outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global issue. The bidimensional material graphene has captured much attention due to promising antimicrobial applications and has also demonstrated antiviral efficacy. In response to this global outbreak, we summarized the current state of knowledge of graphene and virus interaction as well as possible successful applications to fight COVID-19. Antibody-conjugated graphene sheets can rapidly detect targeted virus proteins and can be useful for large population screening, but also for the development of environmental sensors and filters, given the low cost of graphene materials. The functionalized graphene has demonstrated a good viral capture capacity that, combined with heat or light-mediated inactivation, could be used as a disinfectant. Graphene sensors arrays can be implemented on standard utility textiles and drug efficacy screening. Thanks to its high versatility, we foresee that graphene may have a leading role in the fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32509416, "pmcid": "PMC7272216", "title": "Acute Respiratory Decompensation Requiring Intubation in Pregnant Women with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "AJP Rep", "authors": ["Silverstein, Jenna S", "Limaye, Meghana A", "Brubaker, Sara G", "Roman, Ashley S", "Bautista, Judita", "Chervenak, Judith", "Ratner, Adam J", "Sommer, Philip M", "Roselli, Nicole M", "Gibson, Charlisa D", "Ellenberg, David", "Penfield, Christina A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509416", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a current paucity of information about the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnant novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in North America. Data from China suggest that pregnant women with COVID-19 have favorable maternal and neonatal outcomes, with rare cases of critical illness or respiratory compromise. However, we report two cases of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 in the late preterm period admitted to tertiary care hospitals in New York City for respiratory indications. After presenting with mild symptoms, both quickly developed worsening respiratory distress requiring intubation, and both delivered preterm via caesarean delivery. These cases highlight the potential for rapid respiratory decompensation in pregnant COVID-19 patients and the maternal-fetal considerations in managing these cases."}, {"pmid": 32516503, "title": "ITP flare with mild COVID-19 infection in pregnancy: A case report.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Nesr, George", "Garnett, Catherine", "Bailey, Chris", "Arami, Siamak"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516503", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third zoonotic coronavirus to be identified in humans during the twenty-first century, after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)(Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy,of Viruses, 2020). The resultant disease, Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) (WHO, 2020), was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China (WHO, 2020) and rapidly evolved into a pandemic (WHO, 2020) within months. In the UK, the first confirmed case was identified in late January 2020 and the first COVID-19 related death was recorded in March 2020 (UK Government, 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32474988, "title": "Non-complicated evolution of COVID-19 infection in a patient with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis during treatment with adalimumab.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Valenti, M", "Facheris, P", "Pavia, G", "Gargiulo, L", "Borroni, R G", "Costanzo, A", "Narcisi, A"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474988", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339299, "pmcid": "PMC7267226", "title": "Is global BCG vaccination-induced trained immunity relevant to the progression of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Gursel, Mayda", "Gursel, Ihsan"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339299", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362564, "pmcid": "PMC7177055", "title": "COVID-19 and ENT Surgery.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Couloigner, V", "Schmerber, S", "Nicollas, R", "Coste, A", "Barry, B", "Makeieff, M", "Boudard, P", "Bequignon, E", "Morel, N", "Lescanne, E"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362564", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, clinical examination and invasive procedures on the respiratory tract and on airway-connected cavities, such as paranasal sinuses and the middle ear, expose people to direct transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by inhalation or ocular projection of contaminated droplets, and to indirect transmission by contact with contaminated hands, objects or surfaces. Estimating an R0 of COVID-19 at around 3 justified postponing non-urgent face-to-face consultations and expanding the use of teleconsultation in order to limit the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection of patients or health workers and comply with the lockdown. The health authority recommends cancellation of all medical or surgical activities, which are not urgent as long as this does not involve a loss of chance for the patient. The purpose of this cancellation is to significantly increase critical care capacity, prioritise the reception of patients with COVID-19, prioritise the allocation of staff and provision of the equipment necessary for their medical or surgical management, and contribute to the smooth running of downstream critical care within their establishment. Another goal is to reduce the risks of patient contamination within healthcare facilities. This document provides guidance on how to proceed with and adapt ENT surgery in the current pandemic context, as well as on the management of postponed operations. This best practice advice must of course be adapted in each region according to the development of the epidemic and pre-existing arrangements. Their local application can only be decided within the framework of collaboration between the ENT teams, the operational hygiene units and all the other specialties concerned."}, {"pmid": 32223353, "title": "Biological treatment during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Sriwijitalai, Won", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223353", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427199, "pmcid": "PMC7232066", "title": "Maternal Fetal Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Crombleholme, Timothy M", "Moise, Kenneth J Jr"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427199", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368797, "pmcid": "PMC7267416", "title": "Rethinking the role of senior medical students in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Wang, Jim H-S", "Tan, Sarah", "Raubenheimer, Kyle"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368797", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380844, "title": "Canadian Society of Thoracic Radiology/Canadian Association of Radiologists Consensus Statement Regarding Chest Imaging in Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Dennie, Carole", "Hague, Cameron", "Lim, Robert S", "Manos, Daria", "Memauri, Brett F", "Nguyen, Elsie T", "Taylor, Jana"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380844", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared infection related to a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) a pandemic. The role and impact of imaging predates this declaration and continues to change rapidly. This article is a consensus statement provided by the Canadian Society of Thoracic Radiology and the Canadian Association of Radiologists outlining the role of imaging in COVID-19 patients. The objectives are to answer key questions related to COVID-19 imaging of the chest and provide guidance for radiologists who are interpreting such studies during this pandemic. The role of chest radiography (CXR), computed tomography (CT), and lung ultrasound is discussed. This document attempts to answer key questions for the imager when dealing with this crisis, such as \"When is CXR appropriate in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection?\" or \"How should a radiologist deal with incidental findings of COVID-19 on CT of the chest done for other indications?\" This article also provides recommended reporting structure for CXR and CT, breaking diagnostic possibilities for both CXR and CT into 3 categories: typical, nonspecific, and negative based on imaging findings with representative images provided. Proposed reporting language is also outlined based on this structure. As our understanding of this pandemic evolves, our appreciation for how imaging fits into the workup of patients during this unprecedented time evolves as well. Although this consensus statement was written using the most recent literature, it is important to maintain an open mind as new information continues to surface."}, {"pmid": 32371231, "pmcid": "PMC7175865", "title": "Computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 surveillance by wastewater-based epidemiology locally and globally: Feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Hart, Olga E", "Halden, Rolf U"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371231", "countries": ["Italy", "Spain", "China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the economic and practical limits of medical screening for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 coming sharply into focus worldwide, scientists are turning now to wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) as a potential tool for assessing and managing the pandemic. We employed computational analysis and modeling to examine the feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges of enumerating active coronavirus infections locally and globally using WBE. Depending on local conditions, detection in community wastewater of one symptomatic/asymptomatic infected case per 100 to 2,000,000 non-infected people is theoretically feasible, with some practical successes now being reported from around the world. Computer simulations for past, present and emerging epidemic hotspots (e.g., Wuhan, Milan, Madrid, New York City, Teheran, Seattle, Detroit and New Orleans) identified temperature, average in-sewer travel time and per-capita water use as key variables. WBE surveillance of populations is shown to be orders of magnitude cheaper and faster than clinical screening, yet cannot fully replace it. Cost savings worldwide for one-time national surveillance campaigns are estimated to be in the million to billion US dollar range (US$), depending on a nation's population size and number of testing rounds conducted. For resource poor regions and nations, WBE may represent the only viable means of effective surveillance. Important limitations of WBE rest with its inability to identify individuals and to pinpoint their specific locations. Not compensating for temperature effects renders WBE data vulnerable to severe under-/over-estimation of infected cases. Effective surveillance may be envisioned as a two-step process in which WBE serves to identify and enumerate infected cases, where after clinical testing then serves to identify infected individuals in WBE-revealed hotspots. Data provided here demonstrate this approach to save money, be broadly applicable worldwide, and potentially aid in precision management of the pandemic, thereby helping to accelerate the global economic recovery that billions of people rely upon for their livelihoods."}, {"pmid": 32454071, "pmcid": "PMC7245324", "title": "IS TEICOPLANIN A COMPLEMENTARY TREATMENT OPTION FOR COVID-19? THE QUESTION REMAINS.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Ceccarelli, Giancarlo", "Alessandri, Francesco", "d'Ettorre, Gabriella", "Borrazzo, Cristian", "Spagnolello, Ornella", "Oliva, Alessandra", "Ruberto, Franco", "Mastroianni, Claudio M", "Pugliese, Francesco", "Venditti, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454071", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376410, "pmcid": "PMC7196540", "title": "Changes in Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Practices in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from a North American Survey.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Forbes, Nauzer", "Smith, Zachary L", "Spitzer, Rebecca L", "Keswani, Rajesh N", "Wani, Sachin B", "Elmunzer, B Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376410", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366172, "title": "COVID-19 and the Widening Gap in Health Inequity.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Krouse, Helene J"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366172", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought to light significant health inequities that have existed in our society for decades. Blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans, and immigrants are the populations most likely to experience disparities related to burden of disease, health care, and health outcomes. Increasingly, national and state statistics on COVID-19 report disproportionately higher mortality rates in blacks. There has never been a more pressing time for us to enact progressive and far-reaching changes in social, economic, and political policies that will shape programs aimed at improving the health of all people living in the United States."}, {"pmid": 32450452, "pmcid": "PMC7202803", "title": "Access barriers to electroconvulsive therapy during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Daniel, Hernandez-Huerta", "Begona, Alonso-Sanchez Elena"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450452", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368800, "pmcid": "PMC7267342", "title": "Otolaryngology Resident Practices and Perceptions in the Initial Phase of the U.S. COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Laryngoscope", "authors": ["Cai, Yi", "Jiam, Nicole T", "Wai, Katherine C", "Shuman, Elizabeth A", "Roland, Lauren T", "Chang, Jolie L"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368800", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had widespread implications on clinical practice at U.S. hospitals. These changes are particularly relevant to otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) residents because reports suggest an increased risk of contracting COVID-19 for otolaryngologists. The objectives of this study were to evaluate OHNS residency program practice changes and characterize resident perceptions during the initial phase of the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey of U.S. OHNS residents at 81 programs was conducted between March 23, 2020, and March 29, 2020. Eighty-two residents from 51 institutions (63% of invited programs) responded. At the time of survey, 98% of programs had enacted policy changes to minimize COVID-19 spread. These included filtered respirator use for aerosol-generating procedures even in COVID-19-negative patients (85%), decreased resident staffing of surgeries (70%), and reduced frequency of tracheotomy care (61%). The majority of residents (66%) perceived that residents were at higher risk of contracting COVID-19 compared to attendings. Residents were most concerned about protective equipment shortage (93%) and transmitting COVID-19 to patients (90%). The majority of residents (73%) were satisfied with their department's COVID-19 response. Resident satisfaction correlated with comfort level in discussing concerns with attendings (r = 0.72, P\u2009<\u2009.00001) and inversely correlated with perceptions of increased risk compared to attendings (r = -0.52, P\u2009<\u2009.00001). U.S. OHNS residency programs implemented policy changes quickly in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Sources of resident anxieties demonstrate the importance of open communication and an integrated team approach to facilitate optimal patient and provider care during this unprecedented crisis. 4. Laryngoscope, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32397005, "pmcid": "PMC7272944", "title": "Deaths in healthcare workers due to COVID-19: the need for robust data and analysis.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Kursumovic, E", "Lennane, S", "Cook, T M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397005", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347200, "pmcid": "PMC7189649", "title": "Strong associations and moderate predictive value of early symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 test positivity among healthcare workers, the Netherlands, March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Tostmann, Alma", "Bradley, John", "Bousema, Teun", "Yiek, Wing-Kee", "Holwerda, Minke", "Bleeker-Rovers, Chantal", "Ten Oever, Jaap", "Meijer, Corianne", "Rahamat-Langendoen, Janette", "Hopman, Joost", "van der Geest-Blankert, Nannet", "Wertheim, Heiman"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347200", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare workers (n\u2009=\u2009803) with mild symptoms were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (n\u2009=\u200990 positive) and asked to complete a symptom questionnaire. Anosmia, muscle ache, ocular pain, general malaise, headache, extreme tiredness and fever were associated with positivity. A predictive model based on these symptoms showed moderate discriminative value (sensitivity: 91.2%; specificity: 55.6%). While our models would not justify presumptive SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis without molecular confirmation, it can contribute to targeted screening strategies."}, {"pmid": 32520228, "title": "Sensitivity of the Wondfo One Step COVID-19 test using serum samples.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Santos, Vera Aparecida Dos", "Rafael, Mayra Matias", "Sabino, Ester Cerdeira", "Duarte, Alberto Jose da Silva"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520228", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473665, "pmcid": "PMC7255759", "title": "COVID-19 in Africa: no room for complacency.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473665", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32043842, "title": "[2019-novel coronavirus infection in a three-month-old baby].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Y H", "Lin, D J", "Xiao, M F", "Wang, J C", "Wei, Y", "Lei, Z X", "Zeng, Z Q", "Li, L", "Li, H A", "Xiang, W"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32043842", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405099, "pmcid": "PMC7218377", "title": "The facemask in public and healthcare workers: a need, not a belief.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Sergi, C M", "Leung, A K C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405099", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347745, "pmcid": "PMC7196891", "title": "Ethical aspects of the COVID-19 crisis: How to deal with an overwhelming shortage of acute beds.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care", "authors": ["Vincent, Jean-Louis", "Creteur, Jacques"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347745", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has and continues to put huge pressure on intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. Many patients with COVID-19 require some form of respiratory support and often have prolonged ICU stays, which results in a critical shortage of ICU beds. It is therefore not always physically possible to treat all the patients who require intensive care, raising major ethical dilemmas related to which patients should benefit from the limited resources and which should not. Here we consider some of the approaches to the acute shortages seen during this and other epidemics, including some guidelines for triaging ICU admissions and treatments."}, {"pmid": 32495336, "title": "[Nurses: A Voice to Lead, Nursing the World to Health-Viewing COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention Efforts in Light of Nightingale's Perspective on Infection Control].", "journal": "Hu Li Za Zhi", "authors": ["Peng, Mei-Tzi"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Florence Nightingale (1820-1910), extolled as the founder of modern nursing, contributed greatly to the advancement of modern public health. Written 150 years ago, Nightingale's advice on infection control, addressing the importance of hand washing, environmental sanitation, ventilation, sunshine, statistical data, and health literacy, remains highly relevant in today's global fight against the coronavirus. In honor of Florence Nightingale's 200th birthday, World Health Organization declared 2020 the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife. The era of \"Nurses: A Voice to Lead - Nursing the World to Health\" is drawing near. This article addresses the profound impact of Nightingale's infection control and public health perspectives on measures currently being taken to contain coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, we call on governments throughout the world to invest proactively in nursing to assure the safety of patients and promote public health in order to achieve the pledge of the United Nations' sustainable development goals to leave no one behind."}, {"pmid": 32150796, "pmcid": "PMC7162995", "title": "How to train the health personnel for protecting themselves from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection during their patient or suspected case care.", "journal": "J Educ Eval Health Prof", "authors": ["Huh, Sun"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32150796", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386675, "pmcid": "PMC7188645", "title": "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 136 cases of COVID-19 in main district of Chongqing.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chen, Peng", "Zhang, Ying", "Wen, Yongsheng", "Guo, Jinjun", "Jia, Jinwei", "Ma, Yu", "Xu, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386675", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We did a comprehensive exploration of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 136 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in main district of Chongqing which was adjacent to the west of Hubei province. This study was conducted on 136 patients with COVID-19 in main district of Chongqing from Jan 25 to Feb 20, 2020. Data of patients included demographic, epidemiological, clinical features, chest radiographs of imported cases, local cases, second-generation cases and third-generation cases. Student's t-test was adopted for quantitative variables while Pearson Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. The median age was 47 years and common symptoms of illness were cough (50.7%), fever (47.1%) and fatigue (14.0%). The time from contact symptomatic case to illness was 7.7 days, and 88 patients (64.7%) were cluster cases, radiological evidence found bilateral lung involvement was common (57.4%).Compared with the imported cases, the local cases were significantly older, the proportion of men is lower. There was higher proportion of cluster cases in local cases. Unlike imported cases, which fever was the dominant symptom, the local cases have more cough patients, with a significant higher proportion of asymptomatic patients. The\u00a0third-generation cases have a significant higher proportion of asymptomatic patients. We concluded the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the cases andsuggested to take more comprehensive measures for screening patients, especially for elderly person, avoid family gatherings, and implement more closely surveillance of suspect patients and their close contacts."}, {"pmid": 32515332, "title": "[COVID-19 associated severe psychotic relapse].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Hansen, David Hvidtfelt", "Baandrup, Lone", "Hageman, Ida"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515332", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a case report of a 42-year-old patient, who was admitted to hospital with clinical pneumonia. The only positive test result was for SARS-CoV-2. After a few days of treatment, the patient was discharged in stable condition for isolation at home. The patient had previously had contact with the mental health services and was diagnosed with catatonic schizophrenia but had been without outpatient contact or treatment for the last four years. After seven days he was admitted in a state of severe psychosis. This begs the question if the psychotic relapse was triggered by a neuroinflammatory response caused by SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32503602, "pmcid": "PMC7273375", "title": "Two Randomized Controlled Trials of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccination to reduce absenteeism among health care workers and hospital admission by elderly persons during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structured summary of the study protocols for two randomised controlled trials.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Ten Doesschate, Thijs", "Moorlag, Simone J C F M", "van der Vaart, Thomas W", "Taks, Esther", "Debisarun, Priya", "Ten Oever, Jaap", "Bleeker-Rovers, Chantal P", "Verhagen, Patricia Bruijning", "Lalmohamed, Arief", "Ter Heine, Rob", "van Crevel, Reinout", "van de Wijgert, Janneke", "Janssen, Axel B", "Bonten, Marc J", "van Werkhoven, Cornelis H", "Netea, Mihai G"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503602", "countries": ["Denmark", "Netherlands"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objectives of these two separate trials are: (1) to reduce health care workers (HCWs) absenteeism; and (2) to reduce hospital admission among the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic through BCG vaccination. Two separate multi-centre placebo-controlled parallel group randomized trials PARTICIPANTS: (1) Health care personnel working in the hospital or ambulance service where they will take care of patients with the COVID-19 infection and (2) elderly \u226560 years. The HCW trial is being undertaken in 9 hospitals. The elderly trial is being undertaken in locations in the community in Nijmegen, Utrecht, and Veghel, in the Netherlands, using senior citizen organisations to facilitate recruitment. For both trials the intervention group will be randomized to vaccination with 0.1 ml of the licensed BCG vaccine (Danish strain 1331, SSI, Denmark, equivalent to 0.075 mg attenuated M. bovis). The placebo group consists of 0.1 ml 0.9% NaCl, which is the same amount, and has the same colour and appearance as the suspended BCG vaccine. (1) Number of days of unplanned work absenteeism in HCWs for any reason which can be continuously measured on a bi-weekly basis, and (2) the cumulative incidence of hospital admission due to documented COVID-19. Participants will be randomized to BCG vaccine or placebo (1;1) centrally using a computer- based system, stratified by study centre. Subjects, investigators, physicians and outcome assessors are blinded for the intervention. Only the pharmacist assistant that prepares- and research personnel that administers- study medicines are unblinded. NUMBERS TO BE RANDOMISED (SAMPLE SIZE): (1) The sample size for the first trial is N=1500 HCWs randomised 1:1 to either BCG vaccine (n=750) and placebo (n=750) and (2) The sample size for the second trial is N=1600 elderly persons randomised to BCG vaccine (n=800) and the placebo group (n=800). HCW: version 4.0, 24-04-2020. Recruitment began 25-03-2020 and was completed on the 23-04-2020. Elderly: version 3.0, 04-04-2020. Recruitment began 16-04- 2020 and is ongoing. The HCWs trial was registered 31-03-2020 at clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT04328441) and registered 20-03-2020 at the Dutch Trial Registry (trialregister.nl, identifier Trial NL8477). The elderly trial was registered 22-04-2020 at the Dutch trial registry with number NL8547. The full protocols will be attached as additional files, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32145188, "pmcid": "PMC7158986", "title": "Outbreak investigation for COVID-19 in northern Vietnam.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Thanh, Hai Nguyen", "Van, Truong Nguyen", "Thu, Huong Ngo Thi", "Van, Binh Nghiem", "Thanh, Binh Doan", "Thu, Ha Phung Thi", "Kieu, Anh Nguyen Thi", "Viet, Nhung Nguyen", "Marks, Guy B", "Fox, Greg J", "Nguyen, Thu-Anh"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145188", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479911, "pmcid": "PMC7256557", "title": "COVID-19-associated encephalitis mimicking glial tumor: a case report.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Efe, Ibrahim Efecan", "Aydin, Orhun Utku", "Alabulut, Alper", "Celik, Ozgur", "Aydin, Kerameddin"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479911", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reports on neurologic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have attracted broad attention. We present an unusual case of COVID-19-associated encephalitis mimicking a glial tumor. A 35-year-old woman presented with headache and seizures. T2 fluid-attenuated inverse recovery imaging showed hyperintensities in the left temporal lobe. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed an elevated choline peak. Imaging findings were suggestive of high-grade glioma. Antiepileptic medication failed to achieve seizure control. A left anterior temporal lobectomy was performed. The patient had no postoperative deficits, and her symptoms completely improved. Histologic examination revealed encephalitis. Postoperatively, our patient tested positive for COVID-19. Our case raises awareness of neurologic manifestations of the disease and their potential to mimic glial tumors. For prompt diagnosis and prevention of transmission, clinicians should consider COVID-19 in patients with similar presentation."}, {"pmid": 32501017, "title": "Novel coronavirus and regular physical activity involvement: Opinion.", "journal": "Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med", "authors": ["Onagbiye, Sunday O", "Mchiza, Zandile J R", "Bassett, Susan H", "Travill, Andre", "Eijnde, Bert O"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501017", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (NCOVID-19) has quickly become a public health concern globally and needs urgent attention. While there is no current evidence of vaccines and specific drugs to prevent and treat the ailments emanating from NCOVID-19 infections, complementary and conventional medical treatments could prove beneficial in ameliorating some of the respiratory difficulties, especially in countries in sub-Saharan Africa. These treatments include specific breathing exercises, a diet that strengthens the immune system, as well as avoiding tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. On the other hand, for those who have not contracted the virus, participation in indoor and within-the-yard physical activity could be beneficial in preventing unwanted weight gain as well as associated conditions such as anxiety and depression."}, {"pmid": 32439650, "title": "Preserving Access: A Review of Stroke Thrombectomy during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Leslie-Mazwi, T M", "Fargen, K M", "Levitt, M", "Derdeyn, C P", "Feske, S K", "Patel, A B", "Hirsch, J A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439650", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thrombectomy for large-vessel-occlusion stroke is a highly impactful treatment. The spread of coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) across the United States and the globe impacts access to this crucial intervention through widespread societal and institutional changes. In this document, we review the implications of COVID-19 on the emergency care of large-vessel occlusion stroke, reviewing specific infection-control recommendations, available literature, existing resources, and expert consensus. As a population, patients with large-vessel occlusion stroke face unique challenges during pandemics. These are broad in scope. Responses to these challenges through adaptation of stroke systems of care and with imaging, thrombectomy, and postprocedural care are detailed. Preservation of access to thrombectomy must be prioritized for its public health impact. While the extent of required changes will vary by region, tiered planning for both escalation and de-escalation of measures must be a part of each practice. In addition, preparations described serve as templates in the event of future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32437699, "pmcid": "PMC7234777", "title": "COVID-19 screening of health-care workers in a London maternity hospital.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Khalil, Asma", "Hill, Robert", "Ladhani, Shamez", "Pattisson, Katherine", "O'Brien, Pat"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437699", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203710, "pmcid": "PMC7118603", "title": "Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Feng, Shuo", "Shen, Chen", "Xia, Nan", "Song, Wei", "Fan, Mengzhen", "Cowling, Benjamin J"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203710", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32035537, "pmcid": "PMC7138046", "title": "Offline: 2019-nCoV-\"A desperate plea\".", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035537", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379027, "title": "Do I Have Coronavirus?", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Chang, Tina"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379027", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293709, "pmcid": "PMC7262314", "title": "Could HIV infection alter the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection? When less is better.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Mascolo, Silvia", "Romanelli, Antonio", "Carleo, Maria Aurora", "Esposito, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293709", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the first case of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in the literature. With this letter, we proposed a hypothesis that could explain the interaction between HIV infection and the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32100487, "pmcid": "PMC7113450", "title": "Emergent Strategies for the Next Phase of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Huh, Kyungmin", "Shin, Hyoung Shik", "Peck, Kyong Ran"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100487", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470146, "title": "Elevated interleukin-6 is associated with severity of COVID-19: a meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhu, Jieyun", "Pang, Jielong", "Ji, Pan", "Zhong, Zhimei", "Li, Hongyuan", "Li, Bocheng", "Zhang, Jianfeng"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470146", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world since its emergence in humans last December. Previous studies suggested that numerous markers of inflammation were elevated in patients in with severe disease relative to patients with milder conditions, and an elevated level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was associated with a high case fatality of COVID-19 infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32290887, "pmcid": "PMC7205552", "title": "COVID-19: What paramedics need to know!", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Buick, Jason E", "Cheskes, Sheldon", "Feldman, Michael", "Verbeek, P Richard", "Hillier, Morgan", "Leong, Yuen Chin", "Drennan, Ian R"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290887", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291894, "pmcid": "PMC7262064", "title": "Cytosine drives evolution of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Environ Microbiol", "authors": ["Danchin, Antoine", "Marliere, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291894", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319148, "title": "COVID-19: searching for clues among other respiratory viruses.", "journal": "Immunol Cell Biol", "authors": ["Nguyen-Robertson, Catriona", "Haque, Ashraful", "Mintern, Justine", "La Flamme, Anne C"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319148", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442268, "title": "Stroke in a young COVID -19 patient.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Gunasekaran, Kulothungan", "Amoah, Kwesi", "Rajasurya, Venkat", "Buscher, Michael G"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442268", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374541, "title": "[Diabetes and COVID-19 infection].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Kosinski, Christophe", "Zanchi, Anne", "Wojtusciszyn, Anne"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374541", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on the epidemiological data currently available, diabetes does not seem to be a risk factor for infection with SARS-CoV-2 but may be associated with a more severe course. Diabetes is extremely common in older patients with co-morbidities who are at risk of unfavorable outcomes. As with any other infection, poorly controlled pre-existing diabetes can promote secondary infections and lead to acute complications related to hyperglycemia, worsened itself by the infection. It is important to advise patients to have enough diabetic equipment and supplies at home, to make regular blood glucose self-tests, and to contact a caregiver immediately in case of glycemic imbalance or signs of infection. Antidiabetic therapy may need adjustments following usual sick day rules. Insulin therapy should be considered to treat any persistent hyperglycemia in patients hospitalized for an acute infection."}, {"pmid": 32440688, "title": "Technological devices in COVID-19 primary care management: the Italian experience.", "journal": "Fam Pract", "authors": ["Bressy, Silvia", "Zingarelli, Enrico M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440688", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32208412, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.", "journal": "Panminerva Med", "authors": ["Patrucco, Filippo", "Gavelli, Francesco", "Shi, Rui", "De Vita, Nello", "Pavot, Arthur", "Castello, Luigi M", "Ravanini, Paolo", "Balbo, Piero E"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208412", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436486, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: mental health and beyond - The Indian perspective.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Mukherjee, Abir", "Bandopadhyay, Gargi", "Chatterjee, Seshadri Sekhar"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436486", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "India is a de facto continent in the garb of a country. COVID-19 is an unprecedented global pandemic spanning continents. Being the second most populous country in the world, experts regard how India deals with the outbreak will have enormous impact on the world's ability to deal with it. The country has been in lockdown since 25th March 2020 until the current time of early May 2020, and despite several challenges there has been early success. The major conflict now is the health benefits weighed up against the deleterious social and economic consequences of prolonged lockdown i.e. life versus livelihood. This unprecedented calamity could potentially cause or exacerbate various psychiatric disorders. It is recognised that lifestyle changes and limited screen time may help reduce mental health difficulties. Considering the physical barriers to consultation, development of telemedicine services is needed. This pandemic, like other previous pandemics, will pass and until this happens we must remain extremely vigilant."}, {"pmid": 32510975, "title": "Thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19: Anti-FXa - The Missing Factor?", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Dutt, Tina", "Simcox, David", "Downey, Colin", "McLenaghan, Daniella", "King, Charlotte", "Gautam, Manish", "Lane, Steven", "Burhan, Hassan"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510975", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247322, "pmcid": "PMC7270863", "title": "Medical student involvement in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247322", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265365, "pmcid": "PMC7173093", "title": "Obstetric Anesthesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Bauer, Melissa", "Bernstein, Kyra", "Dinges, Emily", "Delgado, Carlos", "El-Sharawi, Nadir", "Sultan, Pervez", "Mhyre, Jill M", "Landau, Ruth"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265365", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With increasing numbers of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) cases due to efficient human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the United States, preparation for the unpredictable setting of labor and delivery is paramount. The priorities are two-fold in the management of obstetric patients with COVID-19 infection or persons under investigation (PUI): (1) caring for the range of asymptomatic to critically ill pregnant and postpartum women; (2) protecting health care workers and beyond from exposure during the delivery hospitalization (health care providers, personnel, family members). The goal of this review is to provide evidence-based recommendations, or expert opinion when evidence is limited, for anesthesiologists caring for pregnant women during the COVID 19 pandemic, with a focus on preparedness and best clinical obstetric anesthesia practice."}, {"pmid": 32473953, "pmcid": "PMC7255746", "title": "Diagnostic performance of 7 rapid IgG/IgM antibody tests and the Euroimmun IgA/IgG ELISA in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Van Elslande, Jan", "Houben, Els", "Depypere, Melissa", "Brackenier, Anouk", "Desmet, Stefanie", "Andre, Emmanuel", "Van Ranst, Marc", "Lagrou, Katrien", "Vermeersch, Pieter"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473953", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the diagnostic performance of seven rapid IgG/IgM tests and the Euroimmun IgA/IgG ELISA for antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in COVID-19 patients. Specificity was evaluated in 103 samples collected before January 2020. Sensitivity and time to seropositivity was evaluated in 167 samples from 94 patients with COVID-19 confirmed with RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swab. Specificity (confidence interval) of lateral flow assays (LFAs) was \u226591.3% (84.0-95.5) for IgM, \u226590.3% (82.9-94.8) for IgG, and \u226585.4% (77.2-91.1) for the combination IgM OR IgG. Specificity of the ELISA was 96.1% (90.1-98.8) for IgG and only 73.8% (64.5-81.4) for IgA. Sensitivity 14-25\u00a0days after the onset of symptoms was between \u226592.1% (78.5-98.0) and 100% (95.7-100) for IgG LFA compared to 89.5% (75.3-96.4) for IgG ELISA. Positivity of IgM OR IgG for LFA resulted in a decrease in specificity compared to IgG alone without a gain in diagnostic performance, except for VivaDiag. The results for IgM varied significantly between the LFAs with an average overall agreement of only 70% compared to 89% for IgG. The average dynamic trend to seropositivity for IgM was not shorter than for IgG. At the time of hospital admission the sensitivity of LFA was <60%. Sensitivity for the detection of IgG antibodies 14-25\u00a0days after the onset of symptoms was \u226592.1% for all seven LFAs compared to 89.5% for the IgG ELISA. The results for IgM varied significantly, and including IgM antibodies in addition to IgG for the interpretation of LFAs did not improve the diagnostic performance."}, {"pmid": 32363760, "pmcid": "PMC7267148", "title": "Challenges for mental health services during the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak in Germany.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Thome, Johannes", "Coogan, Andrew N", "Fischer, Matthias", "Tucha, Oliver", "Faltraco, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363760", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531476, "pmcid": "PMC7282733", "title": "Suggestions from Cremona, Italy - two months into the pandemic at the frontline of COVID-19 in Europe.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Pan, Angelo", "Matteo, Giorgi-Pierfranceschi", "Giancarlo, Bosio", "Lorenzo, Cammelli", "Laura, Romanini"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531476", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362425, "pmcid": "PMC7177129", "title": "COVID-19: Anesthesia Management Recommendations.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Herman, Jared A", "Urits, Ivan", "Kaye, Alan D", "Urman, Richard D", "Viswanath, Omar"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362425", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426113, "pmcid": "PMC7219006", "title": "Could pulmonary arterial hypertension patients be at a lower risk from severe COVID-19?", "journal": "Pulm Circ", "authors": ["Horn, Evelyn M", "Chakinala, Murali", "Oudiz, Ronald", "Joseloff, Elizabeth", "Rosenzweig, Erika B"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426113", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434963, "title": "2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: SOS Alert for Dentists.", "journal": "J Contemp Dent Pract", "authors": ["Vidya, G S", "Patil, Shankargouda", "Raj, A Thirumal"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434963", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 31, 2020, novel coronavirus (nCoV), a zoonotic virus yet to be identified into the taxonomy, created a powerful ripple through mankind that the World Health Organization has declared a global health emergency.1 This is definitely not the first time that an alarm has been rung by this family of viruses. Epidemic impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to SARS CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) by MERS CoV has engraved their place in the scientific literature.2 In general, CoV is known to cause respiratory diseases in humans and accounts for one-third of common cold infections.3 The current outbreak by 2019 nCoV in the Chinese city of Wuhan began in December 2019, has infected nearly 102,188 with 3,491 deaths reported as of March 7, 2020, and has spread to nearly 92 countries.1,4 An assumed incubation period between 2 and 14 days, with flu-like symptoms, may progress into severe pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome which may be the reason for mortality.5,6."}, {"pmid": 32281674, "pmcid": "PMC7262297", "title": "COVID-19 indirect contact transmission through the oral mucosa must not be ignored.", "journal": "J Oral Pathol Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Ze", "Zhang, Lichao", "Wang, Yanqiao"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281674", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284558, "title": "How COVID-19 could ruin weather forecasts and climate records.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Viglione, Giuliana"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284558", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380344, "pmcid": "PMC7167568", "title": "The ethics of scare: COVID-19 and the Philippines' fear appeals.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Biana, H T", "Joaquin, J J B"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380344", "countries": ["Philippines"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409443, "title": "Respiratory failure in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Vashisht, Rishik", "Duggal, Abhijit"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409443", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The management of patients with COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome focuses on identifying the causes for respiratory failure and on following best practices for supportive care with oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation. In this patient population, appropriate measures need to be taken to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. Nearly 90% of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU need mechanical ventilation and most of these develop severe ARDS, which causes high morbidity and mortality. These patients need to be managed according to guidelines for the low-tidal-volume lung-protective ventilation. Practitioners also need to evaluate for other potential causes of respiratory failure."}, {"pmid": 32313407, "pmcid": "PMC7167534", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic in India: What Lies Ahead.", "journal": "Indian J Clin Biochem", "authors": ["Mitra, Prasenjit", "Misra, Sanjeev", "Sharma, Praveen"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313407", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364961, "pmcid": "PMC7194970", "title": "Severe respiratory SARS-CoV2 infection: Does ACE2 receptor matter?", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Perrotta, Fabio", "Matera, Maria Gabriella", "Cazzola, Mario", "Bianco, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364961", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus of the Coronaviridiae family that represents a major global health issue. Mechanisms implicated in virus/host cells interaction are central for cell infection and replication that in turn lead to disease onset and local damage. To enter airway and lung epithelia, SARS-CoV-2 attaches to ACE2 receptors by spike (S) glycoproteins. Molecular mechanisms that promote interaction between SARS-CoV-2 virus and host with particular focus on virus cell entry receptor ACE2 are described. We further explore the impact of underlying medical conditions and therapies including renin-angiotensin inhibitors on modulating ACE 2, which is the major SARS-CoV-2\u00a0cell entry receptor."}, {"pmid": 32379311, "pmcid": "PMC7239107", "title": "Letter: Anosmia in COVID-19: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Through the Nasoliary Epithelium and a Possible Spreading Way to the Central Nervous System-A Purpose to Study.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Armocida, Daniele", "Pesce, Alessandro", "Raponi, Ingrid", "Pugliese, Francesco", "Valentini, Valentino", "Santoro, Antonio", "Berra, Luigi Valentino"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379311", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456489, "title": "Complications and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy: where and what is the evidence?", "journal": "Hypertens Pregnancy", "authors": ["Teles Abrao Trad, Ayssa", "Ibirogba, Eniola R", "Elrefaei, Amro", "Narang, Kavita", "Tonni, Gabriele", "Picone, Olivier", "Suy, Anna", "Carreras Moratonas, Elena", "Kilby, Mark D", "Ruano, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456489", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To add to the growing evidence on SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, so as to better inform clinical decision making and optimize patient outcomes. A systematic search of relevant databases was perfomed on 25 March 2020 and a repeat search, on 10 April 2020. Reports of pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection at any time during their pregnancy were reviewed and summarized . We summarized the outcomes of a total of 155 pregnant women and 118 neonates. The evidence suggests a similar rate of severe COVID-19 cases in pregnant women and the general population. The frequency of cesarean deliveries is high, against guidelines recommendations. Limited data on COVID-19 during preganacy, associated with a wide variation in the methodology make accurate data interpretation difficult."}, {"pmid": 32235433, "pmcid": "PMC7177854", "title": "Corona Virus (COVID-19) \"Infodemic\" and Emerging Issues through a Data Lens: The Case of China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Hua, Jinling", "Shaw, Rajib"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235433", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a humanitarian emergency, which started in Wuhan in China in early December 2019, brought into the notice of the authorities in late December, early January 2020, and, after investigation, was declared as an emergency in the third week of January 2020. The WHO declared this as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 31th of January 2020, and finally a pandemic on 11th March 2020. As of March 24th, 2020, the virus has caused a casualty of over 16,600 people worldwide with more than 380,000 people confirmed as infected by it, of which more than 10,000 cases are serious. Mainly based on Chinese newspapers, social media and other digital platform data, this paper analyzes the timeline of the key actions taken by the government and people over three months in five different phases. It found that although there was an initial delay in responding, a unique combination of strong governance, strict regulation, strong community vigilance and citizen participation, and wise use of big data and digital technologies, were some of the key factors in China's efforts to combat this virus. Being inviable and non-measurable (unlike radioactive exposure), appropriate and timely information is very important to form the basic foundation of mitigation and curative measures. Infodemic, as it is termed by WHO, is a key word, where different stakeholder's participation, along with stricter regulation, is required to reduce the impact of fake news in this information age and social media. Although different countries will need different approaches, focusing on its humanitarian nature and addressing infodemic issues are the two critical factors for future global mitigation efforts."}, {"pmid": 32366773, "pmcid": "PMC7219850", "title": "COVID-19 and Trauma Care: Improvise, Adapt and Overcome!", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Dutton, Richard P", "Grissom, Thomas E", "Herbstreit, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366773", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389027, "title": "Glycemic Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in the United States.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Bode, Bruce", "Garrett, Valerie", "Messler, Jordan", "McFarland, Raymie", "Crowe, Jennifer", "Booth, Robby", "Klonoff, David C"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389027", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes has emerged as an important risk factor for severe illness and death from COVID-19. There is a paucity of information on glycemic control among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes and acute hyperglycemia. This retrospective observational study of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 adults evaluated glycemic and clinical outcomes in patients with and without diabetes and/or acutely uncontrolled hyperglycemia hospitalized March 1 to April 6, 2020. Diabetes was defined as A1C \u22656.5%. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia was defined as \u22652 blood glucoses (BGs) > 180\u2009mg/dL within any 24-hour period. Data were abstracted from Glytec's data warehouse. Among 1122 patients in 88 U.S. hospitals, 451 patients with diabetes and/or uncontrolled hyperglycemia spent 37.8% of patient days having a mean BG > 180\u2009mg/dL. Among 570 patients who died or were discharged, the mortality rate was 28.8% in 184 diabetes and/or uncontrolled hyperglycemia patients, compared with 6.2% of 386 patients without diabetes or hyperglycemia (P < .001). Among the 184 patients with diabetes and/or hyperglycemia who died or were discharged, 40 of 96 uncontrolled hyperglycemia patients (41.7%) died compared with 13 of 88 patients with diabetes (14.8%, P < .001). Among 493 discharged survivors, median length of stay (LOS) was longer in 184 patients with diabetes and/or uncontrolled hyperglycemia compared with 386 patients without diabetes or hyperglycemia (5.7 vs 4.3\u2009days, P < .001). Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, diabetes and/or uncontrolled hyperglycemia occurred frequently. These COVID-19 patients with diabetes and/or uncontrolled hyperglycemia had a longer LOS and markedly higher mortality than patients without diabetes or uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Patients with uncontrolled hyperglycemia had a particularly high mortality rate. We recommend health systems which ensure that inpatient hyperglycemia is safely and effectively treated."}, {"pmid": 32376072, "pmcid": "PMC7158807", "title": "Beware: Gastrointestinal symptoms can be a manifestation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Gastroenterol Mex", "authors": ["Schmulson, M", "Davalos, M F", "Berumen, J"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376072", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an increasing number of reports on the presentation of gastrointestinal symptoms in cases of COVID-19. To review the studies reporting gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19. Fifteen articles (2,800 patients) were identified. Gastrointestinal symptom frequency varied from 3.0% to 39.6% and included diarrhea (7.5%), n\u00e1usea (4.5%), anorexia (4.4%), vomiting (1.3%), abdominal pain (0.5%), and belching/reflux (0.3%). Those symptoms can be the first manifestation of COVID-19, but whether they reflect a better or worse prognosis, is controversial. The potential relation of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor in the digestive tract as an entry route for the virus is discussed. Gastrointestinal symptoms may be common in COVID-19, in some cases appearing as the first manifestation, even before fever and respiratory symptoms. Therefore, clinicians and gastroenterologists must be aware of those atypical cases during the current pandemic, as well as of the fecal-oral route and corresponding preventive measures."}, {"pmid": 32321606, "pmcid": "PMC7191255", "title": "A dynamic residential community-based quarantine strategy: China's experience in fighting COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Guo, Yan", "Li, Yiran", "Monroe-Wise, Aliza", "Yeung, Sai-Ching Jim", "Huang, Yixiang"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321606", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32046815, "pmcid": "PMC7029448", "title": "Laboratory readiness and response for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in expert laboratories in 30 EU/EEA countries, January 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Reusken, Chantal B E M", "Broberg, Eeva K", "Haagmans, Bart", "Meijer, Adam", "Corman, Victor M", "Papa, Anna", "Charrel, Remi", "Drosten, Christian", "Koopmans, Marion", "Leitmeyer, Katrin", "On Behalf Of Evd-LabNet And Erli-Net"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32046815", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Timely detection of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection cases is crucial to interrupt the spread of this virus. We assessed the required expertise and capacity for molecular detection of 2019-nCoV in specialised laboratories in 30 European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries. Thirty-eight laboratories in 24 EU/EEA countries had diagnostic tests available by 29 January 2020. A coverage of all EU/EEA countries was expected by mid-February. Availability of primers/probes, positive controls and personnel were main implementation barriers."}, {"pmid": 32240291, "pmcid": "PMC7138333", "title": "When Epidemics Collide: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the Opioid Crisis.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Becker, William C", "Fiellin, David A"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240291", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229605, "title": "Evaluation of Nucleocapsid and Spike Protein-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detecting Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Liu, Wanbing", "Liu, Lei", "Kou, Guomei", "Zheng, Yaqiong", "Ding, Yinjuan", "Ni, Wenxu", "Wang, Qiongshu", "Tan, Li", "Wu, Wanlei", "Tang, Shi", "Xiong, Zhou", "Zheng, Shangen"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229605", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, PCR-based nucleic acid detection cannot meet the demands for coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) diagnosis. Two hundred fourteen confirmed COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in the General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army between 18 January and 26 February 2020 were recruited. Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits based on recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid protein (rN) and spike protein (rS) were used for detecting IgM and IgG antibodies, and their diagnostic feasibility was evaluated. Among the 214 patients, 146 (68.2%) and 150 (70.1%) were successfully diagnosed with the rN-based IgM and IgG ELISAs, respectively; 165 (77.1%) and 159 (74.3%) were successfully diagnosed with the rS-based IgM and IgG ELISAs, respectively. The positive rates of the rN-based and rS-based ELISAs for antibody (IgM and/or IgG) detection were 80.4% and 82.2%, respectively. The sensitivity of the rS-based ELISA for IgM detection was significantly higher than that of the rN-based ELISA. We observed an increase in the positive rate for IgM and IgG with an increasing number of days post-disease onset (d.p.o.), but the positive rate of IgM dropped after 35 d.p.o. The positive rate of rN-based and rS-based IgM and IgG ELISAs was less than 60% during the early stage of the illness, 0 to 10 d.p.o., and that of IgM and IgG was obviously increased after 10 d.p.o. ELISA has a high sensitivity, especially for the detection of serum samples from patients after 10 d.p.o., so it could be an important supplementary method for COVID-19 diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32066541, "pmcid": "PMC7159000", "title": "Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Liang, Wenhua", "Guan, Weijie", "Chen, Ruchong", "Wang, Wei", "Li, Jianfu", "Xu, Ke", "Li, Caichen", "Ai, Qing", "Lu, Weixiang", "Liang, Hengrui", "Li, Shiyue", "He, Jianxing"], "date": "2020-02-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32066541", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398298, "pmcid": "PMC7236829", "title": "Risk Factors for Viral RNA Shedding in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Fu, Yu", "Han, Ping", "Zhu, Rui", "Bai, Tao", "Yi, Jianhua", "Zhao, Xi", "Tao, Meihui", "Quan, Runze", "Chen, Chaoyue", "Zhang, Ying", "He, Qin", "Jing, Mengjia", "Xiong, Xiaofeng", "Tian, Dean", "Yan, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398298", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433507, "pmcid": "PMC7237061", "title": "CLL and COVID-19 at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona: an interim report.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["Baumann, Tycho", "Delgado, Julio", "Montserrat, Emili"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433507", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433220, "title": "When life is put on hold, how do we hold on to life? - Challenges and Opportunities in Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Dev Behav Pediatr", "authors": ["Aishworiya, Ramkumar", "Chong, Shang Chee", "Kiing, Jennifer Sh"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433220", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282412, "pmcid": "PMC7197341", "title": "Preparing to Perform Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery on Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Rodrigues-Pinto, Ricardo", "Sousa, Ricardo", "Oliveira, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282412", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421686, "title": "Insights into COVID-19: Mining Physicians' Opinions on Social Media.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Wahbeh, Abdullah", "Nasralah, Tareq", "Al-Ramahi, Mohammad", "El-Gayar, Omar"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421686", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic outbreak is considered the most daunting public health challenge in decades. With no effective treatments and the time needed to develop a vaccine, alternatives approaches are followed to control such pandemic. To identify topics, opinions, and recommendations discussed by medical professionals about the coronavirus pandemic outbreak on social medial platform, Twitter. Using a mixed-method approach blending the capabilities of social media analytics and qualitative analysis, we analyzed coronavirus related tweets posted by medical professionals and examined their content. We used qualitative analysis to explore the collected data in order to identify relevant tweets and uncover important concepts about the phenomenon using qualitative coding. Unsupervised and supervised machine learning techniques and text analysis were used to identify topics and opinions. Data was collected from 119 medical professionals on Twitter about the coronavirus pandemic. A total of 10,096 English tweets were collected from the identified medical professionals between December 1, 2019 and April 1, 2020. We identified eight topics, namely, actions and recommendations, fighting misinformation, information and knowledge, healthcare system, symptoms and illness, immunity, testing, and infection and transmission. Tweets were mainly focused on actions and recommendations (28%) needed to control the pandemic. Many tweets warned about misleading information (20%) which could lead to more cases infected with the virus. Other tweets discussed general Knowledge and information (9%) about the virus as well as concerns about the healthcare systems and workers (9%). The remaining tweets discussed information about symptoms associated with COVID-19 (8%), immunity (7%), testing (6%), and virus infection and transmission (5%). Findings indicate that Twitter and social media platforms could help identify important and useful knowledge shared by medical professionals during the pandemic outbreak. "}, {"pmid": 32400965, "pmcid": "PMC7273014", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 and transplantation: The combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine is responsible for excessive tacrolimus trough level and unfavorable outcome.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Xia, Tian", "Wang, Yanfeng"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400965", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521196, "title": "The primary care response to COVID-19 in England's National Health Service.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Majeed, Azeem", "Maile, Edward John", "Bindman, Andrew B"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521196", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379350, "pmcid": "PMC7267327", "title": "Codon bias analysis may be insufficient for identifying host(s) of a novel virus.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Gong, Yuzhou", "Wen, Guannan", "Jiang, Jianping", "Xie, Feng"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379350", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304660, "pmcid": "PMC7195286", "title": "The Role of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons in COVID-19 Response.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Patel, Nisarg A", "Ji, Yisi D", "Odera, Sampeter L"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478553, "title": "COVID-19 has united patients and providers against institutional betrayal in health care: A battle to be heard, believed, and protected.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Klest, Bridget", "Smith, Carly P", "May, Collin", "McCall-Hosenfeld, Jennifer", "Tamaian, Andreea"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478553", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this commentary, researchers, health care consumers, and medical providers reflect on institutional betrayal during the COVID-19 pandemic in American and Canadian health care systems. Examples of institutional betrayal experienced by patients and their family members, as well as medical providers, are described. Although such examples may be more evident to the general public during the current pandemic, they do not represent new problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32512578, "title": "The effect of large-scale anti-contagion policies on the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Hsiang, Solomon", "Allen, Daniel", "Annan-Phan, Sebastien", "Bell, Kendon", "Bolliger, Ian", "Chong, Trinetta", "Druckenmiller, Hannah", "Huang, Luna Yue", "Hultgren, Andrew", "Krasovich, Emma", "Lau, Peiley", "Lee, Jaecheol", "Rolf, Esther", "Tseng, Jeanette", "Wu, Tiffany"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512578", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "United States"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Governments around the world are responding to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic1 with unprecedented policies designed to slow the growth rate of infections. Many actions, such as closing schools and restricting populations to their homes, impose large and visible costs on society, but their benefits cannot be directly observed and are currently understood only through process-based simulations2-4. Here, we compile new data on 1,717 local, regional, and national non-pharmaceutical interventions deployed in the ongoing pandemic across localities in China, South Korea, Italy, Iran, France, and the United States (US). We then apply reduced-form econometric methods, commonly used to measure the effect of policies on economic growth5,6, to empirically evaluate the effect that these anti-contagion policies have had on the growth rate of infections. In the absence of policy actions, we estimate that early infections of COVID-19 exhibit exponential growth rates of roughly 38% per day. We find that anti-contagion policies have significantly and substantially slowed this growth. Some policies have different impacts on different populations, but we obtain consistent evidence that the policy packages now deployed are achieving large, beneficial, and measurable health outcomes. We estimate that across these six countries, interventions prevented or delayed on the order of 62 million confirmed cases, corresponding to averting roughly 530 million total infections. These findings may help inform whether or when these policies should be deployed, intensified, or lifted, and they can support decision-making in the other 180+ countries where COVID-19 has been reported7."}, {"pmid": 32459567, "title": "Use of systemic therapies for psoriasis in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Kearns, Donovan G", "Uppal, Shelley", "Chat, Vipawee S", "Wu, Jashin J"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459567", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late 2019 a viral pneumonia began to spread across the world. The viral disease, COVID-19, is now officially a pandemic, causing concern for the potential risk of systemic therapies for patients with psoriasis. The purpose of this review is to analyze what is currently known about COVID-19 in regard to the safety of systemic treatment, and to provide guidelines for use in psoriasis during this pandemic. Review of guidelines from various dermatologic regulatory bodies regarding the use of systemic medications during the COVID-19 pandemic was performed and summarized. The AAD,NPF and IPC are in agreement regarding their recommendation that patients with active COVID-19 infection should discontinue any biologic therapy. Patients with active COVID-19 infections should discontinue systemic treatment for psoriasis. Patients with risk factors should discuss continuing treatment on a case by case basis."}, {"pmid": 32363143, "pmcid": "PMC7194830", "title": "COVID-19: A case report from Bangladesh perspective.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Jahan, Yasmin", "Rahman, Sohel", "Rahman, Atiqur"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363143", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 34-year-old man without any significant medical history or comorbidities, suddenly developed fever, and shortness of breath, thereby admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. He had neither a history of traveling to Coronavirus disease (COVID) prone areas nor a direct contact of COVID positive patients. His chest X-ray revealed ground-glass opacity in the right middle and lower zone of the lung. The first polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test on throat and nasal swabs for the COVID upon admission was negative. Based on the chest X-ray result, RT-PCR was done again resulted positive. The patient was primarily treated with chloroquine and azithromycin. On full recovery, he was discharged from the hospital on day 12, after two subsequent throat swab samples tested negative by PCR (24 hours apart). He was encouraged to maintain home quarantine for at least the next 14 days. SARS-CoV-2 RNA by swab remained negative and the blood sample shows the presence of antibody (both IgM and IgG) in his follow-up visit (after 7 days of hospital discharge)."}, {"pmid": 32312710, "title": "Covid-19: the precarious position of Spain's nursing homes.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rada, Aser Garcia"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312710", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265035, "pmcid": "PMC7118687", "title": "[French Sarcoma Group proposals for management of sarcoma patients during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Penel, Nicolas", "Bonvalot, Sylvie", "Minard, Veronique", "Orbach, Daniel", "Gouin, Francois", "Corradini, Nadege", "Brahmi, Mehdi", "Marec-Berard, Perrine", "Briand, Sylvain", "Gaspar, Nathalie", "Llacer, Carmen", "Carrere, Sebastien", "Dufresne, Armelle", "Le Cesne, Axel", "Blay, Jean-Yves"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265035", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203757, "pmcid": "PMC7174826", "title": "Policies on the use of respiratory protection for hospital health workers to protect from coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Int J Nurs Stud", "authors": ["Chughtai, Abrar A", "Seale, Holly", "Islam, Md Saiful", "Owais, Mohammad", "Macintyre, C Raina"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409735, "title": "Ensuring continuity of care for children with inherited metabolic diseases at the time of COVID-19: the experience of a metabolic unit in Italy.", "journal": "Genet Med", "authors": ["Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola", "Fecarotta, Simona", "Staiano, Annamaria", "Strisciuglio, Pietro", "Parenti, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409735", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512479, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Review of guidelines for resuming non-urgent imaging and procedures in radiology during Phase II.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Azam, Saif A", "Myers, Lee", "Fields, Brandon K K", "Demirjian, Natalie L", "Patel, Dakshesh", "Roberge, Eric", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali", "Reddy, Sravanthi"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512479", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was designated as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, health care systems have been forced to adapt rapidly to defer less urgent care during the crisis. The United States (U.S.) has adopted a four-phase approach to decreasing and then resuming non-essential work. Through strong restrictive measures, Phase I slowed the spread of disease, allowing states to safely diagnose, isolate, and treat patients with COVID-19. In support of social distancing measures, non-urgent studies were postponed, and this created a backlog. Now, as states transition to Phase II, restrictions on non-essential activities will ease, and radiology departments must re-establish care while continuing to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 transmission all while accommodating this backlog. In this article, we propose a roadmap that incorporates the current practice guidelines and subject matter consensus statements for the phased reopening of non-urgent and elective radiology services. This roadmap will focus on operationalizing these recommendations for patient care and workforce management. Tiered systems are proposed for the prioritization of elective procedures, with physician-to-physician communication encouraged. Infection control methods, provision of personal protective equipment (PPE), and physical distancing measures are highlighted. Finally, changes in hours of operation, hiring strategies, and remote reading services are discussed for their potential to ease the transition to normal operations."}, {"pmid": 32344310, "pmcid": "PMC7175905", "title": "Respiratory conditions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Important considerations regarding novel treatment strategies to reduce mortality.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Geier, Mark R", "Geier, David A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344310", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel virus named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) causes symptoms that are classified as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Respiratory conditions are extensively described among more serious cases of COVID-19, and the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the hallmark features of critical COVID-19 cases. ARDS can be directly life-threatening because it is associated with low blood oxygenation levels and can result in organ failure. There are no generally recognized effective treatments for COVID-19, but treatments are urgently needed. Anti-viral medications and vaccines are in the early developmental stages and may take many months or even years to fully develop. At present, management of COVID-19 with respiratory and ventilator support are standard therapeutic treatments, but unfortunately such treatments are associated with high mortality rates. Therefore, it is imperative to consider novel new therapeutic interventions to treat/ameliorate respiratory conditions associated with COVID-19. Alternate treatment strategies utilizing clinically available treatments such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusions, or erthropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy were hypothesized to increase oxygenation of tissues by alternative means than standard respiratory and ventilator treatments. It was also revealed that alternative treatments currently being considered for COVID-19 such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine by increasing hemoglobin production and increasing hemoglobin availability for oxygen binding and acetazolamine (for the treatment of altitude sickness) by causing hyperventilation with associated increasing levels of oxygen and decreasing levels of carbon dioxide in the blood may significantly ameliorate COVID-19 respiratory symptoms. In conclusion, is recommend, given HBOT, pRBC, and ESA therapies are currently available and routinely utilized in the treatment of other conditions, that such therapies be tried among COVID-19 patients with serious respiratory conditions and that future controlled-clinical trials explore the potential usefulness of such treatments among COVID-19 patients with respiratory conditions."}, {"pmid": 32336673, "pmcid": "PMC7146685", "title": "Pharmacy administration and pharmaceutical care practice in a module hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)", "authors": ["Hua, XiaoLi", "Gu, Ming", "Zeng, Fang", "Hu, Huiping", "Zhou, Tao", "Zhang, Yu", "Shi, Chen"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336673", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the pharmacy administration and pharmaceutical care in a module hospital during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic and provide reference for domestic and foreign pharmacists participating in the epidemic prevention and control. The study was performed in a Jianghan module hospital constructed at the Wuhan Convention and Exhibition Center in Wuhan, China. This is 1 of the first 3 module hospitals. One thousand eight hundred forty-eight patients were admitted to the Jianghan module hospital, and 1327 cases (71.81% of the total number) were cured and discharged. Pharmacists have successfully completed the tasks of purchase, storage, and free distribution of drugs worth \u00a51.03 million (approximately $146,000), reviewed about 20,000 electronic orders, provided one-on-one online medication consultation for 484 patients, and held 5 lectures on rational drug use knowledge, which could help reduce irrational drug use and minimize the risk involved. The new COVID-19 \"module\" pharmaceutical care model is equipped with new features such as pharmacy emergency command group, organizational structure for pharmacy administration, electronic control of drug prescription, and \"zero contact\" pharmaceutical care relying on the new media platform \"WeChat.\" This platform provides relevant pharmaceutical care for patients, such as ensuring drug supply, setting up critical care drug trolleys, designing specific drug packaging bags, creating a module radio station to broadcast rational drug use information to the patients, and other aspects. With the continuous improvement of the module hospital and the progress in in-depth knowledge about COVID-19, some aspects such as patient admission criteria and variety of drugs need to be adjusted depending on the actual situation. The pharmacists provided pharmaceutical care for 1848 patients with mild COVID-19 disease. They not only ensured the timely supply of the drugs but also reduced the incidence of drug-induced risks through medication review and guidance, thereby improving patient compliance and helping the patients rebuild their confidence in overcoming the disease. The new COVID-19 module pharmaceutical care model has played an important role in overcoming the epidemic situation of COVID-19 in China and thus can be implemented on a broader scale."}, {"pmid": 32487892, "title": "Psychological effects of Corona Virus Disease (COVID 19) on children of Health Care Workers.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Mahajan, Charu", "Kapoor, Indu", "Prabhakar, Hemanshu"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487892", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334411, "pmcid": "PMC7166100", "title": "Awareness of mental health problems in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19): A lesson from an adult man attempting suicide.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Liu, Yong", "Cao, Lin", "Li, Xiaojin", "Jia, Yingdong", "Xia, Hongtao"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334411", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343362, "pmcid": "PMC7267170", "title": "COVID-19 Preparedness in Nursing Homes in the Midst of the Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Quigley, Denise D", "Dick, Andrew", "Agarwal, Mansi", "Jones, Karen M", "Mody, Lona", "Stone, Patricia W"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343362", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434598, "title": "Can We Expect an Increased Suicide Rate Due to Covid-19?", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Devitt, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434598", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human disasters come in all shapes and sizes including wars, terrorist violence, natural events, economic recessions and depressions as well as infection. As a species more fragile than we often allow, humans would be expected to adversely react to these types of disasters in terms of mental ill health and possibly suicidal behaviour leading to increased demands on the Mental Health services. This narrative historical paper examines relevant studies into how previous disasters affected mental health and suicidal behaviour. The characteristics of what is known of the current Covid-19 disease are analysed and compared to other types of disasters with a view to gaining some insight into what we might expect. Of all the types of disasters, economic recession appears most toxic. Mitigating the worst effects of recession appears to be protective. Particularly vulnerable groups are identified in whom we might expect an increase in suicidal behaviour."}, {"pmid": 32342676, "title": "Interim Guidelines on Antiviral Therapy for COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Kim, Sun Bean", "Huh, Kyungmin", "Heo, Jung Yeon", "Joo, Eun Jeong", "Kim, Youn Jeong", "Choi, Won Suk", "Kim, Yae Jean", "Seo, Yu Bin", "Yoon, Young Kyung", "Ku, Nam Su", "Jeong, Su Jin", "Kim, Sung Han", "Peck, Kyong Ran", "Yeom, Joon Sup"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342676", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first case was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China on December 12, 2019, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread widely to other countries since January 2020. As of April 16, 2020, 10635 confirmed cases have been reported, with 230 deaths in Korea. COVID-19 patients may be asymptomatic or show various clinical manifestations, including acute symptoms such as fever, fatigue, sore throat; pneumonia presenting as acute respiratory distress syndrome; and multiple organ failure. As COVID-19 has such varied clinical manifestations and case fatality rates, no standard antiviral therapy regimen has been established other than supportive therapy. In the present guideline, we aim to introduce potentially helpful antiviral and other drug therapies based on in vivo and in vitro research and clinical experiences from many countries."}, {"pmid": 32382212, "pmcid": "PMC7204192", "title": "The Environmental Impacts of the Coronavirus.", "journal": "Environ Resour Econ (Dordr)", "authors": ["Helm, Dieter"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic has resulted in global lockdowns, sharply curtailing economic activity. It is a unique experiment with substantial impacts that will form the agenda for research. There are five sets of questions: the short-term impacts on emissions, the natural environment and environmental policy, including regulations and COP26; longer-term consequences from the deployment of macroeconomic monetary and fiscal stimuli, and investment in green deals; possible further deglobalisation and its impact on climate change and nature; intergenerational environmental impacts including debt and pollution burdens on future generations; and possible behavioural changes to the environment, both positive and negative."}, {"pmid": 32457055, "title": "Covid-19: Japan ends state of emergency but warns of \"new normal\".", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Looi, Mun-Keat"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457055", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324202, "title": "Information Technology-Based Tracing Strategy in Response to COVID-19 in South Korea-Privacy Controversies.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Park, Sangchul", "Choi, Gina Jeehyun", "Ko, Haksoo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324202", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515403, "title": "Information Overload and Infodemic in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Rathore, Farooq Azam", "Farooq, Fareeha"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515403", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world has experienced pandemics worse than the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which resulted in great loss of life and economy. However, the global effect of this pandemic has been devastating. Billions of people are in lockdown and isolation on six continents around the world. Most have easy access to information due to internet connectivity and electronic media, which has helped share information about the pandemic. However, information overload during the current COVID-19 pandemic has posed a set of challenges not encountered before. There is an \"infodemic\" in which false news, conspiracy theories, magical cures and racist news are being shared at an alarming rate, with the potential to increase anxiety and stress and even lead to loss of life. This review highlights some of these challenges and suggests general measures to avoid information overload and infodemic in the connected world of 21st century."}, {"pmid": 32458267, "title": "Therapeutic alternatives and strategies for drug conservation in the intensive care unit during times of drug shortage: a report of the Ontario COVID-19 ICU Drug Task Force.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Kanji, Salmaan", "Burry, Lisa", "Williamson, David", "Pittman, Michelle", "Dubinsky, Samuel", "Patel, Deep", "Natarajan, Sabrina", "MacLean, Robert", "Huh, Jin-Hyeun", "Scales, Damon C", "Neilipovitz, David"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458267", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) global pandemic, urgent strategies to alleviate shortages are required. Evaluation of the feasibility, practicality, and value of drug conservation strategies and therapeutic alternatives requires a collaborative approach at the provincial level. The Ontario COVID-19 ICU Drug Task Force was directed to create recommendations suggesting drug conservation strategies and therapeutic alternatives for essential drugs at risk of shortage in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations were rapidly developed using a modified Delphi method and evaluated on their ease of implementation, feasibility, and supportive evidence. This article describes the recommendations for drug conservation strategies and therapeutic alternatives for drugs at risk of shortage that are commonly used in the care of critically ill patients. Recommendations are identified as preferred and secondary ones that might be less desirable. Although the impetus for generating this document was the COVID-19 pandemic, recommendations should also be applicable for mitigating drug shortages outside of a pandemic. Proposed provincial strategies for drug conservation and therapeutic alternatives may not all be appropriate for every institution. Local implementation will require consultation from end-users and hospital administrators. Competing equipment shortages and available resources should be considered when evaluating the appropriateness of each strategy."}, {"pmid": 32255476, "pmcid": "PMC7184497", "title": "COVID-19 experience in Bergamo, Italy.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Senni, Michele"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255476", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406395, "pmcid": "PMC7218394", "title": "A model based study on the dynamics of COVID-19: Prediction and control.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Mandal, Manotosh", "Jana, Soovoojeet", "Nandi, Swapan Kumar", "Khatua, Anupam", "Adak, Sayani", "Kar, T K"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406395", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As there is no vaccination and proper medicine for treatment, the recent pandemic caused by COVID-19 has drawn attention to the strategies of quarantine and other governmental measures, like lockdown, media coverage on social isolation, and improvement of public hygiene, etc to control the disease. The mathematical model can help when these intervention measures are the best strategies for disease control as well as how they might affect the disease dynamics. Motivated by this, in this article, we have formulated a mathematical model introducing a quarantine class and governmental intervention measures to mitigate disease transmission. We study a thorough dynamical behavior of the model in terms of the basic reproduction number. Further, we perform the sensitivity analysis of the essential reproduction number and found that reducing the contact of exposed and susceptible humans is the most critical factor in achieving disease control. To lessen the infected individuals as well as to minimize the cost of implementing government control measures, we formulate an optimal control problem, and optimal control is determined. Finally, we forecast a short-term trend of COVID-19 for the three highly affected states, Maharashtra, Delhi, and Tamil Nadu, in India, and it suggests that the first two states need further monitoring of control measures to reduce the contact of exposed and susceptible humans."}, {"pmid": 32501807, "title": "Virtual Management of Cancer Patients in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Tashkandi, Emad", "Zeeneldin, A", "AlAbdulwahab, A", "Elemam, O", "Elsamany, Shereef", "Jastaniah, W", "Abdullah, S", "Alfayez, M", "Jazieh, A", "Al-Shamsi, Ho"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501807", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During COVID-19 pandemic, patients from distant geographical areas will be affected the most. Virtual management \"telemedicine\" has been shown to reduce health costs and improve access to care. The aim of this survey is to report the views of oncologists on virtual management (VM) \"awareness, challenges, preferences\" and priority of prescribing anti-cancer treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic. We created self-administrated electronic survey about VM of cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the clinical sensibility and pilot tested the instrument. We surveyed practicing oncologists using snowball sampling in the Gulf and Arab countries via emails, social media networks and sent reminders one and two weeks later using SurveyMonkey. We received 222 responses from validated respondents from April 2-April 22, 2020. Awareness of the virtual clinics, virtual multidisciplinary teams (MDT) and virtual prescriptions encountered in 82%, 79% and 75%, respectively. VM challenges were lack of physical exam in 60%, patient's awareness & access in 59%, lack of physical attendance of patients in 42%, IT support in 37% and safety of VM in 35%. 50% and 48% of oncologists did not prefer virtual prescription of chemotherapy and novel immunotherapy respectively, however, 85%, 74% and 57% preferred virtual prescription of hormonal, bone modifying agents and targeted therapy respectively Oncologists preferred to continue neoadjuvant, adjuvant & perioperative treatments in 83%, 83%, 80% respectively. 53% preferred to continue 1st line palliative treatment, in contrast to 20% and 30% preferred to interrupt 2nd and 3rd line palliative treatment respectively. All responders preferred oral route and 53% preferred subcutaneous (SC) route. In contrast, 87% did not prefer intravenous (IV) route. Forty six percent of oncologists responded \"definitely\" prefer to manage cancer patients virtually. Oncologists have high level of awareness about VM. While 2nd and 3rd line palliative treatments should be interrupted, treatments in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, peri-operative and 1st line palliative should continue. Our results confirm that oncologists' views on priority of anti-cancer treatments are consistent with evolving literature during COVID-19 pandemic. Challenges to VM should be addressed to improve the care of cancer patients. "}, {"pmid": 32331928, "pmcid": "PMC7164909", "title": "Caring for older adults with multiple myeloma during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective from the International Forum for Optimizing Care of Older Adults with Myeloma.", "journal": "J Geriatr Oncol", "authors": ["Mian, Hira", "Grant, Shakira J", "Engelhardt, Monika", "Pawlyn, Charlotte", "Bringhen, Sara", "Zweegman, Sonja", "Stege, Claudia A M", "Rosko, Ashley E", "von Lilienfeld-Toal, Marie", "Wildes, Tanya M"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331928", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317114, "pmcid": "PMC7161527", "title": "An academic allergy unit during COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Malipiero, Giacomo", "Paoletti, Giovanni", "Puggioni, Francesca", "Racca, Francesca", "Ferri, Sebastian", "Marsala, Antonino", "Leoncini, Ornella", "Porli, Monica", "Pieri, Gabriella", "Canonica, Giorgio Walter", "Heffler, Enrico"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317114", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445829, "pmcid": "PMC7235599", "title": "Impact of Covid-19 lockdown on PM10, SO2 and NO2 concentrations in Sale City (Morocco).", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Otmani, Anas", "Benchrif, Abdelfettah", "Tahri, Mounia", "Bounakhla, Moussa", "Chakir, El Mahjoub", "El Bouch, Mohammed", "Krombi, M'hamed"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445829", "countries": ["Morocco"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 was first reported in Morocco on March 2, 2020. Since then, to prevent its propagation, the Moroccan government declared a state of health emergency. A set of rapid and strict countermeasures have taken, including locking down cities, limiting population's mobility and prohibiting almost all avoidable activities. In the present study, we attempted to evaluate the changes in levels of some air pollutants (mainly PM10, NO2 and SO2) in Sal\u00e9 city (North-Western Morocco) during the lockdown measures. In this context, a continuous measurement of PM10, SO2 and NO2 was carried before and during the Covid-19 lockdown period. As a consequence of the security measures and control actions undertaken, the emissions from vehicle exhaust and industrial production were significantly reduced, which contribute to the decrease in the concentrations of the studied pollutants. The obtained results showed that the difference between the concentrations recorded before and during the lockdown period were respectively 75%, 49% and 96% for PM10, SO2 and NO2. PM10 levels were much less reduced than NO2. The three-dimensional air mass backward trajectories, using the HYSPLIT model, demonstrated the benefits of PM10 local emission reductions related to the lockdown were overwhelmed by the contribution of long-range transported aerosols outside areas. In addition, noteworthy differences in the air mass back trajectories and the meteorology between these two periods were evidenced."}, {"pmid": 32517815, "title": "COVID-19 and the re-opening of schools: a policy maker's dilemma.", "journal": "Ital J Pediatr", "authors": ["Fantini, Maria Pia", "Reno, Chiara", "Biserni, Giovanni Battista", "Savoia, Elena", "Lanari, Marcello"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517815", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and rapidly spread across the world. In order to counter this epidemic, several countries put in place different restrictive measures, such as the school's closure and a total lockdown. However, as the knowledge on the disease progresses, clinical evidence showed that children mainly have asymptomatic or mild disease and it has been suggested that they are also less likely to spread the virus. Moreover, the lockdown and the school closure could have negative consequences on children, affecting their social life, their education and their mental health. As many countries have already entered or are planning a phase of gradual lifting of the containment measures of social distancing, it seems plausible that the re-opening of nursery schools and primary schools could be considered a policy to be implemented at an early stage of recovery efforts, putting in place measures to do it safely, such as the maintenance of social distance, the reorganisation of classes into smaller groups, the provision of adequate sanitization of spaces, furniture and toys, the prompt identification of cases in the school environment and their tracing. Therefore, policy makers have the task of balancing pros and cons of the school re-opening strategy, taking into account psychological, educational and social consequences for children and their families. Another issue to be considered is represented by socio-economic disparities and inequalities which could be amplified by school's closure."}, {"pmid": 32266873, "pmcid": "PMC7189412", "title": "Targeting SARS-CoV-2: a systematic drug repurposing approach to identify promising inhibitors against 3C-like proteinase and 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Khan, Rameez Jabeer", "Jha, Rajat Kumar", "Amera, Gizachew Muluneh", "Jain, Monika", "Singh, Ekampreet", "Pathak, Amita", "Singh, Rashmi Prabha", "Muthukumaran, Jayaraman", "Singh, Amit Kumar"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266873", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic associated with SARS-CoV-2, a virus of the Coronaviridae family, has resulted in an unprecedented number of infected people. The highly contagious nature of this virus makes it imperative for us to identify promising inhibitors from pre-existing antiviral drugs. Two druggable targets, namely 3C-like proteinase (3CLpro) and 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase) were selected in this study due to their indispensable nature in the viral life cycle. 3CLpro is a cysteine protease responsible for the proteolysis of replicase polyproteins resulting in the formation of various functional proteins, whereas 2'-O-MTase methylates the ribose 2'-O position of the first and second nucleotide of viral mRNA, which sequesters it from the host immune system. The selected drug target proteins were screened against an in-house library of 123 antiviral drugs. Two promising drug molecules were identified for each protein based on their estimated free energy of binding (\u0394G), the orientation of drug molecules in the active site and the interacting residues. The selected protein-drug complexes were then subjected to MD simulation, which consists of various structural parameters to equivalently reflect their physiological state. From the virtual screening results, two drug molecules were selected for each drug target protein [Paritaprevir (\u0394G = -9.8\u2009kcal/mol) & Raltegravir (\u0394G = -7.8\u2009kcal/mol) for 3CLpro and Dolutegravir (\u0394G = -9.4\u2009kcal/mol) and Bictegravir (\u0394G = -8.4\u2009kcal/mol) for 2'-OMTase]. After the extensive computational analysis, we proposed that Raltegravir, Paritaprevir, Bictegravir and Dolutegravir are excellent lead candidates for these crucial proteins and they could become potential therapeutic drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32324352, "title": "[Medication and comedication in COVID-19 patients].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Lenkens, M", "de Wit, H", "Danser, A H", "Esselink, A C", "Horikx, A", "Ten Oever, J", "van de Veerdonk, F", "Kramers, C"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324352", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper discusses the possible effects of comedication on COVID-19 and the current treatment options for this infection. It is very doubtful that comedication has a disadvantageous effect on the course of the disease. NSAIDs should be avoided in any patient with a possible severe disease, because of potential side effects. Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system should be continued when there is a solid indication, and stopped in case of hemodynamic problems. There is no preference for either ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor inhibitors. Currently, chloroquine and remdesivir are possible treatment options. There is no sound evidence for either treatment. Chloroquine has side effects (nausea, QT prolongation) and there are several drug interactions. The treatment should be reconsidered in the event of side effects and when inferior medication for comorbidity must be prescribed because of possible interactions. Lopinavir/ritonavir is not effective. Supportive care is at present the mainstay of the treatment."}, {"pmid": 32484588, "title": "Training Oncologists in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Choudhury, Noura", "Shoushtari, Alexander"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484588", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438951, "title": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: Now is the time to refresh pandemic plans.", "journal": "J Bus Contin Emer Plan", "authors": ["Koonin, Lisa M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438951", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article outlines practical steps that businesses can take now to prepare for a pandemic. Given the current growing spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) around the world, it is imperative that businesses review their pandemic plans and be prepared in case this epidemic expands and affects more people and communities. Preparing for a potential infectious disease pandemic from influenza or a novel corona virus is an essential component of a business continuity plan, especially for businesses that provide critical healthcare and infrastructure services. Although many businesses and organisations have a pandemic plan or address pandemic preparedness in their business continuity plans, few have recently tested and updated their plans. Pandemics can not only interrupt an organisation's operations and compromise long-term viability of an enterprise, but also disrupt the provision of critical functions. Businesses that regularly test and update their pandemic plan can significantly reduce harmful impacts to the business, play a key role in protecting employees' and customers' health and safety, and limit the negative impact of a pandemic on the community and economy."}, {"pmid": 32314596, "title": "Challenges in Heart Transplantation in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["DeFilippis, Ersilia M", "Farr, Maryjane A", "Givertz, Michael M"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314596", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362650, "title": "Genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 strains among Indians returning from Italy, Iran & China, & Italian tourists in India.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Potdar, Varsha", "Cherian, Sarah S", "Deshpande, Gururaj Rao", "Ullas, Padinjaremattathil Thankappan", "Yadav, Pragya D", "Choudhary, Manohar Lal", "Gughe, Rohan", "Vipat, Veena", "Jadhav, Sheetal", "Patil, Savita", "Nyayanit, Dimpal", "Majumdar, Triparna", "Walimbe, Atul", "Gaikwad, Shivshankar", "Dighe, Hitesh", "Shete-Aich, Anita", "Mohandas, Sreelekshmy", "Chowdhury, Deepika", "Sapkal, Gajanan", "Basu, Atanu", "Gupta, Nivedita", "Gangakhedkar, Raman R", "Giri, Sidhartha", "Dar, Lalit", "Jain, Amita", "Malhotra, Bharati", "Abraham, Priya"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362650", "countries": ["India", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365277, "pmcid": "PMC7267585", "title": "Emerging dermatological symptoms in coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Gupta, Gaurav", "Singh, Yogendra", "Chellappan, Dinesh", "Dua, Kamal"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365277", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32146554, "pmcid": "PMC7087552", "title": "Containing 2019-nCoV (Wuhan) coronavirus.", "journal": "Health Care Manag Sci", "authors": ["Kaplan, Edward H"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32146554", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. While most of the initial cases were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, person-to-person transmission has been verified. Given that a vaccine cannot be developed and deployed for at least a year, preventing further transmission relies upon standard principles of containment, two of which are the isolation of known cases and the quarantine of persons believed at high risk of exposure. This note presents probability models for assessing the effectiveness of case isolation and quarantine within a community during the initial phase of an outbreak with illustrations based on early observations from Wuhan."}, {"pmid": 32529289, "pmcid": "PMC7289478", "title": "COVID-19; beyond the obvious: how do we move forward?", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Nasoodi, Afshin", "Johnston, Ciaran", "Fraioli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529289", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279064, "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and the Gastrointestinal System in Children.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Matthai, John", "Shanmugam, Naresh", "Sobhan, Prasanth"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279064", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), though primarily a respiratory pathogen, also involves the gastrointestinal tract. Similar to the respiratory mucosa, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor and transmembrane serine protease 2 TMPRSS2) co-express in the gastrointestinal tract, which facilitates viral entry into the tissue. Less than 10% of children with infection develop diarrhea and vomiting. Prolonged RT PCR positivity in the stool has raised the possibility of feco-oral transmission. Elevated transaminases are common, especially in those with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID -19) disease. Children with inflammatory bowel disease and post liver transplant patients do not have an increased risk of disease, and should remain on medications they are already on. Children with chronic liver disease should continue their medications as usual. All elective procedures like endoscopy should be postponed."}, {"pmid": 32318805, "pmcid": "PMC7171913", "title": "Treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Antaki, Fares", "Dirani, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318805", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498556, "title": "Facilitating transcatheter aortic valve implantation in the era of COVID-19: Recommendations for programmes.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs", "authors": ["Lauck, Sandra", "Forman, Jacqueline", "Borregaard, Britt", "Sathananthan, Janarthanan", "Achtem, Leslie", "McCalmont, Gemma", "Muir, Douglas", "Hawkey, Marian C", "Smith, Amanda", "Hojberg Kirk, Bettina", "Wood, David A", "Webb, John G"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498556", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic continues to significantly impact the treatment of people living with aortic stenosis, and access to transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) programmes require unique coordinated processes that are currently experiencing multiple disruptions and are guided by rapidly evolving protocols. We present a series of recommendations for TAVI programmes to adapt to the new demands, based on recent evidence and the international expertise of nurse leaders and collaborators in this field. Although recommended in most guidelines, the uptake of the role of the TAVI programme nurse is uneven across international regions. COVID-19 is further highlighting why a nurse-led central point of coordination and communication is a vital asset for patients and programmes. We propose an alternative streamlined evaluation pathway to minimize patients' pre-procedure exposure to the hospital environment while ensuring appropriate treatment decision and shared decision-making. The competing demands created by COVID-19 require vigilant wait list management, with risk stratification, telephone surveillance and optimized triage and prioritization. A minimalist approach with close scrutiny of all parts of the procedure has become an imperative to avoid any complications and ensure patients' accelerated recovery. Lastly, we outline a nurse-led protocol of rapid mobilization and reconditioning as an effective strategy to facilitate safe next-day discharge home. As the pandemic abates, TAVI programmes must facilitate access to care without compromising patient safety, enable hospitals to manage the competing demands created by COVID-19 and establish new processes to support patients living with valvular heart disease."}, {"pmid": 32500177, "pmcid": "PMC7271833", "title": "Learning from the past: did experience with previous epidemics help mitigate the impact of COVID-19 among spine surgeons worldwide?", "journal": "Eur Spine J", "authors": ["Weiner, Joseph A", "Swiatek, Peter R", "Johnson, Daniel J", "Louie, Philip K", "Harada, Garrett K", "McCarthy, Michael H", "Germscheid, Niccole", "Cheung, Jason P Y", "Neva, Marko H", "El-Sharkawi, Mohammad", "Valacco, Marcelo", "Sciubba, Daniel M", "Chutken, Norman B", "An, Howard S", "Samartzis, Dino"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500177", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Spine surgeons around the world have been universally impacted by COVID-19. The current study addressed whether prior experience with disease epidemics among the spine surgeon community had an impact on preparedness and response toward COVID-19. A 73-item survey was distributed to spine surgeons worldwide via AO Spine. Questions focused on: demographics, COVID-19 preparedness, response, and impact. Respondents with and without prior epidemic experience (e.g., SARS, H1NI, MERS) were assessed on preparedness and response via univariate and multivariate modeling. Results of the survey were compared against the Global Health Security Index. Totally, 902 surgeons from 7 global regions completed the survey. 24.2% of respondents had prior experience with global health crises. Only 49.6% reported adequate access to personal protective equipment. There were no differences in preparedness reported by respondents with prior epidemic exposure. Government and hospital responses were fairly consistent around the world. Prior epidemic experience did not impact the presence of preparedness guidelines. There were subtle differences in sources of stress, coping strategies, performance of elective surgeries, and impact on income driven by prior epidemic exposure. 94.7% expressed a need for formal, international guidelines to help mitigate the impact of the current and future pandemics. This is the first study to note that prior experience with infectious disease crises did not appear to help spine surgeons prepare for the current COVID-19 pandemic. Based on survey results, the GHSI was not an effective measure of COVID-19 preparedness. Formal international guidelines for crisis preparedness are needed to mitigate future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32524296, "title": "Pneumomediastinum and spontaneous pneumothorax as an extrapulmonary complication of COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "Emerg Radiol", "authors": ["Lopez Vega, Jesse Mauricio", "Parra Gordo, Maria Luz", "Diez Tascon, Aurea", "Ossaba Velez, Silvia"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524296", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new disease outbreak that causes atypical pneumonia named COVID-19, which started in China's Wuhan province, has quickly spread to a pandemic. Although the imaging test of choice for the initial study is plain chest radiograph, CT has proven useful in characterizing better the complications associated with this new infection. We describe the evolution of 3 patients presenting pneumomediastinum and spontaneous pneumothorax as a very rare complication of COVID-19 and their particular interest as a probable prognostic factor."}, {"pmid": 32056249, "pmcid": "PMC7166760", "title": "Overlapping and discrete aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of the emerging human pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Jia", "Zheng, Xin", "Tong, Qiaoxia", "Li, Wei", "Wang, Baoju", "Sutter, Kathrin", "Trilling, Mirko", "Lu, Mengji", "Dittmer, Ulf", "Yang, Dongliang"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32056249", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "First reported from Wuhan, The\u00a0People's Republic of China, on 31 December 2019, the ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causes great global concerns. Based on the advice of the International Health Regulations Emergency Committee and the fact that to date 24 other countries also reported cases, the WHO Director-General declared that the outbreak of 2019-nCoV constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020. Together with the other two highly pathogenic coronaviruses, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), 2019-nCov and other yet to be identified coronaviruses pose a global threat to public health. In this mini-review, we provide a brief introduction to the pathology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and extrapolate this knowledge to the newly identified 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32494921, "pmcid": "PMC7268583", "title": "31 days of COVID-19-cardiac events during restriction of public life-a comparative study.", "journal": "Clin Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Rattka, Manuel", "Baumhardt, Michael", "Dreyhaupt, Jens", "Rothenbacher, Dietrich", "Thiessen, Kevin", "Markovic, Sinisa", "Rottbauer, Wolfgang", "Imhof, Armin"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494921", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreak led to the most recent pandemic of the twenty-first century. To contain spread of the virus, many nations introduced a public lockdown. How the pandemic itself and measures of social restriction affect hospital admissions due to acute cardiac events has rarely been evaluated yet. German public authorities announced measures of social restriction between March 21st and April 20th, 2020. During this period, all patients suffering from an acute cardiac event admitted to our hospital (N\u2009=\u200994) were assessed and incidence rate ratios (IRR) of admissions for acute cardiac events estimated, and compared with those during the same period in the previous three years (2017-2019, N\u2009=\u2009361). Admissions due to cardiac events were reduced by 22% as compared to the previous years (n\u2009=\u200994 vs. an average of n\u2009=\u2009120 per year for 2017-2019). Whereas IRR for STEMI 1.20 (95% CI 0.67-2.14) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest IRR 0.82 (95% CI 0.33-2.02) remained similar, overall admissions with an IRR of 0.78 (95% CI 0.62-0.98) and IRR for NSTEMI with 0.46 (95% CI 0.27-0.78) were significantly lower. In STEMI patients, plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity troponin T at admission were significantly higher (644\u00a0ng/l, IQR 372-2388) compared to 2017-2019 (195\u00a0ng/l, IQR 84-1134; p\u2009=\u20090.02). The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and concomitant social restrictions are associated with reduced cardiac events admissions to our tertiary care center. From a public health perspective, strategies have to be developed to assure patients are seeking and getting medical care and treatment in time during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32515864, "title": "Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 for general workers.", "journal": "J Occup Health", "authors": ["Shimazu, Akihito", "Nakata, Akinori", "Nagata, Tomohisa", "Arakawa, Yutaka", "Kuroda, Sachiko", "Inamizu, Nobuyuki", "Yamamoto, Isamu"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515864", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272857, "pmcid": "PMC7249458", "title": "Role of Tissue Engineering in COVID-19 and Future Viral Outbreaks.", "journal": "Tissue Eng Part A", "authors": ["Tatara, Alexander M"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272857", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the current novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as other viral outbreaks in the 21st century, there is a dire need for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to combat infectious diseases worldwide. As a convergence science, tissue engineering has traditionally focused on the application of engineering principles to biological systems, collaboration across disciplines, and rapid translation of technologies from the benchtop to the bedside. Given these strengths, tissue engineers are particularly well suited to apply their skill set to the current crisis and viral outbreaks in general. This work introduces the basics of virology and epidemiology for tissue engineers, and highlights important developments in the field of tissue engineering relevant to the current pandemic, including in vitro model systems, vaccine technology, and small-molecule drug delivery. COVID-19 serves as a call to arms for scientists across all disciplines, and tissue engineers are well trained to be leaders and contributors in this time of need. Impact statement Given the steep mortality caused by the recent novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, there is clear need for advances in diagnostics and therapeutics for viral outbreaks. Tissue engineering has the potential for critical impact on clinical outcomes in viral outbreaks. Tissue engineers, if mobilized, could play key roles as leaders in the outbreak, given their ability to apply engineering principles to biological processes, experience in collaborative environments, and penchant for technological translation from benchtop to bedside. In this work, three areas pioneered by tissue engineers that could be applied to the current COVID-19 crisis and future viral outbreaks are highlighted."}, {"pmid": 32320677, "pmcid": "PMC7172841", "title": "Complex Immune Dysregulation in COVID-19 Patients with Severe Respiratory Failure.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J", "Netea, Mihai G", "Rovina, Nikoletta", "Akinosoglou, Karolina", "Antoniadou, Anastasia", "Antonakos, Nikolaos", "Damoraki, Georgia", "Gkavogianni, Theologia", "Adami, Maria-Evangelia", "Katsaounou, Paraskevi", "Ntaganou, Maria", "Kyriakopoulou, Magdalini", "Dimopoulos, George", "Koutsodimitropoulos, Ioannis", "Velissaris, Dimitrios", "Koufargyris, Panagiotis", "Karageorgos, Athanassios", "Katrini, Konstantina", "Lekakis, Vasileios", "Lupse, Mihaela", "Kotsaki, Antigone", "Renieris, George", "Theodoulou, Danai", "Panou, Vassiliki", "Koukaki, Evangelia", "Koulouris, Nikolaos", "Gogos, Charalambos", "Koutsoukou, Antonia"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320677", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Proper management of COVID-19 mandates better understanding of disease pathogenesis. The sudden clinical deterioration 7-8\u00a0days after initial symptom onset suggests that severe respiratory failure (SRF) in COVID-19 is driven by a unique pattern of immune dysfunction. We studied immune responses of 54 COVID-19 patients, 28 of whom had SRF. All patients with SRF displayed either macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) or very low human leukocyte antigen D related (HLA-DR) expression accompanied by profound depletion of CD4 lymphocytes, CD19 lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by circulating monocytes was sustained, a pattern distinct from bacterial sepsis or influenza. SARS-CoV-2 patient plasma inhibited HLA-DR expression, and this was partially restored by the IL-6 blocker Tocilizumab; off-label Tocilizumab treatment of patients was accompanied by increase in circulating lymphocytes. Thus, the unique pattern of immune dysregulation in severe COVID-19 is characterized by IL-6-mediated low HLA-DR expression and lymphopenia, associated with sustained cytokine production and hyper-inflammation."}, {"pmid": 32243945, "pmcid": "PMC7195335", "title": "Treatment With Convalescent Plasma for Critically Ill Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Zhang, Bin", "Liu, Shuyi", "Tan, Tan", "Huang, Wenhui", "Dong, Yuhao", "Chen, Luyan", "Chen, Qiuying", "Zhang, Lu", "Zhong, Qingyang", "Zhang, Xiaoping", "Zou, Yujian", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243945", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 24, 2020, novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for 379,661 infection cases with 16,428 deaths globally, and the number is still increasing rapidly. Herein, we present four critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who received supportive care and convalescent plasma. Although all four patients (including a pregnant woman) recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection eventually, randomized trials are needed to eliminate the effect of other treatments and investigate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy."}, {"pmid": 32514158, "title": "Correction: The challenge of COVID-19 and hematopoietic cell transplantation: EBMT recommendations for management of hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, their donors, and patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy.", "journal": "Bone Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Ljungman, Per", "Mikulska, Malgorzata", "de la Camara, Rafael", "Basak, Grzegorz W", "Chabannon, Christian", "Corbacioglu, Selim", "Duarte, Rafael", "Dolstra, Harry", "Lankester, Arjan C", "Mohty, Mohamad", "Montoto, Silvia", "Murray, John", "de Latour, Regis Peffault", "Snowden, John A", "Yakoub-Agha, Ibrahim", "Verhoeven, Bregje", "Kroger, Nicolaus", "Styczynski, Jan"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514158", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32416991, "pmcid": "PMC7252073", "title": "Spinal anaesthesia and COVID-19 transmission to anaesthetists. Response to Br J Anaesth 2020; 124: 670-5.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Smiley, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416991", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343807, "pmcid": "PMC7197567", "title": "The Elderly & COVID-19: Cocooning or Culling: - the choice is ours.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Donnelly, Sinead"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343807", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350796, "pmcid": "PMC7189828", "title": "It's not over until it's over: the chameleonic behavior of COVID-19 over a six-day period.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Fichera, Giulia", "Stramare, Roberto", "De Conti, Giorgio", "Motta, Raffaella", "Giraudo, Chiara"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350796", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current global outbreak of COVID-19 represents a major challenge in terms of epidemiology, contagiousness, treatment, as well as clinical and radiological behavior of this disease. Radiological imaging plays a key role in the diagnostic process and during the monitoring of the clinical conditions especially of patients with severe symptoms. According to the preliminary data collected in our tertiary center, we have documented a peculiar behavior in patients requiring endotracheal intubation who underwent seriate chest X-rays. In fact, the radiological pattern of COVID-19 patients may worsen despite a prompt amelioration after the onset of mechanical ventilation. Thus, according to our initial evidence, we recommend to perform seriate chest X-rays in the days following the onset of mechanical ventilation even if the immediate monitoring suggests an improvement. Studies on a larger scale are necessary to fully assess the findings at chest radiographs of critical, mechanically ventilated patients and their correlation with the long-term outcome."}, {"pmid": 32482612, "pmcid": "PMC7253966", "title": "Airborne precautions are needed against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Takefuji, Yoshiyasu"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446982, "pmcid": "PMC7241362", "title": "COVID-19 and Neurosurgical Education in Africa: Making lemonade from lemons.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Kanmounye, Ulrick Sidney", "Esene, Ignatius N"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446982", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Never in history has the fabric of African Neurosurgery been challenged as it is today with the advent of covid-19. Even the most robust and resilient neurosurgical educational systems in the continent have been brought to their knees with Neurosurgical trainees and young neurosurgeons bearing the brunt. In the face of this new reality, and in order to limit the impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic, multiple programs have implemented physical distancing which reduces in-person interactions. In some cases, residents have been asked to stay home at least till they are instructed otherwise. This unfortunate event presents an innovative opportunity for neurosurgical education in Africa. Herein, we detail the framework of an online neurosurgical education initiative to advance the education of African residents and young Neurosurgeons during and after the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32328866, "pmcid": "PMC7179953", "title": "Disability, Urban Health Equity, and the Coronavirus Pandemic: Promoting Cities for All.", "journal": "J Urban Health", "authors": ["Pineda, Victor Santiago", "Corburn, Jason"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328866", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Persons with disabilities (PWDs) living in cities during the COVID-19 pandemic response may be four times more likely to be injured or die than non-disabled persons, not because of their \"vulnerable\" position but because urban health policy, planning and practice has not considered their needs. In this article, the adverse health impacts on PWDs during the COVID-19 pandemic reveals the \"everyday emergencies\" in cities for PWDs and that these can be avoided through more inclusive community planning, a whole-of-government commitment to equal access, and implementation of universal design strategies. Importantly, COVID-19 can place PWDs at a higher risk of infection since some may already have compromised immune and respiratory systems and policy responses, such as social distancing, can lead to life-threatening disruptions in care for those that rely on home heath or personal assistants. Living in cities may already present health-damaging challenges for PWDs, such as through lack of access to services and employment, physical barriers on streets and transportation, and smart-city technologies that are not made universally accessible. We suggest that the current pandemic be viewed as an opportunity for significant urban health reforms on the scale of the sanitary and governance reforms that followed ninetieth century urban epidemics. This perspective offers insights for ensuring the twenty-first century response to COVID-19 focuses on promoting more inclusive and healthy cities for all."}, {"pmid": 32205822, "pmcid": "PMC7180130", "title": "Deep Learning Localization of Pneumonia: 2019 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Hurt, Brian", "Kligerman, Seth", "Hsiao, Albert"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205822", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491108, "pmcid": "PMC7269525", "title": "COVID-19: challenges for a new epoch.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Silva, Cleyton Martins da", "Arbilla, Graciela"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491108", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410913, "pmcid": "PMC7221379", "title": "Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Preparedness for the Novel Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic: A New York City Hospital Perspective.", "journal": "Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care", "authors": ["Verma, Sourabh", "Lumba, Rishi", "Lighter, Jennifer L", "Bailey, Sean M", "Wachtel, Elena V", "Kunjumon, Bgee", "Alessi, Samantha", "Mally, Pradeep V"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410913", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, China reported a cluster of cases of pneumonia associated with a novel pathogenic coronavirus provisionally named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Since then, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported in more than 180 countries with approximately 3 million known infections and more than 210,000 deaths attributed to this disease. The majority of confirmed COVID-19 cases have been reported in adults, especially older individuals with co-morbidities. Children have had a relatively lower rate and a less serious course of infection as reported in the literature to date. One of the most vulnerable pediatric patient populations is cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit. There is limited data on the effect of COVID-19 in fetal life, and among neonates after birth. Therefore there is an urgent need for proactive preparation, and planning to combat COVID-19, as well as to safeguard patients, their families, and healthcare personnel. This review article is based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) current recommendations for COVID-19 and its adaptation to our local resources. The aim of this article is to provide basic consolidated guidance and checklists to clinicians in the neonatal intensive care units in key aspects of preparation needed to counter exposure or infection with COVID-19. We anticipate that CDC will continue to update their guidelines regarding COVID-19 as the situation evolves, and we recommend monitoring CDC's updates for the most current information."}, {"pmid": 32220422, "pmcid": "PMC7102561", "title": "The host's angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism may explain epidemiological findings in COVID-19 infections.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Delanghe, Joris R", "Speeckaert, Marijn M", "De Buyzere, Marc L"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220422", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319879, "pmcid": "PMC7176490", "title": "The depressive state of Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Neuropsychiatr", "authors": ["Sonderskov, Kim Mannemar", "Dinesen, Peter Thisted", "Santini, Ziggi Ivan", "Ostergaard, Soren Dinesen"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319879", "countries": ["Denmark"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304371, "title": "[Public health literacy in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic emergency].", "journal": "Salud Publica Mex", "authors": ["Lazcano-Ponce, Eduardo", "Alpuche-Aranda, Celia"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304371", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health literacy is the process of obtaining knowledge, motivation and individual competencies to understand and access information, express opinions and make decisions with respect to health promotion and maintenance. This applies in different contexts, environments, and throughout life. This conceptual perspective is very necessary in the face of the SARS-CoV-2 virus emergency. This virus produces the Covid-19 disease, which has become a pandemic of devastating effects not only healthwise, but also, importantly, from an economic, political and social point of view. This essay seeks to establish the scientific evidence-based elements that guide public policies for prevention and control. Some of these elements are: a) epidemiologic intelligence. This includes not only the strategy of public surveillance, but also sentinel and event-based surveillance, as it is impossible to actually identify all positive cases; b) Mitigating measures against the spread of the epidemic, such as social distancing and hygiene, washing hands, quarantine, restricting movement and using masks, among others; c) Measures to suppress transmission when the number of cases is very high, such as strict measures to stay at home; d) strengthening health services 'capacity for medical attention and improving health services' ability to prevent transmission, including the use of diagnostic tests; e) the development of prophylactic vaccines against Covid-19, as well as the development of therapeutic agents. All of these actions must be rapidly implemented, from a multidisciplinary and multisectorial public health perspective, and they absolutely must also be taken with the community's participation as shared responsibility. Therefore, public health literacy is needed."}, {"pmid": 32407807, "pmcid": "PMC7214317", "title": "Could Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Immunomodulators or Biologics Be at Lower Risk for Severe Forms of Covid-19?", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Macaluso, Fabio Salvatore", "Orlando, Ambrogio"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407807", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335249, "pmcid": "PMC7177144", "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and the Upper Limb Deep Vein Thrombosis Risk.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Bozzani, Antonio", "Arici, Vittorio", "Franciscone, Mila Maria", "Danesino, Vittorio", "Cascina, Alessandro", "Ticozzelli, Giulia", "Ragni, Franco"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335249", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little or nothing is known about the correlation between the upper limb deep vein thrombosis (UL-DVT) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We describe the increased risk of UL-DVT in 3 patients with SARS-CoV-2 who require continuous positive airway pressure with a hood and the need for early adequate antithrombotic prophylaxis."}, {"pmid": 32379909, "pmcid": "PMC7267668", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 possible contamination of genital area: implications for sexual and vertical transmission routes.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Delfino, M", "Guida, M", "Patri, A", "Spirito, L", "Gallo, L", "Fabbrocini, G"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379909", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32173576, "pmcid": "PMC7193136", "title": "Patients of COVID-19 may benefit from sustained Lopinavir-combined regimen and the increase of Eosinophil may predict the outcome of COVID-19 progression.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Liu, Fang", "Xu, Aifang", "Zhang, Yan", "Xuan, Weiling", "Yan, Tingbo", "Pan, Kenv", "Yu, Wenyan", "Zhang, Jun"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173576", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the epidemiological information, clinical characteristics, therapeutic outcomes and temporal progression of laboratory findings in 2019-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients exposed to lopinavir. We collected data from ten COVID-19 patients admitted between January 22, 2020 and February 11, 2020 at Xixi hospital in Hangzhou, China. Of ten patients, secondary, tertiary and quartus patients emerged; the incubation period was 3-7 days. Mainly initial symptoms were cough and low fever (37.3-38.0\u00b0C). An asymptomatic case presented normal radiography, the others had ground glass opacities. All cases (three transferred, seven discharged) were exposed to lopinavir on initial hospitalization. Three patients stopped lopinavir because of adverse effects, two of them deteriorated, one was hospitalized longer than others who with sustained lopinavir use. Levels of potassium, albumin, and lymphocytes were low, but increased persistently after treatment. Eosinophil values were low on initial hospitalization, then all returned to normal before discharge. Viral load of SARS-CoV-2, radiography and eosinophil improved continuously in 3-14, 6-8 and 7-9 days, respectively. Increasing eosinophils may be an indicator of COVID-19 improvement. The COVID-19 patients may benefit from sustained lopinavir use. More research on a larger scale is needed to verify these points."}, {"pmid": 32486469, "title": "COVID-19 Related Coagulopathy: A Distinct Entity?", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Marchandot, Benjamin", "Sattler, Laurent", "Jesel, Laurence", "Matsushita, Kensuke", "Schini-Kerth, Valerie", "Grunebaum, Lelia", "Morel, Olivier"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486469", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted healthcare communities across the globe on an unprecedented scale. Patients have had diverse clinical outcomes, but those developing COVID-19-related coagulopathy have shown a disproportionately worse outcome. This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding the epidemiology, clinical features, known and presumed pathophysiology-based models, and treatment guidance regarding COVID-19 coagulopathy."}, {"pmid": 32373235, "pmcid": "PMC7196293", "title": "CT quantification of pneumonia lesions in early days predicts progression to severe illness in a cohort of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Theranostics", "authors": ["Liu, Fengjun", "Zhang, Qi", "Huang, Chao", "Shi, Chunzi", "Wang, Lin", "Shi, Nannan", "Fang, Cong", "Shan, Fei", "Mei, Xue", "Shi, Jing", "Song, Fengxiang", "Yang, Zhongcheng", "Ding, Zezhen", "Su, Xiaoming", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Zhu, Tongyu", "Zhang, Zhiyong", "Shi, Lei", "Shi, Yuxin"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373235", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rationale: Some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly develop respiratory failure or even die, underscoring the need for early identification of patients at elevated risk of severe illness. This study aims to quantify pneumonia lesions by computed tomography (CT) in the early days to predict progression to severe illness in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included confirmed COVID-19 patients. Three quantitative CT features of pneumonia lesions were automatically calculated using artificial intelligence algorithms, representing the percentages of ground-glass opacity volume (PGV), semi-consolidation volume (PSV), and consolidation volume (PCV) in both lungs. CT features, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE-II) score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and d-dimer, on day 0 (hospital admission) and day 4, were collected to predict the occurrence of severe illness within a 28-day follow-up using both logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: We included 134 patients, of whom 19 (14.2%) developed any severe illness. CT features on day 0 and day 4, as well as their changes from day 0 to day 4, showed predictive capability. Changes in CT features from day 0 to day 4 performed the best in the prediction (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87~0.99; C-index=0.88, 95% CI 0.81~0.95). The hazard ratios of PGV and PCV were 1.39 (95% CI 1.05~1.84, P=0.023) and 1.67 (95% CI 1.17~2.38, P=0.005), respectively. CT features, adjusted for age and gender, on day 4 and in terms of changes from day 0 to day 4 outperformed APACHE-II, NLR, and d-dimer. Conclusions: CT quantification of pneumonia lesions can early and non-invasively predict the progression to severe illness, providing a promising prognostic indicator for clinical management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32468851, "pmcid": "PMC7265683", "title": "Facing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in immunotherapy era.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Citarella, Fabrizio", "Russano, Marco", "Pantano, Francesco", "Dell'Aquila, Emanuela", "Vincenzi, Bruno", "Tonini, Giuseppe", "Santini, Daniele"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468851", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread represents a sanitary emergency all over the world. Viral biology is only partially known with some aspects in common with other CoV and the damage observed in most severe cases is due to intense inflammation. Immunotherapy restores immunological activity against cancer cells and it has become a standard treatment for several cancers. We carried out an examination of available data concerning with the effects exerted by both SARS-CoV-2 and the most widespread immunotherapy treatments on the immune system in order to hypothesize mechanisms underlying potential and mutual interaction. We provided an analysis of laboratory, clinical and therapeutic data related with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. We finally focused on implications of immunotherapy treatments in clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32404789, "title": "Neonatal Early-Onset Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in a Newborn Presenting With Encephalitic Symptoms.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Lorenz, Norbert", "Treptow, Anna", "Schmidt, Stefan", "Hofmann, Rene", "Raumer-Engler, Mandy", "Heubner, Georg", "Grober, Konstantin"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404789", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316751, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: reassembly attack of coronavirus.", "journal": "Int J Environ Health Res", "authors": ["Yang, Chenglei", "Qiu, Xue", "Fan, Haoran", "Jiang, Mei", "Lao, Xiaojie", "Zeng, Yukeng", "Zhang, Zhiming"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316751", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There have been three major global outbreaks of acute respiratory disease caused by coronavirus in the last two decades. The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) first emerged in Wuhan, China, is the most dangerous, which spread to 163 countries and 6 continents and caused a major public health emergency worldwide. The outbreak is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2\u00a0(SARS-CoV-2) originated from bats, which spreads rapidly from human to human. As of 17 March 2020, there have been 179,112 confirmed cases and 7426 deaths worldwide, with a mortality rate of 4.1%. There is currently no effective treatment or approved vaccine, so isolating the source of infection and blocking the routes of transmission is important. In this article, we summarized the worldwide epidemic trend of COVID-19 and discussed its epidemiological characteristics, prevention and control measures. We hope this article could provide experience and help for global epidemic prevention and control."}, {"pmid": 32447505, "pmcid": "PMC7244938", "title": "Pediatric COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis: a case report.", "journal": "Pediatr Nephrol", "authors": ["Gefen, Ashley M", "Palumbo, Nancy", "Nathan, Suresh K", "Singer, Pamela S", "Castellanos-Reyes, Laura J", "Sethna, Christine B"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447505", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is the illness caused by infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Although myalgia is common in adults, it has not been noted as a common symptom in children. There have been a few reported cases of COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis in adults. This case report describes a 16-year-old boy who presented with fever, myalgias, mild shortness of breath with exertion, and dark-colored urine. COVID-19 PCR was positive. His initial creatinine kinase (CK) level was 427,656\u00a0U/L. Serum creatinine was normal for age. He was treated with isotonic intravenous fluids containing sodium bicarbonate to maintain urine output of 100-200\u00a0mL/h and urine pH >\u20097.0. His serum creatinine remained normal throughout the hospital stay and he was discharged on hospital day 12 with a CK of 6526\u00a0U/L. To our knowledge, no pediatric cases of COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis have been previously reported. Adult cases of rhabdomyolysis have been reported and a few reports have noted patients with elevated CK levels without rhabdomyolysis. Given this pediatric case of COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis, pediatric clinicians should be aware of this complication and manage fluids appropriately in order to prevent acute kidney injury."}, {"pmid": 32353223, "title": "Characteristics, treatment, outcomes and cause of death of invasively ventilated patients with COVID-19 ARDS in Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Crit Care Resusc", "authors": ["Zangrillo, Alberto", "Beretta, Luigi", "Scandroglio, Anna Mara", "Monti, Giacomo", "Fominskiy, Evgeny", "Colombo, Sergio", "Morselli, Federica", "Belletti, Alessandro", "Silvani, Paolo", "Crivellari, Martina", "Monaco, Fabrizio", "Azzolini, Maria Luisa", "Reineke, Raffaella", "Nardelli, Pasquale", "Sartorelli, Marianna", "Votta, Carmine D", "Ruggeri, Annalisa", "Ciceri, Fabio", "De Cobelli, Francesco", "Tresoldi, Moreno", "Dagna, Lorenzo", "Rovere-Querini, Patrizia", "Serpa Neto, Ary", "Bellomo, Rinaldo", "Landoni, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353223", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Describe characteristics, daily care and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Case series of 73 patients. Large tertiary hospital in Milan. Mechanically ventilated patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between 20 February and 2 April 2020. Demographic and daily clinical data were collected to identify predictors of early mortality. Of the 73 patients included in the study, most were male (83.6%), the median age was 61 years (interquartile range [IQR], 54-69 years), and hypertension affected 52.9% of patients. Lymphocytopenia (median, 0.77 x 103 per mm3 ; IQR, 0.58-1.00 x 103 per mm3), hyperinflammation with C-reactive protein (median, 184.5 mg/dL; IQR, 108.2-269.1 mg/dL) and pro-coagulant status with D-dimer (median, 10.1 \u03bcg/m; IQR, 5.0-23.8 \u03bcg/m) were present. Median tidal volume was 6.7 mL/kg (IQR, 6.0-7.5 mL/kg), and median positive end-expiratory pressure was 12 cmH2O (IQR, 10-14 cmH2O). In the first 3 days, prone positioning (12-16 h) was used in 63.8% of patients and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in five patients (6.8%). After a median follow-up of 19.0 days (IQR, 15.0-27.0 days), 17 patients (23.3%) had died, 23 (31.5%) had been discharged from the ICU, and 33 (45.2%) were receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU. Older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.22; P = 0.004) and hypertension (OR, 6.15; 95% CI, 1.75-29.11; P = 0.009) were associated with mortality, while early improvement in arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio was associated with being discharged alive from the ICU (P = 0.002 for interaction). Despite multiple advanced critical care interventions, COVID-19 ARDS was associated with prolonged ventilation and high short term mortality. Older age and pre-admission hypertension were key mortality risk factors. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04318366."}, {"pmid": 32144096, "title": "Covid-19: UK records first death, as world's cases exceed 100 000.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144096", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241884, "title": "Covid-19: four fifths of cases are asymptomatic, China figures indicate.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241884", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419772, "pmcid": "PMC7225710", "title": "[HOME CARE AND COVID-19. BEFORE, IN AND AFTER THE STATE OF ALARM].", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Ramon Martinez Riera, Jose", "Gras-Nieto, Elvira"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419772", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Spain, Home Care as a fundamental tool of Primary Health Care, has had uneven development both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, although it initially played a relevant role in the control and monitoring of infected people and their families. However, at no time it was used the desirable community perspective and community participation throughout the process as it has been successfully done in other settings. Subsequently, with the closure of health centers, it ceased to be provided in some autonomous communities, when all the attention was transferred to the hospital setting. This exacerbated hospital-centrism, to the detriment of PHC and Home Care, is showing a high contagion in healthcare professionals. The circulation of professionals in the hospitals, where the main focus of infection is concentrated, and from these to their homes is a clear risk factor. In addition, we must not forget that Home Care is of special importance for the care of people with terminal illnesses or very advanced chronic diseases (dementia, COPD ...), although always taking into account recommendations tending to extreme precautions for infection for professionals, family and caregivers. This can be adapted to the pandemic situation by using tools that digital health offers (telephone care, video calls ...). Finally, it would be very interesting that, once the crisis was over, research was carried out that allowed the incorporation of people who have been treated by the health service during the pandemic, through the technique called public participation in research projects."}, {"pmid": 32304576, "pmcid": "PMC7264788", "title": "A novel clinical set-up for examining healthy dermatology outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Gupta, S", "Jangra, R S", "Gujrathi, A V", "Mahendra, A", "Singla, R", "Sharma, A", "Gupta, S"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304576", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433304, "pmcid": "PMC7268874", "title": "COVID-19 Moves Medicine into a Virtual Space: A Paradigm Shift From Touch to Talk to Establish Trust.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Rosen, Claire B", "Joffe, Steven", "Kelz, Rachel R"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433304", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461867, "pmcid": "PMC7243841", "title": "COVID-19 Implications on Clinical Clerkships and the Residency Application Process for Medical Students.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Akers, Allison", "Blough, Christian", "Iyer, Maya S"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461867", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant disruption to undergraduate medical education (UME). Although the immediate scheduling challenges are being addressed, there has been less discourse regarding how this pandemic will impact medical students in their preparation for and application to residency programs.\u00a0While some historical disasters and pandemics provide a loose precedent for UME response during COVID-19, the impact of the current pandemic has surpassed any other events.\u00a0COVID-19 will likely impact UME in the suspension of clinical rotations, alterations in grading, suspension or elimination of away rotations, changes in medical licensing exams, and ramifications on mental health.\u00a0This review assesses governing medical bodies' recommendations regarding UME during the COVID-19 pandemic and how this may impact preparation for residency.\u00a0In particular, residency programs will likely have to create new guidelines for assessing applicants during this unique cycle."}, {"pmid": 32504745, "pmcid": "PMC7270786", "title": "High SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence among Healthcare Workers Exposed to COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Yuxin", "Tong, Xin", "Wang, Jian", "Huang, Weijin", "Yin, Shengxia", "Huang, Rui", "Yang, Hailong", "Chen, Yong", "Huang, Aijun", "Liu, Yong", "Chen, Yan", "Yuan, Ling", "Yan, Xiaomin", "Shen, Han", "Wu, Chao"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504745", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was examined among 105 healthcare workers (HCWs) exposed to four patients who were laboratory confirmed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. These HCWs were immediately under quarantine for 14 days as soon as they were identified as close contacts. The nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected on the first and 14th day of the quarantine, while the serum samples were obtained on the 14th day of the quarantine. With the assay of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and microneutralization assay, 17.14% (18/105) of HCWs were seropositive, while their swab samples were found to be SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative. Risk analysis revealed that wearing face mask could reduce the infection risk (odds ratio [OR], 0.127, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.017, 0.968), while when exposed to COVID-19 patients, doctors might have higher risk of seroconversion (OR, 346.837, 95% CI 8.924, 13479.434), compared with HCWs exposed to colleagues as well as nurses and general service assistants who exposed to patients. Our study revealed that the serological testing is useful for the identification of asymptomatic or subclinical infection of SARS-CoV-2 among close contacts with COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32404211, "pmcid": "PMC7225210", "title": "UK medical students graduating early to work during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Sharif, Shazia P"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404211", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203188, "pmcid": "PMC7091858", "title": "Functional exhaustion of antiviral lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Zheng, Meijuan", "Gao, Yong", "Wang, Gang", "Song, Guobin", "Liu, Siyu", "Sun, Dandan", "Xu, Yuanhong", "Tian, Zhigang"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203188", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32113506, "pmcid": "PMC7158937", "title": "COVID-19: preparing for superspreader potential among Umrah pilgrims to Saudi Arabia.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Ebrahim, Shahul H", "Memish, Ziad A"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113506", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345580, "pmcid": "PMC7222578", "title": "Diabetes and covid-19: a global health challenge.", "journal": "BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care", "authors": ["Shenoy, Akhil", "Ismaily, Mehwish", "Bajaj, Mandeep"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345580", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371025, "pmcid": "PMC7194058", "title": "How to ventilate during CPR in time of Covid-19?", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Scapigliati, Andrea", "Gulli, Antonio", "Semeraro, Federico", "Ristagno, Giuseppe", "Arlotta, Gabriella", "Bevilacqua, Francesca", "Barelli, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515699, "title": "[The Agreed Experts' Position of the Eurasian Association of Therapists on Some new Mechanisms of COVID-19 Pathways: Focus on Hemostasis, Hemotransfusion Issues and Blood gas Exchange].", "journal": "Kardiologiia", "authors": ["Arutyunov, G P", "Koziolova, N A", "Tarlovskaya, E I", "Arutyunov, A G", "Grigorjeva, N Yu", "Dzhunusbekova, G A", "Malchikova, S V", "Mitkovskaya, N P", "Orlova, Ya A", "Petrova, M M", "Rebrov, A P", "Sisakyan, A S", "Skibitsky, V V", "Sugraliev, A B", "Fomin, I V", "Chesnikova, A I", "Shaposhnik, I I"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515699", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The article discusses pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19. The authors presented state-of-the-art insight into hemostatic disorders in patients with COVID-19 and clinical recommendations on prevention of thrombosis and thromboembolism in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The article discussed in detail a new hypothesis proposed by Chinese physicians about a new component in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, namely, about the effect of SARS-CoV-2 virus on the hemoglobin beta-chain and the formation of a complex with porphyrin, which results in displacement of the iron ion. Thus, hemoglobin loses the capability for transporting oxygen, which aggravates hypoxia and worsens the prognosis. The article stated rules of hemotransfusion safety in the conditions of COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32361898, "pmcid": "PMC7195617", "title": "Sports Health During the SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "Sports Med", "authors": ["Timpka, Toomas"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361898", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394275, "pmcid": "PMC7214096", "title": "Rising evidence for neurological involvement in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Calcagno, Narghes", "Colombo, Eleonora", "Maranzano, Alessio", "Pasquini, Jacopo", "Keller Sarmiento, Ignacio Juan", "Trogu, Francesca", "Silani, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394275", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398299, "title": "To compare the incomparable: COVID-19 pneumonia and high altitude disease.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Strapazzon, Giacomo", "Hilty, Matthias P", "Bouzat, Pierre", "Pratali, Lorenza", "Brugger, Hermann", "Rauch, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398299", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407126, "title": "Prisons: Amplifiers of the COVID-19 Pandemic Hiding in Plain Sight.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Barnert, Elizabeth", "Ahalt, Cyrus", "Williams, Brie"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407126", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Georgia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32163140, "pmcid": "PMC7107560", "title": "Serial interval in determining the estimation of reproduction number of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Zhao, Shi", "Cao, Peihua", "Gao, Daozhou", "Zhuang, Zian", "Cai, Yongli", "Ran, Jinjun", "Chong, Marc K C", "Wang, Kai", "Lou, Yijun", "Wang, Weiming", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai", "Wang, Maggie H"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32163140", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223767, "pmcid": "PMC7167488", "title": "Unprecedented solutions for extraordinary times: Helping long-term care settings deal with the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Gaur, Swati", "Dumyati, Ghinwa", "Nace, David A", "Jump, Robin L P"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223767", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398170, "pmcid": "PMC7262110", "title": "Critical care transport in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Tien, Homer", "Sawadsky, Bruce", "Lewell, Michael", "Peddle, Michael", "Durham, Wade"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398170", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Critical care transport organizations are nimble, operationally focused institutions that can aid in managing crises. Ornge provides air ambulance and critical care transport services to Ontario. From 12 bases, Ornge operates four PC-12 Next Generation fixed wing (FW) aircraft, eight AW-139 rotary wing (RW) aircraft, and four critical care land ambulances (CCLA) on a 24/7 basis. Ornge also contracts with private air carriers to provide lower acuity air ambulance services. Ornge performs over 20,000 patient-related transports annually. We discuss Ornge's approach to preparing for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and identify potential unconventional roles."}, {"pmid": 32521953, "title": "[Experts consensus for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Coronavirus disease 2019 in the elderly].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Lin, L J", "Zhu, L", "Shi, G C", "Wu, J Q", "Li, H X", "Sun, B J", "Lin, J T", "Xu, Z J", "Sun, T Y", "Li, J", "Yu, S Y", "Liu, X M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521953", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause great damage to the elderly patients and lead to high mortality. The clinical presentations and auxiliary examinations of the elderly patients with COVID-19 are atypical, due to the physiological ageing deterioration and basal pathological state. The treatment strategy for the elderly patients has its own characteristics and treatment protocol should be considered accordingly. To improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 in the elderly, the Expert Committee of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China Society of Geriatrics established the \"Expert consensus for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Coronavirus disease 2019 in the elderly\" . We focused on the clinical characteristics and key points for better treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in the elderly. (1) For diagnosis, atypical clinical presentation of COVID-19 in the elderly should be emphasized, which may be complicated by underlying disease. (2) For treatment, strategy of multiple disciplinary team (mainly the respiratory and critical care medicine) should be adopted and multiple systemic functions should be considered. (3) For prevention, health care model about integrated management of acute and chronic diseases, in and out of hospital should be applied."}, {"pmid": 32524794, "title": "Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum in a Patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia and the Possible Underlying Mechanism.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Lei, Pinggui", "Mao, Jujiang", "Wang, Pingxian"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524794", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448715, "pmcid": "PMC7207104", "title": "COVID-19, Medical Education, and Bone Health: Insights From Project ECHO.", "journal": "J Clin Densitom", "authors": ["Lewiecki, E Michael", "Rothman, Micol S"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448715", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422226, "pmcid": "PMC7228885", "title": "The Immediate Impact of COVID-19 on US Dermatology Practices.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Litchman, Graham H", "Rigel, Darrell S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422226", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513776, "title": "COVID-19 Delays Cancer Screenings.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513776", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In recent months, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused many institutions to pause routine cancer screenings-delays that may not be problematic for patients but can create challenges for healthcare providers."}, {"pmid": 32426754, "pmcid": "PMC7188422", "title": "The Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS): An International Registry of Coronavirus 2019-Related Critical Illness.", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Walkey, Allan J", "Kumar, Vishakha K", "Harhay, Michael O", "Bolesta, Scott", "Bansal, Vikas", "Gajic, Ognjen", "Kashyap, Rahul"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426754", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has disproportionally strained intensive care services worldwide. Large areas of uncertainly regarding epidemiology, physiology, practice patterns, and resource demands for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 require rapid collection and dissemination of data. We describe the conception and implementation of an intensive care database rapidly developed and designed to meet data analytic needs in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic-the multicenter, international Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Network Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study. Prospective cohort study and disease registry. Multinational cohort of ICUs. Critically ill patients with a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019. None. Within 2 weeks of conception of the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Network Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study, study leadership was convened, registry case report forms were designed, electronic data entry set up, and more than 250 centers had submitted the protocol for institutional review board approval, with more than 100 cases entered. The Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Network Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study provides an example of a rapidly deployed, international, pandemic registry that seeks to provide near real-time analytics and information regarding intensive care treatments and outcomes for patients with coronavirus disease 2019."}, {"pmid": 32424016, "pmcid": "PMC7237384", "title": "COVID-19 travel restrictions and the International Health Regulations (2005).", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["von Tigerstrom, Barbara", "Wilson, Kumanan"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449420, "title": "Interpretation of arrhythmogenic effects of COVID-19 disease through ECG.", "journal": "Aging Male", "authors": ["Ozturk, Fatih", "Karaduman, Medeni", "Coldur, Rabia", "Incecik, Saban", "Gunes, Yilmaz", "Tuncer, Mustafa"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449420", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: We aimed to detect the malignant arrhythmic potential of COVID-19 with surface electrocardiographic (ECG) markers.Material and method: Of the ECG parameters PR, QT, QTc, QTd, TPe, and Tpe/QTc were measured in 51 COVID-19 patients and 40 in control subjects.Results: Compared to control group mean QTc (410.8\u2009\u00b1\u200924.3 msec vs. 394.6\u2009\u00b1\u200920.3 msec, p\u2009<\u2009.001) and Tpe/QTc (0.19\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02 vs. 0.18\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04, p = .036) and median QTd (47.52 vs. 46.5) values were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients. Troponin levels were significantly correlated with heart rate (r\u2009=\u20090.387, p\u2009=\u2009.006) but not with ECG parameters.Conclusion: Several ventricular arrhythmia surface ECG predictors including QTc, QTd, and Tpe/QTc are increased in COVID-19 patients. Since medications used in COVID-19 patients have the potential to affect these parameters, giving importance to these ECG markers may have a significant contribution in decreasing disease-related arrhythmias."}, {"pmid": 32369262, "pmcid": "PMC7267643", "title": "Kidney transplantation with presymptomatic COVID-19-positive surgeon.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Ravaioli, Matteo", "Comai, Giorgia", "Germinario, Giuliana", "Maroni, Lorenzo", "La Manna, Gaetano"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369262", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434790, "pmcid": "PMC7246104", "title": "COVID-19 and immune checkpoint inhibitors: initial considerations.", "journal": "J Immunother Cancer", "authors": ["Sullivan, Ryan J", "Johnson, Douglas B", "Rini, Brian I", "Neilan, Tomas G", "Lovly, Christine M", "Moslehi, Javid J", "Reynolds, Kerry L"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434790", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 infections are characterized by inflammation of the lungs and other organs that ranges from mild and asymptomatic to fulminant and fatal. Patients who are immunocompromised and those with cardiopulmonary comorbidities appear to be particularly afflicted by this illness. During pandemic conditions, many aspects of cancer care have been impacted. One important clinical question is how to manage patients who need anticancer therapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) during these conditions. Herein, we consider diagnostic and therapeutic implications of using ICI during this unprecedented period of COVID-19 infections. In particular, we consider the impact of ICI on COVID-19 severity, decisions surrounding continuing or interrupting therapy, diagnostic measures in patients with symptoms or manifestations potentially consistent with either COVID-19 or ICI toxicity, and resumption of therapy in infected patients. While more robust data are needed to guide clinicians on management of patients with cancer who may be affected by COVID-19, we hope this commentary provides useful insights for the clinical community."}, {"pmid": 32471295, "title": "Changes in Provision of Psychotherapy in the Early Weeks of the COVID-19 Lockdown in Austria.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Probst, Thomas", "Stippl, Peter", "Pieh, Christoph"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471295", "countries": ["Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reducing personal contacts is a central measure against the spreading of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This troubles mental health, but also mental health care as treatments usually take place in personal contact and switching to remote treatments might be necessary in times of COVID-19. The present study investigated the question how the provision of psychotherapy changed in the early weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown in Austria and whether there were differences between the four therapeutic orientations eligible in Austria (psychodynamic, humanistic, systemic, behavioral). Psychotherapists (N = 1547) completed an online survey. They entered their number of patients treated on average per week (in personal contact, via telephone, via Internet) in the early weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown in Austria as well as (retrospectively) in the months before. The number of patients treated on average per week in personal contact decreased (on average 81%; p < 0.001), whereas the number of patients treated on average per week via telephone and via Internet increased (on average 979% and 1561%; both p < 0.001). Yet, the decrease of psychotherapies through personal contact was not compensated for by increases of remote psychotherapies (p < 0.001). No differences between the four therapeutic orientations emerged. Results imply an undersupply of psychotherapy in the COVID-19 lockdown and that further changes are necessary to cover the increased need for timely psychotherapy in times of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32443683, "title": "COVID-19 and the Fears of Italian Senior Citizens.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["de Leo, Diego", "Trabucchi, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443683", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy has been hit very hard by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. This brief report highlights some of the peculiarities manifested by its older adult population, with particular reference to those living in nursing institutions and at home. Mortality data (as of 26 April) are reported, together with reactions to forced isolation, loneliness, and fear of contracting the disease, which represent big challenges for all, especially for frail elderly people."}, {"pmid": 32273618, "title": "How does COVID-19 kill? Uncertainty is hampering doctors' ability to choose treatments.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ledford, Heidi"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273618", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520506, "title": "Incidental Discovery of a COVID-19 Infection on a Reevaluation FDG PET/CT in a Patient Treated for Hodgkin Lymphoma.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Simand, Celestine", "Bund, Caroline", "Guffroy, Blandine", "Chaban, Vitaliy", "Herbrecht, Raoul"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520506", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the results of F-FDG PET/CT in an asymptomatic case of COVID-19 infection. A 27-year-old woman underwent FDG PET/CT for revaluation of a stage IIIE B Hodgkin lymphoma after the fourth cycle of chemotherapy. It showed intense avid FDG subpleural mixed ground-glass and consolidative lesions, especially in the left lung. Because of this morpho-metabolic aspect and the epidemic context, a viral pneumopathy was suspected. The patient who was initially asymptomatic was admitted for fever 28 hours after the PET/CT. The nasopharyngeal swab was positive for COVID-19, and the outcome was favorable."}, {"pmid": 32369615, "pmcid": "PMC7267441", "title": "Favourable outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 in a 1-year-old girl with acute myeloid leukaemia and severe treatment-induced immunosuppression.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Sieni, Elena", "Pegoraro, Francesco", "Casini, Tommaso", "Tondo, Annalisa", "Bortone, Barbara", "Moriondo, Maria", "Azzari, Chiara", "Galli, Luisa", "Favre, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369615", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526040, "title": "The broad spectrum of dermatological manifestations in COVID-19. Clinical and histopathological features learned from a series of 34 cases.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Rubio-Muniz, C A", "Puerta-Pena, M", "Falkenhain-Lopez, D", "Arroyo-Andres, J", "Agud-Dios, M", "Rodriguez-Peralto, J L", "Ortiz-Romero, P L", "Rivera-Diaz, R"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526040", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic began in Europe, a plethora of cutaneous manifestations have been related to this infection1,2 . However, their underlying mechanism and prognostic relevance remain unclear. Thus, we collected data from all COVID-19 cases presenting with skin manifestations in our hospital in Madrid during one month."}, {"pmid": 32265848, "pmcid": "PMC7105881", "title": "Subunit Vaccines Against Emerging Pathogenic Human Coronaviruses.", "journal": "Front Microbiol", "authors": ["Wang, Ning", "Shang, Jian", "Jiang, Shibo", "Du, Lanying"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265848", "countries": ["China", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Seven coronaviruses (CoVs) have been isolated from humans so far. Among them, three emerging pathogenic CoVs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and a newly identified CoV (2019-nCoV), once caused or continue to cause severe infections in humans, posing significant threats to global public health. SARS-CoV infection in humans (with about 10% case fatality rate) was first reported from China in 2002, while MERS-CoV infection in humans (with about 34.4% case fatality rate) was first reported from Saudi Arabia in June 2012. 2019-nCoV was first reported from China in December 2019, and is currently infecting more than 70000 people (with about 2.7% case fatality rate). Both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are zoonotic viruses, using bats as their natural reservoirs, and then transmitting through intermediate hosts, leading to human infections. Nevertheless, the intermediate host for 2019-nCoV is still under investigation and the vaccines against this new CoV have not been available. Although a variety of vaccines have been developed against infections of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, none of them has been approved for use in humans. In this review, we have described the structure and function of key proteins of emerging human CoVs, overviewed the current vaccine types to be developed against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and summarized recent advances in subunit vaccines against these two pathogenic human CoVs. These subunit vaccines are introduced on the basis of full-length spike (S) protein, receptor-binding domain (RBD), non-RBD S protein fragments, and non-S structural proteins, and the potential factors affecting these subunit vaccines are also illustrated. Overall, this review will be helpful for rapid design and development of vaccines against the new 2019-nCoV and any future CoVs with pandemic potential. This review was written for the topic of Antivirals for Emerging Viruses: Vaccines and Therapeutics in the Virology section of Frontiers in Microbiology."}, {"pmid": 32433124, "pmcid": "PMC7255398", "title": "Saving Lives Versus Saving Dollars: The Acceptable Loss for Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Ashkenazi, Isaac", "Rapaport, Carmit"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433124", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521557, "title": "[Smell disorders at COVID-19 - the current level of knowledge].", "journal": "Laryngorhinootologie", "authors": ["Otte, Martin Sylvester", "Klussmann, Jens Peter", "Luers, Jan Christoffer"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521557", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early reports of SARS-CoV-2 infections only rarely mentioned smell and taste disorders. Several studies, particularly from Europe and the USA, have now confirmed these symptoms as an early key feature of COVID-19. About 70\u200a% of patients seem to experience a reduction of smell and taste in the course of the disease, with most of the studies published to date based on questionnaires and anamnestic data. Validated smell tests have so far only been used in a few studies. A distinction between taste and taste disorders, i.\u200ae. a distinction between retronasal aroma taste and the olfactory system from the dysfunction of taste capsules and the further cranial nerves, was mostly not made in the studies available to date. Some reports associate olfactory disorders with a milder clinical course. At the same time, the olfactory system via the olfactory bulb represents an entry point into the central nervous system, and an olfactory disorder could be a predisposing factor for central neurological symptoms. The clinical significance of smell and taste disorders in COVID-19 patients is currently still unclear. Further open questions concern the exact prevalence and the prognosis, so that overall higher quality studies with validated smell tests and larger numbers of patients are required."}, {"pmid": 32109443, "pmcid": "PMC7102535", "title": "Clinical and computed tomographic imaging features of novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Xu, Yu-Huan", "Dong, Jing-Hui", "An, Wei-Min", "Lv, Xiao-Yan", "Yin, Xiao-Ping", "Zhang, Jian-Zeng", "Dong, Li", "Ma, Xi", "Zhang, Hong-Jie", "Gao, Bu-Lang"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32109443", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of computed tomography (CT) in novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) caused by SARS-CoV-2. A retrospective analysis was performed on the imaging findings of patients confirmed with COVID-19 pneumonia who had chest CT scanning and treatment after disease onset. The clinical and imaging data were analyzed. Fifty patients were enrolled, including mild type in nine, common in 28, severe in 10 and critically severe in the rest three. Mild patients (29 years) were significantly (P<0.03) younger than either common (44.5 years) or severe (54.7) and critically severe (65.7 years) patients, and common patients were also significantly (P<0.03) younger than severe and critically severe patients. Mild patients had low to moderate fever (<39.1\u202f\u00b0C), 49 (98%) patients had normal or slightly reduced leukocyte count, 14 (28%) had decreased counts of lymphocytes, and 26 (52%) patients had increased C-reactive protein. Nine mild patients were negative in CT imaging. For all the other types of NCP, the lesion was in the right upper lobe in 30 cases, right middle lobe in 22, right lower lobe in 39, left upper lobe in 33 and left lower lobe in 36. The lesion was primarily located in the peripheral area under the pleura with possible extension towards the pulmonary hilum. Symmetrical lesions were seen in 26 cases and asymmetrical in 15. The density of lesion was mostly uneven with ground glass opacity as the primary presentation accompanied by partial consolidation and fibrosis. CT imaging presentations of NCP are mostly patchy ground glass opacities in the peripheral areas under the pleura with partial consolidation which will be absorbed with formation of fibrotic stripes if improved. CT scanning provides important bases for early diagnosis and treatment of NCP."}, {"pmid": 32246834, "title": "Favipiravir: Pharmacokinetics and Concerns About Clinical Trials for 2019-nCoV Infection.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Du, Yin-Xiao", "Chen, Xiao-Ping"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246834", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of 2019-nCoV infection has spread across the world. No specific antiviral drugs have been approved for the treatment of COVID-2019. In addition to the recommended antiviral drugs, such as interferon-\u0251, lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, and chloroquine phosphate, some clinical trials focusing on virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors have been registered and initiated. Favipiravir, a purine nucleic acid analog and potent RdRp inhibitor approved for use in influenza, is also considered in several clinical trials. Herein, we summarized the pharmacokinetic characteristics of favipiravir and possible drug-drug interactions from the view of drug metabolism. We hope this will be helpful for the design of clinical trials for favipiravir in COVID-2019, as data regarding in vitro virus inhibition and efficacy in preclinical animal studies are still not available."}, {"pmid": 32340020, "pmcid": "PMC7250342", "title": "European Association for the Study of Obesity Position Statement on the Global COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Obes Facts", "authors": ["Fruhbeck, Gema", "Baker, Jennifer Lyn", "Busetto, Luca", "Dicker, Dror", "Goossens, Gijs H", "Halford, Jason C G", "Handjieva-Darlenska, Teodora", "Hassapidou, Maria", "Holm, Jens-Christian", "Lehtinen-Jacks, Susanna", "Mullerova, Dana", "O'Malley, Grace", "Sagen, Jorn V", "Rutter, Harry", "Salas, Ximena Ramos", "Woodward, Euan", "Yumuk, Volkan", "Farpour-Lambert, Nathalie J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340020", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448034, "title": "Identification of phytochemical inhibitors against main protease of COVID-19 using molecular modeling approaches.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Kumar, Anuj", "Choudhir, Gourav", "Shukla, Sanjeev Kumar", "Sharma, Mansi", "Tyagi, Pankaj", "Bhushan, Arvind", "Rathore, Madhu"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448034", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel corona virus that causes corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 rapidly spread across the nations with high mortality rate even as very little is known to contain the virus at present. In the current study, we report novel natural metabolites namely, ursolic acid, carvacrol and oleanolic acid as the potential inhibitors against main protease (Mpro) of COVID-19 by using integrated molecular modeling approaches. From a combination of molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, we found three ligands bound to protease during 50\u2009ns of MD simulations. Furthermore, the molecular mechanic/generalized/Born/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/G/P/BSA) free energy calculations showed that these chemical molecules have stable and favourable energies causing strong binding with binding site of Mpro protein. All these three molecules, namely, ursolic acid, carvacrol and oleanolic acid, have passed the ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) property as well as Lipinski's rule of five. The study provides a basic foundation and suggests that the three phytochemicals, viz. ursolic acid, carvacrol and oleanolic acid could serve as potential inhibitors in regulating the Mpro protein's function and controlling viral replication. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32387794, "pmcid": "PMC7190494", "title": "Danger in danger: Interpersonal violence during COVID-19 quarantine.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Mazza, Marianna", "Marano, Giuseppe", "Lai, Carlo", "Janiri, Luigi", "Sani, Gabriele"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387794", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Intimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as physical or sexual violence, emotional abuse and stalking. It is typically experienced by women but can also be experienced by men. During quarantine due to the COVID-19, home risks to become a very dangerous place for victims of domestic violence. Very recent studies focusing on abusive situations during COVID emergence were identified in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase. During the COVID-19 outbreak people have encountered an invisible and dark enemy and an experience of impotence. Due to the feelings of frustration and agitation, aggression arises with possible transgenerational transmission of trauma and violence. Especially during quarantine and COVID emergence around the world there is a need of programs aimed to prevent acts of domestic violence and to achieve accurate assessment of multiple domains of abuse (psychological, physical, sexual) provided by trained multidisciplinary staffs (including psychiatrists, psychologists, social and legal services)."}, {"pmid": 32454025, "pmcid": "PMC7188629", "title": "The COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium: A Collaborative Effort to Understand the Effects of COVID-19 on Patients with Cancer.", "journal": "Cancer Cell", "authors": ["Rubinstein, Samuel M", "Steinharter, John A", "Warner, Jeremy", "Rini, Brian I", "Peters, Solange", "Choueiri, Toni K"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "National and international consortia will play a key role in understanding the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cancer patients. The COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) aims to collect and analyze observational data at scale to inform clinical practice in real-time."}, {"pmid": 32356698, "pmcid": "PMC7231661", "title": "Quality improvement in the time of coronavirus disease 2019 - A change strategy well suited to pandemic response.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Mondoux, Shawn", "Thull-Freedman, Jennifer", "Dowling, Shawn", "Gardner, Katie", "Taher, Ahmed", "Gupta, Rakesh", "Trivedi, Sachin", "Lindsay, Heather", "Finlayson, Annie", "Berthelot, Simon", "Kwok, Edmund", "Chartier, Lucas"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356698", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507368, "title": "SARS-COV-2 associated acute pancreatitis: Cause, consequence or epiphenomenon?", "journal": "Pancreatology", "authors": ["Bonney, Glenn Kunnath", "Gao, Yujia", "Chew, Claire Alexandra", "Windsor, John Albert"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507368", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292235, "pmcid": "PMC7141472", "title": "The missing pieces in the jigsaw and need for cohesive research amidst COVID 19 global response.", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Gupta, Naveen", "Singhai, Monil", "Garg, Shubha", "Shah, Dhara B", "Sood, Vishesh", "Singh, Sujeet Kr"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292235", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341908, "pmcid": "PMC7182749", "title": "Diagnostic and digital solutions to address the COVID-19 pandemic: The need for international collaboration to close the gap.", "journal": "Health Policy Technol", "authors": ["Kyhlstedt, Mattias", "Andersson, Sarah Wamala"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341908", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282439, "pmcid": "PMC7195844", "title": "Orthopaedic Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "authors": ["Kogan, Monica", "Klein, Sandra E", "Hannon, Charles P", "Nolte, Michael T"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282439", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic presents a challenge to orthopaedic education. Around the world, including in the United States, elective surgeries are being deferred and orthopaedic residents and fellows are being asked to make drastic changes to their daily routines. In the midst of these changes are unique opportunities for resident/fellow growth and development. Educational tools in the form of web-based learning, surgical simulators, and basic competency tests may serve an important role. Challenges are inevitable, but appropriate preparation may help programs ensure continued resident growth, development, and well-being while maintaining high-quality patient care."}, {"pmid": 32337584, "pmcid": "PMC7197625", "title": "First reported nosocomial outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a pediatric dialysis unit.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Schwierzeck, Vera", "Konig, Jens Christian", "Kuhn, Joachim", "Mellmann, Alexander", "Correa-Martinez, Carlos Luis", "Omran, Heymut", "Konrad, Martin", "Kaiser, Thomas", "Kampmeier, Stefanie"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337584", "countries": ["China", "Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening respiratory condition caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and was initially detected in China in December 2019. Currently, in Germany over 140,000 cases of COVID-19 are confirmed. Here we report a nosocomial outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the pediatric dialysis unit of the University Hospital of M\u00fcnster (UHM). Single-step real-time RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swaps was used to diagnose the index patient and identify infected contacts. Epidemiological links were analyzed by patient interviews and chart reviews. In addition, each contact was assessed for exposure to the index case and monitored for clinical symptoms. Threshold cycle (Ct) values of all positive test results were compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Forty-eight cases were involved in this nosocomial outbreak. Nine contact cases developed laboratory confirmed COVID-19 infections. Two SARS-CoV-2 positive cases remained clinically asymptomatic. Eleven cases reported flu-like symptoms without positive results. Ct values were significantly lower in cases presenting typical COVID-19 symptoms, suggesting high viral shedding (p =0.007). Person-to-person transmission was at the heart of a hospital outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 between healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients in the pediatric dialysis unit at the UHM. Semi quantitative real-time RT-PCR results suggest that individuals with high viral load pose a risk to spread SARS-CoV-2 in the hospital setting. Our epidemiological observation highlights the need to develop strategies to trace and monitor SARS-CoV-2 infected HCWs in order to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks in the hospital setting."}, {"pmid": 32448098, "title": "Structural and simulation analysis of hotspot residues interactions of SARS-CoV 2 with human ACE2 receptor.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Veeramachaneni, Ganesh Kumar", "Thunuguntla, V B S C", "Bobbillapati, Janakiram", "Bondili, Jayakumar Singh"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448098", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel corona virus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV 2) pandemic outbreak was alarming. The binding of SARS-CoV (CoV) spike protein (S-Protein) Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) to Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor initiates the entry of corona virus into the host cells leading to the infection. However, considering the mutations reported in the SARS-CoV 2 (nCoV), the structural changes and the binding interactions of the S-protein RBD of nCoV were not clear. The present study was designed to elucidate the structural changes, hot spot binding residues and their interactions between the nCoV S-protein RBD and ACE2 receptor through computational approaches. Based on the sequence alignment, a total of 58 residues were found mutated in nCoV S-protein RBD. These mutations led to the structural changes in the nCoV S-protein RBD 3d structure with 4 helices, 10 sheets and intermittent loops. The nCoV RBD was found binding to ACE2 receptor with 11 hydrogen bonds and 1 salt bridge. The major hot spot amino acids involved in the binding identified by interaction analysis after simulations includes Glu 35, Tyr 83, Asp 38, Lys 31, Glu 37, His 34 amino acid residues of ACE2 receptor and Gln 493, Gln 498, Asn 487, Tyr 505 and Lys 417 residues in nCoV S-protein RBD. Based on the hydrogen bonding, RMSD and RMSF, total and potential energies, the nCoV was found binding to ACE2 receptor with higher stability and rigidity. Concluding, the hotspots information will be useful in designing blockers for the nCoV spike protein RBD. [Formula: see text]Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32492183, "title": "Evidence for mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Italian isolates potentially affecting virus transmission.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Benvenuto, Domenico", "Demir, Ayse Banu", "Giovanetti, Marta", "Bianchi, Martina", "Angeletti, Silvia", "Pascarella, Stefano", "Cauda, Roberto", "Ciccozzi, Massimo", "Cassone, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492183", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is the first western country suffering heavy SARS-CoV-2 transmission and disease impact after Covid-19 pandemia started in China. Even though the presence of mutations on spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid in Italian isolates has been reported, the potential impact of these mutations on viral transmission has not been evaluated. We have compared SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from Italian patients with virus sequences from Chinese patients. We focussed upon three non-synonimous mutations of genes coding for S(one) and N (two) viral proteins present in Italian isolates and absent in Chinese ones, using various bio-informatic tools. Amino acid analysis and changes in three-dimensional protein structure suggests the mutations reduce protein stability and, particularly for S1 mutation, the enhanced torsional ability of the molecule could favour virus binding to cell receptor(s). This theoretical interpretation awaits experimental and clinical confirmation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32035269, "pmcid": "PMC7128115", "title": "What goes on board aircraft? Passengers include Aedes, Anopheles, 2019-nCoV, dengue, Salmonella, Zika, et al.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wilson, Mary E"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035269", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501804, "title": "Digital Health Strategies To Fight Covid-19 Around The Globe: Challenges And Recommendations.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Fagherazzi, Guy", "Goetzinger, Catherine", "Rashid, Mohammed Ally", "Aguayo, Gloria", "Huiart, Laetitia"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501804", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic urges coordinated mechanisms to respond to the outbreak across health sectors and digital health solutions have been identified as promising pillars to tackle this challenge. This editorial discusses the current situation regarding digital health solutions to fight Covid-19 as well as the challenges and ethical hurdles for a broader and long term implementation. In order to decrease the risk of infection, telemedicine was used as a successful healthcare model in both emergency and primary care. Official communication plans should promote easy and diverse channels to inform the population and to avoid rumors and reduce threats to public health. Social media such as Twitter or Google trends analyses are highly beneficial to model trends of the pandemic as well as to monitor the evolution of peoples' symptoms or reaction to the pandemic over time. However, acceptability of digital solutions has to be confronted with cultural, moral and religious backgrounds. With the priority given to a collective public health benefit, digital tools may sometimes be intrusive and can erode individual freedoms or leave vulnerable populations behind. This pandemic showed the strong potential of the various digital health solutions tested in the Covid-19 crisis. More concerted measures should now ensure future digital health initiatives to have a greater impact on the epidemic and most strategic needs to ease the life of those who are at the front of the crisis."}, {"pmid": 32490713, "title": "Psychological support and psychotherapy via digital devices in Covid-19 emergency time: Some critical issues.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Tullio, Valeria", "Perrone, Giulio", "Bilotta, Clio", "Lanzarone, Antonietta", "Argo, Antonina"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490713", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting fear, quarantine and lockdown measures implemented in Italy and other countries to contain the risk of contagion have seriously impacted the mental health of a large number of people. The need to offer psychological and psychotherapeutic support to these people, while respecting the government's pressing calls to \"stay home\", have led many psychologists and psychotherapists, both in the public and private sectors, to provide their professional services via teleconference, telephone, smartphone, etc. The aim of this work is to highlight some critical issues related to the sudden switch from the traditional method of providing psychological services to the digital one in Italy."}, {"pmid": 32405955, "pmcid": "PMC7220536", "title": "Management of Patients with Cerebellar Ataxia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Current Concerns and Future Implications.", "journal": "Cerebellum", "authors": ["Manto, Mario", "Dupre, Nicolas", "Hadjivassiliou, Marios", "Louis, Elan D", "Mitoma, Hiroshi", "Molinari, Marco", "Shaikh, Aasef G", "Soong, Bing-Wen", "Strupp, Michael", "Van Overwalle, Frank", "Schmahmann, Jeremy D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405955", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current worldwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought some medical systems to the brink of collapse. This crisis is also negatively impacting the care of patients with non-COVID-19 conditions, including those with cerebellar ataxia (CA). Older patients with CA and those with immune-mediated ataxias on immunosuppressive medication are potentially at high risk of developing serious complications of the infection, although it is also possible that immunosuppressive agents may provide a defense against cytokine storm. This has implications for even greater attention to preventing contracting the disease through physical distancing and/or isolation. The CA patient population is also at higher risk because of the neurological complexities of their underlying disorder and the comorbid medical illnesses that often accompany the genetic ataxias. As the disruption of social patterns and healthcare delivery in response to the crisis continues, interruption of rehabilitation, speech and language therapy, and face-to-face consultations threatens to have a negative impact on the course and well-being of CA patients. Mental and physical health is also potentially at greater risk because the prevailing uncertainty and anxiety may be superimposed upon cerebellum-specific neuropsychological challenges. We identify and review some of the short- and long-term consequences of this global pandemic for the community of ataxia patients and their families and for the clinical and academic neurologists/ataxiologists caring for these patients. This includes the recognition that telemedicine has emerged as a principle means of caregiver-patient contact and that neurological manifestations of COVID-19 including those specific to cerebellar neurobiology are increasingly recognized and will require close surveillance and monitoring. This COVID-19 Cerebellum Task Force consensus provides some guidance on how we may approach this uncertain time and consider preparing for the new realities we face in CA patient care once this acute crisis has passed."}, {"pmid": 32397006, "pmcid": "PMC7273029", "title": "Intergenerational Digital Engagement: A Way to Prevent Social Isolation During the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Prasun", "Yatnatti, Santosh K"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397006", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369098, "title": "Understanding Observational Treatment Comparisons in the Setting of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Thomas, Laine E", "Bonow, Robert O", "Pencina, Michael J"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369098", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305344, "pmcid": "PMC7161514", "title": "Resource-sparing urgent endoscopies by a mobile on-call team in the Paris area during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Camus, Marine", "Becq, Aymeric", "Jais, Benedicte", "Dray, Xavier"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305344", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496270, "title": "COVID-19: Endangering women's mental and reproductive health.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Sharma, Pallavi", "Sharma, Shalini", "Singh, Nilanchali"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496270", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32257771, "pmcid": "PMC7104687", "title": "KCDC Risk Assessments on the Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "authors": ["Kim, Inho", "Lee, Jia", "Lee, Jihee", "Shin, Eensuk", "Chu, Chaeshin", "Lee, Seon Kui"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257771", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to evaluate the risk assessments of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), from the point of detection to the provision of basic information to the relevant public health authorities. To estimate the overall risk of specific public health events, probability, and impact at the country-level were evaluated using available information. To determine the probability of particular public health events, the risk of importation and risk of transmission were taken into consideration. KCDC used 5 levels (\"very low,\" \"low,\" \"moderate,\" \"high,\" and \"very high\") for each category and overall risk was eventually decided. A total of 8 risk assessments were performed on 8 separate occasions between January 8th to February 28th, 2020, depending on the detection and report of COVID-19 cases in other countries. The overall risk of the situation in each assessment increased in severity over this period: \"low\" (first), \"moderate\" (second), \"high\" (third), \"high\" (fourth), \"high\" (fifth), \"high\" (sixth), \"high\" (seventh), and \"very high\" (eighth). The KCDC's 8 risk assessments were utilized to activate national emergency response mechanisms and eventually prepare for the pandemic to ensure the containment and mitigation of COVID-19 with non-pharmaceutical public health measures."}, {"pmid": 32462724, "title": "Practical Guide for Pediatric Pulmonologists on Imaging Management of Pediatric Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Foust, Alexandra M", "McAdam, Alexander J", "Chu, Winnie C", "Garcia-Pena, Pilar", "Phillips, Grace S", "Plut, Domen", "Lee, Edward Y"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462724", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 is rapidly evolving with new articles on the subject daily. This flood of articles can be overwhelming for busy practicing clinicians looking for key pieces of information that can be applied in daily practice. This review article synthesizes the reported imaging findings in pediatric COVID-19 across the literature, offers imaging differential diagnostic considerations and useful radiographic features to help differentiate these entities from COVID-19, and provides recommendations for ordering imaging studies to evaluate suspected cases of pediatric COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32349175, "pmcid": "PMC7267379", "title": "Effectiveness of a 'fast lung ultrasound teaching program' for gynecologists/obstetricians dealing with pregnant women with suspicion of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Buonsenso, D", "Moro, F", "Inchingolo, R", "Smargiassi, A", "Demi, L", "Soldati, G", "Moroni, R", "Lanzone, A", "Scambia, G", "Testa, A C"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349175", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474104, "pmcid": "PMC7255710", "title": "Virtual Spine: A novel, international teleconferencing program developed to increase the accessibility of spine education during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Rasouli, Jonathan J", "Shin, John H", "Than, Khoi D", "Gibbs, Wende N", "Baum, Griffin R", "Baaj, Ali A"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474104", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic effectively ended all major spine educational conferences in the first half of 2020. In response, the authors formed a \"virtual\" case-based conference series directed at delivering spine education to healthcare providers around the world. We herein share the technical logistics, early participant feedback, and future direction of this initiative. The Virtual Global Spine Conference (VGSC) was created in April 2020 by a multi-institutional team of spinal neurosurgeons and a neuroradiologist. Biweekly virtual meetings were established wherein invited national and international spine care providers would deliver case-based presentations on spine and spine surgery-related conditions via teleconferencing. Promotion was coordinated through social media platforms such as Twitter. VGSC recruited over 1000 surgeons, trainees and other specialists, with 50-100 new registrants per week thereafter. An early survey to the participants, with 168 responders, indicated that 92% viewed the content as highly valuable to their practice and 94% would continue participating post-COVID. Participants from the United States (29%), Middle East (16%), and Europe (12%) comprised the majority of the audience. Approximately 52% were neurosurgeons, 18% orthopaedic surgeons, and 6% neuroradiologists. A majority of participants were physicians (55%) and residents/fellows (21%). The early success of the VGSC reflects a strong interest in spine education despite the COVID pandemic and social distancing guidelines. There is widespread opinion, backed by our own survey results, that many clinicians and trainees wish to see \"virtual\" education continue post-COVID."}, {"pmid": 32220158, "title": "The challenge of communicating and controlling the coronavirus epidemic", "journal": "Biomedica", "authors": ["Moreno-Montoya, Jose"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220158", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345750, "title": "Impending Shortages of Kidney Replacement Therapy for COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Goldfarb, David S", "Benstein, Judith A", "Zhdanova, Olga", "Hammer, Elizabeth", "Block, Clay A", "Caplin, Nina J", "Thompson, Nathan", "Charytan, David M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345750", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273156, "pmcid": "PMC7270628", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care.", "journal": "J Endod", "authors": ["Ather, Amber", "Patel, Biraj", "Ruparel, Nikita B", "Diogenes, Anibal", "Hargreaves, Kenneth M"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273156", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated coronavirus disease has gripped the entire international community and caused widespread public health concerns. Despite global efforts to contain the disease spread, the outbreak is still on a rise because of the community spread pattern of this infection. This is a zoonotic infection, similar to other coronavirus infections, that is believed to have originated in bats and pangolins and later transmitted to humans. Once in the human body, this coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of affected patients, and its spread is predominantly thought to be respiratory droplet/contact in nature. Dental professionals, including endodontists, may encounter patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and will have to act diligently not only to provide care but at the same time prevent nosocomial spread of infection. Thus, the aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of the epidemiology, symptoms, and routes of transmission of this novel infection. In addition, specific recommendations for dental practice are suggested for patient screening, infection control strategies, and patient management protocol."}, {"pmid": 32322993, "pmcid": "PMC7176030", "title": "The emergence of SARS, MERS and novel SARS-2 coronaviruses in the 21st century.", "journal": "Arch Virol", "authors": ["da Costa, Vivaldo Gomes", "Moreli, Marcos Lazaro", "Saivish, Marielena Vogel"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322993", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the beginning of the 21st century, a new deadly infectious disease known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was recognized as a global public health threat. Subsequently, ten years after the initial SARS cases occurred in 2002, new cases of another atypical respiratory disease caused worldwide concern. This disease became known as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and was even more lethal than SARS. Currently, history has repeated itself with the emergence of a new Chinese epidemic at the end of 2019. For this respiratory disease, called COVID-19, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the etiologic agent. In sum, SARS, MERS and COVID-19 are caused by recently discovered coronaviruses that cause flu-like illnesses, but with a clinical outcome that tends to be more severe. As a result of the current importance of coronaviruses in global public health, we conducted a review to summarize and update, above all, the epidemiological historical aspects of the three major diseases in humans caused by coronaviral infection."}, {"pmid": 32462676, "title": "Telemedicine in nursing homes during the COVID-19 outbreak: A star is born (again).", "journal": "Geriatr Gerontol Int", "authors": ["Cormi, Clement", "Chrusciel, Jan", "Laplanche, David", "Drame, Moustapha", "Sanchez, Stephane"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462676", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500666, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 in an Orthotopic Liver Transplant Recipient Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Modi, Anita R", "Koval, Christine E", "Taege, Alan J", "Modaresi Esfeh, Jamak", "Eghtesad, Bijan", "Menon, K V Narayanan", "Quintini, Cristiano", "Miller, Charles"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500666", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), mediated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can manifest with flu-like illness and severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Immunocompromised patients merit particular attention as altered host immunity may influence both disease severity and duration of viral shedding as is described with several other ribonucleic acid respiratory viruses. Yet immunocompromised status alone, in the absence of other comorbidities, may not necessarily predict severe illness presentations and poorer clinical outcomes as indicated by recent reports of COVID-19-infected solid organ transplant recipients and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Such patients may even be spared the robust inflammatory response that precipitates ARDS associated with COVID-19, complicating the management of iatrogenic immunosuppression in this setting. We present a case of an orthotopic liver transplant recipient with well-controlled HIV who successfully recovered from a mild, flu-like illness attributed to SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32517505, "title": "C3 polymorphisms represent an important immunological confounder on the spread and outcome of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Dai, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517505", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491976, "title": "School Nurses on the Front Lines of Healthcare: Infectious Diseases Popularized in the News.", "journal": "NASN Sch Nurse", "authors": ["McNickle, Lauren", "Olympia, Robert P"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491976", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "School nurses may deal with students presenting with symptoms associated with infections popularized in the news. Although rare, the implications of missing or misdiagnosing these infections are potentially life-threatening and devastating. We present three students presenting with febrile illnesses associated with neurologic symptoms, a rash, and fatigue, focusing on the initial assessment and management of these students and their associated \"hot topic\" infection. The authors also discuss two public health organizations, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (https://www.cdc.gov/) and the World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/), online references for the school nurse to research both emerging and common infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32327626, "title": "Management of inflammatory bowel disease during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol", "authors": ["Ribaldone, Davide G", "Astegiano, Marco", "Actis, Giovanni C", "Pellicano, Rinaldo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327626", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249956, "pmcid": "PMC7228372", "title": "Structural variations in human ACE2 may influence its binding with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Hussain, Mushtaq", "Jabeen, Nusrat", "Raza, Fozia", "Shabbir, Sanya", "Baig, Ayesha A", "Amanullah, Anusha", "Aziz, Basma"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249956", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is unarguably the most fearsome compared with the earlier outbreaks caused by other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Human ACE2 is now established as a receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Where variations in the viral spike protein, in turn, lead to the cross-species transmission of the virus, genetic variations in the host receptor ACE2 may also contribute to the susceptibility and/or resistance against the viral infection. This study aims to explore the binding of the proteins encoded by different human ACE2 allelic variants with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Briefly, coding variants of ACE2 corresponding to the reported binding sites for its attachment with coronavirus spike protein were selected and molecular models of these variants were constructed by homology modeling. The models were then superimposed over the native ACE2 and ACE2-spike protein complex, to observe structural changes in the ACE2 variants and their intermolecular interactions with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, respectively. Despite strong overall structural similarities, the spatial orientation of the key interacting residues varies in the ACE2 variants compared with the wild-type molecule. Most ACE2 variants showed a similar binding affinity for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as observed in the complex structure of wild-type ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. However, ACE2 alleles, rs73635825 (S19P) and rs143936283 (E329G) showed noticeable variations in their intermolecular interactions with the viral spike protein. In summary, our data provide a structural basis of potential resistance against SARS-CoV-2 infection driven by ACE2 allelic variants."}, {"pmid": 32344143, "pmcid": "PMC7194971", "title": "Patients with Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and Surgery: Guidelines and Checklist Proposal.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Grelat, Michael", "Pommier, Benjamin", "Portet, Sylvain", "Amelot, Aymeric", "Barrey, Cedric", "Leroy, Henri-Arthur", "Madkouri, Rachid"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344143", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The management of patients with novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) represents a new challenge for medical and surgical teams. Each operating room in the world should be prepared thoughtfully, and the development of a protocol and patient route seems mandatory. An adequate degree of protection must be used. We propose recommendations to help different professionals in the establishment of protocols for the management of patients with COVID-19. We also offer a checklist that could be used in the operating room."}, {"pmid": 32312609, "pmcid": "PMC7136880", "title": "Full Spectrum of Cancer Patients in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Still Being Described.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Liang, X", "Yang, C"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312609", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334040, "pmcid": "PMC7174974", "title": "The fate of house cats during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Gao, Tianyue", "Pan, Xingchen", "Pan, Chungen"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334040", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358895, "pmcid": "PMC7267586", "title": "Histological pattern in Covid-19 induced viral rash.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Zengarini, Corrado", "Orioni, Gionathan", "Cascavilla, Alessandra", "Horna Solera, Clara", "Fulgaro, Ciro", "Misciali, Cosimo", "Patrizi, Annalisa", "Gaspari, Valeria"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358895", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "as stated by Est\u00e9banez et al1 , incidence of dermatological affection in covid-19 patients may be different than reported until now. Datas and evidences are building up every day and we wanted to add a contribution describing the case of a 67-year-old patient,\u00a0caucasian, with moderate obesity, a history of alcoholism and various chronic morbidities. No drug allergy was referred. She was sent to ER due to progressive dyspnoea and fever: after RT-PCR resulted positive to SARS-CoV 2, she was admitted to hospital and then intubated a week later due to worsening of the respiratory condition."}, {"pmid": 32473903, "pmcid": "PMC7251348", "title": "Does poor glucose control increase the severity and mortality in patients with diabetes and COVID-19?", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Singh, Ritu"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473903", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes in often associated with an increased severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. We aimed to find out whether the severity and mortality in patients with diabetes with COVID-19 has any correlation to the level of glycemic control. A Boolean search was made in PubMed database using the specific keywords related to our objectives up till May 14, 2020 and full text of article retrieved with the supplements published in English language. Two studies available so far have studied the outcomes of severity and mortality in patients with diabetes stratified on glycemic control. Both the studies have unequivocally found that patients with poorly-controlled hyperglycemia (blood glucose >180\u00a0mg/dl) have significantly higher level of poor prognostic markers biochemically, compared to the well-controlled arms (blood glucose <180\u00a0mg/dl). Moreover, significant increase in severity and mortality was observed in cohorts with poorly-controlled blood glucose due to any cause (diabetes or stress hyperglycemia), compared to the well-controlled cohorts with COVID-19, even after the adjustment of multiple confounders. Poorly-controlled hyperglycemia increases the severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. All treating physician must strive for a good glycemic control (blood glucose <180\u00a0mg/dl) in patients with or without diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32292843, "pmcid": "PMC7142676", "title": "Southern Italy: How the supply of radiation therapy, patient outcomes, and risk to health care providers have changed during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Portaluri, Maurizio", "Tramacere, Francesco", "Portaluri, Tommaso", "Gianicolo, Emilio A L"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292843", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478711, "title": "COVID-19 Case Detection: Cuba's Active Screening Approach.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Gorry, Conner"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478711", "countries": ["China", "Cuba"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Meningitis, neuropathy, HIV, dengue-since the 1960s, Cuba has faced its share of epidemics. More recently, Cuban health pro-fessionals tackled domestic outbreaks of H1N1 (2009) and Zika (2016), and worked alongside colleagues from around the world to stem Ebola in West Africa; all three were categorized by WHO as public health emergencies of international concern. In December 2019, China reported its fi rst cluster of pneumo-nia cases, later identifi ed as the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19. In January 2020, Cuban authorities convened a multi-sector working group coordinated by the Ministry of Pub-lic Health (MINSAP) and Civil Defense to tailor its national epi-demic control plan to confront the rapidly-spreading disease. The plan features a national reporting system and database, with standard protocols including early case detection, contact tracing and regularly-scheduled public health messaging. In late January, no fewer than six ministries, plus the National Sports and Recreation Institute, Customs, Immigration and national media outlets, came together to adapt domestic proto-cols and design multi-phase control and response mechanisms to combat the SARS-CoV-2 virus."}, {"pmid": 32345861, "pmcid": "PMC7199769", "title": "Battle Buddies: Rapid Deployment of a Psychological Resilience Intervention for Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Albott, Cristina Sophia", "Wozniak, Jeffrey R", "McGlinch, Brian P", "Wall, Michael H", "Gold, Barbara S", "Vinogradov, Sophia"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345861", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its rapid global spread have created unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems. Significant and sustained efforts have focused on mobilization of personal protective equipment, intensive care beds, and medical equipment, while substantially less attention has focused on preserving the psychological health of the medical workforce tasked with addressing the challenges of the pandemic. And yet, similar to battlefield conditions, healthcare workers are being confronted with ongoing uncertainty about resources, capacities, and risks; as well as exposure to suffering, death, and threats to their own safety. These conditions are engendering high levels of fear and anxiety in the short-term, and place individuals at risk for persistent stress-exposure syndromes, sub-clinical mental health symptoms, and professional burnout in the long-term. Given the potentially wide-ranging mental health impact of COVID-19, protecting healthcare workers from adverse psychological effects of the pandemic is critical.Therefore, we present an overview of the potential psychological stress responses to the COVID-19 crisis in medical providers and describe pre-emptive resilience-promoting strategies at the organizational and personal level. We then describe a rapidly deployable Psychological Resilience Intervention founded on a peer-support model (Battle Buddies) developed by the United States Army. This intervention-- the product of a multidisciplinary collaboration between the Departments of Anesthesiology and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences at the University of Minnesota Medical Center-- also incorporates evidence-informed \"stress inoculation\" methods developed for managing psychological stress exposure in providers deployed to disasters. Our multi-level, resource-efficient, and scalable approach places two key tools directly in the hands of providers: 1) A peer-support Battle Buddy; and 2) A designated mental health consultant who can facilitate training in stress inoculation methods, provide additional support, or coordinate referral for external professional consultation. In parallel, we have instituted a voluntary research data-collection component that will enable us to evaluate the intervention's effectiveness while also identifying the most salient resilience factors for future iterations. It is our hope that these elements will provide guidance to other organizations seeking to protect the well-being of their medical workforce during the pandemic. Given the remarkable adaptability of human beings, we believe that, by promoting resilience, our diverse healthcare workforce can emerge from this monumental challenge with new skills, closer relationships, and greater confidence in the power of community."}, {"pmid": 32346106, "pmcid": "PMC7186937", "title": "When ophthalmologists step up to the COVID-19 frontlines.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Li, Kelvin Zhenghao", "Yong, Vernon Khet Yau", "Lee, Llewellyn Kuan Ming", "Chin, Chee Fang", "Yip, Leonard Wei Leon"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346106", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388948, "title": "[Analysis of transmission characteristics of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ning, S S", "Zhang, Y", "Cao, L", "Chen, S", "Wang, W H", "Nian, Y P", "Zhu, N", "Yang, G J", "Li, X X", "Zhang, S B"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388948", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A total of 245 cases of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province reported in the China information system for disease control and prevention as of February 24, 2020 were selected as the research objects, the cases are divided into imported cases (116 cases, 47.3%) and local cases (129 cases, 52.7%), their basic characteristics, time distribution, transmission mode, intergenerational interval and latent period transmission are analyzed. The age of local cases [(51.74\u00b115.67) years old], female patients (69 cases, 53.5%), housework and retired staff (40 cases, 31.0%), and patients isolated at the time of onset (50 cases, 38.8%) were higher than imported cases, respectively[(40.66\u00b115.41) years old, (45 cases, 38.8%), (21 cases, 18.1%), (17 cases, 14.6%)] (P values were < 0.05); The infection rate was 0.8% (31/3 666) in close contacts with local cases, which was lower than imported cases 2.0% (69/3 435) (P<0.001); The main source of infection in local cases was relatives (70 cases, 54.3%), and the main way of infection was living together and party (90 cases, 69.8%); the proportion of latent period transmission in our province was 15.5% (20 cases), and the interval between the second-generation case and the source of infection was about 4 days, and the interval between generations was about 6 days. In summary, the main way of infection of local cases in Shaanxi Province was living together and party, there were a certain proportion of latent period transmission cases at present, it's suggested that the investigation of close contacts should be started 4 days or earlier before the onset of the case."}, {"pmid": 32385893, "pmcid": "PMC7273009", "title": "COVID infection and sentinel lymph node procedure for melanoma: Management in a dermato-oncology center in a high-risk pandemic area.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Caliendo, Virginia", "Picciotto, Franco", "Quaglino, Pietro", "Ribero, Simone"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385893", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276598, "pmcid": "PMC7146071", "title": "Using echocardiography to guide the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Peng, Qian-Yi", "Wang, Xiao-Ting", "Zhang, Li-Na"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276598", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357380, "pmcid": "PMC7267666", "title": "Changes in Head and Neck Oncologic Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Brody, Robert M", "Albergotti, W Greer", "Shimunov, David", "Nicolli, Elizabeth", "Harris, Brianna N", "Bur, Andres M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357380", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has raised controversies regarding safe and effective care of patients with head and neck cancer. It is unknown how much the pandemic has changed surgeon practice. A questionnaire was distributed to head and neck surgeons assessing opinions related to treatment and concerns for the safety of patients, self, family, and staff. A total of 88 head and neck surgeons responded during the study period. Surgeons continued to recommend primary surgical treatment for oral cavity cancers. Respondents were more likely to consider nonsurgical therapy for patients with early glottic cancers and HPV-mediated oropharynx cancer. Surgeons were least likely to be concerned for their own health and safety and had the greatest concern for their resident trainees. This study highlights differences in the willingness of head and neck surgeons to delay surgery or alter plans during times when hospital resources are scarce and risk is high."}, {"pmid": 32367812, "title": "[First case of COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab in Iceland].", "journal": "Laeknabladid", "authors": ["Bjornsson, Aron Hjalti", "Olafsdottir, Thorbjorg", "Thormar, Katrin Maria", "Kristjansson, Mar", "Thorisdottir, Anna Sesselja", "Ludviksson, Bjorn Runar", "Guethmundsson, Sigurdur", "Gottfredsson, Magnus"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367812", "countries": ["Iceland"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A gentleman in his early fifties became ill with flu-like symptoms after vacationing abroad and was diagnosed with COVID-19 after returning to Iceland. A few days later he was admitted to the University Hospital, Landspitali, due to worsening respiratory symptoms and severe fatigue. A computed tomography scan of lthe lungs showed diffuse bilateral consolidations and ground glass changes. He developed respiratory failure and was transferred to the intensive care unit where he received further treatment, including tocilizumab (IL-6 receptor inhibitor). He subsequently showed clinical improvement and did not require endotracheal intubation."}, {"pmid": 32314010, "pmcid": "PMC7167494", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) complicated with pneumonia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.", "journal": "Rheumatol Int", "authors": ["Song, Jehun", "Kang, Seongmin", "Choi, Seung Won", "Seo, Kwang Won", "Lee, Sunggun", "So, Min Wook", "Lim, Doo-Ho"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314010", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, numerous coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases were reported in Wuhan, China, which has since spread throughout the world. However, its impact on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is unknown. Herein, we report a case of COVID-19 pneumonia in a 61-year-old female RA patient who was receiving conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs). The patient presented with a 4-day history of myalgia and febrile sensation. COVID-19 was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Chest X-ray showed increased opacity on the right lower lung area, and C-reactive protein level was slightly elevated. The patient was treated with antiviral agents (lopinavir/ritonavir), and treatment with cDMARDs was discontinued except hydroxychloroquine. Her symptoms and laboratory results gradually improved. Three weeks later, real-time PCR for COVID-19 showed negative conversion, and the patient was discharged without any complications."}, {"pmid": 32425225, "pmcid": "PMC7229713", "title": "Endoscopy staff are concerned about acquiring COVID-19 infection when resuming elective endoscopy.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Rex, Douglas K", "Vemulapalli, Krishna C", "Lahr, Rachel E", "McHenry, Lee", "Sherman, Stuart", "Al-Haddad, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181873, "title": "Tabletop exercise to prepare institutions of higher education for an outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Emerg Manag", "authors": ["Wendelboe, Aaron M", "Miller, Amanda", "Drevets, Douglas", "Salinas, Linda", "Miller, E J", "Jackson, Dalton", "Chou, Ann", "Raines, Jill"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181873", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Preparing for public health emergencies is an ongoing process and involves a variety of approaches and tools. Tabletop exercises are one of the tools designed to simulate the emergence of a public health emergency and address some or all of the phases of emergency management: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.1 They typically are designed to include participation of stakeholders from diverse and complementary backgrounds, including command, operations, logistics, planning, and finance.2 Effective tabletop exercises provide a plausible scenario that require cooperation and communication from these functional areas. Tabletops also require forward thinking and planning in a variety of scenarios. When a public health emergency occurs, decision makers may be overwhelmed with decisions that need their immediate attention. Tabletop exercises can provide a framework to help decision makers anticipate future challenges, which may provide the mental model encompassing knowledge and insights that inform both current and future decisions."}, {"pmid": 32363167, "pmcid": "PMC7192561", "title": "Ramadan fasting during Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Diabetes Metab Disord", "authors": ["Tootee, Ali", "Larijani, Bagher"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363167", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471655, "pmcid": "PMC7237904", "title": "Overwhelming COVID-19 Clinical Trials: Call for Prospective Meta-Analyses.", "journal": "Trends Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Ma, Zhongren", "Liu, Jiaye", "Pan, Qiuwei"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471655", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367793, "pmcid": "PMC7251290", "title": "Epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 in Guizhou province, China.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Li, Xiahong", "Wang, Xue", "Liu, Jun", "Huang, Guangtao", "Shi, Xiuquan"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367793", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 associated with SARS-Cov-2 in Guizhou province, and to compare the differences in epidemiology with other provinces. The data were extracted from National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Health Commission of Guizhou province, and Health Commission of Hubei province from January 20 to February 12, 2020. Information included such as general demographic indicators, population data and clinical outcome. A total of 135 cases were analyzed in the study. The average age was 39.46\u00b118.95 years. The ratio of males to females was 0.985:1. Most of COVID-19 patients were 18-45 years old (52.27%). Close contact history was the most common (37.88%), followed by residence history in Hubei (34.85%). There was no difference between males and females in age (P=0.953) and exposure condition (P=0.186). Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the migration index and the number of confirmed cases (r=0.816, P=0.007). Among the cases, most patients were young adults. Most epidemiological characteristics were no difference between males and females. Family-based transmission should not be ignored, as a close contact history was the top reason of exposure. Moreover, population movements also had significant impact on outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32511676, "title": "Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Related to COVID-19 in Previously Healthy Children and Adolescents in New York City.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Cheung, Eva W", "Zachariah, Philip", "Gorelik, Mark", "Boneparth, Alexis", "Kernie, Steven G", "Orange, Jordan S", "Milner, Joshua D"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511676", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421272, "title": "Points & Pearls: Novel 2019 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) An Overview for Emergency Clinicians.", "journal": "Emerg Med Pract", "authors": ["Gupta, Nachi", "Nusbaum, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421272", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273253, "pmcid": "PMC7129111", "title": "Hospital pharmacists' pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Recommendations and guidance from clinical experience.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Song, Zaiwei", "Hu, Yang", "Zheng, Siqian", "Yang, Li", "Zhao, Rongsheng"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273253", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss hospital pharmacists' role in providing pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to promote patient care and management during the pandemic. Based on the method of evidence-based pharmacy, clinical evidence of therapeutical drugs for COVID-19 were retrieved and summarized. Based on clinical experience Chinese hospital pharmacists gained from providing pharmaceutical care services during COVID-19 pandemic, taking COVID-19 hospitalized patients' needs into consideration, the methods and strategies hospital pharmacists shall use to provide pharmaceutical care were analyzed and summarized. Hospital pharmacists shall support pharmaceutical care services by participating in making evidence-based decisions for medication, monitoring and evaluation of medication safety and efficacy, providing strengthened care for special population and patients with combined underlying diseases, monitoring and management of convalescent plasma therapy, providing emotional counselling and psychological support, and providing scientific information about COVID-19 vaccines. The need of pharmaceutical care services in COVID-19 hospitalized patients during this pandemic was quite distinguished from the past. Hospital pharmacists shall join the collaborative multidisciplinary team to improve COVID-19 patients' outcome and reduce mortality, and to facilitate the pandemic control."}, {"pmid": 32475878, "title": "The first pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan; The risk of co-infection with other respiratory viruses.", "journal": "Jpn J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kakuya, Fujio", "Okubo, Hitoshi", "Fujiyasu, Hiroaki", "Wakabayashi, Iori", "Syouji, Masayo", "Kinebuchi, Takahiro"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475878", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, and has a high mortality rate. The disease emerged from Wuhan, China, in late 2019, and spread to Japan, including Hokkaido, in January 2020. In February 2020, three children were diagnosed with COVID-19 in Furano, Hokkaido, Japan. During this period, influenza and human metapneumovirus infections were prevalent among children in the Furano region. Two of the three cases experienced co-infection with other respiratory viruses, including influenza virus A or human metapneumovirus. To the authors' knowledge, the cases described in the present report were the first pediatric patients with COVID-19 in Japan. In children with COVID-19, the possibility of co-infection with other respiratory pathogens should be considered."}, {"pmid": 32462177, "title": "Myocarditis detected after COVID-19 recovery.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Sardari, Akram", "Tabarsi, Payam", "Borhany, Hamed", "Mohiaddin, Raad", "Houshmand, Golnaz"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462177", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410517, "title": "Quarantine of the Covid-19 pandemic in suicide: A psychological autopsy.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Aquila, Isabella", "Sacco, Matteo Antonio", "Ricci, Cristoforo", "Gratteri, Santo", "Ricci, Pietrantonio"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410517", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemiology of suicide has identified numerous psychiatric and occupational risk factors. The circumstances surrounding a suicide are fundamental to determining whether its characteristics will play a crucial role in the decision-making process. The state of emergency arising from the Covid-19 pandemic has introduced a new element, given the general concern and feelings of alarm which are global. The most suitable forensic method to analyse these cases is the psychological autopsy. This study's purpose is to analyse the application of the psychological autopsy method to evaluate the impact of the pandemic where government lockdowns impose restrictions on personal freedom. We set out to consider how far this together with other factors may induce suicide. The literature does not as yet offer us a retrospective analysis of the influence of the global pandemic state on rates of suicide. Accordingly, we report a forensic case and examine the critical issues and problems in the management of these cases."}, {"pmid": 32344060, "pmcid": "PMC7194823", "title": "Spine fellowship training reorganizing during a pandemic: perspectives from a tertiary orthopedic specialty center in the epicenter of outbreak.", "journal": "Spine J", "authors": ["Dowdell, James E", "Louie, Philip K", "Virk, Sohrab", "McCarthy, Michael H", "Sandhu, Harvinder S", "Qureshi, Sheeraz A", "Albert, Todd J", "Kim, Han Jo"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344060", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464099, "pmcid": "PMC7247798", "title": "Tobacco smoking and COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["van Zyl-Smit, Richard N", "Richards, Guy", "Leone, Frank T"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464099", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504925, "pmcid": "PMC7261103", "title": "What would Sergio Ferreira say to your physician in this war against COVID-19: How about kallikrein/kinin system?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Nicolau, Lucas A D", "Magalhaes, Pedro J C", "Vale, Mariana L"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504925", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with fast spreading all over the world caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus which can culminate in a severe acute respiratory syndrome by the injury caused in the lungs. However, other organs can be also damaged. SARS-CoV-2 enter into the host cells using the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as receptor, like its ancestor SARS-CoV. ACE2 is then downregulated in lung tissues with augmented serum levels of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Interestingly, ACE2+ organs reveal the symptomatic repercussions, which are signals of the infection such as dry cough, shortness of breath, heart failure, liver and kidney damage, anosmia or hyposmia, and diarrhea. ACE2 exerts a chief role in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by converting angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7) that activates Mas receptor, inhibits ACE1, and modulates bradykinin (BK) receptor sensitivity, especially the BK type 2 receptor (BKB2R). ACE2 also hydrolizes des-Arg9-bradykinin (DABK), an active BK metabolite, agonist at BK type 1 receptors (BKB1R), which is upregulated by inflammation. In this opinion article, we conjecture a dialogue by the figure of S\u00e9rgio Ferreira which brought together basic science of classical pharmacology and clinical repercussions in COVID-19, then we propose that in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection: i) downregulation of ACE2 impairs the angiotensin II and DABK inactivation; ii) BK and its metabolite DABK seems to be in elevated levels in tissues by interferences in kallikrein/kinin system; iii) BK1 receptor contributes to the outbreak and maintenance of the inflammatory response; iv) kallikrein/kinin system crosstalks to RAS and coagulation system, linking inflammation to thrombosis and organ injury. We hypothesize that targeting the kallikrein/kinin system and BKB1R pathway may be beneficial in SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially on early stages. This route of inference should be experimentally verified by SARS-CoV-2 infected mice."}, {"pmid": 32489149, "pmcid": "PMC7270571", "title": "The psychosocial effects of being quarantined following exposure to COVID-19: A qualitative study of Lebanese health care workers.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Fawaz, Mirna", "Samaha, Ali"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489149", "countries": ["Lebanon"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), health care professionals in Lebanon have been diligently serving as the frontline of defense. In the light of challenging economic and political circumstances, putting their community wellbeing as a priority, and abiding by quarantine and strict infection control measures, health care professionals risk both their physical and mental wellbeing. The aim of this study is to explore the psychosocial effects of being quarantined following exposure to COVID-19 among Lebanese health care professionals. An exploratory qualitative research design was employed, where semi-structured interviews were carried out involving a sample of 13 Lebanese health care providers working at various COVID-19 units. The qualitative analysis has revealed four themes namely 'Fears of contracting and spreading the virus', 'Conflict between professional duty and family obligation', 'Stigma of being infected', and 'Inadequate or inaccurate information'. COVID-19 quarantine has been posing intense psychological challenges among Lebanese health care workers which are worsened at times by the economic instability; thus, health care policymakers are urged to take proper action nationwide to alleviate longlisting implications and support the health care providers in fulfilling their mission."}, {"pmid": 32488189, "title": "Junior researchers hit by coronavirus-triggered hiring freezes.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Woolston, Chris"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488189", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427152, "pmcid": "PMC7227534", "title": "COVID-19: Media coverage and financial markets behavior-A sectoral inquiry.", "journal": "J Behav Exp Finance", "authors": ["Haroon, Omair", "Rizvi, Syed Aun R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427152", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We analyze the relationship between sentiment generated by coronavirus-related news with volatility of equity markets. The ongoing coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) resulted in unprecedented news coverage and outpouring of opinions in this age of swift propagation of information. Ensuing uncertainty in financial markets leads to heightened volatility in prices. We find that overwhelming panic generated by the news outlets are associated with increasing volatility in the equity markets. Our results for individual economic sectors demonstrate that panic-laden news contributed to a greater extent to volatility in the sectors perceived to be most affected by coronavirus outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32505251, "title": "Quality of primary health care in China: challenges and recommendations.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Li, Xi", "Krumholz, Harlan M", "Yip, Winnie", "Cheng, Kar Keung", "De Maeseneer, Jan", "Meng, Qingyue", "Mossialos, Elias", "Li, Chuang", "Lu, Jiapeng", "Su, Meng", "Zhang, Qiuli", "Xu, Dong Roman", "Li, Liming", "Normand, Sharon-Lise T", "Peto, Richard", "Li, Jing", "Wang, Zengwu", "Yan, Hongbing", "Gao, Runlin", "Chunharas, Somsak", "Gao, Xin", "Guerra, Raniero", "Ji, Huijie", "Ke, Yang", "Pan, Zhigang", "Wu, Xianping", "Xiao, Shuiyuan", "Xie, Xinying", "Zhang, Yujuan", "Zhu, Jun", "Zhu, Shanzhu", "Hu, Shengshou"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505251", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "China has substantially increased financial investment and introduced favourable policies for strengthening its primary health care system with core responsibilities in preventing and managing chronic diseases such as hypertension and emerging infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, widespread gaps in the quality of primary health care still exist. In this Review, we aim to identify the causes for this poor quality, and provide policy recommendations. System challenges include: the suboptimal education and training of primary health-care practitioners, a fee-for-service payment system that incentivises testing and treatments over prevention, fragmentation of clinical care and public health service, and insufficient continuity of care throughout the entire health-care system. The following recommendations merit consideration: (1) enhancement of the quality of training for primary health-care physicians, (2) establishment of performance accountability to incentivise high-quality and high-value care; (3) integration of clinical care with the basic public health services, and (4) strengthening of the coordination between primary health-care institutions and hospitals. Additionally, China should consider modernising its primary health-care system through the establishment of a learning health system built on digital data and innovative technologies."}, {"pmid": 32268381, "title": "Neonatal Resuscitation and Postresuscitation Care of Infants Born to Mothers with Suspected or Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Chandrasekharan, Praveen", "Vento, Maximo", "Trevisanuto, Daniele", "Partridge, Elizabeth", "Underwood, Mark A", "Wiedeman, Jean", "Katheria, Anup", "Lakshminrusimha, Satyan"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268381", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in November2019. The rapid progression to a global pandemic of COVID-19 has had profound medical, social, and economic consequences. Pregnant women and newborns represent a vulnerable population. However, the precise impact of this novel virus on the fetus and neonate remains uncertain. Appropriate protection of health care workers and newly born infants during and after delivery by a COVID-19 mother is essential. There is some disagreement among expert organizations on an optimal approach based on resource availability, surge volume, and potential risk of transmission. The manuscript outlines the precautions and steps to be taken before, during, and after resuscitation of a newborn born to a COVID-19 mother, including three optional variations of current standards involving shared-decision making with parents for perinatal management, resuscitation of the newborn, disposition, nutrition, and postdischarge care. The availability of resources may also drive the application of these guidelines. More evidence and research are needed to assess the risk of vertical and horizontal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on fetal and neonatal outcomes. \u00b7 The risk of vertical transmission is unclear; transmission from family members/providers to neonates is possible.. \u00b7 Optimal personal-protective-equipment (airborne vs. droplet/contact precautions) for providers is crucial to prevent transmission.. \u00b7 Parents should be engaged in shared decision-making with options for rooming in, skin-to-skin contact, and breastfeeding.."}, {"pmid": 32310292, "pmcid": "PMC7188167", "title": "Letter: Collateral Pandemic in Face of the Present COVID-19 Pandemic: A Neurosurgical Perspective.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Galarza, Marcelo", "Gazzeri, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310292", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223179, "pmcid": "PMC7144809", "title": "Diagnosing COVID-19: The Disease and Tools for Detection.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Udugama, Buddhisha", "Kadhiresan, Pranav", "Kozlowski, Hannah N", "Malekjahani, Ayden", "Osborne, Matthew", "Li, Vanessa Y C", "Chen, Hongmin", "Mubareka, Samira", "Gubbay, Jonathan B", "Chan, Warren C W"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223179", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has spread globally since its discovery in Hubei province, China in December 2019. A combination of computed tomography imaging, whole genome sequencing, and electron microscopy were initially used to screen and identify SARS-CoV-2, the viral etiology of COVID-19. The aim of this review article is to inform the audience of diagnostic and surveillance technologies for SARS-CoV-2 and their performance characteristics. We describe point-of-care diagnostics that are on the horizon and encourage academics to advance their technologies beyond conception. Developing plug-and-play diagnostics to manage the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak would be useful in preventing future epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32406512, "pmcid": "PMC7239115", "title": "Angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers are not associated with increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Chodick, Gabriel", "Nutman, Amir", "Yiekutiel, Naama", "Shalev, Varda"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406512", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a large Israeli dataset of 14\u2009520 individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers were not found to be associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 infection after adjusting for major confounders. Patients on these medications should not stop their medication prophylactically."}, {"pmid": 32299148, "title": "Considerations for Obesity, Vitamin D, and Physical Activity Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Carter, Stephen J", "Baranauskas, Marissa N", "Fly, Alyce D"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the biomedical community races to disentangle the unknowns associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for causing coronavirus disease, the link between diminished immune function and individuals with obesity raises important questions about the possibility for greater viral pathogenicity in this population. Increased adiposity may undermine the pulmonary microenvironment wherein viral pathogenesis and immune cell trafficking could contribute to a maladaptive cycle of local inflammation and secondary injury. A further challenge to those with obesity during the current pandemic may involve vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. In the interest of personal and public health, we caution decision- and policy\u00a0makers alike not to pin all hope on a proverbial \"silver bullet.\" Until further breakthroughs emerge, we should remember that modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity should not be marginalized. Decades of empirical evidence support both as key factors promoting health and wellness."}, {"pmid": 32363880, "pmcid": "PMC7235633", "title": "Medical treatment options for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care", "authors": ["Delang, Leen", "Neyts, Johan"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363880", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Therapeutic options for coronavirus disease 2019 are desperately needed to respond to the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. Both antiviral drugs and immunomodulators might have their place in the management of coronavirus disease 2019. Unfortunately, no drugs have been approved yet to treat infections with human coronaviruses. As it will take years to develop new therapies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the current focus is on the repurposing of drugs that have been approved or are in development for other conditions. Several clinical trials have already been conducted or are currently ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of such drugs. Here, we discuss the potential of these therapies for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019."}, {"pmid": 32254048, "pmcid": "PMC7137381", "title": "Visualizing an unseen enemy; mobilizing structural biology to counter COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun", "authors": ["Baker, Edward N"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32254048", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426855, "title": "Active implications for dermatologists in \"SARS-CoV-2 era\": Personal experience and review of literature.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Campanati, A", "Brisigotti, V", "Diotallevi, F", "D'Agostino, G M", "Paolinelli, M", "Radi, G", "Rizzetto, G", "Sapigni, C", "Tagliati, C", "Offidani, A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426855", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, from the Chinese city of Wuhan, Hubei, comes the first case of \"atypical ARDS/ interstitial pneumonia\". On February 11, 2020 the WHO officially announced the name of the emergent disease associated with new coronavirus identified as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2): COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) (1). On February 13, 72000 cases have been officially recorded in China, among which 15000 were registered in Hubei province only, with 242 deaths in a single day. After that, Chinese republic has ordered drastic containment measures for fighting SARS-CoV-2 virus spreading (1)."}, {"pmid": 32534053, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the workflow of an ambulatory endoscopy center: an assessment by discrete event simulation.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Das, Ananya"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534053", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As community-based ambulatory endoscopy centers across the nation are trying to reopen and safely resume outpatient endoscopic procedures after the unprecedented lockdown related to the COVID-19 pandemic, guidelines recommend pre-testing and screening for COVID-19 along with other mitigation measures for the safety of patients and staff. The impact of such changes in the workflow of ambulatory endoscopy centers on throughput and other performance indicators is largely unknown although a significant reduction in revenue stream is expected. A discrete event simulation-based model was developed in the setting of a small to medium community-based single-specialty ambulatory endoscopy center to quantify the impact of COVID-19 related workflow changes on performance indicators and cost per case compared with the pre-COVID-19 baseline. In the simulation model, post-COVID-19 recommended workflow changes significantly impacted the operational and productivity metrics and, in turn, adversely affected the financial metrics. Overall, there was a significant decrease in staff utilization, and consequent increase in total facility time, waiting time for patients, and cost per case because of a bottleneck at the time of preprocedure COVID-19 screening and testing while practicing social distancing. Strategies to minimize this adverse impact on productivity were assessed. Pretesting and screening for COVID-19 as recommended by current guidelines will significantly impact the productivity and revenue stream of ambulatory endoscopy centers. Urgent measures by the payors are needed to adjust the facility reimbursement of endoscopy centers to ensure successful reopening and ramping up outpatient endoscopy services in these facilities already hit hard by the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32505792, "title": "Healthcare Personnel Exposure to a Patient with Asymptomatic SARS-CoV2 Infection during a Prolonged Surgical Intervention.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Lucar, Jose", "Navalkele, Bhagyashri", "Becker, Blake P", "Reed, Chris D", "Parham, Jason"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is ongoing debate regarding the role of aerosols in the transmission of SARS-CoV2 in the healthcare environment. Here we report a case in which multiple operating room healthcare providers were exposed to a patient with asymptomatic SARS-CoV2 infection during a prolonged orthopedic surgical intervention and had no evidence of COVID-19 during the 14-day post-exposure period."}, {"pmid": 32434792, "title": "Covid-19 and alcohol-a dangerous cocktail.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Finlay, Ilora", "Gilmore, Ian"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434792", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305359, "pmcid": "PMC7162779", "title": "American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Pharmacy Special Interest Group Position Statement on Pharmacy Practice Management and Clinical Management for COVID-19 in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Patients in the United States.", "journal": "Biol Blood Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Mahmoudjafari, Zahra", "Alexander, Maurice", "Roddy, Julianna", "Shaw, Ryan", "Shigle, Terri Lynn", "Timlin, Colleen", "Culos, Katie"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305359", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a significant risk to patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) or cellular therapy. The American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Pharmacy Special Interest Group Steering Committee aims to provide pharmacy practice management recommendations for how to transition clinical HCT or cellular therapy pharmacy services using telemedicine capabilities in the inpatient and outpatient settings to maintain an equivalent level of clinical practice while minimizing viral spread in a high-risk, immunocompromised population.\u00a0In addition, the Steering Committee offers clinical management recommendations for COVID-19 in HCT and\u00a0cellular therapy recipients based on the rapidly developing literature. As the therapeutic and supportive care interventions for COVID-19 expand, collaboration with clinical pharmacy providers is critical to ensure safe administration in HCT recipients. Attention to drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and toxicity, particularly QTc prolongation, warrants close cardiac monitoring and potential cessation of concomitant QTc-prolonging agents. Expanded indications for hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab have already caused stress on the usual supply chain. Detailed prescribing algorithms, decision pathways, and specific patient population stock may be necessary. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged all members of the healthcare team, and we must continue to remain vigilant in providing pharmacy clinical services to one of the most high-risk patient populations while also remaining committed to providing compassionate and safe care for patients undergoing HCT and cellular therapies."}, {"pmid": 32384188, "pmcid": "PMC7267264", "title": "Parenteral Fish-Oil Emulsions in Critically Ill COVID-19 Emulsions.", "journal": "JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr", "authors": ["Bistrian, Bruce R"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384188", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32108071, "title": "Where did SARS-CoV-2 come from?", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Zhai, Shao-Lun", "Wei, Wen-Kang", "Lv, Dian-Hong", "Xu, Zhi-Hong", "Chen, Qin-Ling", "Sun, Ming-Fei", "Li, Feng", "Wang, Dan"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108071", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427964, "title": "To set coronavirus policy, model lives and livelihoods in lockstep.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Haldane, Andy"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427964", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471937, "pmcid": "PMC7257617", "title": "Children coronavirus dilemma.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Midulla, Fabio", "Cristiani, Luca", "Mancino, Enrica"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471937", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343355, "title": "COVID-19 in Prisons and Jails in the United States.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Hawks, Laura", "Woolhandler, Steffie", "McCormick, Danny"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343355", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320273, "title": "Navigating Healthcare Supply Shortages During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cardiologist's Perspective.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Khot, Umesh N"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320273", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394336, "pmcid": "PMC7212844", "title": "An innovative endotracheal tube clamp for use in COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Jacob, Miguel", "Ruivo, Ernesto", "Portela, Ines", "Tavares, Joao", "Varela, Miguel", "Moutinho, Sofia", "Costa, Hugo", "Nunez, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281517, "title": "The daily impact of COVID-19 in gastroenterology.", "journal": "United European Gastroenterol J", "authors": ["Magro, Fernando", "Abreu, Candida", "Rahier, Jean-Francois"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281517", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new strain of coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, probably originating from a wild-animal contamination. Since then, the situation rapidly evolved from a cluster of patients with pneumonia, to a regional epidemic and now to a pandemic called COrona VIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This evolution is related to the peculiar modes of transmission of the disease and to the globalization and lifestyle of the 21st century that created the perfect scenario for virus spread. Even though research has not evidenced particular susceptibility of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection, immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory treatments were considered potential risk factors. In this context, initiating treatments with these agents should be cautiously weighted and regular ongoing treatments shall be continued, while the dose of corticosteroids should be reduced whenever possible. Due to the increased risk of contamination, elective endoscopic procedures and surgeries should be postponed and IBD online appointments shall be considered. IBD patients shall also follow the recommendations provided to the general population, such as minimization of contact with infected or suspected patients and to wash hands frequently. In the absence of effective treatments and vaccines, this pandemic can only be controlled through prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission with the main objectives of providing patients the best healthcare possible and reduce mortality."}, {"pmid": 32489191, "title": "Italian validation of CoViD-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index and preliminary data in a sample of general population.", "journal": "Riv Psichiatr", "authors": ["Costantini, Anna", "Mazzotti, Eva"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489191", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Peritraumatic distress is an important predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder and although several questionnaires are available for its measurement, none of these are specific to CoViD-19. The new CoViD-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI), developed in China, is characterized as a rapid compilation tool (10 minutes), easily understandable and appreciated by people. The objectives of this study were: (1) the validation of the Italian version of the CPDI, and (2) the measurement of the prevalence of peritraumatic distress in this phase 1 CoViD-19. CPDI has been translated using a standard forward-backward-translation procedure and offered online to 329 people (191 females and 137 males, aged 46.49 \u00b1 13.58 years). The CPDI showed an internal-consistency of Cronbach's \u03b1 =0.916. Content validity was judged satisfactory by two psychologists experienced in stress and trauma. The construct validity is given by the high correlation with the dimensions of Intrusion, Avoidance and Hyperarousal as measured by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (r=0.63, r=0.57, r=0.71, respectively). Our results are comparable to the Chinese ones. A third of people experienced symptoms of mild/moderate and severe peritraumatic distress. Females have higher scores, compared to males. Older people are more resilient, compared to younger, and those who have been in quarantine report less distress than those didn't, as evidenced by the results of the multivariate logistic regression model. High distress was associated with use of psychotropic drugs (AOR=4.28; 95% CI=1.55-11.85), sleeping remedies (AOR=4.05; 95% CI=2.07-7.94), be worried about dying in case of contagion CoViD-19 (AOR=3.33; 95% CI=1.83-6.06), female gender (AOR=2.95; 95% CI=1.58-5.53) and have a religious belief (AOR=1.97; 95% CI=1.05-3.70). To be aged 51-71 years, to have been in quarantine and to have received psychological support were variables associated with lower distress scores. The psychometric properties of the Italian version are satisfactory and confirm that CPDI is a tool fast, non-intrusive, administered online, and therefore 'safe' in a phase with a high risk of contagion. It allows, like a psychic thermoscan, to quickly detect the needs of the population and propose equally rapid interventions."}, {"pmid": 32407517, "title": "Pharmacy leadership during emergency preparedness: Insights from the Middle East and South Asia.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Siddiqui, Mohammad Aslam", "Abdeldayem, Ahmed", "Dayem, Khalid Abdel", "Mahomed, Shuaib Haroon", "Diab, Mariam Jihad"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407517", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32424497, "pmcid": "PMC7233671", "title": "COVID-19: what happened to all of the otolaryngology emergencies?", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Gelardi, Matteo", "Iannuzzi, Lucia", "Trecca, Eleonora M C", "Kim, Brandon", "Quaranta, Nicola A A", "Cassano, Michele"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424497", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302385, "pmcid": "PMC7188110", "title": "Letter: Rongeurs, Neurosurgeons, and COVID-19: How Do We Protect Health Care Personnel During Neurosurgical Operations in the Midst of Aerosol-Generation From High-Speed Drills?", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Chan, David Yuen Chung", "Chan, Danny Tat Ming", "Mak, Wai Kit", "Wong, George Kwok Chu", "Poon, Wai Sang"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302385", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293083, "pmcid": "PMC7262115", "title": "Pulmonary thrombosis in 2019-nCoV pneumonia?", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Marongiu, Francesco", "Grandone, Elvira", "Barcellona, Doris"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293083", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294342, "pmcid": "PMC7179960", "title": "Death from Covid-19 of 23 Health Care Workers in China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Zhan, Mingkun", "Qin, Yaxun", "Xue, Xiang", "Zhu, Shuaijun"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294342", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389148, "pmcid": "PMC7225209", "title": "Psychological distress among health professional students during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Li, Yuchen", "Wang, Yue", "Jiang, Jingwen", "Valdimarsdottir, Unnur A", "Fall, Katja", "Fang, Fang", "Song, Huan", "Lu, Donghao", "Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389148", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the drastic surge of COVID-19 patients, many countries are considering or already graduating health professional students early to aid professional resources. We aimed to assess outbreak-related psychological distress and symptoms of acute stress reaction (ASR) in health professional students and to characterize individuals with potential need for interventions. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 1442 health professional students at Sichuan University, China. At baseline (October 2019), participants were assessed for childhood adversity, stressful life events, internet addiction, and family functioning. Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined associations of the above exposures with subsequent psychological distress and ASR in response to the outbreak. Three hundred and eighty-four (26.63%) participants demonstrated clinically significant psychological distress, while 160 (11.10%) met the criterion for a probable ASR. Individuals who scored high on both childhood adversity and stressful life event experiences during the past year were at increased risks of both distress (ORs 2.00-2.66) and probable ASR (ORs 2.23-3.10), respectively. Moreover, internet addiction was associated with elevated risks of distress (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.60-2.64) and probable ASR (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.50-3.10). By contrast, good family functioning was associated with decreased risks of distress (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.33-0.55) and probable ASR (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.33-0.69). All associations were independent of baseline psychological distress. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 related psychological distress and high symptoms burden of ASR are common among health professional students. Extended family and professional support should be considered for vulnerable individuals during these unprecedented times."}, {"pmid": 32462422, "pmcid": "PMC7251044", "title": "Navigating COVID-19 in the developing world.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Hodkinson, Bridget", "Singh, Prasun", "Gcelu, Ayanda", "Molano, Wilson Bautista", "Pons-Estel, Guillermo", "Alpizar-Rodriguez, Deshire"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462422", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532825, "title": "Surgery during COVID-19 crisis conditions: can we protect our ethical integrity against the odds?", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Macleod, Jack", "Mezher, Sermed", "Hasan, Ragheb"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532825", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is reducing the ability to perform surgical procedures worldwide, giving rise to a multitude of ethical, practical and medical dilemmas. Adapting to crisis conditions requires a rethink of traditional best practices in surgical management, delving into an area of unknown risk profiles. Key challenging areas include cancelling elective operations, modifying procedures to adapt local services and updating the consenting process. We aim to provide an ethical rationale to support change in practice and guide future decision-making. Using the four principles approach as a structure, Medline was searched for existing ethical frameworks aimed at resolving conflicting moral duties. Where insufficient data were available, best guidance was sought from educational institutions: National Health Service England and The Royal College of Surgeons. Multiple papers presenting high-quality, reasoned, ethical theory and practice guidance were collected. Using this as a basis to assess current practice, multiple requirements were generated to ensure preservation of ethical integrity when making management decisions. Careful consideration of ethical principles must guide production of local guidance ensuring consistent patient selection thus preserving equality as well as quality of clinical services. A critical issue is balancing the benefit of surgery against the unknown risk of developing COVID-19 and its associated complications. As such, the need for surgery must be sufficiently pressing to proceed with conventional or non-conventional operative management; otherwise, delaying intervention is justified. For delayed operations, it is our duty to quantify the long-term impact on patients' outcome within the constraints of pandemic management and its long-term outlook."}, {"pmid": 32383171, "pmcid": "PMC7267605", "title": "Asymptomatic cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Yishan", "Kang, Hanyujie", "Liu, Xuefeng", "Tong, Zhaohui"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383171", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 March 2020, Chinese Health Authorization announced that numbers of asymptomatic cases with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will be made to the public daily. This was a very important step since different counties have different capacities for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection and control strategy for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak. We summarized the characteristics of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and the transmission potential of asymptomatic cases. Then we provided guidelines for the management of asymptomatic cases through quarantine and nucleic acid/serology tests."}, {"pmid": 32337148, "pmcid": "PMC7179991", "title": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Presenting as Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Siddamreddy, Suman", "Thotakura, Ramakrishna", "Dandu, Vasuki", "Kanuru, Sruthi", "Meegada, Sreenath"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337148", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with Covid-19 disease commonly present with symptoms related to respiratory illness, and less commonly they develop cardiovascular complications either on presentation or during the course of the disease. The mortality/morbidity is high in these patients with cardiovascular involvement.\u00a0Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a medical emergency which needs immediate coronary re-perfusion for better patient outcomes. Here we present a patient who presented to the emergency room with acute STEMI and later tested positive for COVID-19. She was successfully treated with coronary revascularization and stent placement, and remains on the ventilator to date as she quickly developed acute respiratory distress syndrome. We need more research in Covid-19 patients with cardiovascular involvement\u00a0for early diagnosis, prevention of exposure to health care workers and effective treatment."}, {"pmid": 32393801, "title": "Supporting the UK National Health Service during the COVID-19 crisis from an academic perspective.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Trost, Matthias"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393801", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286082, "title": "Impact, Strategies, and Opportunities for Early and Midcareer Cardiovascular Researchers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Climie, Rachel E", "Marques, Francine Z"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286082", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407787, "pmcid": "PMC7215152", "title": "Universal SARS-CoV-2 testing of pregnant women admitted for delivery in two Italian regions.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Gagliardi, Luigi", "Danieli, Roberto", "Suriano, Giovanni", "Vaccaro, Angelina", "Tripodi, Gino", "Rusconi, Franca", "Ramenghi, Luca A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407787", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293816, "title": "The impact of covid-19 on rehabilitation services and activities. Letter to the editor in response to official document of SIMFER.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Singh, Rajiv", "Burn, John", "Sivan, Manoj"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293816", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496851, "title": "Social prescribing: a 'natural' community-based solution.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Howarth, Michelle", "Griffiths, Alistair", "da Silva, Anna", "Green, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper discusses social prescribing as part of the wider NHS England universal personalised care model, and it describes how community nurses can engage with social prescribing systems to support community resilience. A case study based on the example of gardening, as a nature-based social prescription provided by the RHS Bridgewater Wellbeing Garden, is provided to illustrate the scope, reach and impact of non-medical, salutogenic approaches for community practitioners. The authors argue that social prescribing and, in particular, nature-based solutions, such as gardening, can be used as a non-medical asset-based approach by all health professionals working in the community as a way to promote health and wellbeing. They consider how the negative impact of social distancing resulting from COVID-19 restrictions could be diluted through collaboration between a holistic, social prescribing system and community staff. The paper presents a unique perspective on how community nurses can collaborate with link workers through social prescribing to help combat social isolation and anxiety and support resilience."}, {"pmid": 32420958, "title": "Sofosbuvir as a potential option for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Nourian, Anahid", "Khalili, Hossein"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420958", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sofosbuvir may be a potential option in the treatment of COVID-19 based on the similarity between the replication mechanisms of the HCV and the coronavirus. According the limited experimental evidences, it is hypothesized that sofosbuvir might be a potential option to improve care of patients with COVID-19 especially at the start of the disease and before invasion of the virus into the lung parenchymal cells. Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir in treatment of COVID-19 may be considered in future clinical studies."}, {"pmid": 32461487, "title": "COVID-19 and eye banking.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Chaurasia, Sunita", "Sharma, Namrata", "Das, Sujata"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461487", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513650, "title": "Monitoring of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Holubar, Jan", "Le Quintrec, Moglie", "Letaief, Hind", "Faillie, Jean Luc", "Pers, Yves-Marie", "Jorgensen, Christian"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513650", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518634, "pmcid": "PMC7255895", "title": "Lithium and coronaviral infections. A scoping review.", "journal": "F1000Res", "authors": ["Nowak, Jan K", "Walkowiak, Jaroslaw"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518634", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) calls for a rapid response from the research community. Lithium is widely used to treat bipolar disorder, but has been shown to exhibit antiviral activity. This brief review took a systematic approach to identify six in vitro studies reporting on the influence of lithium on coronaviral infections. We propose mechanistic investigation of the influence of lithium - alone and with chloroquine - on the SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32357545, "title": "Emergence of Drift Variants That May Affect COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Antibody Treatment.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Koyama, Takahiko", "Weeraratne, Dilhan", "Snowdon, Jane L", "Parida, Laxmi"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357545", "countries": ["China", "Switzerland", "France", "Netherlands"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) treatments and vaccines are under development to combat COVID-19. Several approaches are being used by scientists for investigation, including (1) various small molecule approaches targeting RNA polymerase, 3C-like protease, and RNA endonuclease; and (2) exploration of antibodies obtained from convalescent plasma from patients who have recovered from COVID-19. The coronavirus genome is highly prone to mutations that lead to genetic drift and escape from immune recognition; thus, it is imperative that sub-strains with different mutations are also accounted for during vaccine development. As the disease has grown to become a pandemic, B-cell and T-cell epitopes predicted from SARS coronavirus have been reported. Using the epitope information along with variants of the virus, we have found several variants which might cause drifts. Among such variants, 23403A>G variant (p.D614G) in spike protein B-cell epitope is observed frequently in European countries, such as the Netherlands, Switzerland, and France, but seldom observed in China."}, {"pmid": 32142928, "pmcid": "PMC7127013", "title": "Clinical and CT imaging features of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhu, Ying", "Liu, Yang-Li", "Li, Zi-Ping", "Kuang, Jian-Yi", "Li, Xiang-Min", "Yang, You-You", "Feng, Shi-Ting"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142928", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301958, "title": "The Promise and Peril of Antibody Testing for COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Abbasi, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301958", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471811, "title": "Covid-19: Two thirds of people contacted through tracing did not fully cooperate, pilot scheme finds.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471811", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281185, "pmcid": "PMC7228254", "title": "Life in the pandemic: Some reflections on nursing in the context of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Jackson, Debra", "Bradbury-Jones, Caroline", "Baptiste, Diana", "Gelling, Leslie", "Morin, Karen", "Neville, Stephen", "Smith, Graeme D"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281185", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441209, "title": "Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, Meaningful Communication between Family Caregivers and Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities is Imperative.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Hado, Edem", "Friss Feinberg, Lynn"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441209", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Older adults residing in long-term care facilities are especially vulnerable for severe illness or death from COVID-19. To contain the transmission of the virus in long-term care facilities, federal health officials have issued strict visitation guidelines, restricting most visits between residents and all visitors, including family members. Yet, many older adults rely on family care for social support and to maintain their health, well-being, and safety in long-term care facilities, and therefore need to stay connected to their families. The federal government, state and local leaders, and long-term care facilities should take further actions to enable the relationship between residents of long-term care facilities and families during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32424196, "pmcid": "PMC7232918", "title": "COVID-19 and cancer: do we really know what we think we know?", "journal": "Nat Rev Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Robinson, Andrew G", "Gyawali, Bishal", "Evans, Gerald"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424196", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503799, "title": "Abrupt deterioration and pulmonary embolism in COVID-19: a case report.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Motwani, Manish"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503799", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A case is presented highlighting pulmonary embolism as an important complication of COVID-19 and the abruptness with which deterioration and widespread pulmonary infiltrates can develop even after relatively normal initial investigations, illustrating the importance of follow-up. The role of CT scanning in COVID-19 is also discussed."}, {"pmid": 32470789, "pmcid": "PMC7244420", "title": "Survival of COVID-19 patients requires precise immune regulation: The hypothetical immunoprotective role of nicotinic agonists.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Allahverdi Khani, M", "SalehiRad, M", "Darbeheshti, S", "Motaghinejad, M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470789", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "recent studies have provided novel evidence regarding the effect of nicotine agonists on the prevention or modulation of cytokines storm and reduction of infection. In this study we tried to attempt to address these issues from a therapeutic perspective of nicotine agonists in this manner and we describe one of the most challenging theories of immunotherapy in coronavirus-19 (COVID-19). The analysis of the proposed mechanism goes beyond the physiological consequences of a way to design new strategies to provide anti-inflammatory drugs."}, {"pmid": 32140538, "pmcid": "PMC7049657", "title": "The novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a one health issue.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Marty, Aileen Maria", "Jones, Malcolm K"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32140538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407300, "title": "COVID-19 in Correctional and Detention Facilities - United States, February-April 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Wallace, Megan", "Hagan, Liesl", "Curran, Kathryn G", "Williams, Samantha P", "Handanagic, Senad", "Bjork, Adam", "Davidson, Sherri L", "Lawrence, Robert T", "McLaughlin, Joseph", "Butterfield, Marilee", "James, Allison E", "Patil, Naveen", "Lucas, Kimberley", "Hutchinson, Justine", "Sosa, Lynn", "Jara, Amanda", "Griffin, Phillip", "Simonson, Sean", "Brown, Catherine M", "Smoyer, Stephanie", "Weinberg, Meghan", "Pattee, Brittany", "Howell, Molly", "Donahue, Matthew", "Hesham, Soliman", "Shelley, Ellen", "Philips, Grace", "Selvage, David", "Staley, E Michele", "Lee, Anthony", "Mannell, Mike", "McCotter, Orion", "Villalobos, Raul", "Bell, Linda", "Diedhiou, Abdoulaye", "Ortbahn, Dustin", "Clayton, Joshua L", "Sanders, Kelsey", "Cranford, Hannah", "Barbeau, Bree", "McCombs, Katherine G", "Holsinger, Caroline", "Kwit, Natalie A", "Pringle, Julia C", "Kariko, Sara", "Strick, Lara", "Allord, Matt", "Tillman, Courtney", "Morrison, Andrea", "Rowe, Devin", "Marlow, Mariel"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407300", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An estimated 2.1 million U.S. adults are housed within approximately 5,000 correctional and detention facilities\u2020 on any given day (1). Many facilities face significant challenges in controlling the spread of highly infectious pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Such challenges include crowded dormitories, shared lavatories, limited medical and isolation resources, daily entry and exit of staff members and visitors, continual introduction of newly incarcerated or detained persons, and transport of incarcerated or detained persons in multiperson vehicles for court-related, medical, or security reasons (2,3). During April 22-28, 2020, aggregate data on COVID-19 cases were reported to CDC by 37 of 54 state and territorial health department jurisdictions. Thirty-two (86%) jurisdictions reported at least one laboratory-confirmed case from a total of 420 correctional and detention facilities. Among these facilities, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 4,893 incarcerated or detained persons and 2,778 facility staff members, resulting in 88 deaths in incarcerated or detained persons and 15 deaths among staff members. Prompt identification of COVID-19 cases and consistent application of prevention measures, such as symptom screening and quarantine, are critical to protecting incarcerated and detained persons and staff members."}, {"pmid": 32299195, "title": "Keeping an eye on COVID-19: Ophthalmic care and triage for general practitioners.", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Fung, Adrian T", "Yang, Xinyi", "Mack, Heather G"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299195", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ability of general practitioners to triage ophthalmic conditions appropriately is critical in our fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32499391, "title": "Covid-19: Lack of test and trace data are frustrating government scrutiny.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Griffin, Shaun"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499391", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492293, "title": "A Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Postexposure Prophylaxis for Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Boulware, David R", "Pullen, Matthew F", "Bangdiwala, Ananta S", "Pastick, Katelyn A", "Lofgren, Sarah M", "Okafor, Elizabeth C", "Skipper, Caleb P", "Nascene, Alanna A", "Nicol, Melanie R", "Abassi, Mahsa", "Engen, Nicole W", "Cheng, Matthew P", "LaBar, Derek", "Lother, Sylvain A", "MacKenzie, Lauren J", "Drobot, Glen", "Marten, Nicole", "Zarychanski, Ryan", "Kelly, Lauren E", "Schwartz, Ilan S", "McDonald, Emily G", "Rajasingham, Radha", "Lee, Todd C", "Hullsiek, Kathy H"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492293", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) occurs after exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). For persons who are exposed, the standard of care is observation and quarantine. Whether hydroxychloroquine can prevent symptomatic infection after SARS-CoV-2 exposure is unknown. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial across the United States and parts of Canada testing hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis. We enrolled adults who had household or occupational exposure to someone with confirmed Covid-19 at a distance of less than 6 ft for more than 10 minutes while wearing neither a face mask nor an eye shield (high-risk exposure) or while wearing a face mask but no eye shield (moderate-risk exposure). Within 4 days after exposure, we randomly assigned participants to receive either placebo or hydroxychloroquine (800 mg once, followed by 600 mg in 6 to 8 hours, then 600 mg daily for 4 additional days). The primary outcome was the incidence of either laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 or illness compatible with Covid-19 within 14 days. We enrolled 821 asymptomatic participants. Overall, 87.6% of the participants (719 of 821) reported a high-risk exposure to a confirmed Covid-19 contact. The incidence of new illness compatible with Covid-19 did not differ significantly between participants receiving hydroxychloroquine (49 of 414 [11.8%]) and those receiving placebo (58 of 407 [14.3%]); the absolute difference was -2.4 percentage points (95% confidence interval, -7.0 to 2.2; P\u2009=\u20090.35). Side effects were more common with hydroxychloroquine than with placebo (40.1% vs. 16.8%), but no serious adverse reactions were reported. After high-risk or moderate-risk exposure to Covid-19, hydroxychloroquine did not prevent illness compatible with Covid-19 or confirmed infection when used as postexposure prophylaxis within 4 days after exposure. (Funded by David Baszucki and Jan Ellison Baszucki and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04308668.)."}, {"pmid": 32437497, "pmcid": "PMC7243161", "title": "Postmortem Examination of Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Schaller, Tina", "Hirschbuhl, Klaus", "Burkhardt, Katrin", "Braun, Georg", "Trepel, Martin", "Markl, Bruno", "Claus, Rainer"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437497", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423581, "pmcid": "PMC7190294", "title": "Institutional, not home-based, isolation could contain the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Dickens, Borame L", "Koo, Joel R", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Cook, Alex R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423581", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308156, "title": "Abortion in the context of COVID-19: a human rights imperative.", "journal": "Sex Reprod Health Matters", "authors": ["Todd-Gher, Jaime", "Shah, Payal K"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308156", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515363, "title": "[Psychopathological symptoms during Covid-19 quarantine in spanish general population: a preliminary analysis based on sociodemographic and occupational-contextual factors.]", "journal": "Rev Esp Salud Publica", "authors": ["Becerra-Garcia, Juan Antonio", "Gimenez Ballesta, Gala", "Sanchez-Gutierrez, Teresa", "Barbeito Resa, Sara", "Calvo Calvo, Ana"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515363", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic disease forced different countries to adopt quarantine measures. These actions could have an impact on mental health in the general population. The objective of this study was to analyze the differences in psychopathological symptoms shown by Spanish general population during the COVID-19 quarantine based on sociodemographic, occupational and environmental-contextual variables. A cross-sectional pilot study was performed in a sample of 151 participants aged between 18-76 years old. The Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire via online was used to measure the severity of psychopathology symptoms. Socio-demographic, environmental and occupational variables were collected with an ad hoc questionnaire. The data were gathered from the 3rd to the 6th of April, 2020. A descriptive and comparative analysis was carried out using parametric contrasts (t test and ANOVA). The younger participants (18-35 years) showed higher levels of hostility (t=2.24; p=0.02), depression (t=2.56; p=0.01), anxiety (t=2.78; p=0.006) and interpersonal sensitivity (t=2.08; p=0.04) than older participants (36-76 years). The active or employed people presented lower values of depressive symptoms (t=2.10; p=0.04) than unemployed people. The participants who dedicate less than 30 minutes on getting informed about COVID-19 showed higher scores for hostility (t=2.36; p=0.02) and interpersonal sensitivity (t=1.98; p=0.04) than participants who indicated dedicating at least 30 minutes. People who played sport daily reported a lower level of somatization symptoms (t=-2.11; p=0.03) than persons that did not play sport. Those who had relatives, acquaintances, etc. with COVID-19 reported higher levels of anxiety (t=2.09; p=0.04) than those who did not have close people infected. Lastly, participants who lived alone showed a higher level of psychoticism (F=3.93; p=0.02) compared to those who lived with more than two people. The findings of this study show that during quarantine can be identified groups with higher psychological vulnerability based on sociodemographic and occupational-contextual factors."}, {"pmid": 32327719, "pmcid": "PMC7187144", "title": "Complement as a target in COVID-19?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Risitano, Antonio M", "Mastellos, Dimitrios C", "Huber-Lang, Markus", "Yancopoulou, Despina", "Garlanda, Cecilia", "Ciceri, Fabio", "Lambris, John D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327719", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437705, "pmcid": "PMC7207129", "title": "Palliative care considerations for cardiovascular clinicians in COVID-19.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Desai, Akshay S", "Kamdar, Brinda B", "Mehra, Mandeep R"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437705", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224232, "pmcid": "PMC7195089", "title": "COVID-19: Pandemic Contingency Planning for the Allergy and Immunology Clinic.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Shaker, Marcus S", "Oppenheimer, John", "Grayson, Mitchell", "Stukus, David", "Hartog, Nicholas", "Hsieh, Elena W Y", "Rider, Nicholas", "Dutmer, Cullen M", "Vander Leek, Timothy K", "Kim, Harold", "Chan, Edmond S", "Mack, Doug", "Ellis, Anne K", "Lang, David", "Lieberman, Jay", "Fleischer, David", "Golden, David B K", "Wallace, Dana", "Portnoy, Jay", "Mosnaim, Giselle", "Greenhawt, Matthew"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224232", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the event of a global infectious pandemic, drastic measures may be needed that limit or require adjustment of ambulatory allergy services. However, no rationale for how to prioritize service shut down and patient care exists. A consensus-based ad-hoc expert panel of allergy/immunology specialists from the United States and Canada developed a service and patient prioritization schematic to temporarily triage allergy/immunology services. Recommendations and feedback were developed iteratively, using an adapted modified Delphi methodology to achieve consensus. During the ongoing pandemic while social distancing is being encouraged, most allergy/immunology care could be postponed/delayed or handled through virtual care. With the exception of many patients with primary immunodeficiency, patients on venom immunotherapy, and patients with asthma of a certain severity, there is limited need for face-to-face visits under such conditions. These suggestions are intended to help provide a logical approach to quickly adjust service to mitigate risk to both medical staff and patients. Importantly, individual community circumstances may be unique and require contextual consideration. The decision to enact any of these measures rests with the judgment of each clinician and individual health care system. Pandemics are unanticipated, and enforced social distancing/quarantining is highly unusual. This expert panel consensus document offers a prioritization rational to help guide decision making when such situations arise and an allergist/immunologist is forced to reduce services or makes the decision on his or her own to do so."}, {"pmid": 32487487, "pmcid": "PMC7250759", "title": "Tele-oncology in the COVID-19 Era: The Way Forward?", "journal": "Trends Cancer", "authors": ["Shirke, Manasi Mahesh", "Shaikh, Safwan Ahmed", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487487", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has had a devastating impact on the care of cancer patients. Thus, tele-oncology has become a necessity to improve cancer care. Several organisations have issued guidelines for its use during COVID-19. Despite certain shortcomings, tele-oncology has great potential to help cancer patients during COVID-19 and in the future."}, {"pmid": 32343458, "pmcid": "PMC7267295", "title": "Optimizing your telemedicine visit during the COVID-19 pandemic: Practice guidelines for patients with head and neck cancer.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Prasad, Aman", "Brewster, Ryan", "Newman, Jason G", "Rajasekaran, Karthik"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343458", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic has resulted in many hospitals and practices to cancel in-person outpatient clinic visits, where head and neck patients receive their critical longitudinal care. Out of necessity, most practices have been encouraged to use telemedicine as a method to maintain a continuum of care with their patients. As a result, the prevalence of telemedicine has grown rapidly during this pandemic, without allowing the physicians and patients to be adequately educated on how best to utilize the services. There is a steep learning curve as we have learned, and our goal is to provide guidelines for both patients and physicians, as well as a valuable patient handout in preparation for their visit."}, {"pmid": 32460683, "title": "Rapid Conversion of an Outpatient Psychiatric Clinic to a 100% Virtual Telepsychiatry Clinic in Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatr Serv", "authors": ["Yellowlees, Peter", "Nakagawa, Keisuke", "Pakyurek, Murat", "Hanson, Angel", "Elder, Jerry", "Kales, Helen C"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460683", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In anticipation of a surge of COVID-19 cases in Northern California, the outpatient psychiatric clinic at UC Davis Health, in which 98% of visits initially occurred in person, was converted to a telepsychiatry clinic, with all visits changed to virtual appointments within 3 business days. The clinic had 73 virtual appointments on its first day after full conversion. This column describes the process, challenges, and lessons learned from this rapid conversion. Patients were generally grateful, providers learned rapidly how to work from home, and the clinic remained financially viable with no immediate losses."}, {"pmid": 32515806, "title": "How Will COVID-19 Affect the Health Care Economy?", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Cutler, David"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515806", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341616, "pmcid": "PMC7182752", "title": "Exploration of alternative supply chains and distributed manufacturing in response to COVID-19; a case study of medical face shields.", "journal": "Mater Des", "authors": ["Shokrani, Alborz", "Loukaides, Evripides G", "Elias, Edward", "Lunt, Alexander J G"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341616", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Quarantine conditions arising as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) have had a significant impact on global production-rates and supply chains. This has coincided with increased demands for medical and personal protective equipment such as face shields. Shortages have been particularly prevalent in western countries which typically rely upon global supply chains to obtain these types of device from low-cost economies. National calls for the repurposing of domestic mass-production facilities have the potential to meet medical requirements in coming weeks, however the immediate demand associated with the virus has led to the mobilisation of a diverse distributed workforce. Selection of appropriate manufacturing processes and underused supply chains is paramount to the success of these operations. A simplified medical face shield design is presented which repurposes an assortment of existing alternative supply chains. The device is easy to produce with minimal equipment and training. It is hoped that the methodology and approach presented is of use to the wider community at this critical time."}, {"pmid": 32433633, "title": "Coronavirus contact-tracing apps: can they slow the spread of COVID-19?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Zastrow, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433633", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412329, "title": "An Ounce of Prevention May Prevent Hospitalization.", "journal": "Physiol Rev", "authors": ["Barker, Andrew B", "Wagener, Brant M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362291, "pmcid": "PMC7225214", "title": "Calculating an institutional personal protective equipment (PPE) burn rate to project future usage patterns during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Raja, Sumanth", "Patolia, Harsh H", "Baffoe-Bonnie, Anthony W"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362291", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457226, "title": "COVID-19 in MS: Initial observations from the Pacific Northwest.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Bowen, James D", "Brink, Justine", "Brown, Ted R", "Lucassen, Elisabeth B", "Smoot, Kyle", "Wundes, Annette", "Repovic, Pavle"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457226", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238673, "title": "Mobile field hospitals, an effective way of dealing with COVID-19 in China: sharing our experience.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Chen, Zhi", "He, Shan", "Li, Fan", "Yin, Junxiang", "Chen, Xiaoliang"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238673", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 outbreak, China made great progress in controlling the epidemic, and the number of confirmed and suspected cases continues to decrease thanks to the various efforts employed. Mobile field hospitals have played a huge role in the centralized management of patients and they have effectively reduced transmission. This article describes some of our experiences operating mobile field hospitals in order to provide a reference and to better inform countries that are dealing with this crisis."}, {"pmid": 32312544, "pmcid": "PMC7164868", "title": "Advice Regarding Systemic Therapy in Patients with Urological Cancers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Gillessen, Silke", "Powles, Thomas"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312544", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The risk/benefit ratio of a number of palliative and (neo)adjuvant treatments should be reconsidered during the COVID-19 pandemic. We provide treatment advice as a pragmatic perspective on the risk/benefit ratio in specific clinical scenarios."}, {"pmid": 32450148, "pmcid": "PMC7244410", "title": "Positive FIT or Cologuard in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Mago, Sheena", "Young, Patrick E", "Tadros, Micheal"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234457, "pmcid": "PMC7195039", "title": "COVID-19 in children: More than meets the eye.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hagmann, Stefan H F"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234457", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428810, "pmcid": "PMC7215164", "title": "Do pets protect their owners in the COVID-19 era?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Jurgiel, Jan", "Filipiak, Krzysztof J", "Szarpak, Lukasz", "Jaguszewski, Milosz", "Smereka, Jacek", "Dzieciatkowski, Tomasz"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428810", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32096567, "pmcid": "PMC7228250", "title": "Understanding of COVID-19 based on current evidence.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sun, Pengfei", "Lu, Xiaosheng", "Xu, Chao", "Sun, Wenjuan", "Pan, Bo"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096567", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a series of unexplained pneumonia cases have been reported in Wuhan, China. On 12 January\u00a02020, the World Health Organization (WHO) temporarily named this new virus as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). On 11 February\u00a02020, the WHO officially named the disease caused by the 2019-nCoV as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The COVID-19 epidemic is spreading all over the world, especially in China. Based on the published evidence, we systematically discuss the characteristics of COVID-19 in the hope of providing a reference for future studies and help for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32403911, "title": "Clinical implications and economic effects of the corona virus pandemic on gynaecology, obstetrics and reproductive medicine in Germany-learning from Italy.", "journal": "Minerva Ginecol", "authors": ["Findeklee, Sebastian", "Morinello, Emanuela"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403911", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The infection with the novel SARS Cov-2 corona virus, the cause of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, possessing its origin in the Chinese province Hubei, has reached the extent of a global pandemic within a few months. After aerosol infection, most people experience mild respiratory infection with cold symptoms such as cough and fever, and healing within two weeks. In about 5% of those infected, however, a severe course develops with the occurrence of multiple sub pleural bronchopulmonary infiltrates and even death as a result of respiratory failure. The corona virus pandemic has multiple impacts on social life that have not been seen before. For example, the government adopted measures to curb the exponential spread of the virus, which included a significant reduction in social contacts. Furthermore, the specialist societies recommended that no elective treatments be carried out during the pandemic period. This review article considers epidemiological aspects of novel corona virus infection and presents both the clinical as well the possible economic effects of the pandemic on gynaecology, obstetrics and reproductive medicine in Germany in the past, present and future. In addition, useful preventive measures for daily clinical work and the previously known scientific findings dealing with the impact of corona virus on pregnancy and birth are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32447373, "title": "Construction of 5G all-wireless network and information system for cabin hospitals.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Zhou, Bin", "Wu, Qing", "Zhao, Xuefei", "Zhang, Wenchao", "Wu, Wenjun", "Guo, Zi"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447373", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, China, in early 2020. In an effort to curb the spread of the epidemic, the government has requisitioned a variety of venues and plant buildings and built more than 20 cabin hospitals to receive patients with mild symptoms within 48 hours. Under this circumstance, we worked out a 5G all-wireless solution to divide the overall network system of the cabin hospital into multiple network units by function. While ensuring good signal coverage of the local unit, each network unit was independently connected to the host hospital's data center over a virtual private network (VPN) tunnel built on the 5G wireless network. Our successful experience with the application of this 5G + VPN all-wireless network system well points to the bright prospect of 5G wireless network. In addition, the 5G + VPN solution can also be used for multihospital network interconnection and rapid network recovery during the failure of wired network."}, {"pmid": 32405088, "pmcid": "PMC7219407", "title": "Cardiological society of India position statement on COVID-19 and heart failure.", "journal": "Indian Heart J", "authors": ["Harikrishnan, S", "Mohanan, P P", "Chopra, V K", "Ambuj, Roy", "Sanjay, G", "Manish, Bansal", "Chakraborty, R N", "Chandra, Sharad", "Chattarjee, S S", "Chopra, H K", "Mathew, Cibu", "Deb, P K", "Goyal, A", "Goswami, K C", "Gupta, R", "Guha, S", "Gupta, V", "Hasija, P K", "Wardhan, Harsh", "Jabir, A", "Jayagopal, P B", "Kahali, D", "Katyal, V K", "Kerkar, P G", "Khanna, N N", "Majumder, B", "Mandal, M", "Meena, C B", "Naik, N", "Narain, V K", "Pathak, L A", "Ray, S", "Roy, D", "Sarma, D", "Shanmugasundaram, S", "Singh, B P", "Tyagi, S K", "Venugopal, K", "Wander, G S", "Yadav, R", "Das, M K"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405088", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID 19 global pandemic has engulfed humanity with a huge impact on health systems across the world. Many patients develop myocardial injury which can lead to significant cardiovascular complications including HF. This will require aggressive management strategies which are evolving. Guideline directed drug therapy including ACEI/ARB/ARNI is to be continued in patients with pre-existing HF. Long-term cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 are yet to be ascertained. Protection of health care personnel from contracting the disease should be given high priority."}, {"pmid": 32468166, "title": "Acute kidney injury associated with COVID-19: another extrapulmonary manifestation.", "journal": "Int Urol Nephrol", "authors": ["Barros Camargo, Luis", "Quintero Marzola, Ivan Dario", "Cardenas Gomez, Juan Carlos", "Mendoza Daza, Leidy Tatiana", "Quintana Pajaro, Loraine"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468166", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493744, "title": "Principles for clinical care of patients with COVID-19 on medical units.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Frost, David W", "Shah, Rupal", "Melvin, Lindsay", "Galan de Juana, Miguel", "MacMillan, Thomas E", "Abdelhalim, Tarek", "Lai, Alison", "Rawal, Shail", "Cavalcanti, Rodrigo B"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493744", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268374, "pmcid": "PMC7184413", "title": "Keep taking your ACE inhibitors and ARBs during the COVID 19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Speth, Robert C"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268374", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32170017, "pmcid": "PMC7132249", "title": "Impact of international travel and border control measures on the global spread of the novel 2019 coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Wells, Chad R", "Sah, Pratha", "Moghadas, Seyed M", "Pandey, Abhishek", "Shoukat, Affan", "Wang, Yaning", "Wang, Zheng", "Meyers, Lauren A", "Singer, Burton H", "Galvani, Alison P"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32170017", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) in mainland China has rapidly spread across the globe. Within 2 mo since the outbreak was first reported on December 31, 2019, a total of 566 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS CoV-2) cases have been confirmed in 26 other countries. Travel restrictions and border control measures have been enforced in China and other countries to limit the spread of the outbreak. We estimate the impact of these control measures and investigate the role of the airport travel network on the global spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. Our results show that the daily risk of exporting at least a single SARS CoV-2 case from mainland China via international travel exceeded 95% on January 13, 2020. We found that 779 cases (95% CI: 632 to 967) would have been exported by February 15, 2020 without any border or travel restrictions and that the travel lockdowns enforced by the Chinese government averted 70.5% (95% CI: 68.8 to 72.0%) of these cases. In addition, during the first three and a half weeks of implementation, the travel restrictions decreased the daily rate of exportation by 81.3% (95% CI: 80.5 to 82.1%), on average. At this early stage of the epidemic, reduction in the rate of exportation could delay the importation of cases into cities unaffected by the COVID-19 outbreak, buying time to coordinate an appropriate public health response."}, {"pmid": 32503802, "title": "Risky Business: lessons from covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Looi, Mun-Keat", "Coombes, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503802", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395708, "pmcid": "PMC7211576", "title": "COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities in the care sector.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Cecula, Paulina", "Behan, Sir David", "Maruthappu, Dr Mahiben"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395708", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525830, "title": "A vaccine is not too far for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Patel, Shailesh Kumar", "Pathak, Mamta", "Tiwari, Ruchi", "Yatoo, Mohd Iqbal", "Malik, Yashpal Singh", "Sah, Ranjit", "Rabaan, Ali A", "Sharun, Khan", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525830", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500944, "title": "First detection and genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in an infected cat in France.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Sailleau, C", "Dumarest, M", "Vanhomwegen, J", "Delaplace, M", "Caro, V", "Kwasiborski, A", "Hourdel, V", "Chevaillier, P", "Barbarino, A", "Comtet, L", "Pourquier, P", "Klonjkowski, B", "Manuguerra, J C", "Zientara, S", "Le Poder, S"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500944", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After its first description in Wuhan (China), SARS-CoV-2 the agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spread worldwide. Previous studies suggested that pets could be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we investigated the putative infection by SARS-CoV-2 in 22 cats and 11 dogs from owners previously infected or suspected of being infected by SARS-CoV-2. For each animal, rectal, nasopharyngeal swabs and serum were taken. Swabs were submitted to RT-qPCR assays targeting 2 genes of SARS-CoV-2. All dogs were tested SARS-CoV-2 negative. One cat was tested positive by RT-qPCR on rectal swab. Nasopharyngeal swabs from this animal were tested negative. This cat showed mild respiratory and digestive signs. Serological analysis confirms the presence of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 in the both serum samples taken 10 days apart. Genome sequence analysis revealed that the cat SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the phylogenetic clade A2a like most of the French human SARS-CoV-2. This study reports for the first time the natural infection of a cat in France (near Paris) probably through their owners. There is currently no evidence that cats can spread COVID-19 and owners should not abandon their pets or compromise their welfare."}, {"pmid": 32353356, "pmcid": "PMC7184987", "title": "Comentary: Obesity: The \"Achilles heel\" for COVID-19?", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Muscogiuri, Giovanna", "Pugliese, Gabriella", "Barrea, Luigi", "Savastano, Silvia", "Colao, Annamaria"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353356", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292817, "pmcid": "PMC7128742", "title": "Coalition: Advocacy for prospective clinical trials to test the post-exposure potential of hydroxychloroquine against COVID-19.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Picot, Stephane", "Marty, Aileen", "Bienvenu, Anne-Lise", "Blumberg, Lucille H", "Dupouy-Camet, Jean", "Carnevale, Pierre", "Kano, Shigeyuki", "Jones, Malcolm K", "Daniel-Ribeiro, Claudio Tadeu", "Mas-Coma, Santiago"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292817", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our coalition of public health experts, doctors, and scientists worldwide want to draw attention to the need for high-quality evaluation protocols of the potential beneficial effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as a post-exposure drug for exposed people, meaning people with close contact with positive tested patients, including home and medical caregivers. We have reviewed the mechanisms of antiviral effect of HCQ, the risk-benefit ratio taking into consideration the PK/PD of HCQ and the thresholds of efficacy. We have studied its use as an antimalarial, an antiviral, and an immunomodulating drug and concluded that the use of HCQ at does matching that of the standard treatment of Systemic Lupus erythematous, which has proven safety and efficacy in terms of HCQ blood and tissue concentration adapted to bodyweight (2,3), at 6\u202fmg/kg/day 1 (loading dose) followed by 5\u202fmg/kg/day, with a maximum limit of 600\u202fmg/day in all cases should swiftly be clinically evaluated as a post-exposure drug for exposed people."}, {"pmid": 32501747, "title": "Usefulness of a Telemedicine Tool TELEA in the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Rabunal, Ramon", "Suarez-Gil, Roi", "Golpe, Rafael", "Martinez-Garcia, Monica", "Gomez-Mendez, Raquel", "Romay-Lema, Eva", "Perez-Lopez, Antia", "Rodriguez-Alvarez, Ana", "Bal-Alvaredo, Mercedes"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501747", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                    The usefulness of telemedicine in the management of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not been evaluated.\n                        Methods:\n                    We conducted a descriptive study of the process of recruitment and follow-up of patients using a telemedicine tool (TELEA) in the management of patients at risk, in a rural environment with a dispersed population in Lugo in north western Spain.\n                        Results:\n                    A large number of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection (N\u2009=\u2009545) were evaluated. Of this group, 275 had comorbidities and were enrolled in the program, with a mean age of 57.6\u2009\u00b1\u200916.3 years, 43.1% male. The risk factors were hypertension (38%), diabetes (16%), asthma (9.5%), heart disease (8.8%), and immunosuppression (5.1%). Patients were followed through the platform with daily control of symptoms and vital signs. Only 8% were admitted to the hospital, 5.1% on a scheduled basis and 2.9% through the emergency room.\n                        Conclusion:\n                    The telemedicine tool TELEA is useful for the management of high-risk patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32271947, "title": "Delivery in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2: A fast review.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Parazzini, Fabio", "Bortolus, Renata", "Mauri, Paola Agnese", "Favilli, Alessandro", "Gerli, Sandro", "Ferrazzi, Enrico"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271947", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few case reports and clinical series exist on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 who delivered. To review the available information on mode of delivery, vertical/peripartum transmission, and neonatal outcome in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. Combination of the following key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and pregnancy in Embase and PubMed databases. Papers reporting cases of women infected with SARS-CoV-2 who delivered. The following was extracted: author; country; number of women; study design; gestational age at delivery; selected clinical maternal data; mode of delivery; selected neonatal outcomes. In the 13 studies included, vaginal delivery was reported in 6 cases (9.4%; 95% CI, 3.5-19.3). Indication for cesarean delivery was worsening of maternal conditions in 31 cases (48.4%; 95% CI, 35.8-61.3). Two newborns testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-PCR assay were reported. In three neonates, SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM levels were elevated but the RT-PCR test was negative. The rate of vertical or peripartum transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is low, if any, for cesarean delivery; no data are available for vaginal delivery. Low frequency of spontaneous preterm birth and general favorable immediate neonatal outcome are reassuring."}, {"pmid": 32451602, "pmcid": "PMC7247776", "title": "Lung perfusion [(99m)Tc]-MAA SPECT/CT to rule out pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients with contraindications for iodine contrast.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Burger, Irene A", "Niemann, Tilo", "Patriki, Dimitri", "Fontana, Francois", "Beer, Jurg-Hans"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451602", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413344, "pmcid": "PMC7217110", "title": "Ventilators-by-Lottery: The Least Unjust Form of Allocation in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Silva, Diego S"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413344", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405835, "pmcid": "PMC7220600", "title": "[COVID-19 in the nursing home: a case report].", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Grabenhorst, Ulrich", "Stiels-Prechtel, Ricarda", "Niemann, Markus", "Weckbecker, Klaus"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405835", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311497, "pmcid": "PMC7165095", "title": "The immunological case for staying active during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Simpson, Richard J", "Katsanis, Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311497", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302996, "pmcid": "PMC7164326", "title": "Editorial. Endonasal neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: the Singapore perspective.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Lo, Yu Tung", "Yang Teo, Neville Wei", "Ang, Beng Ti"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302996", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420458, "pmcid": "PMC7223346", "title": "The covid-19 outbreak: a Chinese school student's life in isolation for 73 days.", "journal": "BMJ Paediatr Open", "authors": ["Duan, Surong"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420458", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423911, "pmcid": "PMC7239515", "title": "Tension pneumothorax in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "BMJ Case Rep", "authors": ["Flower, Luke", "Carter, John-Paul L", "Rosales Lopez, Juan", "Henry, Alun Marc"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423911", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 36-year-old man was brought to the emergency department with suspected COVID-19, following a 3-week history of cough, fevers and shortness of breath, worsening suddenly in the preceding 4\u2009hours. On presentation he was hypoxaemic, with an SpO2 of 88% on 15\u2009L/min oxygen, tachycardic and had no audible breath sounds on auscultation of the left hemithorax. Local guidelines recommended that the patient should be initiated on continuous positive airway pressure while investigations were awaited, however given the examination findings an emergency portable chest radiograph was performed. The chest radiograph demonstrated a left-sided tension pneumothorax. This was treated with emergency needle decompression, with good effect, followed by chest drain insertion. A repeat chest radiograph demonstrated lung re-expansion, and the patient was admitted to a COVID-19 specific ward for further observation. This case demonstrates tension pneumothorax as a possible complication of suspected COVID-19 and emphasises the importance of thorough history-taking and clinical examination."}, {"pmid": 32417996, "pmcid": "PMC7229701", "title": "BCG versus COVID-19: impact on urology.", "journal": "World J Urol", "authors": ["Desouky, Elsayed"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417996", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To search for evidence base for using BCG in the fight against COVID-19 and the possible impact of these clinical trials on urology practice. A literature review about the basis of the ongoing clinical trials using BCG against COVID-19, as well as the use of BCG in urology and if there are any implications of these trials on our practice. Based on data from some epidemiological studies, there are some current clinical trials on the use BCG as a possible prophylactic vaccine against SARS CoV-2 which can affect urology practice. Urologists are already struggling with the global shortage of BCG which can be even more aggravated by such trials. In addition, if the ongoing trials proved the efficacy of BCG as a prophylaxis against COVID-19, this may open the door to more urological research opportunities to question the possibility that intra-vesical BCG, given its systemic immunologic effect, may have been protective to this subgroup of urological patients. The ongoing clinical trials using BCG against COVID-19 can affect our urology practice. We need to stay vigilant to such impacts: BCG shortage and possible new chances for urology research work."}, {"pmid": 32206694, "pmcid": "PMC7085496", "title": "Structural, glycosylation and antigenic variation between 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV).", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Kumar, Swatantra", "Maurya, Vimal K", "Prasad, Anil K", "Bhatt, Madan L B", "Saxena, Shailendra K"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32206694", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is of global concern and might have emerged from RNA recombination among existing coronaviruses. CoV spike (S) protein which is crucial for receptor binding, membrane fusion via conformational changes, internalization of the virus, host tissue tropism and comprises crucial targets for vaccine development, remain largely uncharacterized. Therefore, the present study has been planned to determine the sequence variation, structural and antigenic divergence of S glycoprotein which may be helpful for the management of 2019-nCoV infection. The sequences of spike glycoprotein of 2019-nCoV and SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) were used for the comparison. The sequence variations were determined using EMBOSS Needle pairwise sequence alignment tools. The variation in glycosylation sites was predicted by NetNGlyc 1.0 and validated by N-GlyDE server. Antigenicity was predicted by NetCTL 1.2 and validated by IEDB Analysis Resource server. The structural divergence was determined by using SuperPose Version 1.0 based on cryo-EM structure of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein. Our data suggests that 2019-nCoV is newly spilled coronavirus into humans in China is closely related to SARS-CoV, which has only 12.8% of difference with SARS-CoV in S protein and has 83.9% similarity in minimal receptor-binding domain with SARS-CoV. Addition of a novel glycosylation sites were observed in 2019-nCoV. In addition, antigenic analysis proposes that great antigenic differences exist between both the viral strains, but some of the epitopes were found to be similar between both the S proteins. In spite of the variation in S protein amino acid composition, we found no significant difference in their structures. Collectively, for the first time our results exhibit the emergence of human 2019-nCoV is closely related to predecessor SARS-CoV and provide the evidence that 2019-nCoV uses various novel glycosylation sites as SARS-CoV and may have a potential to become pandemic owing its antigenic discrepancy. Further, demonstration of novel Cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes may impart opportunities for the development of peptide based vaccine for the prevention of 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32233980, "pmcid": "PMC7258750", "title": "Protected Code Stroke: Hyperacute Stroke Management During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Khosravani, Houman", "Rajendram, Phavalan", "Notario, Lowyl", "Chapman, Martin G", "Menon, Bijoy K"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233980", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and Purpose- Hyperacute assessment and management of patients with stroke, termed code stroke, is a time-sensitive and high-stakes clinical scenario. In the context of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the ability to deliver timely and efficacious care must be balanced with the risk of infectious exposure to the clinical team. Furthermore, rapid and effective stroke care remains paramount to achieve maximal functional recovery for those needing admission and to triage care appropriately for those who may be presenting with neurological symptoms but have an alternative diagnosis. Methods- Available resources, COVID-19-specific infection prevention and control recommendations, and expert consensus were used to identify clinical screening criteria for patients and provide the required nuanced considerations for the healthcare team, thereby modifying the conventional code stroke processes to achieve a protected designation. Results- A protected code stroke algorithm was developed. Features specific to prenotification and clinical status of the patient were used to define precode screening. These include primary infectious symptoms, clinical, and examination features. A focused framework was then developed with regard to a protected code stroke. We outline the specifics of personal protective equipment use and considerations thereof including aspects of crisis resource management impacting team role designation and human performance factors during a protected code stroke. Conclusions- We introduce the concept of a protected code stroke during a pandemic, as in the case of COVID-19, and provide a framework for key considerations including screening, personal protective equipment, and crisis resource management. These considerations and suggested algorithms can be utilized and adapted for local practice."}, {"pmid": 32434888, "title": "Replication of SARS-CoV-2 in human respiratory epithelium.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Milewska, Aleksandra", "Kula-Pacurar, Anna", "Wadas, Jakub", "Suder, Agnieszka", "Szczepanski, Artur", "Dabrowska, Agnieszka", "Owczarek, Katarzyna", "Marcello, Alessandro", "Ochman, Marek", "Stacel, Tomasz", "Rajfur, Zenon", "Sanak, Marek", "Labaj, Pawel", "Branicki, Wojciech", "Pyrc, Krzysztof"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434888", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, there are four seasonal coronaviruses associated with relatively mild respiratory tract disease in humans. However, there are also a plethora of animal coronaviruses, which have the potential to cross the species border. This regularly results in the emergence of new viruses in humans. In 2002 SARS-CoV emerged, to rapidly disappear in May 2003. In 2012 MERS-CoV was identified as a possible threat to humans, but its pandemic potential so far is minimal, as the human-to-human transmission is ineffective. The end of 2019 brought us information about the SARS-CoV-2 emergence, and the virus rapidly spread in 2020 causing an unprecedented pandemic.At present, the studies on the virus are carried out using a surrogate system based on the immortalized simian Vero E6 cell line. This model is convenient for diagnostics, but it has serious limitations and does not allow for the understanding of virus biology and evolution.Here we show that fully differentiated human airway epithelium cultures constitute an excellent model to study the infection with the novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. We observed an efficient replication of the virus in the tissue, with the maximal replication at 2 days post-infection. The virus replicated in ciliated cells and was released apically.IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 emerged by the end of 2019 to rapidly spread in 2020. At present, it is of utmost importance to understand the virus biology and to rapidly assess the potential of existing drugs and develop new active compounds. While some animal models for such studies are under development, most of the research is carried out in the Vero E6 cells. Here, we propose fully differentiated human airway epithelium cultures as a model for studies on the SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32395913, "pmcid": "PMC7272966", "title": "Reply to: Self-reported olfactory loss in COVID-19: is it really a favorable prognostic factor?", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Yan, Carol H", "Faraji, Farhoud", "DeConde, Adam S"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395913", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393591, "title": "COVID-19 and lung transplant patients.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Tsuang, Wayne M", "Budev, Marie M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393591", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a novel respiratory disease leading to high rates of acute respiratory failure requiring hospital admission. It is unclear if specific patient populations such as lung transplant patients are at higher risk for COVID-19. Some reports suggest that transplant patients may not be at higher risk if proper social distancing and preventive measures are employed. Efforts to ensure the safety of wait-listed patients, transplant recipients, and healthcare workers are underway. Recommendations for the care of lung transplant patients during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed and will likely change as the pandemic evolves."}, {"pmid": 32306822, "pmcid": "PMC7212534", "title": "Peptide-like and small-molecule inhibitors against Covid-19.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Pant, Suyash", "Singh, Meenakshi", "Ravichandiran, V", "Murty, U S N", "Srivastava, Hemant Kumar"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306822", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease strain (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered in 2019, and it is spreading very fast around the world causing the disease Covid-19. Currently, more than 1.6 million individuals are infected, and several thousand are dead across the globe because of Covid-19. Here, we utilized the in-silico approaches to identify possible protease inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Potential compounds were screened from the CHEMBL database, ZINC database, FDA approved drugs and molecules under clinical trials. Our study is based on 6Y2F and 6W63 co-crystallized structures available in the protein data bank (PDB). Seven hundred compounds from ZINC/CHEMBL databases and fourteen hundred compounds from drug-bank were selected based on positive interactions with the reported binding site. All the selected compounds were subjected to standard-precision (SP) and extra-precision (XP) mode of docking. Generated docked poses were carefully visualized for known interactions within the binding site. Molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA) calculations were performed to screen the best compounds based on docking scores and binding energy values. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out on four selected compounds from the CHEMBL database to validate the stability and interactions. MD simulations were also performed on the PDB structure 6YF2F to understand the differences between screened molecules and co-crystallized ligand. We screened 300 potential compounds from various databases, and 66 potential compounds from FDA approved drugs. Cobicistat, ritonavir, lopinavir, and darunavir are in the top screened molecules from FDA approved drugs. The screened drugs and molecules may be helpful in fighting with SARS-CoV-2 after further studies."}, {"pmid": 32385568, "pmcid": "PMC7205906", "title": "Surgery in times of COVID-19-recommendations for hospital and patient management.", "journal": "Langenbecks Arch Surg", "authors": ["Flemming, S", "Hankir, M", "Ernestus, R-I", "Seyfried, F", "Germer, C-T", "Meybohm, P", "Wurmb, T", "Vogel, U", "Wiegering, A"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385568", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has escalated rapidly to a global pandemic stretching healthcare systems worldwide to their limits. Surgeons have had to immediately react to this unprecedented clinical challenge by systematically repurposing surgical wards. To provide a detailed set of guidelines developed in a surgical ward at University Hospital Wuerzburg to safely accommodate the exponentially rising cases of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients without compromising the care of emergency surgery and oncological patients or jeopardizing the well-being of hospital staff. The dynamic prioritization of SARS-CoV-2 infected and surgical patient groups is key to preserving life while maintaining high surgical standards. Strictly segregating patient groups in emergency rooms, non-intensive care wards and operating areas prevents viral spread while adequately training and carefully selecting hospital staff allow them to confidently and successfully undertake their respective clinical duties."}, {"pmid": 32385679, "pmcid": "PMC7207988", "title": "\"Keep It Going if You Can\": HIV Service Provision for Priority Populations During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Seattle, WA.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Beima-Sofie, Kristin", "Ortblad, Katrina F", "Swanson, Fred", "Graham, Susan M", "Stekler, Joanne D", "Simoni, Jane M"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385679", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449044, "pmcid": "PMC7246223", "title": "Loud and silent epidemics in the third millennium: tuning-up the volume.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Romano, Carlo Luca", "Drago, Lorenzo", "Del Sel, Hernan", "Johari, Ashok", "Lob, Guenter", "Mavrogenis, Andreas F", "Benzakour, Thami"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449044", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The media play a key role in promoting public health and influencing debate regarding health issues; however, some topics seem to generate a stronger response in the public, and this may be related to how the media construct and deliver their messages. Mass media coverage of COVID-19 epidemic has been exceptional with more than 180,000 articles published each day in 70 languages from March 8 to April 8, 2020. One may well wonder if this massive media attention ever happened in the past and if it has been finally proven to be beneficial or even just appropriate. Surgical site and implant-related infections represent a substantial part of health care-associated infections; with an estimated overall incidence of 6% post-surgical infection, approximately 18 million new surgical site infections are expected each year globally, with 5 to 10% mortality rate and an astounding economic and social cost. In the current mediatic era, orthopaedic surgeons need to refocus some of their time and energies from surgery to communication and constructive research. Only raising mediatic awareness on surgical site and implant-related infections may tune up the volume of silent epidemics to a level that can become audible by governing institutions."}, {"pmid": 32329659, "title": "Role of Telehealth in the Management of COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Previous SARS, MERS, and Ebola Outbreaks.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Keshvardoost, Sareh", "Bahaadinbeigy, Kambiz", "Fatehi, Farhad"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329659", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Concerns about the prevention and management of COVID-19 are on the rise, as it is crucial in contagious epidemics that travel and transfer of the patients be minimal for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-ups. Telemedicine or telehealth can play an important role, especially with previous successful experiences in the management of acute infectious respiratory epidemics such as SARS and MERS. In order to better control the rapid spread of coronavirus and manage the COVID-19 crisis, both developed and developing countries can improve the efficiency of their health system by replacing a proportion of face-to-face clinical encounters with telehealth. Recent technological advancement facilitates this reform, but there is a need for national or state-wide rules and regulations to be adapted accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32373323, "pmcid": "PMC7183244", "title": "Saving the frontline health workforce amidst the COVID-19 crisis: Challenges and recommendations.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Nagesh, Shubha", "Chakraborty, Stuti"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373323", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32191173, "pmcid": "PMC7258488", "title": "Serial Interval of COVID-19 among Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Du, Zhanwei", "Xu, Xiaoke", "Wu, Ye", "Wang, Lin", "Cowling, Benjamin J", "Meyers, Lauren Ancel"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191173", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We estimate the distribution of serial intervals for 468 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease reported in China as of February 8, 2020. The mean interval was 3.96 days (95% CI 3.53-4.39 days), SD 4.75 days (95% CI 4.46-5.07 days); 12.6% of case reports indicated presymptomatic transmission."}, {"pmid": 32344999, "title": "Preparedness and response to community spread of COVID-19 governmental and national recommendations for COVID-19 by the Pan-Academic Action Committee.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344999", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346223, "pmcid": "PMC7186767", "title": "Artificial intelligence vs COVID-19: limitations, constraints and pitfalls.", "journal": "AI Soc", "authors": ["Naude, Wim"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346223", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper provides an early evaluation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) against COVID-19. The main areas where AI can contribute to the fight against COVID-19 are discussed. It is concluded that AI has not yet been impactful against COVID-19. Its use is hampered by a lack of data, and by too much data. Overcoming these constraints will require a careful balance between data privacy and public health, and rigorous human-AI interaction. It is unlikely that these will be addressed in time to be of much help during the present pandemic. In the meantime, extensive gathering of diagnostic data on who is infectious will be essential to save lives, train AI, and limit economic damages."}, {"pmid": 32291630, "pmcid": "PMC7155949", "title": "Common breaches in biosafety during donning and doffing of protective personal equipment used in the care of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Munoz-Leyva, Felipe", "Niazi, Ahtsham U"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291630", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467125, "title": "Morphology of COVID-19-affected cells in peripheral blood film.", "journal": "BMJ Case Rep", "authors": ["Singh, Aminder", "Sood, Neena", "Narang, Vikram", "Goyal, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467125", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325098, "pmcid": "PMC7169930", "title": "Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Moccia, Lorenzo", "Janiri, Delfina", "Pepe, Maria", "Dattoli, Luigi", "Molinaro, Marzia", "De Martin, Valentina", "Chieffo, Daniela", "Janiri, Luigi", "Fiorillo, Andrea", "Sani, Gabriele", "Di Nicola, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325098", "countries": ["Italy", "France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 is severely affecting mental health worldwide, although individual response may vary. This study aims to investigate the psychological distress perceived by the Italian general population during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyze affective temperament and adult attachment styles as potential mediators. Through an online survey, we collected sociodemographic and lockdown-related information and evaluated distress, temperament, and attachment using the Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire short version (TEMPS-A) and the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). In our sample (n\u00a0=\u00a0500), 62% of the individuals reported no likelihood of psychological distress, whereas 19.4% and 18.6% displayed mild and moderate-to-severe likelihood. Cyclothymic (OR: 1.24; p\u00a0<\u00a00.001), depressive (OR: 1.52; p\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and anxious (OR: 1.58; p\u00a0=\u00a00.002) temperaments, and the ASQ \"Need for approval\" (OR: 1.08; p\u00a0=\u00a00.01) were risk factors for moderate-to-severe psychological distress compared to no distress, while the ASQ \"Confidence\" (OR: 0.89; p\u00a0=\u00a00.002) and \"Discomfort with closeness\" were protective (OR: 0.92; p\u00a0=\u00a00.001). Cyclothymic (OR: 1.17; p\u00a0=\u00a00.008) and depressive (OR: 1.32; p\u00a0=\u00a00.003) temperaments resulted as risk factors in subjects with moderate-to-severe psychological distress compared to mild distress, while the ASQ \"Confidence\" (OR: 0.92; p\u00a0=\u00a00.039) and \"Discomfort with closeness\" (OR: 0.94; p\u00a0=\u00a00.023) were protective. Our data indicated that a relevant rate of individuals may have experienced psychological distress following the COVID-19 outbreak. Specific affective temperament and attachment features predict the extent of mental health burden. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first data available on the psychological impact of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on a sizeable sample of the Italian population. Moreover, our study is the first to investigate temperament and attachment characteristics in the psychological response to the ongoing pandemic. Our results provide further insight into developing targeted intervention strategies."}, {"pmid": 32298883, "pmcid": "PMC7270847", "title": "Correlation between weather and Covid-19 pandemic in Jakarta, Indonesia.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Tosepu, Ramadhan", "Gunawan, Joko", "Effendy, Devi Savitri", "Ahmad, La Ode Ali Imran", "Lestari, Hariati", "Bahar, Hartati", "Asfian, Pitrah"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298883", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to analyze the correlation between weather and covid-19 pandemic in Jakarta Indonesia. This study employed a secondary data analysis of surveillance data of covid-19 from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia and weather from the Meteorological Department of the Republic of Indonesia. The components of weather include minimum temperature (\u00b0C), maximum temperature (\u00b0C), temperature average (\u00b0C), humidity (%), and amount of rainfall (mm). Spearman-rank correlation test was used for data analysis. Among the components of the weather, only temperature average (\u00b0C) was significantly correlated with covid-19 pandemic (r\u00a0=\u00a00.392; p\u00a0<\u00a0.01). The finding serves as an input to reduce the incidence rate of covid-19 in Indonesia."}, {"pmid": 32292205, "pmcid": "PMC7151366", "title": "[Distributions of time, place, and population of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from January 20 to February 10, 2020, in China].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Jin, Lairun", "Zhao, Ying", "Zhou, Jun", "Tao, Mengjun", "Yang, Yang", "Wang, Xingyu", "Ye, Pinkai", "Shan, Shajia", "Yuan, Hui"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292205", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, increasing cases of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are being detected worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to provide a scientific reference for the global prevention and control of COVID-19. General demographic characteristics, epidemiological history, and clinical symptoms of COVID-19\u00a0were collected that had been reported on the websites of multiple Municipal Health Commissions\u00a0in China. We herein describe distributions in time, place, and population of COVID-19. As of midnight on February 10, 2020, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19\u00a0in China was 42,638, and the province with the largest number of confirmed cases was Hubei (31728), followed by Guangdong (1177), Zhejiang (1117), and Henan (1105) province. The number of cases and the speed of confirmed cases in provinces other than Hubei were more moderate than those of the Hubei province. The median (interquartile range) age of patients with COVID-19\u00a0was 44 (33, 54) years, with a range of 10 months to 89 years. The COVID-19 epidemic should be considered a global threat and the steps for control include early diagnosis and treatment, as well as isolation."}, {"pmid": 32340051, "title": "[The SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and an Attempted Suicide of a Patient with Delusional Disorder].", "journal": "Psychiatr Prax", "authors": ["Weise, Judith", "Schomerus, Georg", "Speerforck, Sven"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340051", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic triggered increasing symptoms of an undiagnosed delusional disorder at a mid-60-year-old woman resulting in an attempted suicide. Because of a pandemic with noticeable and visible social changes, it seems likely that people with previously subclinical psychotic illnesses are more often admitted to psychiatric care for the first time. Building a therapeutic relationship and integrating her into an outpatient clinic was possible despite her lack of insight into the illness and her rejection of medical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32489804, "pmcid": "PMC7218761", "title": "World Heart Federation Briefing on Prevention: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Low-Income Countries.", "journal": "Glob Heart", "authors": ["Thienemann, Friedrich", "Pinto, Fausto", "Grobbee, Diederick E", "Boehm, Michael", "Bazargani, Nooshin", "Ge, Junbo", "Sliwa, Karen"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489804", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the novel coronavirus Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak started in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province in China. Since then it has spread to many other regions, including low-income countries."}, {"pmid": 32390658, "pmcid": "PMC7205696", "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on marginalized populations in the United States: A research agenda.", "journal": "J Vocat Behav", "authors": ["Kantamneni, Neeta"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390658", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "International and national crises often highlight inequalities in the labor market that disproportionately affect individuals from marginalized backgrounds. The COVID-19 pandemic, and the resulting changes in society due to social distancing measures, has showcased inequities in access to decent work and experiences of discrimination resulting in many of the vulnerable populations in the United States experiencing a much harsher impact on economic and work-related factors. The purpose of this essay is to describe how the COVID-19 pandemic may differentially affect workers of color, individuals from low-income backgrounds, and women in complex ways. First, this essay will discuss disproportionate representation of workers from low-income and racial/ethnic minority backgrounds in sectors most affected by COVID-19. Second, it will discuss the lack of decent work for low-income workers who perform \"essential\" tasks. Third, this essay will highlight economic and work-related implications of increased discrimination Asian Americans are experiencing in society. Finally, role conflict and stress for women who are managing additional unpaid work, including caretaking responsibilities, while needing to continue to engage in paid work will be examined. A research agenda will be set forth throughout the essay, calling for vocational psychologists to engage in research that fully examines how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting vulnerable communities."}, {"pmid": 32336017, "pmcid": "PMC7267402", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on pituitary surgery.", "journal": "ANZ J Surg", "authors": ["Mitchell, Ruth A", "King, James A J", "Goldschlager, Tony", "Wang, Yi Yuen"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336017", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292848, "pmcid": "PMC7151394", "title": "COVID-19 for the Cardiologist: A Current Review of the Virology, Clinical Epidemiology, Cardiac and Other Clinical Manifestations and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.", "journal": "JACC Basic Transl Sci", "authors": ["Atri, Deepak", "Siddiqi, Hasan K", "Lang, Joshua", "Nauffal, Victor", "Morrow, David A", "Bohula, Erin A"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292848", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), has reached pandemic status. As it spreads across the world, it has overwhelmed healthcare systems, strangled the global economy and led to a devastating loss of life. Widespread efforts from regulators, clinicians and scientists are driving a rapid expansion of knowledge of the SARS-CoV2 virus and the COVID-19 disease. We review the most current data with a focus on our basic understanding of the mechanism(s) of disease and translation to the clinical syndrome and potential therapeutics. We discuss the basic virology, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, multi-organ consequences, and outcomes. With a focus on cardiovascular complications, we propose several mechanisms of injury. The virology and potential mechanism of injury form the basis for a discussion of potential disease-modifying therapies."}, {"pmid": 32236301, "title": "Coronavirus 2020.", "journal": "Rev Bras Enferm", "authors": ["Belasco, Angelica Goncalves Silva", "Fonseca, Cassiane Dezoti da"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236301", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408393, "pmcid": "PMC7272883", "title": "COVID-19 Abortion Bans and Their Implications for Public Health.", "journal": "Perspect Sex Reprod Health", "authors": ["Jones, Rachel K", "Lindberg, Laura", "Witwer, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408393", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419599, "title": "Are there positive lessons for Italy's NHS resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Baldino, Gennaro", "Argo, Antonella", "Stassi, Chiara", "Zerbo, Stefania", "Ventura Spagnolo, Elvira"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419599", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The authors evaluate the importance of prevention measures and health care from their own experience and briefly analyse the factors that may have contributed to the rapid spread of Covid-19 in Italy, and hope this will feed into appropriate and new and improved health policies."}, {"pmid": 32403155, "pmcid": "PMC7272818", "title": "Vox Sanguinis International Forum on Hospital Transfusion Services' Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Lozano, Miquel", "Yazer, Mark", "Jackson, Bryon", "Pagano, Monica", "Rahimi-Levene, Naomi", "Peer, Victoria", "Bueno, Jose", "Jackson, Ryan", "Shan, Hua", "Amorim, Luiz", "Lopez, Maria Esther", "Boquimpani, Carla", "Sprogoe, Ulrik", "Bruun, Mie", "Titlestad, Kjell", "Rushford, Kylie", "Wood, Erica", "McQuilten, Zoe", "de Angelis, Vincenzo", "Delle Donne, Michela", "Murphy, Mike", "Staves, Julie", "Cho, Duck", "Nakamura, Fumihiko", "Hangaishi, Akira", "Callum, Jeannie", "Lin, Yulia", "Moghaddam, Mostafa", "Gharehbaghian, Ahmad"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403155", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Question 1 Demographics: a. Beer Yaakov, Israel. b. Large academic medical center. c. 956 beds. d. 9034 RBC units issued in 2019, approximately 9000. e. 4831 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and 17 deaths (March 31, 2020, 12:40 pm, data from the Israeli Ministry of Health). f. 9,136,000 inhabitants. g. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Israel is still increasing, but as of yesterday the rate of increase is declining sharply (from almost 30% of samples tested per day at the peak to 12% yesterday)."}, {"pmid": 32293003, "pmcid": "PMC7184480", "title": "Hypertension, the renin-angiotensin system, and the risk of lower respiratory tract infections and lung injury: implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Res", "authors": ["Kreutz, Reinhold", "Algharably, Engi Abd El-Hady", "Azizi, Michel", "Dobrowolski, Piotr", "Guzik, Tomasz", "Januszewicz, Andrzej", "Persu, Alexandre", "Prejbisz, Aleksander", "Riemer, Thomas Gunther", "Wang, Ji-Guang", "Burnier, Michel"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293003", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Systemic arterial hypertension (referred to as hypertension herein) is a major risk factor of mortality worldwide, and its importance is further emphasized in the context of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection referred to as COVID-19. Patients with severe COVID-19 infections commonly are older and have a history of hypertension. Almost 75% of patients who have died in the pandemic in Italy had hypertension. This raised multiple questions regarding a more severe course of COVID-19 in relation to hypertension itself as well as its treatment with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers, e.g. angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). We provide a critical review on the relationship of hypertension, RAS, and risk of lung injury. We demonstrate lack of sound evidence that hypertension per se is an independent risk factor for COVID-19. Interestingly, ACEIs and ARBs may be associated with lower incidence and/or improved outcome in patients with lower respiratory tract infections. We also review in detail the molecular mechanisms linking the RAS to lung damage and the potential clinical impact of treatment with RAS blockers in patients with COVID-19 and a high cardiovascular and renal risk. This is related to the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells, and expression of ACE2 in the lung, cardiovascular system, kidney, and other tissues. In summary, a critical review of available evidence does not support a deleterious effect of RAS blockers in COVID-19 infections. Therefore, there is currently no reason to discontinue RAS blockers in stable patients facing the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32315756, "pmcid": "PMC7165291", "title": "Challenges of managing the asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rahimi, Farid", "Talebi Bezmin Abadi, Amin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315756", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After an outbreak in Wuhan, China, a growing number of countries are now suffering from an epidemic by SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. Undoubtedly, reports of the skyrocketing global spread of COVID-19 has shocked people globally, from Japan to the United States. Presently, the World Health Organization indicates that the fatality rate due to COVID-19 is about 2%, inferring that many positive subjects may potentially overcome the illness with mild influenza-like symptoms and no need for hospitalization at intensive-care units. Because COVID-19 is completely new to the human immune system, many throughout the world are likely vulnerable to becoming sick after their initial exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Besides hospitalized cases, many individuals are likely asymptomatic but potentially carry the virus. While our knowledge about carriers and their virus shedding is deficient, some studies modelling the viral transmission have considered the potential contribution of the asymptomatic carriers. Protocols for managing asymptomatic cases, for example for controlling them to restrict their contact with healthy people at public places or private residences, have not been established. In-house quarantine may as well be applicable to asymptomatic cases if they could be identified and diagnosed. Presumably now, the asymptomatic subjects potentially contribute to the transmission of COVID-19 without their knowledge, intention, or being diagnosed as carriers. Thus, managing the asymptomatic subjects, who can carry and likely transmit the virus, is a major healthcare challenge while the pandemic is looming."}, {"pmid": 32372542, "title": "Re: From the frontlines of COVID-19-How prepared are we as obstetricians: A commentary.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Mishra, Ajay Kumar", "Lal, Amos"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372542", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518454, "pmcid": "PMC7269716", "title": "Race for a vaccine.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Arnold, Carrie"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518454", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the coronavirus pandemic getting worse, we are turning to new techniques to deliver a vaccine in record time. Can it be done, asks Carrie Arnold."}, {"pmid": 32283513, "pmcid": "PMC7139240", "title": "Psychiatrist in post-COVID-19 era - Are we prepared?", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Das, Nileswar"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283513", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233967, "title": "Perspectives on Pediatric Appendicitis and Appendectomy During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A", "authors": ["Polites, Stephanie F", "Azarow, Kenneth S"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233967", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513791, "title": "Rheumatologists and Pulmonologists at Temple University weather the COVID-19 storm together.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Caricchio, Roberto", "Criner, Gerard J"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513791", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In recent commentaries from Lancet Rheumatology and The Journal of Rhuematology (1-2) the authors eloquently illustrated the connection between COVID-19 infection, the subsequent cytokine storm (CS) that ensues in a number of patients and the potential efficacy of biologics that Rheumatologists routinely use in their practices. Moreover those biologics were originally investigated by Rheumatologists for the treatment of numerous rheumatic conditions, including macrophage activating syndrome (MAS), a similar form of storm that resembles the one occurring in COVID-19 patients (3)."}, {"pmid": 32393823, "pmcid": "PMC7212510", "title": "BCG-induced trained immunity: can it offer protection against COVID-19?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["O'Neill, Luke A J", "Netea, Mihai G"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393823", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507690, "title": "Thoracic surgeons' insights: Improving thoracic surgery outcomes during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Chen, Ke-Neng", "Gao, Shugeng", "Liu, Lunxu", "He, Jianxing", "Jiang, Ge-Ning", "He, Jie"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507690", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402107, "pmcid": "PMC7272828", "title": "Letter: low population mortality from COVID-19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Mansur, Jose L"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402107", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389541, "pmcid": "PMC7194827", "title": "Evolution of COVID-19 Guidelines for University of Washington Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patient Care.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Panesar, Kanvar", "Dodson, Thomas", "Lynch, John", "Bryson-Cahn, Chloe", "Chew, Lisa", "Dillon, Jasjit"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389541", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (SC2) virus, in late December 2019 has placed an overwhelming strain on healthcare institutions nationwide. The modern healthcare system has never managed a pandemic of this magnitude, the ramifications of which will undoubtedly lead to lasting changes in policy and protocol development for viral testing guidelines, personal protective equipment (PPE), surgical scheduling, and residency education and training. The State of Washington had the first reported case and death related to COVID-19 in the United States. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons have a unique risk of exposure to SC2 and developing COVID-19 because of our proximity of working in and around the oropharynx and nasopharynx. The present report has summarized the evolution of COVID-19 guidelines in 4 key areas: 1) preoperative SC2 testing; 2) PPE stewardship; 3) surgical scheduling guidelines; and 4) resident education and training for oral and maxillofacial surgery at the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington."}, {"pmid": 32412231, "pmcid": "PMC7233851", "title": "Are Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, the Workhorse Disinfectants, Effective against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2?", "journal": "ACS Infect Dis", "authors": ["Schrank, Cassandra L", "Minbiole, Kevin P C", "Wuest, William M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412231", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel virus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged from Wuhan, China in late 2019. Since then, the virus has quickly spread worldwide, leading the World Health Organization to declare it as a pandemic; by the end of April 2020, the number of cases exceeded 3 million. Due to the high infectivity rate, SARS-CoV-2 is difficult to contain, making disinfectant protocols vital, especially for essential, highly trafficked areas such as hospitals, grocery stores, and delivery centers. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, best practices to slow the spread rely on good hand hygiene, including proper handwashing practices as well as the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. However, they provide warning against sanitizing products containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC), which has sparked concern in both the scientific community as well as the general public as BAC, a common quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), is ubiquitous in soaps and cleaning wipes as well as hospital sanitation kits. This viewpoint aims to highlight the outdated and incongruous data in the evaluation of BAC against the family of known coronaviruses and points to the need for further evaluation of the efficacy of QACs against coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 31992570, "title": "China coronavirus: mild but infectious cases may make it hard to control outbreak, report warns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31992570", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411359, "pmcid": "PMC7195896.2", "title": "Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: advice in the times of COVID-19.", "journal": "F1000Res", "authors": ["Robertson, Mary M", "Eapen, Valsamma", "Rizzo, Renata", "Stern, Jeremy S", "Hartmann, Andreas"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411359", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory disease in China at the end of 2019. It then spread with enormous rapidity and by mid-March 2020 was declared a world pandemic. Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder with a worldwide prevalence of about 1% of the population. The clinical symptoms include multiple motor and one or more phonic (vocal) tics. Germane to this communication is that 85% of patients with GTS have associated psychiatric co-morbidities, many of which are being exacerbated in the current global health crisis. In addition, several symptoms of GTS may mimic COVID-19, such as a dry cough and sniffing (phonic tics), while other symptoms such as spitting, inappropriate touching of others and \"non-obscene socially inappropriate symptoms\" can potentially get patients with GTS into trouble with the law. We suggest that a clear explanation of the COVID-19 illness and GTS is important to enable colleagues of various specialities who tend to patients with GTS. It is important to acknowledge at the outset that the information available on the COVID-19 pandemic changes daily, including cases infected, deaths reported, and how various national health systems are planning and or coping or not. It is fair to say that having read the current medical and lay press we conclude that it is not easy to reassure our patients with absolute certainty. However, notwithstanding that, we hope our documentation is of some assistance."}, {"pmid": 32217534, "title": "Covid-19: India imposes lockdown for 21 days and cases rise.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Pulla, Priyanka"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217534", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434798, "title": "Minimizing SARS-CoV-2 exposure when performing surgical interventions during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["Pandey, Aditya S", "Ringer, Andrew J", "Rai, Ansaar T", "Kan, Peter", "Jabbour, Pascal", "Siddiqui, Adnan H", "Levy, Elad I", "Snyder, Kenneth V", "Riina, Howard", "Tanweer, Omar", "Levitt, Michael R", "Kim, Louis J", "Veznedaroglu, Erol", "Binning, Mandy J", "Arthur, Adam S", "Mocco, J", "Schirmer, Clemens", "Thompson, Byron Gregory", "Langer, David"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434798", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection from the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the large number of patients affected, healthcare personnel and facility resources are stretched to the limit; however, the need for urgent and emergent neurosurgical care continues. This article describes best practices when performing neurosurgical procedures on patients with COVID-19 based on multi-institutional experiences. We assembled neurosurgical practitioners from 13 different health systems from across the USA, including those in hot spots, to describe their practices in managing neurosurgical emergencies within the COVID-19 environment. Patients presenting with neurosurgical emergencies should be considered as persons under investigation (PUI) and thus maximal personal protective equipment (PPE) should be donned during interaction and transfer. Intubations and extubations should be done with only anesthesia staff donning maximal PPE in a negative pressure environment. Operating room (OR) staff should enter the room once the air has been cleared of particulate matter. Certain OR suites should be designated as covid ORs, thus allowing for all neurosurgical cases on covid/PUI patients to be performed in these rooms, which will require a terminal clean post procedure. Each COVID OR suite should be attached to an anteroom which is a negative pressure room with a HEPA filter, thus allowing for donning and doffing of PPE without risking contamination of clean areas. Based on a multi-institutional collaborative effort, we describe best practices when providing neurosurgical treatment for patients with COVID-19 in order to optimize clinical care and minimize the exposure of patients and staff."}, {"pmid": 32287793, "pmcid": "PMC7131549", "title": "Race to get ready.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Le Page, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287793", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus spreads in countries other than China, no nation is fully prepared for a pandemic, reports Michael Le Page."}, {"pmid": 32247016, "pmcid": "PMC7194574", "title": "Probable aircraft transmission of Covid-19 in-flight from the Central African Republic to France.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Eldin, Carole", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "Mailhe, Morgane", "Gautret, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247016", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227274, "pmcid": "PMC7103893", "title": "The correlation between viral clearance and biochemical outcomes of 94 COVID-19 infected discharged patients.", "journal": "Inflamm Res", "authors": ["Yuan, Jing", "Zou, Rougrong", "Zeng, Lijiao", "Kou, Shanglong", "Lan, Jianfeng", "Li, Xiaohe", "Liang, Yanhua", "Ding, Xiaoyan", "Tan, Guoyu", "Tang, Shenghong", "Liu, Lei", "Liu, Yingxia", "Pan, Yanchao", "Wang, Zhaoqin"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227274", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to evaluate the correlation between viral clearance and blood biochemical index of 94 discharged patients with COVID-19 infection in Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, enrolled from Jan 5 to Feb 13, 2020. The clinical and laboratory findings were extracted from the electronic medical records of the patients. The data were analysed and reviewed by a trained team of physicians. Information on clinical signs and symptoms, medical treatment, virus clearance, and laboratory parameters including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein were collected. COVID-19 mRNA clearance ratio was identified significantly correlated with the decline of serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Furthermore, COVID-19 mRNA clearance time was positively correlated with the length of hospital stay in patients treated with either IFN-\u03b1\u2009+\u2009lopinavir/ritonavir or IFN-\u03b1\u2009+\u2009lopinavir/ritonavir\u2009+\u2009ribavirin. Therapeutic regimens of IFN-\u03b1\u2009+\u2009lopinavir/ritonavir and IFN-\u03b1\u2009+\u2009lopinavir/ritonavir\u2009+\u2009ribavirin might be beneficial for treatment of COVID-19. Serum LDH or CK decline may predict a favorable response to treatment of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32463961, "title": "Special care dentistry in the world of COVID-19.", "journal": "Spec Care Dentist", "authors": ["Beetstra, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463961", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419130, "title": "Dilemmas in resuscitation of COVID-19 patients based on current evidence.", "journal": "Cardiol J", "authors": ["Szarpak, Lukasz", "Ruetzler, Kurt", "Dabrowski, Marek", "Nadolny, Klaudiusz", "Ladny, Jerzy R", "Smereka, Jacek", "Jaguszewski, Milosz", "Filipiak, Krzysztof J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419130", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518419, "title": "The Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in COVID-19 with severe systemic hyperinflammation.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["La Rosee, F", "Bremer, H C", "Gehrke, I", "Kehr, A", "Hochhaus, A", "Birndt, S", "Fellhauer, M", "Henkes, M", "Kumle, B", "Russo, S G", "La Rosee, P"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518419", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A subgroup of patients with severe COVID-19 suffers from progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure. These patients present with progressive hyperinflammation governed by proinflammatory cytokines. An interdisciplinary COVID-19 work flow was established to detect patients with imminent or full blown hyperinflammation. Using a newly developed COVID-19 Inflammation Score (CIS), patients were prospectively stratified for targeted inhibition of cytokine signalling by the Janus Kinase 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib (Rux). Patients were treated with efficacy/toxicity guided step up dosing up to 14 days. Retrospective analysis of CIS reduction and clinical outcome was performed. Out of 105 patients treated between March 30th and April 15th, 2020, 14 patients with a CIS \u2265 10 out of 16 points received Rux over a median of 9 days with a median cumulative dose of 135\u2009mg. A total of 12/14 patients achieved significant reduction of CIS by \u226525% on day 7 with sustained clinical improvement in 11/14 patients without short term red flag warnings of Rux-induced toxicity. Rux treatment for COVID-19 in patients with hyperinflammation is shown to be safe with signals of efficacy in this pilot case series for CRS-intervention to prevent or overcome multiorgan failure. A multicenter phase-II clinical trial has been initiated (NCT04338958)."}, {"pmid": 32526012, "title": "ACE2 Expression is Increased in the Lungs of Patients with Comorbidities Associated with Severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pinto, Bruna G G", "Oliveira, Antonio E R", "Singh, Youvika", "Jimenez, Leandro", "Goncalves, Andre N A", "Ogava, Rodrigo L T", "Creighton, Rachel", "Peron, Jean Pierre Schatzmann", "Nakaya, Helder I"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526012", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "who died from COVID-19 often had comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and chronic obstructive lung disease. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is crucial for SARS-CoV2 to bind and enter host cells, no study has systematically assessed the ACE2 expression in the lungs of patients with these diseases. Here, we analyzed over 700 lung transcriptome samples of patients with comorbidities associated with severe COVID-19 and found that ACE2 was highly expressed in these patients, compared to control individuals. This finding suggests that patients with such comorbidities may have higher chances of developing severe COVID-19. Correlation and network analyses revealed many potential regulators of ACE2 in the human lung, including genes related to histone modifications, such as HAT1, HDAC2, and KDM5B. Our systems biology approach offers a possible explanation for increase of COVID-19 severity in patients with certain comorbidities."}, {"pmid": 32419705, "pmcid": "PMC7225690", "title": "COVID-19: COMO TRANSFORMAR UN VENTILADOR DE NO INVASIVA EN UN VENTILADOR DE CRITICOS.", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Tusman, Gerardo", "Campos, Marcelo", "Gogniat, Emiliano"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419705", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic caused not only many deaths around the world but also made evident technical limitations of hospital and intensive care units (ICU). The growing demand of ICU ventilators in a short lapse of time constitutes one of the main community concerns. The main goal of this communication is to give simple solutions to transform a noninvasive ventilator in an invasive one for intubated patients. The proposal can be applied in two well defined strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic: To replace anesthesia workstations, leaving those machines to be used in patients. To apply this option in COVID-19 patients by way of a therapeutic \"bridge\", waiting for the release of a ventilator in the ICU."}, {"pmid": 32525856, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Department Visits - United States, January 1, 2019-May 30, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Hartnett, Kathleen P", "Kite-Powell, Aaron", "DeVies, Jourdan", "Coletta, Michael A", "Boehmer, Tegan K", "Adjemian, Jennifer", "Gundlapalli, Adi V"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525856", "countries": ["United States", "Austria", "China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency to combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As the number of persons hospitalized with COVID-19 increased, early reports from Austria (1), Hong Kong (2), Italy (3), and California (4) suggested sharp drops in the numbers of persons seeking emergency medical care for other reasons. To quantify the effect of COVID-19 on U.S. emergency department (ED) visits, CDC compared the volume of ED visits during four weeks early in the pandemic March 29-April 25, 2020 (weeks 14 to 17; the early pandemic period) to that during March 31-April 27, 2019 (the comparison period). During the early pandemic period, the total number of U.S. ED visits was 42% lower than during the same period a year earlier, with the largest declines in visits in persons aged \u226414 years, females, and the Northeast region. Health messages that reinforce the importance of immediately seeking care for symptoms of serious conditions, such as myocardial infarction, are needed. To minimize SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, transmission risk and address public concerns about visiting the ED during the pandemic, CDC recommends continued use of virtual visits and triage help lines and adherence to CDC infection control guidance."}, {"pmid": 32392461, "title": "The emerging role of lung ultrasound in COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Lepri, Gemma", "Orlandi, Martina", "Lazzeri, Chiara", "Bruni, Cosimo", "Hughes, Michael", "Bonizzoli, Manuela", "Wang, Yukai", "Peris, Adriano", "Matucci-Cerinic, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392461", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the last decades lung ultrasound (LUS) has become of crucial importance in the evaluation and monitoring of a widely range of pulmonary diseases. One of the major benefits which favours this examination, is that this is a non-invasive, low-cost and radiation-free imaging modality which allows repeated imaging. LUS plays an important role in a wide range of pathologies, including cardiogenic oedema, acute respiratory distress syndrome and fibrosis. Specific LUS findings have proved useful and predictive of acute respiratory distress syndrome which is of particular relevance in the suspicion and monitoring of patients with lung disease. Furthermore, several studies have confirmed the role of LUS in the screening of interstitial lung diseases in connective tissue diseases. Given these data, LUS will likely play an important role in the management of COVID-19 patients from identification of specific abnormalities corresponding to definite pneumonia phases and CT scans findings. In addition, LUS could allow reduction in the exposure of health-care workers to potential infection. Herein, we provide a summary on emerging role of lung ultrasound in COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32223856, "title": "Cochrane Corner: Coronavirus (COVID-19): infection control and prevention measures.", "journal": "J Prim Health Care", "authors": ["Jordan, Vanessa"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223856", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463239, "pmcid": "PMC7274147", "title": "Is the Rigidity of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Motif the Hallmark for Its Enhanced Infectivity? Insights from All-Atom Simulations.", "journal": "J Phys Chem Lett", "authors": ["Spinello, Angelo", "Saltalamacchia, Andrea", "Magistrato, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463239", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is setting the global health crisis of our time, causing a devastating societal and economic burden. An idiosyncratic trait of coronaviruses is the presence of spike glycoproteins on the viral envelope, which mediate the virus binding to specific host receptor, enabling its entry into the human cells. In spite of the high sequence identity of SARS-CoV-2 with its closely related SARS-CoV emerged in 2002, the atomic-level determinants underlining the molecular recognition of SARS-CoV-2 to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and, thus, the rapid virus spread into human body, remain unresolved. Here, multi-microsecond-long molecular dynamics simulations enabled us to unprecedentedly dissect the key molecular traits liable of the higher affinity/specificity of SARS-CoV-2 toward ACE2 as compared to SARS-CoV. This supplies a minute per-residue contact map underlining its stunningly high infectivity. Harnessing this knowledge is pivotal for urgently developing effective medical countermeasures to face the ongoing global health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32439689, "title": "Covid-19: Important potential side effects of wearing face masks that we should bear in mind.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Lazzarino, Antonio Ivan", "Steptoe, Andrew", "Hamer, Mark", "Michie, Susan"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439689", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422055, "title": "Annals Graphic Medicine - What I Learned From COVID-19 (Until Now).", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Briatore, Lucia", "Pozzi, Ilaria"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422055", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[Figure: see text]."}, {"pmid": 32362299, "pmcid": "PMC7248582", "title": "Safe and informed prescribing of psychotropic medication during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Luykx, Jurjen J", "van Veen, Sisco M P", "Risselada, Arne", "Naarding, Paul", "Tijdink, Joeri K", "Vinkers, Christiaan H"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362299", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Treatment with psychotropic medication may sometimes be jeopardised because of the COVID-19 pandemic. One underlying reason is the lack of COVID-19-specific psychopharmacology guidelines. Here, we discuss five considerations arising from our clinical experience and pharmacological background knowledge to enable safe and well-informed psychopharmacotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32427902, "title": "Animal source of the coronavirus continues to elude scientists.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427902", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528560, "pmcid": "PMC7272181", "title": "Consumer behavior in confinement times: Food choice and cooking attitudes in Spain.", "journal": "Int J Gastron Food Sci", "authors": ["Romeo-Arroyo, E", "Mora, M", "Vazquez-Araujo, L"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528560", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present study provides an overview of the food related behavior of the Spanish population during the confinement period due to the Covid-19 sanitary emergency. A national survey was responded by 600 volunteers, who answered questions related to food consumption, home-food and cooking related habits (F&C), and the Spanish version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. In general, most consumers could be considered \"External eaters\"; F&C questionnaire allowed segmenting the population in \"low-cooking engagement\", \"health -concerned\" and \"health-disregarded\" groups. These consumers' segments reported different behavior, highlighting, for example, the increase of snacks and ultra-processed food consumption of the health-disregarded group."}, {"pmid": 32460543, "title": "Personal Experiences With COVID-19 and Diabetes Technology: All for Technology Yet Not Technology for All.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Monaghan, Maureen", "Marks, Brynn"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460543", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303494, "title": "Covid-19: Disproportionate impact on ethnic minority healthcare workers will be explored by government.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303494", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293555, "pmcid": "PMC7205546", "title": "Coronavirus disease: challenges for psychiatry.", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kelly, Brendan D"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293555", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents two urgent health problems: the illness caused by the virus itself and the anxiety, panic and psychological problems associated with the pandemic. Both problems present substantial challenges for our patients, their families, our multidisciplinary teams and our psychiatrist colleagues. We need good psychiatry, now more than ever."}, {"pmid": 32209887, "title": "Potential therapeutic options for coronavirus disease 2019: using knowledge of past outbreaks to guide future treatment.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Lin, John", "Ouyang, Jing", "Peng, Xiao-Rong", "Isnard, Stephane", "Fombuena, Brandon", "Routy, Jean-Pierre", "Chen, Yao-Kai"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209887", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361703, "title": "Newly Diagnosed Glomerulonephritis During COVID-19 Infection Undergoing Immunosuppression Therapy, a Case Report.", "journal": "Iran J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Moeinzadeh, Firouzeh", "Dezfouli, Majid", "Naimi, Azar", "Shahidi, Shahrzad", "Moradi, Hazhir"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361703", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, we had a 25 years old male case without any underlying disease or history of autoimmune disease in COVID-19 Clinic, Isfahan, Iran. He presented with arthralgia and weakness so we started COVID-19 therapeutic regimen. In his hospitalization, creatinine increases and abnormalities in random urine sediment was seen. Methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide were prescribed due to suspected glomerulonephritis. After renal biopsy the diagnose was confirmed as crescentic proliferative glomerulonephritis. The patient also, underwent plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin injection. He was discharged healthy without development of new pulmonary symptoms despite immunosuppressive treatment."}, {"pmid": 32272089, "pmcid": "PMC7270629", "title": "School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Viner, Russell M", "Russell, Simon J", "Croker, Helen", "Packer, Jessica", "Ward, Joseph", "Stansfield, Claire", "Mytton, Oliver", "Bonell, Chris", "Booy, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272089", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, 107 countries had implemented national school closures by March 18, 2020. It is unknown whether school measures are effective in coronavirus outbreaks (eg, due to severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS], Middle East respiratory syndrome, or COVID-19). We undertook a systematic review by searching three electronic databases to identify what is known about the effectiveness of school closures and other school social distancing practices during coronavirus outbreaks. We included 16 of 616 identified articles. School closures were deployed rapidly across mainland China and Hong Kong for COVID-19. However, there are no data on the relative contribution of school closures to transmission control. Data from the SARS outbreak in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Singapore suggest that school closures did not contribute to the control of the epidemic. Modelling studies of SARS produced conflicting results. Recent modelling studies of COVID-19 predict that school closures alone would prevent only 2-4% of deaths, much less than other social distancing interventions. Policy makers need to be aware of the equivocal evidence when considering school closures for COVID-19, and that combinations of social distancing measures should be considered. Other less disruptive social distancing interventions in schools require further consideration if restrictive social distancing policies are implemented for long periods."}, {"pmid": 32142972, "pmcid": "PMC7129309", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A critical care perspective beyond China.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Rello, Jordi", "Tejada, Sofia", "Userovici, Caroline", "Arvaniti, Kostoula", "Pugin, Jerome", "Waterer, Grant"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142972", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404317, "title": "Covid-19: Concerns rise as cases expand rapidly in South America.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["de Oliveira Andrade, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404317", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283579, "title": "Stability and Viability of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Petti, Stefano"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283579", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32185370, "pmcid": "PMC7075270", "title": "Information Typology in Coronavirus (COVID-19) Crisis; a Commentary.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ashrafi-Rizi, Hasan", "Kazempour, Zahra"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185370", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530306, "title": "Guidance for rebooting electrophysiology through the COVID-19 pandemic from the Heart Rhythm Society and the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology.", "journal": "Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Lakkireddy, Dhanunjaya R", "Chung, Mina K", "Deering, Thomas F", "Gopinathannair, Rakesh", "Albert, Christine M", "Epstein, Laurence M", "Harding, Clifford V", "Hurwitz, Jodie L", "Jeffery, Courtney C", "Krahn, Andrew D", "Kusumoto, Fred M", "Lampert, Rachel", "Mansour, Moussa", "Natale, Andrea", "Patton, Kristen K", "Seiler, Amber", "Shah, Maully J", "Wang, Paul J", "Russo, Andrea M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented substantial challenges to patient care and impacted health care delivery, including cardiac electrophysiology practice throughout the globe. Based upon the undetermined course and regional variability of the pandemic, there is uncertainty as to how and when to resume and deliver electrophysiology services for arrhythmia patients. This joint document from representatives of the Heart Rhythm Society, American Heart Association, and American College of Cardiology seeks to provide guidance for clinicians and institutions reestablishing safe electrophysiological care. To achieve this aim, we address regional and local COVID-19 disease status, the role of viral screening and serologic testing, return-to-work considerations for exposed or infected health care workers, risk stratification and management strategies based on COVID-19 disease burden, institutional preparedness for resumption of elective procedures, patient preparation and communication, prioritization of procedures, and development of outpatient and periprocedural care pathways."}, {"pmid": 32151325, "pmcid": "PMC7124625", "title": "COVID-19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Wenham, Clare", "Smith, Julia", "Morgan, Rosemary"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32151325", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315886, "pmcid": "PMC7160637", "title": "Prevalence of self-reported depression and anxiety among pediatric medical staff members during the COVID-19 outbreak in Guiyang, China.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Chen, Yun", "Zhou, Hao", "Zhou, Yan", "Zhou, Fang"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315886", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469072, "title": "Role of Military Medical Personnel as Part of the Public Sector During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea: A Personal Experience.", "journal": "Mil Med", "authors": ["Kim, Jeong-Gil"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469072", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387494, "pmcid": "PMC7201226", "title": "Striving to protect patients and healthcare professionals in endoscopy units during pandemics: from SARS to COVID-19.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Lui, Rashid N", "Tang, Raymond Sy", "Chiu, Philip Wy"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387494", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503305, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Urology Practice: A Global Perspective and Snapshot Analysis.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Gravas, Stavros", "Bolton, Damien", "Gomez, Reynaldo", "Klotz, Laurence", "Kulkarni, Sanjay", "Tanguay, Simon", "de la Rosette, Jean"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503305", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on urology practice remains unknown. Self-selected urologists worldwide completed an online survey by the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Internationale d'Urologie (SIU). A total of 2494 urologists from 76 countries responded, including 1161 (46.6%) urologists in an academic setting, 719 (28.8%) in a private practice, and 614 (24.6%) in the public sector. The largest proportion (1074 (43.1%)) were from Europe, with the remainder from East/Southeast Asia (441 (17.7%)), West/Southwest Asia (386 (15.5%)), Africa (209 (8.4%)), South America (198 (7.9%)), and North America (186 (7.5%)). An analysis of differences in responses was carried out by region and practice setting. The results reveal significant restrictions in outpatient consultation and non-emergency surgery, with nonspecific efforts towards additional precautions for preventing the spread of COVID-19 during emergency surgery. These restrictions were less notable in East/Southeast Asia. Urologists often bear the decision-making responsibility regarding access to elective surgery (40.3%). Restriction of both outpatient clinics and non-emergency surgery is considerable worldwide but is lower in East/Southeast Asia. Measures to control the spread of COVID-19 during emergency surgery are common but not specific. The pandemic has had a profound impact on urology practice. There is an urgent need to provide improved guidance for this and future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32522306, "title": "COVID-19 in adult patients with congenital heart disease A matter of anatomy or comorbidities?", "journal": "Cardiol Young", "authors": ["Ferrero, Paolo", "Piazza, Isabelle", "Ciuffreda, Matteo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522306", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is know about COVID-19 outcome in specific populations such as ACHD patients.We report three cases of adult patients with similar underlying disease with completely different clinical severity at the time of COVID19 infection.The patient with the most severe clinical course was obese and diabetic, suggesting that COVID-19 mortality and morbidity in ACHD patients might be independent of anatomic complexity."}, {"pmid": 32531935, "title": "Chronic Inflammation in the Context of Everyday Life: Dietary Changes as Mitigating Factors.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Margina, Denisa", "Ungurianu, Anca", "Purdel, Carmen", "Tsoukalas, Dimitris", "Sarandi, Evangelia", "Thanasoula, Maria", "Tekos, Fotios", "Mesnage, Robin", "Kouretas, Demetrios", "Tsatsakis, Aristidis"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531935", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lifestyle adopted by most people in Western societies has an important impact on the propensity to metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases). This is often accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation, driven by the activation of various molecular pathways such as STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), IKK (I\u03baB kinase), MMP9 (matrix metallopeptidase 9), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases), COX2 (cyclooxigenase 2), and NF-K\u03b2 (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells). Multiple intervention studies have demonstrated that lifestyle changes can lead to reduced inflammation and improved health. This can be linked to the concept of real-life risk simulation, since humans are continuously exposed to dietary factors in small doses and complex combinations (e.g., polyphenols, fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.). Inflammation biomarkers improve in patients who consume a certain amount of fiber per day; some even losing weight. Fasting in combination with calorie restriction modulates molecular mechanisms such as m-TOR, FOXO, NRF2, AMPK, and sirtuins, ultimately leads to significantly reduced inflammatory marker levels, as well as improved metabolic markers. Moving toward healthier dietary habits at the individual level and in publicly-funded institutions, such as schools or hospitals, could help improving public health, reducing healthcare costs and improving community resilience to epidemics (such as COVID-19), which predominantly affects individuals with metabolic diseases."}, {"pmid": 32317126, "pmcid": "PMC7151314", "title": "Seven discharged patients turning positive again for SARS-CoV-2 on quantitative RT-PCR.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Peng, Jianhui", "Wang, Mingke", "Zhang, Gangqing", "Lu, Eying"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317126", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479162, "title": "Respiratory Mechanics of COVID-19 vs. Non-COVID-19 Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Haudebourg, Anne-Fleur", "Perier, Francois", "Tuffet, Samuel", "de Prost, Nicolas", "Razazi, Keyvan", "Mekontso Dessap, Armand", "Carteaux, Guillaume"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479162", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408834, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Is This a Good Time for Implementation of Home Programs for Children's Rehabilitation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries?", "journal": "Phys Occup Ther Pediatr", "authors": ["Longo, Egmar", "de Campos, Ana Carolina", "Schiariti, Veronica"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408834", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281334, "title": "[Strategy of pharmaceutical care services for clinical Chinese pharmacists in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Lin, Zhi-Jian", "Zhang, Bing"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281334", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) seriously endangers people's health. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Prevention and Control Strategy, which have made outstanding contributions to the prevention and control of the epidemic. The wide application of Chinese medicine asked the pharmacists and doctors, nurses, and medical technicians in Wuhan and around the country to stand on the front line of COVID-19 treatment, and provide pharmaceutical care services, which has effectively guaranteed the safety and rational use of Chinese medicine. This article will introduce the TCM cognition of the COVID-19, analyze the clinical application of Chinese medicine and the entry point of pharmaceutical care, and clarify that clinical Chinese pharmacists can participate in making medication therapy plan, medication reconciliation, and prescription review, promoting rational drug use, pharmaceutical monitoring, and drug risk management. The participation of clinical Chinese pharmacists in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 is conducive to improving the level of rational use of TCM, by ensuring the effectiveness, and safety."}, {"pmid": 32475468, "pmcid": "PMC7189848", "title": "The Year of the Nurse, Florence Nightingale and COVID-19: Reflections From Social Isolation.", "journal": "Can J Diabetes", "authors": ["Sherifali, Diana"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475468", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371436, "title": "Partha Kar: Covid-19 and ethnicity-why are all our angels white?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kar, Partha"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371436", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357808, "title": "Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM and IgG responses in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Sun, Baoqing", "Feng, Ying", "Mo, Xiaoneng", "Zheng, Peiyan", "Wang, Qian", "Li, Pingchao", "Peng, Ping", "Liu, Xiaoqing", "Chen, Zhilong", "Huang, Huimin", "Zhang, Fan", "Luo, Wenting", "Niu, Xuefeng", "Hu, Peiyu", "Wang, Longyu", "Peng, Hui", "Huang, Zhifeng", "Feng, Liqiang", "Li, Feng", "Zhang, Fuchun", "Li, Fang", "Zhong, Nanshan", "Chen, Ling"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357808", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection poses severe challenges to global public health. Serum antibody testing is becoming one of the critical methods for the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients. We investigated IgM and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) protein after symptom onset in the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients. 130 blood samples from 38 COVID-19 patients were collected. The levels of IgM and IgG specific to N and S protein were detected by ELISA. A series of blood samples were collected along the disease course from the same patient, including 11 ICU patients and 27 non-ICU patients for longitudinal analysis. N and S specific IgM and IgG (N-IgM, N-IgG, S-IgM, S-IgG) in non-ICU patients increased after symptom onset. N-IgM and S-IgM in some non-ICU patients reached a peak in the second week, while N-IgG and S-IgG continued to increase in the third week. The combined detection of N and S specific IgM and IgG could identify up to 75% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in the first week. S-IgG was significantly higher in non-ICU patients than in ICU patients in the third week. In contrast, N-IgG was significantly higher in ICU patients than in non-ICU patients. The increase of S-IgG positively correlated with the decrease of C-reactive protein (CRP) in non-ICU patients. N and S specific IgM and IgG increased gradually after symptom onset and can be used for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Analysis of the dynamics of S-IgG may help to predict prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32372787, "pmcid": "PMC7194701", "title": "Home testing is no quick fix.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Le Page, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372787", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "UK prime minister Boris Johnson says antibody tests for covid-19 are a game changer, but they may not do much in the short term, argues Michael Le Page."}, {"pmid": 32305882, "pmcid": "PMC7195018", "title": "Diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection are at higher risk of ICU admission and poor short-term outcome.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Roncon, Loris", "Zuin, Marco", "Rigatelli, Gianluca", "Zuliani, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305882", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The prognostic significance of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) remains unknown. To assess the risk of ICU admission and morality risk in diabetic COVID-19 patients. A database search was conducted to identify studies comparing diabetic COVID-19 patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU) and those reporting the overall mortality of these patients published up to March 25, 2020 within MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in abstracting data and assessing validity. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. The main outcome was the risk of ICU admission in diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection while the second was the mortality risk in overall diabetic COVID-19 patients. Data were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel random effects models with odds ratio (OR) as the effect measure with the related 95 % confidence interval (CI). Statistical heterogeneity between groups was measured using the Higgins I2 statistic. Among 1382 patients (mean age 51.5 years, 798 males), DM resulted to be the second more frequent comorbidities. Diabetic patients resulted to have a significant increased risk of ICU admission (OR: 2.79, 95 % CI 1.85-4.22, p\u2009<\u20090.0001, I2\u2009=\u200946 %). In 471 patients (mean age 56.6 years, 294 males) analysed for the secondary outcome diabetic subjects resulted to be at higher mortality risk (OR 3.21, 95 % CI 1.82-5.64, p\u2009<\u20090.0001, I2\u2009=\u200916 %). Diabetic patients with COVID-19 patients are at higher risk of ICU admission and show an higher mortality risk."}, {"pmid": 32265510, "pmcid": "PMC7136748", "title": "Survey of ophthalmology practitioners in A&E on current COVID-19 guidance at three Major UK Eye Hospitals.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Minocha, Amal", "Sim, Sing Yue", "Than, Jonathan", "Vakros, Georgios"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265510", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343511, "title": "How to manage rheumatic patients during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Panminerva Med", "authors": ["Parisi, Simone", "Ditto, Maria Chiara", "Finucci, Annacarla", "Fusaro, Enrico"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343511", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447019, "pmcid": "PMC7242181", "title": "Plans to Reactivate Gastroenterology Practices Following the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of North American Centers.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Kushnir, Vladimir M", "Berzin, Tyler M", "Elmunzer, B Joseph", "Mendelsohn, Robin B", "Patel, Vaishali", "Pawa, Swati", "Smith, Zachary L", "Keswani, Rajesh N"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447019", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Practices dramatically reduced endoscopy services due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As practices are now considering reintroduction of elective endoscopy, we conducted a survey of North American practices to identify reactivation barriers and strategies. We designed and electronically distributed a web-based survey to North American gastroenterologists consisting of seven domains: institutional demographics, impact of COVID-19 on endoscopy practice, elective endoscopy resumption plans, anesthesia modifications, personal protective equipment (PPE) policies, fellowship training and telemedicine use. Responses were stratified by practice type: ambulatory surgery center (ASC) or hospital-based. In total, 123 practices (55% ASC-based and 45% hospital-based) responded. At the pandemic's peak (as reported by the respondent), practices saw a 90% drop in endoscopy volume with most centers planning to resume elective endoscopy a median of 55 days after initial restrictions. Declining community prevalence of COVID-19, PPE availability, and pre-procedure SARS-CoV-2 testing availability were ranked as the three primary factors influencing reactivation timing. ASC-based practices were more likely to identify pre-procedure testing availability as a major factor limiting elective endoscopy resumption (p=0.001). Pre-procedure SARS-CoV-2 testing was planned by only 49.2% of practices overall; when testing is performed and negative, 52.9% of practices will continue to utilize N95 masks. This survey highlights barriers and variable strategies for reactivation of elective endoscopy services following the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results suggest that more widespread access to pre-procedure SARS-CoV-2 tests with superior performance characteristics is needed to increase provider and patient comfort in proceeding with elective endoscopy."}, {"pmid": 32492171, "title": "Managing appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Scott, C", "Lambert, A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492171", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437930, "pmcid": "PMC7211603", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak reproduction number estimations and forecasting in Marche, Italy.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chintalapudi, Nalini", "Battineni, Gopi", "Sagaro, Getu Gamo", "Amenta, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437930", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 disease is becoming a global pandemic and more than 200 countries were affected because of this disease. Italy is one of the countries is largely suffered with this virus outbreak, and about 180,000 cases (as of 20 April 2020) were registered which explains the large transmissibility and reproduction case numbers. In this study, we considered the Marche region of Italy to compute different daily transmission rates (Rt) including five provinces in it. We also present forecasting of daily and cumulative incidences associated after the next thirty days. The Marche region is the 8th in terms of number of people infected in Italy and the first in terms of diffusion of the infection among the 4 regions of the center of Italy. Epidemic statistics were extracted from the national Italian Health Ministry website. We considered outbreak information where the first case registered in Marche with onset symptoms (26 February 2020) to the present date (20 April 2020). Adoption of incidence and projections with R statistics was done. The median values of Rt for the five provinces of Pesaro and Urbano, Ancona, Fermo, Ascoli Piceno, and Macerata, was 2.492 (1.1-4.5), 2.162 (1.0-4.0), 1.512 (0.75-2.75), 1.141 (1.0-1.6), and 1.792 (1.0-3.5) with 95% of CI achieved. The projections at end of 30th day of the cumulative incidences 323 (95% CI), and daily incidences 45 (95% CI) could be possible. This study highlights the knowledge of essential insights into the Marche region in particular to virus transmission dynamics, geographical characteristics of positive incidences, and the necessity of implementing mitigation procedures to fight against the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32447496, "pmcid": "PMC7245504", "title": "The role of self-reported smell and taste disorders in suspected COVID19.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Printza, Athanasia", "Constantinidis, Jannis"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447496", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The sudden onset of smell and taste loss has been reported as a symptom related to COVID-19. There is urgent need to provide insight to the pandemic and evaluate anosmia as a potential screening symptom that might contribute to the decision to test suspected cases or guide quarantine instructions. Systematic review of the PubMed/Medline, Cochrane databases and preprints up to May 3, 2020. Combined search terms included: \"COVID-19\", \"SARS-CoV-2\", \"coronavirus\", \"nose\", \"anosmia\", \"hyposmia\", \"olfactory loss\", \"smell loss\", \"taste loss\", and \"hypogeusia\". Our search identified 18 reviewed articles and 6 manuscript preprints, including a large epidemiological study, four observational case series, five case-controlled studies, five cross-sectional studies, five case series of anosmic patients and four electronic surveys. Great methodological differences were noted. A significant prevalence of anosmia is reported in COVID-19 patients. Controlled studies indicate that anosmia is more common in COVID-19 patients than in patients suffering from other viral infections or controls. Most of the studies reported either smell loss or smell plus taste loss. Less severe COVID-19 disease is related to a greater prevalence of anosmia. A quick recovery of the smell loss may be expected in most COVID-19 cases. Anosmia is more prevalent in COVID-19 patients than in patients suffering from other respiratory infections or controls."}, {"pmid": 32304970, "pmcid": "PMC7195029", "title": "Challenges and solutions for addressing critical shortage of supply chain for personal and protective equipment (PPE) arising from Coronavirus disease (COVID19) pandemic - Case study from the Republic of Ireland.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Rowan, Neil J", "Laffey, John G"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304970", "countries": ["United States", "Ireland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) is highly infectious agent that causes fatal respiratory illnesses, which is of great global public health concern. Currently, there is no effective vaccine for tackling this COVID19 pandemic where disease countermeasures rely upon preventing or slowing person-to-person transmission. Specifically, there is increasing efforts to prevent or reduce transmission to front-line healthcare workers (HCW). However, there is growing international concern regarding the shortage in supply chain of critical one-time-use personal and protective equipment (PPE). PPE are heat sensitive and are not, by their manufacturer's design, intended for reprocessing. Most conventional sterilization technologies used in hospitals, or in terminal medical device sterilization providers, cannot effectively reprocess PPE due to the nature and severity of sterilization modalities. Contingency planning for PPE stock shortage is important. Solutions in the Republic of Ireland include use of smart communication channels to improve supply chain, bespoke production of PPE to meets gaps, along with least preferred option, use of sterilization or high-level disinfection for PPE reprocessing. Reprocessing PPE must consider material composition, functionality post treatment, along with appropriate disinfection. Following original manufacturer of PPE and regulatory guidance is important. Technologies deployed in the US, and for deployment in the Republic of Ireland, are eco-friendly, namely vaporised hydrogen peroxide (VH2O2), such as for filtering facepiece respirators and UV irradiation and High-level liquid disinfection (Actichlor+) is also been pursed in Ireland. Safeguarding supply chain of PPE will sustain vital healthcare provision and will help reduce mortality."}, {"pmid": 32391672, "title": "[Management of a colon cancer patient complicated with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Ye, Ziqi", "Hong, Yun", "Wu, Xiuhua", "Hong, Dongsheng", "Zhang, Yanfang", "Dong, Xihao", "Rao, Yuefeng", "Lu, Xiaoyang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391672", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the feasibility of radical resection for cancer patients complicated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The management and clinical outcome of a sigmoid cancer patient with COVID-19 were analyzed. The inflammation indicators and fever of this patient were effectively controlled and the lung lesions remained stable after active anti-viral treatment, then the radical colorectomy was performed after the viral negative conversion for twice. The case indicates that radical resection can be performed in SARS-CoV-2 patients with twice-negative SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing results."}, {"pmid": 32305382, "pmcid": "PMC7162791", "title": "Vascular surgery department adjustments in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Gouveia E Melo, Ryan", "Pedro, Luis Mendes"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305382", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247826, "pmcid": "PMC7129961", "title": "Delivery of infection from asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19 in a familial cluster.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ye, Feng", "Xu, Shicai", "Rong, Zhihua", "Xu, Ronghua", "Liu, Xiaowei", "Deng, Pingfu", "Liu, Hai", "Xu, Xuejun"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247826", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 around the world, it has become a worldwide health concern. One previous study reported a family cluster with an asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19. Here, we report another series of cases and further demonstrate the repeatability of the transmission of COVID-19 by pre-symptomatic carriers. A familial cluster of five patients associated with COVID-19 was enrolled in the hospital. We collected epidemiological and clinical characteristics, laboratory outcomes from electronic medical records, and also verified them with the patients and their families. Among them, three family members (Case 3/4/5) had returned from Wuhan. Additionally, two family members, those who had not traveled to Wuhan, also contracted COVID-19 after contacting with the other three family members. Case 1 developed severe pneumonia and was admitted to the ICU. Case 3 and Case 5 presented fever and cough on days two through three of hospitalization and had ground-glass opacity changes in their lungs. Case 4 presented with diarrhea and pharyngalgia after admission without radiographic abnormalities. Case 2 presented no clinical nor radiographic abnormalities. All five cases had an increasing level of C-reactive protein. Our findings indicate that COVID-19 can be transmitted by asymptomatic carriers during the incubation period."}, {"pmid": 32499548, "pmcid": "PMC7271827", "title": "Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases following COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Rheumatol", "authors": ["Galeotti, Caroline", "Bayry, Jagadeesh"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499548", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348025, "pmcid": "PMC7267564", "title": "Skull base surgery during the Covid-19 pandemic: The Italian skull base society recommendations.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Castelnuovo, Paolo", "Turri-Zanoni, Mario", "Karligkiotis, Apostolos", "Battaglia, Paolo", "Pozzi, Fabio", "Locatelli, Davide on behalf of the Italian Skull Base Society Board", "Bernucci, Claudio", "Iacoangeli, Maurizio", "Krengli, Marco", "Marchetti, Marcello", "Pareschi, Roberto", "Pompucci, Angelo", "Rabbiosi, Dimitri"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348025", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), is highly contagious with devastating impacts for healthcare systems worldwide. Medical staff are at high risk of viral contamination and it is imperative to know what personal protective equipment is appropriate for each situation. Furthermore, elective clinics and operations have been reduced in order to mobilize manpower to the acute specialties combatting the outbreak; appropriate differentiation between patients who require immediate care and those who can receive telephone consultation or whose treatment might viably be postponed is therefore crucial. Italy was one of the earliest and hardest-hit European countries and therefore the Italian Skull Base Society board has promulgated specific recommendations based on consensus best practices and the literature, where available. Only urgent surgical operations are recommended and all patients should be tested at least twice (on days 4 and 2 prior to surgery). For positive patients, procedures should be postponed until after swab test negativization. If the procedure is vital to the survival of the patient, FFP3 and/or PAPRs devices, goggles, full-face visor, double gloves, water-resistant gowns and protective caps, are mandatory. For negative patients, use of at least FFP2 mask is recommended. In all cases the use of drills, which promote the aerosolization of potentially infected mucous particles, should be avoided. Given the potential neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2, dura handling should be minimized. It is only through widely-agreed protocols and teamwork that we will be able to deal with the evolving and complex implications of this new pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32366728, "title": "Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Institution Experience.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Singh, Kuldeep", "Srivastav, Shival", "Bhardwaj, Abhishek", "Dixit, Abhinav", "Misra, Sanjeev"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366728", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social distancing to curb the COVID-19 pandemic has caused suspension of classroom teaching in all educational institutions. We implemented a novel online classroom platform at our institute to continue medical education. The program attracted encouraging feedback from the students. It may serve as a model for uninterrupted teaching and training during times of crisis."}, {"pmid": 32412416, "pmcid": "PMC7252199", "title": "Use of a Real-Time Locating System for Contact Tracing of Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic at an Infectious Disease Center in Singapore: Validation Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Ho, Hanley J", "Zhang, Zoe Xiaozhu", "Huang, Zhilian", "Aung, Aung Hein", "Lim, Wei-Yen", "Chow, Angela"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412416", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early 2020, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged and spread by community and nosocomial transmission. Effective contact tracing of potentially exposed health care workers is crucial for the prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks in the health care setting. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of contact tracing during the COVID-19 pandemic through the real-time locating system (RTLS) and review of the electronic medical record (EMR) at the designated hospital for COVID-19 response in Singapore. Over a 2-day study period, all admitted patients with COVID-19, their ward locations, and the health care workers rostered to each ward were identified to determine the total number of potential contacts between patients with COVID-19 and health care workers. The numbers of staff-patient contacts determined by EMR reviews, RTLS-based contact tracing, and a combination of both methods were evaluated. The use of EMR-based and RTLS-based contact tracing methods was further validated by comparing their sensitivity and specificity against self-reported staff-patient contacts by health care workers. Of 796 potential staff-patient contacts (between 17 patients and 162 staff members), 104 (13.1%) were identified by both the RTLS and EMR, 54 (6.8%) by the RTLS alone, and 99 (12.4%) by the EMR alone; 539 (67.7%) were not identified through either method. Compared to self-reported contacts, EMR reviews had a sensitivity of 47.2% and a specificity of 77.9%, while the RTLS had a sensitivity of 72.2% and a specificity of 87.7%. The highest sensitivity was obtained by including all contacts identified by either the RTLS or the EMR (sensitivity 77.8%, specificity 73.4%). RTLS-based contact tracing showed higher sensitivity and specificity than EMR review. Integration of both methods provided the best performance for rapid contact tracing, although technical adjustments to the RTLS and increasing user compliance with wearing of RTLS tags remain necessary."}, {"pmid": 32192297, "title": "[Chemotherapy strategy for colorectal cancer under the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Y H", "Shen, L", "Li, J"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192297", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) makes the medical treatment of colorectal cancers difficult. Cancer patients are more susceptible to infection and tumor history is defined as an important factor of poor prognosis, which challenges both doctors and patients. For metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, maintenance therapy is the optimal choice. The patients with tumor progression or poor biological behavior should receive or continue combination chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy should reduce the intensity of treatment and shorten the therapy time. Fever patients during chemotherapy need to receive differential diagnosis and screening according to national standards. Patients with stable diseases and good general conditions may delay imaging examination. Clinicians should make individual clinical decisions based on the specifics of each patient during epidemic situation."}, {"pmid": 32333979, "pmcid": "PMC7175906", "title": "Lessons Already Learnt From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Sanz-Santos, Jose", "Rami-Porta, Ramon", "Call, Sergi"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355119, "pmcid": "PMC7224624", "title": "Trail Blazers without Blades: Surgeons as Palliative Care Physicians in response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["O'Connell, Kathleen M", "Maier, Ronald V"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503663, "pmcid": "PMC7273817", "title": "Sargramostim to treat patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 (SARPAC): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Bosteels, Cedric", "Maes, Bastiaan", "Van Damme, Karel", "De Leeuw, Elisabeth", "Declercq, Jozefien", "Delporte, Anja", "Demeyere, Benedicte", "Vermeersch, Stefanie", "Vuylsteke, Marnik", "Willaert, Joren", "Bolle, Laura", "Vanbiervliet, Yuri", "Decuypere, Jana", "Libeer, Frederick", "Vandecasteele, Stefaan", "Peene, Isabelle", "Lambrecht, Bart"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503663", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The hypothesis of the proposed intervention is that Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has profound effects on antiviral immunity, and can provide the stimulus to restore immune homeostasis in the lung with acute lung injury post COVID-19, and can promote lung repair mechanisms, that lead to a 25% improvement in lung oxygenation parameters. Sargramostim is a man-made form of the naturally-occurring protein GM-CSF. A phase 4 academic, prospective, 2 arm (1:1 ratio), randomized, open-label, controlled trial. Patients aged 18-80 years admitted to specialized COVID-19 wards in 5 Belgian hospitals with recent (< 2 weeks prior to randomization) confirmed COVID-19 infection and acute respiratory failure defined as a PaO2/FiO2 below 350 mmHg or SpO2 below 93% on minimal 2 L/min supplemental oxygen. Patients were excluded from the trial in case of (1) known serious allergic reactions to yeast-derived products, (2) lithium carbonate therapy, (3) mechanical ventilation prior to randomization, (4) peripheral white blood cell count above 25.000/\u03bcL and/or active myeloid malignancy, (5) high dose systemic steroid therapy (> 20 mg methylprednisolone or equivalent), (6) enrolment in another investigational study, (7) pregnant or breastfeeding or (8) ferritin levels > 2000 \u03bcg/mL. Inhaled sargramostim 125 \u03bcg twice daily for 5 days in addition to standard care. Upon progression of disease requiring mechanical ventilation or to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and initiation of mechanical ventilator support within the 5 day period, inhaled sargramostim will be replaced by intravenous sargramostim 125 \u03bcg/m2 body surface area once daily until the 5 day period is reached. From day 6 onwards, progressive patients in the active group will have the option to receive an additional 5 days of IV sargramostim, based on the treating physician's assessment. Intervention will be compared to standard of care. Subjects progressing to ARDS and requiring invasive mechanical ventilatory support, from day 6 onwards in the standard of care group will have the option (clinician's decision) to initiate IV sargramostim 125m \u03bcg/m2 body surface area once daily for 5 days. The primary endpoint of this intervention is measuring oxygenation after 5 days of inhaled (and intravenous) treatment through assessment of a change in pretreatment and post-treatment ratio of PaO2/FiO2 and through measurement of the P(A-a)O2 gradient (PAO2= Partial alveolar pressure of oxygen, PaO2=Partial arterial pressure of oxygen; FiO2= Fraction of inspired oxygen). Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio. Randomization will be done using REDCap (electronic IWRS system). In this open-label trial neither participants, caregivers, nor those assessing the outcomes will be blinded to group assignment. A total of 80 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and acute hypoxic respiratory failure will be enrolled, 40 in the active and 40 in the control group. SARPAC protocol Version 2.0 (April 15 2020). Participant recruitment is ongoing in 5 Belgian Hospitals (i.e. University Hospital Ghent, AZ Sint-Jan Bruges, AZ Delta Roeselare, University Hospital Brussels and ZNA Middelheim Antwerp). Participant recruitment started on March 26th 2020. Given the current decline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium, it is difficult to anticipate the rate of participant recruitment. The trial was registered on Clinical Trials.gov on March 30th, 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04326920) - retrospectively registered; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04326920?term=sarpac&recrs=ab&draw=2&rank=1 and on EudraCT on March 24th, 2020 (Identifier: 2020-001254-22). The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32466994, "pmcid": "PMC7192111", "title": "Potential risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection on reproductive health.", "journal": "Reprod Biomed Online", "authors": ["Li, Rong", "Yin, Tailang", "Fang, Fang", "Li, Qin", "Chen, Jiao", "Wang, Yixin", "Hao, Yongxiu", "Wu, Gengxiang", "Duan, Peng", "Wang, Yuanyuan", "Cheng, Dan", "Zhou, Qi", "Zafar, Mohammad Ishraq", "Xiong, Chengliang", "Li, Honggang", "Yang, Jing", "Qiao, Jie"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466994", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a major pandemic threat worldwide. Such a public health emergency can greatly impact various aspects of people's health and lives. This paper focuses on its potential risks for reproductive health, including the reproductive system and its functioning, as well as gamete and embryo development, which could be affected by the virus itself, drug treatments, chemical disinfectants and psychological effects related to panic during the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32259878, "pmcid": "PMC7235511", "title": "A case of exacerbation of psoriasis after oseltamivir and hydroxychloroquine in a patient with COVID-19: Will cases of psoriasis increase after COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kutlu, Omer", "Metin, Ahmet"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259878", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462467, "pmcid": "PMC7250736", "title": "Covid-19 and Kawasaki Disease: A Glimpse at the Past for a Predictable Future.", "journal": "Pediatr Cardiol", "authors": ["Calabri, Giovanni Battista", "Formigari, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462467", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335078, "pmcid": "PMC7177128", "title": "Deep impact of COVID-19 in the healthcare of Latin America: the case of Brazil.", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cimerman, Sergio", "Chebabo, Alberto", "Cunha, Clovis Arns da", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335078", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432923, "pmcid": "PMC7240212", "title": "Reply to Jakovac: About COVID-19 and vitamin D.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Facchiano, Angelo", "Facchiano, Antonio", "Bartoli, Manuela", "Ricci, Alberto", "Facchiano, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432923", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339228, "pmcid": "PMC7197615", "title": "Interactive web-based graphs of novel coronavirus COVID-19 cases and deaths per population by country.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Idogawa, Masashi", "Tange, Shoichiro", "Nakase, Hiroshi", "Tokino, Takashi"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339228", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An accurate grasp of COVID-19 situation is considered highly important. The website we launched provides graphs of COVID-19 cases and deaths per one million population over time including trajectory analysis, and one can easily grasp the COVID-19 trend and adequately compare the situation between countries through this interactive graph system."}, {"pmid": 32093043, "pmcid": "PMC7073711", "title": "Risk Assessment of Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Outbreaks Outside China.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Boldog, Peter", "Tekeli, Tamas", "Vizi, Zsolt", "Denes, Attila", "Bartha, Ferenc A", "Rost, Gergely"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32093043", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We developed a computational tool to assess the risks of novel coronavirus outbreaks outside of China. We estimate the dependence of the risk of a major outbreak in a country from imported cases on key parameters such as: (i) the evolution of the cumulative number of cases in mainland China outside the closed areas; (ii) the connectivity of the destination country with China, including baseline travel frequencies, the effect of travel restrictions, and the efficacy of entry screening at destination; and (iii) the efficacy of control measures in the destination country (expressed by the local reproduction number R loc ). We found that in countries with low connectivity to China but with relatively high R loc , the most beneficial control measure to reduce the risk of outbreaks is a further reduction in their importation number either by entry screening or travel restrictions. Countries with high connectivity but low R loc benefit the most from policies that further reduce R loc . Countries in the middle should consider a combination of such policies. Risk assessments were illustrated for selected groups of countries from America, Asia, and Europe. We investigated how their risks depend on those parameters, and how the risk is increasing in time as the number of cases in China is growing."}, {"pmid": 32438521, "title": "Update on clinical outcomes of women with COVID-19 during pregnancy.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Zeng, Yingchun", "Lin, Lin", "Yan, Qiaoyuan", "Wei, Wei", "Xiang Yang, Bing", "Huang, Run", "He, Fang", "Chen, Dunjin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438521", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442030, "title": "CT Features of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in 30 Pediatric Patients.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Steinberger, Sharon", "Lin, Bin", "Bernheim, Adam", "Chung, Michael", "Gao, Yuantong", "Xie, Zongyu", "Zhao, Tongtong", "Xia, Junli", "Mei, Xueyan", "Little, Brent P"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442030", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to characterize the CT findings of 30 children from mainland China who had laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Although recent American College of Radiology recommendations assert that CT should not be used as a screening or diagnostic tool for patients with suspected COVID-19, radiologists should be familiar with the imaging appearance of this disease to identify its presence in patients undergoing CT for other reasons. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We retrospectively reviewed the CT findings and clinical symptoms of 30 pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were seen at six centers in China from January 23, 2020, to February 8, 2020. Patient age ranged from 10 months to 18 years. Patients older than 18 years of age or those without chest CT examinations were excluded. Two cardiothoracic radiologists and a cardiothoracic imaging fellow characterized and scored the extent of lung involvement. Cohen kappa coefficient was used to calculate interobserver agreement between the readers. RESULTS. Among children, CT findings were often negative (77%). Positive CT findings seen in children included ground-glass opacities with a peripheral lung distribution, a crazy paving pattern, and the halo and reverse halo signs. There was a correlation between increasing age and increasing severity of findings, consistent with reported symptomatology in children. Eleven of 30 patients (37%) underwent follow-up chest CT, with 10 of 11 examinations (91%) showing no change, raising questions about the utility of CT in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 in children. CONCLUSION. The present study describes the chest CT findings encountered in children with COVID-19 and questions the utility of CT in the diagnosis and management of pediatric patients."}, {"pmid": 32129667, "title": "Breastfeeding and Respiratory Antivirals: Coronavirus and Influenza.", "journal": "Breastfeed Med", "authors": ["Anderson, Philip O"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129667", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451194, "pmcid": "PMC7200381", "title": "Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure Reduces Conventional Imaging and Health Care Provider Exposure to COVID-19.", "journal": "Ultrasound Med Biol", "authors": ["Mongodi, Silvia", "Orlando, Anita", "Arisi, Eric", "Tavazzi, Guido", "Santangelo, Erminio", "Caneva, Luca", "Pozzi, Marco", "Pariani, Eleonora", "Bettini, Giada", "Maggio, Giuseppe", "Perlini, Stefano", "Preda, Lorenzo", "Iotti, Giorgio Antonio", "Mojoli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451194", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung ultrasound gained a leading position in the last year as an imaging technique for the assessment and management of patients with acute respiratory failure. In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), its role may be of further importance because it is performed bedside and may limit chest X-ray and the need for transport to radiology for computed tomography (CT) scan. Since February 21, we progressively turned into a coronavirus-dedicated intensive care unit and applied an ultrasound-based approach to avoid traditional imaging and limit contamination as much as possible. We performed a complete daily examination with lung ultrasound score computation and systematic search of complications (pneumothorax, ventilator-associated pneumonia); on-duty physicians were free to perform CT or chest X-ray when deemed indicated. We compared conventional imaging exams performed in the first 4 wk of the COVID-19 epidemic with those in the same time frame in 2019: there were 84 patients in 2020 and 112 in 2019; 64 and 22 (76.2% vs. 19.6%, p < 0.001) had acute respiratory failure, respectively, of which 55 (85.9%) were COVID-19 in 2020. When COVID-19 patients in 2020 were compared with acute respiratory failure patients in 2019, the median number of chest X-rays was 1.0 (1.0-2.0) versus 3.0 (1.0-4.0) (p\u202f=\u202f0.0098); 2 patients 2 (3.6%) versus 7 patients (31.8%) had undergone at least one thoracic CT scan (p\u202f=\u202f0.001). A self-imposed ultrasound-based approach reduces the number of chest X-rays and thoracic CT scans in COVID-19 patients compared with patients with standard acute respiratory failure, thus reducing the number of health care providers exposed to possible contamination and sparing personal protective equipment."}, {"pmid": 32411552, "pmcid": "PMC7217591", "title": "Radiological Findings in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Fatima, Sahar", "Ratnani, Iqbal", "Husain, Maha", "Surani, Salim"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411552", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After its origin in Wuhan, China, coronavirus related respiratory illness spread across the globe, being declared as a pandemic by WHO on March 13, 2020. Because it is acquired via respiratory droplets, community spread is responsible for the recent global crisis. The current diagnostic options include real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and a few serology tests, including but not limited to the recently approved five minutes serology tests. The disease presents as a lower respiratory tract illness. Anecdotal experiences have shown that imaging characteristics are crucial to diagnosis as radiological evidence of disease appears prior to clinical manifestations and tends to evolve over time, which can be useful in predicting the stage of the disease. CT scan is more sensitive than a chest X-ray in highlighting these changes."}, {"pmid": 32390660, "pmcid": "PMC7205668", "title": "Editor in Chief's Introduction to Essays on the Impact of COVID-19 on Work and Workers.", "journal": "J Vocat Behav", "authors": ["Fouad, Nadya A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390660", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246886, "pmcid": "PMC7228388", "title": "COVID-19 transmission through asymptomatic carriers is a challenge to containment.", "journal": "Influenza Other Respir Viruses", "authors": ["Yu, Xingxia", "Yang, Rongrong"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246886", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348048, "title": "[Pediatric impact of COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["L'Huillier, Arnaud G", "Asner, Sandra A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348048", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 are underrepresented during the current COVID-19 outbreak. Unlike other respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 rather infects adults who subsequently infect their children. From recent Chinese and Italian data, children commonly present mild to moderate disease, a large proportion of them being asymptomatic. In particular, children present significantly less fever, cough and pneumonia compared to adults. However, more cases of pneumonia were reported from children infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to those infected with H1N1. No vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been described so far."}, {"pmid": 32468950, "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia misdiagnosed as pulmonary contusion in a child.", "journal": "Br J Hosp Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Bekci, Tumay", "Aslan, Serdar", "Cakir, Ismet M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468950", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424565, "pmcid": "PMC7233672", "title": "Performing Gamma Knife radiosurgery safely during the COVID-19 pandemic: preliminary results from a single center in the Lombardy region in Italy.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Franzini, Andrea", "Attuati, Luca", "Fornari, Maurizio", "Servadei, Franco", "Navarria, Pierina", "Picozzi, Piero"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424565", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526492, "title": "SARS-Cov-2RNA found on particulate matter of Bergamo in Northern Italy: First evidence.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["Setti, Leonardo", "Passarini, Fabrizio", "De Gennaro, Gianluigi", "Barbieri, Pierluigi", "Perrone, Maria Grazia", "Borelli, Massimo", "Palmisani, Jolanda", "Di Gilio, Alessia", "Torboli, Valentina", "Fontana, Francesco", "Clemente, Libera", "Pallavicini, Alberto", "Ruscio, Maurizio", "Piscitelli, Prisco", "Miani, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526492", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The burden of COVID-19 was extremely severe in Northern Italy, an area characterized by high concentrations of particulate matter (PM), which is known to negatively affect human health. Consistently with evidence already available for other viruses, we initially hypothesized the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 presence on PM, and we performed a first experiment specifically aimed at confirming or excluding this research hyphotesys. We have collected 34 PM10 samples in Bergamo area (the epicenter of the Italian COVID-19 epidemic) by using two air samplers over a continuous 3-weeks period. Filters were properly stored and underwent RNA extraction and amplification according to WHO protocols in two parallel blind analyses performed by two different authorized laboratories. Up to three highly specific molecular marker genes (E, N, and RdRP) were used to test the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on particulate matter. The first test showed positive results for gene E in 15 out of 16 samples, simultaneously displaying positivity also for RdRP gene in 4 samples. The second blind test got 5 additional positive results for at least one of the three marker genes. Overall, we tested 34 RNA extractions for the E, N and RdRP genes, reporting 20 positive results for at least one of the three marker genes, with positivity separately confirmed for all the three markers. Control tests to exclude false positivities were successfully accomplished. This is the first evidence that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be present on PM, thus suggesting a possible use as indicator of epidemic recurrence."}, {"pmid": 32427188, "pmcid": "PMC7232065", "title": "Better the drug you know: Commentary on \"Daughton 2020, Natural experiment concept to accelerate the re-purposing of existing therapeutics for Covid-19\".", "journal": "Glob Epidemiol", "authors": ["Broadbent, Alex"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427188", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32143123, "pmcid": "PMC7129486", "title": "Rapid random access detection of the novel SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously 2019-nCoV) using an open access protocol for the Panther Fusion.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Cordes, Anne K", "Heim, Albert"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32143123", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281653, "pmcid": "PMC7262350", "title": "Reply to: \"Reporting of all cardiac medications and their outcome in COVID-19\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cheng, Hao", "Wang, Yan", "Wang, Gui-Qiang"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281653", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287053, "title": "Use of Handheld Transceiver for Hospital Healthcare Workers-Caregiver Communication During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Pediatric Emergency Department.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Curatola, Antonietta", "Ferretti, Serena", "Gatto, Antonio", "Chiaretti, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287053", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32091533, "title": "Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Wu, Zunyou", "McGoogan, Jennifer M"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32091533", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361692, "title": "How the COVID-19 Overcomes the Battle? An Approach to Virus Structure.", "journal": "Iran J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Ahmadpour, Doryaneh", "Ahmadpoor, Pedram"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361692", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses primarily cause zoonotic infections, however in the past few decades several interspecies transmissions have occurred, the last one by SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19 pandemic, posing serious threat to global health. The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein plays an important role in viral attachment, fusion and entry. However, other structural and non-structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins are potential influencers in virus pathogenicity. Among these proteins; Orf3, Orf8, and Orf10 show the least homology to SARSCoV proteins and therefore should be further studied for their abilities to modulate antiviral and inflammatory responses. Here, we discuss how SARS-COV-2 interacts with our immune system."}, {"pmid": 32486811, "title": "Real-time observations of the impact of COVID-19 on underwater noise.", "journal": "J Acoust Soc Am", "authors": ["Thomson, Dugald J M", "Barclay, David R"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486811", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A slowdown in global trade activity due to COVID-19 has led to a reduction in commercial shipping traffic into the Port of Vancouver. The Ocean Networks Canada observatory system provides researchers real-time access to oceanographic data from a wide range of instruments including hydrophones located along the offshore and inshore approaches to Vancouver. Measurements of power spectral density at 100\u2009Hz from four of these bottom mounted hydrophones are presented, along with AIS data and shipping and trade statistics to assess to what extent the economic impact of COVID-19 can be observed acoustically and in near real-time. The quarterly trend in median weekly noise power in the shipping band of frequencies shows that a reduction in noise commensurate with the economic slowdown has been observed at three of the four hydrophone stations."}, {"pmid": 32425691, "pmcid": "PMC7229942", "title": "ISEV and ISCT statement on EVs from MSCs and other cells: considerations for potential therapeutic agents to suppress COVID-19.", "journal": "Cytotherapy", "authors": ["Borger, Verena", "Weiss, Daniel J", "Anderson, Johnathon D", "Borras, Francesc E", "Bussolati, Benedetta", "Carter, David R F", "Dominici, Massimo", "Falcon-Perez, Juan M", "Gimona, Mario", "Hill, Andrew F", "Hoffman, Andrew M", "de Kleijn, Dominique", "Levine, Bruce L", "Lim, Rebecca", "Lotvall, Jan", "Mitsialis, S Alex", "Monguio-Tortajada, Marta", "Muraca, Maurizio", "Nieuwland, Rienk", "Nowocin, Anna", "O'Driscoll, Lorraine", "Ortiz, Luis A", "Phinney, Donald G", "Reischl, Ilona", "Rohde, Eva", "Sanzenbacher, Ralf", "Thery, Clotilde", "Toh, Wei Seong", "Witwer, Kenneth W", "Lim, Sai Kiang", "Giebel, Bernd"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425691", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381130, "pmcid": "PMC7231664", "title": "Coronavirus disease - 2019 assessment zone: A community hospital's rapid response to a novel infectious pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Mohindra, Rohit", "Atlin, Cori", "Moran, Carla", "Shook, Ann", "Ennis, Andrea", "Page, Jennifer", "Vaglica, Marisa", "Hannam, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381130", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335075, "pmcid": "PMC7252044", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Mental Health and Psychological Distress in People with Diabetes during COVID-19.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Sonia", "Mukhtar, Sakina"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335075", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334056, "pmcid": "PMC7175895", "title": "Teledermatology in the wake of COVID-19: Advantages and challenges to continued care in a time of disarray.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Gupta, Rohit", "Ibraheim, Marina K", "Doan, Hung Q"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334056", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354614, "pmcid": "PMC7158811", "title": "[COVID-19 pandemic: Now what?]", "journal": "J Healthc Qual Res", "authors": ["Mira, J J"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354614", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371818, "pmcid": "PMC7236846", "title": "Hypertension and coronavirus disease 2019 mortality.", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Tapia-Orihuela, Ruben Kevin A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371818", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449523, "title": "Digital technology can revolutionize mental health services delivery: The COVID-19 crisis as a catalyst for change.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Taylor, C Barr", "Fitzsimmons-Craft, Ellen E", "Graham, Andrea K"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449523", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The unprecedented COVID-19 crisis presents an imperative for mental health care systems to make digital mental health interventions a routine part of care. Already because of COVID-19, many therapists have rapidly moved to using telehealth in place of in-person contact. In response to this shift, Waller and colleagues compiled a series of expert recommendations to help clinicians pivot to delivering teletherapy to address eating disorders during COVID-19. However, numerous barriers still impede widespread adoption and implementation of digital interventions. In this commentary, we aim to extend the recommendations for clinicians offered by Waller and colleagues by presenting a roadmap of the systems- and policy-level requirements that are needed. We advocate for addressing barriers associated with training, licensing, safety, privacy, payment, and evaluation, as these factors have greatly limited use of these promising interventions. We also indicate that longer-term goals should include introducing truly innovative digital mental health practices, such as stepped-care models and simultaneously providing preventive and self-management services in addition to clinical services, into the health care system. Now is the time to catalyze change and comprehensively address the barriers that have prevented widespread delivery of these efficacious digital services to the millions of people who would benefit."}, {"pmid": 32281130, "pmcid": "PMC7262307", "title": "Editorial: Challenges to Opioid Use Disorders During COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Addict", "authors": ["Sun, Yankun", "Bao, Yanping", "Kosten, Thomas", "Strang, John", "Shi, Jie", "Lu, Lin"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281130", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461612, "pmcid": "PMC7253482", "title": "Vulnerabilities in coronavirus glycan shields despite extensive glycosylation.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Watanabe, Yasunori", "Berndsen, Zachary T", "Raghwani, Jayna", "Seabright, Gemma E", "Allen, Joel D", "Pybus, Oliver G", "McLellan, Jason S", "Wilson, Ian A", "Bowden, Thomas A", "Ward, Andrew B", "Crispin, Max"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461612", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses (CoVs) are zoonotic pathogens with high fatality rates and pandemic potential. Vaccine development focuses on the principal target of the neutralizing humoral immune response, the spike (S) glycoprotein. Coronavirus S proteins are extensively glycosylated, encoding around 66-87 N-linked glycosylation sites per trimeric spike. Here, we reveal a specific area of high glycan density on MERS S that results in the formation of oligomannose-type glycan clusters, which were absent on SARS and HKU1 CoVs. We provide a comparison of the global glycan density of coronavirus spikes with other viral proteins including HIV-1 envelope, Lassa virus glycoprotein complex, and influenza hemagglutinin, where glycosylation plays a known role in shielding immunogenic epitopes. Overall, our data reveal how organisation of glycosylation across class I viral fusion proteins influence not only individual glycan compositions but also the immunological pressure across the protein surface."}, {"pmid": 32407464, "pmcid": "PMC7239211", "title": "Corona Viruses and the Chemical Senses: Past, Present, and Future.", "journal": "Chem Senses", "authors": ["Pellegrino, Robert", "Cooper, Keiland W", "Di Pizio, Antonella", "Joseph, Paule V", "Bhutani, Surabhi", "Parma, Valentina"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407464", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A wealth of rapidly evolving reports suggests that olfaction and taste disturbances may be manifestations of the novel COVID-19 pandemic. While otolaryngological societies worldwide have started to consider chemosensory evaluation as a screening tool for COVID-19 infection, the true nature of the relationship between the changes in chemosensory ability and COVID-19 is unclear. Our goal with this review is to provide a brief overview of published and archived literature, as well as the anecdotal reports and social trends related to this topic up to April 29, 2020. We also aim to draw parallels between the clinical/chemosensory symptomology reported in association to past coronavirus pandemics (such as SARS and MERS) and the novel COVID-19. This review also highlights current evidence on persistent chemosensory disturbances after the infection has resolved. Overall, our analysis pinpoints the need for further studies: 1) to better quantify olfaction and taste disturbances associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared to those of other viral and respiratory infections, 2) to understand the relation between smell, taste, and chemesthesis disturbances in COVID-19, and 3) to understand how persistent are these disturbances after the infection has resolved."}, {"pmid": 32524795, "title": "Hemoptysis in COVID-19: Pulmonary Emboli Should be Ruled Out.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Ozaras, Resat", "Uraz, Suleyman"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524795", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516819, "title": "Audiology in the Time of the Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Am Acad Audiol", "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516819", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451358, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the process and outcome of thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["Yang, Bin", "Wang, Tao", "Chen, Jian", "Chen, Yanfei", "Wang, Yabing", "Gao, Peng", "Li, Guilin", "Chen, Fei", "Li, Long", "Wang, Zheng", "Zhang, Hongqi", "Song, Haiqing", "Ma, Qingfeng", "Jiao, Liqun"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451358", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still spreading across the world. Although the pandemic has an all-round impact on medical work, the degree of its impact on endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is unclear. We continuously included AIS patients with large artery occlusion who underwent EVT in a comprehensive stroke center before and during the Wuhan shutdown. The protected code stroke (PCS) for screening and treating AIS patients was established during the pandemic. The efficacy and safety outcomes including the rate of successful reperfusion (defined as modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) graded 2b or 3) and time intervals for reperfusion were compared between two groups: pre-pandemic and pandemic. A total of 55 AIS patients who received EVT were included. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. The time from hospital arrival to puncture (174 vs 125.5 min; p=0.002) and time from hospital arrival to reperfusion (213 vs 172 min; p=0.047) were significantly prolonged in the pandemic group compared with the pre-pandemic group. The rate of successful reperfusion was not significantly different between the two groups (85.7% (n=18) vs 88.2% (n=30); OR 0.971, 95%\u2009CI 0.785 to 1.203; p=1.000). The results of this study suggest a proper PCS algorithm which combines the COVID-19 screening and protection measures could decrease the impact of the disease on the clinical outcomes of EVT for AIS patients to the lowest extent possible during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32372072, "pmcid": "PMC7239185", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: Considerations and Costs of Telehealth Exercise Programs for Older Adults With Functional Impairments Living at Home-Lessons Learned from a Pilot Case Study.", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Middleton, Addie", "Simpson, Kit N", "Bettger, Janet Prvu", "Bowden, Mark G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372072", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to describe the process and cost of delivering a physical therapist-guided synchronous telehealth exercise program appropriate for older adults with functional limitations. Such programs may help alleviate some of the detrimental impacts of social distancing and quarantine on older adults at-risk of decline. Data were derived from the feasibility arm of a parent study, which piloted the telehealth program for 36 sessions with 1 participant. The steps involved in each phase (ie, development, delivery) were documented, along with participant and program provider considerations for each step. Time-driven activity-based costing was used to track all costs over the course of the study. Costs were categorized as program development or delivery and estimated per session and per participant. A list of the steps and the participant and provider considerations involved in developing and delivering a synchronous telehealth exercise program for older adults with functional impairments was developed. Resources used, fixed and variable costs, per-session cost estimates, and total cost per person were reported. Two potential measures of the \"value proposition\" of this type of intervention were also reported. Per-session cost of $158 appears to be a feasible business case, especially if the physical therapist to trained assistant personnel mix could be improved. The findings provide insight into the process and costs of developing and delivering telehealth exercise programs for older adults with functional impairments. The information presented may provide a \"blue print\" for developing and implementing new telehealth programs or for transitioning in-person services to telehealth delivery during periods of social distancing and quarantine. As movement experts, physical therapists are uniquely positioned to play an important role in the current COVID-19 pandemic and to help individuals who are at risk of functional decline during periods of social distancing and quarantine. Lessons learned from this study's experience can provide guidance on the process and cost of developing and delivering a telehealth exercise program for older adults with functional impairments. The findings also can inform new telehealth programs, as well as assist in transitioning in-person care to a telehealth format in response to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32220207, "title": "Undocumented U.S. Immigrants and Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Page, Kathleen R", "Venkataramani, Maya", "Beyrer, Chris", "Polk, Sarah"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220207", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378842, "title": "COVID-19 with silent hypoxemia.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Ottestad, William", "Seim, Mari", "Maehlen, Jens Otto"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378842", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400074, "pmcid": "PMC7273094", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia in lung transplant recipients: report of two cases.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Cozzi, Emanuele", "Faccioli, Eleonora", "Marinello, Serena", "Loy, Monica", "Congedi, Sabrina", "Calabrese, Fiorella", "Romagnoli, Micaela", "Cattelan, Anna Maria", "Rea, Federico"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400074", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared pandemic since March 2020. In Europe, Italy was the first nation affected by this infection. We report anamnestic data, clinical features, and therapeutic management of 2 lung transplant recipients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. Both patients were in good clinical condition before the infection and were receiving immunosuppression with calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids. Whereas mycophenolate mofetil was withdrawn in both cases, CNI were suspended only in the second patient. The first patient always maintained excellent oxygen saturation throughout hospitalization with no need for additional oxygen therapy. He was discharged with a satisfactory pulmonary function and a complete resolution of radiological and clinical findings. However, at discharge SARS-CoV-2 RNA could still be detected in the nasopharyngeal swab and in the stools. The second patient required mechanical ventilation, had a progressive deterioration of his clinical conditions, and had a fatal outcome. Further insight into SARS-CoV-2 infection is eagerly awaited to improve the outcome of transplant recipients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32471692, "pmcid": "PMC7192117", "title": "The Role of Lung Ultrasound in the Assessment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Zhang, Zhongheng", "Ren, Binbin", "Fan, Haozhe", "Chen, Kun", "Chen, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471692", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393451, "title": "Covid-19: A view from New York.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Macklin, Ruth"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393451", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I live in New York City, identified as the epicenter of the Covid-19 pandemic. My view differs from that of many of the millions living in this large metropolitan area who are poor. I am not rich, but I am privileged: I have a retirement income for which I have saved all my working life and I have no debts. I am isolated in my apartment having food delivered. But what if I require hospitalization, from Covid-19 or another medical condition? New York State has guidelines for allocation of scarce ventilators in times of scarcity. The guidelines reject advanced age as a criterion for triage because it discriminates against the elderly. Other proposals contend that priority should be given to those who have not yet ;lived a full life. Allocation guidelines set a priority on saving the most lives, but hard choices remain within that broadly defined goal. Key words: Covid-19 pandemic, New York epicenter, resource allocation, age-based selection, shortage of ventilators, triage committee."}, {"pmid": 32320004, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Castagnoli, Riccardo", "Votto, Martina", "Licari, Amelia", "Brambilla, Ilaria", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Perlini, Stefano", "Rovida, Francesca", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Marseglia, Gian Luigi"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320004", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current rapid worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection justifies the global effort to identify effective preventive strategies and optimal medical management. While data are available for adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), limited reports have analyzed pediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. To evaluate currently reported pediatric cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. An extensive search strategy was designed to retrieve all articles published from December 1, 2019, to March 3, 2020, by combining the terms coronavirus and coronavirus infection in several electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL), and following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Retrospective cross-sectional and case-control studies, case series and case reports, bulletins, and national reports about the pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. The risk of bias for eligible observational studies was assessed according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guideline. A total of 815 articles were identified. Eighteen studies with 1065 participants (444 patients were younger than\u200910 years, and 553 were aged 10 to 19 years) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the final analysis. All articles reflected research performed in China, except for 1 clinical case in Singapore. Children at any age were mostly reported to have mild respiratory symptoms, namely fever, dry cough, and fatigue, or were asymptomatic. Bronchial thickening and ground-glass opacities were the main radiologic features, and these findings were also reported in asymptomatic patients. Among the included articles, there was only 1 case of severe COVID-19 infection, which occurred in a 13-month-old infant. No deaths were reported in children aged 0 to 9 years. Available data about therapies were limited. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that assesses and summarizes clinical features and management of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The rapid spread of COVID-19 across the globe and the lack of European and US data on pediatric patients require further epidemiologic and clinical studies to identify possible preventive and therapeutic strategies."}, {"pmid": 32471815, "title": "Epinephrine use in COVID-19: friend or foe?", "journal": "Eur J Hosp Pharm", "authors": ["Luo, Pan", "Liu, Dong", "Li, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471815", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32004165, "pmcid": "PMC7147275", "title": "Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Ren, Li-Li", "Wang, Ye-Ming", "Wu, Zhi-Qiang", "Xiang, Zi-Chun", "Guo, Li", "Xu, Teng", "Jiang, Yong-Zhong", "Xiong, Yan", "Li, Yong-Jun", "Li, Xing-Wang", "Li, Hui", "Fan, Guo-Hui", "Gu, Xiao-Ying", "Xiao, Yan", "Gao, Hong", "Xu, Jiu-Yang", "Yang, Fan", "Wang, Xin-Ming", "Wu, Chao", "Chen, Lan", "Liu, Yi-Wei", "Liu, Bo", "Yang, Jian", "Wang, Xiao-Rui", "Dong, Jie", "Li, Li", "Huang, Chao-Lin", "Zhao, Jian-Ping", "Hu, Yi", "Cheng, Zhen-Shun", "Liu, Lin-Lin", "Qian, Zhao-Hui", "Qin, Chuan", "Jin, Qi", "Cao, Bin", "Wang, Jian-Wei"], "date": "2020-02-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32004165", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human infections with zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs), including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, have raised great public health concern globally. Here, we report a novel bat-origin CoV causing severe and fatal pneumonia in humans. We collected clinical data and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens from five patients with severe pneumonia from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Hubei province, China. Nucleic acids of the BAL were extracted and subjected to next-generation sequencing. Virus isolation was carried out, and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees were constructed. Five patients hospitalized from December 18 to December 29, 2019 presented with fever, cough, and dyspnea accompanied by complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Chest radiography revealed diffuse opacities and consolidation. One of these patients died. Sequence results revealed the presence of a previously unknown \u03b2-CoV strain in all five patients, with 99.8% to 99.9% nucleotide identities among the isolates. These isolates showed 79.0% nucleotide identity with the sequence of SARS-CoV (GenBank NC_004718) and 51.8% identity with the sequence of MERS-CoV (GenBank NC_019843). The virus is phylogenetically closest to a bat SARS-like CoV (SL-ZC45, GenBank MG772933) with 87.6% to 87.7% nucleotide identity, but is in a separate clade. Moreover, these viruses have a single intact open reading frame gene 8, as a further indicator of bat-origin CoVs. However, the amino acid sequence of the tentative receptor-binding domain resembles that of SARS-CoV, indicating that these viruses might use the same receptor. A novel bat-borne CoV was identified that is associated with severe and fatal respiratory disease in humans."}, {"pmid": 32392759, "title": "Marine Algal Antioxidants as Potential Vectors for Controlling Viral Diseases.", "journal": "Antioxidants (Basel)", "authors": ["Sansone, Clementina", "Brunet, Christophe", "Noonan, Douglas M", "Albini, Adriana"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392759", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 epidemic expands in the world, and with the previous SARS epidemic, avian flu, Ebola and AIDS serving as a warning, biomedical and biotechnological research has the task to find solutions to counteract viral entry and pathogenesis. A novel approach can come from marine chemodiversity, recognized as a relevant source for developing a future natural \"antiviral pharmacy\". Activities of antioxidants against viruses can be exploited to cope with human viral infection, from single individual infections to protection of populations. There is a potentially rich and fruitful reservoir of such compounds thanks to the plethora of bioactive molecules and families present in marine microorganisms. The aim of this communication is to present the state-of-play of what is known on the antiviral activities recognized in (micro)algae, highlighting the different molecules from various algae and their mechanisms of actions, when known. Given the ability of various algal molecules-mainly sulfated polysaccharides-to inhibit viral infection at Stage I (adsorption and invasion of cells), we envisage a need to further investigate the antiviral ability of algae, and their mechanisms of action. Given the advantages of microalgal production compared to other organisms, the opportunity might become reality in a short period of time."}, {"pmid": 32366375, "title": "Management of respiratory failure due to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wilcox, Susan R"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366375", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360580, "pmcid": "PMC7192119", "title": "Liu Shen capsule shows antiviral and anti-inflammatory abilities against novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 via suppression of NF-kappaB signaling pathway.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Ma, Qinhai", "Pan, Weiqi", "Li, Runfeng", "Liu, Bin", "Li, Chufang", "Xie, Yuqi", "Wang, Zhoulang", "Zhao, Jin", "Jiang, Haiming", "Huang, Jicheng", "Shi, Yongxia", "Dai, Jun", "Zheng, Kui", "Li, Xiaobo", "Yang, Zifeng"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360580", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide through person-to-person contact, causing a public health emergency of international concern. At present, there is no specific antiviral treatment recommended for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Liu Shen capsule (LS), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been proven to have a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. However, little is known about the antiviral effect of LS against SARS-CoV-2. Herein, the study was designed to investigate the antiviral activity of SARS-CoV-2 and its potential effect in regulating the host's immune response. The inhibitory effect of LS against SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells was evaluated by using the cytopathic effect (CPE) and plaque reduction assay. The number of virions of SARS-CoV-2 was observed under transmission electron microscope after treatment with LS. Proinflammatory cytokine expression levels upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in Huh-7 cells were measured by real-time quantitative PCR assays. The results showed that LS could significantly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells, and reduce the number of virus particles and it could markedly reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, IL-8, CCL-2/MCP-1 and CXCL-10/IP-10) production at the mRNA levels. Moreover, the expression of the key proteins in the NF-\u03baB/MAPK signaling pathway was detected by western blot and it was found that LS could inhibit the expression of p-NF-\u03baB p65, p-I\u03baB\u03b1 and p-p38 MAPK, while increasing the expression of I\u03baB\u03b1. These findings indicate that LS could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 virus infection via downregulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced virus and regulating the activity of NF-\u03baB/MAPK signaling pathway in vitro, making its promising candidate treatment for controlling COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32220878, "title": "Covid-19: Lack of PPE in care homes is risking spread of virus, leaders warn.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220878", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425002, "pmcid": "PMC7210103", "title": "Comparison of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with and without Wuhan exposure history in Zhejiang Province, China.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Lian, Jiang-Shan", "Cai, Huan", "Hao, Shao-Rui", "Jin, Xi", "Zhang, Xiao-Li", "Zheng, Lin", "Jia, Hong-Yu", "Hu, Jian-Hua", "Zhang, Shan-Yan", "Yu, Guo-Dong", "Gu, Jue-Qing", "Ye, Chan-Yuan", "Jin, Ci-Liang", "Lu, Ying-Feng", "Sheng, Ji-Fang", "Yang, Yi-da"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425002", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first identified in Wuhan, China, has been rapidly spreading around the world. This study investigates the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Zhejiang Province who did or did not have a history of Wuhan exposure. We collected data from medical records of confirmed COVID-19 patients in Zhejiang Province from Jan. 17 to Feb. 7, 2020 and analyzed epidemiological, clinical, and treatment data of those with and without recorded recent exposure in Wuhan. Patients in the control group were older than those in the exposure group ((48.19\u00b116.13) years vs. (43.47\u00b113.12) years, P<0.001), and more were over 65 years old (15.95% control vs. 5.60% exposure, P<0.001). The rate of clustered onset was also significantly higher in the control group than in the exposure group (31.39% vs. 18.66%, P<0.001). The symptom of a sore throat in patients in the exposure group was significantly higher than that in the control group (17.30% vs. 10.89%, P=0.01); however, headache in the exposure group was significantly lower than that in the control group (6.87% vs. 12.15%, P=0.015). More patients in the exposure group had a significantly lower level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in any degree of COVID-19 including mild, severe, and critical between the two groups. From the perspective of epidemiological and clinical characteristics, there was no significant difference between COVID-19 patients with and without Wuhan exposure history."}, {"pmid": 32409727, "pmcid": "PMC7224587", "title": "Managing hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Hum Hypertens", "authors": ["Nadar, Sunil K", "Tayebjee, Muzahir H", "Stowasser, Michael", "Byrd, James Brian"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409727", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442932, "title": "[COVID-19 experience in a private institution in Buenos Aires during the first month of the pandemic: 26 cases].", "journal": "Medicina (B Aires)", "authors": ["Wainer, Pedro", "Saavedra, Federico", "Tagliapietra, Valeria", "Abeledo, Daiana", "Migliore, Daniela", "Lapadula, Pablo", "Pryluka, Daniel", "Lopez Macchi, Gonzalo", "Diez, Eduardo", "Gnocchi, Cesar"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442932", "countries": ["Italy", "Argentina"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Argentina was reported in Buenos Aires on March 3rd, 2020, in a patient who arrived from Milan. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and course of illness of patients infected with Covid-19 that were hospitalized in a private clinical setting during March 2020. Sixty three patients suspected of COVID-19 infection, were admitted to our hospital during March 2020. Twenty six of these subjects were diagnosed positive by the RT-PCR for SARS Cov-2 in a nasopharyngeal swab specimen. We recorded data about epidemiological characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, in addition to comorbidities, laboratory and radiological studies were done. The median age was 40 years (SD \u00b1 15 years); there was an equal number of men and women; all the patients but one were coming from abroad; the most common symptom was fever (24/26 cases) and lymphopenia (n = 8). We found that there were patients in whom fever disappeared within the first 72h (n = 17) and another group in which the fever lasted six or more days (n = 7). One patient out of 26 died. The population of our study was young and almost all were imported cases, in alinement with the stage of the epidemic at the time when the study was conducted. We observed that there were two patterns in the fever curve but the persistence of it did not lead to a worse prognosis. Larger population studies are required in order to confirm these clinical findings."}, {"pmid": 32382873, "pmcid": "PMC7203261", "title": "Covid-19 and drug therapy, what we learned.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharm", "authors": ["Provenzani, Alessio", "Polidori, Piera"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382873", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the disease associated in December 2019 with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, was observed for the first time in China and then spread worldwide becoming pandemic. Currently, there is still no licensed specific antiviral treatment for the human coronavirus disease and a vaccine will not be ready soon. However, based on experience from the use of other antiviral agents to treat similar virusses, some treatment options have been tried with some efficacy. Clinical trials for future therapies are still ongoing. In the meantime, prevention, control, active communication and investment in research are the only ways to overcome this challenge."}, {"pmid": 32404898, "pmcid": "PMC7220586", "title": "Diabetes and COVID-19: evidence, current status and unanswered research questions.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Gupta, Ritesh", "Hussain, Akhtar", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404898", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with diabetes who get coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at risk of a severe disease course and mortality. Several factors especially the impaired immune response, heightened inflammatory response and hypercoagulable state contribute to the increased disease severity. However, there are many contentious issues about which the evidence is rather limited. There are some theoretical concerns about the effects of different anti-hyperglycaemic drugs. Similarly, despite the recognition of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), and the role of ACE2 in lung injury; there are conflicting results with the use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) in these patients. Management of patients with diabetes in times of restrictions on mobility poses some challenges and novel approaches like telemedicine can be useful. There is a need to further study the natural course of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes and to understand the individual, regional and ethnic variations in disease prevalence and course."}, {"pmid": 32330565, "pmcid": "PMC7194523", "title": "Donning a New Approach to the Practice of Gastroenterology: Perspectives From the COVID-19 Pandemic Epicenter.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Sethi, Amrita", "Swaminath, Arun", "Latorre, Melissa", "Behin, Daniel S", "Jodorkovsky, Daniela", "Calo, Delia", "Aroniadis, Olga", "Mone, Anjali", "Mendelsohn, Robin B", "Sharaiha, Reem Z", "Gonda, Tamas A", "Khanna, Lauren G", "Bucobo, Juan Carlos", "Nagula, Satish", "Ho, Sammy", "Carr-Locke, David L", "Robbins, David H"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330565", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic seemingly is peaking now in New York City and has triggered significant changes to the standard management of gastrointestinal diseases. Priorities such as minimizing viral transmission, preserving personal protective equipment, and freeing hospital beds have driven unconventional approaches to managing gastroenterology (GI) patients. Conversion of endoscopy units to COVID units and redeployment of GI fellows and faculty has profoundly changed the profile of most GI services. Meanwhile, consult and procedural volumes have been reduced drastically. In this review, we share our collective experiences regarding how we have changed our practice of medicine in response to the COVID surge. Although we review our management of specific consults and conditions, the overarching theme focuses primarily on noninvasive measures and maximizing medical therapies. Endoscopic procedures have been reserved for those timely interventions that are most likely to be therapeutic. The role of multidisciplinary discussion, although always important, now has become critical. The support of our faculty and trainees remains essential. Local leadership can encourage well-being by frequent team check-ins and by fostering trainee development through remote learning. Advancing a clear vision and a transparent process for how to organize and triage care in the recovery phase will allow for a smooth transition to our new normal."}, {"pmid": 32267998, "pmcid": "PMC7262152", "title": "Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment for COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): A case series.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Wang, Janice", "Hajizadeh, Negin", "Moore, Ernest E", "McIntyre, Robert C", "Moore, Peter K", "Veress, Livia A", "Yaffe, Michael B", "Moore, Hunter B", "Barrett, Christopher D"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267998", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A prothrombotic coagulopathy is commonly found in critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A unique feature of COVID-19 respiratory failure is a relatively preserved lung compliance and high Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, with pathology reports consistently demonstrating diffuse pulmonary microthrombi on autopsy, all consistent with a vascular occlusive etiology of respiratory failure rather than the more classic findings of low-compliance in ARDS. The COVID-19 pandemic is overwhelming the world's medical care capacity with unprecedented needs for mechanical ventilators and high rates of mortality once patients progress to needing mechanical ventilation, and in many environments including in parts of the United States the medical capacity is being exhausted. Fibrinolytic therapy has previously been used in a Phase 1 clinical trial that led to reduced mortality and marked improvements in oxygenation. Here we report a series of three patients with severe COVID-19 respiratory failure who were treated with tissue plasminogen activator. All three patients had a temporally related improvement in their respiratory status, with one of them being a durable response."}, {"pmid": 32227757, "title": "Developing Covid-19 Vaccines at Pandemic Speed.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Lurie, Nicole", "Saville, Melanie", "Hatchett, Richard", "Halton, Jane"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227757", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401346, "pmcid": "PMC7272904", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 immunogenicity at the crossroads.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Karamloo, Fariba", "Konig, Renate"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401346", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474640, "pmcid": "PMC7261040", "title": "Letter: Neurosurgery at war with the COVID-19 pandemic: patient's management from an African neurosurgical center.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Lakhdar, Faycal", "Benzagmout, Mohammed"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474640", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364126, "pmcid": "PMC7165283", "title": "Will neurological care change over the next 5 years due to the COVID-19 pandemic? Key informant consensus survey.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Matias-Guiu, J", "Matias-Guiu, J A", "Alvarez-Sabin, J", "Ramon Ara, J", "Arenillas, J", "Casado-Naranjo, I", "Castellanos, M", "Jimenez-Hernandez, M D", "Lainez-Andres, J M", "Moral, E", "Morales, A", "Rodriguez-Antiguedad, A", "Segura, T", "Serrano-Castro, P", "Diez-Tejedor, E"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic will give rise to long-term changes in neurological care, which are not easily predictable. A key informant survey was used to enquire about the changes expected in the specialty over the next 5 years. The survey was completed by heads of neurology departments with broad knowledge of the situation, having been active during the pandemic. Despite a low level of consensus between participants, there was strong (85%) and moderate consensus (70%) about certain subjects, mainly the increase in precautions to be taken, the use of telemedicine and teleconsultations, the reduction of care provided in in-person consultations to avoid the presence of large numbers of people in waiting rooms, the development of remote training solutions, and the changes in monitoring visits during clinical trials. There was consensus that there would be no changes to the indication of complementary testing or neurological examination. The key informant survey identified the foreseeable changes in neurological care after the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32363253, "pmcid": "PMC7194060", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Hospitalized Patients with Kidney Disease.", "journal": "Kidney Int Rep", "authors": ["Trujillo, Hernando", "Caravaca-Fontan, Fernando", "Sevillano, Angel", "Gutierrez, Eduardo", "Caro, Jara", "Gutierrez, Elena", "Yuste, Claudia", "Andres, Amado", "Praga, Manuel"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363253", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393664, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine in Patients with Rheumatic Disease Complicated by COVID-19: Clarifying Target Exposures and the Need for Clinical Trials.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Balevic, Stephen J", "Hornik, Christoph P", "Green, Thomas P", "Clowse, Megan E B", "Gonzalez, Daniel", "Maharaj, Anil R", "Schanberg, Laura E", "Eudy, Amanda M", "Swamy, Geeta K", "Hughes, Brenna L", "Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393664", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To characterize hydroxychloroquine exposure in patients with rheumatic disease receiving long-term hydroxychloroquine compared to target concentrations with reported antiviral activity against the 2019 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated total hydroxychloroquine concentrations in serum and plasma from published literature values, frozen serum samples from a pediatric lupus trial, and simulated concentrations using a published pharmacokinetic model during pregnancy. For each source, we compared observed or predicted hydroxychloroquine concentrations to target concentrations with reported antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The average total serum/plasma hydroxychloroquine concentrations were below the lowest SARS-CoV-2 target of 0.48 mg/L in all studies. Assuming the highest antiviral target exposure (total plasma concentration of 4.1 mg/L), all studies had approximately one-tenth the necessary concentration for in-vitro viral inhibition. Pharmacokinetic model simulations confirmed that pregnant adults receiving common dosing for rheumatic diseases did not achieve target exposures; however, the models predict that a dosage of 600 mg once a day during pregnancy would obtain the lowest median target exposure for most patients after the first dose. We found that the average patient receiving treatment with hydroxychloroquine for rheumatic diseases, including children and non-pregnant/pregnant adults, are unlikely to achieve total serum or plasma concentrations shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in-vitro. Nevertheless, patients receiving hydroxychloroquine long-term may have tissue concentrations far exceeding that of serum/plasma. Because the therapeutic window for hydroxychloroquine in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 is unknown, well-designed clinical trials that include patients with rheumatic disease are urgently needed to characterize the efficacy, safety, and target exposures for hydroxychloroquine."}, {"pmid": 32387534, "pmcid": "PMC7202833", "title": "Dietary management of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Groetch, Marion", "Durban, Raquel", "Meyer, Rosan", "Venter, Carina", "Nowak-Wegrzyn, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387534", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32214231, "pmcid": "PMC7095230", "title": "COVID-19: faecal-oral transmission?", "journal": "Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Hindson, Jordan"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32214231", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470408, "pmcid": "PMC7250550", "title": "The neurological impact of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Neurol", "authors": ["The Lancet Neurology"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470408", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461101, "pmcid": "PMC7207107", "title": "Covid-19 and the documented failure of the American illness profit system - We have to stop treating our doctors, nurses, healthcare workers, and ourselves this way.", "journal": "Explore (NY)", "authors": ["Schwartz, Stephan A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461101", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409976, "pmcid": "PMC7221337", "title": "Follow-up of skin lesions during the evolution of COVID-19: a case report.", "journal": "Arch Dermatol Res", "authors": ["de Medeiros, Vanessa Lucilia Silveira", "Silva, Lucas Fagundes Teixeira"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409976", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The disease caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) has many systemic manifestations affecting the upper airways, lungs, gastrointestinal tract and inducing hematological repercussions. With the evolution of the pandemic, skin lesions were observed. However, there is little information\u00a0about the evolution of the lesions at this moment. The authors report a case of a patient who had more than one exposure to the coronavirus during the evolution of the disease and manifested different types of edematous lesions. The lesions started in the prodromal period and changed their presentation and localization during the evolution of COVID-19. The lesions regressed quickly with the use of corticoid cream and antihistamine. Viral skin lesions are frequent causes of exanthema. However, viral etiology is not always investigated in acute urticarial and atypical erythematous-edematous conditions. The immunological basis of acute urticaria has points in common with COVID-19, justifying the appearance of lesions. Investigation of viral etiology should always be remembered in acute urticarial and edematous conditions."}, {"pmid": 32223716, "title": "Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19 Disease.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Jamil, Shazia", "Mark, Nick", "Carlos, Graham", "Cruz, Charles S Dela", "Gross, Jane E", "Pasnick, Susan"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223716", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339038, "title": "ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Care and COVID-19: The Value Proposition of Fibrinolytic Therapy and the Pharmacoinvasive Strategy.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Bainey, Kevin R", "Bates, Eric R", "Armstrong, Paul W"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339038", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510123, "title": "Letter to the Editor: The Role of a Geriatrician Has Become Even More Important in an Academic Institution during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Merchant, R A", "Chen, M Z", "Ng, S E", "Sandrasageran, S", "Wong, B L L"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510123", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400858, "pmcid": "PMC7239257", "title": "Are Patients With Alcohol Use Disorders at Increased Risk for Covid-19 Infection?", "journal": "Alcohol Alcohol", "authors": ["Testino, Gianni"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400858", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449883, "title": "Loss of Smell and Taste in 2013 European Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "Hans, Stephane", "Barillari, Maria Rosaria", "Jouffe, Lionel", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449883", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476778, "pmcid": "PMC7235590", "title": "Orthopaedic Walk-In Clinics: A model to lessen the burden on Emergency Departments during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Orthop", "authors": ["MacKechnie, Madeline C", "Nadeau, Molly", "Deering, Ericka", "Thaller, John", "MacKechnie, Michael A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476778", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Operating duties for orthopaedic surgeons decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, while Emergency Department (ED) cases surged. Orthopaedic Walk-In Clinics (OWICs) were implemented to manage urgent musculoskeletal cases. OWICs, organized in three days, were staffed by one orthopaedic surgeon, one triage person, three medical assistants, and a physician assistant/nurse practitioner. Musculoskeletal non-emergency ED referrals decreased by 40.6% (p\u00a0<\u00a00.001) after initiation of the OWICs, allowing optimal use of resources to address the COVID-19 surge. This paper describes the OWIC model and its preliminary impact. The OWICs could serve as a template for other orthopaedic departments during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32389590, "pmcid": "PMC7205667", "title": "COVID-19: Unanswered questions on immune response and pathogenesis.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Maggi, Enrico", "Canonica, Giorgio Walter", "Moretta, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389590", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 has rapidly increased in pandemic scale since it first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. In these troubled days the scientific community is asking for rapid replies to prevent and combat the emergency. It is generally accepted that only achieving a better understanding of the interactions between the virus and the host immune response and of the pathogenesis of infection is crucial to identify valid therapeutic tools to control virus entry, replication, and spread as well as to impair its lethal effects. On the basis of recent research progress of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the results on previous coronaviruses, in this contribution we underscore some of the main unsolved problems, mostly focusing on pathogenetic aspects and host immunity to the virus. On this basis, we also touch important aspects regarding the immune response in asymptomatic subjects, the immune evasion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in severe patients, and differences in disease severity by age and sex."}, {"pmid": 32478543, "title": "Preloss grief in family members of COVID-19 patients: Recommendations for clinicians and researchers.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Singer, Jonathan", "Spiegel, Jamie A", "Papa, Anthony"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478543", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Researchers have long examined grief-related reactions to the diagnosis of a loved one with a terminal illness, including preloss grief (PLG), which is the experience of grief symptoms prior to the loss of a loved one. Families face novel challenges when loved ones with COVID-19 become critically ill-most notably mandated physical separation-and may experience a wide range of PLG responses. This commentary examines the existing literature related to PLG as a means for understanding the psychological impact of COVID-19 deaths, identifies factors professionals can assess for and address when working with a family member of COVID-19 patients, and identifies areas for future research related to COVID-19 and PLG. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32108459, "title": "[Treatment strategies of Budd-Chiari syndrome during the epidemic period of 2019 coronavirus disease].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, L H", "Zhang, G", "Dang, X W", "Li, L"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108459", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prevention and control about the situation of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are grim at present. In addition to supporting the frontline actively, medical workers in general surgery spare no efforts in making good diagnosis and treatment of specialized diseases by optimizing treatment process, providing medical advice online, mastering indications of delayed operation and emergency operation reasonably, etc. Budd-Chiari syndrome is a complex disorder, and severity of the disease varies, serious cases can be life threatening. While fighting the epidemic, medical workers should also ensure the medical needs of patients. However, instead of continuing the traditional treatment, a new management system should be developed. Based on the characteristics of Budd-Chiari syndrome patients in China and our experience, patients are divided into ordinary cases and critical cases, and treatment strategies suitable for the epidemic period of COVID-19 are put forward for reference and discussion by physicians."}, {"pmid": 32475179, "title": "COVID-19 and Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Remote Monitoring: Crocodile Tears or New Opportunity?", "journal": "Expert Rev Med Devices", "authors": ["Russo, Vincenzo", "Nigro, Gerardo", "D'Onofrio, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475179", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515392, "title": "Novel coronavirus disease pandemic and ophthalmologist's perspectives.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Adhi, Mohammad Idrees"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515392", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ophthalmologists are among those healers facing a higher risk of acquiring novel coronavirus disease 2019, called COVID-19, during their professional duties since they have close physical contact with their patients. Some patients with COVID-19 may present with or may develop conjunctivitis during the course of the illness. The ocular secretions and tears have been identified to have positive results to COVID-19 tests and as such could be a source of spread. This review aims at providing the useful guidelines to ophthalmic professionals for their own safety, and safety of their patients based on the available current literature, and also based on personal experience and observations. Literature search was made on PubMed for COVID-19 in relation to ophthalmology in the limited period of the last quarter of 2019 and first quarter of 2020. Research also included access to current guidelines published by various ophthalmic societies. Accordingly, present and future ophthalmic practice patterns need to be modified."}, {"pmid": 32444297, "pmcid": "PMC7204738", "title": "Gun violence during COVID-19 pandemic: Paradoxical trends in New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles and Baltimore.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Sutherland, Mason", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444297", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306047, "pmcid": "PMC7188146", "title": "Antibody Detection and Dynamic Characteristics in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xiang, Fei", "Wang, Xiaorong", "He, Xinliang", "Peng, Zhenghong", "Yang, Bohan", "Zhang, Jianchu", "Zhou, Qiong", "Ye, Hong", "Ma, Yanling", "Li, Hui", "Wei, Xiaoshan", "Cai, Pengcheng", "Ma, Wan-Li"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306047", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been rapidly spreading nationwide and abroad. A serologic test to identify antibody dynamics and response to SARS-CoV-2 was developed. The antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the recombinant nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 at 3-40 days after symptom onset. The gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis was nucleic acid testing for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. The serodiagnostic power of the specific IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was investigated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and consistency rate. The seroconversion of specific IgM and IgG antibodies were observed as early as the 4th day after symptom onset. In the confirmed patients with COVID-19, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and consistency rate of IgM were 77.3% (51/66), 100%, 100%, 80.0%, and 88.1%, and those of IgG were 83.3.3% (55/66), 95.0%, 94.8%, 83.8%, and 88.9 %. In patients with suspected COVID-19, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and consistency rate of IgM were 87.5% (21/24), 100%, 100%, 95.2%, and 96.4%, and those of IgG were 70.8% (17/24), 96.6%, 85.0%, 89.1%, and 88.1%. Both antibodies performed well in serodiagnosis for COVID-19 rely on great specificity. The antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in the middle and later stage of the illness. Antibody detection may play an important role in the diagnosis of COVID-19 as complement approach for viral nucleid acid assays."}, {"pmid": 32317220, "pmcid": "PMC7164894", "title": "The anti-viral facet of anti-rheumatic drugs: Lessons from COVID-19.", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Perricone, Carlo", "Triggianese, Paola", "Bartoloni, Elena", "Cafaro, Giacomo", "Bonifacio, Angelo F", "Bursi, Roberto", "Perricone, Roberto", "Gerli, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317220", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has posed the world at a pandemic risk. Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which causes pneumonia, requires intensive care unit hospitalization in about 10% of cases and can lead to a fatal outcome. Several efforts are currently made to find a treatment for COVID-19 patients. So far, several anti-viral and immunosuppressive or immunomodulating drugs have demonstrated some efficacy on COVID-19 both in vitro and in animal models as well as in cases series. In COVID-19 patients a pro-inflammatory status with high levels of interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-1 receptor (R)A and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 has been demonstrated. Moreover, high levels of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 have been observed in patients requiring intensive-care-unit hospitalization. This provided rationale for the use of anti-rheumatic drugs as potential treatments for this severe viral infection. Other agents, such as hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine might have a direct anti-viral effect. The anti-viral aspect of immunosuppressants towards a variety of viruses has been known since long time and it is herein discussed in the view of searching for a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32396963, "title": "SARS-2 Coronavirus-Associated Hemostatic Lung Abnormality in COVID-19: Is It Pulmonary Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism?", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Thachil, Jecko", "Srivastava, Alok"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396963", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335406, "pmcid": "PMC7175870", "title": "Factors associated with negative conversion of viral RNA in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Hu, Xiaowen", "Xing, Yuhan", "Jia, Jing", "Ni, Wei", "Liang, Jiwei", "Zhao, Dan", "Song, Xin", "Gao, Ruqin", "Jiang, Fachun"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335406", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Factors associated with negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in hospitalized patients have not yet been systematically determined. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients in Qingdao, China. Both univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify independent factors for time to viral RNA negative conversion. Data on patients with re-detectable viral RNA after showing negative on RT-PCR test (intermittent negative status) were also analyzed. A total of 59 patients confirmed with COVID-19 were included in this study, with a median duration of 1 (interquartile range, IQR: 0-2) day from symptom onset to hospital admission. Median communicable period (from first day of positive nucleic acid test to first day of consecutive negative results) was 14 (IQR: 10-18) days, and 7 (IQR: 6-10) days for 10 patients with intermittent negative results. Age older than 45\u00a0years (hazard ratio, HR: 0.378; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.205-0.698) and chest tightness (HR: 0.290; 95%CI: 0.091-0.919) were factors indecently affecting negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Headache (odds ratio: 7.553; 95%CI: 1.011-28.253) was significantly associated with intermittent negative status, with a predicted probability of 60%. Older age and chest tightness were independently associated with delayed clearance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in hospitalized patients. These predictors would provide a new perspective on early identification of patients with prolonged viral shedding and facilitate optimal isolation protocols and treatment strategies."}, {"pmid": 32534022, "title": "COVID-19 and allergen immunotherapy: theoretical benefits invite to adjustments in practice recommendations.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Larenas-Linnemann, Desiree", "Rodriguez-Perez, Noel", "Ortega-Martell, Jose Antonio", "Vijil, Virginia Blandon", "Luna-Pech, Jorge A"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534022", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446195, "pmcid": "PMC7239782", "title": "Interactions of recommended COVID-19 drugs with commonly used psychotropics.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Seshadri Sekhar", "Malathesh, Barikar C", "Das, Soumitra", "Singh, Om Prakash"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446195", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469483, "title": "Screening for Covid-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities. Reply.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hatfield, Kelly M", "Reddy, Sujan C", "Jernigan, John A"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469483", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461261, "title": "Pediatric Palliative Care in a Pandemic: Role Obligations, Moral Distress, and the Care You Can Give.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Evans, Amanda M", "Jonas, Monique", "Lantos, John"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461261", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many ethical issues arise concerning the care of critically ill and dying patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this issue's Ethics Rounds, we present 2 cases that highlight 2 different sorts of ethical issues. One is focused on the decisions that have to be made when the surge of patients with respiratory failure overwhelm ICUs. The other is focused on the psychological issues that arise for parents who are caring for a dying child when infection-control policies limit the number of visitors. Both of these situations raise challenges for caregivers who are trying to be honest, to deal with their own moral distress, and to provide compassionate palliative care."}, {"pmid": 32268212, "pmcid": "PMC7131471", "title": "Corona (COVID-19) time musings: Our involvement in COVID-19 pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and vaccine planning.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Shoenfeld, Yehuda"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268212", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504967, "pmcid": "PMC7260545", "title": "Novel method of performing brachial plexus block using an aerosol box during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kulkarni, Rammurthy R", "Stephen, Madona", "Shashank, Amrita", "Mandhal, Lavanya N"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504967", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255436, "pmcid": "PMC7240232", "title": "Challenging Times for Children With Transfusion-dependent Thalassemia Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Yadav, Urmila", "Pal, Rimesh"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255436", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315758, "pmcid": "PMC7165285", "title": "The immediate mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among people with or without quarantine managements.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Zhu, Shen", "Wu, Yue", "Zhu, Chun-Yan", "Hong, Wan-Chu", "Yu, Zhi-Xi", "Chen, Zhi-Ke", "Chen, Zhen-Lei", "Jiang, De-Guo", "Wang, Yong-Guang"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315758", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305345, "pmcid": "PMC7161477", "title": "ERCP during the pandemic of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["An, Ping", "Huang, Xu", "Wan, Xinyue", "Xiao, Yong", "Zhang, Jun", "Kang, Jian", "Liu, Jun", "Hu, Dan", "Wang, Yang", "Ren, Haixia", "Chen, Di", "Wang, Xuefen", "Zhou, Zhongyin", "Yu, Honggang"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305345", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338710, "title": "COVID-19 and Risks Posed to Personnel During Endotracheal Intubation.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Weissman, David N", "de Perio, Marie A", "Radonovich, Lewis J Jr"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338710", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345547, "pmcid": "PMC7158782", "title": "Fulminant myocarditis due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Irabien-Ortiz, Angela", "Carreras-Mora, Jose", "Sionis, Alessandro", "Pamies, Julia", "Montiel, Jose", "Tauron, Manel"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345547", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442266, "title": "Barriers to Hospital Electronic Public Health Reporting and Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Holmgren, A Jay", "Apathy, Nate C", "Adler-Milstein, Julia"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442266", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We sought to identify barriers to hospital reporting of electronic surveillance data to local, state, and federal public health agencies and the impact on areas projected to be overwhelmed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using 2018 American Hospital Association data, we identified barriers to surveillance data reporting, and combined this with data on the projected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital capacity at the hospital referral region (HRR) level. Our results find the most common barrier was public health agencies lacked the capacity to electronically receive data, with 41.2% of all hospitals reporting it. We also identified 31 HRRs in the top quartile of projected bed capacity needed for COVID-19 patients in which over half of hospitals in the area reported that the relevant public health agency was unable to receive electronic data. Public health agencies' inability to receive electronic data is the most prominent hospital-reported barrier to effective syndromic surveillance. This reflects the policy commitment of investing in information technology for hospitals without a concomitant investment in IT infrastructure for state and local public health agencies."}, {"pmid": 32374288, "title": "Newborns at risk of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Shah, Malika D", "Saugstad, Ola D"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374288", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329044, "title": "Neurological complications of coronavirus and COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Neurol", "authors": ["Carod-Artal, F J"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329044", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical and experimental studies have shown that the coronavirus family has a certain tropism for the central nervous system. Seven types of coronavirus can infect humans. Coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract, and under certain conditions they can invade the central nervous system and cause neurological pathologies. The potential for neuroinvasion is well documented in most human coronaviruses (OC-43, 229E, MERS and SARS) and in some animal coronaviruses (porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis coronavirus). Neurological symptoms have been reported in patients affected by COVID-19, such as headache, dizziness, myalgia and anosmia, as well as cases of encephalopathy, encephalitis, necrotising haemorrhagic encephalopathy, stroke, epileptic seizures, rhabdomyolysis and Guillain-Barre syndrome, associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future epidemiological studies and case records should elucidate the real incidence of these neurological complications, their pathogenic mechanisms and their therapeutic options."}, {"pmid": 32476231, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic-Can open access modeling give us better answers more quickly?", "journal": "J Appl Clin Med Phys", "authors": ["Beth Allen, Mary", "Mills, Michael", "Mirsaeidi, Mehdi"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476231", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32188590, "title": "Covid-19 exposes weaknesses in European response to outbreaks.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Anderson, Michael", "Mckee, Martin", "Mossialos, Elias"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188590", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217532, "title": "Covid-19: Gilead withdraws orphan drug designation from potential treatment after criticism.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217532", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432682, "title": "Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19: Diagnosis and Management.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Whitcroft, Katherine Lisa", "Hummel, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432682", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32200645, "pmcid": "PMC7233342", "title": "Lung Recruitability in COVID-19-associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Single-Center Observational Study.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Pan, Chun", "Chen, Lu", "Lu, Cong", "Zhang, Wei", "Xia, Jia-An", "Sklar, Michael C", "Du, Bin", "Brochard, Laurent", "Qiu, Haibo"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200645", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346958, "pmcid": "PMC7267380", "title": "The ethical challenges of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the global south and the global north - same and different.", "journal": "Dev World Bioeth", "authors": ["Schuklenk, Udo"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346958", "countries": ["Germany", "Brazil", "United Kingdom", "China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 death toll stands at the time of writing at 163,500. By the time you read this, that number will have increased significantly, and it is likely that we won't have seen the end of it by that time. Policy makers in both the global north as well as the global south rose to the challenge, with decidedly mixed responses as well as decidedly mixed results, as comparisons between reported case loads of, say the UK and Germany or between Brazil and the PR of China, show. Discipline specific responses translated into many global collaborative efforts aimed at developing treatments, modelling of the impact of varying policy options on the continuing pandemic, preventive vaccine trials, and so on and so forth."}, {"pmid": 32496101, "title": "A commentary on moral injury among health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Borges, Lauren M", "Barnes, Sean M", "Farnsworth, Jacob K", "Bahraini, Nazanin H", "Brenner, Lisa A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496101", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although little is known about moral injury in nonmilitary populations, the COVID-19 pandemic has made it clear that moral injury's relevance extends beyond the battlefield. Health care providers are experiencing potentially morally injurious events that may violate their moral code or values, yet almost no research has been conducted on moral injury among health care providers to date. The purpose of this commentary is to describe the relevance of moral injury to health care providers and to spark a dialogue that motivates future research, prevention, and intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32358579, "pmcid": "PMC7193760", "title": "Will helminth co-infection modulate COVID-19 severity in endemic regions?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Bradbury, Richard S", "Piedrafita, David", "Greenhill, Andrew", "Mahanty, Siddhartha"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358579", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506141, "title": "Operational strategies of a trauma hub in early coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Casiraghi, Alessandro", "Domenicucci, Marco", "Cattaneo, Stefano", "Maggini, Emanuele", "Albertini, Fabio", "Avanzini, Stefania", "Pansi Marini, Manuela", "Galante, Claudio", "Guizzi, Pierangelo", "Milano, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506141", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The \"Spedali Civili\", one of the largest hospitals in the Italian region most affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection, is managing a large number of traumatic injuries. The objective of this article is to share our operational protocols to deliver an appropriate hospital trauma care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We changed our work shifts, in consideration of the high number of patients; colleagues from smaller hospitals in the area joined us to increase the number of surgeons available. Thanks to the collaboration between orthopaedists, anaesthesiologists, and nurses, we created a flow chart and separate routes (in the emergency room, in the wards, and in the operating rooms) to optimize patient management. Our protocols allow us to always provide healthcare professionals with the correct personal protective equipment for the task they are performing. Our strategies proved to be practical and feasible. Having a well thought plan helped us to provide for the most robust response possible. We have not yet been able to study the effectiveness of our protocols, and our recommendations may not be applicable to all healthcare facilities. Nonetheless, sharing our early experience can help other institutions conducting and adapting such plans more quickly. Having a clear strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic kept our systems resilient and effective and allowed us to provide high-quality trauma care. We offer this approach for other institutions to adopt and adapt to their local setting."}, {"pmid": 32470212, "title": "Letter to the Editor: Are severe COVID-19 patients more susceptible to conjunctivitis?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Meng", "Dai, Cheng", "Lv, Xiaodong", "Li, Binzhong"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470212", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530494, "title": "Clinical outcomes of 402 patients with COVID-2019 from a single center in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wu, Yingjie", "Guo, Wei", "Liu, Huan", "Qi, Bei", "Liang, Ke", "Xu, Haibo", "Peng, Zhiyong", "Xiao, Shu-Yuan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530494", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has become a pandemic with significant mortality. Published studies describing clinical characteristics of the disease contain small cohorts from individual centers or larger series consisting of mixed series from multiple different hospitals. We report here analyses of mortality and disease severity among 402 patients from a single hospital. The cohort includes 297 patients with confirmed and 105 with clinical diagnosis. The latter group consists of cases with inconclusive nucleic acid test but meeting the criteria for clinical diagnosis. Data are compared between genders and among different age groups. The overall case fatality is 5.2%. However, age at 70 years or older is associated with a significantly higher mortality (17.8%) and higher rate of severe and critical illness (57.5%). Case fatality is 8% in patients 50 years of age or older, and 1.2% in those younger than 50 years. In addition, case fatality is 7.6% in male patients, as opposed to 2.9% in females, demonstrating a clear gender difference. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32362920, "pmcid": "PMC7189267", "title": "Armarium facilitating angina management post myocardial infarction concomitant with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Geriatr Cardiol", "authors": ["Cai, Xiao-Qing", "Jiao, Pi-Qi", "Wu, Tao", "Chen, Fu-Ming", "Han, Bao-Shi", "Zhang, Jiu-Cong", "Xiao, Yong-Jiu", "Chen, Zhi-Feng", "Li, Jun", "Zhao, Yu-Ying", "Ma, Ling", "Liu, Yan", "Shi, Ya-Jun", "Dai, Pei-Jun", "Chen, Yun-Dai"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362920", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326959, "pmcid": "PMC7179373", "title": "High-flow nasal cannula may be no safer than non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Remy, Kenneth E", "Lin, John C", "Verhoef, Philip A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326959", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410757, "pmcid": "PMC7220161", "title": "Where are the ECDC and the EU-wide responses in the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Jordana, Jacint", "Trivino-Salazar, Juan Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516658, "title": "Emergent procedures for oropharyngeal bleeding during the COVID-19 pandemic: Protection of medical staff.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Lee, Dong-Hyun", "Kim, Subin", "Kim, Ji-Sun", "Kim, Byung Guk", "Chang, Ki-Hong", "Park, Jun-Ook"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516658", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During an ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, controlling the oropharyngeal bleeding, such as post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage, with cauterization is considered a very vulnerable procedure for medical staff because of high probability of exposure to aerosolized secretion. The authors aimed to introduce an appropriate treatment protocol for oropharyngeal bleeding that provides first aid to patients while protecting medical staff at high-risk of infection such as COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32382356, "pmcid": "PMC7203542", "title": "Circumnavigating the challenges of COVID-19 in oncology.", "journal": "Memo", "authors": ["Fuereder, Thorsten", "Gunsilius, Eberhard", "Bartsch, Rupert", "Hilbe, Wolfgang"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382356", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505730, "title": "Uncommon presentation of COVID-19: Gastrointestinal bleeding.", "journal": "Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Gulen, Muge", "Satar, Salim"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505730", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has become a pandemic that is threatening global health. The typical clinical manifestations were fever, cough, dyspnea, and myalgia or fatigue. Digestive symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain usually accompany respiratory symptoms. However gastrointestinal bleeding as the first symptom is not reported. Here we reported a case of COVID-19 with gastrointestinal bleeding as the initial symptom to the emergency department with a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test positive, and normal thorax tomography. The case demonstrate that; clinicians should be alerted to patients about COVID-19 when referring to atypical symptoms and every patient undergoing endoscopy should be considered potentially infected or can infect others."}, {"pmid": 32292846, "pmcid": "PMC7103918", "title": "Chinese Health Care Workers and COVID-19: For Whom the Bell Tolls.", "journal": "JACC Basic Transl Sci", "authors": ["Mann, Douglas L"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292846", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437769, "pmcid": "PMC7206435", "title": "The authors reply.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Kissling, Sebastien", "Rotman, Samuel", "Fakhouri, Fadi"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437769", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415313, "pmcid": "PMC7225399", "title": "Clinical features and development of sepsis in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a retrospective analysis of 150 cases outside Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Ren, Di", "Ren, Chao", "Yao, Ren-Qi", "Feng, Yong-Wen", "Yao, Yong-Ming"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415313", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381693, "title": "Beat COVID-19 through innovation.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Azoulay, Pierre", "Jones, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381693", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500923, "title": "Go back to the basics: Cardiac surgery residents at the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Ricciardi, Gabriella", "Biondi, Raoul", "Tamagnini, Gabriele"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500923", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205272, "pmcid": "PMC7270647", "title": "COVID-19: Active measures to support community-dwelling older adults.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kuwahara, Keisuke", "Kuroda, Ai", "Fukuda, Yoshiharu"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246972, "pmcid": "PMC7214862", "title": "Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation: Possible method for respirator disinfection to facilitate reuse during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Hamzavi, Iltefat H", "Lyons, Alexis B", "Kohli, Indermeet", "Narla, Shanthi", "Parks-Miller, Angela", "Gelfand, Joel M", "Lim, Henry W", "Ozog, David M"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246972", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471272, "title": "Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2: A Possible Target in SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-19) Infection?", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Rossi, Francesca", "Tortora, Chiara", "Argenziano, Maura", "Di Paola, Alessandra", "Punzo, Francesca"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471272", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or CoV-19) appeared in Wuhan, China, causing a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 causes mild to severe respiratory tract inflammation, often developing into lung fibrosis with thrombosis in pulmonary small vessels and causing even death. COronaVIrus Disease (COVID-19) patients manifest exacerbated inflammatory and immune responses, cytokine storm, prevalence of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and increased levels of resident and circulating immune cells. Men show higher susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection than women, likely due to estrogens production. The protective role of&nbsp;estrogens, as well as an immune-suppressive activity that limits the excessive inflammation, can be mediated by cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2). The role of this receptor in modulating inflammation and immune response is well documented in fact in several settings. The stimulation of CB2 receptors is known to limit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, shift the macrophage phenotype towards the anti-inflammatory M2 type and enhance the immune-modulating properties of mesenchymal stromal cells. For these reasons, we hypothesize that CB2 receptor can be a therapeutic target in COVID-19 pandemic emergency."}, {"pmid": 32271993, "pmcid": "PMC7262326", "title": "High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Simonnet, Arthur", "Chetboun, Mikael", "Poissy, Julien", "Raverdy, Violeta", "Noulette, Jerome", "Duhamel, Alain", "Labreuche, Julien", "Mathieu, Daniel", "Pattou, Francois", "Jourdain, Merce"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271993", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide, notably in Europe and North America where obesity is highly prevalent. The relation between obesity and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not been fully documented. This retrospective cohort study analyzed the relationship between clinical characteristics, including BMI,\u00a0and the requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in 124 consecutive patients admitted in intensive care for SARS-CoV-2 in a single French center. Obesity (BMI\u2009>\u200930) and severe obesity (BMI\u2009>\u200935) were present in 47.6% and 28.2% of cases, respectively. Overall, 85 patients (68.6%) required IMV. The proportion of patients who required IMV increased with BMI categories (P\u2009<\u20090.01, \u03c72 test for trend), and it was greatest in patients with BMI\u2009>\u200935 (85.7%). In multivariate logistic regression, the need for IMV was significantly associated with male sex (P\u2009<\u20090.05) and BMI (P\u2009<\u20090.05), independent of age, diabetes, and hypertension. The odds ratio for IMV in patients with BMI\u2009>\u200935 versus patients with BMI\u2009<\u200925 was\u00a07.36 (1.63-33.14; P\u2009=\u20090.02). The present study showed a high frequency of obesity among patients admitted in intensive care for SARS-CoV-2. Disease severity increased with BMI. Obesity is a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 severity, requiring increased attention to preventive measures in susceptible individuals."}, {"pmid": 32490559, "title": "Supporting individuals with intellectual and developmental disability during the first 100 days of the COVID-19 outbreak in the USA.", "journal": "J Intellect Disabil Res", "authors": ["Mills, W R", "Sender, S", "Lichtefeld, J", "Romano, N", "Reynolds, K", "Price, M", "Phipps, J", "White, L", "Howard, S", "Poltavski, D", "Barnes, R"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490559", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is unknown how the novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the current acute respiratory illness COVID-19 pandemic that has infected millions of people, affects people with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD). The aim of this study is to describe how individuals with IDD have been affected in the first 100\u00a0days of the COVID-19 pandemic. Shortly after the first COVID-19 case was reported in the USA, our organisation, which provides continuous support for over 11\u00a0000 individuals with IDD, assembled an outbreak committee composed of senior leaders from across the health care organisation. The committee led the development and deployment of a comprehensive COVID-19 prevention and suppression strategy, utilising current evidence-based practice, while surveilling the global and local situation daily. We implemented enhanced infection control procedures across 2400 homes, which were communicated to our employees using multi-faceted channels including an electronic resource library, mobile and web applications, paper postings in locations, live webinars and direct mail. Using custom-built software applications enabling us to track patient, client and employee cases and exposures, we leveraged current public health recommendations to identify cases and to suppress transmission, which included the use of personal protective equipment. A COVID-19 case was defined as a positive nucleic acid test for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. In the 100-day period between 20 January 2020 and 30 April 2020, we provided continuous support for 11\u00a0540 individuals with IDD. Sixty-four per cent of the individuals were in residential, community settings, and 36% were in intermediate care facilities. The average age of the cohort was 46\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012\u00a0years, and 60% were male. One hundred twenty-two individuals with IDD were placed in quarantine for exhibiting symptoms and signs of acute infection such as fever or cough. Sixty-six individuals tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and their average age was 50. The positive individuals were located in 30 different homes (1.3% of total) across 14 states. Fifteen homes have had single cases, and 15 have had more than one case. Fifteen COVID-19-positive individuals were hospitalised. As of 30 April, seven of the individuals hospitalised have been discharged back to home and are recovering. Five remain hospitalised, with three improving and two remaining in intensive care and on mechanical ventilation. There have been three deaths. We found that among COVID-19-positive individuals with IDD, a higher number of chronic medical conditions and male sex were characteristics associated with a greater likelihood of hospitalisation. In the first 100\u00a0days of the COVID-19 outbreak in the USA, we observed that people with IDD living in congregate care settings can benefit from a coordinated approach to infection control, case identification and cohorting, as evidenced by the low relative case rate reported. Male individuals with higher numbers of chronic medical conditions were more likely to be hospitalised, while most younger, less chronically ill individuals recovered spontaneously at home."}, {"pmid": 32269121, "title": "International Expansion of a Novel SARS-CoV-2 Mutant.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Minjin", "Li, Mengjiao", "Ren, Ruotong", "Li, Lifeng", "Chen, En-Qiang", "Li, Weimin", "Ying, Binwu"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269121", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389783, "pmcid": "PMC7206420", "title": "Re: Low-dose corticosteroid therapy does not delay viral clearance in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Jung, Jiwon", "Oh, Dong Kyu", "Ahn, Jee Hwan", "Hong, Sang-Bum", "Sung, Heungsup", "Kim, Mi-Na", "Kim, Sung-Han"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389783", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415893, "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19): Patient experience-Administrative services on the frontline during crisis.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Overton, Judy", "Denton, Kathy", "Frumovitz, Michael", "Lewis, Carol", "Christensen, Sarah", "Bezerra, Jaymesson", "Hernandez, Chris", "Walker, Michele S", "Finder, Janice P", "Proske, Ashlyn A", "Jain, Sanchita", "Whipple, Julai", "Martinez, Wendi L", "Eska, Jarrod S", "Sutherland, Elizabeth W", "Triche, Lisa L", "Garcia, Elizabeth A", "Weber, Randal"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415893", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on care delivery among health care institutions and providers in the United States. As a categorical cancer center, MD Anderson has prioritized care for our patients based on acuity of their disease. We continue to implement measures to protect patients and employees from acquiring the infection within our facilities, and to provide acute management of cancer patients with concomitant COVID-19 infections who are considered at high risk of death. The Division of Patient Experience, formerly established in October 2016, has played an integral role in the institution's pandemic response from its inception. The team actively supported programs and processes in anticipation of the pandemic's effect on our patients and employees. We will describe how the team continues to serve in the ever-dynamic environment as we approach the expected surge in COVID-19 cases among our patient population, our employees, and in our community."}, {"pmid": 32381308, "pmcid": "PMC7252078", "title": "How 3D Printing Can Prevent Spread of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Professionals During Times of Critical Shortage of Protective Personal Equipment.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Maracaja, Luiz", "Blitz, Daina", "Maracaja, Danielle L V", "Walker, Caroline A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381308", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317295, "title": "Covid-19: UK pledges to reintroduce contact tracing to fight virus.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317295", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425657, "pmcid": "PMC7227587", "title": "Evaluation of the COVID19 ID NOW EUA assay.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Mitchell, Stephanie L", "George, Kirsten St"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425657", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused a major surge in needed diagnostic capacity. In response, many EUA assays have become available for clinical laboratories, and more recently, the point of care device, Abbott ID NOW. To determine the analytical performance of the ID NOW assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2. Residual NP samples collected in viral transport media were tested by the ID NOW platform in two independent laboratories. Results were compared to either the CDC or New York EUA assays, which served as reference methods. Overall agreement of ID NOW was 78.7%. Sensitivity was 71.7% and specificity was 100%. Notably, all false-negative results correlated to those samples that were weakly positive. ID NOW performs well for strong and moderately positive samples but has reduced sensitivity for weakly positive samples. This sensitivity, among other concerns, should be taken into consideration when using this test for patients with a low suspicion for COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32475881, "title": "A Case of COVID-19 Patient with False-negative for SARS-CoV-2 of Pharyngeal Swab, from a Chinese traveller Returning from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, January 2020.", "journal": "Jpn J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ishikane, Masahiro", "Miyazato, Yusuke", "Kustuna, Satoshi", "Suzuki, Tetsuya", "Ide, Satoshi", "Nakamura, Keiji", "Morioka, Shinichiro", "Katano, Harutaka", "Suzuki, Tadaki", "Ohmagari, Norio"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475881", "countries": ["Japan", "China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case of patient in Japan with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with false-negative of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 of pharyngeal swab, from a Chinese traveller returning from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. If a patient is clinically or epidemiologically suspected of COVID-19, appropriate infection and prevention control measures such as standard, contact, and droplet precaution are needed until the patient is proven to be true-negative."}, {"pmid": 32373783, "pmcid": "PMC7195113", "title": "The Italian war-like measures to fight coronavirus spreading: Re-open closed hospitals now.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Miani, Alessandro", "Burgio, Ernesto", "Piscitelli, Prisco", "Lauro, Renato", "Colao, Annamaria"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373783", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405236, "pmcid": "PMC7217786", "title": "Comparative review of respiratory diseases caused by coronaviruses and influenza A viruses during epidemic season.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Jiang, Chao", "Yao, Xingang", "Zhao, Yulin", "Wu, Jianmin", "Huang, Pan", "Pan, Chunhua", "Liu, Shuwen", "Pan, Chungen"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405236", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to sweep the world, causing infection of millions and death of hundreds of thousands. The respiratory disease that it caused, COVID-19 (stands for coronavirus disease in 2019), has similar clinical symptoms with other two CoV diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome (SARS and MERS), of which causative viruses are SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively. These three CoVs resulting diseases also share many clinical symptoms with other respiratory diseases caused by influenza A viruses (IAVs). Since both CoVs and IAVs are general pathogens responsible for seasonal cold, in the next few months, during the changing of seasons, clinicians and public heath may have to distinguish COVID-19 pneumonia from other kinds of viral pneumonia. This is a discussion and comparison of the virus structures, transmission characteristics, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, pathological changes, treatment and prevention of the two kinds of viruses, CoVs and IAVs. It hopes to provide information for practitioners in the medical field during the epidemic season."}, {"pmid": 32167525, "title": "From Containment to Mitigation of COVID-19 in the US.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Parodi, Stephen M", "Liu, Vincent X"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167525", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219367, "title": "A Framework for Rationing Ventilators and Critical Care Beds During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["White, Douglas B", "Lo, Bernard"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219367", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32005727, "title": "China coronavirus: WHO declares international emergency as death toll exceeds 200.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-02-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32005727", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255222, "pmcid": "PMC7262235", "title": "Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "J Nurs Manag", "authors": ["Mo, Yuanyuan", "Deng, Lan", "Zhang, Liyan", "Lang, Qiuyan", "Liao, Chunyan", "Wang, Nannan", "Qin, Mingqin", "Huang, Huiqiao"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255222", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the work stress among Chinese nurses who are supporting Wuhan in fighting against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and to explore the relevant influencing factors. The COVID-19 epidemic has posed a major threat to public health. Nurses have always played an important role in infection prevention, infection control, isolation, containment and public health. However, available data on the work stress among these nurses are limited. A cross-sectional survey. An online questionnaire was completed by 180 anti-epidemic nurses from Guangxi. Data collection tools, including the Chinese version of the Stress Overload Scale (SOS) and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), were used. Descriptive single factor correlation and multiple regression analyses were used in exploring the related influencing factors. The SOS (39.91\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.92) and SAS (32.19\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.56) scores of this nurse group were positively correlated (r\u00a0=\u00a00.676, p\u00a0<\u00a0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that only children, working hours per week and anxiety were the main factors affecting nurse stress (p\u00a0=\u00a0.000, .048, .000, respectively). Nurses who fight against COVID-19 were generally under pressure. Nurse leaders should pay attention to the work stress and the influencing factors of the nurses who are fighting against COVID-19 infection, and offer solutions to retain mental health among these nurses."}, {"pmid": 32284571, "title": "Efficacy of remdesivir in a rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Le Bras, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284571", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497297, "title": "Gendered effects on inflammation reaction and outcome of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Qin, Lu", "Li, Xiaochen", "Shi, Jing", "Yu, Muqing", "Wang, Ke", "Tao, Yu", "Zhou, Ying", "Zhou, Min", "Xu, Shuyun", "Wu, Bo", "Yang, Zhenyu", "Zhang, Cong", "Yue, Junqing", "Cheng, Chongsheng", "Liu, Xiansheng", "Xie, Min"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497297", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has turned into a public health emergency of international concern. Epidemiological research showed that gender was associated with the severity of COVID-19, but the underlying mechanism of gender predisposition remains poorly understood. We aim to study the gendered differences in inflammation reaction, and the association with severity and mortality of COVID-19. In this retrospective study, we enrolled 548 COVID-19 inpatients from Tongji Hospital from January 26 to February 5, 2020, and followed up to March 3, 2020. Epidemiological, demographic and clinical features, and inflammatory indexes were collected and compared between males and females. Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to identify gendered effect on mortality of COVID-19 after adjusting age, comorbidity and smoking history. Multiple linear regression method was used to explore the influence of sex on inflammation reaction. Males had higher mortality than females did (22.2% vs. 10.4%), with the HR of 1.923 (95% CI, 1.181-3.130); elder age and comorbidity were significantly associated with decease of COVID-19 patients. Excess inflammation reaction was related to severity of COVID-19. Male patients had greater inflammation reaction, with higher levels of IL-10, TNF-\u03b1, LDH, ferritin and hsCRP, but lower lymphocyte count than females adjusted by age and comorbidity. Gender, age, and comorbidity are critical risk factors for mortality of COVID-19. Excess innate immunity and proinflammation activity, and deficiency in adaptive immunity response promote males especially elder males to develop cytokine storm, causing potential ARDS, multiple organ failure and decease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32352450, "title": "Sniffing out the evidence; It's now time for public health bodies recognize the link between COVID-19 and smell and taste disturbance.", "journal": "Rhinology", "authors": ["Lechien, J R", "Hopkins, C", "Saussez, S"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352450", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of the pandemic, anecdotal observations have been accumulating rapidly that sudden anosmia and dysgeusia are peculiar symptoms associated with the COVID-19 infection. Prof C. Hopkins, as President of British Rhinological Society, published a letter describing \"the loss of sense of smell as a marker of COVID-19 infection\" and proposed that adults presenting with anosmia but no other symptoms should self-isolate for seven days. The Hopkins team published the first case report and case series as well as other evidence that isolated sudden onset anosmia (ISOA), should be considered highly suspicious for SARS-CoV-2(1). Subsequently, a larger series of 2428 patients presenting with new onset anosmia during the COVID-19 pandemic has been reported, of whom 16% report loss of sense of smell as an isolated symptom. Only 51% reported the recognized symptoms of cough or fever. A major limitation of this series however, was a lack of access to testing to confirm the COVID-19 status of the patients(2); in the 80 who had been tested 74% were positive. In the same way, the American Academy of Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (AA0-HNS) proposed \"that anosmia could be added to the list of screening tools for possible COVID-19 infection. More, they warrant serious consideration for self-isolation and testing those patients&quot;."}, {"pmid": 32311047, "pmcid": "PMC7188115", "title": "Following Data as it Crosses Borders During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Plasek, Joseph M", "Tang, Chunlei", "Zhu, Yangyong", "Huang, Yajun", "Bates, David W"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311047", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data changes the game in terms of how we respond to pandemics. Global data on disease trajectories and the effectiveness and economic impact of different social distancing measures are essential to facilitate effective local responses to pandemics. COVID-19 data flowing across geographic borders are extremely useful to public health professionals for many purposes such as accelerating the pharmaceutical development pipeline, and for making vital decisions about intensive care unit rooms, where to build temporary hospitals, or where to boost supplies of personal protection equipment, ventilators, or diagnostic tests. Sharing data enables quicker dissemination and validation of pharmaceutical innovations, as well as improved knowledge of what prevention and mitigation measures work. Even if physical borders around the globe are closed, it is crucial that data continues to transparently flow across borders to enable a data economy to thrive which will promote global public health through global cooperation and solidarity."}, {"pmid": 32516047, "title": "A guide to the NMC emergency standards for nurse education during the current deployment of student nurses.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Leigh, Jacqueline", "Bulpitt, Sam", "Dunn, Joanna", "Fletcher, Julie", "Heggs, Karen", "Hopley, Teresa", "Le Blanc, Carol", "Sigley, Heather"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516047", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) recognises the important contribution that nursing students are making to the national response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article reports on the Greater Manchester Supervision and Delegation Framework, providing practical guidance for students and practice staff (practice supervisor/practice assessor and registered nurse) on how to support student nurses who have opted into a paid (deployed) healthcare role. The framework operationalises NMC emergency standards for Nursing and Midwifery education, enabling students to complete their pre-registration undergraduate or postgraduate nursing programme while also supporting the healthcare workforce (NMC, 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32501789, "title": "Psoriasis-COVID 19 Infection: Treatment Options.", "journal": "Skinmed", "authors": ["Tampouratzi, Eleftheria", "Kanni, Theodora", "Katsantonis, John", "Douvali, Theodora"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501789", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400911, "pmcid": "PMC7272815", "title": "Cognitive Processing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder via Telehealth: Practical Considerations During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Trauma Stress", "authors": ["Moring, John C", "Dondanville, Katherine A", "Fina, Brooke A", "Hassija, Christina", "Chard, Kathleen", "Monson, Candice", "LoSavio, Stefanie T", "Wells, Stephanie Y", "Morland, Leslie A", "Kaysen, Debra", "Galovski, Tara E", "Resick, Patricia A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global outbreak of COVID-19 has required mental health providers to rapidly rethink and adapt how they provide care. Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) is a trauma-focused, evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder that is effective when delivered in-person or via telehealth. Given current limitations on the provision of in-person mental health treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic, this article presents guidelines and treatment considerations when implementing CPT via telehealth. Based on lessons learned from prior studies and clinical delivery of CPT via telehealth, recommendations are made with regard to overall strategies for adapting CPT to a telehealth format, including how to conduct routine assessments and ensure treatment fidelity."}, {"pmid": 32387541, "pmcid": "PMC7204754", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Testing, Prevalence, and Predictors of COVID-19 in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Northern California.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Gubatan, John", "Levitte, Steven", "Balabanis, Tatiana", "Patel, Akshar", "Sharma, Arpita", "Habtezion, Aida"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387541", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406078, "title": "COVID-19 in an elderly patient treated with secukinumab.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Di Lernia, Vito", "Bombonato, Caterina", "Motolese, Alberico"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406078", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337862, "title": "Using effective hand hygiene practice to prevent and control infection.", "journal": "Nurs Stand", "authors": ["Hillier, Mark Dexter"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337862", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Decontamination using hand hygiene remains one of the most important and effective methods for reducing healthcare-associated infections and cross-infection between patients. In 1860, Florence Nightingale wrote that nurses should wash their hands frequently throughout the day, demonstrating an early awareness of the effectiveness of this simple procedure. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that effectively applied hand hygiene is a vital intervention that can be used to prevent the spread of disease. This article details the correct procedure required for effective hand hygiene and emphasises the need for nurses to keep up to date with evidence-based guidelines. The article also outlines the differences between hand decontamination using alcohol-based hand gels and soap and water, and the complex factors that can interfere with effective hand hygiene compliance."}, {"pmid": 32504046, "title": "Implications of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection for SARS-CoV-2 countermeasures.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "authors": ["Eroshenko, Nikolai", "Gill, Taylor", "Keaveney, Marianna K", "Church, George M", "Trevejo, Jose M", "Rajaniemi, Hannu"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504046", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529592, "pmcid": "PMC7288252", "title": "The effect of social distance measures on COVID-19 epidemics in Europe: an interrupted time series analysis.", "journal": "Geroscience", "authors": ["Voko, Zoltan", "Pitter, Janos Gyorgy"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529592", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the introduction of unprecedented \"stay-at-home\" national policies, the COVID-19 pandemic recently started declining in Europe. Our research aims were to characterize the changepoint in the flow of the COVID-19 epidemic in each European country and to evaluate the association of the level of social distancing with the observed decline in the national epidemics. Interrupted time series analyses were conducted in 28 European countries. Social distance index was calculated based on Google Community Mobility Reports. Changepoints were estimated by threshold regression, national findings were analyzed by Poisson regression, and the effect of social distancing in mixed effects Poisson regression model. Our findings identified the most probable changepoints in 28 European countries. Before changepoint, incidence of new COVID-19 cases grew by 24% per day on average. From the changepoint, this growth rate was reduced to 0.9%, 0.3% increase, and to 0.7% and 1.7% decrease by increasing social distancing quartiles. The beneficial effect of higher social distance quartiles (i.e., turning the increase into decline) was statistically significant for the fourth quartile. Notably, many countries in lower quartiles also achieved a flat epidemic curve. In these countries, other plausible COVID-19 containment measures could contribute to controlling the first wave of the disease. The association of social distance quartiles with viral spread could also be hindered by local bottlenecks in infection control. Our results allow for moderate optimism related to the gradual lifting of social distance measures in the general population, and call for specific attention to the protection of focal micro-societies enriching high-risk elderly subjects, including nursing homes and chronic care facilities."}, {"pmid": 32371417, "title": "Lessons of the month 1: A case of rhombencephalitis as a rare complication of acute COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Wong, Po Fung", "Craik, Sam", "Newman, Piers", "Makan, Annabel", "Srinivasan, Koottalai", "Crawford, Emma", "Dev, Devapriya", "Moudgil, Harmesh", "Ahmad, Nawaid"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371417", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 40-year-old man developed acute brainstem dysfunction 3 days after hospital admission with symptoms of the novel SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). Magnetic resonance imaging showed changes in keeping with inflammation of the brainstem and the upper cervical cord, leading to a diagnosis of rhombencephalitis. No other cause explained the patient's abnormal neurological findings. He was managed conservatively with rapid spontaneous improvement in some of his neurological signs and was discharged home with continued neurology follow up."}, {"pmid": 32340092, "title": "[Suggestions on reforming and improving the prevention and treatment system for major epidemic diseases in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, L M", "Zhan, S Y", "Chi, H", "Deng, Y", "Wang, L", "Wang, B"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340092", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on systematic review of the role of clinical treatment, disease control and scientific research, and combining with the problems exposed by the COVID-19 epidemic, suggestions were proposed to reform and improve the prevention and treatment system for major epidemics diseases in China. In clinical treatment, it is necessary to enhance clinical staff's awareness of law-based reporting, capabilities of syndromic surveillance, the use of infectious diseases reporting systems, and to improve national or local monitoring platforms for emerging infectious diseases detection. In terms of disease control, it is important to provide authorities to disease control departments through laws and regulations, improve the quantity and quality of related human resources, and strengthen the applied research and technical readiness targeted infections disease prevention, control and emergency preparedness. As for scientific research in major epidemic response, it is essential to strengthen research projects guided by national requests, build research institutions that can \"make a final decision\", establish national and regional key laboratories, and strengthen strategic technical reserve for emergency disease control and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32359188, "pmcid": "PMC7267276", "title": "Strategies to halt 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) spread for organ transplantation programs at the Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, China.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Wang, Yi", "Liu, Huirong", "Buhler, Leo H", "Deng, Shaoping"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359188", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in China (from January 24 to March 11, 2020), our center performed 16 organ transplants (10 kidney, 4 liver, and 2 lung transplants) harvested from deceased donors. Regarding the strategies to prevent infections of SARS-CoV-2, we implemented specific measures for the donor and recipient management, as well as prevention of hospital-acquired infections. All 16 organ recipients had a favorable outcome without SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our approaches aiming to interrupt the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within the transplantation wards were successful, and allowed us to maintain the transplantation program for deceased liver, kidney, and lung organ recipients."}, {"pmid": 32354810, "title": "An alternative COVID-19 checklist.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Thomas, Mari"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354810", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32218554, "pmcid": "PMC7205508", "title": "The Coronavirus Pandemic: \"The Show Must NOT Go On\".", "journal": "Int J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Habibzadeh, Farrokh", "Lang, Tom"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218554", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500647, "title": "Dermatological Manifestation of Pediatrics Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with COVID-19 in a 3-Year-Old Girl.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Yozgat, Can Yilmaz", "Uzuner, Selcuk", "Duramaz, Burcu Bursal", "Yozgat, Yilmaz", "Erenberk, Ufuk", "Iscan, Akin", "Turel, Ozden"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500647", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437997, "pmcid": "PMC7211604", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Embracing Disruptive Change During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Hess, Ryan", "Mao, Jennifer Z", "Rho, Kyungduk", "Khan, Asham", "Levy, Elad", "Pollina, John", "Mullin, Jeffrey P"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473074, "title": "Coronavirus confinement: a chance to learn on oral cancer. The Spanish experience.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Varela-Centelles, Pablo", "Lopez-Jornet, Pia", "Gonzalez-Mourelle, Alicia", "Seoane, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473074", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512187, "title": "Using GRADE in situations of emergencies and urgencies: Certainty in evidence and recommendations matters during the COVID-19 pandemic, now more than ever and no matter what.", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Schunemann, Holger J", "Santesso, Nancy", "Vist, Gunn E", "Cuello, Carlos", "Lotfi, Tamara", "Flottorp, Signe", "Davoli, Marina", "Mustafa, Reem", "Meerpohl, Joerg J", "Alonso-Coello, Pablo", "Akl, Elie A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512187", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378371, "title": "Paternal Behaviors in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "World J Mens Health", "authors": ["Cito, Gianmartin", "Micelli, Elisabetta", "Cocci, Andrea", "Polloni, Gaia", "Coccia, Maria Elisabetta", "Carini, Marco", "Minervini, Andrea", "Natali, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378371", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241791, "title": "To consider or not antimalarials as a prophylactic intervention in the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Spinelli, Francesca Romana", "Ceccarelli, Fulvia", "Di Franco, Manuela", "Conti, Fabrizio"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241791", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451583, "pmcid": "PMC7246290", "title": "Frailty index predicts poor outcome in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Bellelli, Giuseppe", "Rebora, Paola", "Valsecchi, Maria Grazia", "Bonfanti, Paolo", "Citerio, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451583", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387482, "pmcid": "PMC7204687", "title": "Living with COVID-19: A Perspective from New York Area Ophthalmology Residency Program Directors at the Epicenter of the Pandemic.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Chen, Royce W S", "Abazari, Azin", "Dhar, Sonya", "Fredrick, Douglas R", "Friedman, Ilana B", "Dagi Glass, Lora R", "Khouri, Albert S", "Kim, Eleanore T", "Laudi, John", "Park, Sunju", "Reddy, Harsha S", "Rosenberg, Jamie B", "Sandler, Shlomit F", "Shrivastava, Anurag", "Sun, Grace", "Winokur, Jules"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387482", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270568, "pmcid": "PMC7262070", "title": "Treating head and neck tumors during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, 2019 to 2020: Sichuan Cancer Hospital.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Cai, Yong-Cong", "Wang, Wei", "Li, Chao", "Zeng, Din-Fen", "Zhou, Yu-Qiu", "Sun, Rong-Hao", "Jiang, Hua", "Guo, Hui", "Wang, Shao-Xin", "Jiang, Jian"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270568", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a number of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) have been identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. NCP has rapidly spread to other provinces and cities in China and other countries in the world. Due to the rapid increase in reported cases in China and around the world, on January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) Emergency Committee announced that NCP is a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). However, there are relatively few suggestions and measures for tumor patients, especially patients with head and neck tumors. This article summarizes the prevention and control of disease in our medical institution to provide a reference for front-line head and neck surgeons."}, {"pmid": 32277774, "pmcid": "PMC7262053", "title": "Introducing the Percent, Number, Availability, and Capacity [PNAC] Spatial Approach to Identify Priority Rural Areas Requiring Targeted Health Support in Light of COVID-19: A Commentary and Application.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Lakhani, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277774", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401275, "title": "Global Effort to Collect Data on Ventilated Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rubin, Rita"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401275", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521706, "title": "Evaluation of Chemical Protocols for Inactivating SARS-CoV-2 Infectious Samples.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Pastorino, Boris", "Touret, Franck", "Gilles, Magali", "Luciani, Lea", "de Lamballerie, Xavier", "Charrel, Remi N"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521706", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical samples collected in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), patients are commonly manipulated in biosafety level 2 laboratories for molecular diagnostic purposes. Here, we tested French norm NF-EN-14476+A2 derived from European standard EN-14885 to assess the risk of manipulating infectious viruses prior to RNA extraction. SARS-CoV-2 cell-culture supernatant and nasopharyngeal samples (virus-spiked samples and clinical samples collected in COVID-19 patients) were used to measure the reduction of infectivity after 10 minute contact with lysis buffer containing various detergents and chaotropic agents. A total of thirteen protocols were evaluated. Two commercially available formulations showed the ability to reduce infectivity by at least 6 log 10, whereas others proved less effective."}, {"pmid": 32378009, "pmcid": "PMC7202794", "title": "Primary Care Providers: Discuss COVID-19-Related Goals of Care with Your Vulnerable Patients Now.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Kutscher, Eric", "Kladney, Mat"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378009", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251546, "title": "Triage considerations for patients referred for structural heart disease intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic: An ACC/SCAI position statement.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Shah, Pinak B", "Welt, Frederick G P", "Mahmud, Ehtisham", "Phillips, Alistair", "Kleiman, Neal S", "Young, Michael N", "Sherwood, Matthew", "Batchelor, Wayne", "Wang, Dee Dee", "Davidson, Laura", "Wyman, Janet", "Kadavath, Sabeeda", "Szerlip, Molly", "Hermiller, James", "Fullerton, David", "Anwaruddin, Saif"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251546", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has strained health care resources around the world, causing many institutions to curtail or stop elective procedures. This has resulted in an inability to care for patients with valvular and structural heart disease in a timely fashion, potentially placing these patients at increased risk for adverse cardiovascular complications, including CHF and death. The effective triage of these patients has become challenging in the current environment, as clinicians have had to weigh the risk of bringing susceptible patients into the hospital environment during the COVID-19 pandemic against the risk of delaying a needed procedure. In this document, the authors suggest guidelines for how to triage patients in need of structural heart disease interventions and provide a framework for how to decide when it may be appropriate to proceed with intervention despite the ongoing pandemic. In particular, the authors address the triage of patients in need of transcatheter aortic valve replacement and percutaneous mitral valve repair. The authors also address procedural issues and considerations for the function of structural heart disease teams during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32111114, "title": "[Recommendations for the regulation of medical practices of burn treatment during the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ma, S Y", "Yuan, Z Q", "Peng, Y Z", "Luo, Q Z", "Song, H P", "Xiang, F", "Tan, J L", "Zhou, J Y", "Li, N", "Hu, G Z", "Luo, G X"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32111114", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is one of the beta coronaviruses and was identified as the pathogen of the severe \"coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)\" in 2019. China has formally included the 2019-nCoV in the statutory notification and control system for infectious diseases according to the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Currently, the national defending actions on the 2019-nCoV in China is in a critical period. Burn Department is also confronted with risk of infection by the 2019-nCoV. According to the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (6(th) trial edition), the latest relative literature at home and abroad, the features of the COVID-19, recommendations for the COVID-19 prevention and control issued by the National Health Commission of China, and management experience of diagnosis and treatment in the related disciplines, we put forward recommendations for the medical practices of burn treatment during the outbreak of the COVID-19 in outpatient and emergency treatment, inpatient treatment, operation and ward management, etc. We hope these recommendations could benefit the professionals of the same occupation as us and related hospital managers, improve the treatment of burn during the outbreak of the COVID-19, and avoid or reduce the risk of infection of medical staff ."}, {"pmid": 32309528, "pmcid": "PMC7162628", "title": "Chest CT features and their role in COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Meng"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309528", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly throughout China. This article reviews the chest CT features of COVID-19 and analyzes the role of chest CT in this health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32370843, "pmcid": "PMC7165282", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Mayo Clinic Proceedings.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Nath, Karl A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370843", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518212, "title": "Characteristics of registered clinical trials assessing treatments for COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis.", "journal": "BMJ Open", "authors": ["Mehta, Hemalkumar B", "Ehrhardt, Stephan", "Moore, Thomas J", "Segal, Jodi B", "Alexander, G Caleb"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518212", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted many initiatives to identify safe and efficacious treatments, yet little is known regarding where early efforts have focused. We aimed to characterise registered clinical trials assessing drugs or plasma treatments for COVID-19. Cross-sectional analysis of clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 that were registered in the USA or in countries contributing to the WHO's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Relevant trial entries of drugs or plasma were downloaded on 26 March 2020, deduplicated, verified with reviews of major medical journals and WHO websites and independently analysed by two reviewers. Trial intervention, sponsorship, critical design elements and specified outcomes RESULTS: Overall, 201 clinical trials were registered for testing the therapeutic benefits of 92 drugs or plasma, including 64 in monotherapy and 28 different combinations. Only eight (8.7%) products or combinations involved new molecular entities. The other test therapies had a wide range of prior medical uses, including as antivirals, antimalarials, immunosuppressants and oncology treatments. In 152 trials (75.7%), patients were randomised to treatment or comparator, including 55 trials with some form of blinding and 97 open-label studies. The 49 (24.4%) of trials without a randomised design included 29 single armed studies and 20 trials with some comparison group. Most trial designs featured multiple endpoints. Clinical endpoints were identified in 134 (66.7%) of trials and included COVID-19 symptoms, death, recovery, required intensive care and hospital discharge. Clinical scales were being used in 33 (16.4%) trials, most often measures of oxygenation and critical illness. Surrogate endpoints or biomarkers were studied in 88 (42.3%) of trials, primarily assays of viral load. Although the trials were initiated in more than 17 countries or regions, 100 (49.8%) were registered in China and 78 (37.8%) in the USA. Registered trials increased rapidly, with the number of registered trials doubling from 1 March to 26 March 2020. While accelerating morbidity and mortality from the COVID-19 pandemic has been paralleled by early and rapid clinical investigation, many trials lack features to optimise their scientific value. Global coordination and increased funding of high-quality research may help to maximise scientific progress in rapidly discovering safe and effective treatments."}, {"pmid": 32452952, "title": "The Perioperative Services Response at a Major Children's Hospital During the Peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Stylianos, Steven", "Mesa-Jonassen, Amy E", "Albanese, Craig T", "Bacha, Emile A", "Stark, Natalya", "Guida, Sarah Jane", "Goffman, Dena", "Saiman, Lisa", "Kernie, Steven G", "Lalwani, Anil K", "Cassai, Mary", "Sun, Lena S"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452952", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340751, "pmcid": "PMC7142670", "title": "Management of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronavirus epidemic in hemodialysis units.", "journal": "Nefrologia", "authors": ["Arenas, Maria Dolores", "Villar, Judit", "Gonzalez, Cristina", "Cao, Higinio", "Collado, Silvia", "Crespo, Marta", "Horcajada, Juan Pablo", "Pascual, Julio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 represents a special risk for renal patients due to their comorbidities and advanced age. The usual performance of hemodialysis treatments in collective rooms increases the risk. The specific information at this time in this regard is very limited. This manuscript includes a proposal for action to prevent infection in the Nephrology Services, and in particular in Hemodialysis Units, with the objective of early identification of patients who meet the definition of a suspected case of infection by SARS-CoV-2 and propose circuits and mechanisms to carry out hemodialysis treatments. They are recommendations in continuous review and can be modified if the epidemiological situation, the diagnostic and therapeutic options so require."}, {"pmid": 32494874, "pmcid": "PMC7268176", "title": "Emergency ophthalmic surgeries during COVID-19-a Hong Kong perspective.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Tang, Emily W H", "Wong, Daniel H T", "Chan, Yvonne Y Y", "Li, Kenneth K W"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494874", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394141, "pmcid": "PMC7213773", "title": "COVID-19: Magnifying the Effect of Health Disparities.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Kim, Eun Ji", "Marrast, Lyndonna", "Conigliaro, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394141", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476796, "pmcid": "PMC7243653", "title": "Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of COVID-19: A comprehensive review.", "journal": "World J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Cha, Ming Han", "Regueiro, Miguel", "Sandhu, Dalbir S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476796", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic, manifested by an infectious pneumonia. Although patients primarily present with fever, cough and dyspnea, some patients also develop gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatic manifestations. The most common GI symptoms reported are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort. Liver chemistry abnormalities are common and include elevation of aspartate transferase, alanine transferase, and total bilirubin. Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infects the GI tract via its viral receptor angiotensin converting enzyme II, which is expressed on enterocytes of the ileum and colon. Viral RNA has also been isolated from stool specimens of COVID-19 patients, which raised the concern for fecal-oral transmission in addition to droplet transmission. Although indirect evidence has suggested possible fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2, more effort is needed to establish the role of the fecal-oral transmission route. Further research will help elucidate the association between patients with underlying GI diseases, such as chronic liver disease and inflammatory bowel disease, and severity of COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the data on GI involvement to date, as well as the impact of COVID-19 on underlying GI diseases."}, {"pmid": 32247755, "pmcid": "PMC7130320", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of a gastroenterology fellow: looking for the silver lining.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Shah, Raj", "Satyavada, Sagarika", "Ismail, Mayada", "Kurin, Michael", "Smith, Zachary L", "Cooper, Gregory S", "Chak, Amitabh"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528622, "pmcid": "PMC7266478", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: do we need systematic screening of patients with cardiovascular risk factors in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) for preventing death?", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Temgoua, Mazou Ngou", "Kuate, Liliane Mfeukeu", "Ngatchou, William", "Sibetcheu, Aurelie", "Toupendi, Zouliatou Nzina", "Belobo, Grace", "Ossa, Alice", "Kingue, Samuel"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528622", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is an emergent cardiovascular risk factor and a major cause of mortality worldwide. Thromboembolism is highly suspected as a leading cause of death in these patients through vascular inflammation caused by SARS COV2. Until now there is no real treatment of COVID-19 and many proposed drugs are under clinical trials. Considering the high incidence of thromboembolic events in critically ill patients with COVID-19, prevention of this disorder should be essential in order to reduce mortality in these patients."}, {"pmid": 32241075, "title": "General practice, COVID-19 and living with uncertainty", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Stone, Louise"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241075", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A lifetime of general practice brings with it the privilege of acquired wisdom. We swim in uncertainty and have learned to work within its scope."}, {"pmid": 32355099, "pmcid": "PMC7224596", "title": "COVID-19 Response in the Global Epicenter: Converting a New York City Level 1 Orthopedic Trauma Service into a Hybrid Orthopedic and Medicine COVID-19 Management Team.", "journal": "J Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Konda, Sanjit R", "Dankert, John F", "Merkow, David", "Lin, Charles C", "Kaplan, Daniel J", "Haskel, Jonathan D", "Behery, Omar", "Crespo, Alexander", "Ganta, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355099", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed unprecedented challenges on the health care system in the United States with New York City at its epicenter. By the end of the 8 week (4/23/2020) since the virus's emergence in New York City, there have been 142,432 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 10,977 deaths attributed to complications from COVID-19-related illnesses. Secondary to policies enacted by the New York State government to limit spread of the virus, Orthopedic Surgery departments at hospitals around the area have witnessed an abrupt change in clinical demands. At a local level one trauma hospital in Queens, New York, Orthopedic Surgery elective cases have been cancelled, trauma consult volume has experienced a sharp decline, and both residents and attendings have been repurposed to meet the new clinical demands of this medical crisis. Our own orthopedic surgery service has adopted care for patients normally admitted to an internal medicine service in a novel Ortho-Medical COVID-19 management team. We prepared this primer to make our experience with caring for COVID-19 patents available as a reference for other surgical subspecialty services preparing to adjust the clinical focus of their hospital teams during this or future pandemics. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: Level V."}, {"pmid": 32360940, "pmcid": "PMC7192091", "title": "Preliminary estimation of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Iran: A reply to Sharifi.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhuang, Zian", "Zhao, Shi", "Lin, Qianying", "Cao, Peihua", "Lou, Yijun", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360940", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437228, "title": "Covid-19 emergency in prison: Current management and forensic perspectives.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Caputo, Fiorella", "Gratteri, Santo", "Sacco, Matteo Antonio", "Scalise, Carmen", "Cacciatore, Giulia", "Bonetta, Filippo", "Zibetti, Angelica", "Aloe, Luigi De", "Sicilia, Francesco", "Cordasco, Fabrizio", "Ricci, Pietrantonio", "Aquila, Isabella"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437228", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic is currently a major worldwide public health problem. Contagion within prisons and in other custodial settings will need to be addressed promptly, but the management of preventive measures will be difficult due to overcrowding and inmates and officers' close physical contact. There may also be less access to care than in community settings. Accordingly, prisons are particularly vulnerable to outbreaks of infection, and in addition to the likely greater risks of contagion attention must be paid to the psychological problems that the pandemic can have on the prison population. Riots and episodes of violence have already taken place in various prisons. With the inevitable restrictions on social contact and family meetings, prisoners who already are at increased risk of mental illness and suicide are more susceptible to adverse psychological repercussions. From a forensic point of view, therefore, we stress the need for the development of a strong support network by mental health workers for the prison population."}, {"pmid": 32312166, "title": "Flexible Laryngoscopy and COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Rameau, Anais", "Young, VyVy N", "Amin, Milan R", "Sulica, Lucian"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312166", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Flexible laryngoscopy, the gold-standard evaluation of the larynx and the pharynx, is one of the most commonly performed procedures in otolaryngology. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, flexible laryngoscopy represents a risk for patients and an occupational hazard for otolaryngologists and any clinic staff involved with the procedure or endoscope reprocessing. Here we present a set of recommendations on flexible laryngoscopy performance during the pandemic, including patient selection, personal protective equipment, and endoscope disinfection, based on a consensus reached during a virtual webinar on March 24, 2020, attended by approximately 300 participants from the American laryngology community."}, {"pmid": 32524630, "title": "Rash as a presenting complaint in a child with COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Klimach, Anna", "Evans, Jordan", "Stevens, Jennifer", "Creasey, Nikola"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524630", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cutaneous manifestations are becoming increasingly well-documented in adults with COVID-19. There is now also a growing body of literature regarding skin involvement in children, with reports of papulovesicular, petechial and widespread macular and papular lesions, as well as chilblains (pernio). We describe the case of a thirteen-year-old boy with confirmed COVID-19 in the United Kingdom who presented with skin findings localized to the plantar aspects of the feet, axillae and lower limbs. The morphology was predominantly maculopapular but also included petechiae and annular lesions."}, {"pmid": 32133578, "pmcid": "PMC7088708", "title": "Review of the Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Jiang, Fang", "Deng, Liehua", "Zhang, Liangqing", "Cai, Yin", "Cheung, Chi Wai", "Xia, Zhengyuan"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133578", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, a cluster of cases with 2019 Novel Coronavirus pneumonia (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, aroused worldwide concern. Previous studies have reported epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this brief review is to summarize those published studies as of late February 2020 on the clinical features, symptoms, complications, and treatments of COVID-19 and help provide guidance for frontline medical staff in the clinical management of this outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32398780, "pmcid": "PMC7216860", "title": "The role of the exposome in promoting resilience or susceptibility after SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol", "authors": ["Naughton, Sean X", "Raval, Urdhva", "Harary, Joyce M", "Pasinetti, Giulio M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398780", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298458, "title": "Is antibody-dependent enhancement playing a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis?", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Negro, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298458", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513230, "title": "A simple custom appliance against droplet and aerosol transmission of COVID-19 during advanced airway management.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Chi, Meng", "Lou, Changming", "Zhao, Xiuli", "Sui, Xin", "Han, Fei"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513230", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202420, "pmcid": "PMC7099677", "title": "An Imperative Need for Research on the Role of Environmental Factors in Transmission of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Environ Sci Technol", "authors": ["Qu, Guangbo", "Li, Xiangdong", "Hu, Ligang", "Jiang, Guibin"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202420", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498009, "title": "Mass intake of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in the present context of the Covid-19 outbreak: Possible consequences in endemic malaria settings.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Mvumbi, Dieudonne M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498009", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320852, "pmcid": "PMC7167229", "title": "Deja vu: Stimulating open drug discovery for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Drug Discov Today", "authors": ["Ekins, Sean", "Mottin, Melina", "Ramos, Paulo R P S", "Sousa, Bruna K P", "Neves, Bruno Junior", "Foil, Daniel H", "Zorn, Kimberley M", "Braga, Rodolpho C", "Coffee, Megan", "Southan, Christopher", "Puhl, Ana C", "Andrade, Carolina Horta"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320852", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the past decade we have seen two major Ebola virus outbreaks in Africa, the Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas and the current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is a strong sense of d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu because there are still no effective treatments. In the COVID-19 pandemic, despite being a new virus, there are already drugs suggested as active in in vitro assays that are being repurposed in clinical trials. Promising SARS-CoV-2 viral targets and computational approaches are described and discussed. Here, we propose, based on open antiviral drug discovery approaches for previous outbreaks, that there could still be gaps in our approach to drug discovery."}, {"pmid": 32301692, "pmcid": "PMC7219975", "title": "What do urologists need to know: Diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Turk J Urol", "authors": ["Ho, Hui Ching", "Hughes, Thomas", "Bozlu, Murat", "Kadioglu, Ates", "Somani, Bhaskar K"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301692", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has had unprecedented effect on healthcare systems globally with severe impact on every specialist service within the hospital including urology. While it affects the respiratory system causing symptoms ranging from fever, cough, dyspnea, diarrhea, nausea, myalgia and fatigue, it eventually causes pneumonia and respiratory distress needing oxygenation and ventilation. Laboratory diagnosis is required to confirm the diagnosis of COVID-19. Radiological changes are seen on chest XR or CT scan of patients. The surge in patients affected by the disease has led to extreme pressures on healthcare systems by the overwhelming number of critically unwell patients. This scenario has presented challenges to maintain other emergency and essential services. Reallocation of staff, wards and equipment has resulted in cancellations of many surgical procedures, requiring urologists to select only the most essential or critical procedures. The outpatient face-to-face clinics are also cancelled or changed to telephone or video consultations. In some hospitals, urologists are required to work outside of their usual scope of practice helping their respiratory and intensive care unit colleagues. The pandemic is disrupting training and education opportunities for junior medical staff. In this review we provide guidance on the diagnosis and management of COVID-19, the influence it has on urological practice and consider the long-term implications that may be of consequence for years to come."}, {"pmid": 32401709, "pmcid": "PMC7252171", "title": "COVID-19: a public health approach to manage domestic violence is needed.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Chandan, Joht Singh", "Taylor, Julie", "Bradbury-Jones, Caroline", "Nirantharakumar, Krishnarajah", "Kane, Eddie", "Bandyopadhyay, Siddhartha"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401709", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32048160, "pmcid": "PMC7088771", "title": "Bat origin of a new human coronavirus: there and back again.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Li, Xiang", "Song, Yuhe", "Wong, Gary", "Cui, Jie"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32048160", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522814, "title": "The good, the bad and the ugly: pandemic priority decisions and triage.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Flaatten, Hans", "Van Heerden, Vernon", "Jung, Christian", "Beil, Michael", "Leaver, Susannah", "Rhodes, Andrew", "Guidet, Bertrand", "deLange, Dylan W"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522814", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this analysis we discuss the change in criteria for triage of patients during three different phases of a pandemic like COVID-19, seen from the critical care point of view. Availability of critical care beds has become a hot topic, and in many countries, we have seen a huge increase in the provision of temporary intensive care bed capacity. However, there is a limit where the hospitals may run out of resources to provide critical care, which is heavily dependent on trained staff, just-in-time supply chains for clinical consumables and drugs and advanced equipment. In the first (good) phase, we can still do clinical prioritisation and decision-making as usual, based on the need for intensive care and prognostication: what are the odds for a good result with regard to survival and quality of life. In the next (bad phase), the resources are mostly available, but the system is stressed by many patients arriving over a short time period and auxiliary beds in different places in the hospital being used. We may have to abandon admittance of patients with doubtful prognosis. In the last (ugly) phase, usual medical triage and priority setting may not be sufficient to decrease inflow and there may not be enough intensive care unit beds available. In this phase different criteria must be applied using a utilitarian approach for triage. We argue that this is an important transition where society, and not physicians, must provide guidance to support triage that is no longer based on medical priorities alone."}, {"pmid": 32338645, "pmcid": "PMC7235990", "title": "ISIDOG Recommendations Concerning COVID-19 and Pregnancy.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Donders, Francesca", "Lonnee-Hoffmann, Risa", "Tsiakalos, Aristotelis", "Mendling, Werner", "Martinez de Oliveira, Jose", "Judlin, Philippe", "Xue, Fengxia", "Donders, Gilbert G G", "Isidog Covid-Guideline Workgroup"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338645", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Providing guidelines to health care workers during a period of rapidly evolving viral pandemic infections is not an easy task, but it is extremely necessary in order to coordinate appropriate action so that all patients will get the best possible care given the circumstances they are in. With these International Society of Infectious Disease in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISIDOG) guidelines we aim to provide detailed information on how to diagnose and manage pregnant women living in a pandemic of COVID-19. Pregnant women need to be considered as a high-risk population for COVID-19 infection, and if suspected or proven to be infected with the virus, they require special care in order to improve their survival rate and the well-being of their babies. Both protection of healthcare workers in such specific care situations and maximal protection of mother and child are envisioned."}, {"pmid": 32464662, "title": "Answering the Call: Impact of Tele-ICU Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Crit Care Nurse", "authors": ["Arneson, Sandy L", "Tucker, Sara J", "Mercier, Marie", "Singh, Jaspal"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464662", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has exacerbated staffing challenges already facing critical care nurses in intensive care units. Many intensive care units have been understaffed and the majority of nurses working in these units have little experience. To describe how the skilled tele-intensive care unit nurses in our health system quickly changed from a patient-focused strategy to a clinician-focused approach during the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis. We modified workflows, deployed home workstations, and changed staffing models with the goal of providing additional clinical support to bedside colleagues while reducing exposure time and conserving personal protective equipment for those caring for this highly contagious patient population. The unit changed focus and granted more than 300 clinicians access to technology that enabled them to care for patients remotely, added nearly 200 mobile carts, and allowed more than 20 tele-intensive care unit nurses to work from home. Tele-intensive care unit nursing provided clinical knowledge to the nurses covering current and expanded critical care units. Using technology, virtual rounding, and increased collaboration with nurses, tele-intensive care unit nursing minimized the risk to bedside nurses while maintaining a high level of care for patients. Tele-intensive care unit nurses provided a proactive, holistic approach to caring for critically ill patients via camera as part of their routine workflow. In addition, during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, these nurses created a new strategy in virtual health care to be implemented during a crisis."}, {"pmid": 32497244, "title": "Assessing the skillset of surgeons facing the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Farid, Y", "Kapila, A K", "Schettino, M", "Ortiz, S", "Vermylen, O", "Wauthy, P", "Hamdi, M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497244", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385639, "pmcid": "PMC7209762", "title": "Neurosurgeons on the frontline of COVID-19: no place for surgery?", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Gandia-Gonzalez, Maria L", "Saez-Alegre, Miguel", "Roda, Jose M"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385639", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363326, "pmcid": "PMC7174023", "title": "Mental healthcare for psychiatric inpatients during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Gen Psychiatr", "authors": ["Li, Shen", "Zhang, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363326", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During this 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia epidemic, some experts have expressed concern for the mental healthcare of different types of population groups. However, hospitalised patients with severe mental illness are seemingly overlooked. Psychiatric patients are still a vulnerable group who need to obtain more attention and respect, particularly during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. In this commentary, we briefly introduce the situation of hospitalized patients with severe mental illness and suggest some effective measures that should be rapidly undertaken to reverse current challenges."}, {"pmid": 32283100, "pmcid": "PMC7151253", "title": "AGA Clinical Practice Update on Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Expert Commentary.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Rubin, David T", "Feuerstein, Joseph D", "Wang, Andrew Y", "Cohen, Russell D"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283100", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute Clinical Practice Update was to rapidly review the emerging evidence and provide timely expert recommendations regarding the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This expert commentary was commissioned and approved by the AGA Institute Clinical Practice Updates Committee and the AGA Governing Board to provide timely perspective on a topic of high clinical importance to the AGA membership, and underwent internal peer review by the Clinical Practice Updates Committee and external peer review through standard procedures of Gastroenterology."}, {"pmid": 32505246, "title": "Indigenous populations: left behind in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Curtice, Kaitlin", "Choo, Esther"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505246", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406952, "pmcid": "PMC7273060", "title": "Hypoalbuminemia predicts the outcome of COVID-19 independent of age and co-morbidity.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Huang, Jiaofeng", "Cheng, Aiguo", "Kumar, Rahul", "Fang, Yingying", "Chen, Gongping", "Zhu, Yueyong", "Lin, Su"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406952", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into a pandemic rapidly. Most of the literature show that the elevated liver enzymes in COVID-19 are of little clinical significance. Lower albumin level is seen in severe COVID-19 and is not parallel to the changes in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. We aimed to explore the impact of hypoalbuminemia in COVID-19. This retrospective cohort study included adult patients with confirmed COVID-19. The relationship between hypoalbuminemia and death was studied using binary logistic analysis. A total of 299 adult patients were included, 160 (53.5%) were males and the average age was 53.4\u2009\u00b1\u200916.7 years. The median time from the onset of illness to admission was 3 days (interquartile ranges, 2-5). Approximately one-third of the patients had comorbidities. Hypoalbuminemia (<35\u2009g/L) was found in 106 (35.5%) patients. The difference in albumin was considerable between survivors and non-survivors (37.6\u2009\u00b1\u20096.2 vs 30.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.0, P\u2009<\u2009.001). Serum albumin level was inversely correlated to white blood cell (r\u2009=\u2009-.149, P\u2009=\u2009.01) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (r\u2009=\u2009-.298, P\u2009<\u2009.001). Multivariate analysis showed the presence of comorbidities (OR, 6.816; 95% CI, 1.361-34.133), lymphopenia (OR, 13.130; 95% CI, 1.632-105.658) and hypoalbuminemia (OR, 6.394; 95% CI, 1.315-31.092) were independent predictive factors for mortality. In conclusion, hypoalbuminemia is associated with the outcome of COVID-19. The potential therapeutic value of albumin infusion in COVID-19 should be further explored at the earliest."}, {"pmid": 32459664, "title": "Prevalence of COVID-19-like symptoms in Italy and Lombardy, March-April 2020, and their implications on cancer prevention, diagnosis and management.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer Prev", "authors": ["Negri, Eva", "Scarpino, Vilma", "La Vecchia, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459664", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Two population-based surveys on coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19)-like symptoms were conducted by BVA-Doxa on representative samples of the general population from Italy and its largest region, Lombardy, with over 10 million inhabitants and heavily struck by Covid-19, on 27-30 March and 3-7 April, on a total of 2000 individuals - 353 from Lombardy. Overall, 14.2% of Italians - and 19.6% in Lombardy - reported Covid-19-like symptoms. The estimated prevalence was higher in the young, in smokers, and in Lombardy over the period 20 March to 7 April. Although the influenza season was ended by mid-March, at least part of the symptoms may be not Covid-19 related. Even assuming that only half are, at least 7% of Italians and 10% in Lombardy had been affected by Covid-19. To these, asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic cases have to be added. These estimates are at least one or two orders of magnitude larger than official registered cases. This has major implications for cancer prevention, management and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32378044, "pmcid": "PMC7201114", "title": "Switch from oral anticoagulants to parenteral heparin in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized patients: comment.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Roncon, Loris", "Zuin, Marco", "Rigatelli, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378044", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312591, "pmcid": "PMC7158818", "title": "Cancer care under the outbreak of COVID-19: A perspective from Italian tertiary referral center for surgical oncology.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Marano, Luigi", "Marrelli, Daniele", "Roviello, Franco"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312591", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289116, "pmcid": "PMC7129544", "title": "COVID-19 and artificial intelligence: protecting health-care workers and curbing the spread.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["McCall, Becky"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289116", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315887, "pmcid": "PMC7158779", "title": "The anatomy of panic buying related to the current COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Sim, Kang", "Chua, Hong Choon", "Vieta, Eduard", "Fernandez, George"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315887", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201125, "pmcid": "PMC7102601", "title": "Novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wu, Na", "Zhang, Yi", "Yu, Yong-Sheng"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201125", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365283, "pmcid": "PMC7197953", "title": "Lessons learned from HIV can inform our approach to COVID-19 stigma.", "journal": "J Int AIDS Soc", "authors": ["Logie, Carmen H"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365283", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498752, "title": "Public interest in preventative measures of COVID-19 associated with timely issuance of state-wide Stay-at-Home orders.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Greiner, Benjamin", "Ottwell, Ryan", "Vassar, Matt", "Hartwell, Micah"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One method of monitoring public preparedness is through measuring public interest in preventive measures. The objective of this study was to analyze public interest in COVID-19 preventive measures and to identify variables associated with timely Stay-At-Home (SAH) orders issued by Governors. State-level search volume was collected from Google Trends. Average preventative measure interest was calculated for the queries \"Hand Sanitizer\", \"Hand Washing\", \"Social Distancing\" and \"COVID Testing\". We then calculated the delay in state-wide SAH orders from March 1st, 2020 to the date of issuance and by-state presidential voting percentage. Bivariate correlations were computed to assess the relationship between interest in preventive measures and SAH order delay. The correlation between average preventative measure interest and length of time before a SAH order was placed was -0.47. Average preventive measure interest was also inversely related to voting for Republican presidential nominee in the 2016 election (R= -0.75); the latter of which was positively associated with longer delays in SAH orders (R= 0.48). States with greater public interest in COVID-19 preventive measures were inversely related to Governor issuance of timely SAH orders. Increasing public interest in preventive measures may slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by improving preparedness."}, {"pmid": 32484731, "title": "Telemedicine and the Interdisciplinary Clinic Model: During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Zughni, Lisa A", "Gillespie, Amanda I", "Hatcher, Jeanne L", "Rubin, Adam D", "Giliberto, John Paul"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484731", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the subsequent need for physical distancing have necessitated a swift change in health care delivery. Prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, many institutions utilized an interdisciplinary clinic model including both a laryngologist and a speech-language pathologist for the evaluation of patients with voice, swallowing, and upper airway disorders. To improve access, many providers are pursuing the use of interdisciplinary telemedicine to provide individualized patient-centered care while allowing for physical distancing. The purpose of this commentary is to review the current literature regarding telemedicine in laryngology and speech-language pathology as well as the current and future states of practice for interdisciplinary tele-evaluations."}, {"pmid": 32461489, "title": "Silent casualty of COVID-19: Training and education.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Farooqui, Javed Hussain", "Das, Sima", "Sabherwal, Shalinder", "Mathur, Umang", "Iqbal, Sana"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461489", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450198, "pmcid": "PMC7243790", "title": "A review on possible modes of action of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine: repurposing against SAR-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Tripathy, Satyajit", "Dassarma, Barsha", "Roy, Somenath", "Chabalala, Hlupheka", "Matsabisa, Motlalepula Gilbert"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450198", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chloroquine (CQ) and its analogue hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have long been used worldwide as frontline drugs for the treatment and prophylaxis of human malaria. Since the first reported cases in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019, humans have been under threat from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (previously known as 2019-nCoV), subsequently declared a pandemic. While the world is searching for expedited approval for a vaccine, which may be only preventative and not a cure, physicians and country leaders are considering several concerted clinical trials suggesting that the age-old antimalarial drugs CQ/HCQ could be a potent therapeutic against COVID-19. Based on accumulating scientific reports, here we highlight the possible modes of action of CQ/HCQ that could justify its use against viral infections. Considering the global health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, the option of repurposing old drugs, e.g. CQ/HCQ, particularly HCQ, for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection could be a good choice. CQ/HCQ has diverse modes of action, including alteration of the acidic environment inside lysosomes and late endosomes, preventing endocytosis, exosome release and phagolysosomal fusion, and inhibition of the host cytokine storm. One or more diverse mechanisms might work against viral infections and reduce mortality. As there is no cure for COVID-19, clinical testing of HCQ is urgently required to determine its potency against SARS-CoV-2, as this is the currently available treatment option. There remains a need to find other innovative drug candidates as possible candidates to enter clinical evaluation and testing."}, {"pmid": 32335508, "pmcid": "PMC7169888", "title": "One Aspect of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Outbreak in Iran: High Anxiety among MS Patients.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335508", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32118389, "title": "[Clinical analysis of 31 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children from six provinces (autonomous region) of northern China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, D", "Ju, X L", "Xie, F", "Lu, Y", "Li, F Y", "Huang, H H", "Fang, X L", "Li, Y J", "Wang, J Y", "Yi, B", "Yue, J X", "Wang, J", "Wang, L X", "Li, B", "Wang, Y", "Qiu, B P", "Zhou, Z Y", "Li, K L", "Sun, J H", "Liu, X G", "Li, G D", "Wang, Y J", "Cao, A H", "Chen, Y N"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118389", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze the epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, treatment and the short-term prognosis of 31 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in children from six provinces (autonomous region) in northern China. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, signs, laboratory examinations, chest imaging, treatment and the short-term prognosis of 31 cases of 2019-nCoV was conducted. The patients were diagnosed between January 25th, 2020 and February 21st, 2020 in 21 hospitals in 17 cities of six provinces (autonomous region) of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Hebei, Henan and Shandong. Results: The age of the 31 children with 2019-nCoV infection was 7 years and 1 month (6 months-17 years). Nine cases (29%) were imported cases. Other 21 cases (68%) had contact with confirmed infected adults. One case (3%) had contact with asymptomatic returnees from Wuhan. Among the 31 children, 28 patients (90%) were family cluster cases. The clinical types were asymptomatic type in 4 cases (13%), mild type in 13 cases (42%), and common type in 14 cases (45%). No severe or critical type existed. The most common symptom was fever (n=20, 65%), including 1 case of high fever, 9 cases of moderate fever, 10 cases of low fever. Fever lasted from 1 day to 9 days. The fever of fifteen cases lasted for \u22643 d, while in other 5 cases lasted >3 d. Other symptoms included cough (n=14, 45%), fatigue (n=3, 10%) and diarrhea (n=3, 10%). Pharyngalgia, runny nose, dizziness, headache and vomiting were rare. In the early stage, the total leukocytes count in peripheral blood decreased in 2 cases (6%), the lymphocytes count decreased in 2 cases (6%), and the platelet count increased in 2 cases (6%).Elevation of C-reactive protein (10%, 3/30), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (19%, 4/21), procalcitonin (4%,1/28), liver enzyme (22%, 6/27) and muscle enzyme (15%, 4/27) occurred in different proportions. Renal function and blood glucose were normal. There were abnormal chest CT changes in 14 cases, including 9 cases with patchy ground glass opacities and nodules, mostly located in the lower lobe of both lungs near the pleural area. After receiving supportive treatment, the viral nucleic acid turned negative in 25 cases within 7-23 days. Among them, 24 children (77%) recovered and were discharged from hospital. No death occurred. Conclusions: In this case series, 2019-nCoV infection in children from six provinces (autonomous region) in northern China are mainly caused by close family contact. Clinical types are asymptomatic, mild and common types. Clinical manifestations and laboratory examination results are nonspecific. Close contact history of epidemiology, nucleic acid detection and chest imaging are important bases for diagnosis of 2019-nCoV infection. After general treatment, the short-term prognosis is good."}, {"pmid": 32391676, "title": "[Follow-up testing of viral nucleic acid in discharged patients with moderate type of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Li, Youjiang", "Hu, Yingying", "Zhang, Xiaodong", "Yu, Yuanyuan", "Li, Bin", "Wu, Jianguo", "Wu, Yingping", "Xia, Xiaoping", "Xu, Jian"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391676", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the clinical outcome of patients with moderate type of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after discharge by retesting viral nucleic acid. Seven patients with moderate COVID-19 met the discharge criteria enacted by National Health Commission were quarantined in hospital for 7 days, then continuously quarantined at home for 4 weeks after discharged. During the quarantined period, the symptoms and signs were documented, and sputum or nasal swab and feces samples were collected to test SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid by RT-PCR method. There was no symptoms and signs during the quarantine period in all 7 patients. However, respiratory swabs from 3 patients were confirmed positive of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid at 5 to 7 days after they met the discharge criteria. There is a relatively high incidence of positive viral nucleic acid in patients met the discharge criteria, and it is suggested that patients met the current discharge criteria should be quarantined in hospital for another 7 days and the follow-up viral testing is necessary."}, {"pmid": 32389563, "pmcid": "PMC7196536", "title": "Urgent development of an anaesthesiology-based intensive care unit for critical COVID-19 infected patients.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Harkouk, Hakim", "Jacob, Chantal", "Fletcher, Dominique"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389563", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389580, "pmcid": "PMC7198159", "title": "[Breast radiation therapy during COVID-19 outbreak: Practical advice].", "journal": "Cancer Radiother", "authors": ["Loap, P", "Kirova, Y", "Takanen, S", "Crehange, G", "Fourquet, A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389580", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32077660, "title": "[Preliminary study of the relationship between novel coronavirus pneumonia and liver function damage: a multicenter study].", "journal": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, C", "Jiang, Z C", "Shao, C X", "Zhang, H G", "Yue, H M", "Chen, Z H", "Ma, B Y", "Liu, W Y", "Huang, H H", "Yang, J", "Wang, Y", "Liu, H Y", "Xu, D", "Wang, J T", "Yang, J Y", "Pan, H Q", "Zou, S Q", "Li, F J", "Lei, J Q", "Li, X", "He, Q", "Gu, Y", "Qi, X L"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077660", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia and a preliminary study to explore the relationship between different clinical classification and liver damage. Methods: Consecutively confirmed novel coronavirus infection cases admitted to seven designated hospitals during January 23, 2020 to February 8, 2020 were included. Clinical classification (mild, moderate, severe, and critical) was carried out according to the diagnosis and treatment program of novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial Fifth Edition) issued by the National Health Commission. The research data were analyzed using SPSS19.0 statistical software. Quantitative data were expressed as median (interquartile range), and qualitative data were expressed as frequency and rate. Results: 32 confirmed cases that met the inclusion criteria were included. 28 cases were of mild or moderate type (87.50%), and four cases (12.50%) of severe or critical type. Four cases (12.5%) were combined with one underlying disease (bronchial asthma, coronary heart disease, malignant tumor, chronic kidney disease), and one case (3.13%) was simultaneously combined with high blood pressure and malignant tumor. The results of laboratory examination showed that the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), and total bilirubin (TBil) for entire cohort were 26.98 (16.88 ~ 46.09) U/L and 24.75 (18.71 ~ 31.79) U/L, 39.00 (36.20 ~ 44.20) g/L and 16.40 (11.34 ~ 21.15) \u03bcmol/L, respectively. ALT, AST, ALB and TBil of the mild or moderate subgroups were 22.75 (16.31 ~ 37.25) U/L, 23.63 (18.71 ~ 26.50) U/L, 39.70 (36.50 ~ 46.10) g/L, and 15.95 (11.34 ~ 20.83) \u03bcmol/L, respectively. ALT, AST, ALB and TBil of the severe or critical subgroups were 60.25 (40.88 ~ 68.90) U/L, 37.00 (20.88 ~ 64.45) U/L, 35.75 (28.68 ~ 42.00) g/L, and 20.50 (11.28 ~ 25.00) \u03bcmol/L, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this multicenter retrospective study suggests that novel coronavirus pneumonia combined with liver damage is more likely to be caused by adverse drug reactions and systemic inflammation in severe patients receiving medical treatment. Therefore, liver function monitoring and evaluation should be strengthened during the treatment of such patients."}, {"pmid": 32372810, "pmcid": "PMC7194620", "title": "How Hubei fought the virus.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Lu, Donna"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372810", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Doctors on the front line in the Chinese province where the coronavirus outbreak started tell Donna Lu about their experiences treating covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32479986, "pmcid": "PMC7256503", "title": "Type 3 hypersensitivity in COVID-19 vasculitis.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Roncati, Luca", "Ligabue, Giulia", "Fabbiani, Luca", "Malagoli, Claudia", "Gallo, Graziana", "Lusenti, Beatrice", "Nasillo, Vincenzo", "Manenti, Antonio", "Maiorana, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479986", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing public health emergency and new knowledge about its immunopathogenic mechanisms is deemed necessary in the attempt to reduce the death burden, globally. For the first time in worldwide literature, we provide scientific evidence that in COVID-19 vasculitis a life-threatening escalation from type 2\u00a0T-helper immune response (humoral immunity) to type 3 hypersensitivity (immune complex disease) takes place. The subsequent deposition of immune complexes inside the vascular walls is supposed to induce a severe inflammatory state and a cytokine release syndrome, whose interleukin-6 is the key myokine, from the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels."}, {"pmid": 32295793, "title": "To monitor the COVID-19 pandemic we need better quality primary care data.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["de Lusignan, Simon", "Williams, John"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295793", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518437, "pmcid": "PMC7272331", "title": "The coronavirus pandemic - A critical discussion of a tourism research agenda.", "journal": "Tour Manag", "authors": ["Zenker, Sebastian", "Kock, Florian"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518437", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Unquestionable, the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic is one of the most impactful events of the 21st century and has tremendous effects on tourism. While many tourism researchers worldwide are currently 'Covid-19 research gap spotting', we call for more deliberateness and rigor. While we agree that the coronavirus pandemic is unique and relevant to research, we argue that not all effects are worth researching or novel to us. Previous research on crises and disasters do show similar patterns and existing theories can often very well explain the current phenomena. Thus, six illustrative examples are shown how a research agenda could look like. This includes parts where theoretical explanations from tourism are missing, as well as where we think existing knowledge might be subject to a tourism paradigm-shift due to the coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32414990, "title": "Finding a new balance.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414990", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus changes the way we live our lives, clinical psychologists Matthew Whalley and Hardeep Kaur advise on managing wellbeing."}, {"pmid": 32156675, "title": "Covid-19: Portugal closes all medical schools after 31 cases confirmed in the country.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156675", "countries": ["Portugal"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501423, "pmcid": "PMC7241407", "title": "Developing an ultra-efficient microsatellite discoverer to find structural differences between SARS-CoV-1 and Covid-19.", "journal": "Inform Med Unlocked", "authors": ["Naghibzadeh, Mahmoud", "Savari, Hossein", "Savadi, Abdorreza", "Saadati, Nayyereh", "Mehrazin, Elahe"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501423", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the outbreak of Coronavirus-Covid-19 has forced the World Health Organization to declare a pandemic status. A genome sequence is the core of this virus which interferes with the normal activities of its counterparts within humans. Analysis of its genome may provide clues toward the proper treatment of patients and the design of new drugs and vaccines. Microsatellites are composed of short genome subsequences which are successively repeated many times in the same direction. They are highly variable in terms of their building blocks, number of repeats, and their locations in the genome sequences. This mutability property has been the source of many diseases. Usually the host genome is analyzed to diagnose possible diseases in the victim. In this research, the focus is concentrated on the attacker's genome for discovery of its malicious properties. The focus of this research is the microsatellites of both SARS and Covid-19. An accurate and highly efficient computer method for identifying all microsatellites in the genome sequences is discovered and implemented, and it is used to find all microsatellites in the Coronavirus-Covid-19 and SARS2003. The Microsatellite discovery is based on an efficient indexing technique called K-Mer Hash Indexing. The method is called Fast Microsatellite Discovery (FMSD) and it is used for both SARS and Covid-19. A table composed of all microsatellites is reported. There are many differences between SARS and Covid-19, but there is an outstanding difference which requires further investigation. FMSD is freely available at https://gitlab.com/FUM_HPCLab/fmsd_project, implemented in C on Linux-Ubuntu system. Software related contact: hossein_savari@mail.um.ac.ir."}, {"pmid": 32330542, "pmcid": "PMC7172665", "title": "A Call for Rapid Submission of Data for Aggregate Review: Can Daily Radiotherapy Imaging Be Used as a Potential Screen for Coronavirus Disease 2019?", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Warren, Graham W", "Adjei, Alex A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330542", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417321, "pmcid": "PMC7227495", "title": "Steam treatment for rapid decontamination of N95 respirators and medical face masks.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Li, Daniel F", "Cadnum, Jennifer L", "Redmond, Sarah N", "Jones, Lucas D", "Pearlmutter, Basya", "Haq, Muhammed F", "Donskey, Curtis J"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417321", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474800, "pmcid": "PMC7261213", "title": "Children's heart and COVID-19: Up-to-date evidence in the form of a systematic review.", "journal": "Eur J Pediatr", "authors": ["Sanna, Giulia", "Serrau, Gaia", "Bassareo, Pier Paolo", "Neroni, Paola", "Fanos, Vassilios", "Marcialis, Maria Antonietta"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474800", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus disease outbreak in 2019 (COVID-19) represents a dramatic challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. As to viral tropism, lungs are not the only COVID-19 target but also the heart may be involved in a not negligible percentage of the infected patients. Myocarditis-related cardiac dysfunction and potentially life-threatening arrhythmias are the main aftermaths. A few studies showed that myocardial injury in adult patients is often linked with a fatal outcome. Conversely, scientific evidence in children is sparse, although several reports were published with the description of a cardiac involvement in COVID-19 paediatric patients. In these young subjects, a background of surgically treated congenital heart disease seems to be a predisposing factor.Conclusion: This systematic review is aimed at summarizing all COVID-19 cases with a cardiac involvement published in paediatric age and trying to explain the underlying mechanisms responsible for COVID-19-related myocardial damage.What is Known:\u2022 Coronaviruses proved to be able to jump from animals to humans.\u2022 The outbreak of COVID-19 started from China (Dec 2019) and became pandemic.What is New:\u2022 Even in childhood, COVID-19 is not without the risk of cardiac involvement.\u2022 Myocarditis, heart failure, and arrhythmias are among the possible manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32504751, "title": "A novel role of nifuroxazide in attenuation of sepsis-associated acute lung and myocardial injuries; role of TLR4/NLPR3/IL-1beta signaling interruption.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Khodir, Ahmed E", "Samra, Yara A", "Said, Eman"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504751", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute lung injury (ALI) and the subsequent multi-system organ failure is a serious health problem with devastating impacts on the health care systems. Indeed, the world has been facing an un-preceded situation in the past couple of months following COVID-19 infestation and the associated high-mortality rates mainly attributed to sepsis and the associated multiple organ failures of particular concern; acute respiratory distress syndrome post lung injury. The current study provides evidence on the ameliorative impact of nifuroxazide, and FDA approved antidiarrheal drug in attenuation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and myocarditis when administrated either in prophylactic or curative regimens. Nifuroxazide administration was associated with a significant improvement in lung and heart histopathological characteristics and architecture with retraction of LPS-induced inflammatory-infiltration. This was associated with retraction in serum biomarkers of cellular injury of which; LDH, CK-MB, and ALP. Nifuroxazide administration was associated with a significant improvement in both lung and heart oxidative status. Such positive outcomes were underlined by a significant inhibitory effect of nifuroxazide on lung and heart contents of toll-like receptor (4) (TLR4)/the inflammasome NALPR3/interleukin- 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2). In conclusion: Nifuroxazide attenuates LPS-induced ALI and myocardial injury via interruption of TLR4/NALPR3/IL-1\u03b2 signaling. Thus it can offer a potential approach for attenuation of sepsis in critically ill patients."}, {"pmid": 32429121, "title": "Forecasting COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations under Different Levels of Social Distancing in Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy: Results from an Extended SEIR Compartmental Model.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Reno, Chiara", "Lenzi, Jacopo", "Navarra, Antonio", "Barelli, Eleonora", "Gori, Davide", "Lanza, Alessandro", "Valentini, Riccardo", "Tang, Biao", "Fantini, Maria Pia"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429121", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of 17 April 2020, more than 2 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported worldwide. Northern Italy is one of the world's centers of active coronavirus cases. In this study, we predicted the spread of COVID-19 and its burden on hospital care under different conditions of social distancing in Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, the two regions of Italy most affected by the epidemic. To do this, we used a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) deterministic model, which encompasses compartments relevant to public health interventions such as quarantine. A new compartment L was added to the model for isolated infected population, i.e., individuals tested positives that do not need hospital care. We found that in Lombardy restrictive containment measures should be prolonged at least until early July to avoid a resurgence of hospitalizations; on the other hand, in Emilia-Romagna the number of hospitalized cases could be kept under a reasonable amount with a higher contact rate. Our results suggest that territory-specific forecasts under different scenarios are crucial to enhance or take new containment measures during the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32439751, "title": "Ethical road map through the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Fritz, Zoe", "Huxtable, Richard", "Ives, Jonathan", "Paton, Alexis", "Slowther, Anne Marie", "Wilkinson, Dominic"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439751", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502638, "pmcid": "PMC7265832", "title": "Databases for facilitating mechanistic investigations of traditional Chinese medicines against COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Jiang, Sida", "Cui, Qiuji", "Ni, Bingwei", "Chen, Yingying", "Tan, Ying", "Chen, Weiping", "Chen, Yu Zong"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502638", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217649, "pmcid": "PMC7098483", "title": "Clinical and CT features of early stage patients with COVID-19: a retrospective analysis of imported cases in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Yang, Shuyi", "Shi, Yuxin", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Xu, Jianqing", "Li, Feng", "Qian, Zhiping", "Jiang, Yebin", "Hua, Xinyan", "Ding, Xueting", "Song, Fengxiang", "Shen, Jie", "Lu, Yang", "Shan, Fei", "Zhang, Zhiyong"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217649", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270500, "pmcid": "PMC7262090", "title": "Four cases from a family cluster were diagnosed as COVID-19 after 14-day of quarantine period.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Dexiong", "Li, Yueping", "Deng, Xilong", "Huang, Huanliang", "Ou, Xueting", "Lin, Yuebao", "Pan, Xingfei", "Lei, Chunliang"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270500", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32098875, "title": "Covid-19: surge in cases in Italy and South Korea makes pandemic look more likely.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32098875", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292689, "pmcid": "PMC7102550", "title": "Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods.", "journal": "Acta Pharm Sin B", "authors": ["Wu, Canrong", "Liu, Yang", "Yang, Yueying", "Zhang, Peng", "Zhong, Wu", "Wang, Yali", "Wang, Qiqi", "Xu, Yang", "Li, Mingxue", "Li, Xingzhou", "Zheng, Mengzhu", "Chen, Lixia", "Li, Hua"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292689", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 has caused tens of thousands of infections and more than one thousand deaths. There are currently no registered therapies for treating coronavirus infections. Because of time consuming process of new drug development, drug repositioning may be the only solution to the epidemic of sudden infectious diseases. We systematically analyzed all the proteins encoded by SARS-CoV-2 genes, compared them with proteins from other coronaviruses, predicted their structures, and built 19 structures that could be done by homology modeling. By performing target-based virtual ligand screening, a total of 21 targets (including two human targets) were screened against compound libraries including ZINC drug database and our own database of natural products. Structure and screening results of important targets such as 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), Spike, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and papain like protease (PLpro) were discussed in detail. In addition, a database of 78 commonly used anti-viral drugs including those currently on the market and undergoing clinical trials for SARS-CoV-2 was constructed. Possible targets of these compounds and potential drugs acting on a certain target were predicted. This study will provide new lead compounds and targets for further in vitro and in vivo studies of SARS-CoV-2, new insights for those drugs currently ongoing clinical studies, and also possible new strategies for drug repositioning to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32235486, "pmcid": "PMC7230636", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19) in Humans: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Borges do Nascimento, Israel Junior", "Cacic, Nensi", "Abdulazeem, Hebatullah Mohamed", "von Groote, Thilo Caspar", "Jayarajah, Umesh", "Weerasekara, Ishanka", "Esfahani, Meisam Abdar", "Civile, Vinicius Tassoni", "Marusic, Ana", "Jeroncic, Ana", "Carvas Junior, Nelson", "Pericic, Tina Poklepovic", "Zakarija-Grkovic, Irena", "Meirelles Guimaraes, Silvana Mangeon", "Luigi Bragazzi, Nicola", "Bjorklund, Maria", "Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad", "Altujjar, Mohammad", "Tian, Maoyi", "Arcani, Diana Maria Cespedes", "O'Mathuna, Donal P", "Marcolino, Milena Soriano"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235486", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A growing body of literature on the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is becoming available, but a synthesis of available data has not been conducted. We performed a scoping review of currently available clinical, epidemiological, laboratory, and chest imaging data related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, Scopus and LILACS from 01 January 2019 to 24 February 2020. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted using the clinical and laboratory data, and random-effects models were applied to estimate pooled results. A total of 61 studies were included (59,254 patients). The most common disease-related symptoms were fever (82%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 56%-99%; n = 4410), cough (61%, 95% CI 39%-81%; n = 3985), muscle aches and/or fatigue (36%, 95% CI 18%-55%; n = 3778), dyspnea (26%, 95% CI 12%-41%; n = 3700), headache in 12% (95% CI 4%-23%, n = 3598 patients), sore throat in 10% (95% CI 5%-17%, n = 1387) and gastrointestinal symptoms in 9% (95% CI 3%-17%, n = 1744). Laboratory findings were described in a lower number of patients and revealed lymphopenia (0.93 \u00d7 109/L, 95% CI 0.83-1.03 \u00d7 109/L, n = 464) and abnormal C-reactive protein (33.72 mg/dL, 95% CI 21.54-45.91 mg/dL; n = 1637). Radiological findings varied, but mostly described ground-glass opacities and consolidation. Data on treatment options were limited. All-cause mortality was 0.3% (95% CI 0.0%-1.0%; n = 53,631). Epidemiological studies showed that mortality was higher in males and elderly patients. The majority of reported clinical symptoms and laboratory findings related to SARS-CoV-2 infection are non-specific. Clinical suspicion, accompanied by a relevant epidemiological history, should be followed by early imaging and virological assay."}, {"pmid": 32529409, "title": "Breast cancer care during a pandemic: an opportune time for cryoablation?", "journal": "Breast Cancer Res Treat", "authors": ["Holmes, Dennis R"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529409", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cryoablation is a minimally-invasive percutaneous procedure that is capable of reducing the\u00a0psychosocial burden of surgical delay while also decreasing the morbidity of breast cancer therapy. The purpose of this editorial is to discuss the potential role of cryoablation for reducing the psychosocial burden of surgical delay during the COVID-19 pandemic by expediting the management of breast cancer while also lessening demand on limited healthcare resources. This editorial critiques current expert opinion recommendations that aim to reduce viral transmission and preserve healthcare resources during the COVID-19 pandemic by advocating delay of elective breast cancer surgery. The editorial summarizes the current state of the evidence that supports the selective use of cryoablation as a definite or stopgap measure in the management of breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic or when healthcare resources are limited. As an office-based procedure performed under local anesthesia, cryoablation eliminates the need for operating room personnel and equipment while also reducing the psychosocial impact of delayed breast cancer surgery. By reducing the number of patient and healthcare provider interactions, cryoablation not only decreases the risk of viral transmission but also the need for personal protective devices during resource-limited times."}, {"pmid": 32497749, "pmcid": "PMC7262520", "title": "COVID-19 and SIC (!).", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Nevzorov, Ilja", "Tulamo, Riikka", "Alback, Anders", "Lassila, Riitta"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497749", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494576, "pmcid": "PMC7248349", "title": "COVID-19 follow-up planning: what will we be missing?", "journal": "ERJ Open Res", "authors": ["Lee, Lydia", "Iyer, Sriram", "Jose, Ricardo J", "Manuel, Ari"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494576", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a real need for a discharge plan for COVID-19 survivors in the UK. Follow-up imaging could help assess the resolution of infection, exclude underlying malignancy and identify post-inflammatory fibrosis. https://bit.ly/2YJ8hyg."}, {"pmid": 32342698, "pmcid": "PMC7189614", "title": "Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care", "authors": ["Walton, Matthew", "Murray, Esther", "Christian, Michael D"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342698", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented challenge for society. Supporting the mental health of medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers (staff) is a critical part of the public health response. This paper details the effects on staff and addresses some of the organisational, team and individual considerations for supporting staff (pragmatically) during this pandemic. Leaders at all levels of health care organisations will find this a valuable resource."}, {"pmid": 32397008, "pmcid": "PMC7273017", "title": "The aerosol box for intubation in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: an in-situ simulation crossover study.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Begley, J L", "Lavery, K E", "Nickson, C P", "Brewster, D J"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397008", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to the manufacturing of novel devices to protect clinicians from the risk of transmission, including the aerosol box for use during tracheal intubation. We evaluated the impact of two aerosol boxes (an early-generation box and a latest-generation box) on intubations in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 with an in-situ simulation crossover study. The simulated process complied with the Safe Airway Society coronavirus disease 2019 airway management guidelines. The primary outcome was intubation time; secondary outcomes included first-pass success and breaches to personal protective equipment. All intubations were performed by specialist (consultant) anaesthetists and video recorded. Twelve anaesthetists performed 36 intubations. Intubation time with no aerosol box was significantly shorter than with the early-generation box (median (IQR [range]) 42.9 (32.9-46.9 [30.9-57.6])s vs. 82.1 (45.1-98.3 [30.8-180.0])s p\u00a0=\u00a00.002) and the latest-generation box (52.4 (43.1-70.3 [35.7-169.2])s, p\u00a0=\u00a00.008). No intubations without a box took more than 1\u00a0min, whereas 14 (58%) intubations with a box took over 1\u00a0min and 4 (17%) took over 2\u00a0min (including one failure). Without an aerosol box, all anaesthetists obtained first-pass success. With the early-generation and latest-generation boxes, 9 (75%) and 10 (83%) participants obtained first-pass success, respectively. One breach of personal protective equipment occurred using the early-generation box and seven breaches occurred using the latest-generation box. Aerosol boxes may increase intubation times and therefore expose patients to the risk of hypoxia. They may cause damage to conventional personal protective equipment and therefore place clinicians at risk of infection. Further research is required before these devices can be considered safe for clinical use."}, {"pmid": 32388333, "pmcid": "PMC7198990", "title": "Internet of things (IoT) applications to fight against COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Ravi Pratap", "Javaid, Mohd", "Haleem, Abid", "Suman, Rajiv"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388333", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current global challenge of COVID-19 pandemic has surpassed the provincial, radical, conceptual, spiritual, social, and pedagogical boundaries. Internet of Things (IoT) enabled healthcare system is useful for proper monitoring of COVID-19 patients, by employing an interconnected network. This technology helps to increase patient satisfaction and reduces readmission rate in the hospital. Searched the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, SCOPUS and ResearchGate using the keywords \"Internet of things\" or \"IoT\" and \"COVID-19\". Further inputs are also taken from blogs and relevant reports. IoT implementation impacts on reducing healthcare cost and improve treatment outcome of the infected patient. Therefore, this present study based research is attempted to explore, discuss, and highlight the overall applications of the well-proven IoT philosophy by offering a perspective roadmap to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, twelve significant applications of IoT are identified and discussed. It has ultimately forced the researchers, academicians, and scientists to propose some productive solutions to overcome or confront this pandemic. IoT is helpful for an infected patient of COVID-19 to identify symptoms and provides better treatment rapidly. It is useful for patient, physician, surgeon and hospital management system."}, {"pmid": 32410765, "pmcid": "PMC7221361", "title": "[OnabotulinumtoxinA infiltration and nerve blocks in patients with headache and neuralgia: safety recommendations to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection].", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Santos-Lasaosa, S", "Porta-Etessam, J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410765", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to the need for changes in clinical practice, with new strategies to enable integrated care for patients with headache and neuralgia. Given the high spreadability of SARS-CoV-2, new safety measures are required in such procedures as onabotulinumtoxinA infiltration and nerve blocks. We present a series of recommendations based on the measures implemented to prevent infection in our healthcare system. We differentiate between measures related to patients and physicians, to technique, to infrastructure (waiting room and consultation), and to healthcare management."}, {"pmid": 32254054, "pmcid": "PMC7137107", "title": "Visualizing an unseen enemy; mobilizing structural biology to counter COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol", "authors": ["Baker, Edward N"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32254054", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395713, "pmcid": "PMC7211589", "title": "Melatonin Inhibits COVID-19-induced Cytokine Storm by Reversing Aerobic Glycolysis in Immune Cells: A Mechanistic Analysis.", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Reiter, Russel J", "Sharma, Ramaswamy", "Ma, Qiang", "Dominquez-Rodriguez, Alberto", "Marik, Paul E", "Abreu-Gonzalez, Pedro"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395713", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352594, "pmcid": "PMC7267347", "title": "Phytotherapic compounds against coronaviruses: Possible streams for future research.", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Antonelli, Michele", "Donelli, Davide", "Maggini, Valentina", "Firenzuoli, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352594", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506757, "title": "Facial protection in the era of COVID-19: a narrative review.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Li, Dion Tik Shun", "Samaranayake, Lakshman Perera", "Leung, Yiu Yan", "Neelakantan, Prasanna"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We live in extraordinary times, where COVID-19 pandemic has brought the whole world to a screeching halt. Tensions and contradictions that surround the pandemic ridden world include the availability, and the lack thereof, various facial protection measures to mitigate the viral spread. Here, we comprehensively explore the different type of facial protection measures, including masks, needed both for the pubic and the health care workers (HCW). We discuss the anatomy, the critical issues of disinfection and reusability of masks, the alternative equipment available for the protection of the facial region from airborne diseases, such as face shields and powered air purifying respirators (PAPR), and the skin-health impact of prolonged wearing of facial protection by HCW. Clearly, facial protection, either in the form of masks or alternates, appears to have mitigated the pandemic as seen from the minimal COVID-19 spread in countries where public mask wearing is strictly enforced. On the contrary, the healthcare systems, that appear to have been unprepared for emergencies of this nature, should be appropriately geared to handle the imbalance of supply and demand of personal protective equipment including face masks. These are two crucial lessons we can learn from this tragic experience."}, {"pmid": 32374012, "title": "Mortality rate and gender differences in COVID-19 patients dying in Italy: A comparison with other countries.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Di Stadio, A", "Ricci, G", "Greco, A", "de Vincentiis, M", "Ralli, M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374012", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277470, "pmcid": "PMC7262151", "title": "Breaking Social Isolation Amidst COVID-19: A Viewpoint on Improving Access to Technology in Long-Term Care Facilities.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Eghtesadi, Marzieh"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277470", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462703, "title": "The COVID-19 epidemic of manuscripts.", "journal": "J Adv Nurs", "authors": ["Watson, Roger", "Mark, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462703", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402140, "pmcid": "PMC7235521", "title": "SARS coronavirus 2; how many more examples do we need before the world commits to decisive action?", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Griffiths, P D"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434606, "title": "ADHD and Covid-19: Current roadblocks and future opportunities.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["McGrath, Jane"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434606", "countries": ["Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is the commonest disorder presenting to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in Ireland. ADMiRE is a specialist ADHD service in South Dublin that provides assessment and intervention for >200 children and adolescents with ADHD.The first section of this article considers the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the provision of mental health services for young people with ADHD with specific reference to the difficulties that have been experienced in ADMiRE since the outbreak of Covid-19 in Ireland. In ADMiRE, there has been a significant reduction of face to face consultations, postponement of new assessments, difficulties with physical monitoring, delays in medication initiation, suspension of medication titration, lack of group interventions and problems with access to controlled drug prescriptions. Current guidelines and alternative ways of ensuring adequate service provision are discussed.Restrictions to mitigate the spread of Covid-19 are likely to continue for many months, and child and adolescent mental health services need to find new ways to provide a sustainable service to young people in Ireland. There is a growing evidence base for telepsychiatry, the use of technology such as video conferencing to deliver mental health care remotely, and this approach may be particularly useful in assessment and management of ADHD. The second section of this article discusses the evidence base for telepsychiatry in ADHD, and outlines factors that should be considered when developing a telepsychiatry service for children and adolescents with ADHD."}, {"pmid": 32392907, "title": "Management of Acute Stroke Patients Amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Scientific Statement of the Korean Stroke Society.", "journal": "J Stroke", "authors": ["Kim, Beom Joon", "Kim, Eu Suk", "Shin, Myoung Jin", "Kim, Hong Bin", "Lee, Hee Young", "Hong, Keun-Sik", "Park, Hong-Kyun", "Lee, Jun", "Sohn, Sung-Il", "Hwang, Yang-Ha", "Ko, Sang-Bae", "Park, Jong-Moo", "Rha, Joung-Ho", "Kwon, Sun U", "Kim, Jong S", "Heo, Ji Hoe", "Lee, Byung Chul", "Yoon, Byung-Woo", "Bae, Hee-Joon"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392907", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420936, "title": "Treatments for COVID-19: emerging drugs against the coronavirus.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Poti, Francesco", "Pozzoli, Cristina", "Adami, Maristella", "Poli, Enzo", "Costa, Lucio G"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420936", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak has been recognized as a global threat to public health. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and no effective therapies currently exist against this novel viral agent. Along with extensive public health measures, an unprecedented global effort in identifying effective drugs for the treatment is being implemented. Potential drug targets are emerging as the result of a fast-evolving understanding of SARS-CoV-2 virology, host response to the infection, and clinical course of the disease. This brief review focuses on the latest and most promising pharmacological treatments against COVID-19 currently under investigation and discuss their potential use based on either documented efficacy in similar viral infections, or their activity against inflammatory syndromes. Ongoing clinical trials are also emphasized."}, {"pmid": 32493489, "pmcid": "PMC7269420", "title": "Guidance for otolaryngology health care workers performing aerosol generating medical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Lammers, Marc J W", "Lea, Jane", "Westerberg, Brian D"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493489", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a predilection for infecting the mucosa of the upper and lower airways. Otolaryngologists and supporting health care workers (HCWs) are particularly at high risk of becoming infected while treating patients as many in-office procedures and surgeries are Aerosol Generating Medical Procedures (AGMP). Based on a review of the literature and various guidelines, recommendations are made to mitigate the risk to health care workers of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 while providing clinical care. During the COVID-19 pandemic all elective and non-time sensitive Otolaryngology procedures should be deferred to mitigate the risk of transmission of infection to HCWs. For non-AGMPs in all patients, even COVID-19 positive patients Level 1 PPE (surgical mask, gown, gloves and face shield or goggles) is sufficient. If local prevalence is favourable and patients are asymptomatic and test negative for SARS-CoV-2, Level 1 PPE can be used during short duration AGMPs, with limited risk of infected aerosol spread.\u00a0For AGMPs in patients who test positive\u00a0for SARS-CoV-2 a minimum of\u00a0Level 2 PPE, with adequate protection of mucosal surfaces, is recommended (N95/FFP2 respirator, gown, double gloves, goggles or face shield and head cover). For long duration AGMPs that are deemed high-risk in COVID-19 positive patients, Level 3 PPE can provide a higher level of protection and be more comfortable during long duration surgeries if surgical hoods or PAPRs are used. It\u00a0is recommended that these procedures are performed in negative pressure rooms, if available. It is essential to follow strict donning and doffing protocols to minimize the risk of contamination. By following strict infection prevention recommendations, the risk of HCWs becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 while treating patients can be minimized. As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves rapidly, these recommendations should serve as guidance and need to be interpreted based on local factors and availability of healthcare resources."}, {"pmid": 32347747, "title": "Can melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Int Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Shneider, Alex", "Kudriavtsev, Aleksandr", "Vakhrusheva, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347747", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most devastating events in recent history. The virus causes relatively minor damage to young, healthy populations, imposing life-threatening danger to the elderly and people with diseases of chronic inflammation. Therefore, if we could reduce the risk for vulnerable populations, it would make the COVID-19 pandemic more similar to other typical outbreaks. Children don't suffer from COVID-19 as much as their grandparents and have a much higher melatonin level. Bats are nocturnal animals possessing high levels of melatonin, which may contribute to their high anti-viral resistance. Viruses induce an explosion of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, and melatonin is the best natural antioxidant that is lost with age. The programmed cell death coronaviruses cause, which can result in significant lung damage, is also inhibited by melatonin. Coronavirus causes inflammation in the lungs which requires inflammasome activity. Melatonin blocks these inflammasomes. General immunity is impaired by anxiety and sleep deprivation. Melatonin improves sleep habits, reduces anxiety and stimulates immunity. Fibrosis may be the most dangerous complication after COVID-19. Melatonin is known to prevent fibrosis. Mechanical ventilation may be necessary but yet imposes risks due to oxidative stress, which can be reduced by melatonin. Thus, by using the safe over-the-counter drug melatonin, we may be immediately able to prevent the development of severe disease symptoms in coronavirus patients, reduce the severity of their symptoms, and/or reduce the immuno-pathology of coronavirus infection on patients' health after the active phase of the infection is over."}, {"pmid": 32444458, "title": "Early Observation and Mitigation of Challenges in Diabetes Management of COVID-19 Patients in Critical Care Units.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Hamdy, Osama", "Gabbay, Robert A"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444458", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427676, "pmcid": "PMC7273954", "title": "Shanghai Zhongshan Experience on Digestive Endoscopic Procedures During 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Liu, Xinyang", "Cai, Mingyan", "Shi, Qiang", "Wang, Ping", "Zhou, Pinghong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427676", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396627, "pmcid": "PMC7239196", "title": "Successful percutaneous thrombectomy in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia and acute pulmonary embolism supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Schmiady, Martin O", "Sromicki, Juri", "Kucher, Nils", "Ouda, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396627", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32096564, "pmcid": "PMC7233289", "title": "Combination of RT-qPCR testing and clinical features for diagnosis of COVID-19 facilitates management of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Yishan", "Kang, Hanyujie", "Liu, Xuefeng", "Tong, Zhaohui"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096564", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514854, "title": "[Biological therapy after COVID-19 infection : No reactivation of a COVID-19 infection with positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody status under biological therapy].", "journal": "Z Rheumatol", "authors": ["Steinchen, N", "Muller-Ladner, U", "Lange, U"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514854", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A\u00a0case with rheumatoid arthritis and insufficient compensation under disease-modifying combined long-term therapy with methotrexate and leflunomide is reported. After recovery from a\u00a0COVID-19 infection, a\u00a0tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor therapy was initiated. Until now no reactivation of the COVID-19 infection with positive SARS-CoV\u20112 antibody status has occurred."}, {"pmid": 32412581, "pmcid": "PMC7229532", "title": "Use of Prone Positioning in Nonintubated Patients With COVID-19 and Hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Elharrar, Xavier", "Trigui, Youssef", "Dols, Anne-Marie", "Touchon, Francois", "Martinez, Stephanie", "Prud'homme, Eloi", "Papazian, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412581", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298415, "pmcid": "PMC7184418", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak in Italy: protecting worker health and the response of the Italian Industrial Hygienists Association.", "journal": "Ann Work Expo Health", "authors": ["Spinazze, Andrea", "Cattaneo, Andrea", "Cavallo, Domenico M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298415", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome - coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), i.e. the virus causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is dramatically increasing worldwide to the size of a pandemic. At the time of writing Italy is ranking first among countries both in terms of number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and in terms of number of deaths. Such a wide spread of COVID-19 has led to concern among workers who are facing the risk of becoming infected during the execution of their duties. We believe it is useful to remark on the need for professional expertise in the field of Occupational Hygiene in this emergency context, in which the indications provided by national and international bodies, the available scientific literature and the legal provisions are constantly and rapidly evolving. It is of fundamental importance that there is an effective analysis of expert inputs, to provide essential guidance to Health, Safety and Environmental managers and other prevention managers in workplaces. In this regard, not only a constant update of the regulatory framework is needed, but also a development and circulation of operational guidance to all the stakeholders to translate general indications into clear operating procedures and implementation tools to be adopted in the workplaces. We believe that the scientific associations in the field of Occupational Hygiene play a crucial role in guiding and assisting prevention professionals. There is considerable expertise in the occupational hygiene and exposure science communities that can help employers and workers to contain and delay the spread of Covid-19. For this reason, the Italian Association of Industrial Hygienists (AIDII - Associazione Italiana degli Igienisti Industriali) published documents containing operational guidelines to provide correct and constantly updated information for: (1) workers employed in essential activities (with low and medium risk of contagion), (2) health workers and other workers at high or very high risk of contagion, and (3) for the correct use and handling of personal protective equipment (PPE) for workers and for the population in general. It is worth pointing out that the documents produced are not intended to replace those produced by authoritative bodies, but to comply with and complete them by reporting an effective summary and further indications about the measures that should be taken in practice under the light of the Italian legislation. At present, the challenge is to produce scientifically-sound knowledge, appropriate tools and effective methodologies, by coordinating the initiatives of different scientific associations, with the final aim to effectively transfer them to employers and workers."}, {"pmid": 32420939, "title": "Assessment and treatment of older individuals with COVID 19 multi-system disease: Clinical and ethical implications.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Lauretani, Fulvio", "Ravazzoni, Giulia", "Roberti, Maria Federica", "Longobucco, Yari", "Adorni, Elisa", "Grossi, Margherita", "De Iorio, Aurelio", "La Porta, Umberto", "Fazio, Chiara", "Gallini, Elena", "Federici, Raffaele", "Salvi, Marco", "Ciarrocchi, Erika", "Rossi, Francesca", "Bergamin, Marina", "Bussolati, Giacomo", "Grieco, Ilaria", "Broccoli, Federica", "Zucchini, Irene", "Ielo, Giuseppe", "Morganti, Simonetta", "Artoni, Andrea", "Arisi, Arianna", "Tagliaferri, Sara", "Maggio, Marcello"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420939", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 infection is a multisystem disease more frequent in older individuals, especially in those with multiple chronic diseases. This multimorbid and frail population requires attention and a personalized comprehensive assessment in order to avoid the occurrence of adverse outcomes. As other diseases, the COVID-19 presentation in older patients is often atypical with less severe and unspecific symptoms. These subjects both at home and during hospitalization suffer isolation and the lack of support of caregivers. The geriatric care in COVID-19 wards is often missing. The application of additional instruments would be necessary to facilitate and personalize the clinical approach, not only based on diseases but also on functional status. This narrative review starts from diagnostic evaluation, continues with adapted pharmacologic treatment and ends with the recovery phase targeting the nutrition and physical exercise. We developed a check-list of respiratory, gastro-intestinal and other less-specific symptoms, summarized in a table and easily to be filled-up by patients, nurses and general practitioners. As second step, we reported the clinical phases of this disease. Far to be considered just viral infective and respiratory, this disease is also an inflammatory and thrombotic condition with frequent bacterial over-infection. We finally considered timing and selection of treatment, which depend on the disease phase, co-administration of other drugs and require the monitoring of renal, liver and cardiac function. This underlines the role of age not just as a limitation, but also an opportunity to increase the quality and the appropriateness of multidisciplinary and multidimensional intervention in this population."}, {"pmid": 32430627, "pmcid": "PMC7237344", "title": "COVID-19-associated cardiovascular morbidity in older adults: a position paper from the Italian Society of Cardiovascular Researches.", "journal": "Geroscience", "authors": ["Moccia, F", "Gerbino, A", "Lionetti, V", "Miragoli, M", "Munaron, L M", "Pagliaro, P", "Pasqua, T", "Penna, C", "Rocca, C", "Samaja, M", "Angelone, T"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430627", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects host cells following binding with the cell surface ACE2 receptors, thereby leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 causes viral pneumonia with additional extrapulmonary manifestations and major complications, including acute myocardial injury, arrhythmia, and shock mainly in elderly patients. Furthermore, patients with existing cardiovascular comorbidities, such as hypertension and coronary heart disease, have a worse clinical outcome following contraction of the viral illness. A striking feature of COVID-19 pandemics is the high incidence of fatalities in advanced aged patients: this might be due to the prevalence of frailty and cardiovascular disease increase with age due to endothelial dysfunction and loss of endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms. Although experimental evidence on this topic is still at its infancy, the aim of this position paper is to hypothesize and discuss more suggestive cellular and molecular mechanisms whereby SARS-CoV-2 may lead to detrimental consequences to the cardiovascular system. We will focus on aging, cytokine storm, NLRP3/inflammasome, hypoxemia, and air pollution, which is an emerging cardiovascular risk factor associated with rapid urbanization and globalization. We will finally discuss the impact of clinically available CV drugs on the clinical course of COVID-19 patients. Understanding the role played by SARS-CoV2 on the CV system is indeed mandatory to get further insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis and to design a therapeutic strategy of cardio-protection for frail patients."}, {"pmid": 32228732, "pmcid": "PMC7156571", "title": "Epidemiological Characteristics on the Clustering Nature of COVID-19 in Qingdao City, 2020: A Descriptive Analysis.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Jia, Jing", "Hu, Xiaowen", "Yang, Feng", "Song, Xin", "Dong, Liyan", "Zhang, Jingfei", "Jiang, Fachun", "Gao, Ruqin"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228732", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As an emerging infectious disease, COVID-19 has involved many countries and regions. With the further development of the epidemic, the proportion of clusters has increased. In our study, we collected information on COVID-19 clusters in Qingdao City. The epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations were analyzed. Eleven clusters of COVID-19 were reported in Qingdao City between January 29, and February 23, 2020, involving 44 confirmed cases, which accounted for 73.33% of all confirmed cases. From January 19 to February 2, 2020, the cases mainly concentrated in the district that had many designated hospitals. Patients aged 20-59 y old accounted for the largest proportion (68.18%) of cases; the male-to-female sex ratio was 0.52:1. Three cases were infected from exposure to confirmed cases. The average incubation period was 6.28 d. The median number of cases per cluster was 4, and the median duration time was 6 d. The median cumulative number of exposed persons was 53. More attention should be paid to the epidemic of clusters in prevention and control of COVID-19. In addition to isolating patients, it is essential to track, screen, and isolate those who have come in close contact with patients. Self-isolation is the key especially for healthy people in the epidemic area."}, {"pmid": 32520747, "title": "Digital technology for management of severe mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries.", "journal": "Curr Opin Psychiatry", "authors": ["Merchant, Rutvij", "Torous, John", "Rodriguez-Villa, Elena", "Naslund, John A"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520747", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasingly, digital technologies, especially mobile telecommunications and smartphone apps, are seen as a novel tool for managing severe mental disorders (SMDs) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is a need to identify best practices in the use of digital technologies to effectively reach, support, and manage care for patients living with SMDs. In this review, we summarize recent studies using digital technology to manage symptoms and support clinical care for this patient population and discuss new opportunities to advance digital psychiatry research and practice in LMICs. Studies evaluating digital interventions for clinical populations living with SMDs in LMICs are limited. Yet, across recent articles surveyed, digital technology appears to yield diverse benefits for this at-risk patient population. These benefits include improved medication adherence, appointment adherence, reduced instances of relapse, and fewer re-hospitalizations. Continued rigorous research evaluating effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of digital technologies in reaching, treating, and managing symptoms and supporting clinical care for patients with SMDs in LMICs is vital. The urgency for remote approaches for delivering specialized psychiatric care is particularly pronounced because of the immediate and long-term impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on access to in-person services. Future research should emphasize participatory approaches rooted in a process of codesign with target users, in order to achieve clinically effective remotely delivered digital mental health interventions."}, {"pmid": 32382135, "pmcid": "PMC7204611", "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the neuroendocrine stress axis.", "journal": "Mol Psychiatry", "authors": ["Steenblock, Charlotte", "Todorov, Vladimir", "Kanczkowski, Waldemar", "Eisenhofer, Graeme", "Schedl, Andreas", "Wong, Ma-Li", "Licinio, Julio", "Bauer, Michael", "Young, Allan H", "Gainetdinov, Raul R", "Bornstein, Stefan R"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382135", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345570, "pmcid": "PMC7177064", "title": "Head and neck cancer care in the COVID-19 pandemic: A brief update.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Yuen, Erick", "Fote, Gianna", "Horwich, Peter", "Nguyen, Shaun A", "Patel, Rusha", "Davies, Joel", "Houlton, Jeffrey", "Nathan, Cherie-Ann", "St John, Maie", "Day, Terry"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345570", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489177, "pmcid": "PMC7268269", "title": "Authors' response: SARS-CoV-2 detection by real-time RT-PCR.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Corman, Victor M", "Drosten, Christian"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489177", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220066, "pmcid": "PMC7228403", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and HIV.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220066", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363205, "pmcid": "PMC7184112", "title": "Epidemiological features and medical care-seeking process of patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "ERJ Open Res", "authors": ["Hua, Jing", "Chen, Rongzhang", "Zhao, Liming", "Wu, Xiaodong", "Guo, Qian", "He, Chunfeng", "Li, Tian", "Ren, Xiaoyu", "Liu, Zhongmin", "Li, Qiang", "Wang, Feilong"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363205", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical features, and medical care-seeking process of patients with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, to provide useful information to contain COVID-19 in other places with similar outbreaks of the virus. We collected epidemiological and clinical information of patients with COVID-19 admitted to a makeshift Fangcang hospital between 7 and 26 February, 2020. The waiting time of each step during the medical care-seeking process was also analysed. Of the 205 patients with COVID-19 infection, 31% had presumed transmission from a family member. 10% of patients had hospital-related transmission. It took as long as a median of 6\u2005days from the first medical visit to receive the COVID-19 nucleic acid test and 10\u2005days from the first medical visit to hospital admission, indicating early recognition of COVID-19 was not achieved at the early stage of the outbreak, although these delays were shortened later. After clinical recovery from COVID-19, which took a mean of 21\u2005days from illness onset, there was still a substantial proportion of patients who had persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The diagnostic evaluation process of suspected patients needs to be accelerated at the epicentre of the outbreak and early isolation of infected patients in a healthcare setting rather than at home is urgently required to stop the spread of the virus. Clinical recovery is not an appropriate criterion to release isolated patients and as long as 4\u2005weeks' isolation for patients with COVID-19 is not enough to prevent the spread of the virus."}, {"pmid": 32442422, "pmcid": "PMC7237364", "title": "Horizontal transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to a premature infant: multiple organ injury and association with markers of inflammation.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Cook, James", "Harman, Katharine", "Zoica, Bogdana", "Verma, Anita", "D'Silva, Pam", "Gupta, Atul"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442422", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423569, "pmcid": "PMC7174180", "title": "From empiricism to scientific evidence in antiviral treatment in severe cases of coronavirus infection in times of epidemic.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Estella, A", "Garnacho-Montero, J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423569", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463375, "title": "Has the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak influenced the uptake of a popular smoking cessation app in UK smokers? An interrupted time series analysis.", "journal": "JMIR Mhealth Uhealth", "authors": ["Perski, Olga", "Herbec, Aleksandra", "Shahab, Lion", "Brown, Jamie"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463375", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak may motivate smokers to attempt to stop in greater numbers. However, given the temporary closure of UK stop smoking services and vape shops, smokers attempting to quit may instead seek out mobile health support, such as smartphone apps. We examined, using an interrupted time series approach, whether the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been associated with a step change or increasing trend in UK downloads of an otherwise popular smoking cessation app, Smoke Free. Data were from daily and nondaily adult smokers in the United Kingdom who had downloaded the Smoke Free app between January 1, 2020, and March 31, 2020 (primary analysis), and January 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020 (secondary analysis). The outcome variable was the number of downloads aggregated at the 12-hourly (primary analysis) or daily level (secondary analysis). The explanatory variable was the start of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, operationalized as March 1, 2020 (primary analysis), and January 15, 2020 (secondary analysis). Generalized additive mixed models adjusted for relevant covariates were fitted. Data were collected on 45,105 (primary analysis) and 119,881 (secondary analysis) users. In both analyses, there was no evidence for a step change or increasing trend in downloads attributable to the start of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Calculation of Bayes factors (BFs) indicated that the data for the primary analysis favored the null hypothesis compared with large associations (for level, BF=0.25; for slope, BF=0.26) but were insensitive to the detection of small associations (for level, BF=0.78; for slope, BF=1.35). In the United Kingdom, between January 1, 2020, and March 31, 2020, and between January 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020, there was no evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been associated with a large step change or increasing trend in downloads of a popular smoking cessation app. Findings on the association of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak with a small step change or increasing trend were inconclusive."}, {"pmid": 32423497, "title": "COVID-19: Pandemic Risk, Resilience and Possibilities for Aging Research.", "journal": "Can J Aging", "authors": ["Wister, Andrew", "Speechley, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423497", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405989, "pmcid": "PMC7220598", "title": "Cardiovascular disease in the literature: A selection of recent original research papers.", "journal": "J Nucl Cardiol", "authors": ["AlJaroudi, Wael A", "Hage, Fadi G"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405989", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450927, "title": "COVID-19: Stroke Admissions, Emergency Department Visits, and Prevention Clinic Referrals.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Bres Bullrich, Maria", "Fridman, Sebastian", "Mandzia, Jennifer L", "Mai, Lauren M", "Khaw, Alexander", "Vargas Gonzalez, Juan Camilo", "Bagur, Rodrigo", "Sposato, Luciano A"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450927", "countries": ["Canada", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic on code stroke activations in the ED, stroke unit admissions, and referrals to the stroke prevention clinic at London's regional stroke center, serving a population of 1.8 million in Ontario, Canada. We found a 20% drop in the number of code strokes in 2020 compared to 2019, immediately after the first cases of COVID-19 were officially confirmed. There were no changes in the number of stroke admissions and there was a 22% decrease in the number of clinic referrals, only after the provincial lockdown. Our findings suggest that the decrease in code strokes was mainly driven by patient-related factors such as fear to be exposed to the SARS-CoV-2, while the reduction in clinic referrals was largely explained by hospital policies and the Government lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32452948, "title": "Restarting Essential Surgery in the Era of COVID-19: A Cautious Data Driven Approach Based on the Literature and Local Data.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Fields, Adam C", "Vacanti, Joshua C", "Rhee, Chanu", "Klompas, Michael", "Kanjilal, Sanjat", "Maldonado, Luisa", "Robinson, Malcolm K", "Nguyen, Louis L", "Pimentel, Marc Philip T", "Doherty, Gerard M", "Bleday, Ronald"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452948", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515982, "title": "H2S as a potential defence against COVID-19?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Cell Physiol", "authors": ["Yang, Guangdong"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515982", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is posing a global health emergency and has led to more than 380,000 deaths worldwide. The cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 depends on two host proteins angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and TMPRSS2. There is currently no vaccine available and also no effective drug for the treatment of COVID-19. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a novel gasotransmitter has been shown to protect against lung damage via its anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-viral, pro-survival, and anti-aging effects. In light of the research advances on H2S signalling in biology and medicine, this review proposed H2S as a potential defence against COVID-19. It is suggested that H2S may block SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells by interfering with ACE2 and TMPRSS2, inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by attenuating virus assembly/release, and protect SARS-CoV-2-induced lung damage by suppressing immune response and inflammation development. Preclinical studies and clinical trials with slow-releasing H2S donor(s) or the activators of endogenous H2S-generating enzymes should be considered as a preventative treatment or therapy for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32283315, "pmcid": "PMC7151236", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 or Lung Cancer: What Should We Treat?", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Russano, Marco", "Citarella, Fabrizio", "Vincenzi, Bruno", "Tonini, Giuseppe", "Santini, Daniele"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283315", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32169498, "pmcid": "PMC7102670", "title": "Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Li, Zhenyu", "Ge, Jingwu", "Yang, Meiling", "Feng, Jianping", "Qiao, Mei", "Jiang, Riyue", "Bi, Jiangjiang", "Zhan, Gaofeng", "Xu, Xiaolin", "Wang, Long", "Zhou, Qin", "Zhou, Chenliang", "Pan, Yinbing", "Liu, Shijiang", "Zhang, Haiwei", "Yang, Jianjun", "Zhu, Bin", "Hu, Yimin", "Hashimoto, Kenji", "Jia, Yan", "Wang, Haofei", "Wang, Rong", "Liu, Cunming", "Yang, Chun"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169498", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, more than 79,000 people have been diagnosed with infection of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). A large number of medical staff was sent to Wuhan city and Hubei province to aid COVID-19 control. Psychological stress, especially vicarious traumatization caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, should not be ignored. To address this concern, the study employed a total of 214 general public and 526 nurses (i.e., 234 front-line nurses and 292 non-front-line nurses) to evaluate vicarious traumatization scores via a mobile app-based questionnaire. Front-line nurses are engaged in the process of providing care for patients with COVID-19. The results showed that the vicarious traumatization scores for front-line nurses including scores for physiological and psychological responses, were significantly lower than those of non-front-line nurses (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Interestingly, the vicarious traumatization scores of the general public were significantly higher than those of the front-line nurses (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001); however, no statistical difference was observed compared to the scores of non-front-line nurses (P\u00a0>\u00a00.05). Therefore, increased attention should be paid to the psychological problems of the medical staff, especially non-front-line nurses, and general public under the situation of the spread and control of COVID-19. Early strategies that aim to prevent and treat vicarious traumatization in medical staff and general public are extremely necessary."}, {"pmid": 32294269, "pmcid": "PMC7262077", "title": "Carving out a place for internal medicine during COVID-19 epidemic in Italy.", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Lenti, Marco Vincenzo", "Corazza, Gino Roberto", "Di Sabatino, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294269", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500853, "title": "The Peru Approach against the COVID-19 Infodemic: Insights and Strategies.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Alvarez-Risco, Aldo", "Mejia, Christian R", "Delgado-Zegarra, Jaime", "Del-Aguila-Arcentales, Shyla", "Arce-Esquivel, Arturo A", "Valladares-Garrido, Mario J", "Rosas Del Portal, Mauricio", "Villegas, Leon F", "Curioso, Walter H", "Sekar, M Chandra", "Yanez, Jaime A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500853", "countries": ["Peru"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic has spawned an \"infodemic,\" with excessive and unfounded information that hinders an appropriate public health response. This perspective describes a selection of COVID-19 fake news that originated in Peru and the government's response to this information. Unlike other countries, Peru was relatively successful in controlling the infodemic possibly because of the implementation of prison sentences for persons who created and shared fake news. We believe that similar actions by other countries in collaboration with social media companies may offer a solution to the infodemic problem."}, {"pmid": 32267383, "title": "Food (in)security in Brazil in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Oliveira, Tatiana Coura", "Abranches, Monise Viana", "Lana, Raquel Martins"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267383", "countries": ["Brazil"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507112, "title": "Responding to COVID-19: how an academic infectious diseases division mobilized in Singapore.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Archuleta, Sophia", "Cross, Gail", "Somani, Jyoti", "Lum, Lionel", "Santosa, Amelia", "Alagha, Rawan A", "Allen, David M", "Ang, Alicia", "Beh, Darius", "Chai, Louis", "Chan, Si Min", "Lim, See Ming", "Olszyna, Dariusz P", "Ong, Catherine", "Oon, Jolene", "Salada, Brenda M A", "Smitasin, Nares", "Sun, Louisa", "Tambyah, Paul A", "Tham, Sai Meng", "Yan, Gabriel", "Yee, Chen Hui", "Dan, Yock Young", "Jureen, Roland", "Tee, Nancy", "Mahadevan, Malcolm", "Yau, Ying Wei", "Quek, Swee Chye", "Liu, Eugene H", "Sin, Clara", "Bagdasarian, Natasha", "Fisher, Dale A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507112", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 30, COVID-19 was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern-a week after Singapore's first imported case and 5\u00a0days before local transmission. The National University Hospital (NUH) is Singapore's third largest hospital with 1200 beds, heavy clinical workloads, and major roles in research and teaching. With memories of SARS still vivid, there was an urgent requirement for the NUH Division of Infectious Diseases to adapt-undergoing major reorganization to face rapidly changing priorities while ensuring usual essential services and standards. Leveraging on individual strengths, our division mobilized to meet the demands of COVID-19 while engaging in high-level coordination, strategy, and advocacy. We present our experience of the 60\u00a0days since the nation's first case. During this time, our hospital has managed 3030 suspect cases, including 1300 inpatients, 37 confirmed cases, and overseen 4384 samples tested for COVID-19. Complex hospital adaptations were supported by an unprecedented number of workflows and coordination channels essential to safe and effective operations. The actions we describe, aligned with international recommendations and emerging evidence-based best practices, may serve as a framework for other divisions and institutions facing the spread of COVID-19 globally."}, {"pmid": 32132140, "pmcid": "PMC7133384", "title": "Proposal for prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease in newborn infants.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed", "authors": ["Li, Fang", "Feng, Zhi Chun", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32132140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524689, "title": "Overlapping findings or oral manifestations in new SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Ponce, Jose Burgos", "Tjioe, Kellen Cristine"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524689", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have read the short communication \"Oral vesiculobullous lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection\" (Martin Carreras-Presas, Amaro Sanchez, Lopez-Sanchez, Jane-Salas, & Somacarrera Perez, 2020) by Dr. Mart\u00edn Carreras-Presas et al. with great interest. We congratulate the team for contributing to the knowledge about this devastating infection in such challenging times. However, we raise some concerns that must be addressed."}, {"pmid": 32366282, "pmcid": "PMC7198236", "title": "Liver injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a case series.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Cardoso, Filipe S", "Pereira, Rui", "Germano, Nuno"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366282", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476204, "title": "Clinical and surgical management of patients with head and neck cancer in a COVID-19 dedicated center in Italy.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Galli, Jacopo", "Settimi, Stefano", "Tricarico, Laura", "Almadori, Giovanni", "Paludetti, Gaetano"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476204", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For the EARs NOSE AND THROAT (ENT) surgeon, there are many challenges that show-up in the clinical management of a patient affected by a head and neck cancer during COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the postoperative period. During the acute COVID-19 emergency phase in Italy, we analyzed the management of a patient affected by a head and neck cancer. We reported several clinical data about the hospitalization period, pointing out the difficulties encountered both from clinical and management point of view. During pandemic, we admitted 27 oncological patients at our ENT Department. Delays in surgical procedures, complications of hospitalizations, need for radiological studies, and possible transfer to other hospital ward, due to suspect SARS-CoV-2 infection, were registered. The changes in the whole health care system during the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted the management of patients with head and neck cancer, generating several clinical challenges for the ENT surgeon."}, {"pmid": 32313361, "pmcid": "PMC7167562", "title": "Smart technologies for fighting pandemics: The techno- and human- driven approaches in controlling the virus transmission.", "journal": "Gov Inf Q", "authors": ["Kummitha, Rama Krishna Reddy"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313361", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "How do governments in China and Western democracies differ in their technological response to control the transmission of the pandemic? Based on an analysis of academic papers, World Health Organization reports and newspapers, this research compares two opposing approaches, whereas the Chinese cities and government have adopted a techno-driven approach, Western governments have adopted a human-driven approach to control the transmission of Covid-19. The findings highlight that although the techno driven approach may be more productive to identify, isolate and quarantine infected individuals, it also results in the suppression and censoring the citizen views. It is further emphasized that human interaction with the technology is mediated by the political and institutional context in which the technologies are implemented. This paper contributes to literature by understanding the human-technology relationship, and offers five practical observations for controlling virus transmissions during pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32341785, "pmcid": "PMC7180634", "title": "Nationwide system to centralize decisions around ECMO use for severe COVID-19 pneumonia in Japan (Special Correspondence).", "journal": "J Intensive Care", "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341785", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading in Japan. We have collected a total of 26 patients with COVID-19 who required extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO). The available data from the first 14 cases demonstrated that the median age of patients was 71 and the median PaO2/FIO2 ratio, positive end-expiratory pressure, mean airway pressure, and lung compliance were 70, 15 cmH2O, 21 cmH2O, and 28\u2009mL/cmH2O, respectively. Median serum KL-6 level was 333\u2009U/mL. Consequently, 16 (62%) out of the 26 have been weaned off and 6 (26%) have been extubated and on rehabilitation, while the other 10 (38%) remain on ECMO. There seemed to be two phenotypes of COVID-19: one with impaired lung compliance and one with preserved lung compliance. The latter phenotype was likely to be favored from the use of ECMO. Further investigation is necessary to clasrify the optimal use of ECMO in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32394245, "pmcid": "PMC7212835", "title": "Modelling-based evaluation of the effect of quarantine control by the Chinese government in the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Zhou, Xinkai", "Wu, Zhigui", "Yu, Ranran", "Cao, Shanni", "Fang, Wen", "Jiang, Zhen", "Yuan, Fang", "Yan, Chao", "Chen, Dijun"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394245", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466817, "title": "COVID-19 in Libya, fewer cases so far. Any speculations?", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Gasibat, Qais", "Raba, Ali Ahmed", "Abobaker, Anis"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466817", "countries": ["Libya"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388458, "pmcid": "PMC7190496", "title": "Adamantanes might be protective from COVID-19 in patients with neurological diseases: multiple sclerosis, parkinsonism and cognitive impairment.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Rejdak, Konrad", "Grieb, Pawel"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388458", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Facing the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is an urgent need to find protective or curable drugs to prevent or to stop the course of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recent evidence accumulates that adamantanes, widely used in different neurological diseases, could be repurposed for COVID-19. We hereby report on a questionnaire-based study performed to assess severity of COVID-19 in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (n=10), Parkinson's disease (n=5) or cognitive impairment (n=7). In all patients infection with SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed by rtPCR of nasopharyngeal swabs. They were receiving treatment with either amantadine (n=15) or memantine (n=7) in stable registered doses. All of them had two-week quarantine since documented exposure and none of them developed clinical manifestations of infectious disease. They also did not report any significant changes in neurological status in the course of primary nervous system disease. Above results warrant further studies on protective effects of adamantanes against COVID-19 manifestation, especially in subjects suffering from neurological disease."}, {"pmid": 32398383, "title": "Recommendations of the Main Board of the Polish Society of Otorhinolaryngologists, Head and Neck Surgeons for providing services during the COVID-19 pandemic for outpatient and hospital practices.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Pol", "authors": ["Wierzbicka, Malgorzata", "Niemczyk, Kazimierz", "Jaworowska, Ewa", "Burduk, Pawel", "Skladzien, Jacek", "Szyfter, Witold", "Markowski, Jaroslaw"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398383", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recommendations of the Main Board of the Polish Society of Otorhinolaryngologists, Head and Neck Surgeons for providing services during the COVID-19 pandemic constitute the guidance to outpatient and hospital practices in all cases where contact with a patient whose status of COVID-19 is unknown. They have been created based on world publications and recommendations due to the current state of the COVID-19 pandemic. Justification for suspension of planned provision of services in the first phase of a pandemic was presented. The indication of the best medical practices for the time of stabilization, but with the persistence of the risk of COVID-19 infection in the population are discussed. The possibility of providing services in the following months of the pandemic is important. We provide the rationale for launching medical activities and indicate optimal practices until the consolidation of SARS COV-2 prevention and treatment methods."}, {"pmid": 32370951, "pmcid": "PMC7196408", "title": "Missed or delayed diagnosis of Kawasaki disease during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Harahsheh, Ashraf S", "Dahdah, Nagib", "Newburger, Jane W", "Portman, Michael A", "Piram, Maryam", "Tulloh, Robert", "McCrindle, Brian W", "de Ferranti, Sarah D", "Cimaz, Rolando", "Truong, Dongngan T", "Burns, Jane C"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370951", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}]